tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trust boss gave misleading information to GMC about consultant who was unfairly dismissed
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

A large NHS teaching trust has lost an appeal against a damning employment tribunal judgment that found evidence of “bias and collusion at a senior management level” against a consultant who was unfairly dismissed.1

The 2018 employment tribunal, which ruled that consultant ophthalmic surgeon Tristan Reuser had been unfairly and wrongfully dismissed, found that David Rosser, now chief executive of University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, had given “inaccurate and misleading” information about Reuser to the General Medical Council.2

At the employment appeal tribunal, deputy High Court judge Naomi Ellenbogen QC dismissed the trust’s appeal on all six grounds. She allowed a cross appeal by Reuser against the tribunal’s ruling that his whistleblowing was not the reason for his dismissal and sent the case back to the original tribunal for it to look at the question again.

The dismissal took place when Reuser worked for the …
Fast and frugal innovations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Matthew Harris, Yasser Bhatti, Jim Buckley, Dhananjaya Sharma
Journal: Nature Medicine (2020)

Necessity has been the mother of invention in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, triggering many an innovation, often without the luxury of time to test these makeshift solutions to pressing problems. But there is much to be learned from times of crisis for times of plenty.
Assessing the Opioid Analgesic Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy Program—Reply
Authors: James Heyward, Joshua Sharfstein, G. Caleb Alexander
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

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Interventions for Rosacea
Authors: Esther J. van Zuuren, Zbys Fedorowicz
Journal: JAMA (2015)

<h3>Clinical Question</h3> Which interventions are associated with highest efficacy and fewest adverse events for treating rosacea? <h3>Bottom Line</h3> There is high-quality evidence that topical brimonidine, azelaic acid, and ivermectin, as well as oral doxycycline and isotretinoin, are associated with improvements in rosacea. Lower-quality evidence is available for topical metronidazole, oral tetracycline, laser and light-based therapy, and topical cyclosporine for ocular rosacea. Most treatments are not associated with higher adverse event rates than placebo.
A Phase 1/2, Open-Label, Prospective, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of the Lower Dose of Bortezomib Plus Busulfan and Melphalan As a Conditioning Regimen in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Undergoing Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation: Result of Phase 1 Trial
Authors: Jin Seok Kim, Chang Ki Min, Sung-Soo Yoon, Jae Hoon Lee
Journal: Blood (2012)
Myocardial Infarction in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Jonathan W Cunningham, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Brian L Claggett, Jenine E John, Akshay S Desai, Eldrin F Lewis, Michael R Zile, Peter Carson, Pardeep S Jhund, Lars Kober, Bertram Pitt, Sanjiv J Shah, Karl Swedberg, Inder S Anand, Salim Yusuf, John J V McMurray, Marc A Pfeffer, Scott D Solomon
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2020)
Abstract 2494: The Clinical Randomized Study of Autologous Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cell Transplantation by Intracoronary Infusion in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zhanquan Li, Ming Zhang, Yuanzhe Jin, Weiwei Zhang, Ying Liu, Lijie Cui, Long Yuan, Xianzhi Liu, Xian Yu, Tieshi Hu
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Purpose: To investigate the effects and safety of autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation by intracoronory infusion in patients with AMI. Method: 70 patients (60±10 years old) w...
Abstract 10342: Noninvasive Estimation of Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure Using the Novel Kinetics-Tracking Index Assessed by Combination of Left Atrial Volume and Function
Authors: Masanori Kawasaki, Michael R Zile, Ryuhei Tanaka, Koji Ono, Takatomo Watanabe, Makoto Iwama, Takeshi Hirose, Masazumi Arai, Toshiyuki Noda, Sachiro Watanabe, Shinya Minatoguchi
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: We have recently developed a novel index to estimate pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (ePCWP) using a combined assessment of left atrial (LA) volume (LAV) and LA emptying function (EF...
THE MIRROR-NEURON SYSTEM
Authors: Giacomo Rizzolatti, Laila Craighero
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2004)

A category of stimuli of great importance for primates, humans in particular, is that formed by actions done by other individuals. If we want to survive, we must understand the actions of others. Furthermore, without action understanding, social organization is impossible. In the case of humans, there is another faculty that depends on the observation of others' actions: imitation learning. Unlike most species, we are able to learn by imitation, and this faculty is at the basis of human culture. In this review we present data on a neurophysiological mechanism--the mirror-neuron mechanism--that appears to play a fundamental role in both action understanding and imitation. We describe first the functional properties of mirror neurons in monkeys. We review next the characteristics of the mirror-neuron system in humans. We stress, in particular, those properties specific to the human mirror-neuron system that might explain the human capacity to learn by imitation. We conclude by discussing the relationship between the mirror-neuron system and language.
The sense of moral obligation facilitates information agency and culture
Authors: Heather M. Maranges, Roy F. Baumeister, Kathleen D. Vohs
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2020)

Abstract Tomasello argues that humans’ sense of moral obligation emerges early in development, relies on a shared “we,” and serves as the foundation of cooperation. This perspective complements our theoretical view of the human self as information agent . The shared “we” promotes not only proximal cooperative goals but also distal ones via the construction of shared understanding – it promotes culture.
PET/CT and PET/MRI, Normal Variations, and Artifacts
Authors: Mohsen Beheshti, Reyhaneh Manafi-Farid, Alireza Rezaee, Werner Langsteger
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Hybrid positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has emerged a pivotal role in cancer imaging in the last two decades. It allows simultaneous acquisition and assessment of metabolic and morphologic changes which lead to higher accuracy, reporter confidence, and cost-effectiveness when compared with stand-alone performance of each modality.Various specific radiotracers such as 18F-FDG-, 18F-choline-, 11C-choline-, 18F-sodium fluoride, and the 68Ga-labeled peptide have been introduced in routine clinical practice depending on disease characteristics and the metabolic pathways of the cancerous tissues. However, tracer uptake is frequently not specific to a single pathologic process, and accurate interpretation of PET/CT requires the good knowledge of the normal distribution of different tracers and also incidental findings that are often encountered in clinical practice.In the last few years, dedicated positron emission tomography/magnet resonance imaging (PET/MRI) has also become commercially available. Although the radiopharmaceutical-related physiologic uptakes and artifacts are mostly similar from PET/CT to PET/MRI, there are different technical artifacts which should be considered for accurate interpretation.In this chapter, we provide a review concerning the physiologic uptakes of common radiotracers and benign findings in a specific order based on different parts of the body, head and neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis.
Mechanisms underlying the association between periodontitis and atherosclerotic disease
Authors: Harvey A. Schenkein, Panos N. Papapanou, Robert Genco, Mariano Sanz
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2020)

Abstract Atherosclerosis is central to the pathology of cardiovascular diseases, a group of diseases in which arteries become occluded with atheromas that may rupture, leading to different cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke. There is a large body of epidemiologic and animal model evidence associating periodontitis with atherosclerotic disease, and many potential mechanisms linking these diseases have been elucidated. This chapter will update knowledge on these mechanisms, which generally fall into 2 categories: microbial invasion and infection of atheromas; and inflammatory and immunologic. With respect to the invasion and infection of atheromas, it is well established that organisms from the subgingival biofilm can enter the circulation and lodge in most distant tissues. Bacteremias resulting from oral interventions, and even oral hygiene activities, are well documented. More recently, indirect routes of entry of oral organisms (via phagocytes or dendritic cells) have been described for many oral organisms, into many tissues. Such organisms include the periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia , and Fusobacterium nucleatum . Intracellular survival of these organisms with dissemination to distant sites (The Trojan Horse approach) has been described. Their relative contribution to atheroma formation and progression has been studied mainly in experimental research, with results demonstrating that these organisms can invade endothelial cells and phagocytic cells within the atheroma, leading to pathogenic changes and progression of the atheroma lesion. The second category of mechanisms potentially linking periodontitis to atherosclerosis includes the dumping of inflammatory mediators originating from periodontal lesions into the systemic circulation. These inflammatory mediators, such as C‐reactive protein, matrix metalloproteinases, fibrinogen, and other hemostatic factors, would further accelerate atheroma formation and progression, mainly through oxidative stress and inflammatory dysfunction. Moreover, direct effects on lipid oxidation have also been described. In summary, the evidence supports the concept that periodontitis enhances the levels of systemic mediators of inflammation that are risk factors for atherosclerotic diseases.
Comparative effects of amlodipine and sildenafil on the NT-proBNP levels of patients with COPD-induced pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Fanak Fahimi, Babak Sharif-Kashani, Shadi Baniasadi, Ali Hamraghani, Jamshid Salamzadeh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Pulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important cause of death. N-terminal of pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) has been suggested as a noninvasive marker for the presence and severity of PH. The changes in NT-proBNP concentration correlated with clinical symptoms. Specific treatment of PH in the setting of COPD has not been adequately studied. We assessed oral vasodilators9 (sildenafil and amlodipine) effect on NT- proBNP level in PH due to COPD.   Methods:  Forty clinically-stable patients with the history of COPD who had a normal ejection fraction (EF), RV systolic pressure greater than 45 mmHg and baseline blood NT-proBNP levels above 100pg/ml were enrolled. They were divided into two groups. Patients in the first group received sildenafil 50 mg two times daily (group A) and the second group was given amlodipine 2.5-7.5 mg once daily (group B) for 2 weeks. NT-proBNP levels were measured before and after the 2 week drug administration.   Results:  Drug therapy with oral vasodilators (both amlodipine or sildenafil) could significantly reduce NT-proBNP levels in COPD-induced PH patients. Also there were no significant differences between amlodipine and sildenafil on lowering NT-proBNP levels (effectiveness of therapies).   Conclusion:  Drug therapy (oral vasodilators) in COPD-induced significantly decreased NT-proBNP levels in this study. Though, no significant difference between amlodipine and sildenafil in reducing NT-proBNP levels was observed. Changes in NT-proBNP levels could be used as an indicator to mirror the effectiveness of therapies.
Intrauterine Growth Retardation, Insulin Resistance, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children
Authors: Giulio Marchesini, Valerio Nobili, Elisabetta Bugianesi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

In the comment by Fraser et al. (1) to our report (2), several issues were raised that were not settled in our study. The first problem is the persistence (into adulthood) of the insulin resistance generated by intrauterine growth retardation (defined as small for gestational age [SGA]) and its potential for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Very-low birth weight confers an increased susceptibility to insulin resistance and metabolic diseases in adulthood …
Delayed hypersensitivity associated with amoxicillin‐clavulanate
Authors: Ana Copaescu, Morgan Rose, Effie Mouhtouris, Kyra Y. Chua, Natasha E. Holmes, Elizabeth J. Phillips, Jason A. Trubiano
Journal: Allergy (2020)

Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
PTH-012 The impact of cholangioscopy on radiation exposure in ERCP
Authors: Noor Bekkali, Anisha Bhagwanani, Manil Chouhan, MG Keane, George Webster
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) remains the standard tool for biliary stone extraction, biliary drainage and intraductal stricture assessment. Cholangioscopy allows direct intraductal visualisation without requiring fluoroscopy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess radiation dose during ERCP in patients with stones or strictures with or without cholangioscopy. <h3>Methods</h3> Data from patients referred for cholangioscopy between June 2015 and December 2016, for difficult biliary stones (following failed stone extraction with conventional ERCP), or to acquire tissue diagnosis for indeterminate strictures was prospectively collected. In all patients with stones, first conventional ERCP was attempted, using mechanical lithotripsy and or sphincteroplasty combined with balloon trawls before cholangioscopy was attempted. Radiation exposure was indirectly measured using total dose area product (DAP) measured in Grey per square cm (Gy/cm<sup>2</sup>). Continuous variable differences were assessed using Student t-tests. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 194 patients, mean age 62±18 years [48% male] were included based on intention to undergo cholangioscopy. Indications comprised: 128 with stone disease, 56 strictures, 7 stone and stricture and 3 'other'. Conventional ERCP for stone clearance sufficed for 29 (23%) patients without cholangioscopy (group I); 1 patient had conventional ERCP for a stricture. Cholangioscopy was needed in 99 (77%) patients (group II) for stones and 55 (98%) patients referred for strictures (group III). The mean DAP in group I was 85±661 compared to 1912±1817 Gy/cm<sup>2</sup> in group II; p=0.003. Radiation dose for conventional ERCP radiation for stones was comparable to the dose (857±921 Gy/cm<sup>2</sup>) needed for stricture assessment for group III; p=0.98. The mean duration of the procedure (minutes) was 48±20 in group I, vs 72±27 in group II; p=0.0001. For strictures necessitating cholangioscopy, 49±19 min were needed for assessment which was comparable to group I; p=0.92. Radiation dosages per minute were persistently higher in group I compared to group II; 17±12 vs 29±24 Gy/cm<sup>2</sup>/min (p=0.02). As only 1 patient had stricture not necessitating cholangioscopy, no comparison was made between group III for above findings. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Cholangioscopy for stones adds considerably to procedure duration and total radiation dose compared to ERCP alone for stone disease. This likely reflects the high complexity of stone cases necessitating cholangioscopy. Of note, the radiation exposure/minute for ERCP with cholangioscopy in stone disease is no different to conventional ERCP. Our data on cholangioscopy in stricture assessment suggests that this may enhance diagnostic information (ie direct visualisation) without adding procedure time or radiation exposure.
Abstract 10519: Mechanism of Chronic CaMKII Inhibition-Caused Regression of Advanced Heart Failure: Beneficial Effects on Neurohormonal Activation, Cardiomyocyte Contractile Function, [Ca2+]i Regulation and Beta-Adrenergic Modulation
Authors: Yixi Liu, Qun Shao, Heng-Jie Cheng, Tiankai Li, Michael F Callahan, Che Ping Cheng
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Recent evidence indicates that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is upregulated in heart failure (HF), contributing to electrical, structural and functional remodelin...
Pattern of Invasion in Human Pancreatic Cancer Organoids Is Associated with Loss of SMAD4 and Clinical Outcome
Authors: Wenjie Huang, Bernat Navarro-Serer, Yea Ji Jeong, Peter Chianchiano, Limin Xia, Claudio Luchini, Nicola Veronese, Cameron Dowiak, Tammy Ng, Maria A. Trujillo, Bo Huang, Michael J. Pflüger, Anne M. Macgregor-Das, Gemma Lionheart, Danielle Jones, Kohei Fujikura, Kim-Vy Nguyen-Ngoc, Neil M. Neumann, Vincent P. Groot, Alina Hasanain, A. Floortje van Oosten, Sandra E. Fischer, Steven Gallinger, Aatur D. Singhi, Amer H. Zureikat, Randall E. Brand, Matthias M. Gaida, Stefan Heinrich, Richard A. Burkhart, Jin He, Christopher L. Wolfgang, Michael G. Goggins, Elizabeth D. Thompson, Nicholas J. Roberts, Andrew J. Ewald, Laura D. Wood
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by extensive local invasion and systemic spread. In this study, we employed a three-dimensional organoid model of human pancreatic cancer to characterize the molecular alterations critical for invasion. Time-lapse microscopy was used to observe invasion in organoids from 25 surgically resected human PDAC samples in collagen I. Subsequent lentiviral modification and small-molecule inhibitors were used to investigate the molecular programs underlying invasion in PDAC organoids. When cultured in collagen I, PDAC organoids exhibited two distinct, morphologically defined invasive phenotypes, mesenchymal and collective. Each individual PDAC gave rise to organoids with a predominant phenotype, and PDAC that generated organoids with predominantly mesenchymal invasion showed a worse prognosis. Collective invasion predominated in organoids from cancers with somatic mutations in the driver gene SMAD4 (or its signaling partner TGFBR2). Reexpression of SMAD4 abrogated the collective invasion phenotype in SMAD4-mutant PDAC organoids, indicating that SMAD4 loss is required for collective invasion in PDAC organoids. Surprisingly, invasion in passaged SMAD4-mutant PDAC organoids required exogenous TGFβ, suggesting that invasion in SMAD4-mutant organoids is mediated through noncanonical TGFβ signaling. The Rho-like GTPases RAC1 and CDC42 acted as potential mediators of TGFβ-stimulated invasion in SMAD4-mutant PDAC organoids, as inhibition of these GTPases suppressed collective invasion in our model. These data suggest that PDAC utilizes different invasion programs depending on SMAD4 status, with collective invasion uniquely present in PDAC with SMAD4 loss. Significance: Organoid models of PDAC highlight the importance of SMAD4 loss in invasion, demonstrating that invasion programs in SMAD4-mutant and SMAD4 wild-type tumors are different in both morphology and molecular mechanism.
How does inequality affect our sense of moral obligation?
Authors: Walter Sinnott-Armstrong
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2020)

Abstract Tomasello's novel and insightful theory of obligation explains why we sometimes sense an obligation to treat each other equally, but he has not yet explained why human morality also allows and enables much inequality in wealth and power. Ullman-Margalit's (1977) account of norms of partiality suggested a different source and kind of norms that might help to fill out Tomasello's picture.
Clinical and public health implications of periodontal and systemic diseases: An overview
Authors: Robert J. Genco, Mariano Sanz
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2020)

Abstract Severe periodontitis is defined by extensive loss of the tooth attachment apparatus. It is the sixth most common human disease and is estimated to affect 11.2% of the global adult population, hence representing a significant healthcare, social, and economic burden. Since the 1990s, multiple epidemiologic, experimental, and interventional studies have evidenced how periodontitis may also impact systemic health and it has been independently associated with the majority of chronic noncommunicable diseases. The evidence supporting these associations, mainly focusing on diabetes, pregnancy complications, and cardiovascular disease, was thoroughly reviewed in 2012 by an international consensus workshop. In the last 5 years, however, important advances have been made, not only in our understanding of the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis, or concerning the mounting evidence regarding the independent associations between periodontitis, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, but also with many other systemic diseases including metabolic disease and obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, certain cancers, respiratory diseases, and cognitive disorders including Alzheimer's disease. This review describes these scientific advances by gathering together the existing evidence on the importance and relevance of the associations between periodontitis and many systemic diseases.
Trust is crucial in lockdown—and beyond
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The BMJ Lockdown is preventing infections and reducing deaths from covid-19.But it brings its own profound consequences for health and wellbeing, as Margaret Douglas and colleagues report this week (doi:10.1136/bmj.m1557).Loss of income and education, unemployment, uncertainty, social isolation, and domestic violence are just some of the emerging negative outcomes of the mass closure of businesses and schools, with disproportionate effect on people with fewer resources and poorer health, they say.The long term harms, including increased social and health inequality, may well dwarf the death toll of covid-19 itself.