tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ketogenic Diets for Diabetes and Obesity—Reply
Authors: Shivam Joshi, Robert J. Ostfeld, Michelle McMacken
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Irradiation impairs mitochondrial function and skeletal muscle oxidative capacity: significance for metabolic complications in cancer survivors
Authors: Nadia M.L. Amorim, Anthony Kee, Adelle C.F. Coster, Christine Lucas, Sarah Bould, Sara Daniel, Jacquelyn M. Weir, Natalie A. Mellett, Jayne Barbour, Peter J. Meikle, Richard J. Cohn, Nigel Turner, Edna C. Hardeman, David Simar
Journal: Metabolism (2019)
Symptomatic mucosal involvement in pachyonychia congenita: challenges in infants and young children
Authors: I. Goldberg, J. Mashiah, A. Kutz, A. Derowe, E. Warshauer, M.E. Schwartz, F. Smith, E. Sprecher, C.D. Hansen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

BackgroundPachyonychia congenita (PC) is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis caused by a mutation in any one of five keratin genes (KRT6A, KRT6B, KRT6C, KRT16 or KRT17). Characteristic features of PC are painful palmoplantar keratoderma, variable nail dystrophy, cysts, follicular hyperkeratosis and often oral leukokeratosis. Although oral leukokeratosis can go unnoticed, mucosal involvement of the oral cavity and upper airways can manifest with pain during feeding, hoarseness, stridor and, occasionally, life‐threatening obstruction.
Echocardiographic Features of Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Amil M. Shah, Maja Cikes, Narayana Prasad, Guichu Li, Stoyan Getchevski, Brian Claggett, Adel Rizkala, Ilya Lukashevich, Eileen O’Meara, John J. Ryan, Sanjiv J. Shah, Wilfred Mullens, Michael R. Zile, Carolyn S.P. Lam, John J.V. McMurray, Scott D. Solomon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
The most fundamental change in asthma management in 30 years?
Authors: Israel Amirav, Michael T. Newhouse
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2019)

We would like to raise our considerable concern regarding a potential major change in the management of exacerbations of asthma which is soon to be discussed in the European Union (EU). The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) has recently changed their recommendation regarding management of patients with mild asthma. Instead of using only short-acting β2-agonist (SABA) as needed, GINA suggests that all patients should also be using inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) simultaneously. This was based on a few studies that have used "as needed" ICS/long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) for acute asthma. A group of authors has hailed this change as "the most fundamental change in asthma management in 30 years" and explained, in detail, the reasons for the change in an article recently published in the European Respiratory Journal [1]. Changes in GINA guidelines should be confirmed by an independent body of experts in asthma management <http://bit.ly/2zbUHp8>
Associations of dairy intake with risk of mortality in women and men: three prospective cohort studies
Authors: Ming Ding, Jun Li, Lu Qi, Christina Ellervik, Xuehong Zhang, JoAnn E Manson, Meir Stampfer, Jorge E Chavarro, Kathryn M Rexrode, Peter Kraft, Daniel Chasman, Walter C Willett, Frank B Hu
Journal: BMJ (2019)

To examine the association of consumption of dairy foods with risk of total and cause specific mortality in women and men.
Cross-dressed dendritic cells sustain effector T cell responses in islet and kidney allografts
Authors: Andrew D. Hughes, Daqiang Zhao, Hehua Dai, Khodor I. Abou-Daya, Roger Tieu, Rayan Rammal, Amanda L. Williams, Douglas P. Landsittel, Warren D. Shlomchik, Adrian E. Morelli, Martin H. Oberbarnscheidt, Fadi G. Lakkis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2019)

Activation of host T cells that mediate allograft rejection is a 2-step process. The first occurs in secondary lymphoid organs where T cells encounter alloantigens presented by host DCs and differentiate to effectors. Antigen presentation at these sites occurs principally via transfer of intact, donor MHC-peptide complexes from graft cells to host DCs (cross-dressing) or by uptake and processing of donor antigens into allopeptides bound to self-MHC molecules (indirect presentation). The second step takes place in the graft, where effector T cells reengage with host DCs before causing rejection. How host DCs present alloantigens to T cells in the graft is not known. Using mouse islet and kidney transplantation models, imaging cytometry, and 2-photon intravital microscopy, we demonstrate extensive cross-dressing of intragraft host DCs with donor MHC-peptide complexes that occurred early after transplantation, whereas host DCs presenting donor antigen via the indirect pathway were rare. Cross-dressed DCs stably engaged TCR-transgenic effector CD8+ T cells that recognized donor antigen and were sufficient for sustaining acute rejection. In the chronic kidney rejection model, cross-dressing declined over time but was still conspicuous 8 weeks after transplantation. We conclude that cross-dressing of host DCs with donor MHC molecules is a major antigen presentation pathway driving effector T cell responses within allografts.
Beclin 1 Promotes Endosome Recruitment of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Tyrosine Kinase Substrate to Suppress Tumor Proliferation
Authors: Asia N. Matthew-Onabanjo, Jenny Janusis, Jose Mercado-Matos, Anne E. Carlisle, Dohoon Kim, Fayola Levine, Peter Cruz-Gordillo, Ryan Richards, Michael J. Lee, Leslie M. Shaw
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Beclin 1 has nonautophagic functions that include its ability to regulate endocytic receptor trafficking. However, the contribution of this function to tumor suppression is poorly understood. Here, we provide in vivo evidence that Beclin 1 suppresses tumor proliferation by regulating the endocytic trafficking and degradation of the EGFR and transferrin (TFR1) receptors. Beclin 1 promoted endosomal recruitment of hepatocyte growth factor tyrosine kinase substrate (HRS), which was necessary for sorting surface receptors to intraluminal vesicles for signal silencing and lysosomal degradation. In tumors with low Beclin 1 expression, endosomal HRS recruitment was diminished and receptor function was sustained. Collectively, our results demonstrate a novel role for Beclin 1 in impeding tumor growth by coordinating the regulation of key growth factor and nutrient receptors. These data provide an explanation for how low levels of Beclin 1 facilitate tumor proliferation and contribute to poor cancer outcomes. Significance: Beclin 1 controls the trafficking fate of growth regulatory receptors to suppress tumor proliferation.
Exome sequencing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis implicates a novel gene, DNAJC7, encoding a heat-shock protein
Authors: Sali M. K. Farhan, Daniel P. Howrigan, Liam E. Abbott, Joseph R. Klim, Simon D. Topp, Andrea E. Byrnes, Claire Churchhouse, Hemali Phatnani, Bradley N. Smith, Evadnie Rampersaud, Gang Wu, Joanne Wuu, Aleksey Shatunov, Alfredo Iacoangeli, Ahmad Al Khleifat, Daniel A. Mordes, Sulagna Ghosh, Kevin Eggan, Rosa Rademakers, Jacob L. McCauley, Rebecca Schüle, Stephan Züchner, Michael Benatar, J. Paul Taylor, Michael Nalls, Marc Gotkine, Pamela J. Shaw, Karen E. Morrison, Ammar Al-Chalabi, Bryan Traynor, Christopher E. Shaw, David B. Goldstein, Matthew B. Harms, Mark J. Daly, Benjamin M. Neale
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2019)
Imaging of Prostate Cancer Recurrence in the Vas Deferens With 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT
Authors: Dimitrios Priftakis, Asim Afaq, Jamshed Bomanji
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Two cases with Ga-PSMA-avid prostate cancer recurrence in the vas deferens are presented. These cases highlight the clinical importance of imaging the pattern of local prostate cancer recurrence and the potential difficulties that arise due to the altered anatomy in the prostate bed after prostatectomy or radiotherapy.
Role of Rac1 GTPase hyperactivity in suppressing p21Cip1 levels and stimulating prostate cancer cell proliferation and tumor formation
Authors: Joanne M. Faysal, Selena Knight-Krajewski, Carol A. Maiorino, Wayne Balkan, Catherine F. Welsh, Kerry L. Burnstein
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004

820 

Abnormally suppressed levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) are associated with aggressive, androgen-independent prostate cancer and contribute to deregulated cell proliferation. The androgen-independent human prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP-104R1, ALVA31, and PC-3, express low levels of the CKI, p21Cip1, compared to the less malignant, androgen-dependent LNCaP cells. We investigated the mechanism underlying p21 suppression by examining the role of Rho GTPases, signaling proteins that play important roles in cell cycle progression, at least in part through regulation of CKIs. In particular, we tested the hypothesis that increased activity of Rho GTPases in highly malignant, androgen-independent prostate cancer cells represses p21, thereby permitting uncontrolled cell cycle progression. Inhibition of the Rho family member, Rac1, using a dominant negative Rac1 mutant or by introduction of exogenous binding domain from the Rac1 effector, PAK-1, induced p21 expression in androgen-independent lines. Rac1 inhibition had no effect on the higher p21 levels characteristic of LNCaP cells; however, overexpression of constitutively active Rac1 suppressed p21 levels in LNCaP. Thus, Rac1 activity is both necessary and sufficient for suppression of p21 in prostate cancer cells. The induction of p21 in the androgen-independent cell lines was functionally significant as demonstrated by inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 activity and decreased cell proliferation. Furthermore, Rac1 activity, but not Rac1 protein levels, was significantly higher in all three androgen-independent cell lines compared to LNCaP cells. To assess the role of Rac1 in tumorigenesis, we stably expressed constitutively active Rac1 in LNCaP cells (LNCaP/CA-Rac1) and assessed tumor formation in nude mice. LNCaP/CA-Rac1 xenografts exhibited a higher tumor take rate and grew more rapidly than LNCaP controls expressing the vector alone (LNCaP/neo). These results are unique in describing a role for Rac1 in p21 regulation and implicate the Rac1 signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target for controlling prostate cancer cell growth following progression to androgen independence. Supported by U.S. Department of Defense DAMD17-02-1-0094.
Genetically-Defined Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Subsets Arise By Distinct Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Predict Outcome
Authors: Bjoern Chapuy, Chip Stewart, Andrew Dunford, Jaegil Kim, Atanas Kamburow, Robert A. Redd, Michael Lawrence, Margaretha G.M. Roemer, Amy Li, Marita Ziepert, Annette M. Staiger, Jeremiah Wala, Matthew D. Ducar, Ignaty Leshchiner, Esther Rheinbay, Amaro Taylor-Weiner, Caroline Coughlin, Julian Hess, Chandra Pedamallu, Dimitri Livitz, Daniel Rosebrock, Mara Rosenberg, Adam Tracy, Heike Horn, Paul van Hummelen, Andrew L Feldman, Brian K Link, Anne J Novak, James R. Cerhan, Thomas M Habermann, Reiner Siebert, Andreas Rosenwald, Aaron R. Thorner, Matthew Meyerson, Todd R. Golub, Rameen Beroukhim, Gerald Wulf, German Ott, Scott J. Rodig, Stefano Monti, Donna S. Neuberg, Markus Loeffler, Michael Pfreundschuh, Lorenz Trümper, Gad Getz, Margaret A. Shipp
Journal: Blood (2017)
A multicenter phase II study of neoadjuvant FOLFOXIRI followed by concurrent capecitabine and radiotherapy for high risk rectal cancer: A final report
Authors: G. Lam, M. Tong, J. Lee, S. Chu, D.C. Ng, D.C.M. Lam, C. Cho, E.H. Hung, L. Li, W.M. Ho, E.P. Hui, A.W. Chan, S. Hon, T. Mak, S. Ng, J. Suen, F. Mo, B.B.Y. Ma
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Correlation between bio-impedance analysis and abdominal CT scan to diagnose decreased muscle mass in adult cancer patients
Authors: A. Kurniawan, R.D. Hatma, A. Adisasmita, N. Soetandyo, F. Witjaksono, S.S. Panigoro, D.S. Rivami, R. Sumantri, T.Z. Tamin, F. Wijovi, H. Putri, W.M. Raffaello, O.A. Saroso, J. Rahman, D.A. Halim
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Determinants of cancer patients revealing their own cancers to minor children: A cross-sectional web-based survey in an online cancer community.
Authors: Tatsuto Terada, Kazuhiro Kosugi, Yohei Nishiguchi, Tomofumi Miura, Daisuke Fujisawa, Yuko Uehara, Takashi Kawaguchi, Kayo Izumi, Jun Takehana, Yoshihisa Matsumoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

23 Background: It is extremely stressful and difficult for cancer patients to tell their children that they had cancer. However, few small studies have been conducted to assess the characteristics of patients who told their children of their cancer. This study aimed to explore determinants of patients who revealed to their minor children that they had cancer. Methods: This was a sub-analysis of a cross-sectional web-based survey. Cancer patients with minor children were recruited from an online community and were asked to answer a questionnaire. Subjects diagnosed with cancer and whose eldest children were aged &lt; 18 years were enrolled. Binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the determinants of patients who revealed to their minor children that they had cancer. Results: Overall, 313 subjects were eligible [19.2% male; mean age (SD), 42.1 years (5.57)]. The commonest primary cancer site was the breast (32.9%), followed by gynecological organs (12.1%) and colorectal region (11.2%). Among the patients, 218 (69.6%) revealed their cancer to their children. In a multivariate analysis, children’s age &gt; 6 years significantly correlated with parents revealing to their children that they had cancer compared to children’s age &lt; 6 years [children aged 12–17 years: odds ratio (OR), 27.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 9.52–77.93; p &lt; 0.001; children aged 6–11 years: OR, 10.39; 95% CI, 4.53–23.86; p &lt; 0.001]. In the subgroup analysis, children’s age, male patients with children aged 0–5 years (OR, 7.11; 95% CI, 1.14–44.22; p = 0.036), and female children aged 6–11 years (OR, 3.85; 95% CI, 1.1–13.51; p = 0.035) correlated with the parents revealing to their children that they had cancer. Conclusions: The decision to reveal parent’s cancer to minor children was affected by children’s age and gender of patients and their children.
Impact of Historic Migrations and Evolutionary Processes on Human Immunity
Authors: Jorge Domínguez-Andrés, Mihai G. Netea
Journal: Trends in Immunology (2019)

The evolution of mankind has constantly been influenced by the pathogens encountered. The various populations of modern humans that ventured out of Africa adapted to different environments and faced a large variety of infectious agents, resulting in local adaptations of the immune system for these populations. The functional variation of immune genes as a result of evolution is relevant in the responses against infection, as well as in the emergence of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases observed in modern populations. Understanding how host-pathogen interactions have influenced the human immune system from an evolutionary perspective might contribute to unveiling the causes behind different immune-mediated disorders and promote the development of new strategies to detect and control such diseases.
Association between Nuclear SET Domain (NSD) Protein Lysine Methyltransferases (KMT) Expression and Poor Prognosis in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) Patients Treated with ATRA and Anthracycline Protocol
Authors: Virginia Mara De Deus Wagatsuma, Diego A Pereira-Martins, Silvia Elena Sánchez Mendoza, Luisa C A Koury, Mariane Cristina Nascimento, Raul Antônio Morais Melo, Rosane Bittencourt, Katia B Pagnano, Ricardo Pasquini, Carlos Chiattone, Evandro Maranhão Fagundes, Maria de Lourdes Chauffaille, Antonio R. Lucena-Araujo, Martin S. Tallman, Stanley L. Schrier, Raul C. Ribeiro, Arnold Ganser, Bob Lowenberg, Francesco Lo Coco, Miguel A. Sanz, Nancy Berliner, Eduardo Magalhães Rego
Journal: Blood (2017)
Preoperative neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) predicts recurrence after surgery in patient with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (PanNEN)
Authors: T. Miura, T. Aoki, H. Ohtsuka, S. Aoki, T. Hata, M. Iseki, T. Takadate, K. Ariake, K. Kawaguchi, K. Masuda, M. Ishida, M. Mizuma, H. Hayashi, K. Nakagawa, T. Morikawa, F. Motoi, H. Sasano, T. Naitoh, T. Kamei, M. Unno
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Extrinsic and intrinsic representations
Authors: Sidney R. Lehky, Anne B. Sereno
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2019)

Abstract We extend the discussion in the target article about distinctions between extrinsic coding (external references to known things, as required by information theory) and the alternative we and the target article both favor, intrinsic coding (internal relationships within sensory and motor signals). Central to our thinking about intrinsic coding is population coding and the concept of high-dimensional neural response spaces.
A novel faecal <i>Lachnoclostridium</i> marker for the non-invasive diagnosis of colorectal adenoma and cancer
Authors: Jessie Qiaoyi Liang, Tong Li, Geicho Nakatsu, Ying-Xuan Chen, Tung On Yau, Eagle Chu, Sunny Wong, Chun Ho Szeto, Siew C Ng, Francis K L Chan, Jing-Yuan Fang, Joseph J Y Sung, Jun Yu
Journal: Gut (2019)

Objective There is a need for early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) at precancerous-stage adenoma. Here, we identified novel faecal bacterial markers for diagnosing adenoma. Design This study included 1012 subjects (274 CRC, 353 adenoma and 385 controls) from two independent Asian groups. Candidate markers were identified by metagenomics and validated by targeted quantitative PCR. Results Metagenomic analysis identified ‘ m3 ’ from a Lachnoclostridium sp., Fusobacterium nucleatum ( Fn ) and Clostridium hathewayi ( Ch ) to be significantly enriched in adenoma. Faecal m3 and Fn were significantly increased from normal to adenoma to CRC (p&lt;0.0001, linear trend by one-way ANOVA) in group I (n=698), which was further confirmed in group II (n=313; p&lt;0.0001). Faecal m3 may perform better than Fn in distinguishing adenoma from controls (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCs) m3 =0.675 vs Fn =0.620, p=0.09), while Fn performed better in diagnosing CRC (AUROCs Fn =0.862 vs m3 =0.741, p&lt;0.0001). At 78.5% specificity, m3 and Fn showed sensitivities of 48.3% and 33.8% for adenoma, and 62.1% and 77.8% for CRC, respectively. In a subgroup tested with faecal immunochemical test (FIT; n=642), m3 performed better than FIT in detecting adenoma (sensitivities for non-advanced and advanced adenomas of 44.2% and 50.8% by m3 (specificity=79.6%) vs 0% and 16.1% by FIT (specificity=98.5%)). Combining with FIT improved sensitivity of m3 for advanced adenoma to 56.8%. The combination of m3 with Fn , Ch , Bacteroides clarus and FIT performed best for diagnosing CRC (specificity=81.2% and sensitivity=93.8%). Conclusion This study identifies a novel bacterial marker m3 for the non-invasive diagnosis of colorectal adenoma.
Narrative medicine: A useful approach for difficult conversations.
Authors: Leslie J. Hinyard, Cara L. Wallace, April Trees, Jennifer E. Ohs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

6 Background: Narrative medicine (NM) is acknowledged as an effective approach for valuing patient and provider experiences. The NM approach requires developing narrative competence to “recognize, absorb, interpret, and honor” the stories of self and other (Charon, 2010). Given the difficulties providers face engaging in end-of-life (EOL) and advance care planning (ACP) conversations, this study reports the results of a NM workshop to 1) develop skills in attending and responding to the stories of others as part of ACP conversations and 2) reflect on their own stories of loss in relation to their professional practice. Methods: 80 health care professionals participated in a workshop on NM principles for end-of-life care and completed both pre- and post-workshop surveys. Workshop activities included a close reading on a professional’s story of personal loss and a reflective writing exercise sharing one’s own personal story of loss. Small groups debriefed after each exercise. 2 participants were current students and were dropped from analysis, for a final analytic sample of 78. Participants completed surveys at baseline and at the conclusion of the workshop. Surveys included questions on participant demographics, confidence for EOL conversations, and the ACP Self Efficacy scale. Descriptive statistics were calculated for sample demographics and post-workshop evaluation questions. A paired sample t-test was used to compare ACP Self Efficacy scores pre- and post-workshop. Confidence for EOL conversations was compared pre- and post-workshop using Kendall’s tau-b. Results: The mean age of the sample was 46.6 years (SD 13.1), 94% were female, and 82% were White. Social workers represented 84.6% of the sample. 53% of the sample reported having some type of advance care directive for themselves. Self-efficacy for engaging in ACP conversations increased from pre- to post-workshop (p &lt; 0.0001) and there was a statistically significant improvement in confidence discussing death and dying from pre- to post-workshop (p = 0.004). Conclusions: NM competencies improve self-efficacy and confidence for engaging in ACP and EOL conversations. Providers find the NM approach to be a useful framework for engaging in difficult conversations about end-of-life.
RETRACTED: miR-639 Expression Is Silenced by DNMT3A-Mediated Hypermethylation and Functions as a Tumor Suppressor in Liver Cancer Cells
Authors: Jing Xiao, Yankun Liu, Fuxia Wu, Ruiyan Liu, Yongli Xie, Qian Yang, Yufeng Li, Min Liu, Shengping Li, Hua Tang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2019)

Emerging evidence has indicated that abnormal methylation of DNA contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the regulatory mechanisms are not well known. Here, we revealed that microRNA-639 (miR-639) expression is downregulated in liver cancer tissues and cells. The repression of miR-639 expression was attributed to hypermethylation in its promoter region, and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT3A) was found to mediate this hypermethylation. Repression of miR-639 expression promoted cell growth and migration/invasion in vitro and the growth of tumors in xenograft mouse models. Furthermore, miR-639 bound to the 3' UTR of both MYST2 and ZEB1 and suppressed their expression. MYST2 promoted the growth of liver cancer cells and ZEB1 facilitated the migration/invasion of liver cancer cells. Ectopic expression of MYST2 and ZEB1 counteracted the repression of malignancy induced by miR-639, which coincided with the reciprocal correlation between miR-639 and MYST2 and ZEB1 expression in clinical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. Thus, DNMT3A-mediated hypermethylation suppressed miR-639 expression, derepressing the expression of MSYT2 and ZEB1, which promoted tumorigenesis of liver cancer. These findings may shed light on the mechanism of abnormal expression of miRNAs involved in the malignancy of liver cancer and provide new biomarkers for liver cancer.