tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Stage-specific survival differences associated with postoperative radiotherapy for gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: J. S. Moody, S. Sawrie, K. Kozak, J. Plastaras, G. Howard, J. Bonner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

15504 Background: The benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for resected gastrointestinal (GI) cancers remains controversial. This study evaluates the frequency and effect of postoperative RT in patients with resected GI cancers. Methods: Observational cohort from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. A total of 23,049 patients were identified with one of four resected GI carcinomas from 1988 to 2003 (n=2905 pancreas, n=8716 stomach, n=1250 esophagus, n=10,178 rectum). Using a propensity score analysis, the effect on overall survival associated with RT was evaluated for each disease site. Results: For the study period, adjuvant RT was given to 51.2% of stage I to III pancreatic cancer patients, 26.3% of stage IB to nonmetastatic stage IV gastric cancer patients, 33.0% of stage IIA to III esophageal cancer patients, and 58.0% of stage IIA to IIIC rectal cancer patients. Both age and stage of disease were associated with RT use for each site (P<.001), with younger patients and those with more advanced disease more likely to receive RT. Postoperative RT was associated with a statistically significant survival benefit for pancreatic (hazard ratio [HR], 0.87, 0.79–0.96), gastric (HR, 0.93, 0.87–0.99), and rectal cancer patients (HR, 0.84, 0.79–0.90). Based on stage, subgroups of patients were identified who received the greatest survival benefit from RT (stage IIB pancreatic cancer, HR=0.71, 0.62–0.80; stage IIIA and IV gastric cancer, HR=0.86, 0.77–0.97, and HR=0.77, 0.67–0.89, respectively; stages IIIB and IIIC rectal cancer, HR=0.71, 0.63–0.80, and HR=0.79, 0.70–0.90, respectively). Conclusions: This study suggests a survival benefit associated with adjuvant RT for patients who have undergone resection of pancreatic, gastric, or rectal malignancies. This benefit varies significantly according to stage of disease. Further work is needed to validate these findings through randomized trials and define the optimum treatments for subsets of patients with GI malignancies. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 13104: Small Molecules Prevent Thrombin Induced Rho-Rock-MLC Mediated Hyperpermeability in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Saheli Samanta, Sheeja Rajasingh, Urmi Patel, Thuy Cao, Buddhadeb Dawn, Johnson Rajasingh
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Thrombin, a serine protease plays an important role in a wide array of a normal and pathological process, including infection, inflammation and tissue injury. There are limited numbers of molecules that prevent vascular inflammation and injury during ALI or ARDS. Our novel combination therapy with epigenetic modifiers that could target the genes epigenetically to reduce thrombin induced hyperpermeability and injury. Here, we use 5-Aza 2-deoxycytidine (Aza) and Trichostatin A (TSA) together to see the restoration of throbin-induced hyperpermeability. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that treatment with the combination Aza and TSA (Aza+TSA) will restore the thrombin induced vascular hyper permeability and increases vascular integrity. Methods and Results: In thrombin induced vascular hyperpermeability, the epigenetic modifiers Aza or TSA alone cannot be able to circumvent the inflammation and restores the cell integrity. However, the Aza+TSA treatment showed a significant level of decrease in vascular hyperpermeability and promoted survival rate. Our Western analysis data suggest that the combination of Aza+TSA treatment suppressed phosphorylation of MLC and ROCK and also Rho1. ROCK-mediated phosphorylation of MLC results in increased actin-filament assembly and actomyosin contraction, which is evident to stress fiber’s formation (Fig. 1A). This was further supported by the immunofluorescence analysis (Fig. 1B). Conclusions: Our data shows that Aza+TSA prevents thrombin induced endothelial hyperpermeability through the inhibition of Rho-ROCK-MLC pathway. Thus Aza+TSA has a substantial therapeutic value during infection, inflammation and acute lung injury.
The Progress and Prospect of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks in Cancer Therapy, Antibacterial Activity, and Biomineralization
Authors: Aziz Maleki, Mohammad‐Ali Shahbazi, Vajiheh Alinezhad, Hélder A. Santos
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract The progressive development of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), as a subfamily of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), and their unique features, including tunable pore size, large surface area, high thermal stability, and biodegradability/biocompatibility, have made them attractive in the field of biomedicine, especially for drug delivery and biomineralization applications. The high porosity of ZIFs gives them the opportunity for encapsulating a high amount of therapeutic drugs, proteins, imaging cargos, or a combination of them to construct advanced multifunctional drug delivery systems (DDSs) with combined therapeutic and imaging capabilities. This review summarizes recent strategies on the design and fabrication of ZIF‐based nansystems and their exploration in the biomedical field. First, recent developments for the adjustment of particle size, functionality, and morphology of ZIFs are discussed, which are important for achieving optimized therapeutic/theranostic nanosystems. Second, recent trends on the application of ZIF nanocarriers for the loading of diverse cargos, including anticancer medicines, antibiotic drugs, enzymes, proteins, photosensitizers, as well as imaging and photothermal agents, are investigated in order to understand how multifunctional DDSs can be designed based on the ZIF nanoparticles to treat different diseases, such as cancer and infection. Finally, prospects on the future research direction and applications of ZIF‐based nanomedicines are discussed.
Impact of tricuspid regurgitation on survival in patients with heart failure: a large electronic health record patient‐level database analysis
Authors: David Messika‐Zeitoun, Patrick Verta, John Gregson, Stuart J. Pocock, Isabel Boero, Ted E. Feldman, William T. Abraham, JoAnn Lindenfeld, Jeroen Bax, Martin Leon, Maurice Enriquez‐Sarano
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2020)
Impact of Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis on Aortic Elastic Properties
Authors: Süleyman Ercan, Gökhan Altunbaş, Vedat Davutoğlu, Fethi Yavuz, Ökkeş Uku, Fuat Başanalan, Mehmet Kaplan, Hayri Alıcı
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Clinical and dermoscopic characteristics of congenital and noncongenital nevus-associated melanomas
Authors: Iris Zalaudek, Claudio Conforti, Fabrizio Guarneri, Roberta Vezzoni, Teresa Deinlein, Rainer Hofmann-Wellenhof, Caterina Longo, Elvira Moscarella, Harald Kittler, Giuseppe Argenziano, Roberta Giuffrida
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
The Physician and the Sexual Revolution
Authors: Max Levin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

IN the field of sex education physicians have been lagging. They have not been exercising their influence to the fullest degree. Yet sexual and marital maladjustment is a major health problem.The development of healthy sex attitudes must begin with sound education in childhood. The object of this paper is to consider, from the standpoint of emotional health, the current sexual revolution, with its emphasis on freedom and permissiveness for the adolescent.At a recent meeting on planned parenthood an eminent physician is reported to have said, "Parents are becoming more sophisticated. They know, for example, that their son or . . .
Incidence and Long-Term Outcomes of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Authors: Vesna D. Garovic, Wendy M. White, Lisa Vaughan, Mie Saiki, Santosh Parashuram, Oscar Garcia-Valencia, Tracey L. Weissgerber, Natasa Milic, Amy Weaver, Michelle M. Mielke
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Vertical transmission of Zika virus and its outcomes: a Bayesian synthesis of prospective studies
Authors: A E Ades, Antoni Soriano-Arandes, Ana Alarcon, Francesco Bonfante, Claire Thorne, Catherine S Peckham, Carlo Giaquinto
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2020)

Prospective studies of Zika virus in pregnancy have reported rates of congenital Zika syndrome and other adverse outcomes by trimester. However, Zika virus can infect and damage the fetus early in utero, but clear before delivery. The true vertical transmission rate is therefore unknown. We aimed to provide the first estimates of underlying vertical transmission rates and adverse outcomes due to congenital infection with Zika virus by trimester of exposure.This was a Bayesian latent class analysis of data from seven prospective studies of Zika virus in pregnancy. We estimated vertical transmission rates, rates of Zika-virus-related and non-Zika-virus-related adverse outcomes, and the diagnostic sensitivity of markers of congenital infection. We allowed for variation between studies in these parameters and used information from women in comparison groups with no PCR-confirmed infection, where available.The estimated mean risk of vertical transmission was 47% (95% credible interval 26 to 76) following maternal infection in the first trimester, 28% (15 to 46) in the second, and 25% (13 to 47) in the third. 9% (4 to 17) of deliveries following infections in the first trimester had symptoms consistent with congenital Zika syndrome, 3% (1 to 7) in the second, and 1% (0 to 3) in the third. We estimated that in infections during the first, second, and third trimester, respectively, 13% (2 to 27), 3% (-5 to 14), and 0% (-7 to 11) of pregnancies had adverse outcomes attributable to Zika virus infection. Diagnostic sensitivity of markers of congenital infection was lowest in the first trimester (42% [18 to 72]), but increased to 85% (51 to 99) in trimester two, and 80% (42 to 99) in trimester three. There was substantial between-study variation in the risks of vertical transmission and congenital Zika syndrome.This preliminary analysis recovers the causal effects of Zika virus from disparate study designs. Higher transmission in the first trimester is unusual with congenital infections but accords with laboratory evidence of decreasing susceptibility of placental cells to infection during pregnancy.European Union Horizon 2020 programme.
Adalimumab for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Alexa B. Kimball, Francisco Kerdel, David Adams, Ulrich Mrowietz, Joel M. Gelfand, Robert Gniadecki, Errol P. Prens, Joel Schlessinger, Christos C. Zouboulis, Hessel H. van der Zee, Marie Rosenfeld, Parvez Mulani, Yihua Gu, Susan Paulson, Martin Okun, Gregor B.E. Jemec
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic skin disease characterized by abscesses and draining fistulas in the axilla and groin. It is often refractory to antibiotic or surgical treatment. In this...
Lung Cancer
Authors: G. C. F. Roe
Journal: BMJ (1948)

bleeding point was found.She recovered.There was no mention of toxaemia of pregnancy in this case.In the absence of high blood pressure and arteriosclerosis the heart is incapable of raising the blood pressure sufficiently high to cause rupture of a normal artery, and some congenital or developmental defect must precede spontaneous rupture.Bruce (1937) suggested that the haemorrhage in this group may be due to rupture of a miliary aneurysm or a "junctional area."Bruce's suggestion was soon confirmed by Schuster (1937), who described a case of multiple aneurysms of the splenic artery which she believed were of congenital or developmental origin in a case of familial haemorrhage telangiectasis.Shallow, Herbut, and Wagner (1946) demonstrated defects in the muscle coat of the inferior pancreatico-duodenal artery associated with a ruptured congenital saccular aneurysm at the first bifurcation and three small fusiform dilatations in the more distal parts.At post mortem it is often difficult to demonstrate the bleed- ing point in this type of massive spontaneous intraperitoneal haemorrhage.However, careful dissection of the affected part and sectioning of the neighbouring vessel will demonstrate the cause-a ruptured miliary aneurysm or congenital defect of the arterial wall.-Weare, etc., A. C. BREwER.
Diseases of the Rectum and Pelvic Colon.
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The kinetics of reduction of minimal residual disease impacts on duration of response and survival of patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: F. Buccisano, L. Maurillo, G. Del Poeta, M. Del Principe, C. Mazzone, D. Fraboni, P. Panetta, V. Gattei, F. Lo Coco, S. Amadori, A. Venditti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

6533 Background: Multiparametric flow-cytometry is frequently used to assess the levels of minimal residual disease (MRD) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients achieving complete remission after intensive chemotherapy. In our previous experience, MRD negativity after consolidation cycle, as defined by a level of bone marrow residual leukemic cells ≤3.5x10 −4 , was associated with a significantly longer relapse free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). The aims of the present study were to confirm, in a larger series of patients, the prognostic relevance of the post consolidation MRD assessment and to validate the threshold of 3.5x10 −4 . Methods: 100 patients affected with AML were entered into the EORTC/GIMEMA protocols AML10/AML12 (age &lt;61 yrs) or AML13/AML15 (age &gt;61 yrs), consisting in intensive induction and consolidation cycles. Median age was 52 years (range 18–78), all FAB subtypes were represented with the exception of APL cases. A Maximally Selected Rank Statistic analysis was used to select the best threshold. Results: The statistical test confirmed that the level of 3.5×10 −4 residual leukemic cells was the most significant in discriminating categories of risk. In fact, levels of MRD measured at the post-consolidation time-point identified 2 distinct subgroups: 36 patients MRD negative and 56 MRD positive. MRD negative patients had a better outcome in terms of relapse rate (P&lt;0.001), OS (P=0.039) and RFS (P=0.008), regardless of MRD status after induction. In fact, patients entering MRD negativity only after consolidation showed the same outcome as those achieving early negativity after induction. The multivariate analysis, including karyotype, age, MDR1 phenotype and post induction and post consolidation MRD levels, indicated that the post-consolidation MRD status was an independent factor affecting relapse rate (P&lt;0.001), OS (P=0.039) and RFS (P=0.008). Conclusions: We conclude that 1) the threshold of 3.5x10 −4 is valid in discriminating risk categories in AML; 2) MRD assessment at post-consolidation check-point is critical to predict disease outcome. The incorporation in clinical trials of flow-cytometric MRD determination may allow a more accurate risk stratification of AML patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Modulation of Anthracycline-Induced Cytotoxicity by Targeting the Prenylated Prenylome in Myeloid Leukemia Cells
Authors: Michael A Morgan, Fredrick O Onono, Peter H Spielmann, Thangaiah Subramanian, Michaela Scherr, Letizia Venturinin, Iris Dallmann, Arnold Ganser, Christoph W.M. Reuter
Journal: Blood (2011)
Covid-19: UK needs flexible local plans to come out of lockdown, say public health experts
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Local plans tailored to different parts of the UK rather than a centralised and one-size-fits-all approach are needed to mitigate the covid-19 epidemic and get the country out of lockdown, public health experts have told the government.

A letter sent to Chris Whitty, England’s chief medical officer, and John Newton, the official in charge of testing, calls for local public health teams to be at the heart of the response.

Local plans would enable authorities to tailor to the “specific local and contextual factors of different parts of the UK.” Contact tracing would be achieved more easily, and cooperation …
An investigation of whether polymorphisms of cytochrome P4502E1 are genetic markers of susceptibility to alcoholic end-stage organ damage in a Chinese population*1
Authors: Y CHAO
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The human cytochrome P4502E1 gene (P4502E1), coding for an ethanol-inducible nitrosamine-metabolizing P-450, is involved in the metabolism of ethanol and many known carcinogens. Recently, restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) within the P4502E1 have been suggested as genetic markers of susceptibility to alcohol-induced liver disease but the previous studies disagree whether alcoholics with c1 or c2 allele are more susceptible to alcohol-induced liver disease. Using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, we determined the RsaI and PstI polymorphism of P4502E1 in 77 Chinese alcoholic patients (54 with alcohol-induced cirrhosis and 23 with acute alcohol-induced pancreatitis) and 164 non-alcoholics and compared them with previously published data. The PCR-RFLPs showed three P4502E1 genotypes: type A, homozygote cl/cl; type B, heterozygote cl/c2; and type C, homozygote c2/c2. The RsaI and PstI polymorphism of P4502E1 were completely linked in both Chinese alcoholics and nonalcoholic controls. The rare allele (c2) occurs at similar frequency of 0.232 and 0.234 (P > .05) in nonalcoholic controls and alcoholics, respectively. The genotype distributions of P4502E1 between Chinese alcoholics and nonalcoholics are not significantly different. The genotype and allele frequencies of P4502E1 for Chinese are significantly different from those of Swedes, European-Americans, and African-Americans, respectively (P < .00001), but very similar to Japanese (P > .05). In conclusion, ethnic variations exist between Asians and Caucasians and between Asians and African-Americans. No allelic variants at loci associated with RsaI/PstI RFLPs result in phenotypes displaying greater susceptibility to alcohol-induced cirrhosis or alcoholism in Chinese populations, which contradicts previous reports from Japanese groups.
Lacrimal Dacryoscintigraphy, Radionuclide Hysterosalpingography, and Scrotal Scintigraphy
Authors: László Pavics
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Several methods are available to examine the function and morphology of the lacrimal drainage system under physiological conditions. Radionuclide scintigraphy is a sensitive method that is not cumbersome for the patient. Dacryoscintigraphy was first introduced by Rossomondo et al. in 1972 [1]. Since then the method has been modified by several groups and its significance supported by numerous studies. Indications of dacryoscintigraphy are obstructive disorders of the lacrimal drainage system. The method is helpful in the diagnosis of tear flow disturbances and in the follow-up for the detection of therapy response [2, 3].
Author’s Reply to Letters to the Editor by Ding and Li, and Sopik, Giannakeas, and Narod
Authors: Puyao C. Li, Rinaa S. Punglia
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2020)

We read with interest the article by Li et al 1 regarding the impact of prior radiotherapy (RT) for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) on the prognosis of women with invasive breast cancer.The authors report that the risk of breast cancer mortality following invasive breast cancer among women with a prior diagnosis of DCIS is 1.7 times higher if the DCIS was treated with lumpectomy 1 RT versus lumpectomy alone (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.70; 95% CI, 1.18-2.45;P5.005).The authors suggest that this finding may have implications for the use of RT in the initial treatment of DCIS.However, we propose another interpretation.Treatment of DCIS with lumpectomy 1 RT, compared with lumpectomy alone, is associated with a large reduction in the risk of subsequent ipsilateral invasive breast cancer but little or no reduction in the risk of breast cancer mortality. 2,3In SEER, we compared the risks of ipsilateral invasive recurrence and of breast cancer-specific mortality among patients with DCIS treated with lumpectomy 6 RT using one-to-one matching. 2In this analysis (including 29,465 propensitymatched pairs of patients), the use of RT after lumpectomy was associated with a 36% reduction in the 15-year risk of ipsilateral invasive breast cancer (8.1% vs 5.2%; absolute reduction of 2.9%) and a small reduction in the risk of breast cancer mortality (2.0% vs. 1.8%; absolute reduction of 0.2%).The ratio of deaths to recurrences increased from 0.25 in patients treated with lumpectomy alone to 0.35 in patients treated with lumpectomy 1 RT; therefore, for every 10,000 patients treated with lumpectomy alone, we would expect approximately 810 ipsilateral invasive recurrences and 200 breast cancer deaths, whereas for every 10,000 patients treated with lumpectomy 1 RT, we would expect 520 ipsilateral invasive recurrences and 180 breast cancer deaths.These numbers correspond to a HR for death associated with RT of approximately 1.40, suggesting that the HR of 1.70 generated by Li et al 1 may in part be explained by a reduction in the number of cases (ie, patients with recurrence after DCIS) but no reduction in the number of deaths.
TCTAP A-032 Comparison of Platelet Reactivity and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Treated with Clopidogrel and Coronary Intervention
Authors: Sang Yeub Lee, Ju-Hee Lee, Sang Min Kim, Jang-Whan Bae, Kyung-Kuk Whang, Dong-oon Kim, Myeong-Chan Cho
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)