tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Deep learning surpasses dermatologists
Authors: Y. Fujisawa, Y. Otomo, Y. Ogata, Y. Nakamura, R. Fujita, Y. Ishitsuka, R. Watanabe, N. Okiyama, K. Ohara, M. Fujimoto
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

Skin cancer is increasing worldwide. However, it is not always practical to send all patients with skin symptoms to dermatology clinics. Artificial intelligence holds great promise in helping the screening for and diagnosis of skin cancer. Although several computer‐aided classification systems have been introduced that achieve high sensitivity of melanoma detection, low specificity was a trade‐off for high sensitivity. Sensitivity measures the proportion of ‘actual positives’ that are correctly identified (e.g. the percentage of sick people who are correctly identified as having the condition). Specificity measures the proportion of ‘actual negatives’ that are correctly identified as such (e.g. the percentage of healthy people who are correctly identified as not having the condition). The application of a new machine learning method, called deep convolutional neural network (DCNN), to a skin cancer classifier can potentially improve skin cancer screening sensitivity and specificity. However, the number of training images required for such a system is thought to be extremely large and compiling a large data set for rare skin conditions is difficult. In this study, we trained DCNN using fewer than 5000 images, and developed a DCNN classifier that can classify 14 different skin tumors and related conditions. Its performance was tested against 13 board‐certified dermatologists. As a result, our system requires only a single image and comes with 96.3% sensitivity and 89.5% specificity in the detection of skin cancer. The accuracy of malignant or benign classification by the DCNN achieved statistically greater accuracy compared with board‐certified dermatologists, 85.3% and 92.4%, respectively. In conclusion, we used DCNN trained with a relatively small number of images to develop an efficient skin tumor classifier. The current system could be used in screening purposes in general medical practice but it needs to be thoroughly tested in clinical trials first.
Evaluating strategies for control of tuberculosis in prisons and prevention of spillover into communities: An observational and modeling study from Brazil
Authors: Tarub S. Mabud, Maria de Lourdes Delgado Alves, Albert I. Ko, Sanjay Basu, Katharine S. Walter, Ted Cohen, Barun Mathema, Caroline Colijn, Everton Lemos, Julio Croda, Jason R. Andrews
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2019)

Background It has been hypothesized that prisons serve as amplifiers of general tuberculosis (TB) epidemics, but there is a paucity of data on this phenomenon and the potential population-level effects of prison-focused interventions. This study (1) quantifies the TB risk for prisoners as they traverse incarceration and release, (2) mathematically models the impact of prison-based interventions on TB burden in the general population, and (3) generalizes this model to a wide range of epidemiological contexts. Methods and findings We obtained individual-level incarceration data for all inmates (n = 42,925) and all reported TB cases (n = 5,643) in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul from 2007 through 2013. We matched individuals between prisoner and TB databases and estimated the incidence of TB from the time of incarceration and the time of prison release using Cox proportional hazards models. We identified 130 new TB cases diagnosed during incarceration and 170 among individuals released from prison. During imprisonment, TB rates increased from 111 cases per 100,000 person-years at entry to a maximum of 1,303 per 100,000 person-years at 5.2 years. At release, TB incidence was 229 per 100,000 person-years, which declined to 42 per 100,000 person-years (the average TB incidence in Brazil) after 7 years. We used these data to populate a compartmental model of TB transmission and incarceration to evaluate the effects of various prison-based interventions on the incidence of TB among prisoners and the general population. Annual mass TB screening within Brazilian prisons would reduce TB incidence in prisons by 47.4% (95% Bayesian credible interval [BCI], 44.4%–52.5%) and in the general population by 19.4% (95% BCI 17.9%–24.2%). A generalized model demonstrates that prison-based interventions would have maximum effectiveness in reducing community incidence in populations with a high concentration of TB in prisons and greater degrees of mixing between ex-prisoners and community members. Study limitations include our focus on a single Brazilian state and our retrospective use of administrative databases. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the prison environment, more so than the prison population itself, drives TB incidence, and targeted interventions within prisons could have a substantial effect on the broader TB epidemic.
Abstract 14106: Stroke and Coronary Artery Disease in Adults With Coarctation of the Aorta: A National Population-based Study
Authors: Sarah S Pickard, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Michelle Gurvitz, Joshua J Gagne, Alexander R Opotowsky, Kathy J Jenkins, Ashwin Prakash
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Adults with repaired coarctation of the aorta (CoA) are thought to be at risk for premature stroke and coronary artery disease (CAD), but existing evidence is conflicting. Hypothesis:...
Abstract 16895: Adiponectin Modulates Exosome Biogenesis and Uptake in an Adipor1/cav3 Manner
Authors: Dina Xie, Lu Gan, Wayne Bond Lau, Dajun Zhao, Wenjun Yan, Rui Guo, Zheyi Yan, Yajing Wang, Xin L Ma
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Exosomes, via transport of various molecules (such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids), contribute to physiological and pathological processes through intercellular communication. However, the ...
Abstract A056: Is non-mutated GPR89A protein a potential drug target in prostate cancer?
Authors: Yuanjun Ma, Yanling Liu, Sten Nilsson, Chunde Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Mutated genes as drug targets to treat cancer are a widely known concept; however, the effect is moderate. Targeting nonmutated genes is an alternative and probably has potential to benefit patients. GPR89A, as a nonmutated protein in prostate cancer, was evaluated as a drug target in this project. Data showed that GPR89A knockdown could induce high cancer cell death rate. Combination use of GPR89A siRNA and docetaxel triggered synergism effect, which implicates a possibility that GPR89A inhibitors could be used together with docetaxel. The high-throughput screening discovered 39 drug candidates that could reduce cancer cell viability and GPR89A expression simultaneously. These findings highlight the importance of nonmutated genes in cancer progression. Targeting nonmutated genes, e.g., GPR89A, should be evaluated further to find significant association between these genes/proteins and cancers. Citation Format: Yuanjun Ma, Yanling Liu, Sten Nilsson, Chunde Li. Is non-mutated GPR89A protein a potential drug target in prostate cancer? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Prostate Cancer: Advances in Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research; 2017 Dec 2-5; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(16 Suppl):Abstract nr A056.
Abstract 18783: Regulation and Function of the Laminar Flow-induced Non-coding Rnas in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Carmen T Hartung, Katharina M Michalik, Xintian You, Wei Chen, Andreas M Zeiher, Reinier A Boon, Stefanie Dimmeler
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Recent analyses showed that only 2% of the human transcriptome represents protein coding sequences whereas a large fraction of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) rather exerts their function directly as RNA mo...
Annular plaques on the trunk
Authors: Xiao Ke Liu, Jun Li
Journal: BMJ (2019)

A 24 year old man with two years of progressively worsening, mildly pruritic skin lesions presented after failed treatment for presumed dermatitis, folliculitis, and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (figs 1 and 2). The lesions had started as red papules …
Once Weekly Versus Twice Weekly Carfilzomib Dosing in Patients with Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma (A.R.R.O.W.): Efficacy and Safety Analyzed By Age Group
Authors: Meletios A Dimopoulos, Ruben Niesvizky, Philippe Moreau, David S Siegel, Roman Hajek, Maria-Victoria Mateos, Michele Cavo, Mei Huang, Anita Zahlten-Kumeli, Katja Weisel
Journal: Blood (2018)
Cleaved High Molecular Weight Kininogen Correlates With Hereditary Angioedema Due To C1-Inhibitor Deficiency
Authors: Adriana Moreno, Fernanda L. Nunes, Yunan C. Januario, Luana S.M. Maia, Mariana P.L. Ferriani, Marina M. Dias, Davi C. Aragon, Chiara Suffritti, Marco Cicardi, Luis L.P. da Silva, Luisa Karla P. Arruda
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)
Oncologists’ perceptions of rounding alongside palliative care physicians: Results of a post-intervention survey study.
Authors: Thomas William LeBlanc, James A Tulsky, Amy Pickar Abernethy, Christopher A Jones, Anthony N Galanos, Richard F. Riedel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e20674 Background: In August 2011, a new rounding model was instituted on the inpatient solid tumor oncology service at Duke. This model incorporated a palliative care physician as a second attending on service, alongside the rounding solid tumor oncologist. We sought to assess the oncologists’ perceptions of this model, and of palliative care, 1 year later. Methods: We developed a 15-item survey assessing 3 domains: (1) perceptions about palliative care in general, (2) lessons learned from palliative care colleagues, if any, and (3) changes in the experience of rounding on the solid tumor oncology service. Faculty were invited to participate by e-mail, via an anonymous web link. All oncology faculty who rounded at least 2 weeks since August 2011 were included. Results: Response rate was 73% (8 of 11). 75% (N=6) of respondents had rounded both before and after the new model was instituted. 75% reported a more positive perception of palliative care (N=6), 88% (N=7) reported learning new ways to manage cancer patients’ symptoms, and 100% agreed that the palliative care physician brings a valuable skill set to the team. Only 1 respondent felt that palliative care physicians detract from oncologic issues, and none thought the palliative care physicians discuss hospice too early. 88% (N=7) reported greater willingness to round on the service under the new model, and 100% agreed that rounding was more enjoyable since the addition of the palliative care attending to the team. 100% agreed that palliative care is a necessary component of comprehensive cancer care, and that palliative care should have a presence in the outpatient cancer clinics; 88% (N=7) reported feeling comfortable doing palliative care in their own clinical practice. All agreed that “palliative care” is different from “hospice care.” Conclusions: Rounding alongside palliative care physicians on an inpatient oncology service may improve oncologists’ perceptions of palliative care, teach them new symptom management skills, and improve their willingness to do inpatient rounding. Fears about palliative care physicians inappropriately introducing hospice too early for patients with solid tumors may be unfounded.
Association between Transplant Volumes and 30-Day Readmissions Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (allo-HCT) in the US
Authors: Binod Dhakal, Smith Giri, Adam Levin, Rein Lisa, Timothy S. Fenske, Saurabh Chhabra, Nirav N Shah, Aniko Szabo, Anita D'Souza, Marcelo C. Pasquini, Parameswaran Hari, Mehdi Hamadani
Journal: Blood (2018)
Investigation into specific IgE and IgG4 to the oligosaccharide galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) in children with eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Rung-chi Li, Alexander J. Schuyler, Lisa Workman, Elizabeth A. Erwin, Thomas A.E. Platts-Mills, Jeffrey M. Wilson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)
Myeloproliferative Neoplasm (MPN) Blastic Transformation Occurs at the Level of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Xiaoli Wang, Cing Siang Hu, Joseph Tripodi, Vesna Najfeld, Bruce Petersen, Raajit K. Rampal, Noushin Farnoud, Christopher Famulare, John Mascarenhas, Ronald Hoffman
Journal: Blood (2018)
Novel CD19t T-Antigen Presenting Cells Designed to Re-Activate and Expand CD19 CAR T Cells In Vivo: Early Demonstration of Feasibility and Safety
Authors: Colleen Annesley, Rebecca Gardner, Olivia Finney, Corinne Summers, Adam J. Lamble, Julie Rivers, Adam Johnson, Karen Spratt, Stephanie Mgebroff, Christopher Brown, Catherine Lindgren, Julie R. Park, Michael C. Jensen
Journal: Blood (2018)
Specific Targeting of Acute Myeloid Leukemia By the Use of Non-Virally Engineered CIK (Cytokine-Induced Killer) Cells Expressing the Anti-CD33 Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)
Authors: Maria Caterina Rotiroti, Silvia Arcangeli, Chiara Buracchi, Chiara Francesca Magnani, Claudia Cappuzzello, Ettore Biagi, Sarah Tettamanti, Andrea Biondi
Journal: Blood (2018)
Somatic Mutations in CD8+ T Cells in Patients with Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia Are Associated with Increased Clonality and Cytotoxic Phenotype of CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Hanna Rajala, Paula Savola, Sofie Lundgren, Samuli Eldfors, Tiina Kelkka, Freja Ebeling, Satu Mustjoki
Journal: Blood (2018)
Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhosis: Pathology and Pathophysiology
Authors: Roger F. Butterworth
Journal: Drugs (2019)

Neuropathology of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in cirrhosis is primarily astroglial in nature characterized by Alzheimer type 2 astrocytosis together with activation of microglia indicative of neuroinflammation. Focal loss of neurons may also occur in the basal ganglia, thalamus and cerebellum. Pathophysiology of HE in cirrhosis is multifactorial, involving brain accumulation of ammonia and manganese, systemic and central inflammation, nutritional/metabolic factors and activation of the GABAergic neurotransmitter system. Neuroimaging and spectroscopic techniques reveal early deactivation of the anterior cingulate cortex in parallel with neuropsychological impairment. T1-weighted MR signal hyperintensities in basal ganglia resulting from manganese lead to a novel entity, ‘Parkinsonism in cirrhosis’. Elucidation of the pathophysiological mechanisms has resulted in novel therapeutic approaches to HE aimed at reduction of brain ammonia, reduction of systemic and central inflammation, and reduction of GABAergic tone via the discovery of antagonists of the neurosteroid-modulatory site on the GABA receptor complex.
Haploidentical Transplantation Using High Dose Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide for Patients with Aplastic Anemia : The European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Experience
Authors: Pedro H Prata, Boris Afanasyev, Dirk-Jan Eikema, Frans Smiers, Cora Knol, Jose L. Diez-Martin, Vanderson G. Rocha, Yener Koc, Xavier Poire, Nathalie Fegueux, Nicolaus Kröger, Wolfgang Holter, Adrian Bloor, Charlotte Jubert, Amal Al-Seraihy, Arnold Ganser, Herve Tilly, Pietro Pioltelli, José A. Pérez-Simón, Aloysius YL Ho, Mahmoud Aljurf, Nigel H. Russell, Hélène Labussière-Wallet, Tessa Kerre, Carlo Dufour, Regis Peffault De Latour
Journal: Blood (2018)
RAS amplified colorectal cancers are enriched in RAS-WT, BRAF-WT, MSS tumors and may predict for anti-EGFR resistance.
Authors: Marwan Fakih, Jaideep Singh Sandhu, Chongkai Wang, Siraj Mahamed Ali, Alexa Betzig Schrock
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

547 Background: Pre-clinical models implicate RAS amplifications ( RAS a ) as a mechanism of resistance to anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) therapies. Yet, there is little guidance on the impact of RAS a , as identified by next generation sequencing (NGS), on anti-EGFR response. Methods: We investigated the Foundation Medicine (FM) database for RAS a in CRC and characterized this population based on patient (pt) characteristics and other concurrent genomic alterations. We subsequently investigated City of Hope (COH) mCRC molecular data set (using FoundationOne) and described the RAS a population characteristics and response to anti-EGFR. Results: FM cohort included 21,315 CRC unique pt cases. 365 (1.5%) pts had RAS a , of which 123 (0.6%) had ≥ 20 copy number (CN) ( RAS a≥20 ). The incidence of MSI-H, RAS and BRAF short variant mutations in the overall, RAS a , and RAS a≥20 populations were (MSI-H: 5%, 0%, 0%), ( RAS: 54%, 32%, 2%), and ( BRAF: 6%, 1%, 0%), respectively. RAS a≥20 tumors had higher level of genomic amplification than the overall population (29% vs. 5% had ≥ 5 genes amplified). COH cohort included 338 mCRC. 12 pts (3.6%) had RAS a . The median RAS CN was 27 (7 - 72); 8/12 pts had RAS a≥20 . All but 2 COH pts with RAS a had a RAS/BRAF-WT tumors. Both pts with concurrent RAS mutations had relatively low RAS CN (7&amp;13). Tumors with RAS a were predominantly left-sided (11/12). 7/12 pts were treated with anti-EGFR therapy. All 7 pts were RAS/BRAF wild-type: 6 left-sided; 3 pts 1 st /2 nd lines (1 pt oxaliplatin-based and 2 pts irinotecan-based) and 4 pts chemo-refractory (all irinotecan-based). All 4 chemo-refractory pts had RAS a≥20 and progressed on anti-EGFR on 1 st post-treatment CT (PFS in all pts ≤ 3 mo). One 1 st line pt had SD (PFS = 4 mo). One 2 nd line pt had SD (PFS = 7 mo) and one had PD as best response. Conclusions: NGS identifies RAS a and RAS a≥20 in 1.5% and 0.6% of CRC, respectively. RAS a≥20 tumors are MSS and, generally lack RAS/ BRAF mutations, and predict for resistance to anti-EGFR. This supports the potential relevance of 20-CN cut-point for the exclusion of pts from anti-EGFR. These findings would benefit from additional validation from retrospective analyses of completed prospective anti-EGFR clinical trials.
Safety and Efficacy of Yttrium-90-Labeled Anti-CD45 Antibody (90Y-DOTA-BC8) Followed By a Standard Reduced-Intensity Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HCT) Regimen for Patients with Refractory/Relapsed Leukemia or High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)
Authors: Phuong T. Vo, Ted Gooley, Joseph G. Rajendran, Darrell R. Fisher, Johnnie J. Orozco, Damian J. Green, Ajay K. Gopal, Robyn Haaf, Margaret E. Nartea, Rainer F. Storb, Frederick R. Appelbaum, Oliver W. Press, John M. Pagel, Brenda M. Sandmaier
Journal: Blood (2018)
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis and Severe Systemic Eosinophilia Due to a Novel PIK3CD mutation
Authors: Diana X. Nichols-Vinueza, Helen C. Su, V. Koneti Rao, Diana K. Bayer, Polly J. Ferguson, Ruth Parker, Gulbu Uzel
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)
Prospective Analysis of Complement Activation in Allogeneic Transplant Recipients and Correlation with Transplant Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy (TA-TMA) and Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (aGVHD)
Authors: Matthew Bostic, Qiuhong Zhao, Sarah A Wall, Spero R Cataland, Sumithira Vasu
Journal: Blood (2018)
Abstract 17185: Comparison of Clinical efficacy and Safety of Clopidogrel Resinate (Pregrel®) With Clopidogrel Bisulfate (Plavix®) in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Mahn Won Park, Kiyuk Chang, Sung Ho Her, Jung Sun Cho, Jong-Min Lee, Yoon Seok Koh, Yoon Seok Choi, Hun Jun Park, Dong-Bin Kim, Pum Joon Kim, Chul-Su Park, Chan Jun Kim, Wook Sung Jung, Ki Bae Seoung
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction While clopidogrel bisulfate (Plavix®) is very susceptible to degradation or chiral inversion by moisture including acidic or alkaline conditions as well as dry heat, clopidogrel resinate (Pregrel®), a new salt form of clopidogrel, is very stable in the physicochemical stability and the gastrointestinal stability tests as well as was highly safe in toxicity studies compared to conventional clopidogrel bisulfate. In 2007, clopidogrel resinate was approved for marketing by the Korean Food and Drug Administration based on a Phase I bioequivalence study. However, no data are available on the comparison of impact of the two drugs on adverse clinical outcomes. Methods Plavix was used exclusively from January 2004 through April 2010 and then Pregrel was used exclusively from May 2010 through September 2011. We dichotomized the overall population into two groups according to prescribed type of clopidogrel: Plavix (n= 9,127) and Pregrel (n= 1,360) group. We compared adverse outcomes with the use of pro...
Role of Cytokines in the Immunomodulation and Immunotherapy of Patients with Traumatic Chest Injury
Authors: Minu Kumari, Surbhi Khurana, Nidhi Bhardwaj, Purva Mathur, Sushma Sagar, Amit Gupta, Richa Aggarwal, Kapil Dev Soni, Vasudevan Sreenivas, Subodh Kumar
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)
Induced PD-1 Expression on Bone Marrow CD34+ Cells from MDS Patients Treated with 5-Azacitadine in Combination with Nivolumab and/or Ipilimumab
Authors: Hui Yang, Zhihong Fang, Karen Clise-Dwyer, Kathryn Ruisaard, Simona Colla, Irene Ganan-Gomez, Guillermo Montalban-Bravo, Kelly Soltysiak, Naval G. Daver, Elias J. Jabbour, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Guillermo Garcia-Manero
Journal: Blood (2018)
Outcomes for Patients with High-Risk Relapsed or Refractory Indolent B-Cell Lymphoma Treated with Copanlisib in the CHRONOS-1 Study
Authors: Armando Santoro, Luigina Mollica, Sirpa Leppa, George A Follows, Georg Lenz, Won Seog Kim, Arnon Nagler, Maria Dimou, Judit Demeter, Massimo Magagnoli, Liana Rodrigues, Oliver Wirtz, Florian Hiemeyer, Li Liu, Karl Koechert, Jose Garcia-Vargas, Barrett H Childs, Pier Luigi Zinzani, Martin H. Dreyling
Journal: Blood (2018)
Effect of a Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention in People With Serious Mental Illness and Diabetes
Authors: Eva Tseng, Arlene T. Dalcin, Gerald J. Jerome, Joseph V. Gennusa, Stacy Goldsholl, Courtney Cook, Lawrence J. Appel, Nisa M. Maruthur, Gail L. Daumit, Nae-Yuh Wang
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

Given the high prevalence of obesity and diabetes in patients with serious mental illness (SMI) and the lack of evidence on the effects of weight loss programs in SMI patients with diabetes, we evaluated the effectiveness of a behavioral weight loss intervention among SMI participants with and without diabetes.Using data from ACHIEVE, a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of a behavioral weight loss intervention among overweight/obese people with SMI, we assessed and compared weight change from baseline to 18 months in participants with and without diabetes using a longitudinal mixed-effects model.Of the 291 trial participants, 82 (28.2%) participants had diabetes (34 and 48 in intervention and control groups, respectively) at baseline. Participants with diabetes were more likely to be taking antipsychotics (31.7% vs. 18.7%, P = 0.02). At 18 months, participants in the control group with diabetes lost 1.2 lb (0.6%) of body weight compared with 0.8 lb (0.7%) among those without diabetes. In the intervention group, participants with diabetes lost 13.7 lb (6.6%) of their initial body weight compared with 5.4 lb (2.9%) for those without diabetes. Corresponding net effects (intervention minus control) were 4.6 lb (2.2%) and 12.5 lb (6.0%) net weight reduction over 18 months in the no diabetes and the diabetes subgroups, respectively. However, the between-group difference in intervention effects was statistically nonsignificant (absolute weight change: P-interaction = 0.08; % weight change: P-interaction = 0.10).A behavioral weight loss intervention is effective among overweight and obese individuals with SMI regardless of their diabetes status.
Long-Acting, Oxidation-Resistant IL-33 Mobilizes High-Quality Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells More Efficiently Than Wild-Type IL-33, G-CSF or AMD3100
Authors: Carsten Alt, Faye Wu, Basha Stankovich, Joy Calaoagan, Sandra Schopies, Josephine Wu, Perry Liu, Billy Wong, Katalin Kauser, Peter Bringmann, Jun Shen, Doug Schneider, Ying Zhu, Thomas Thompson, Shaun M. Lippow, Shujun Yuan, Maxine Bauzon
Journal: Blood (2017)