tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Malleable Hydrogel Embedded with Micellar Cargo‐Expellers as a Prompt Transdermal Patch
Authors: Sung‐Ho Shin, Youngho Eom, Eun Seong Lee, Sung Yeon Hwang, Dongyeop X. Oh, Jeyoung Park
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Although hydrogels are promising transdermal patches, they face spatiotemporal problems related to controlled drug release. From the “spatio” perspective, hydrogels are not malleable, therefore they do not fully contact curved skin, such as that found on the nose and fingers. From the “temporal” perspective, the internal network of a hydrogel retards cargo release. Herein, a malleable and rapid‐cargo‐releasing poly(vinyl alcohol)‐borax hydrogel that embeds freely mobile poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) micelles is prepared. The in situ polymerization of PHEMA within the matrix produces large compound micelle particles that are not bound by the matrix. The micelles act as expellers by sweeping out cargo upon exposure to wet conditions through a concentration gradient. The hydrogel embedded with the micellar cargo‐expellers delivers a 25‐fold larger 3‐min release quantity of Nile Red (a model cargo) than the control hydrogel. The particles absorb mechanical shocks and the dynamic borate‐diol bonds engender the hydrogel with self‐healing properties, which results in a hydrogel that tightly contacts highly curved skin. Moreover, the hydrogel shows no toxicity in in vivo and skin irritation tests. This malleable hydrogel will inspire novel prompt skin‐patch systems for pharmaceutical and cosmetics purposes.
Erratum : Large-scale evidence for the effect of the COLIA1 Sp1 polymorphism on osteoporosis outcomes: The GENOMOS study (PLoS Medicine 3,4 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030090)
Authors: Stuart H. Ralston, André G. Uitterlinden, Maria Luisa Brandi, Susana Balcells, Bente L. Langdahl, Paul Lips, Roman Lorenc, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch, Serena Scollen, Mariona Bustamante, Lise Bjerre Husted, Alisoun H. Carey, Adolfo Diez-Perez, Alison M. Dunning, Alberto Falchetti, Elzbieta Karczmarewicz, Marcin Kruk, Johannes P.T.M. Van Leeuwen, Joyce B.J. Van Meurs, Jon Mangion, Fiona E.A. McGuigan, Leonardo Mellibovsky, Francesca Del Monte, Huibert A.P. Pols, Jonathan Reeve, David M. Reid, Wilfried Renner, Fernando Rivadeneira, Natasja M. Van Schoor, Rachael E. Sherlock, John P.A. Ioannidis
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)
Diagnosis of congenital pigmented macules in infants with reflectance confocal microscopy and machine learning
Authors: Anouk Soenen, Morgane Vourc'h, Brigitte Dréno, Christine Chiavérini, Azzam Alkhalifah, Brigitte Keriven Dessomme, Kevin Roussel, Stanislas Chambon, Sébastien Debarbieux, Jilliana Monnier, Philippe Bahadoran, Sébastien Barbarot
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Tracheoesophageal fistula closed by a new gastrointestinal occluder device
Authors: Huaiming Sang, Lei Peng, Guoxin Zhang
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Tracheoesophageal fistulas (TEFs) are pathological communications between the airway and the adjacent esophagus that can involve serious, life-threatening complications, being associated with high mortality, short survival time, and poor quality of life [1]. According to the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinical Guideline, a self-expanding metal stent is the preferred treatment option [2]. However, considering the poor clinical success rate of this treatment, the chance that the fistula will reopen remains high [3]. Several previous studies have shown that, in selected patients, TEFs can be healed by an Amplatzer septal occluder (AGA Medical Corporation, Plymouth, Minnesota, USA) [1] [4]. However, Daniel et al. reported the case of a patient who died of fatal hemoptysis after closure of a benign gastrobronchial fistula with an Amplatzer device [5]. Here, we propose a novel occluder device which was professionally designed for TEFs (PCT/CN2020/077659), the first to be described in the literature.
Computerised clinical decision support systems and absolute improvements in care: meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials
Authors: Janice L Kwan, Lisha Lo, Jacob Ferguson, Hanna Goldberg, Juan Pablo Diaz-Martinez, George Tomlinson, Jeremy M Grimshaw, Kaveh G Shojania
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Abstract Objective To report the improvements achieved with clinical decision support systems and examine the heterogeneity from pooling effects across diverse clinical settings and intervention targets. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Medline up to August 2019. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies and methods Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials reporting absolute improvements in the percentage of patients receiving care recommended by clinical decision support systems. Multilevel meta-analysis accounted for within study clustering. Meta-regression was used to assess the degree to which the features of clinical decision support systems and study characteristics reduced heterogeneity in effect sizes. Where reported, clinical endpoints were also captured. Results In 108 studies (94 randomised, 14 quasi-randomised), reporting 122 trials that provided analysable data from 1 203 053 patients and 10 790 providers, clinical decision support systems increased the proportion of patients receiving desired care by 5.8% (95% confidence interval 4.0% to 7.6%). This pooled effect exhibited substantial heterogeneity (I 2 =76%), with the top quartile of reported improvements ranging from 10% to 62%. In 30 trials reporting clinical endpoints, clinical decision support systems increased the proportion of patients achieving guideline based targets (eg, blood pressure or lipid control) by a median of 0.3% (interquartile range −0.7% to 1.9%). Two study characteristics (low baseline adherence and paediatric settings) were associated with significantly larger effects. Inclusion of these covariates in the multivariable meta-regression, however, did not reduce heterogeneity. Conclusions Most interventions with clinical decision support systems appear to achieve small to moderate improvements in targeted processes of care, a finding confirmed by the small changes in clinical endpoints found in studies that reported them. A minority of studies achieved substantial increases in the delivery of recommended care, but predictors of these more meaningful improvements remain undefined.
A commentary on “a simple four-factor preoperative recipient scoring model for prediction of 90-day mortality after adult liver transplantation: A retrospective cohort study” (Int. J. Surg. 2020; 81, 26–31)
Authors: Cheng-Wen Li, Yi Cheng, Fu-Shan Xue, Yu-Jing Yuan
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2020)
BCL6 maintains survival and self-renewal of primary human acute myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Kimihito C. Kawabata, Hongliang Zong, Cem Meydan, Sarah Wyman, Bas J. Wouters, Mayumi Sugita, Srinjoy Goswami, Michael Albert, Winnie Yip, Gail J. Roboz, Zhengming Chen, Ruud Delwel, Martin Carroll, Christopher E. Mason, Ari Melnick, Monica L. Guzman
Journal: Blood (2020)
The relationship between circulating lipids and breast cancer risk: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Kelsey E. Johnson, Katherine M. Siewert, Derek Klarin, Scott M. Damrauer, Kyong-Mi Chang, Philip S. Tsao, Themistocles L. Assimes, Kara N. Maxwell, Benjamin F. Voight
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2020)

Background A number of epidemiological and genetic studies have attempted to determine whether levels of circulating lipids are associated with risks of various cancers, including breast cancer (BC). However, it remains unclear whether a causal relationship exists between lipids and BC. If alteration of lipid levels also reduced risk of BC, this could present a target for disease prevention. This study aimed to assess a potential causal relationship between genetic variants associated with plasma lipid traits (high-density lipoprotein, HDL; low-density lipoprotein, LDL; triglycerides, TGs) with risk for BC using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods and findings Data from genome-wide association studies in up to 215,551 participants from the Million Veteran Program (MVP) were used to construct genetic instruments for plasma lipid traits. The effect of these instruments on BC risk was evaluated using genetic data from the BCAC (Breast Cancer Association Consortium) based on 122,977 BC cases and 105,974 controls. Using MR, we observed that a 1-standard–deviation genetically determined increase in HDL levels is associated with an increased risk for all BCs (HDL: OR [odds ratio] = 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04–1.13, P < 0.001). Multivariable MR analysis, which adjusted for the effects of LDL, TGs, body mass index (BMI), and age at menarche, corroborated this observation for HDL (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.03–1.10, P = 4.9 × 10−4) and also found a relationship between LDL and BC risk (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01–1.07, P = 0.02). We did not observe a difference in these relationships when stratified by breast tumor estrogen receptor (ER) status. We repeated this analysis using genetic variants independent of the leading association at core HDL pathway genes and found that these variants were also associated with risk for BCs (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.06–1.16, P = 1.5 × 10−6), including locus-specific associations at ABCA1 (ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1), APOE-APOC1-APOC4-APOC2 (Apolipoproteins E, C1, C4, and C2), and CETP (Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein). In addition, we found evidence that genetic variation at the ABO locus is associated with both lipid levels and BC. Through multiple statistical approaches, we minimized and tested for the confounding effects of pleiotropy and population stratification on our analysis; however, the possible existence of residual pleiotropy and stratification remains a limitation of this study. Conclusions We observed that genetically elevated plasma HDL and LDL levels appear to be associated with increased BC risk. Future studies are required to understand the mechanism underlying this putative causal relationship, with the goal of developing potential therapeutic strategies aimed at altering the cholesterol-mediated effect on BC risk.
Cardiac-MRI Predicts Clinical Worsening and Mortality in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Samer Alabed, Yousef Shahin, Pankaj Garg, Faisal Alandejani, Christopher S. Johns, Robert A. Lewis, Robin Condliffe, James M. Wild, David G. Kiely, Andrew J. Swift
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2020)

This meta-analysis evaluates assessment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), with a focus on clinical worsening and mortality.
Change in Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Over 60 Days Among Health Care Personnel in Nashville, Tennessee
Authors: Manish M. Patel, Natalie J. Thornburg, William B. Stubblefield, H. Keipp Talbot, Melissa M. Coughlin, Leora R. Feldstein, Wesley H. Self
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Hui Zeng, MD; Chen Xu, BS; Junli Fan, MD; Yueting Tang, PhD; Qiaoling Deng, MD; Wei Zhang, MD, PhD; Xinghua Long, MD, PhD
Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a Clostridioides difficile toxoid vaccine candidate: a phase 3 multicentre, observer-blind, randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Guy de Bruyn, David L Gordon, Theodore Steiner, Paul Tambyah, Catherine Cosgrove, Mark Martens, Ehab Bassily, Eng-Soon Chan, Dhaval Patel, Josh Chen, Julian Torre-Cisneros, Carlos Fernando De Magalhães Francesconi, Richard Gesser, Robert Jeanfreau, Odile Launay, Thelma Laot, Rayo Morfin-Otero, Ernesto Oviedo-Orta, Yoon Soo Park, Franco M Piazza, Christine Rehm, Enrique Rivas, Steve Self, Sanjay Gurunathan
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2020)
The state of artificial intelligence-based FDA-approved medical devices and algorithms: an online database
Authors: Stan Benjamens, Pranavsingh Dhunnoo, Bertalan Meskó
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2020)

At the beginning of the artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) era, the expectations are high, and experts foresee that AI/ML shows potential for diagnosing, managing and treating a wide variety of medical conditions. However, the obstacles for implementation of AI/ML in daily clinical practice are numerous, especially regarding the regulation of these technologies. Therefore, we provide an insight into the currently available AI/ML-based medical devices and algorithms that have been approved by the US Food & Drugs Administration (FDA). We aimed to raise awareness of the importance of regulatory bodies, clearly stating whether a medical device is AI/ML based or not. Cross-checking and validating all approvals, we identified 64 AI/ML based, FDA approved medical devices and algorithms. Out of those, only 29 (45%) mentioned any AI/ML-related expressions in the official FDA announcement. The majority (85.9%) was approved by the FDA with a 510(k) clearance, while 8 (12.5%) received de novo pathway clearance and one (1.6%) premarket approval (PMA) clearance. Most of these technologies, notably 30 (46.9%), 16 (25.0%), and 10 (15.6%) were developed for the fields of Radiology, Cardiology and Internal Medicine/General Practice respectively. We have launched the first comprehensive and open access database of strictly AI/ML-based medical technologies that have been approved by the FDA. The database will be constantly updated.
Release of VEGF and BMP9 from injectable alginate based composite hydrogel for treatment of myocardial infarction
Authors: Yong Wu, Tianqi Chang, Weiqian Chen, Xiaoyu Wang, Jingjing Li, Yueqiu Chen, You Yu, Zhenya Shen, Qian Yu, Yanxia Zhang
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2020)

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of cardiovascular diseases that pose a serious threat to human health. The pathophysiology of MI is complex and contains several sequential phases including blockage of a coronary artery, necrosis of myocardial cells, inflammation, and myocardial fibrosis. Aiming at the treatment of different stages of MI, in this work, an injectable alginate based composite hydrogel is developed to load vascular endothelial active factor (VEGF) and silk fibroin (SF) microspheres containing bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) for releasing VEGF and BMP9 to realize their respective functions. The results of in vitro experiments indicate a rapid initial release of VEGF during the first few days and a relatively slow and sustained release of BMP9 for days, facilitating the formation of blood vessels in the early stage and inhibiting myocardial fibrosis in the long-term stage, respectively. Intramyocardial injection of such composite hydrogel into the infarct border zone of mice MI model via multiple points promotes angiogenesis and reduces the infarction size. Taken together, these results indicate that the dual-release of VEGF and BMP9 from the composite hydrogel results in a collaborative effect on the treatment of MI and improvement of heart function, showing a promising potential for cardiac clinical application.
Appropriate and Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Decompensated Cirrhosis
Authors: Mary J. Thomson, Anna S. F. Lok, Elliot B. Tapper
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

Background and Aims Patients with decompensated cirrhosis are prescribed numerous medications. Data are limited as to whether patients are receiving medications they need and avoiding those they do not. We examined a large national claims database (2010‐2015) to characterize the complete medication profile as well as the factors associated with appropriate and potentially inappropriate medication use in 12,621 patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Approach and Results Clinical guidelines and existing literature were used to determine appropriate and potentially inappropriate medications in decompensated cirrhosis. The total medication days’ supply was calculated from pharmacy data and divided by the follow‐up period for each decompensation. Ascites was the most common (86.5%), followed by hepatic encephalopathy (HE; 37.8%), variceal bleeding (VB; 17.5%), hepatorenal syndrome (6.3%), and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP; 6.1%). For patients with ascites, 55.8% filled a diuretic. For patients with HE, 32.4% and 63.3% filled rifaximin and lactulose, respectively. After VB, 60.3% of patients filled a nonselective beta blocker, and after an episode of SBP, 48.0% of patients filled an antibiotic for prophylaxis. The minority (4.5%‐17.3%) had enough medication to cover &gt;50% follow‐up days. Potentially inappropriate medication use was common: 53.2% filled an opiate, 46.0% proton pump inhibitors, 14.2% benzodiazepines, and 10.1% nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. Disease severity markers were associated with more appropriate mediation use but not consistently associated with less inappropriate medication use. Conclusions Patients with decompensated cirrhosis are not filling indicated medications as often or as long as is recommended and are also filling medications that are potentially harmful. Future steps include integrating pharmacy records with medical records to obtain a complete medication list and counseling on medication use with patients at each visit.
Neuronal Reprogramming for Brain Repair: Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Riccardo Bocchi, Magdalena Götz
Journal: Trends in Molecular Medicine (2020)

Brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases elicit neuronal loss that persists because the adult mammalian brain lacks robust regenerative abilities. Direct reprogramming of local glial cells into neurons is a promising strategy for neuronal replacement in vivo. We discuss recent advances and future challenges in this approach to brain repair.
Alcohol, Tobacco, and Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders and Associations With Sexual Identity and Stress-Related Correlates
Authors: Rebecca J. Evans-Polce, Luisa Kcomt, Philip T. Veliz, Carol J. Boyd, Sean Esteban McCabe
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2020)

Objective: The authors examined psychiatric comorbidities associated with alcohol use disorders and tobacco use disorders among heterosexual, bisexual, and gay and lesbian men and women in the United States and whether stress-related factors were predictive of comorbidities. Methods: The authors used data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions–III (2012–2013, N=36,309) to examine the co-occurrence of past-year alcohol or tobacco use disorder with past-year anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder by sexual identity (heterosexual, bisexual, gay or lesbian) and sex. The authors also examined the association of stress-related factors and social support with the presence of comorbidities. Results: Comorbidities were more prevalent among women and sexual minorities, particularly bisexual women. More than half of bisexual (55%) and gay or lesbian (51%) individuals who met criteria for a past-year alcohol use disorder had a psychiatric comorbidity, while only one-third of heterosexual individuals who met criteria for a past-year alcohol use disorder did. Similar differences were found among those who met criteria for a past-year tobacco use disorder. Among sexual minorities, the frequency of sexual orientation discrimination (adjusted odds ratio range=1.08–1.10), number of stressful life events (adjusted odds ratio range=1.25–1.43), and number of adverse childhood experiences (adjusted odds ratio range=1.04–1.18) were significantly associated with greater odds of comorbidities. Greater social support was significantly inversely associated with tobacco use disorder comorbidities (adjusted odds ratio range=0.96–0.97). Conclusions: This research suggests that integrated substance use and mental health prevention and treatment programs are needed, particularly for individuals who identify as sexual minorities. The increased stressors experienced by sexual minority individuals may be important drivers of these high levels of comorbidities.
Microbubble and ultrasound enhanced gene delivery for melanoma in vitro and in vivo.
Authors: Seiji Yamamoto, Yoshiaki Taniyama, Kazuya Hiraoka, Masayuki Endoh, Seiji Nakai, Katsuto Tamai, Takashi Aikou, Yasufumi Kaneda
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

3781  In this study, we examined transfection efficiency of naked plasmid DNA using microbubbles (Optison) with ultrasound in vitro and in vivo experiments as the feasibility of a novel nonviral vector system that transfer naked plasmid DNA into a melanoma. First, we tested the feasibility of ultrasound-mediated transfection of naked plasmid DNA in mouse melanoma B16F1 cell lines. Luciferase plasmid mixed with or without Optison was transfected into cultured mouse melanoma cells using ultrasound (1MHz; 0.4 W2) for 1 sec. Interestingly, luciferase activity was dramatically increased in cells treated with Optison, while few luciferase activity could be detected without Optison (P
When to replicate systematic reviews of interventions: consensus checklist
Authors: Peter Tugwell, Vivian Andrea Welch, Sathya Karunananthan, Lara J Maxwell, Elie A Akl, Marc T Avey, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Melissa C Brouwers, Jocalyn P Clark, Sophie Cook, Luis Gabriel Cuervo, Janet Agnes Curran, Elizabeth Tanjong Ghogomu, Ian G Graham, Jeremy M Grimshaw, Brian Hutton, John P A Ioannidis, Zoe Jordan, Janet Elizabeth Jull, Elizabeth Kristjansson, Etienne V Langlois, Julian Little, Anne Lyddiatt, Janet E Martin, Ana Marušić, Lawrence Mbuagbaw, David Moher, Rachael L Morton, Mona Nasser, Matthew J Page, Jordi Pardo Pardo, Jennifer Petkovic, Mark Petticrew, Terri Pigott, Kevin Pottie, Gabriel Rada, Tamara Rader, Alison Y Riddle, Hannah Rothstein, Holger J Schüneman, Larissa Shamseer, Beverley J Shea, Rosiane Simeon, Konstantinos C Siontis, Maureen Smith, Karla Soares-Weiser, Kednapa Thavorn, David Tovey, Brigitte Vachon, Jeffery Valentine, Rebecca Villemaire, Peter Walker, Laura Weeks, George Wells, David B Wilson, Howard White
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Replication is an essential part of the scientific method, yet replication of systematic reviews is too often overlooked, and done unnecessarily or poorly. Excessive replication (doing the same study repeatedly) is unethical and a cause of research wastage. This article provides consensus based guidance on when to replicate and not replicate systematic reviews.
Hierarchical communication: a good referral can come from any grade of doctor
Authors: Alex J Langridge
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Feature, 8-15 August

Although I have no formal conflicts of interest, I am the co-creator of Buku Haematology, the app mentioned in Thornton’s article,1 from which I receive no income.

Although I am clearly biased, the haematologists in our region are notoriously approachable and so it was disheartening to read about the poor experience the doctor had in their interaction with haematology.1 …
<i>ILRUN</i> , a Human Plasma Lipid GWAS Locus, Regulates Lipoprotein Metabolism in Mice
Authors: Xin Bi, Takashi Kuwano, Paul C. Lee, John S. Millar, Li Li, Yachen Shen, Raymond E. Soccio, Nicholas J. Hand, Daniel J. Rader
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms near the
“Mass hysterectomies” were carried out on migrants in US detention centre, claims whistleblower
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Detainees held in an immigration centre in the US have been subjected to potentially unnecessary hysterectomies performed without informed consent, a nurse whistleblower has alleged.

Dawn Wooten, who filed a whistleblower complaint with the inspector general of the Department of Homeland Security, says she was demoted and her hours slashed after she complained about substandard medical care, questionable surgeries on women, and failure to protect detainees and staff from covid-19.

A report of the charges1 was filed by four non-profit rights and welfare groups on behalf of the detained immigrants at the Irwin County Detention Center in Georgia, which is operated by the private prison company, LaSalle Corrections.

The complaints come on the heels of charges against two other immigrant centres, one of which, Richwood in Louisiana, was shut down following an investigation.

One detainee at the Irwin centre said she knew of five women who had been subjected to hysterectomies …