tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
#REDS (Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport): time for a revolution in sports culture and systems to improve athlete health and performance
Authors: Kathryn E Ackerman, Trent Stellingwerff, Kirsty J Elliott-Sale, Amy Baltzell, Mary Cain, Kara Goucher, Lauren Fleshman, Margo L Mountjoy
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

Changing a sport system requires the appointment of new leaders or a grass roots cultural revolution. ‘I got caught in a system designed by and for men, which destroys the bodies of young girls,’ said Mary Cain as she cast light on her toxic coach/athlete relationship and exposed unhealthy coaching and nutrition practices. Her candour has inspired a social media movement calling for changes to women’s sport.1 In the following days, major news publications followed up with similar reports of athletic women being body shamed.2–4

It is time for a drastic paradigm change in women’s sport, coupled with education at all levels to improve the long-term health and athletic achievement of female athletes. The shift needs to include:

1.  Raising awareness of the negative effects of chronic low energy availability (LEA) (calorie restriction) so athletes can make wise choices for their own long-term health.

2.  Updating and developing best-practice protocols and safe standards for monitoring body composition/weight.

3.  Eliminating toxic training environments featuring abusive body shaming.

Overexercising or underfueling, occurring consciously or subconsciously, can cause Relative …
P-0119 Beneficial Trends of Second Line Chemotherapy in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Milton Jose Barros e Silva, Joyce Maria L. Maia, Adriana Regina Goncalves Ribeiro, Ludmilla T.D. Chinen, Tadeu Paiva Junior, Fernando Vidigal Pádua, Flávio Augusto Ismael, Elizabeth Santana Santos, Celso Lopes Mello, Daniel Campanha, Augusto Akikubo Rodrigues Pereira, Marcello Ferretti Fanelli
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Induction Chemotherapy in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: J.-H. Lee, Y.-D. Joo, H. Kim, S.H. Bae, M.K. Kim, D.Y. Zang, J.-L. Lee, G.W. Lee, J.-H. Lee, J.-H. Park, D.-Y. Kim, W.-S. Lee, H.M. Ryoo, M.S. Hyun, H.J. Kim, Y.J. Min, K.-H. Lee
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Enhancing Compassion in Medical Students
Authors: Edward Volpintesta
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Projected costs of single-payer healthcare financing in the United States: A systematic review of economic analyses
Authors: Christopher Cai, Jackson Runte, Isabel Ostrer, Kacey Berry, Ninez Ponce, Michael Rodriguez, Stefano Bertozzi, Justin S. White, James G. Kahn
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2020)

The United States is the only high-income nation without universal, government-funded or -mandated health insurance employing a unified payment system. The US multi-payer system leaves residents uninsured or underinsured, despite overall healthcare costs far above other nations. Single-payer (often referred to as Medicare for All), a proposed policy solution since 1990, is receiving renewed press attention and popular support. Our review seeks to assess the projected cost impact of a single-payer approach.
Enhancing Compassion in Medical Students—Reply
Authors: Richard Martyn Ratzan
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New Imaging and Molecular Biomarkers to Predict Pathological Response to Bevacizumab-Based Treatment In Neoadjuvant Breast Cancer
Authors: J. Garcia-Foncillas, A. Plazaola, B. Hernando, R. Sanchez, I. Alvarez, A. Antón, P. Martinez Del Prado, A. Llombart, S. Sherer, J.M. Lopez-Vega
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
HIV Partner Service Delivery Among Transgender Women — United States, 2013–2017
Authors: Wei Song, Mesfin S. Mulatu, Shubha Rao, Guoshen Wang, Hui Zhang Kudon, Kevin O’Connor
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

Transgender women* in the United States are disproportionately affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection because of multiple factors, including stigma related to gender identity, unstable housing, limited employment options, and high-risk behaviors, such as sex work, unprotected receptive anal intercourse, and injection drug use, that tend to increase their vulnerability to becoming infected with HIV (1,2). In a recent meta-analysis of 88 U.S. studies conducted during 2006-2017, the mean estimated laboratory-confirmed prevalence of HIV infection among transgender women was 14.2%, and the mean self-reported prevalence estimate was 21.0% (3). The Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative calls for accelerating the implementation of evidence-based strategies in the right geographic areas targeted to the right persons to end the HIV epidemic in the United States (4). HIV partner services are effective strategies offered by public health workers to persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection (index persons) and their sex or needle-sharing partners (partners), who are notified of potential HIV exposure and offered HIV testing and related services. CDC analyzed HIV partner services data submitted by 61 health departments† during 2013-2017. Among 208,304 index persons, 1,727 (0.8%) were transgender women. Overall, 71.5% of index transgender women were interviewed for partner services, which was lower than that for all index persons combined (81.1%). Among 1,089 transgender women named as partners by index persons, 71.2% were notified of potential HIV exposure, which was lower than that for all partners combined (77.1%). Fewer than half (46.5%) of notified transgender women partners were tested for HIV, and approximately one in five (18.6%) of those who were tested received a new diagnosis of HIV infection, slightly higher than for all partners combined (17.6%). Additional efforts are needed to effectively implement partner services among transgender women and identify those whose infection with HIV is undiagnosed, provide timely prevention and care services, reduce HIV transmission, and contribute to ending the HIV epidemic.
Altered gut microbiome composition in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease
Authors: Zi Ye, Chunyan Wu, Ni Zhang, Liping Du, Qingfeng Cao, Xinyue Huang, Jihong Tang, Qingfeng Wang, Fuzhen Li, Chunjiang Zhou, Qian Xu, Xiao Xiong, Aize Kijlstra, Nan Qin, Peizeng Yang
Journal: Gut Microbes (2020)

Background Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is a multisystemic autoimmune disorder characterized by granulomatous panuveitis. Gut microbiome has been considered to play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease but whether the alternation of gut microbiome was involved is unclear. This study was set up to identify abnormalities of gut microbiome composition in VKH disease.Results Depleted butyrate-producing bacteria, lactate-producing bacteria and methanogens as well as enriched Gram-negative bacteria were identified in the active VKH patients, as well as in VKH patients of Mix enterotype and Bacteroides enterotype. Changes of gut microbiome in the VKH patients were partially restored after an immunosuppressive treatment. The disease susceptibility genotype HLA-DRA was associated with Bacteroides sp.2.1.33B, Paraprevotella clara, Alistipes finegoldii and Eubacterium eligens. A microbial marker profile including 40 disease-associated species was established to differentiate patients from controls. Another microbial marker profile including 37 species was found to be associated with the response to treatment. An animal experiment showed that transfer of gut microbiome from VKH patients could significantly exacerbate disease activity clinically and pathologically in the recipient mice.Conclusion Our results revealed a distinct gut microbiome signature in VKH patients and showed an exacerbating effect of this gut microbiome on experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). We also developed two microbial marker profiles in differentiating VKH patients from healthy controls as well as predicting the effectiveness of treatment.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations in Italian Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Enrolled in the EGFR Fastnet Program
Authors: N. Normanno, C. Pinto, G.L. Taddei, G. Troncone, P. Graziano, G. De Maglio, M. Mottolese, M. Di Maio, C. Clemente, A. Marchetti
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
L6.2 Biopsy-Driven Trials to Identify Biomarkers of Therapeutic Resistance: Biospecimen Collection and Processing to Enable Multi-Dimensional Analysis
Authors: G. Batist, S. Assouline, E. Camlioglu, B. Têtu, A. Spatz, Z. Diaz, A. Aguilar-Mahecha, M. Basik
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Clinical Activity and Safety of Anti-Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) (BMS-936558/MDX-1106/ONO-4538) in Patients (PTS) with Previously Treated, Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (MRCC)
Authors: D.F. McDermott, C.G. Drake, M. Sznol, T.K. Choueiri, J.D. Powderly, D.C. Smith, J.M. Wigginton, G. Kollia, A. Gupta, M.B. Atkins
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Evolution of Clinical Trial Design in Early Drug Development: The Use of Expansion Cohorts (ECS) in Phase I Cancer Trials (PITS)
Authors: A. Manji, I. Brana Garcia, E. Amir, I.F. Tannock, P. Bedard, A.M. Oza, L. Siu, A.R.A. Razak
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Pathophysiological Role of Cachexia in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Y. Fujiwara, N. Chayahara, N. Kiyota, K. Nakano, T. Mukohara, Y. Funakoshi, Y. Imamura, M. Toyoda, T. Shimada, H. Tomioka, K. Yakushijin, A. Okamura, H. Matsuoka, H. Minami
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Changes in Utilization of Generic Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Following Product Recalls in the United States
Authors: Rishi J. Desai, Ameet Sarpatwari, Nileesa Gautam, Joyce Lii, Michael A. Fischer, Joshua J. Gagne
Journal: JAMA (2020)

This pharmacoepidemiology study uses claims data to characterize angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) prescription trends to evaluate whether recalls of ARBs prompted by discovery of potentially carcinogenic impurities shifted utilization of ARBs individually and as a drug class.
A Phase 1 Study of the Anti-Erbb3 Antibody Mm-121 in Combination with Weekly Paclitaxel in Patients with Advanced Gynecological and Breast Cancers
Authors: J. Liu, R. Patel, G. Kato, U. Matulonis, V. Moyo, K. Riahi, J. Pearlberg, A. Czibere, S. Isakoff
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Exploring the Anti-Tumor Efficacy of Combination Therapy with Inhibitors Targeting the Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) and PI3K/AKT/MTOR Signaling Pathways for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
Authors: D.-L. Ou, C. Hsu, B.-S. Lee, Y.-C. Chang, Y.-C. Cheng, A.-L. Cheng
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
GDNF rescues the fate of neural progenitor grafts by attenuating Notch signals in the injured spinal cord in rodents
Authors: Mohamad Khazaei, Christopher S. Ahuja, Hiroaki Nakashima, Narihito Nagoshi, Lijun Li, Jian Wang, Jonathon Chio, Anna Badner, David Seligman, Ayaka Ichise, Shinsuke Shibata, Michael G. Fehlings
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2020)

Neural progenitor cell (NPC) transplantation is a promising strategy for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). In this study, we show that injury-induced Notch activation in the spinal cord microenvironment biases the fate of transplanted NPCs toward astrocytes in rodents. In a screen for potential clinically relevant factors to modulate Notch signaling, we identified glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). GDNF attenuates Notch signaling by mediating delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) expression, which is independent of GDNF's effect on cell survival. When transplanted into a rodent model of cervical SCI, GDNF-expressing human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived NPCs (hiPSC-NPCs) demonstrated higher differentiation toward a neuronal fate compared to control cells. In addition, expression of GDNF promoted endogenous tissue sparing and enhanced electrical integration of transplanted cells, which collectively resulted in improved neurobehavioral recovery. CRISPR-induced knockouts of the DLK1 gene in GDNF-expressing hiPSC-NPCs attenuated the effect on functional recovery, demonstrating that this effect is partially mediated through DLK1 expression. These results represent a mechanistically driven optimization of hiPSC-NPC therapy to redirect transplanted cells toward a neuronal fate and enhance their integration.
Fyn tyrosine kinase, a downstream target of receptor tyrosine kinases, modulates antiglioma immune responses
Authors: Andrea Comba, Patrick J Dunn, Anna E Argento, Padma Kadiyala, Maria Ventosa, Priti Patel, Daniel B Zamler, Felipe J Núñez, Lili Zhao, Maria G Castro, Pedro R Lowenstein
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2020)

Abstract Background High-grade gliomas are aggressive and immunosuppressive brain tumors. Molecular mechanisms that regulate the inhibitory immune tumor microenvironment (TME) and glioma progression remain poorly understood. Fyn tyrosine kinase is a downstream target of the oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase pathway and is overexpressed in human gliomas. Fyn’s role in vivo in glioma growth remains unknown. We investigated whether Fyn regulates glioma initiation, growth and invasion. Methods We evaluated the role of Fyn using genetically engineered mouse glioma models (GEMMs). We also generated Fyn knockdown stem cells to induce gliomas in immune-competent and immune-deficient mice (nonobese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient gamma mice [NSG], CD8−/−, CD4−/−). We analyzed molecular mechanism by RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Flow cytometry was used to characterize immune cellular infiltrates in the Fyn knockdown glioma TME. Results We demonstrate that Fyn knockdown in diverse immune-competent GEMMs of glioma reduced tumor progression and significantly increased survival. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of differentially expressed genes in wild-type versus Fyn knockdown gliomas showed enrichment of GOs related to immune reactivity. However, in NSG and CD8−/− and CD4−/− immune-deficient mice, Fyn knockdown gliomas failed to show differences in survival. These data suggest that the expression of Fyn in glioma cells reduces antiglioma immune activation. Examination of glioma immune infiltrates by flow cytometry displayed reduction in the amount and activity of immune suppressive myeloid derived cells in the Fyn glioma TME. Conclusions Gliomas employ Fyn mediated mechanisms to enhance immune suppression and promote tumor progression. We propose that Fyn inhibition within glioma cells could improve the efficacy of antiglioma immunotherapies.
Bevacizumab-Associated Hemoptysis in Colorectal Carcinoma with Multiple Lung Metastases: A Case Report
Authors: T. Shiraishi, T. Tanaka, I. Takahashi, K. Fukuhara, H. Inoue, R. Shimabukuro, S. Maruyama, Y. Ikeda, I. Yamaguchi, H. Hashimoto, H. Murakami, T. Kanematsu, T. Fujisaki, T. Nishizaki, M. Fujii
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Reply to Eissenberg and Maziak: Are Electronic Cigarette Users at Risk for Lipid-mediated Lung Injury?
Authors: John R. Balmes
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)

cluster is novel, pulmonary illness associated with e-cigarette use is not new: there are at least seven published case reports from 2012 to 2018 describing similar conditions in e-cigarette users, with no identifiable infectious etiology (i.e., acute lung injury, atypical pneumonitis, eosinophilic pneumonia, hypersensitivity pneumonia, or lipoid pneumonia).Interestingly, of these seven reported cases, lung cell samples obtained via lavage or biopsy were available for five (3-7), and all five exhibited abnormally lipid-laden macrophages.Lipid-laden macrophages were also a prominent feature (.50%) in BAL of more recent case series from Utah (8).Such macrophages can trigger an inflammatory immune response (9) leading to lipoid pneumonia and other pneumonitis-like reactions.One report suggested that residual lipids in vegetable glycerin derived from incompletely processed vegetable oil might be the exogenous source of lipid in an e-cigarette user diagnosed with lipoid pneumonia (5).However, most of the publications related to this new entity focused on tetrahydrocannabinol, and a recent case series from the Mayo Clinic suggests chemical pneumonitis as a more probable etiopathology (10).The fact that not all e-cigarette-related lung injury cases were associated with tetrahydrocannabinol use, and that tetrahydrocannabinol vaping usually involves an oil vehicle (e.g., butane hash oils), does not rule out an important role for lipid-mediated lung injury in this clinical entity.This is particularly important to keep in mind given that most e-cigarette liquids contain vegetable glycerin as an essential component (helps make the e-cigarette aerosol visible).The implication is that many e-cigarette users who are currently asymptomatic (or experiencing milder symptoms for which they do not seek medical attention) may be undergoing lipid deposition in their airway, with concomitant inflammatory changes induced by lipid-laden macrophages and other immune cells.Therefore, we urge clinicians treating patients with acute and unexplained pulmonary complaints to identify whether the patient is an e-cigarette user and, if so, to obtain detailed history about their use and, when possible, to collect cell samples to determine whether evidence of lipid exposure is present.Similarly, we urge researchers to investigate lipid exposure and inhaled toxic substances in e-cigarette users systematically.Most important, we call for regulators to implement immediately strict regulation that prevents lipid and inhaled toxicants emissions from all e-cigarettes sold in the United States.
Benefits and Harms of Using Statins to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Henock Yebyo, Hélène Aschmann, Milo Puhan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

What is the problem and what is known about it so far?We know that people who smoke cigarettes are at risk for a heart attack, stroke, and other diseases of the blood vessels.So are those who have diabetes, an elevated level of cholesterol in the blood, and some other risk factors.It is even possible to predict a person's risk for these diseases by using that person's risk factors.Experts recommend that clinicians prescribe statin medications to prevent these diseases when a person's risk is above a specific level.
Can an Evidence-Based Approach Improve the Patient-Physician Relationship?
Authors: Adam S. Cifu, Anthony Lembo, Andrew M. Davis
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bevacizumab Beyond Progression: How to Monitor Treatment Efficacy? Results of a Functional Imaging Study in Murine Colorectal Cancer
Authors: L. Heijmen, E.E.G.W. Te Voert, C.J.A. Punt, L. De Geus-Oei, A. Heerschap, J. Bussink, V. Zerbi, W.J.G. Oyen, O. Boerman, H.W.M. van Laarhoven
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Regulatory T-cell depletion in the setting of autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma: pilot study
Authors: Benjamin A Derman, Yuanyuan Zha, Todd M Zimmerman, Rebecca Malloy, Andrzej Jakubowiak, Michael R Bishop, Justin Kline
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Background Progression after high-dose melphalan with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in multiple myeloma (MM) may be due in part to immune dysfunction. Regulatory T (Treg) cells reconstitute rapidly after ASCT and inhibit immune responses against myeloma cells. Methods We performed a randomized study to evaluate two methods of Treg depletion in patients with MM undergoing ASCT. No Treg depletion was performed in the control ASCT arm. An anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody (basiliximab 20 mg IV) was administered on day +1 post-ASCT in the in vivo Treg depletion (IVTRD) arm. Tregs were depleted from autologous stem cell (ASC) grafts with anti-CD25 microbeads and the CliniMACS device in the ex vivo Treg depletion (EVTRD) arm. Results Fifteen patients were enrolled, five in each arm. The conditioning regimen was melphalan 200 mg/m 2 . Primary objectives included assessments of efficiency of IVTRD/EVTRD, kinetics of Treg depletion and recovery following ASCT, and safety. EVTRD removed 90% of CD4 + CD25 + cells from ASC grafts. IVTRD and EVTRD led to reductions in Treg frequency between days +7 and +90 post-transplant compared with the control (p=0.007 and p&lt;0.001, respectively). Conclusions IVTRD and EVTRD are feasible and significantly reduce and delay Treg recovery post-ASCT for MM, and serve as a platform for using post-transplant immunotherapies to improve post-ASCT outcomes. Trial registration number NCT01526096 .