tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trends in Stroke Incidence Rates in Older US Adults
Authors: Silvia Koton, Yingying Sang, Andrea L. C. Schneider, Wayne D. Rosamond, Rebecca F. Gottesman, Josef Coresh
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2019)

Determining whether the previously reported decreased stroke incidence rates from 1987 to 2011 among US adults 65 years and older in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study continued to decrease subsequently can help guide policy and planning efforts.To evaluate whether stroke incidence declines among older adults in the ARIC study continued after 2011.ARIC is a community-based prospective cohort study including 15 792 individuals aged 45 to 64 years at baseline (1987-1989), selected by probability sampling from residents of Forsyth County, North Carolina; Jackson, Mississippi (black individuals only); the northwestern suburbs of Minneapolis, Minneapolis; and Washington County, Maryland (ie, center). The present study included ARIC participants free of stroke at baseline, followed up through December 31, 2017. Data were collected through personal interviews and physical examinations during study visits, annual/semiannual telephone interviews, and active surveillance of discharges from local hospitals. Stroke events were adjudicated by study-physicians reviewers. Analysis began September 2018.The main outcome was stroke incidence rates, which were computed with 95% CIs stratifying the analysis by age and calendar time. Trends in adjusted incidence rates were assessed using Poisson regression incidence rate ratios. Models included calendar time, age, sex, race/center, and time-varying risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, cholesterol-lowering medication use, and smoking).Of 14 357 ARIC participants with 326 654 person-years of follow-up, the mean (SD) age at baseline was 54.1 (5.8) years and 7955 (55.4%) were women. From 1987 to 2017, a total of 1340 incident strokes occurred among ARIC participants, and among them, 1028 (76.7%) occurred in participants 65 years and older. Crude incidence rates of stroke for participants 65 years and older decreased progressively from 1987 to 2017. Incidence rates, adjusted for age, sex, race/center, and time-varying risk factors, decreased by 32% (95% CI, 23%-40%) per 10 years in participants 65 years and older. Findings were consistent across decades, sex, and race.Validated total stroke incidence rates in adults 65 years and older decreased over the last 30 years in the ARIC cohort. The decrease in rates previously reported for 1987 to 2011 extends for the subsequent 6 years in men and women as well as in white and black individuals.
TCT-124 Gender Differences in Revascularization and 30-Day Readmissions After ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in the United States: A Nationwide Readmissions Database Analysis
Authors: Diala Steitieh, Daniel Lu, Ilhwan Yeo, Luke Kim, Nivee Amin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
TCT-71 Impact of Intravascular Ultrasound Guidance on Long-Term (10-Year) Mortality and Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Do-Yoon Kang, Hanbit Park, Sang-Cheol Cho, Pil Hyung Lee, Jung-Min Ahn, Duk-Woo Park, Seung-Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Novel mouse glioma model using Cre-inducible lentiviral vectors reveals the broad existence of brain tumor stem/initiating cells in GBMs.
Authors: Tomotoshi Marumoto, Miriam Scadeng, Ayumu Tashiro, Yasushi Soda, Inder Verma
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

5723  Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a catastrophic disease due to its strong resistance to existing treatments. However our knowledge regarding the mechanism of its rise and progression is far from sufficient. Undoubtedly mouse models of gliomas are one of the most powerful tools to uncover this deadly disease. We report a novel mouse glioma model by the cell type/region specific gene transfer in adult mice using Cre inducible lentiviral vectors (pTomo) which can express the activated form of an oncogene in addition to GFP. About 40 % of the GFAP-Cre mice (8-16 weeks old) injected with pTomo H-Ras and pTomo AKT into the right hippocampus showed the formation of glioma-like tumors. They showed increased cellular density, necrosis and an infiltrative character, however they lacked some histological characters for GBMs such as high mitotic activity, nuclear pleomorphism and giant cell formation. In contrast, 100 % of the GFAP-Cre/p53+/- mice injected with pTomo H-Ras and pTomo AKT into the right hippocampus showed the formation of tumors having all the histological characters for GBMs with a shorter latency (005 tumor). Given that p53 mutation is thought to be related to the malignant transformation of low grade gliomas, this glioma model may be able to recapitulate human GBMs. In those tumors, about 90 % of the cells were GFP positive, indicating that most of the tumor cells arose from the cells which had been infected with the lentiviral vectors. Surprisingly, these GFP positive tumor cells became GFAP negative and Nestin positive. Furthermore, these GFP positive tumor cells could form neurosphere-like structures, although they did not differentiate in response to various stimuli. Unexpectedly, implantation of only 100 GFP positive cells isolated from 005 tumor body in NOD-SCID mice resulted in the generation of a tumor similar to their original one. These results indicate that GFP positive cells derived from the tumor induced by the activation of H-Ras and AKT in GFAP-Cre/p53+/- mice are functionally involved in brain tumor stem/initiating cells. GFP positive tumor cells have been found throughout the tumor, therefore brain tumor stem/initiating cells may exist in broad areas of the tumor. This broad existence and large numbers of those cells in GBMs may make the tumor resistant to different therapeutic approaches.
Pulmonary Hypertension in Children
Authors: Elizabeth Neptune, Nidhy Varghese, Marianna Sockrider
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2017)

In a structurally normal heart, oxygen-poor blood flows to the right side of the heart from the body.The blood then flows into the right atrium and finally into the right ventricle.The right ventricle pumps this blood through the pulmonary artery into the lungs.In the lungs, the blood becomes enriched with oxygen.This oxygenrich blood then flows to the left side of the heart so the body's organs can get enough oxygen to function properly.In pulmonary hypertension (PH), there is high pressure in the blood vessels of the lungs.This makes the right ventricle work harder.The harder the right ventricle has to work with this strain, the higher the risk for failure.
Zonulin in serum as a biomarker fails to identify the IBS, functional dyspepsia and non-coeliac wheat sensitivity
Authors: Nicholas J Talley, Gerald J Holtmann, Michael Jones, Natasha A Koloski, Marjorie M Walker, Grace Burns, Michael D E Potter, Ayesha Shah, Simon Keely
Journal: Gut (2019)

We read with interest the recent work by Stevens et al 1 showing the association between zonulin, fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plasma levels and increased gut permeability in asymptomatic gastroenterology patients with depression and anxiety disorders, when compared with controls. Zonulin is a regulator of intestinal permeability and a marker of intestinal barrier impairment,2 which is reported in the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD),3 both of which are associated with anxiety and depression.4 5 The tight junctional protein zonulin (ZO-1) is significantly reduced in these patients possibly driving a low-grade immune response.3 6 

The utility of serum zonulin as a biomarker is controversial. One study observed higher serum zonulin levels in coeliac disease (CD) (mean 0.033 ng/mg total proteins), non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) (mean 0.030 ng/mg total proteins) and IBS-diarrhoea (mean 0.012 ng/mg total proteins) patients, versus healthy controls,7 but the Malmo Diet and Cancer cardiovascular cohort showed no association between serum zonulin and reported GI symptoms or IBS and FD.8 We aimed to examine serum zonulin as a biomarker for IBS and FD.

Adult participants were recruited from two sources9; (1) a population-based study (n=242; mean age 62.1 (SD=11.9) years; 45.9% female) and (2) a two-site hospital-based study (n=102; mean age 45.0 (SD=16.2) years; 67.4% female). In the population-based study, IBS (n=40) and FD (n=42) were diagnosed according to modified Rome III criteria, while CD (n=6), gluten intolerance (n=6) and NCGS (n=44) had self-reported doctor diagnoses. Healthy controls (n=182) did not meet Rome …
The whole-genome landscape of Burkitt lymphoma subtypes
Authors: Razvan I. Panea, Cassandra L. Love, Jennifer R. Shingleton, Anupama Reddy, Jeffrey A. Bailey, Ann M. Moormann, Juliana A. Otieno, John Michael Ong’echa, Cliff I. Oduor, Kristin M. S. Schroeder, Nestory Masalu, Nelson J. Chao, Megan Agajanian, Michael B. Major, Yuri Fedoriw, Kristy L. Richards, Grzegorz Rymkiewicz, Rodney R. Miles, Bachir Alobeid, Govind Bhagat, Christopher R. Flowers, Sarah L. Ondrejka, Eric D. Hsi, William W. L. Choi, Rex K. H. Au-Yeung, Wolfgang Hartmann, Georg Lenz, Howard Meyerson, Yen-Yu Lin, Yuan Zhuang, Micah A. Luftig, Alexander Waldrop, Tushar Dave, Devang Thakkar, Harshit Sahay, Guojie Li, Brooke C. Palus, Vidya Seshadri, So Young Kim, Randy D. Gascoyne, Shawn Levy, Minerva Mukhopadyay, David B. Dunson, Sandeep S. Dave
Journal: Blood (2019)
A Polygenic Risk Score for Breast Cancer in US Latinas and Latin American Women
Authors: Yiwey Shieh, Laura Fejerman, Paul C Lott, Katie Marker, Sarah D Sawyer, Donglei Hu, Scott Huntsman, Javier Torres, Magdalena Echeverry, Mabel E Bohórquez, Juan Carlos Martínez-Chéquer, Guadalupe Polanco-Echeverry, Ana P Estrada-Flórez, Christopher A Haiman, Esther M John, Lawrence H Kushi, Gabriela Torres-Mejía, Tatianna Vidaurre, Jeffrey N Weitzel, Sandro Casavilca Zambrano, Luis G Carvajal-Carmona, Elad Ziv, Susan L Neuhausen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2019)

More than 180 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with breast cancer susceptibility have been identified; these SNPs can be combined into polygenic risk scores (PRS) to predict breast cancer risk. Because most SNPs were identified in predominantly European populations, little is known about the performance of PRS in non-Europeans. We tested the performance of a 180-SNP PRS in Latinas, a large ethnic group with variable levels of Indigenous American, European, and African ancestry.We conducted a pooled case-control analysis of US Latinas and Latin American women (4658 cases and 7622 controls). We constructed a 180-SNP PRS consisting of SNPs associated with breast cancer risk (P < 5 × 10-8). We evaluated the association between the PRS and breast cancer risk using multivariable logistic regression, and assessed discrimination using an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. We also assessed PRS performance across quartiles of Indigenous American genetic ancestry. All statistical tests were two-sided.Of 180 SNPs tested, 142 showed directionally consistent associations compared with European populations, and 39 were nominally statistically significant (P < .05). The PRS was associated with breast cancer risk, with an odds ratio per SD increment of 1.58 (95% confidence interval [CI = 1.52 to 1.64) and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.63 (95% CI = 0.62 to 0.64). The discrimination of the PRS was similar between the top and bottom quartiles of Indigenous American ancestry.The 180-SNP PRS predicts breast cancer risk in Latinas, with similar performance as reported for Europeans. The performance of the PRS did not vary substantially according to Indigenous American ancestry.
TCT-173 The ABSORB III and ABSORB Japan Trials: Final Intravascular Ultrasound Results
Authors: Yasuhiro Honda, Kozo Okada, Takeshi Nishi, Hideki Kitahara, Masayasu Ikutomi, M. Brooke Hollak, Paul G. Yock, Jeffrey Popma, Hajime Kusano, Wai-Fung Cheong, Krishna Sudhir, Stephen Ellis, Dean Kereiakes, Gregg Stone, Takeshi Kimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Safety and Efficacy of Obinutuzumab Plus Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide in Previously Untreated Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Subgroup Analysis of the GREEN Study
Authors: Veronique Leblond, Guy Cantin, Agostino Cortelezzi, Wolfgang Knauf, Mourad Tiab, Mehmet Turgut, Andrey Zaritskey, Jean-Louis Merot, Kerstin Trunzer, Susan Robson, Ekaterina Gresko, Stephan Stilgenbauer, Robin Foà, Francesc Bosch
Journal: Blood (2017)
Treatment of Childhood Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma With Induction Chemotherapy and Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy: Results of the Children’s Oncology Group ARAR0331 Study
Authors: Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, Mark D. Krailo, Matthew J. Krasin, Li Huang, M. Beth McCarville, John Hicks, Farzana Pashankar, Alberto S. Pappo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

The treatment of childhood nasopharyngeal carcinoma has been adapted from adult regimens; pediatric-specific studies are limited. The ARAR0331 study sought to evaluate the impact of induction chemotherapy (IC) and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCR).Patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer stages IIb to IV were scheduled to receive three cycles of IC with cisplatin and fluorouracil, followed by CCR with three cycles of cisplatin. Patients with complete or partial response to IC received 61.2 Gy to the nasopharynx and neck, and patients with stable disease received 71.2 Gy.Between February 2006 and January 2012, 111 patients (75 male) were enrolled. Median age was 15 years, and 46.8% of the patients were African American. After a feasibility analysis, the study was amended to reduce cisplatin to two cycles during CCR. The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival estimates were 84.3% and 89.2%, respectively. The 5-year EFS for stages IIb, III, and IV were 100%, 82.8%, and 82.7%, respectively. The 5-year cumulative incidence estimates of local, distant, and combined relapse were 3.7%, 8.7%, and 1.8%, respectively. Patients treated with three versus two CCR cycles of cisplatin had improved 5-year postinduction EFS (90.7% v 81.2%, P = .14).Patients in ARAR0331 were characterized by advanced disease and by a high proportion of black children and adolescents. Treatment with IC and CRT resulted in excellent outcomes. A radiation dose reduction is possible for patients responding to IC. Although the outcomes are comparable, we observed a trend toward decreased EFS for patients assigned to receive fewer doses of cisplatin during CCR.
TCT-299 The Impact of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction on Long-Term Outcomes in Patients Undergoing PCI: Analysis From a Large Pooled Randomized Trial Dataset
Authors: Mingyou Zhang, Akiko Maehara, Zixuan Zhang, Martin Leon, Jeffrey W. Moses, Gary Mintz, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Comprehensive Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies Breast Cancer Patients Who May Be Spared Adjuvant Systemic Therapy
Authors: Martin Sjöström, S. Laura Chang, Nick Fishbane, Elai Davicioni, Linda Hartman, Erik Holmberg, Felix Y. Feng, Corey W. Speers, Lori J. Pierce, Per Malmström, Mårten Fernö, Per Karlsson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Purpose: There is currently no molecular signature in clinical use for adjuvant endocrine therapy omission in breast cancer. Given the unique trial design of SweBCG91-RT, where adjuvant endocrine and chemotherapy were largely unadministered, we sought to evaluate the potential of transcriptomic profiling for identifying patients who may be spared adjuvant endocrine therapy. Experimental Design: We performed a whole-transcriptome analysis of SweBCG91-RT, a randomized phase III trial of ± radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery for node-negative stage I–IIA breast cancer. Ninety-two percent of patients were untreated by both adjuvant endocrine therapy and chemotherapy. We calculated 15 transcriptomic signatures from the literature and combined them into an average genomic risk, which was further used to derive a novel 141-gene signature (MET141). All signatures were then independently examined in SweBCG91-RT and in the publicly available METABRIC cohort. Results: In SweBCG91-RT, 454 patients were node-negative, postmenopausal, and systemically untreated with ER-positive, HER2-negative cancers, which constitutes a low-risk subgroup and potential candidates for therapy omission. Most transcriptomic signatures were highly prognostic for distant metastasis, but considerable discordance was observed on the individual patient level. Within the MET141 low-risk subgroup (lowest 25th percentile of scores), 95% of patients were free of metastasis at 15 years, even in the absence of adjuvant endocrine therapy. In a clinically low-risk subgroup of the METABRIC cohort not treated with systemic therapy, no breast cancer death occurred among the MET141 low-risk patients. Conclusions: Transcriptomic profiling identifies patients with an excellent outcome without any systemic adjuvant therapy in clinically low-risk patients of the SweBCG91-RT and METABRIC cohorts.
Association of Prior Convictions for Driving Under the Influence With Risk of Subsequent Arrest for Violent Crimes Among Handgun Purchasers
Authors: Rose M. C. Kagawa, Susan Stewart, Mona A. Wright, Aaron B. Shev, Veronica A. Pear, Christopher D. McCort, Rocco Pallin, Rameesha Asif-Sattar, Sydney Sohl, Philip H. Kass, Magdalena Cerdá, Paul Gruenewald, David M. Studdert, Garen J. Wintemute
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2019)

Alcohol use is a risk factor for firearm-related violence, and firearm owners are more likely than others to report risky drinking behaviors.To study the association between prior convictions for driving under the influence (DUI) and risk of subsequent arrest for violent crimes among handgun purchasers.In this retrospective, longitudinal cohort study, 79 678 individuals were followed up from their first handgun purchase in 2001 through 2013. The study cohort included all legally authorized handgun purchasers in California aged 21 to 49 years at the time of purchase in 2001. Individuals were identified using the California Department of Justice (CA DOJ) Dealer's Record of Sale (DROS) database, which retains information on all legal handgun transfers in the state.The primary exposure was DUI conviction prior to the first handgun purchase in 2001, as recorded in the CA DOJ Criminal History Information System.Prespecified outcomes included arrests for violent crimes listed in the Crime Index published by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (murder, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault), firearm-related violent crimes, and any violent crimes.Of the study population (N=79 678), 91.0% were males and 68.9% were white individuals; the median age was 34 (range, 21-49) years. The analytic sample for multivariable models included 78 878 purchasers after exclusions. Compared with purchasers who had no prior criminal history, those with prior DUI convictions and no other criminal history were at increased risk of arrest for a Crime Index-listed violent crime (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.6; 95% CI, 1.7-4.1), a firearm-related violent crime (AHR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.3-6.4), and any violent crime (AHR, 3.3; 95% CI, 2.4-4.5). Among purchasers with a history of arrests or convictions for crimes other than DUI, associations specifically with DUI conviction remained.This study's findings suggest that prior DUI convictions may be associated with the risk of subsequent violence, including firearm-related violence, among legal purchasers of handguns. Although the magnitude was diminished, the risk associated with DUI conviction remained elevated even among those with a history of arrests or convictions for crimes of other types.
Reversible Thermoresponsive Hydrogel Fabricated from Natural Biopolymer for the Improvement of Critical Limb Ischemia by Controlling Release of Stem Cells
Authors: Rui Wang, Xueliang Yao, Tingyu Li, Xue Li, Mingming Jin, Yebin Ni, Weizhong Yuan, Xiaoyun Xie, Ligong Lu, Maoquan Li
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2019)

Abstract Stem cells therapy is an effective treatment for critical limb ischemia diseases (CLI), but is limited to low cells retention and poor target release in severe ischemia tissues. Due to the notable feature of CLI, namely, the temperature of ischemia tissues decreases with the severity of the lesions, a thermoresponsive and reversible hydrogel based on methylcellulose‐salt system encapsulating stem cells is facilely prepared and successfully achieved the goal of releasing stem cells in lower temperature areas. The investigations show that the thermogel presents notable biocompatibility, thermoresponsiveness, and cytoprotection. Furthermore, the combined transplantation of hydrogel and stem cells system effectively inhibits the fibrosis and muscular atrophy of lower limb ischemia, accelerates the recovery of lower limb blood flow, and promotes angiogenesis, indicating that the reversible thermogel can promote vascular repair by controlling the release of loaded stem cells in the treatment of CLI.
TCT-49 Perceived Versus Competency-Based Assessment of Interventional Cardiology Fellows’ Abilities in Intracoronary Physiology and Imaging
Authors: Erin Flattery, Hussein Rahim, Fotios Gkargkoulas, Ajay Jayant Kirtane, Sahil A. Parikh, Manish Parikh, Jeffrey W. Moses, Dimitri Karmpaliotis, Aaron Crowley, Ori Ben-Yehuda, Martin Leon, Gregg Stone, Akiko Maehara, Gary Mintz, Ziad Ali
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Cervical cancer: WHO called for elimination, not eradication
Authors: Partha Basu, Raymond Hutubessy, Nathalie Broutet
Journal: BMJ (2019)

The BMJ ’s news article on how high coverage of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine could “eradicate” cervical cancer has created some confusion, which is evident from the letter written to the journal by Peter English.12 We’d like to clarify the difference between elimination and eradication and clear any doubts raised by the use of incorrect terminology. 

The director general of the World Health Organization made a global call for …