tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Essential Components of a Public Health Tuberculosis Prevention, Control, and Elimination Program: Recommendations of the Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis and the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association
Authors: Barbara Cole, Diana M. Nilsen, Lorna Will, Sue C. Etkind, Marcos Burgos, Terence Chorba
Journal: MMWR Recommendations and Reports (2020)

This report provides an introduction and reference tool for tuberculosis (TB) controllers regarding the essential components of a public health program to prevent, control, and eliminate TB. The Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis and the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association recommendations in this report update those previously published (Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis. Essential components of a tuberculosis prevention and control program. Recommendations of the Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis. MMWR Recomm Rep 1995;44[No. RR-11]). The report has been written collaboratively on the basis of experience and expert opinion on approaches to organizing programs engaged in diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and surveillance for TB at state and local levels.This report reemphasizes the importance of well-established priority strategies for TB prevention and control: identification of and completion of treatment for persons with active TB disease; finding and screening persons who have had contact with TB patients; and screening, testing, and treatment of other selected persons and populations at high risk for latent TB infection (LTBI) and subsequent active TB disease.Health departments are responsible for public safety and population health. To meet their responsibilities, TB control programs should institute or ensure completion of numerous responsibilities and activities described in this report: preparing and maintaining an overall plan and policy for TB control; maintaining a surveillance system; collecting and analyzing data; participating in program evaluation and research; prioritizing TB control efforts; ensuring access to recommended laboratory and radiology tests; identifying, managing, and treating contacts and other persons at high risk for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection; managing persons who have TB disease or who are being evaluated for TB disease; providing TB training and education; and collaborating in the coordination of patient care and other TB control activities. Descriptions of CDC-funded resources, tests for evaluation of persons with TB or LTBI, and treatment regimens for LTBI are provided (Supplementary Appendices; https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/90289).
Segmentation in Non–Small Cell Lung Tumors Using 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Germán Andrés Jiménez Londoño, Julián Pérez-Beteta, Jesús J. Bosque, Antonio Fancisco Honguero-Martinez, Ana Maria García Vicente
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract The assessment of tumor parameters derived from 18 F-FDG PET/CT in oncology provides valuable information in non–small cell lung cancer. A proper segmentation should delineate tumor with high accuracy, being the most important step to measure metabolic parameters. However, there is still no consensus about the optimal methodology. Additionally, some clinical conditions inherently tied to tumor and imaging can limit the proper tumor delineation. We present some practical cases that represent different aspects to consider during segmentation of primary non–small cell lung cancer by using 18 F-FDG-PET/CT and some possible solutions to tackle with the most common limitations in clinical practice.
Age-Related Differences in Nasopharyngeal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Levels in Patients With Mild to Moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Taylor Heald-Sargent, William J. Muller, Xiaotian Zheng, Jason Rippe, Ami B. Patel, Larry K. Kociolek
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

This cohort study investigates age-related differences in nasopharyngeal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) levels in patients with mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Loss of decay-accelerating factor triggers podocyte injury and glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Andrea Angeletti, Chiara Cantarelli, Astgik Petrosyan, Sofia Andrighetto, Kelly Budge, Vivette D. D’Agati, Susan Hartzell, Deborah Malvi, Chiara Donadei, Joshua M. Thurman, Danica Galešić-Ljubanović, John Cijiang He, Wenzhen Xiao, Kirk N. Campbell, Jenny Wong, Clara Fischman, Joaquin Manrique, Gianluigi Zaza, Enrico Fiaccadori, Gaetano La Manna, Miguel Fribourg, Jeremy Leventhal, Stefano Da Sacco, Laura Perin, Peter S. Heeger, Paolo Cravedi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)

Kidney glomerulosclerosis commonly progresses to end-stage kidney failure, but pathogenic mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here, we show that podocyte expression of decay-accelerating factor (DAF/CD55), a complement C3 convertase regulator, crucially controls disease in murine models of adriamycin (ADR)-induced focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic glomerulosclerosis. ADR induces enzymatic cleavage of DAF from podocyte surfaces, leading to complement activation. C3 deficiency or prevention of C3a receptor (C3aR) signaling abrogates disease despite DAF deficiency, confirming complement dependence. Mechanistic studies show that C3a/C3aR ligations on podocytes initiate an autocrine IL-1β/IL-1R1 signaling loop that reduces nephrin expression, causing actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. Uncoupling IL-1β/IL-1R1 signaling prevents disease, providing a causal link. Glomeruli of patients with FSGS lack DAF and stain positive for C3d, and urinary C3a positively correlates with the degree of proteinuria. Together, our data indicate that the development and progression of glomerulosclerosis involve loss of podocyte DAF, triggering local, complement-dependent, IL-1β-induced podocyte injury, potentially identifying new therapeutic targets.
A Single Immunization with Nucleoside-Modified mRNA Vaccines Elicits Strong Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 in Mice
Authors: Dorottya Laczkó, Michael J. Hogan, Sushila A. Toulmin, Philip Hicks, Katlyn Lederer, Brian T. Gaudette, Diana Castaño, Fatima Amanat, Hiromi Muramatsu, Thomas H. Oguin, Amrita Ojha, Lizhou Zhang, Zekun Mu, Robert Parks, Tomaz B. Manzoni, Brianne Roper, Shirin Strohmeier, István Tombácz, Leslee Arwood, Raffael Nachbagauer, Katalin Karikó, Jack Greenhouse, Laurent Pessaint, Maciel Porto, Tammy Putman-Taylor, Amanda Strasbaugh, Tracey-Ann Campbell, Paulo J.C. Lin, Ying K. Tam, Gregory D. Sempowski, Michael Farzan, Hyeryun Choe, Kevin O. Saunders, Barton F. Haynes, Hanne Andersen, Laurence C. Eisenlohr, Drew Weissman, Florian Krammer, Paul Bates, David Allman, Michela Locci, Norbert Pardi
Journal: Immunity (2020)
PET Imaging of a Unique Case of Multiple Myeloma in an Adolescent
Authors: Larry A. Binkovitz, Samuel L. Sutton, Martha Q. Lacy
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Pediatric solitary plasmacytomas are extremely rare, with only 14 cases previously reported. None of these reports included PET imaging findings. We present PET/CT and PET/MRI imaging findings in a 15-year-old boy with what was initially thought to be a solitary plasmacytoma, which later developed into multiple myeloma. The initial PET/CT of solitary plasmacytoma, as well as postradiotherapy PET/MRI findings with the new lesions suggestive of multiple myeloma, are presented.
AB0113 ANTIBODIES AGAINST HELICOBACTER PYLORI ANTIGENS IN PATIENTS WITH PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS AND PSORIASIS
Authors: E. Patrikiou, G. Efthymiou, C. Liaskos, N. Ntavari, E. Zfiriou, T. Simopoulou, T. Scheper, W. Meyer, A. Roussaki-Schulze, D. Bogdanos
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: Psoriasis (Ps) and Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) are inflammatory diseases of unknown etiology. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection has been hypothesized as one of the microbial agents that can lead to development of immune-mediated psoriatic disease, but the nature of the specific Hp antigens involved remains unclear. Objectives: To asses antigen specific antibody responses against immunodominant Hp antigens in patients with psoriatic diseases. Methods: Ninety-one patients with Ps (35 females; median age 51.9, age range 25-87), 47 patients with PsA (25 females; median age 52.9, age range 25-87) and 60 demographically matched healthy controls (HC) were studied. Reactivity to Hp-specific antigens were tested by Western immunoblotting (in combination with line immunoassay for anti-CagA and anti-VagA antibody testing) (Euroimmun AG, Lübeck, Germany). Results: Positivity against Hp was comparable between PsA (38.3%), Ps (39.6%) and HCs (50%). Anti-p66-UreB, anti-p54-flagelin and anti-p29-UreA abs were more frequent in psoriatic patients compered to healthy controls (p66: 94.4% in Ps vs 69.7% in HC, p=0.017; p54: 66.7% in Ps vs 33.3% in HC, p=0.012; p29 72.2% in Ps vs 45.5% in HC, p=0.044) and anti-p29-UreA abs were detected in higher frequency in PsA patients compered to HC (94.4% vs 45.5%, p=0.002). Reactivities against the remaining Hp antigens were comparable between Ps and PsA patients and HC. Conclusion: Antibody responses against p66-UreB, p29-UreA, and p54-flagelin are more prevalent in patients with psoriatic disease, suggesting their potential involvement in PsA and Ps. Disclosure of Interests: Eleni Patrikiou: None declared, George Efthymiou: None declared, Christos Liaskos: None declared, Niki Ntavari: None declared, Efterpi Zfiriou: None declared, Theodora Simopoulou: None declared, Thomas Scheper, Employee of: Employee of EUROIMMUN AG, Lubeck, Germany, Wolfgang Meyer Employee of: Employee of EUROIMMUN AG, Lubeck, Germany, Aggeliki Roussaki-Schulze: None declared, Dimitrios Bogdanos: None declared
Multiple Cutaneous Leiomyomas Showing Increased FDG Uptake
Authors: Xia Ji, Hongda Bi, Aisheng Dong
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract Cutaneous leiomyomas are rare, sporadic, or inherited benign tumors arising from smooth muscle cells of the skin associated with various disorders. We present a case of multiple cutaneous leiomyomas showing increased FDG uptake with SUVmax of 19.9. This case indicates cutaneous leiomyoma should be considered as a rare differential diagnosis in patients with hypermetabolic cutaneous lesions. Careful correlation with clinical history is needed to avoid misdiagnosis.
Copy Number Loss of 17q22 Is Associated with Enzalutamide Resistance and Poor Prognosis in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Xiangnan Guan, Duanchen Sun, Eric Lu, Joshua A. Urrutia, Robert Evan Reiter, Matthew Rettig, Christopher P. Evans, Primo Lara, Martin Gleave, Tomasz M. Beer, George V. Thomas, Jiaoti Huang, Rahul R. Aggarwal, David A. Quigley, Adam Foye, William S. Chen, Jack Youngren, Alana S. Weinstein, Joshua M. Stuart, Felix Y. Feng, Eric J. Small, Zheng Xia, Joshi J. Alumkal
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

The purpose of this study was to measure genomic changes that emerge with enzalutamide treatment using analyses of whole-genome sequencing and RNA sequencing.
Transcatheter Mitral Valve-in-Valve—A Plausible Option but Questions Remain
Authors: Anita W. Asgar
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Screening Performance of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis vs Digital Mammography in Community Practice by Patient Age, Screening Round, and Breast Density
Authors: Kathryn P. Lowry, Rebecca Yates Coley, Diana L. Miglioretti, Karla Kerlikowske, Louise M. Henderson, Tracy Onega, Brian L. Sprague, Janie M. Lee, Sally Herschorn, Anna N. A. Tosteson, Garth Rauscher, Christoph I. Lee
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Digital mammography (DM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) are used for routine breast cancer screening. There is minimal evidence on performance outcomes by age, screening round, and breast density in community practice.To compare DM vs DBT performance by age, baseline vs subsequent screening round, and breast density category.This comparative effectiveness study assessed 1 584 079 screening examinations of women aged 40 to 79 years without prior history of breast cancer, mastectomy, or breast augmentation undergoing screening mammography at 46 participating Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium facilities from January 2010 to April 2018.Age, Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System breast density category, screening round, and modality.Absolute rates and relative risks (RRs) of screening recall and cancer detection.Of 1 273 492 DM and 310 587 DBT examinations analyzed, 1 028 891 examinations (65.0%) were of white non-Hispanic women; 399 952 women (25.2%) were younger than 50 years; and 671 136 women (42.4%) had heterogeneously dense or extremely dense breasts. Adjusted differences in DM vs DBT performance were largest on baseline examinations: for example, per 1000 baseline examinations in women ages 50 to 59, recall rates decreased from 241 examinations for DM to 204 examinations for DBT (RR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73-0.98), and cancer detection rates increased from 5.9 with DM to 8.8 with DBT (RR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.10-2.08). On subsequent examinations, women aged 40 to 79 years with heterogeneously dense breasts had improved recall rates and improved cancer detection with DBT. For example, per 1000 examinations in women aged 50 to 59 years, the number of recall examinations decreased from 102 with DM to 93 with DBT (RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84-0.98), and cancer detection increased from 3.7 with DM to 5.3 with DBT (RR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.23-1.64). Women aged 50 to 79 years with scattered fibroglandular density also had improved recall and cancer detection rates with DBT. Women aged 40 to 49 years with scattered fibroglandular density and women aged 50 to 79 years with almost entirely fatty breasts benefited from improved recall rates without change in cancer detection rates. No improvements in recall or cancer detection rates were observed in women with extremely dense breasts on subsequent examinations for any age group.This study found that improvements in recall and cancer detection rates with DBT were greatest on baseline mammograms. On subsequent screening mammograms, the benefits of DBT varied by age and breast density. Women with extremely dense breasts did not benefit from improved recall or cancer detection with DBT on subsequent screening rounds.
One-Year Outcomes of Mitral Valve-in-Valve Using the SAPIEN 3 Transcatheter Heart Valve
Authors: Brian Whisenant, Samir R. Kapadia, Mackram F. Eleid, Susheel K. Kodali, James M. McCabe, Amar Krishnaswamy, Michael Morse, Richard W. Smalling, Mark Reisman, Michael Mack, William W. O’Neill, Vinayak N. Bapat, Martin B. Leon, Charanjit S. Rihal, Raj R. Makkar, Mayra Guerrero
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2020)

Bioprosthetic mitral valves are implanted with increasing frequency but inevitably degenerate, leading to heart failure. Reoperation is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve (MViV) using balloon-expandable transcatheter valves has emerged as an alternative for high-surgical risk patients.To assess contemporary outcomes of SAPIEN 3 (Edwards Lifesciences) MViV replacement.In this registry-based prospective cohort study of SAPIEN 3 MViV, patients entered in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American College of Cardiology Transcatheter Valve Therapy Registry from June 2015 to July 2019 were analyzed. US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid linkage ensured comprehensive collection of death and stroke data.Mitral valve-in-valve for degenerated bioprosthetic mitral valves.The primary efficacy end point was 1-year mortality. The primary safety end point was procedural technical success as defined by the Mitral Valve Academic Research Consortium criteria. Secondary end points included 30-day mortality, New York Heart Association-defined heart failure, and mitral valve performance.A total of 1529 patients (mean [SD] age, 73.3 [11.84] years; 904 women [59.1%]) underwent transseptal or transapical MViV implant at 295 hospitals between June 2015 and July 2019. The mean (SD) Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality was 11.1% (8.7%). Procedural technical success was achieved for 1480 of 1529 patients (96.8%). All-cause mortality was 5.4% at 30 days and 16.7% at 1 year. Transseptal access was associated with lower 1-year all-cause mortality than transapical access (15.8% vs 21.7%; P = .03). Transcatheter MViV led to early, sustained, and clinically meaningful improvements in heart failure (class III/IV New York Heart Association heart failure of 87.1% at baseline vs 9.7% at 1 year). The mean (SD) mitral valve gradient at 1 year was 7 (2.89) mm Hg.Transcatheter MViV using the SAPIEN 3 transcatheter heart valve is associated with high technical success, low 30-day and 1-year mortality, significant improvement of heart failure symptoms, and sustained valve performance. Transseptal MViV should be considered an option for most patients with failed surgical bioprosthetic valves and favorable anatomy.
Profiling HPV-16–specific T cell responses reveals broad antigen reactivities in oropharyngeal cancer patients
Authors: Kunal H. Bhatt, Michelle A. Neller, Sriganesh Srihari, Pauline Crooks, Lea Lekieffre, Blake T. Aftab, Howard Liu, Corey Smith, Liz Kenny, Sandro Porceddu, Rajiv Khanna
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)

Cellular immunotherapeutics targeting the human papillomavirus (HPV)–16 E6 and E7 proteins have achieved limited success in HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). Here we have conducted proteome-wide profiling of HPV-16–specific T cell responses in a cohort of 66 patients with HPV-associated OPC and 22 healthy individuals. Unexpectedly, HPV-specific T cell responses from OPC patients were not constrained to the E6 and E7 antigens; they also recognized E1, E2, E4, E5, and L1 proteins as dominant targets for virus-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Multivariate analysis incorporating tumor staging, treatment status, and smoking history revealed that treatment status had the most significant impact on HPV-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell immunity. Specifically, the breadth and overall strength of HPV-specific T cell responses were significantly higher before the commencement of curative therapy than after therapy. These data provide the first glimpse of the overall human T cell response to HPV in a clinical setting and offer groundbreaking insight into future development of cellular immunotherapies for HPV-associated OPC patients.
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among parturient women in Philadelphia
Authors: Dustin D. Flannery, Sigrid Gouma, Miren B. Dhudasia, Sagori Mukhopadhyay, Madeline R. Pfeifer, Emily C. Woodford, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Claudia P. Arevalo, Marcus J. Bolton, Madison E. Weirick, Eileen C. Goodwin, Elizabeth M. Anderson, Allison R. Greenplate, Justin Kim, Nicholas Han, Ajinkya Pattekar, Jeanette Dougherty, Oliva Kuthuru, Divij Mathew, Amy E. Baxter, Laura A. Vella, JoEllen Weaver, Anurag Verma, Rita Leite, Jeffrey S. Morris, Daniel J. Rader, Michal A. Elovitz, E. John Wherry, Karen M. Puopolo, Scott E. Hensley
Journal: Science Immunology (2020)

Limited data are available for pregnant women affected by SARS-CoV-2. Serological tests are critically important for determining SARS-CoV-2 exposures within both individuals and populations. We validated a SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain serological test using 834 pre-pandemic samples and 31 samples from COVID-19 recovered donors. We then completed SARS-CoV-2 serological testing of 1,293 parturient women at two centers in Philadelphia from April 4 to June 3, 2020. We found 80/1,293 (6.2%) of parturient women possessed IgG and/or IgM SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. We found race/ethnicity differences in seroprevalence rates, with higher rates in Black/non-Hispanic and Hispanic/Latino women. Of the 72 seropositive women who also received nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction testing during pregnancy, 46 (64%) were positive. Continued serologic surveillance among pregnant women may inform perinatal clinical practices and can potentially be used to estimate exposure to SARS-CoV-2 within the community.
RNA editing contributes to epitranscriptome diversity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Franz J. Gassner, Nadja Zaborsky, Ilana Buchumenski, Erez Y. Levanon, Matthias Gatterbauer, Maria Schubert, Stefanie Rauscher, Daniel Hebenstreit, Ferran Nadeu, Elias Campo, Alexander Egle, Richard Greil, Roland Geisberger
Journal: Leukemia (2020)

Abstract RNA editing—primarily conversion of adenosine to inosine (A &gt; I)—is a widespread posttranscriptional mechanism, mediated by Adenosine Deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes to alter the RNA sequence of primary transcripts. Hence, in addition to somatic mutations and alternative RNA splicing, RNA editing can be a further source for recoding events. Although RNA editing has been detected in many solid cancers and normal tissue, RNA editing in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has not been addressed so far. We determined global RNA editing and recurrent, recoding RNA editing events from matched RNA-sequencing and whole exome sequencing data in CLL samples from 45 untreated patients. RNA editing was verified in a validation cohort of 98 CLL patients and revealed substantially altered RNA editing profiles in CLL compared with normal B cells. We further found that RNA editing patterns were prognostically relevant. Finally, we showed that ADAR knockout decreased steady state viability of MEC1 cells and made them more susceptible to treatment with fludarabine and ibrutinib in vitro. We propose that RNA editing contributes to the pathophysiology of CLL and targeting the RNA editing machinery could be a future strategy to maximize treatment efficacy.
Safety and activity of selinexor in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes or oligoblastic acute myeloid leukaemia refractory to hypomethylating agents: a single-centre, single-arm, phase 2 trial
Authors: Justin Taylor, Xiaoli Mi, Alexander V Penson, Stella V Paffenholz, Kelsey Alvarez, Allison Sigler, Stephen S Chung, Raajit K Rampal, Jae H Park, Eytan M Stein, Martin S Tallman, Filiz Sen, Mithat Gönen, Omar Abdel-Wahab, Virginia M Klimek
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2020)