tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bernard Fisher: US surgeon who pioneered a scientific approach for breast cancer treatment
Authors: Janet Fricker
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Credit: Archives of Bernard Fisher 

The US surgeon Bernard Fisher has died at the age of 101. As chairman of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) he undertook the landmark studies that ended mutilating radical mastectomy and, for primary breast cancer, established preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy and tamoxifen as adjuvant treatments. Fisher, who worked at the University of Pittsburgh, was widely credited with launching the scientific approach, where breast cancer treatments were based on results from research using large scale randomised clinical trial methods. He was one of the first translational clinicians to recognise that laboratory investigations and clinical trials were inexorably linked.

“Bernard Fisher was a titan. His research improved and extended the lives of untold numbers of women with breast cancer. His work overturned the dominant paradigm of cancer progression and, to the benefit of all, demonstrated the systemic nature of metastasis,” says Arthur Levine, senior vice chancellor for health sciences at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.

“Women in the US should erect a statue to Bernie because he changed breast cancer surgery from the horrendous Halsted operation (involving the breast being removed, the muscle wall denuded, and lymph drainage disrupted) to a more compassionate procedure resulting in far less morbidity,” says Vincent DeVita, professor of medicine at the Yale Cancer Center, who was the director of the National Cancer Institute from 1980 to 1988.

In 1957 the career of Fisher, who at the time was researching liver regeneration and the metastatic spread of tumour, changed direction when he received a phone call from his former mentor, Isidor S Ravdin, requesting attendance at a meeting at the National Institutes of Health to discuss the creation of the Surgical Adjuvant Chemotherapy Breast Project, later known as the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project. “I wasn’t the least bit …
Association Between Levels of Sex Hormones and Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma and Barrett’s Esophagus
Authors: Shao-Hua Xie, Rui Fang, Mingtao Huang, Juncheng Dai, Aaron P. Thrift, Lesley A. Anderson, Wong-Ho Chow, Leslie Bernstein, Marilie D. Gammon, Harvey A. Risch, Nicholas J. Shaheen, Brian J. Reid, Anna H. Wu, Prasad G. Iyer, Geoffrey Liu, Douglas A. Corley, David C. Whiteman, Carlos Caldas, Paul D. Pharoah, Laura J. Hardie, Rebecca C. Fitzgerald, Hongbing Shen, Thomas L. Vaughan, Jesper Lagergren
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2019)
Outbreak of unusual H2S-negative monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium strain likely associated with small tomatoes, Sweden, August to October 2019
Authors: Soledad Colombe, Cecilia Jernberg, Emma Löf, Anna Lindqvist Angervall, Henrik Mellström-Dahlgren, Leif Dotevall, Malin Bengnér, Ingela Hall, Lena Sundqvist, Sharon Kühlmann-Berenzon, Ilias Galanis, Mats Lindblad, Anette Hansen, Moa Rehn
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2019)

Sweden is investigating an outbreak of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium. Eighty-two nationally-distributed cases have been confirmed, with date of symptom onset between 28 August and 29 October. Cases were 51 years of age on average (range: 0-89) and the majority of cases were female (62%). A case-control study was conducted and suggested small tomatoes as source of the outbreak (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 10.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.15-112.68, p value < 0.001), and a trace-back investigation led to a single, non-Swedish producer in Europe. Both the Salmonella strain and the source of the outbreak are rarely encountered in Europe. Results from investigation at the producer are pending.
Solitary Bone Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Demonstrated on Multimodality Imaging in an Adult
Authors: Yu Zhao, Yi Zhou, Rong Tian, Minggang Su
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Multimodality imaging was performed on a 53-year-old woman who was suspected with malignant bone tumor in her left femoral midshaft on radiograph. An MRI demonstrated the lesion showed hypointensity on T1-weighted and high intensity on T2-weighted fat-saturated images. It was more extensive on MRI than that on radiograph, especially in bone marrow and parosteal soft tissue. The lesion accumulated radiotracer on bone scan and F-FDG PET/CT. Finally, a Langerhans cell histiocytosis was confirmed after surgery. The case cautions us Langerhans cell histiocytosis should be in the differential diagnosis spectrum in an adult with unexplained unifocal bone lesion on F-FDG PET/CT.
Sports and exercise medicine coming together
Authors: Nikolaos Malliaropoulos, Jean-François Kaux, Sébastien Le Garrec, Heinz Lohrer
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2019)

The European College of Sports and Exercise Physicians (ECOSEP) has contributed to this issue of the BJSM , and brings together the Sports and Exercise Medicine community at the sixth ECOSEP–INSEP Congress in Paris 2019. It is really important to develop the specialty further throughout Europe and globally. Our vision is to bring Sports and Exercise Medicine Health Professionals together, increase the collaboration between Sports Medicine Centres Network, support Sports and Exercise Medicine with high-quality and innovative research, and to provide more Sports and Exercise Medicine opportunities for training. It is patients’ and athletes’ right to have the opportunity for better services through Sports and Exercise Medicine development and offering the choice to the young coming, medical students and junior doctors, generation.

Concussion is a common and high-profile injury in contact sports. The King-Devick (KD) test has been promoted as a remove-from-play sideline screening test for sports-related concussion ( see page 1526 ).

Exposure to repetitive subconcussive head impacts is a very interesting original article on the same topic ( see page 1539 ). In …
Biomarker-Informed Treatment Decisions in Cognitively Impaired Patients Do Not Apply to Preclinical Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Gil D. Rabinovici, Maria C. Carrillo
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Taking Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Oral Anticoagulants in the ARISTOTLE Trial
Authors: Frederik Dalgaard, Hillary Mulder, Daniel M. Wojdyla, Renato D. Lopes, Claes Held, John H. Alexander, Raffaele De Caterina, Jeffrey B. Washam, Elaine M. Hylek, David A. Garcia, Bernard J. Gersh, Lars Wallentin, Christopher B. Granger, Sana M. Al-Khatib
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with oral anticoagulants has been associated with an increased risk of bleeding. We investigated the risk of bleeding and major cardiovascular outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation taking NSAIDs and apixaban or warfarin. Methods: The ARISTOTLE trial (Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation; n=18 201) compared apixaban with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation at an increased risk of stroke. Patients in ARISTOTLE without severe renal (creatine clearance ≤30 mL/min) or liver disease were included in this analysis (n=17 423). NSAID use at baseline, NSAID use during the trial (incident NSAID use), and never users were described. The primary outcome was major bleeding. Secondary outcomes included clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, heart failure hospitalization, stroke or systemic embolism, and all-cause mortality. NSAID use during the trial, and the interaction between randomized treatment, was analyzed using time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Those with baseline NSAID use (n=832 [4.8%]), incident NSAID use (n=2185 [13.2%]), and never users were similar in median age (age [25th, 75th]; 70 [64, 77] versus 70 [63, 75] versus 70 [62, 76]). Those with NSAID use at baseline and incident NSAID use were more likely to have a history of bleeding than never users (24.5% versus 21.0% versus 15.6%, respectively). During a median follow-up (25th, 75th) of 1.8 (1.4, 2.3) years and when excluding those taking NSAID at baseline, we found that incident NSAID use was associated with an increased risk of major bleeding (hazard ratio [HR], 1.61 [95% CI, 1.11–2.33]) and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding (HR, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.16–2.48]), but not gastrointestinal bleeding. No significant interaction was observed between NSAID use and randomized treatment for any outcome. Conclusions: A substantial number of patients in the ARISTOTLE trial took NSAIDs. Incident NSAID use was associated with major and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding, but not with gastrointestinal bleeding. The safety and efficacy of apixaban versus warfarin appeared not significantly to be altered by NSAID use. This study warrants more investigation of the effect of NSAIDs on the outcomes of patients treated with apixaban. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00412984.
Moderate intensity exercise training combined with inulin-propionate ester supplementation increases whole body resting fat oxidation in overweight women
Authors: Dalia Malkova, Thelma Polyviou, Eleni Rizou, Konstantinos Gerasimidis, Edward S. Chambers, Tom Preston, M. Catriona Tedford, Gary Frost, Douglas J. Morrison
Journal: Metabolism (2019)
B cells are sufficient to prime the dominant CD4+ Tfh response to <i>Plasmodium</i> infection
Authors: E. Nicole Arroyo, Marion Pepper
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2019)

CD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells dominate the acute response to a blood-stage Plasmodium infection and provide signals to direct B cell differentiation and protective antibody expression. We studied antigen-specific CD4+ Tfh cells responding to Plasmodium infection in order to understand the generation and maintenance of the Tfh response. We discovered that a dominant, phenotypically stable, CXCR5+ Tfh population emerges within the first 4 d of infection and results in a CXCR5+ CCR7+ Tfh/central memory T cell response that persists well after parasite clearance. We also found that CD4+ T cell priming by B cells was both necessary and sufficient to generate this Tfh-dominant response, whereas priming by conventional dendritic cells was dispensable. This study provides important insights into the development of CD4+ Tfh cells during Plasmodium infection and highlights the heterogeneity of antigen-presenting cells involved in CD4+ T cell priming.
MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex alterations and DNA damage response: implications for cancer treatment
Authors: Lei Bian, Yiling Meng, Meichao Zhang, Dong Li
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2019)

Abstract Genome instability is a hallmark of cancer cells and can be accelerated by defects in cellular responses to DNA damage. This feature of malignant cells opens new avenues for tumor targeted therapy. MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex plays a crucial role in sensing and repair of DNA damage. Through interacting with other important players of DNA damage response, MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex is engaged in various DNA damage repair pathways. Mutations in any member of this complex may lead to hypersensitivity to genotoxic agents and predisposition to malignancy. It is assumed that the defects in the complex may contribute to tumorigenesis and that treatments targeting the defect may be beneficial to cancer patients. Here, we summarized the recent research findings of the role of MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex in tumorigenesis, cancer treatment and discussed the potential approaches of targeting this complex to treat cancer.
Accuracy of risk scoring system to determine chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in cancer patients receiving first cycle chemotherapy
Authors: H. Reddy, V.V. Maka, A. D, M. Krishna Murthy, A. Mandepudi, P.R. Paibhavi, S.P. K, S. Vungarala
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Cortical Output Is Gated by Horizontally Projecting Neurons in the Deep Layers
Authors: Robert Egger, Rajeevan T. Narayanan, Jason M. Guest, Arco Bast, Daniel Udvary, Luis F. Messore, Suman Das, Christiaan P.J. de Kock, Marcel Oberlaender
Journal: Neuron (2019)

Pyramidal tract neurons (PTs) represent the major output cell type of the mammalian neocortex. Here, we report the origins of the PTs' ability to respond to a broad range of stimuli with onset latencies that rival or even precede those of their intracortical input neurons. We find that neurons with extensive horizontally projecting axons cluster around the deep-layer terminal fields of primary thalamocortical axons. The strategic location of these corticocortical neurons results in high convergence of thalamocortical inputs, which drive reliable sensory-evoked responses that precede those in other excitatory cell types. The resultant fast and horizontal stream of excitation provides PTs throughout the cortical area with input that acts to amplify additional inputs from thalamocortical and other intracortical populations. The fast onsets and broadly tuned characteristics of PT responses hence reflect a gating mechanism in the deep layers, which assures that sensory-evoked input can be reliably transformed into cortical output.
Ranibizumab or Aflibercept for Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Sanjeeb Bhandari, Vuong Nguyen, Samantha Fraser-Bell, Hemal Mehta, Francesco Viola, Florian Baudin, Pierre-Henry Gabrielle, Catherine Creuzot-Garcher, Mark Gillies, Daniel Barthelmes
Journal: Ophthalmology (2019)
Impact of TP53 gene Mutation Clearance and Conditioning Intensity on Outcome in MDS or AML Patients Prior to Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Onyee Chan, Anthony Hunter, Chetasi Talati, David A Sallman, Hannah Asghari, Jinming Song, Mohammad Hussaini, Nelli Bejanyan, Hany Elmariah, Andrew T Kuykendall, Eric Padron, Rami S. Komrokji, Alan F. List, Jeffrey E. Lancet, Kendra L. Sweet, Asmita Mishra
Journal: Blood (2019)
Leukemogenic Functions of Mutant ASXL1 Are Regulated By CDK-Mediated Phosphorylation
Authors: Shuhei Asada, Susumu Goyama, Reina Takeda, Keita Yamamoto, Hiroko Kozuka-Hata, Masaaki Oyama, Daichi Inoue, Hiroaki Honda, Toshio Kitamura
Journal: Blood (2019)
Comparison of Quantitative Perfusion and Function Parameters of Gated-SPECT Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Patients With Concordant and Discordant Left Bundle-Branch Block
Authors: Tahereh Ghaedian, Tuba Behbudnia, Pooyan Dehghani
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Patients with left bundle-branch block (LBBB) can be classified to discordant LBBB (dLBBB) and concordant LBBB (cLBBB) according to T-wave orientation in lateral leads. This classification indicates different functional left ventricular (LV) parameters with worse prognosis in dLBBB patients. However, there are no data regarding the impact of this classification on perfusion status of the left ventricle. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) findings of LV perfusion and function between dLBBB and cLBBB patients.All patients who were referred for SPECT MPI during an 11 months' period were evaluated. Patients with evidence of LBBB on standard baseline 12-lead ECG were included, and their demographic, medical history, and imaging data were recorded. Quantitative perfusion and function parameters of LV included summed stress score, summed rest score, summed difference score, total perfusion deficit (TPD) at both phases with delta TPD, ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, summed motion score, summed thickening score, phase SD, and phase histogram bandwidth. All baseline ECGs were further assessed by a cardiologist to categorize patients as the cLBBB or dLBBB group according to concordance of the T wave with QRS complex in lateral leads.Finally, 97 patients with 46 cLBBB and 51 dLBBB cases were included. Baseline characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, history of coronary artery disease (CAD), family history of CAD, and smoking were not significantly different between the 2 groups. However, summed stress score (12.2 vs 6.7), summed difference score (4.0 vs 2.6), stress TPD (11.0 vs 6.4), and delta TPD (4.8 vs 3.9) were significantly higher in dLBBB patients. In addition, functional parameters were also significantly worse in dLBBB patients with lower ejection fraction and higher end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, summed motion score, and summed thickening score in these patients. Mean phase SD and phase histogram bandwidth were also significantly higher in dLBBB patients.This study revealed that LBBB patients with discordant T wave in lateral leads have significantly higher ischemic scores and worse functional parameters with more dyssynchrony in gated SPECT MPI.
Sepsis: digital monitoring improves outcomes by alerting clinicians to deteriorating patients, study finds
Authors: Ingrid Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2019)

A digital monitoring system for sepsis that alerts clinicians to signs of deterioration helped to reduce deaths and hospital stays, a study has found.1

The system is based on the St John’s Sepsis Agent algorithm, which highlights when a patient may have an infection or signs of organ deterioration. Alerts are generated when any of a range of signs, such as temperature, heart rate, or glucose level, strays outside the normal range.

Nurses are notified of alerts through a pop-up warning on a patient’s electronic health record or on a dashboard that highlights any patient with an active …
Genomic Analysis of Cellular Hierarchy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Using Ultrasensitive LC-FACS-Seq
Authors: Caner Saygin, Arletta Lozanski, Tzyy-Jye Doong, Shelley Orwick, Deedra Nicolet, Jadwiga Labanowska, Nyla A. Heerema, Rosa Lapalombella, Gregory K. Behbehani, John C. Byrd, Gerard Lozanski, James S. Blachly
Journal: Blood (2019)
Evolution of Therapy for Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Jorge J. Castillo
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2019)

With so many recent advances in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, keeping abreast with current treatment recommendations can be challenging. Novel immunomodulators, proteasome inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and nuclear export inhibitors have all been added to the armamentarium, and the choice of which of these drugs or drug combinations to use depends on individual disease-related and patient-related factors, previous therapies, and treatment toxicities. At the NCCN 2019 Annual Congress: Hematologic Malignancies, Dr. Jorge J. Castillo provided an overview of the myriad treatments available for patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, as well as therapies on the horizon.
TMC1 and TMC2 Proteins Are Pore-Forming Subunits of Mechanosensitive Ion Channels
Authors: Yanyan Jia, Yimeng Zhao, Tsukasa Kusakizako, Yao Wang, Chengfang Pan, Yuwei Zhang, Osamu Nureki, Motoyuki Hattori, Zhiqiang Yan
Journal: Neuron (2019)

Transmembrane channel-like (TMC) 1 and 2 are required for the mechanotransduction of mouse inner ear hair cells and localize to the site of mechanotransduction in mouse hair cell stereocilia. However, it remains unclear whether TMC1 and TMC2 are indeed ion channels and whether they can sense mechanical force directly. Here we express TMC1 from the green sea turtle (CmTMC1) and TMC2 from the budgerigar (MuTMC2) in insect cells, purify and reconstitute the proteins, and show that liposome-reconstituted CmTMC1 and MuTMC2 proteins possess ion channel activity. Furthermore, by applying pressure to proteoliposomes, we demonstrate that both CmTMC1 and MuTMC2 proteins can indeed respond to mechanical stimuli. In addition, CmTMC1 mutants corresponding to human hearing loss mutants exhibit reduced or no ion channel activity. Taken together, our results show that the CmTMC1 and MuTMC2 proteins are pore-forming subunits of mechanosensitive ion channels, supporting TMC1 and TMC2 as hair cell transduction channels.
Stalled developmental programs at the root of pediatric brain tumors
Authors: Selin Jessa, Alexis Blanchet-Cohen, Brian Krug, Maria Vladoiu, Marie Coutelier, Damien Faury, Brice Poreau, Nicolas De Jay, Steven Hébert, Jean Monlong, W. Todd Farmer, Laura K. Donovan, Yixing Hu, Melissa K. McConechy, Florence M. G. Cavalli, Leonie G. Mikael, Benjamin Ellezam, Maxime Richer, Andréa Allaire, Alexander G. Weil, Jeffrey Atkinson, Jean-Pierre Farmer, Roy W. R. Dudley, Valerie Larouche, Louis Crevier, Steffen Albrecht, Mariella G. Filbin, Hervé Sartelet, Pierre-Eric Lutz, Corina Nagy, Gustavo Turecki, Santiago Costantino, Peter B. Dirks, Keith K. Murai, Guillaume Bourque, Jiannis Ragoussis, Livia Garzia, Michael D. Taylor, Nada Jabado, Claudia L. Kleinman
Journal: Nature Genetics (2019)
NHS will reimburse next year’s pension tax bill on retirement, doctors are told
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Doctors in England will be encouraged to pick up extra shifts this winter with the promise that the NHS will reimburse them for any additional tax they accrue as a result.

Under the offer, whose announcement by NHS England is imminent, GPs and hospital doctors can use their existing pension pot to pay off next October’s pension tax bill on the understanding that the NHS will reimburse them when they retire. It is a one-time offer that will be available only for the current 2019-20 tax year.

The offer comes a week after doctors were warned that the NHS faces a “bleak” winter, after figures showed that in October the NHS …
Clinical and Radiographic Response of Leptomeningeal and Brain Metastases to Encorafenib and Binimetinib in a Patient With BRAF V600E-Mutated Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Erin M. McLoughlin, Camilo E. Fadul, Sohil H. Patel, Richard D. Hall, Ryan D. Gentzler
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
Helios enhances the preferential differentiation of human fetal CD4 <sup>+</sup> naïve T cells into regulatory T cells
Authors: Melissa S. F. Ng, Theodore L. Roth, Ventura F. Mendoza, Alexander Marson, Trevor D. Burt
Journal: Science Immunology (2019)

Helios contributes to a transcriptional and epigenetic program in human fetal naïve T cells promoting T reg differentiation.