tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How Useful Is an Age-Neutral Model of Chronic Kidney Disease?
Authors: Ann M. O’Hare
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Pietro Ravani, MD, PhD; Rob Quinn, MD; Marta Fiocco, MD, PhD; Ping Liu, PhD; Huda Al-Wahsh, PhD; Ngan Lam, MD; Brenda R. Hemmelgarn, MD, PhD; Braden J. Manns, MD, MSc; Matthew T. James, MD, PhD; Yves Joanette, PhD; Marcello Tonelli, MD
Comment on Leelarathna et al. Duration of Hybrid Closed-Loop Insulin Therapy to Achieve Representative Glycemic Outcomes in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2020;43:e38–e39
Authors: Pierre Yves Benhamou, Stéphanie Madrolle, Sandrine Lablanche, Alexandre Gallegos, Yousra Tourki, Sylvia Franc, Maeva Doron, Guillaume Charpentier
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

Leelarathna et al. (1) report a retrospective analysis linking the duration of hybrid closed-loop insulin therapy, using a single algorithm, with the achievement of stable sensor glucose metrics. They found that in adults with type 1 diabetes and baseline HbA1c ≥58 mmol/mol (≥7.5%), it takes 4 weeks to observe representative data for mean glucose and percentage time spent in normoglycemia and hyperglycemia. They also suggest that 6 weeks’ duration may be required for reliable estimates of hypoglycemia and glucose variability. This time may be required for control algorithm individualization and behavioral adaptation.

We looked at the database built during the multicentric trial (WP7) that tested the Diabeloop DBLG1 hybrid closed-loop system in 63 adult patients with type 1 diabetes (baseline …
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A Review of Viral, Host, and Environmental Factors
Authors: Eric A. Meyerowitz, Aaron Richterman, Rajesh T. Gandhi, Paul E. Sax
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread globally in a few short months. Substantial evidence now supports preliminary conclusions about transmission that can inform rational, evidence-based policies and reduce misinformation on this critical topic. This article presents a comprehensive review of the evidence on transmission of this virus. Although several experimental studies have cultured live virus from aerosols and surfaces hours after inoculation, the real-world studies that detect viral RNA in the environment report very low levels, and few have isolated viable virus. Strong evidence from case and cluster reports indicates that respiratory transmission is dominant, with proximity and ventilation being key determinants of transmission risk. In the few cases where direct contact or fomite transmission is presumed, respiratory transmission has not been completely excluded. Infectiousness peaks around a day before symptom onset and declines within a week of symptom onset, and no late linked transmissions (after a patient has had symptoms for about a week) have been documented. The virus has heterogeneous transmission dynamics: Most persons do not transmit virus, whereas some cause many secondary cases in transmission clusters called "superspreading events." Evidence-based policies and practices should incorporate the accumulating knowledge about transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to help educate the public and slow the spread of this virus.
The science and rationale of arriving at the correct drug and dosimetry of griseofulvin, fluconazole, terbinafine and itraconazole in superficial dermatophyte infections: an important step before a pragmatic trial
Authors: K. Sardana, S.R. Mathachan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Linked Article: Singh et al. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:840–846.
Temporal Arteritis Revealing Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitides: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Laure Delaval, Maxime Samson, Flora Schein, Christian Agard, Ludovic Tréfond, Alban Deroux, Henry Dupuy, Cyril Garrouste, Pascal Godmer, Cédric Landron, François Maurier, Guillaume le Guenno, Virginie Rieu, Julien Desblache, Cécile‐Audrey Durel, Laurence Jousselin‐Mahr, Hassan Kassem, Grégory Pugnet, Vivane Queyrel, Laure Swiader, Daniel Blockmans, Karim Sacré, Estibaliz Lazaro, Luc Mouthon, Olivier Aumaître, Pascal Cathébras, Loic Guillevin, Benjamin Terrier
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2020)

Objective Temporal arteritis (TA) is a typical manifestation of giant cell arteritis (GCA). Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitides (AAVs) are rarely revealed by TA manifestations, leading to a risk of misdiagnosis of GCA and inappropriate treatments. This study was undertaken to describe the clinical, biologic, and histologic presentations and outcomes in cases of TA revealing AAV (TA‐AAV) compared to controls with classic GCA. Methods In this retrospective case–control study, the characteristics of patients with TA‐AAV were compared to those of control subjects with classic GCA. Log‐rank test, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), was used to assess the risk of treatment failure. Results Fifty patients with TA‐AAV (median age 70 years) were included. Thirty‐three patients (66%) presented with atypical symptoms of GCA (ear, nose, and throat involvement in 32% of patients, and renal, pulmonary, and neurologic involvement in 26%, 20%, and 16% of patients, respectively). Blood samples were screened for ANCAs at the time of disease onset in 33 patients, and results were positive in 88%, leading to a diagnosis of early TA‐AAV in 20 patients. The diagnosis of AAV was delayed a median interval of 15 months in 30 patients. Compared to controls with GCA, patients with TA‐AAV were younger (median age 70 years versus 74 years), were more frequently men (48% versus 30%), and had high frequencies of atypical manifestations and higher C‐reactive protein levels (median 10.8 mg/dl versus 7.0 mg/dl). In patients with TA‐AAV, temporal artery biopsy (TAB) showed fibrinoid necrosis and small branch vasculitis in 23% of patients each, whereas neither of these characteristics was evident in controls with GCA. Treatment failure–free survival was comparable between early TA‐AAV cases and GCA controls, whereas those with delayed TA‐AAV had a significantly higher risk of treatment failure compared to controls (HR 3.85, 95% CI 1.97–7.51; P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusion TA‐AAV should be considered diagnostically in cases of atypical manifestations of GCA, refractoriness to glucocorticoid treatment, or early relapse. Analysis of TAB specimens for the detection of small branch vasculitis and/or fibrinoid necrosis could be useful. Detection of ANCAs should be performed in cases of suspected GCA with atypical clinical features and/or evidence of temporal artery abnormalities on TAB.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the disease course of patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases: results from the Swiss Clinical Quality Management cohort
Authors: Adrian Ciurea, Eleftherios Papagiannoulis, Kristina Bürki, Isabell von Loga, Raphael Micheroli, Burkhard Möller, Andrea Rubbert-Roth, Michael Andor, René Bräm, Angela Müller, Diana Dan, Diego Kyburz, Oliver Distler, Almut Scherer, Axel Finckh
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

To investigate whether the transient reduction in rheumatology services imposed by virus containment measures during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with disease worsening in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or psoriatic arthritis (PsA).Patient-reported disease activity assessed during face-to-face visits and/or via a smartphone application were compared between three periods of each 2 months duration (before, during and after the COVID-19-wave) from January to June 2020 in 666 patients with axSpA, RA and PsA in the Swiss Clinical Quality Management cohort.The number of consultations dropped by 52%, whereas the number of remote assessments increased by 129%. The proportion of patients with drug non-compliance slightly increased during the pandemic, the difference reaching statistical significance in axSpA (19.9% vs 13.2% before the pandemic, p=0.003). The proportion of patients with disease flares remained stable (<15%). There was no increase in mean values of the Bath Ankylosing Disease Activity Index, the Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Index-5 and the Patient Global Assessment in patients with axSpA, RA and PsA, respectively.A short interruption of in-person patient-rheumatologist interactions had no major detrimental impact on the disease course of axSpA, RA and PsA as assessed by patient-reported outcomes.
Training load monitoring in football: application of field systems in professional male players (PhD Academy Award)
Authors: Vincenzo Rago
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

As a practitioner involved in player’s monitoring, one of my duties was to establish monitoring practices to inform the coaching and sports medicine departments about the training process. In this context, it is important to quantify training load. My PhD examined through an observational design, whether the coaching-prescribed training load (TL) was confounded by match-related contextual variables (study 1),1 whether heart rate testing during a standardised warm-up could be informative of players’ adaptations to training load (study 2)2 and whether the interpretation of training demands differed according to the training load quantification method adopted (study 3),3 as well as which TL quantification method best reflected the rating of perceived effort (study 4),4 respectively.

Recent advances in TL monitoring have helped football coaches and sports medicine departments.5 Players are familiar with wearable TL monitoring technology incorporating global positioning systems, heart rate monitors and rating of perceived effort (RPE) questionnaires, as well as regular …
Beyond genes and transcription factors: A potential mechanism for the pathogenesis of cerebral cavernous malformations
Authors: William A. Muller
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)

In this issue of JEM, Hong et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20200140) identify a major step in the pathogenesis of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs), which at the same time offers insight into potential therapy for this disease.
COVID-19 public health measures and respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: Philip N Britton, Nan Hu, Gemma Saravanos, Jane Shrapnel, Jake Davis, Tom Snelling, Jacqui Dalby-Payne, Alison M Kesson, Nicholas Wood, Kristine Macartney, Cheryl McCullagh, Raghu Lingam
Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2020)
The online anti-vaccine movement in the age of COVID-19
Authors: Talha Burki
Journal: The Lancet Digital Health (2020)

A new report by the Centre for Countering Digital Hate (CCDH) has lambasted social media companies for allowing the anti-vaccine movement to remain on their platforms. The report's authors noted that social media accounts held by so-called anti-vaxxers have increased their following by at least 7·8 million people since 2019. "The decision to continue hosting known misinformation content and actors left online anti-vaxxers ready to pounce on the opportunity presented by coronavirus", stated the report.
Obesity and binge alcohol intake are deadly combination to induce steatohepatitis: A model of high-fat diet and binge ethanol intake
Authors: Seonghwan Hwang, Tianyi Ren, Bin Gao
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2020)

Obesity and binge drinking often coexist and work synergistically to promote steatohepatitis; however, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. In this mini-review, we briefly summarize clinical evidence of the synergistical effect of obesity and heavy drinking on steatohepatitis and discuss the underlying mechanisms obtained from the study of several mouse models. High-fat diet (HFD) feeding and binge ethanol synergistically induced steatohepatitis and fibrosis in mice with significant intrahepatic neutrophil infiltration; such HFD-plus-ethanol treatment markedly up-regulated the hepatic expression of many chemokines with the highest fold (approximately 30-fold) induction of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (Cxcl1), which contributes to hepatic neutrophil infiltration and liver injury. Furthermore, HFD feeding activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma that subsequently inhibited CXCL1 upregulation in hepatocytes, thereby forming a negative feedback loop to prevent neutrophil overaction; whereas binge ethanol blocked this loop and then exacerbated CXCL1 elevation, neutrophil infiltration, and liver injury. Interestingly, inflamed mouse hepatocytes attracted neutrophils less effectively than inflamed human hepatocytes due to the lower induction of CXCL1 and the lack of the interleukin (IL)-8 gene in the mouse genome, which may be one of the reasons for difficulty in development of mouse models of alcoholic steatohepatitis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Hepatic overexpression of Cxcl1 and/or IL-8 promoted steatosis-to-NASH progression in HFD-fed mice by inducing neutrophil infiltration, oxidative stress, hepatocyte death, fibrosis, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Collectively, obesity and binge drinking synergistically promote steatohepatitis via the induction of CXCL1 and subsequent hepatic neutrophil infiltration.
Are We RESPECTing Older Patients With Breast Cancer?
Authors: Evandro de Azambuja, Noam Pondé, Richard D. Gelber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

A shift has occurred in the demographics of patients with cancer, with oncology providers caring for increasing numbers of older patients.In the United States, an estimated 31% of breast cancers (BC) are diagnosed in patients who are age 70 years or older. 1 Older patients differ from their younger counterparts in several aspects, including in the frequency and number of comorbidities, regular use of medications, possible limitation to independent function, and, critically, personal priorities when making decisions regarding treatment. 2As a result of comorbidities, older patients may have a shorter expected survival time and/or poor quality of life (QoL) that should be considered when discussing treatment. 3In addition, the impact of therapy on comorbidities and functionality should be carefully considered: Some older patients might choose to maintain their present independence, not compromised by potentially toxic treatment, over a greater chance of being alive in 5 to 10 years.5][6] In 2020, despite substantial efforts by the International Society of Geriatric Oncology, ASCO, and the European Society for Medical Oncology, this situation has only been partially remedied.Studies that focus on this underserved population, therefore, are of high scientific, public health, and social value.
Association of Early-Life Adversity With Measures of Accelerated Biological Aging Among Children in China
Authors: Ying Sun, Jiao Fang, Yuhui Wan, Puyu Su, Fangbiao Tao
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> A growing body of literature suggests that exposure to early-life adversity (ELA) is associated with accelerated biological aging, offering 1 mechanism through which ELA may be associated with an increased risk for age-related disease. These investigations, however, have been predominantly cross-sectional and focused on adults and females. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate associations of threat-related (ie, physical abuse) and deprivation-related (ie, emotional neglect) ELA exposure with cellular and reproductive strategy metrics of biological aging among boys and girls with specific genetic backgrounds around the period of pubertal onset. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> In this cohort study, 997 boys and girls in grade 1 to grade 3 from 3 large elementary schools were recruited from Bengbu, Anhui Province, China, and were followed up from March 21, 2016 (baseline; wave 1), for 4 consecutive years, through March 25, 2019. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The outcome was accelerated biological aging in both cellular and reproductive strategy metrics: telomere attrition and age at thelarche (for girls) and testicular maturation (for boys). Multi-informant assessment of exposure to threat-related and deprivation-related ELA was done at baseline (wave 1) and 1-year follow-up (wave 2). The polygenic risk score (PRS) was computed based on 17 single-nucleotide variations for early pubertal timing. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 997 participants (579 girls [58.1%]; mean [SD] age at baseline, 8.0 [0.8] years), 550 (55.2%) reported exposure to threat-related ELA and 443 (44.4%) reported exposure to deprivation-related ELA. Threat-related ELA was associated with onset of thelarche 2.6 months earlier and deprivation-related ELA with onset of thelarche 3.3 months earlier in exposed girls than in unexposed peers; these associations were observed only among girls with a low PRS. Among boys, a similar pattern was found. Threat-related ELA was associated with testicular volume of 4 mL or more 1.4 months earlier and deprivation-related ELA was associated with testicular volume of 4 mL or more 2.3 months earlier than in unexposed peers but only among those with a low PRS. Boys and girls with greater exposure to threats showed a significantly higher percentage of telomere length change during 1-year follow-up, but only among those with low PRS (boys: β = 1.50; 95% CI, 0.80-2.21;<i>P</i> &lt; .001; girls: β = 2.40; 95% CI, 1.78-3.05;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and moderate PRS (boys: β = 1.09; 95% CI, 0.43-1.75;<i>P</i> = .001; and girls: β = 1.27; 95% CI, 0.77-1.77;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). No associations of deprivation-related ELA with percentage of telomere length change were found. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This study suggests that the accelerating association of ELA with biological aging might occur at an earlier age and in a genetic background–dependent and dimension-specific manner.
Abstract 10083: The Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin in Women and Men With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Insights From The DECLARE-TIMI 58 Trial
Authors: Michelle L O’Donoghue, Eri T Kato, Ofri Mosenzon, Sabina A Murphy, Avivit Cahn, Marisol H Marmolejo, Tsvetalina Tankova, Alena Smahelova, Piera A Merlini, Ingrid A Gause-nilsson, Anna Maria Langkilde, Darren K. K McGuire, John Wilding, Lawrence A Leiter, Deepak L Bhatt, Itamar Raz, Marc S Sabatine, Stephen D Wiviott
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Women remain underrepresented in clinical trials and at high risk for CV events in type 2 DM (T2DM). The SGLT-2 inhibitor dapagliflozin (DAPA) reduces CV death or HF hospitalizations ...
Adipose Tissue Ceramides Reduces Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxation, Amplifies Vascular Oxidative Stress & Induces Systemic Inflammation Ultimately Leading To Death In Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: N Akawi, A Checa, I Akoumianakis, M Margaritis, C P Kotanidis, E Daskalakis, H Kondo, K M Channon, C Wheelock, C Antoniades
Journal: Circulation (2019)
Change the Trainee, or Change the Training Environment?
Authors: Colin Sue-Chue-Lam
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Elastin-like polypeptide modified silk fibroin porous scaffold promotes osteochondral repair
Authors: Zhuoyue Chen, Qiang Zhang, Hongmin Li, Qi Wei, Xin Zhao, Fulin Chen
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2020)

Silk fibroin (SF) is considered biocompatible and biodegradable for osteochondral repair. However, it lacks a bioactive domain for cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, limiting its therapeutic efficacy. To revamp SF as a biomimicking and bioactive microenvironment to regulate cell behaviours, we engineered an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP, Val-Pro-Gly-Xaa-Gly) to modify SF fibers via simple and green dehydrothermal (DHT) treatment. Our results demonstrated that the ELP successfully bound to SF, and the scaffold was reinforced by the fusion of the silk fiber intersections with ELP (S-ELP-DHT) via the DHT treatment. Both bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and chondrocytes exhibited improved spreading and proliferation on the S-ELP-DHT scaffolds. The ex vivo and in vivo experiments further demonstrated enhanced mature bone and cartilage tissue formation using the S-ELP-DHT scaffolds compared to the naked SF scaffolds. These results indicated that a recombinant ELP-modified silk scaffold can mimic three-dimensional (3D) cell microenvironment, and improve bone and cartilage regeneration. We envision that our scaffolds have huge clinical potential for osteochondral repair.
Comments Confirm That Student Health Surveillance Needs Ethics Guidelines to Act on Risk-Cluster Findings
Authors: Arnold H. Levinson, M. Franci Crepeau-Hobson, Jacqueline Glover, Marilyn E. Coors, Daniel S. Goldberg, Matthew K. Wynia
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2020)

In this issue, we report on an ethical challenge arising from the chance discovery of a suicidality cluster in a middle school that participated in an anonymous student health survey (Levinson et a...
Versatile Types of Cyclodextrin‐Based Nucleic Acid Delivery Systems
Authors: Chen Xu, Bingran Yu, Yu Qi, Nana Zhao, Fu‐Jian Xu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Nowadays, nucleic acid therapy has become a promising way for the treatment of various malignant diseases. Cyclodextrin (CD)‐based nucleic acid delivery systems have attracted widespread attention due to the favorable chemical structures and excellent biological properties of CD. Recently, a variety of CD‐based nucleic acid delivery systems has been designed according to the different functions of CD for flexible gene therapies. In this review, the construction strategies and biomedical applications of CD‐based nucleic acid delivery systems are mainly focused on. The review begins with an introduction to the synthesis and properties of simple CD‐grafted polycations. Thereafter, CD‐related supramolecular assemblies based on different guest components are discussed in detail. Finally, different CD‐based organic/inorganic nanohybrids and their relevant functions are demonstrated. It is hoped that this brief review will motivate the delicate design of CD‐based nucleic acid delivery systems for potential clinical applications.