tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A newly designed duodenoscope with detachable distal cap significantly reduces organic residue contamination after reprocessing
Authors: Wiriyaporn Ridtitid, Piyapoom Pakvisal, Tanittha Chatsuwan, Stephen J. Kerr, Kasenee Tiankanon, Panida Piyachaturawat, Parit Mekaroonkamol, Pradermchai Kongkam, Rungsun Rerknimitr
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Background A newly designed duodenoscope with detachable distal cap may reduce bacterial contamination by allowing better access to the elevator. We compared bacterial contamination and organic residue evaluated by rapid adenosine triphosphate (ATP) test and culture from duodenoscopes with detachable vs. fixed distal caps after high-level disinfection (HLD). Methods During December 2018–April 2019, 108 used newly designed duodenoscopes were enrolled. In group A (n = 54), the distal cap of the duodenoscope was detached before manual cleaning. In group B (n = 54), the distal cap was not detached. After HLD, samples were collected from the elevator, submitted for culture, and evaluated using the ATP test, using the cutoff value of 40 relative light units (RLUs). Results After HLD, the proportion of potential bacterial contamination and organic residue in group A was significantly lower than in group B (37.0 % vs. 75.9 %; P &lt; 0.001; relative risk 0.49, 95 % confidence interval 0.33–0.71), and also confirmed by median ATP values (45.2 vs. 141.0 RLU; P &lt; 0.001). In group B, one sample culture was positive for nonpathogenic bacteria. Pathogenic bacteria were not found in any culture from either group. Conclusions The detachable distal cap was more effective at eliminating bacterial contamination and reducing organic residue than a fixed cap. Nonpathogenic bacteria were detected in the fixed cap group after reprocessing. The ATP test with 40 RLU cutoff is a practical method to ensure the cleanliness of duodenoscope reprocessing without the need to wait for bacterial culture results.
How to manage travel fatigue and jet lag in athletes? A systematic review of interventions
Authors: Dina C(Christa) Janse van Rensburg, Audrey Jansen van Rensburg, Peter Fowler, Hugh Fullagar, David Stevens, Shona Halson, Amy Bender, Grace Vincent, Amanda Claassen-Smithers, Ian Dunican, Gregory Daniel Roach, Charli Sargent, Michele Lastella, Tanita Cronje
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

Objectives We investigated the management of travel fatigue and jet lag in athlete populations by evaluating studies that have applied non-pharmacological interventions (exercise, sleep, light and nutrition), and pharmacological interventions (melatonin, sedatives, stimulants, melatonin analogues, glucocorticoids and antihistamines) following long-haul transmeridian travel-based, or laboratory-based circadian system phase-shifts. Design Systematic review Eligibility criteria Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), and non-RCTs including experimental studies and observational studies, exploring interventions to manage travel fatigue and jet lag involving actual travel-based or laboratory-based phase-shifts. Studies included participants who were athletes, except for interventions rendering no athlete studies, then the search was expanded to include studies on healthy populations. Data sources Electronic searches in PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Google Scholar and SPORTDiscus from inception to March 2019. We assessed included articles for risk of bias, methodological quality, level of evidence and quality of evidence. Results Twenty-two articles were included: 8 non-RCTs and 14 RCTs. No relevant travel fatigue papers were found. For jet lag, only 12 athlete-specific studies were available (six non-RCTs, six RCTs). In total (athletes and healthy populations), 11 non-pharmacological studies (participants 600; intervention group 290; four non-RCTs, seven RCTs) and 11 pharmacological studies (participants 1202; intervention group 870; four non-RCTs, seven RCTs) were included. For non-pharmacological interventions, seven studies across interventions related to actual travel and four to simulated travel. For pharmacological interventions, eight studies were based on actual travel and three on simulated travel. Conclusions We found no literature pertaining to the management of travel fatigue. Evidence for the successful management of jet lag in athletes was of low quality. More field-based studies specifically on athlete populations are required with a multifaceted approach, better design and implementation to draw valid conclusions. PROSPERO registration number The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42019126852).
The economical impact of subcutaneous amifostine in the Kaiser Permanente health care system
Authors: R. Wang, J. Hastings, M. A. Tome
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

18526 Background: We have previously shown that Subcutaneous amifostine (SQ A) was safe and effective in decreasing the early and late complications of patients (PTS) treated with radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for head and neck cancer (HNC). We have further observed that the QOL is better for many PTS treated with SQ A compared with historical controls (HC). Although we believe we cannot put a price on QOL, we hypothesized that the use of SQ A could result in cost savings to our institution because of the observed decrease in treatment-related complications. Methods: From May 2001 to October 2004, we treated 52 consecutive HNC PTS with RT or CRT and daily SQ A. PTS treated in our SQ A protocol received 500 mg of SQ A at least 30 minutes prior to daily RT. In order to be included in our present study, SQ A PTS had to have completed at least 80% of the prescribed SQ A dose. These PTS were then matched with HC based on age, sex, stage, primary site, smoking status, co-morbidiites, and treatment (RT or CRT). Fourteen PTS treated with SQ A (SQ A Group) were successfully matched with HC (Control Group). The entire costs of these 28 PTS to our institution (including the cost of SQ A) was obtained using our Management Accounting and Analysis database. Cost data was obtained at 6 months and 12 months after the completion of treatment. The median follow-up is 18 months (range 12–31). The economical impact of SQ A on xerostomia and dental care were not addressed in this study. Results: Ten PTS received RT and 18 received CRT. At 6 months of follow-up, the total cost for the Control Group was $196,789 versus $211,711 for the SQ A Group (p= 0.59). At 12 months, the total cost in the Control Group and SQ A Group were $287,594 and $275,654 respectively (p = 0.51). Within the SQ A Group, the cost was lowest in PTS who had never smoked or had a remote (&gt;5 years) smoking history (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: This study primarily addresses one of SQ A’s cytoprotective properties, mucositis. Our analysis suggests that we were able to offset the cost of SQ A in most PTS because of fewer complications observed in this group. The cost benefit of SQ A appears to be greater at 12 months vs. 6 months after treatment, suggesting continued cytoprotection. QOL is better in the SQ A Group. We plan to continue to follow these PTS and accrue new ones in a prospective fashion. [Table: see text]
Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation Versus Bortezomib-Melphalan-Prednisone for Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: Second Interim Analysis of the Phase 3 EMN02/HO95 Study
Authors: Michele Cavo, Roman Hájek, Lucia Pantani, Meral Beksac, Stefania Oliva, Luca Dozza, Hans Erik Johnsen, Maria Teresa Petrucci, Ulf-Henrik Mellqvist, Concetta Conticello, Christoph Driessen, Giulia Marzocchi, Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Sonja Zweegman, Ka Lung Wu, Barbara Gamberi, Claudia Crippa, Bronno van der Holt, Massimo Offidani, Ruth Wester, Iolanda Donatella Vincelli, Rossella Troia, Petra Cornelisse, Mario Boccadoro, Pieter Sonneveld
Journal: Blood (2017)
Study of Coagulation and Platelets Response in An Open Label Randomised Non Treatment and Active Controlled (Dalteparin, Ximelagatran and DU- 176b) in 4 Groups of Elderly Healthy Subjects
Authors: Michel Meyer Samama, Satoshi Kunitada, A. Oursin, Francois Depasse, Nazneen Haque
Journal: Blood (2008)
Phase 1 and pharmacokinetic study of weekly docosahexaenoic acid-paclitaxel (Taxoprexin) in resistant solid tumor malignancies
Authors: P. M. Fracasso, R. Govindan, M. J. Ellis, B. R. Tan, G. P. Linette, J. Picus, S. A. Goodner, S. Jones, R. E. Bellet, H. A. Burris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

2036 Background: Docosahexaenoic acid-paclitaxel (DHAP) is a covalent conjugate of paclitaxel and the essential fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid. Preclinical studies have demonstrated increased activity relative to paclitaxel with the potential for an improved therapeutic ratio. We performed a phase 1 and pharmacokinetics (PK) study of DHAP in patients with resistant solid tumor malignancies. Methods: Patients were treated with DHAP administered by 2-hour intravenous infusion weekly for three out of four weeks. Dose escalation started at DHAP 200 mg/m 2 and was increased by 100 mg/m 2 per dose level ending at 600 mg/m 2 . Blood samples for PK of DHAP and paclitaxel derived from DHAP were collected in cycle 1 at 0 (prior to the start of the infusion), 2 (prior to the end of the infusion), 3, 4, 9, 26 hours and just prior to the next weekly treatment on days 8, 15 and 29. Results: Twenty-one patients enrolled and received 39 cycles of treatment (mean = 2). Three patients received DHAP at 200 mg/m 2 (dose level 1), four at 300 mg/m 2 (dose level 2), three at 400 mg/m 2 (dose level 3) and 500 mg/m 2 (dose level 4) each, and eight at 600 mg/m 2 (dose level 5). In cycle 1, grade 2/3 neutropenia resulted in treatment delays for 8 patients, 6 of whom received treatment at dose level 4 and 5. Two of the 8 patients, treated with DHAP 600 mg/m 2 , went on to experience grade 4 neutropenia lasting &lt; five days on later cycles. Only one patient had grade 2 sensory neuropathy, which occurred after 3 cycles of treatment. Preliminary PK analyses on all patients demonstrated that there is not a substantial accumulation of DHAP or paclitaxel with weekly treatment. Detailed PK analyses will be presented. Eighteen of the 21 patients were evaluable for response. Three patients, one each with esophageal and lung carcinoma and melanoma, had stable disease for 11, 16, and 17 weeks, respectively. Conclusions: DHAP administered weekly at 600 mg/m 2 was well-tolerated and the maximum dose administered in this study. The slow release of paclitaxel from DHAP and the weekly schedule approximates continuous infusion paclitaxel which should be more active than every 3 week or weekly taxanes. Further studies with DHAP in non-small cell lung carcinoma and melanoma are on-going. [Table: see text]
Surface applicator high-dose-rate fractionated brachytherapy for superficial cancers of the penis: A single-center case series and national database comparison
Authors: Edward Christopher Dee, Maia Fefer, Lubna Hammoudeh, Zizi Yu, Jonathan M. Cantalino, Thomas J. Johnson, Desmond A. O'Farrell, Ai-Tram N. Bui, Vinayak Muralidhar, Brandon A. Mahal, Paul L. Nguyen, Nicole R. LeBoeuf, Phillip M. Devlin
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Obstetrician who was suspended for 21 months is allowed back to work under supervision
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

An NHS locum registrar in obstetrics and gynaecology who internally examined a patient so roughly that she reported him to the police has been allowed to return to work under supervision, after 21 months suspended from the UK medical register.

A medical practitioners tribunal in 2018 found Abdelkarim Mohamed, 68, guilty of misconduct in the cases of three pregnant patients. Twice in one day during June 2016 at Northampton General Hospital, the tribunal found, …
Biological and clinical significance of dysplastic hematopoiesis in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Catarina Maia, Noemi Puig, Maria-Teresa Cedena, Ibai Goicoechea, Rafael Valdes-Mas, Iria Vazquez, Maria-Carmen Chillon, Paula Aguirre, Sarai Sarvide, Francisco Javier Gracia-Aznárez, Gorka Alkorta, Maria-Jose Calasanz, Ramon Garcia-Sanz, Marcos Gonzalez, Norma C. Gutierrez, Joaquin Martinez-Lopez, José J. Perez, Juana Merino, Cristina Moreno, Leire Burgos, Diego Alignani, Cirino Botta, Felipe Prosper, Sergio Matarraz, Alberto Orfao, Albert Oriol, Ana-Isabel Teruel, Raquel de Paz, Felipe de Arriba, Miguel T. Hernandez, Luis Palomera, Rafael Martinez, Laura Rosiñol, Maria-Victoria Mateos, Juan-Jose Lahuerta, Joan Blade, Jesus F. San Miguel, Bruno Paiva
Journal: Blood (2020)
What’s happening in covid-19 ICUs? An intensive care doctor answers some common questions
Authors: Abi Rimmer, Emma Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (2020)

How has it been possible to significantly increase the number of intensive care beds?Intensive care can't be provided anywhere except in the intensive care unit (ICU) unless it's purely on a temporary basis.In order to increase capacity during the current pandemic we have had to look at other areas of the hospital where we could safely provide this high level of care.This has led to the postponement of non-urgent surgery to liberate space, staff, and equipment.Anaesthetists have many skills that are transferable to support the care of the critically ill.We've also developed a rapid induction programme, with the Royal College of Surgeons, to help train other specialists to help.There has been a dramatic change in the way we normally work, necessitating a move away from 1:1 nurse:patient ratios.
Antigen-responsive CD4+ T cell clones contribute to the HIV-1 latent reservoir
Authors: Pilar Mendoza, Julia R. Jackson, Thiago Y. Oliveira, Christian Gaebler, Victor Ramos, Marina Caskey, Mila Jankovic, Michel C. Nussenzweig, Lillian B. Cohn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)

Antiretroviral therapy suppresses but does not cure HIV-1 infection due to the existence of a long-lived reservoir of latently infected cells. The reservoir has an estimated half-life of 44 mo and is largely composed of clones of infected CD4+ T cells. The long half-life appears to result in part from expansion and contraction of infected CD4+ T cell clones. However, the mechanisms that govern this process are poorly understood. To determine whether the clones might result from and be maintained by exposure to antigen, we measured responses of reservoir cells to a small subset of antigens from viruses that produce chronic or recurrent infections. Despite the limited panel of test antigens, clones of antigen-responsive CD4+ T cells containing defective or intact latent proviruses were found in seven of eight individuals studied. Thus, chronic or repeated exposure to antigen may contribute to the longevity of the HIV-1 reservoir by stimulating the clonal expansion of latently infected CD4+ T cells.
Sex-Specific Role for the Long Non-coding RNA LINC00473 in Depression
Authors: Orna Issler, Yentl Y van der Zee, Aarthi Ramakrishnan, Junshi Wang, Chunfeng Tan, Yong-Hwee E Loh, Immanuel Purushothaman, Deena M Walker, Zachary S Lorsch, Peter J Hamilton, Catherine J Peña, Erin Flaherty, Brigham J Hartley, Angélica Torres-Berrío, Eric M Parise, Hope Kronman, Julia E Duffy, Molly S Estill, Erin S Calipari, Benoit Labonté, Rachael L Neve, Carol A Tamminga, Kristen J Brennand, Yan Dong, Li Shen, Eric J Nestler
Journal: Neuron (2020)
Experimental dyspnoea interferes with locomotion and cognition: a randomised trial
Authors: David Lawi, Elise Dupuis-Lozeron, Gregory Berra, Gilles Allali, Thomas Similowski, Dan Adler
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Background Chronic respiratory diseases are associated with cognitive dysfunction, but whether dyspnoea by itself negatively impacts on cognition has not been demonstrated. Cortical networks engaged in subjects experiencing dyspnoea are also activated during other tasks that require cognitive input and this may provoke a negative impact through interference with each other. Methods This randomised, crossover trial investigated whether experimentally-induced dyspnoea would negatively impact on locomotion and cognitive function among 40 healthy adults. Crossover conditions were unloaded breathing or loaded breathing using an inspiratory threshold load. To evaluate locomotion, participants were assessed by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Cognitive function was assessed by categorical and phonemic verbal fluency tests, the Trail Making Tests (TMTs) A and B (executive function), the CODE test from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)-IV (processing speed) and by direct and indirect digit span (working memory). Results The mean time difference to perform the TUG test between unloaded and loaded breathing was −0.752 s (95% CI −1.012 to −0.492 s) (p&lt;0.001). Executive function, processing speed and working memory performed better during unloaded breathing, particularly for subjects starting first with the loaded breathing condition. Conclusion Our data suggest that respiratory threshold loading to elicit dyspnoea had a major impact on locomotion and cognitive function in healthy adults.
Outcome of Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) with Multiple ABL1 Kinase Domain Mutations during Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy.
Authors: Alfonso Quintas-Cardama, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Gautam Borthakur, Stefan Faderl, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, William G. Wierda, Elizabeth M Burton, Jorge Cortes
Journal: Blood (2008)
Extracellular vesicles as drug delivery systems: Why and how?
Authors: Omnia M. Elsharkasy, Joel Z. Nordin, Daniel W. Hagey, Olivier G. de Jong, Raymond M. Schiffelers, Samir EL Andaloussi, Pieter Vader
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2020)

Over the past decades, a multitude of synthetic drug delivery systems has been developed and introduced to the market. However, applications of such systems are limited due to inefficiency, cytotoxicity and/or immunogenicity. At the same time, the field of natural drug carrier systems has grown rapidly. One of the most prominent examples of such natural carriers are extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are cell-derived membranous particles which play important roles in intercellular communication. EVs possess a number of characteristics that qualify them as promising vehicles for drug delivery. In order to take advantage of these attributes, an in-depth understanding of why EVs are such unique carrier systems and how we can exploit their qualities is pivotal. Here, we review unique EV features that are relevant for drug delivery and highlight emerging strategies to make use of those features for drug loading and targeted delivery.
SLE, hydroxychloroquine and no SLE patients with COVID-19: a comment
Authors: Beuy Joob, Viroj Wiwanitkit
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Inter-relationship between covid-19 and rheumatic diseases is an interesting topic in clinical rheumatology. We found that article ‘Clinical course of COVID-19 in a series of patients with chronic arthritis treated with immunosuppressive targeted therapies’ is informative. Monti et al suggested for ‘avoiding the unjustifiable preventive withdrawal of DMARDs, which could lead to an increased risk of relapses and morbidity from the chronic rheumatological condition’ . …
NK Cells Contribute Significantly to the Innate Immune Effector Role of CD37-Specific SMIP in CLL and NHL.
Authors: Xiaobin B. Zhao, Joshi Trupti, Rosa Lapalombella, Carolyn Cheney, Aruna Gowda, Martha S. Hayden-Ledbetter, Peter R. Baum, Thomas S. Lin, David Jarjoura, Amy Lehman, Robert J. Lee, Michael A. Caligiuri, Susheela Tridandapani, Natarajan Muthusamy, John C. Byrd
Journal: Blood (2006)
VSV-Displayed HIV-1 Envelope Identifies Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Class-Switched to IgG and IgA
Authors: Manxue Jia, Rachel A. Liberatore, Yicheng Guo, Kun-Wei Chan, Ruimin Pan, Hong Lu, Eric Waltari, Eva Mittler, Kartik Chandran, Andrés Finzi, Daniel E. Kaufmann, Michael S. Seaman, David D. Ho, Lawrence Shapiro, Zizhang Sheng, Xiang-Peng Kong, Paul D. Bieniasz, Xueling Wu
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2020)

The HIV-1 envelope (Env) undergoes conformational changes during infection. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are typically isolated by using soluble Env trimers, which do not capture all Env states. To address these limitations, we devised a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based probe to display membrane-embedded Env trimers and isolated five bNAbs from two chronically infected donors, M4008 and M1214. Donor B cell receptor (BCR) repertoires identified two bNAb lineages, M4008_N1 and M1214_N1, that class-switched to immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA. Variants of these bNAbs reconstituted as IgA demonstrated broadly neutralizing activity, and the IgA fraction of M1214 plasma conferred neutralization. M4008_N1 epitope mapping revealed a glycan-independent V3 epitope conferring tier 2 virus neutralization. A 4.86-Å-resolution cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of M1214_N1 complexed with CH505 SOSIP revealed another elongated epitope, the V2V5 corridor, extending from V2 to V5. Overall, the VSVENV probe identified bNAb lineages with neutralizing IgG and IgA members targeting distinct sites of HIV-1 Env vulnerability.
Plasmacytoid lymphocytes in <scp>SARS‐CoV</scp>‐2 infection (Covid‐19)
Authors: David Foldes, Richard Hinton, Siamak Arami, Barbara J. Bain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2020)

A 59-year-old man with no known past medical history presented to the emergency department with dyspnea, abdominal pain and malaise. Clinical assessment revealed hypoxia with bibasal crepitations on chest auscultation. A chest radiograph showed extensive bilateral air space opacification involving all zones. He was hospitalized with suspicion of infection with the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, later proven by positive RT-PCR. Blood tests showed multi-organ failure with deranged liver function tests (alkaline phosphatase 611 IU/L, alanine aminotransferase 208 IU/L, gamma-glutamyl transferase 435 IU/L), acute kidney injury (serum creatinine 197 μmol/L), and raised inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein 137 mg/L, ferritin 3303 μg/L). His blood count showed a hemoglobin concentration of 109 g/L, platelet count of 921 × 109/L and total white cell count of 9.8 × 109/L with a neutrophil count of 8.5 × 109/L, and a lymphopenia of 0.9 × 109/L. His blood film showed atypical lymphocytes that appeared reactive. Prominent among these were lymphoplasmacytoid lymphocytes with an eccentric nucleus, deeply basophilic cytoplasm and a prominent paranuclear hof (top and bottom left, ×100 objective). Lymphocytes with prominent cytoplasmic inclusions (Mott cells) were also seen (bottom right). The patient was treated with supplementary high-flow oxygen, intravenous antibiotics and intravenous fluids. He recovered and became oxygen-independent on day 9 post-admission, and was discharged on day 10. The newly emerged pandemic caused by this novel coronavirus presents a challenge to health services across the world. In studies reported from China, lymphopenia was observed in 72 and 85% of patients1, 2 with reduced numbers of T cells (CD4-positive and CD8-positive), B cells and natural killer (NK) cells.1 A favorable clinical course correlated with an increasing lymphocyte count and improvements in B cell numbers and CD8-positive T cell numbers; multivariate analysis showed an adverse significance of reduced B cells, reduced CD8-positive T cells and an increased CD4/CD8 ratio during the course of the illness.1 Northwick Park Hospital has so far admitted more than 300 patients with Covid-19. In our experience, the lymphocyte features illustrated above are common in blood films of patients presenting to hospital with clinically significant Covid-19. The observation of plasmacytoid lymphocytes supports a provisional clinical diagnosis of this condition. The authors state there are no conflicts of interest.
Afatinib (A) vs gefitinib (G) in patients (pts) with EGFR mutation-positive (EGFRm+) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): overall survival (OS) data from the phase IIb trial LUX-Lung 7 (LL7) (Conference Abstract)
Authors: Luis Paz-Ares, Eng-Huat Tan, L. Zhang, Vera Hirsh, Ken O'Byrne, and other
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)