tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score at the primary care level: an analysis of over 160 000 blood samples
Authors: David Petroff, Olaf Bätz, Katrin Jedrysiak, Jan Kramer, Thomas Berg, Johannes Wiegand
Journal: Gut (2020)

We read with interest the recent article by Newsome et al which provides guidelines for general practitioners on the management of abnormal liver blood tests based on the clinical recognition pattern of elevated liver enzymes and recommendations on non-invasive laboratory based liver fibrosis scores such as Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) to exclude advanced fibrosis.1 Patients with low FIB-4 values should be managed in primary care, those with intermediate test results receive further diagnostics by an enhanced liver fibrosis test or ultrasound based elastography methods while those with high FIB-4 score are directly referred to secondary care. Newsome’s recommendations are especially relevant for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common aetiology of elevated liver enzymes in the primary care setting in the Western world.2 In NAFLD, the key predictor for liver related outcome and mortality is liver fibrosis.3 4 In Germany by the year 2030, 17 million NAFLD patients will present without fibrosis, but …
Moving from transplant as a treatment to transplant as a cure
Authors: Sam Kant, Daniel C. Brennan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

Immunosuppression continues to be a necessary component of transplantation, despite its association with a multitude of adverse effects. Numerous efforts have been made to circumvent the need for immunosuppression by using various techniques to achieve donor hyporesponsiveness. In this issue of the JCI, Morath et al. take this endeavor forward. Prior to transplantation, the researchers infused recipients with donor-modified immune cells and achieved immunologic hyporesponsiveness. This successful phase I trial also provides a possible avenue for achieving transplantation without the requisite immunosuppression.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation after hospital admission with covid-19
Authors: Zoë Fritz, Gavin D Perkins
Journal: BMJ (2020)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Diffusely abnormal white matter (DAWM), characterised by biochemical changes of myelin in the absence of frank demyelination, has been associated with clinical progression in secondary progressive MS (SPMS). However, little is known about changes of DAWM over time and their relation to focal white matter lesions (FWML). The objectives of this work were: 1) To characterize the longitudinal evolution of FWML, DAWM, and DAWM that transforms into FWML, and 2) To determine whether gadolinium enhancement, known to be associated with the development of new FWML, is also related to DAWM voxels that transform into FWML. Our data included 4220 MRI scans of 689 SPMS participants, followed for 156 weeks and 2677 scans of 686 RRMS participants, followed for 96 weeks. FWML and DAWM were segmented using a previously validated, automatic thresholding technique based on normalized T2 intensity values. Using longitudinally registered images, DAWM voxels at each visit that transformed into FWML on the last MRI scan as well as their overlap with gadolinium enhancing lesion masks were identified. Our results showed that the average yearly rate of conversion of DAWM-to-FWML was 1.27cc for SPMS and 0.80cc for RRMS. FWML in SPMS participants significantly increased (t=3.9; p=0.0001) while DAWM significantly decreased (t=-4.3 p&lt;0.0001) and the ratio FWML:DAWM increased (t=12.7; p&lt;0.00001). RRMS participants also showed an increase in the FWML:DAWM Ratio (t=6.9; p&lt;0.00001) but without a significant change of the individual volumes. Gadolinium enhancement was associated with 7.3% and 18.7% of focal New T2 lesion formation in the infrequent scans of the RRMS and SPMS cohorts, respectively. In comparison, only 0.1% and 0.0% of DAWM-to-FWML voxels overlapped with gadolinium enhancement. We conclude that DAWM transforms into FWML over time, in both RRMS and SPMS. DAWM appears to represent a form of pre-lesional pathology that contributes to T2 lesion volume increase over time, independent of new focal inflammation and gadolinium enhancement.
CINeMA: An approach for assessing confidence in the results of a network meta-analysis
Authors: Adriani Nikolakopoulou, Julian P. T. Higgins, Theodoros Papakonstantinou, Anna Chaimani, Cinzia Del Giovane, Matthias Egger, Georgia Salanti
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2020)

Background The evaluation of the credibility of results from a meta-analysis has become an important part of the evidence synthesis process. We present a methodological framework to evaluate confidence in the results from network meta-analyses, Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA), when multiple interventions are compared. Methodology CINeMA considers 6 domains: (i) within-study bias, (ii) reporting bias, (iii) indirectness, (iv) imprecision, (v) heterogeneity, and (vi) incoherence. Key to judgments about within-study bias and indirectness is the percentage contribution matrix, which shows how much information each study contributes to the results from network meta-analysis. The contribution matrix can easily be computed using a freely available web application. In evaluating imprecision, heterogeneity, and incoherence, we consider the impact of these components of variability in forming clinical decisions. Conclusions Via 3 examples, we show that CINeMA improves transparency and avoids the selective use of evidence when forming judgments, thus limiting subjectivity in the process. CINeMA is easy to apply even in large and complicated networks.
Familial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: P P VanArsdel
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: ISOM C. WALKER, RALPH C. SCOTT, ROBERT A. HELM
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Twelve cases whose electrocardiograms fulfilled at least one criterion of Sokolow and Lyon for right ventricular hypertrophy were examined at autopsy. Eight of the 12 demonstrated right ventricular hypertrophy anatomically. Eleven of the 12 cases had diseases usually associated with increased pressure in the right ventricle and pulmonary artery and with increased total pulmonary resistance. It is likely that factors other than muscle mass contribute significantly to the electrocardiographic pattern of right ventricular hypertrophy.
Linear Atrophoderma of Moulin
Authors: Wen-Ming Wang, Yue-Ping Zeng
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Lamina-associated domains: peripheral matters and internal affairs
Authors: Nolwenn Briand, Philippe Collas
Journal: Genome biology (2020)

Abstract At the nuclear periphery, associations of chromatin with the nuclear lamina through lamina-associated domains (LADs) aid functional organization of the genome. We review the organization of LADs and provide evidence of LAD heterogeneity from cell ensemble and single-cell data. LADs are typically repressive environments in the genome; nonetheless, we discuss findings of lamin interactions with regulatory elements of active genes, and the role lamins may play in genome regulation. We address the relationship between LADs and other genome organizers, and the involvement of LADs in laminopathies. The current data lay the basis for future studies on the significance of lamin-chromatin interactions in health and disease.
Improvements in Clinical Outcomes for <i>BRAFV600E</i>-Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Van K. Morris, Tanios Bekaii-Saab
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Although the last two decades have seen a broad improvement in overall survival, colorectal cancer is still the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Patient populations continue to face poor disease prognoses due to the challenges of early detection and the molecular subtypes driving their colorectal cancer. Consequently, many patients present with metastatic colorectal cancer, which often limits options and shifts treatment focus away from curative interventions. BRAFV600E mutations are present in approximately 10% of colorectal cancer tumors and are associated with uninhibited cell proliferation, reduced apoptosis, and resistance to standard therapeutic options. In colorectal cancer, BRAFV600E mutations are associated with decreased overall survival, poor treatment responses, and different patterns of metastatic spread compared with tumors with wild-type BRAF. Success in treating other BRAFV600E-mutant cancers with BRAF inhibitors as monotherapy has not translated into efficacious treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Consequently, combination therapy with inhibitors of BRAF, MEK, and EGFR, which overcomes the innate treatment-resistant characteristics of BRAFV600E-mutant colorectal cancer, is now recommended by treatment guidelines.
Abstract 15240: Regional Variation in RBM20 Causes a Highly Penetrant Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Victoria N Parikh, Colleen Caleshu, Chloe Reuter, Laura Lazzeroni, Jodie Ingles, Saurabh Kumar, John Garcia, Kristen McCaleb, Tolulope Adesiyun, Farbod Dedaghat-Hamedani, Sharon Graw, Marta Gigli, Davide Stolfo, Matteo Dal Ferro, Alexander Ing, Robert Nussbaum, Birgit Funke, Matthew T Wheeler, Ray E Hershberger, Stewart Cook, Lars Steinmetz, Neal K Lakdawala, Matthew R Taylor, Luisa Mestroni, Marco Merlo, Gianfranco Sinagra, Christopher Semsarian, Benjamin Meder, Daniel P Judge, Euan A Ashley
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Variants in the cardiomyocyte-specific RNA splicing factor RBM20 have been linked to familial cardiomyopathy, but the causative genetic architecture and clinical consequences of this di...
Covid-19 and the rise of racism
Authors: Melanie Coates
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Over the past few months covid-19 has dramatically changed how we live. The media and the government have rightly been concerned with the global health and economic implications of this pandemic,1 but they have neglected to acknowledge the simultaneous spread of prejudice and xenophobia.

Fear leads to the desire to understand and control situations. From this we see a surge of prejudice and …
Stanford Accelerated Intelligent Neuromodulation Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression
Authors: Eleanor J. Cole, Katy H. Stimpson, Brandon S. Bentzley, Merve Gulser, Kirsten Cherian, Claudia Tischler, Romina Nejad, Heather Pankow, Elizabeth Choi, Haley Aaron, Flint M. Espil, Jaspreet Pannu, Xiaoqian Xiao, Dalton Duvio, Hugh B. Solvason, Jessica Hawkins, Austin Guerra, Booil Jo, Kristin S. Raj, Angela L. Phillips, Fahim Barmak, James H. Bishop, John P. Coetzee, Charles DeBattista, Jennifer Keller, Alan F. Schatzberg, Keith D. Sudheimer, Nolan R. Williams
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2020)

New antidepressant treatments are needed that are effective, rapid acting, safe, and tolerable. Intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation treatment that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment-resistant depression. Recent methodological advances suggest that the current iTBS protocol might be improved through 1) treating patients with multiple sessions per day at optimally spaced intervals, 2) applying a higher overall pulse dose of stimulation, and 3) precision targeting of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) circuit. The authors examined the feasibility, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of Stanford Accelerated Intelligent Neuromodulation Therapy (SAINT), an accelerated, high-dose resting-state functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI)-guided iTBS protocol for treatment-resistant depression.Twenty-two participants with treatment-resistant depression received open-label SAINT. fcMRI was used to individually target the region of the left DLPFC most anticorrelated with sgACC in each participant. Fifty iTBS sessions (1,800 pulses per session, 50-minute intersession interval) were delivered as 10 daily sessions over 5 consecutive days at 90% resting motor threshold (adjusted for cortical depth). Neuropsychological testing was conducted before and after SAINT.One participant withdrew, leaving a sample size of 21. Nineteen of 21 participants (90.5%) met remission criteria (defined as a score <11 on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale). In the intent-to-treat analysis, 19 of 22 participants (86.4%) met remission criteria. Neuropsychological testing demonstrated no negative cognitive side effects.SAINT, an accelerated, high-dose, iTBS protocol with fcMRI-guided targeting, was well tolerated and safe. Double-blinded sham-controlled trials are needed to confirm the remission rate observed in this initial study.
Prognostic Value of N-Terminal Pro–B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Elderly Patients With Valvular Heart Disease
Authors: Bin Zhang, Haiyan Xu, Haitong Zhang, Qingrong Liu, Yunqing Ye, Jie Hao, Qinghao Zhao, Xiling Qi, Sisi Liu, Erli Zhang, Yujun Xu, Runlin Gao, Philippe Pibarot, Marie-Annick Clavel, Yongjian Wu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
IgG4-related Bronchial Gland Inflammation Proved by Transbronchial Cryobiopsy
Authors: Hideaki Yamakawa, Tamiko Takemura, Emiri Tsumiyama, Shintaro Sato, Keiichi Akasaka, Masako Amano, Hidekazu Matsushima
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)
Anemia evaluation in oncologic patients in the emergency room
Authors: M. Tobeña, S. Serrano, A. Ferrer, M. Vidal, I. Pajares, D. Lopez, E. Millastre, M. Ruiz-Echarri, J. Lambea, A. Tres
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e20714 Background: Anemia is a very common diagnosis in oncologic patients and it can be produced by different causes. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence and causes of anemia in oncologic patients who consults in the emergency room. Methods: From October 2007 to October 2008, all oncologic patiens who consulted in the emergency room were collected. We analyze the prevalence of anemia and its causes. Tumor location is described too. Results: Of the 560 patients collected, 223 (39.82%) were diagnosed of anemia. 64 of them (28.7%) had lung cancer, 33 (14.8%) breast cancer, 32 (14.3%) colon cancer, 15 (6.7%) bladder cancer, 15 (6.7%) prostate cancer, 13 (5.8%) head and neck cancer, and 51 (22.5%) other malignancies. Median haemoglobin level was 10 (range 4.2–11.9). As etiology was identified chemotherapy toxicity in 113 patients (50.7%), anemia of chronic disease in 65 (29.1%), tumoral bleeding in 41 (18.4%), and non-tumoral upper gastrointestinal bleeding in 4 (1.8%). Conclusions: Anemia is a very common diagnosis in oncologic patients, mainly in lung and breast cancer. The most frequent causes of anemia are chemotherapy toxicity and chronic disease. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
TADsplimer reveals splits and mergers of topologically associating domains for epigenetic regulation of transcription
Authors: Guangyu Wang, Qingshu Meng, Bo Xia, Shuo Zhang, Jie Lv, Dongyu Zhao, Yanqiang Li, Xin Wang, Lili Zhang, John P. Cooke, Qi Cao, Kaifu Chen
Journal: Genome biology (2020)

Abstract We present TADsplimer, the first computational tool to systematically detect topologically associating domain (TAD) splits and mergers across the genome between Hi-C samples. TADsplimer recaptures splits and mergers of TADs with high accuracy in simulation analyses and defines hundreds of TAD splits and mergers between pairs of different cell types, such as endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Our work reveals a key role for TAD remodeling in epigenetic regulation of transcription and delivers the first tool for the community to perform dynamic analysis of TAD splits and mergers in numerous biological and disease models.
Mucopenetrating polymer – Lipid hybrid nanovesicles as subunits in alginate beads as an oral formulation
Authors: Essi Taipaleenmäki, Gustav Christensen, Edit Brodszkij, Sidsel A. Mouritzen, Noga Gal, Sidsel Madsen, Mette Skou Hedemann, Tine Ahrendt Knudsen, Henrik Max Jensen, Sofie Laage Christiansen, Flemming Vang Sparsø, Brigitte Städler
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2020)
Dapagliflozin Versus Placebo on Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients With Diabetes and Heart Failure: The REFORM Trial
Authors: Jagdeep S.S. Singh, Ify R. Mordi, Keeran Vickneson, Amir Fathi, Peter T. Donnan, Mohapradeep Mohan, Anna Maria J. Choy, Stephen Gandy, Jacob George, Faisel Khan, Ewan R. Pearson, J. Graeme Houston, Allan D. Struthers, Chim C. Lang
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure (HF) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on left ventricular (LV) remodeling using cardiac MRI. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We randomized 56 patients with T2DM and HF with LV systolic dysfunction to dapagliflozin 10 mg daily or placebo for 1 year, on top of usual therapy. The primary end point was difference in LV end-systolic volume (LVESV) using cardiac MRI. Key secondary end points included other measures of LV remodeling and clinical and biochemical parameters. RESULTS In our cohort, dapagliflozin had no effect on LVESV or any other parameter of LV remodeling. However, it reduced diastolic blood pressure and loop diuretic requirements while increasing hemoglobin, hematocrit, and ketone bodies. There was a trend toward lower weight. CONCLUSIONS We were unable to determine with certainty whether dapagliflozin in patients with T2DM and HF had any effect on LV remodeling. Whether the benefits of dapagliflozin in HF are due to remodeling or other mechanisms remains unknown.
Undefined/non-malignant hepatic nodules are associated with early occurrence of HCC in DAA-treated patients with HCV-related cirrhosis
Authors: Angelo Sangiovanni, Eleonora Alimenti, Riccardo Gattai, Roberto Filomia, Elisabetta Parente, Luca Valenti, Luca Marzi, Gaia Pellegatta, Guglielmo Borgia, Martina Gambato, Natalia Terreni, Ilaria Serio, Luca Belli, Filippo Oliveri, Sergio Maimone, Matteo Brunacci, Roberta D'Ambrosio, Laura Virginia Forzenigo, Francesco Paolo Russo, Mariagrazia Rumi, Michele Barone, Anna Ludovica Fracanzani, Giovanni Raimondo, Edoardo Giovanni Giannini, Maurizia Rossana Brunetto, Erica Villa, Elia Biganzoli, Massimo Colombo, Pietro Lampertico
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Heritability of Mammographic Breast Density, Density Change, Microcalcifications, and Masses
Authors: Natalie Holowko, Mikael Eriksson, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Shadi Azam, Wei He, Per Hall, Kamila Czene
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Mammographic features influence breast cancer risk and are used in risk prediction models. Understanding how genetics influence mammographic features is important because the mechanisms through which they are associated with breast cancer are not well known. Here, using mammographic screening history and detailed questionnaire data from 56,820 women from the KARMA prospective cohort study, we investigated the association between a genetic predisposition to breast cancer and mammographic features among women with a family history of breast cancer (N = 49,674) and a polygenic risk score (PRS, N = 9,365). The heritability of mammographic features such as dense area (MD), microcalcifications, masses, and density change (MDC, cm2/year) was estimated using 1,940 sister pairs. Heritability was estimated at 58% [95% confidence interval (CI), 48%–67%) for MD, 23% (2%–45%) for microcalcifications, and 13% (1%–25%)] for masses. The estimated heritability for MDC was essentially null (2%; 95% CI, −8% to 12%). The association between a genetic predisposition to breast cancer (using PRS) and MD and microcalcifications was positive, while for masses this was borderline significant. In addition, for MDC, having a family history of breast cancer was associated with slightly greater MD reduction. In summary, we have confirmed previous findings of heritability in MD, and also established heritability of the number of microcalcifications and masses at baseline. Because these features are associated with breast cancer risk and can improve detecting women at short-term risk of breast cancer, further investigation of common loci associated with mammographic features is warranted to better understand the etiology of breast cancer. Significance: These findings provide novel data on the heritability of microcalcifications, masses, and density change, which are all associated with breast cancer risk and can indicate women at short-term risk.
Making the case for causality: what role do lung microbiota play in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
Authors: Robert P. Dickson, Sergio Harari, Martin Kolb
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>Yet more evidence that the lung microbiome plays a role in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. But how close are we to proving causality? An editorial from Dickson, Harari and Kolb in the <i>ERJ</i>.</b>http://bit.ly/2Ps1ow4
How to Partner With the Military in Responding to Pandemics—A Blueprint for Success
Authors: M. Margaret Knudson, Lenworth M. Jacobs, Eric A. Elster
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

Amer H. Nassar, MD; Nicole K. Zern, MD; Lisa K. McIntyre, MD; Dana Lynge, MD; Caitlin A. Smith, MD; Rebecca P. Petersen, MD; Karen D. Horvath, MD; Douglas E. Wood, MD