tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
2020 International Consensus on First Aid Science With Treatment Recommendations
Authors: Eunice M. Singletary, David A. Zideman, Jason C. Bendall, David C. Berry, Vere Borra, Jestin N. Carlson, Pascal Cassan, Wei-Tien Chang, Nathan P. Charlton, Therese Djärv, Matthew J. Douma, Jonathan L. Epstein, Natalie A. Hood, David S. Markenson, Daniel Meyran, Aaron M. Orkin, Tetsuya Sakamoto, Janel M. Swain, Jeff A. Woodin, Emmy De Buck, Niels De Brier, Dorien O, Christopher Picard, Craig Goolsby, Emily Oliver, Barry Klaassen, Kurtis Poole, Theresa Aves, Steve Lin, Anthony J. Handley, Jan Jensen, Katherine S. Allan, Chien-Chang Lee, Georg M. Schmölzer, Peter T. Morley, Robby Nieuwlaat, Eddy Lang
Journal: Circulation (2020)

This is the summary publication of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation’s 2020 International Consensus on First Aid Science With Treatment Recommendations . It addresses the most recent published evidence reviewed by the First Aid Task Force science experts. This summary addresses the topics of first aid methods of glucose administration for hypoglycemia; techniques for cooling of exertional hyperthermia and heatstroke; recognition of acute stroke; the use of supplementary oxygen in acute stroke; early or first aid use of aspirin for chest pain; control of life-threatening bleeding through the use of tourniquets, hemostatic dressings, direct pressure, or pressure devices; the use of a compression wrap for closed extremity joint injuries; and temporary storage of an avulsed tooth. Additional summaries of scoping reviews are presented for the use of a recovery position, recognition of a concussion, and 6 other first aid topics. The First Aid Task Force has assessed, discussed, and debated the certainty of evidence on the basis of Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria and present their consensus treatment recommendations with evidence-to-decision highlights and identified priority knowledge gaps for future research.
TCT CONNECT-103 Immediate Post-TAVR Echocardiographic and Invasive Mean Gradients in Balloon Versus Self-Expanding Valves: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Amr Abbas, Ramy Mando, Karim Al-Azizi, Thomas Pilgrim, Taishi Okuno, Alexander Camacho, Alexandra Selberg, Safwan Kassas, Philippe Pibarot, Julien Ternacle, Jared Christensen, Amer N. Kadri, Thomas Waggoner, Neil Gheewala, George Hanzel, Francis Shannon, Michael Mack, Sammy Elmariah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Immune thrombocytopenia (<scp>ITP</scp>) <scp>World Impact Survey</scp> (<scp>I‐WISh</scp>): Impact of <scp>ITP</scp> on health‐related quality of life
Authors: Nichola Cooper, Alexandra Kruse, Caroline Kruse, Shirley Watson, Mervyn Morgan, Drew Provan, Waleed Ghanima, Donald M. Arnold, Yoshiaki Tomiyama, Cristina Santoro, Marc Michel, Serge Laborde, Barbara Lovrencic, Ming Hou, Tom Bailey, Gavin Taylor‐Stokes, Jens Haenig, James B. Bussel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2020)

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) has a substantial, multifaceted impact on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Data describing which aspects of ITP physicians and patients perceive as having the greatest impact are limited. The ITP World Impact Survey (I-WISh) was a cross-sectional survey, including 1507 patients and 472 physicians, to establish the impact of ITP on HRQoL and productivity from patient and physician perspectives. Patients reported that ITP reduced their energy levels (85% of patients), capacity to exercise (77%), and limited their ability to perform daily tasks (75%). Eighty percent of physicians reported that ITP symptoms reduced patient HRQoL, with 66% reporting ITP-related fatigue substantially reduced patient HRQoL. Patients believed ITP had a substantial impact on emotional well-being (49%) and 63% worried their condition would worsen. Because of ITP, 49% of patients had already reduced, or seriously considered reducing their working hours, and 29% had considered terminating their employment. Thirty-six percent of patients employed at the time of the survey felt ITP decreased their work productivity, while 51% of patients with high/very high symptom burden reported that ITP affected their productivity. Note, I-WISh demonstrated substantive impact of ITP on patients' HRQoL both directly for patients and from the viewpoint of their physicians. Patients reported reduced energy levels, expressed fears their condition might worsen, and those who worked experienced reduced productivity. Physicians should be aware not only of platelet counts and bleeding but also the multi-dimensional impact of ITP on patients' lives as an integral component of disease management.
Combination of radiotherapy and suppression of Tregs enhances abscopal antitumor effect and inhibits metastasis in rectal cancer
Authors: Dengbo Ji, Can Song, Yongheng Li, Jinhong Xia, Yanjing Wu, Jinying Jia, Xinxin Cui, Songmao Yu, Jin Gu
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Background Distant metastasis is the major cause of mortality in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Local radiotherapy can trigger an abscopal response to metastatic tumor cells. However, the abscopal effect is a rare event. CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cell is a highly immune-suppressive subset which impedes immune surveillance against cancer, prevents the development of effective antitumor immunity and promotes tumor progression. We assume that the exploitation of the proimmunogenic effects of radiotherapy with anti-CD25 or anti-Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4 (anti-CTLA4) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) may enhance the local and abscopal effects in rectal cancer and improve the therapeutic outcome. Methods mRNA expression profiling of 81 pretreatment biopsy samples from LARC patients who received neoadjuvant radiotherapy (nRT) was performed to analyze the correlation between gene expression and prognosis. A retrospective analysis of patients with rectal cancer with distant metastasis or synchronous extracolonic cancers was performed to evaluate the abscopal effect of radiotherapy on rectal cancer. Two different dual-tumor mouse models were established to investigate the efficacy of single dose and dose-fractionated radiotherapy combined with anti-CD25 or anti-CTLA4 and anti-Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (anti-PD1) mAbs on the local tumor growth and liver metastasis. The univariate Cox regression analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Dunnett’s test, a mixed-effect linear model and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to calculate p values. Results The proportion of Tregs in pre-nRT biopsies was negatively correlated with prognosis (p=0.007). The retrospective analysis showed that regressing liver metastases were infiltrated by CD8+ T cells. In contrast, stable/progressing metastases and synchronous extracolonic cancers were characterized by PD1+ T cells and Tregs infiltration. Animal experiment results demonstrated that the combination of radiotherapy and anti-CD25/CTLA4 mAb resulted in a significant increase in CD8+ T cells and CD8+/CD4+ ratio in primary and secondary tumors compared with the irradiation alone group (all p&lt;0.05 or p&lt;0.01). The combined treatment was able to decrease Tregs, PD1+CD8+ and PD1+CD4+ T cells (p&lt;0.05), suppress locally irradiated and distal unirradiated tumor growth, and improve overall survival rate. Radiotherapy in conjunction with anti-CTLA4 reduced liver metastasis (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions These data indicated that radiotherapy plus depletion of Tregs was able to improve the antitumor response and generate an abscopal effect.
Omics-based tracking of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>persistence in “eradicated” cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: Jennifer A. Bartell, Lea M. Sommer, Rasmus L. Marvig, Marianne Skov, Tacjana Pressler, Søren Molin, Helle Krogh Johansen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Whenever Pseudomonas aeruginosa is cultured from cystic fibrosis (CF) patient airways, the primary goal is eradication by antibiotic therapy. Success is defined by ≥6 months of negative bacterial airway cultures. However, we suspect that P. aeruginosa persists in airways without clinical detection for long periods. Out of 298 P. aeruginosa -infected Copenhagen CF patients, we identified 80 with complete P. aeruginosa monitoring records and measured their maximum P. aeruginosa -free eradication periods (MEP). Isolates from 72 patients were whole-genome sequenced (n=567) and clone typed. Select isolate relatedness was examined through phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic multivariate modelling. 69 (86%) patients exhibited eradication in the monitoring period (2002–2018). Sequenced isolates bridged the MEP of 42 patients, and the same clone type persisted over the MEP in 18 (43%) patients. Patients with failed eradication were on average treated more intensively with antibiotics, but this may be linked to their more severe pre-MEP infection trajectories. Of the 42 patients, 26 also had sinus surgery; the majority (n=15) showed MEPs adjacent to surgery, and only five had persisting clone types. Importantly, combined phylogenetic–phenomic evaluation suggests that persisting clone types are a result of re-emergence of the same strain rather than re-infection from the environment, and similar relatedness is exhibited by paired lower and upper airway samples and in transmission cases. In conclusion, nearly half of CF patients with supposed eradication may not truly be cleared of their original bacteria according to omics-based monitoring. This distinct cohort that is persistently infected would probably benefit from tailored antibiotic therapy.
TCT CONNECT-57 Clinical Outcomes According to Lesion Complexity in Patients With High Bleeding Risk Treated With 1-Month Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Following PCI: Analysis From the Onyx ONE Clear Study
Authors: David Kandzari, Ajay Kirtane, Roxana Mehran, Matthew Price, Daniel Simon, Azeem Latib, Elvin Kedhi, Alexandre Abizaid, Stephen G. Worthley, Azfar Zaman, Lilian Lee, Te-Hsin Lung, Stephan Windecker, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Monogenic variants in dystonia: an exome-wide sequencing study
Authors: Michael Zech, Robert Jech, Sylvia Boesch, Matej Škorvánek, Sandrina Weber, Matias Wagner, Chen Zhao, Angela Jochim, Ján Necpál, Yasemin Dincer, Katharina Vill, Felix Distelmaier, Malgorzata Stoklosa, Martin Krenn, Stephan Grunwald, Tobias Bock-Bierbaum, Anna Fečíková, Petra Havránková, Jan Roth, Iva Příhodová, Miriam Adamovičová, Olga Ulmanová, Karel Bechyně, Pavlína Danhofer, Branislav Veselý, Vladimír Haň, Petra Pavelekova, Zuzana Gdovinová, Tobias Mantel, Tobias Meindl, Alexandra Sitzberger, Sebastian Schröder, Astrid Blaschek, Timo Roser, Michaela V Bonfert, Edda Haberlandt, Barbara Plecko, Birgit Leineweber, Steffen Berweck, Thomas Herberhold, Berthold Langguth, Jana Švantnerová, Michal Minár, Gonzalo Alonso Ramos-Rivera, Monica H Wojcik, Sander Pajusalu, Katrin Õunap, Ulrich A Schatz, Laura Pölsler, Ivan Milenkovic, Franco Laccone, Veronika Pilshofer, Roberto Colombo, Steffi Patzer, Arcangela Iuso, Julia Vera, Monica Troncoso, Fang Fang, Holger Prokisch, Friederike Wilbert, Matthias Eckenweiler, Elisabeth Graf, Dominik S Westphal, Korbinian M Riedhammer, Theresa Brunet, Bader Alhaddad, Riccardo Berutti, Tim M Strom, Martin Hecht, Matthias Baumann, Marc Wolf, Aida Telegrafi, Richard E Person, Francisca Millan Zamora, Lindsay B Henderson, David Weise, Thomas Musacchio, Jens Volkmann, Anna Szuto, Jessica Becker, Kirsten Cremer, Thomas Sycha, Fritz Zimprich, Verena Kraus, Christine Makowski, Pedro Gonzalez-Alegre, Tanya M Bardakjian, Laurie J Ozelius, Annalisa Vetro, Renzo Guerrini, Esther Maier, Ingo Borggraefe, Alice Kuster, Saskia B Wortmann, Annette Hackenberg, Robert Steinfeld, Birgit Assmann, Christian Staufner, Thomas Opladen, Evžen Růžička, Ronald D Cohn, David Dyment, Wendy K Chung, Hartmut Engels, Andres Ceballos-Baumann, Rafal Ploski, Oliver Daumke, Bernhard Haslinger, Volker Mall, Konrad Oexle, Juliane Winkelmann
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2020)
Abstract 10712: A Systematic Review on the Impact of Food Provision Studies on Heart Disease Outcomes
Authors: Joe B Martinez, Aleda M Chen, Julia Gardner, Sarah Berman, Juanita A Draime
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Heart disease continues to result in poor healthcare outcomes, causing almost 25% of deaths and 735,000 heart attacks annually. Healthcare costs are estimated at $515 billion annually...
Web Exclusive Cloth Masks May Prevent Transmission of COVID-19: An Evidence-Based, Risk-Based Approach
Authors: C. M. Clase, E. L. Fu, M. Joseph, R. C. L. Beale, M. B. Dolovich, M. Jardine, J. F. E. Mann, R. Pecoits-Filho, W. C. Winkelmayer, J. J. Carrero
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)
Developing univariate neurodegeneration biomarkers with low-rank and sparse subspace decomposition
Authors: Gang Wang, Qunxi Dong, Jianfeng Wu, Yi Su, Kewei Chen, Qingtang Su, Xiaofeng Zhang, Jinguang Hao, Tao Yao, Li Liu, Caiming Zhang, Richard J. Caselli, Eric M. Reiman, Yalin Wang
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2020)
Finerenone — Halting Relative Hyperaldosteronism in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Julie R. Ingelfinger, Clifford J. Rosen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Type 2 diabetes is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease. Cardiovascular risk and the risk of progression of kidney disease are very high among patients with diabetes mellitus, particularly among those with CKD. Clinical strategies to prevent cardiovascular disease and the development of new diabetic kidney disease or to slow the progression of CKD that is already present have been incorporated into clinical practice for the past three decades and include angiotensin-converting–enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers and, more recently, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (gliflozins), such as dapagliflozin and empagliflozin. However, few of the . . .
TCT CONNECT-439 Ventricular Septal Rupture Morphological Analysis by 3-Dimensional Tomographic Reconstruction
Authors: Eduardo Arias, Juan Sandoval-Jones, Amit Bhan, Julio Farjat Pasos, Felix Damas De Los Santos, Hugo Rodríguez-Zanella, Héctor González-Pacheco, Alexandra Arias, Regina de la Mora Cervantes, Gian Manuel Jiménez Rodríguez, Moises Jimenez-Santos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Prevalence and Characteristics of Telehealth Utilization in the United States
Authors: Shira H. Fischer, Kristin N. Ray, Ateev Mehrotra, Erika Litvin Bloom, Lori Uscher-Pines
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Telehealth services, which allow patients to communicate with a remotely located clinician, are increasingly available; however, prevalence of telehealth use, including videoconferencing visits, remains unclear. <h3>Objective</h3> To measure the use of and willingness to use telehealth modalities across the US population. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This survey study, conducted between February 2019 and April 2019, asked participants about their use of different telehealth modalities, reasons for not using videoconferencing visits, and willingness to use videoconferencing visits. Questions were continuously posed to panel members and closed after 2555 responses were obtained, at which point 3932 panel members had been invited, for a 65.0% response rate. <h3>Exposures</h3> Demographic characteristics (ie, age, sex, race, rural/urban residency, education level, and income). <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Self-reported use of specific telehealth modalities, reasons for nonuse, and willingness to use videoconferencing in the future. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 2555 individuals completed the survey with a mean (SD) age of 57.2 (14.2) years; 1453 respondents (weighted percentage, 51.9%) were women, and 2043 (weighted percentage, 73.4%) were White individuals. Overall, 1343 respondents (weighted percentage, 50.8%) reported use of a nontelephone telehealth modality, ranging from 873 respondents (weighted percentage, 31.9%) for patient portals and 89 respondents (weighted percentage, 4.2%) for videoconferencing visits. Although 1309 respondents (weighted percentage, 49.2%) overall answered that they were willing or very willing to use videoconferencing visits, respondents who were Black individuals (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.38-0.91), aged older than 65 years (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.40-0.66), or had less education (high school or less vs advanced degrees: OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.25-0.56) were less likely to express willingness. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Despite the focused policy attention on videoconferencing visits, the results of this survey study suggest that other forms of telehealth were more dominant prior to 2020. Targeted efforts may be necessary for videoconferencing visits to reach patient groups who are older or have less education, and payer policies supporting other forms of telemedicine may be appropriate to enhance access.
TCT CONNECT-383 Impact of Coronary Lesion Severity on Long-Term Cardiac Outcomes in Renal Transplant Candidates
Authors: Angelo De La Rosa, Aaron Yung, Joseph Ebinger, James Mirocha, Edmund Huang, Dael Geft, Alice Peng, Babak Azarbal, Maulin Shah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Stopping Superfluous Shocks With System Solutions
Authors: Amneet Sandhu, Dan Matlock
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

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Effective control of<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>lung infection despite tertiary lymphoid structure disorganisation
Authors: Lucile Regard, Clémence Martin, Jean-Luc Teillaud, Hélène Lafoeste, Hugues Vicaire, Maha Zohra Ladjemi, Emilie Ollame-Omvane, Sophie Sibéril, Pierre-Régis Burgel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Background Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are triggered by persistent bronchopulmonary infection with Staphylococcus aureus , but their roles remain elusive. The present study sought to examine the effects of B- and/or T-cell depletion on S. aureus infection and TLS development (lymphoid neogenesis) in mice. Methods C57Bl/6 mice were pre-treated with 1) an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) (B-cell depletion) or 2) an anti-CD4 and/or an anti-CD8 mAb (T-cell depletion) or 3) a combination of anti-CD20, anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 mAbs (combined B- and T-cell depletion) or 4) isotype control mAbs. After lymphocyte depletion, mice were infected by intratracheal instillation of agarose beads containing S. aureus (10 6 CFU per mouse). 14 days later, bacterial load and lung inflammatory cell infiltration were assessed by cultures and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results 14 days after S. aureus -bead instillation, lung bacterial load was comparable between control and lymphocyte-depleted mice. While TLS were observed in the lungs of infected mice pre-treated with control mAbs, these structures were disorganised or abolished in the lungs of lymphocyte-depleted mice. The absence of CD20 + B-lymphocytes had no effect on CD3 + T-lymphocyte infiltration, whereas CD4 + /CD8 + T-cell depletion markedly reduced CD20 + B-cell infiltration. Depletion of CD4 + or CD8 + T-cells separately had limited effect on B-cell infiltration, but led to the absence of germinal centres. Conclusion TLS disorganisation is not associated with loss of infection control in mice persistently infected with S. aureus .
Broad transcriptional response of the human esophageal epithelium to proton pump inhibitors
Authors: Mark Rochman, Yong Mei Xie, Lydia Mack, Julie M. Caldwell, Andrea M. Klingler, Garrett A. Osswald, Nurit P. Azouz, Marc E. Rothenberg
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2020)
Effect of Empagliflozin on the Clinical Stability of Patients With Heart Failure and a Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Milton Packer, Stefan D Anker, Javed Butler, Gerasimos Filippatos, João Pedro Ferreira, Stuart J Pocock, Peter Carson, Inder Anand, Wolfram Doehner, Markus Haass, Michel Komajda, Alan Miller, Steen Pehrson, John R Teerlink, Martina Brueckmann, Waheed Jamal, Cordula Zeller, Sven Schnaidt, Faiez Zannad
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Empagliflozin reduces the risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure in patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction, with or without diabetes, but additional data are needed about the effect of the drug on inpatient and outpatient events that reflect worsening heart failure.We randomly assigned 3730 patients with class II to IV heart failure with an ejection fraction of ≤40% to double-blind treatment with placebo or empagliflozin (10 mg once daily), in addition to recommended treatments for heart failure, for a median of 16 months. We prospectively collected information on inpatient and outpatient events reflecting worsening heart failure and prespecified their analysis in individual and composite end points.Empagliflozin reduced the combined risk of death, hospitalization for heart failure or an emergent/urgent heart failure visit requiring intravenous treatment (415 versus 519 patients; empagliflozin versus placebo, respectively; hazard ratio [HR], 0.76; 95% CI, 0.67-0.87; P<0.0001). This benefit reached statistical significance at 12 days after randomization. Empagliflozin reduced the total number of heart failure hospitalizations that required intensive care (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.50-0.90; P=0.008) and that required a vasopressor or positive inotropic drug or mechanical or surgical intervention (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.47-0.87; P=0.005). As compared with placebo, fewer patients in the empagliflozin group reported intensification of diuretics (297 versus 414 [HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.56-0.78; P<0.0001]). Additionally, patients assigned to empagliflozin were 20% to 40% more likely to experience an improvement in New York Heart Association functional class and were 20% to 40% less likely to experience worsening of New York Heart Association functional class, with statistically significant effects that were apparent 28 days after randomization and maintained during long-term follow-up. The risk of any inpatient or outpatient worsening heart failure event in the placebo group was high (48.1 per 100 patient-years of follow-up), and it was reduced by empagliflozin (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.63-0.78; P<0.0001).In patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction, empagliflozin reduced the risk and total number of inpatient and outpatient worsening heart failure events, with benefits seen early after initiation of treatment and sustained for the duration of double-blind therapy. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03057977.