tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Multifaceted Mobile Technology–Enabled Primary Care Intervention With Cardiovascular Disease Risk Management in Rural Indonesia
Authors: Anushka Patel, Devarsetty Praveen, Asri Maharani, Delvac Oceandy, Quentin Pilard, Mohan P. S. Kohli, Sujarwoto Sujarwoto, Gindo Tampubolon
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2019)

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of disease burden in Indonesia. Implementation of effective interventions for CVD prevention is limited.To evaluate whether a mobile technology-supported primary health care intervention, compared with usual care, would improve the use of preventive drug treatment among people in rural Indonesia with a high risk of CVD.A quasi-experimental study involving 6579 high-risk individuals in 4 intervention and 4 control villages in Malang district, Indonesia, was conducted between August 16, 2016, and March 31, 2018. Median duration of follow-up was 12.2 months. Residents 40 years or older were invited to participate. Those with high estimated 10-year risk of CVD risk (previously diagnosed CVD, systolic blood pressure [BP] >160 mm Hg or diastolic BP >100 mm Hg, 10-year estimated CVD risk of 30% or more, or 10-year estimated CVD risk of 20%-29% and a systolic BP >140 mm Hg) were followed up.A multifaceted mobile technology-supported intervention facilitating community-based CVD risk screening with referral, tailored clinical decision support for drug prescription, and patient follow-up.The primary outcome was the proportion of individuals taking appropriate preventive CVD medications, defined as at least 1 BP-lowering drug and a statin for all high-risk individuals, and an antiplatelet drug for those with prior diagnosed CVD. Secondary outcomes included mean change in BP from baseline.Among 22 635 adults, 3494 of 11 647 in the intervention villages (30.0%; 2166 women and 1328 men; mean [SD] age, 58.3 [10.9] years) and 3085 of 10 988 in the control villages (28.1%; 1838 women and 1247 men; mean [SD] age, 59.0 [11.5] years) had high estimated risk of CVD. Of these, follow-up was completed in 2632 individuals (75.3%) from intervention villages and 2429 individuals (78.7%) from control villages. At follow-up, 409 high-risk individuals in intervention villages (15.5%) were taking appropriate preventive CVD medications, compared with 25 (1.0%) in control villages (adjusted risk difference, 14.1%; 95% CI, 12.7%-15.6%). This difference was driven by higher use of BP-lowering medication in those in the intervention villages (1495 [56.8%] vs 382 [15.7%]; adjusted risk difference, 39.4%; 95% CI, 37.0%-41.7%). The adjusted mean difference in change in systolic BP from baseline was -8.3 mm Hg (95% CI, -10.1 to -6.6 mm Hg).This study found that a multifaceted mobile technology-supported primary health care intervention was associated with greater use of preventive CVD medication and lower BP levels among high-risk individuals in a rural Indonesian population.
Gender-based analysis of pre-residency research productivity among a current United States radiation oncology resident class.
Authors: Shearwood McClelland, Blair Murphy, Jerry Jeff Jaboin, Richard C. Zellars
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

10504 Background: The increasing proportion of women in medicine has not been adequately reflected in the gender distribution of residents, particularly in highly competitive subspecialties such as neurosurgery and radiation oncology. The presence of at least one pre-residency peer-reviewed publication (PRP) was found to be associated with future resident choice of academic over private practice career in a recent radiation oncology resident graduating class, with no significant gender difference in the likelihood of having a PRP (McClelland et al., Practical Radiation Oncology 2017). We sought to pursue a gender-based analysis of PRP productivity in a current junior resident class. Methods: A list of radiation oncology residents from the graduating class of 2022 (PGY-2 academic year of 2018-2019) was obtained through internet investigation. In addition to gender, demographics included dual degree status and presence/absence of a PhD. Research productivity was calculated using PRP number, defined as the number of a resident’s publications listed in PubMed (pubmed.gov) through the calendar year of residency application (2016 for the class of 2022), as previously described. Fisher’s exact test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Of 179 residents examined from the 2022 class, 55 (31%) were women, representing a nine percent increase from the resident class of 2016. Four-fifths had at least one PRP, 33% had dual degrees, and 18% had a PhD. These percentages were comparable to their male counterparts, 73% of whom had at least one PRP, 28% who had dual degrees, and 15% who had a PhD. Specific analyses revealed no statistically significant differences by gender in any of these benchmarks (p&gt;0.05). Conclusions: While slower than the overall trend of increased female representation in medicine, the proportion of women in radiation oncology residency has increased by approximately 1.4% per year over a recent six year span. There remain no significant differences in PRP productivity between male and female residents, and there are no significant gender differences in the likelihood of dual degree status or PhD status. Further study will be needed to determine how these findings manifest in career choice following graduation.
Nutrition Education in Medical Training
Authors: Mark Glen
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
3D morphometric analysis to yield high sensitivity and specificity enumeration of circulating tumor cells.
Authors: Michael Meyer, Thomas Neumann, Rahul Katdare, Chris Presley, Jon Hayenga, Ben Hawthorne, Alan Nelson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e22031 Background: The enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has become a common method to assess cancer treatment efficacy. In this study, we propose to test our ability to detect and enumerate CTCs using a morphometric classifier based on 3D cell features to distinguish normal cells from lysed blood and breast cancer cells. Methods: Commercially available normal whole blood was lysed to destroy red blood cells, leaving white blood cells and some cell debris. These cells and breast cancer cells from the SK-BR-3 cell line were studied. The cells were stained with hematoxylin, then were automatically imaged using VisionGate’s 3D cell imaging system (Cell-CT) that unambiguously renders individual cells with isometric, sub-micron resolution. Image libraries of cells were created. For each cell, 683 morphology features were computed. Features characterize various aspects of the cell such as chromatin distribution in the nucleus, nuclear volume and shape and nuclear to cell volume ratios. The true cell diagnosis for each cell was determined by a cytotechnologist and added to the feature set. Cross-validated classifiers were created using the technique of adaptive boosting that combines a sub-set of the features into a single score that best correlated with the binary cell diagnoses. Results: 3,256 normal cells or other normal objects and 1,843 breast cancer cells were studied. A classifier that distinguished normal cells from cancer cells was created that used the strongest 25 3D morphology features. The morphometric classifier had an area under the ROC curve that measured 0.9998. This classifier could be operated with near perfect specificity and a cancer cell sensitivity of 95%. Conclusions: Performance of automated, 3D morphometric classifiers for cancer cell detection suggests highly accurate CTC enumeration with implications for patient management and prediction of cancer progression.
There is much more to rely on histology than the sole endoscopy tells us
Authors: Matteo Ghisa, Massimo Rugge, Matteo Fassan, Fabio Farinati, Edoardo Savarino
Journal: Gut (2019)

We read with great interest the article by Banks and coworkers, who presented the British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on the diagnosis and management of patients at risk of gastric carcinoma (GC).1 This work exhaustively provides statements and recommendations on the prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis and management of gastric premalignant lesions (ie, gastric atrophy (GA) and gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM)) as well as early gastric cancer. Relevant suggestions for improving our clinical practice were made; however, some data have been underestimated and given the lack of useful predictors of cancer progression, we believe they are important to emphasise.

In these guidelines GA and GIM are grouped as chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), which was staged based on its extension in the antrum-incisura or even …
Manual of Practical Anatomy.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mitochondrial Damage and Activation of the STING Pathway Lead to Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis
Authors: Ki Wung Chung, Poonam Dhillon, Shizheng Huang, Xin Sheng, Rojesh Shrestha, Chengxiang Qiu, Brett A. Kaufman, Jihwan Park, Liming Pei, Joseph Baur, Matthew Palmer, Katalin Susztak
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2019)
Spotlight on the Association of Radioactive Iodine Treatment With Cancer Mortality in Patients With Hyperthyroidism is Keeping the Highest Risk From Antithyroid Drugs in the Blind Spot
Authors: Mark Tulchinsky, A. Bertrand Brill
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Abstract July 1, 2019, JAMA Internal Medicine released online an article authored by Kitahara et al entitled “Association of radioactive iodine treatment with cancer mortality in patients with hyperthyroidism.” The Altmetric Attention Score, a global indicator of interest from lay public and colleagues, skyrocketed to 223 by July 7, placing the article in the top 5% of all scored reports. The overall perception of death from cancer risk associated with 131 I is inflated and not supported by evidence. As co-authors of this article, we offer previously unpublished data and analysis that (1) disputes clinical significance of the associated risk from 131 I and (2) shows, again, that antithyroid drugs carry a statistically significant and a much more obvious cancer death risk.
Breast cancer risk associated with HRT increases with longer use, finds study
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2019)

The longer that women take menopausal hormone therapy (MHT)—commonly referred to as hormone replacement therapy (HRT)—the higher their risk of developing breast cancer, according to a study from the Lancet .1

Researchers looked at all types of MHT (except topical vaginal oestrogens) and found they were all associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, with the risk being greater for users of oestrogen-progestagen hormone therapy compared with oestrogen only hormone therapy.

The increased risk lasted for more than 10 years after ceasing MHT, and was higher depending on the length of use.

The researchers said the study was about “getting the evidence right” rather than telling people what they should do, but asked for the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) to review the data and decide if its guidance should change.

Currently, NICE says that MHT with oestrogen and progestogen can be associated with an increased risk of …
Patient Characteristics and Pre-Infusion Biomarkers of Inflammation Correlate with Clinical Outcomes after Treatment with the Defined Composition, CD19-Targeted CAR T Cell Product, JCAR017
Authors: Tanya Siddiqi, Jeremy S. Abramson, Daniel Li, William Brown, Todd Devries, Kedar Dave, Jacob Garcia, Maria Lia Palomba, Leo I. Gordon, Matthew A. Lunning, Jon E. Arnason, Michael Wang, Andres Forero-Torres, David G. Maloney, Tina Albertson, Claire L Sutherland
Journal: Blood (2017)
The Enduring Debate Over Cost Sharing for Essential Public Health Tools
Authors: Jessica L. Cohen
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

Wei Chang, MSW, MPH; Primrose Matambanadzo, MPH; Albert Takaruza, BSc; Karin Hatzold, MD, MPH; Frances M. Cowan, MD; Euphemia Sibanda, PhD; Harsha Thirumurthy, PhD
Abstract 18442: Cardiac-specific SOCS3 Deficiency Leads to Left Ventricular Dysfunction With Advanced Age Through Impaired Autophagy
Authors: Shoichiro Nohara, Hideo Yasukawa, Toyoharu Oba, Takanobu Nagata, Jinya Takahashi, Koutatsu Shimozono, Tomoko Minami, Hideki Ohshima, Sachiko Kyogoku, Daisuke Fukui, Kazutoshi Mawatari, Yusuke Sugi, Yoshihiro Fukumoto
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) is a cytokine-inducible negative regulator of JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Cardiac-specific SOCS3 deficient mice (SOCS3-CKO) spontaneously develop cardiac dysfunction with advanced age. Hypothesis: We thus evaluated the underlying mechanism of age-related cardiac dysfunction in SOCS3-cKO mice. Methods: To create SOCS3-CKO mice, SOCS3-flox mice were bred with mice harboring a transgene encoding Cre recombinase driven by the α-myosin heavy chain promoter. Cardiac fibrosis was measured by Sirius-red staining. We evaluated autophagy induction by western blot using an antibody raised against microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3). Results: SOCS3-CKO mice were born at the expected Mendelian ratio, but developed cardiac dysfunction estimated by echocardiogram from 25 weeks of age. Cardiac fibrosis was greater in SOCS3-CKO mice compared to control mice (p&lt;0.01). Western blot analysis revealed that increased activation of STAT3 from 25 weeks of age in SOCS3-CKO mice (p&lt;0.01). TUNEL-positive cells were not observed in both control and SOCS3-CKO mice at 35 weeks of age. Expressions of Bax and Bad were comparable between control and SOCS3-CKO mice, indicating that apoptosis is not a main mechanism in the cardiac dysfunction with advanced age in SOCS3-CKO mice. In SOCS3-CKO mice hearts from 25 weeks of age, LC3II/LC3I ratio was significantly decreased (p&lt;0.01). Western blot analysis revealed that expression of parkin and PINK1 but not p62 and Bnip3 were decreased in SOCS3-CKO mice compared with control mice from 25 weeks of age (p&lt;0.01). We found that fasting-induced changes of LC3II/LC3I ratio were correlated with activation of STAT3 in WT mice hearts (p&lt;0.01). Conclusions: These results suggest that age-related cardiac dysfunction in SOCS3-CKO mice may be due to impaired autophagy through sustained STAT3 activation.
Diabetic microcirculatory disturbances and pathologic erythropoiesis are provoked by deposition of amyloid-forming amylin in red blood cells and capillaries
Authors: Nirmal Verma, Miao Liu, Han Ly, Analia Loria, Kenneth S. Campbell, Heather Bush, Philip A. Kern, Pedro A. Jose, Heinrich Taegtmeyer, Donald M. Bers, Sanda Despa, Larry B. Goldstein, Andrew J. Murray, Florin Despa
Journal: Kidney International (2019)
Outbreak of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning associated with consumption of mussels, United Kingdom, May to June 2019
Authors: Nick Young, Charlotte Robin, Rachel Kwiatkowska, Charles Beck, Dominic Mellon, Penelope Edwards, Jonathan Turner, Paul Nicholls, Gavin Fearby, Debbie Lewis, Douglas Hallett, Tracy Bishop, Tracey Smith, Russell Hyndford, Lewis Coates, Andrew Turner
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2019)

We report on six cases of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning following consumption of mussels harvested in the United Kingdom. Dinophysis spp. in the water column was found to have increased rapidly at the production site resulting in high levels of okadaic acid-group lipophilic toxins in the flesh of consumed mussels. Clinicians and public health professionals should remain aware of algal-derived toxins being a potential cause of illness following seafood consumption.
Adoptive immunotherapy with autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) pulsed ex vivo with patient-derived tumor cells in heavily pretreated, advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) patients: A feasibility study.
Authors: Camillo Porta, Daniela Montagna, Chiara Paglino, Simona Secondino, Cristina Bregant, Carlo Ganini, Cesare Perotti, Ilaria Turin, Paolo Pedrazzoli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

4575 Background: Immunotherapy still remains the only treatment which proved able to induce long-lasting complete responses in aRCC. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of adoptive immunotherapy with ex vivo-generated autologous CTLs pulsed with patient-derived tumor cells in heavily pre-treated subjects with aRCC. Methods: This study was performed in accordance with local regulations on the production of cell derivatives; local Ethical Committee approval was obtained on a named patient basis, after obtaining each patient’s informed consent. CTLs were generated stimulating CD8-enriched lymphocytes with dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with fresh autologous tumor cells in the presence of IL-12 and IL-7; these specific anti-tumor CTLs were expanded and then reinfused after a lymphodepleting chemotherapy with CTX and fludarabine, followed by s.c. administration of low-dose IL-2. Disease status was assessed after every two re-infusions. Eight patients were enrolled, 6 with a clear cell RCC, 1 with a papillary RCC, and 1 with a mixed, papillary and collecting ducts, RCC. All patients have been previously treated with a median of 5 prior treatment lines; the median time between diagnosis of aRCC and tumor biopsy was 55 months (15-185). Results: Six of the 8 enrolled patients have produced suitable tumor cell lines, and 5 of them had been already re-infused with tumor-specific CTLs. All patients received at least 2 CTL infusions (range: 2-5+); mean of totally infused CTLs was 10.7 x 10 9 (range: 4-26.6). All CTLs infusions were well tolerated, with no evidence of autoimmune reactions. In terms of antitumor activity, one patient achieved a partial response, 3 had a slowly progressing disease, and one patient is still not evaluable; furthermore, in 3 patients disease-related symptoms improved. Conclusions: Our preliminary results suggest that immunotherapy with autologous CTLs pulsed ex-vivo with patient-derived tumor cells is feasible and safe in heavily pre-treated aRCC patients. Signs of activity were recorded, suggesting the need to further expand this cohort of patients.
Cognitions associated with hypoglycemia awareness status and severe hypoglycemia experience in adults with type 1 diabetes: Cognitions in hypoglycemia awareness
Authors: Stephanie Anne Amiel, Amelia Cook, Stephanie Bu Bose, Nicole Foster, Emma Smith, Mengdi Wu, Georgina Margiotta, Michael Rickels, Jane Speight, Nicole de Zoysa
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)
Text-book on Forensic Medicine and Toxicology.
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Racial Disparities in Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration Among U.S. Infants Born in 2015
Authors: Jennifer L. Beauregard, Heather C. Hamner, Jian Chen, Wendy Avila-Rodriguez, Laurie D. Elam-Evans, Cria G. Perrine
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2019)

Surveillance of U.S. breastfeeding duration and exclusivity has historically reported estimates among all infants, regardless of whether they had initiated breastfeeding. These surveillance estimates have consistently shown that non-Hispanic black (black) infants are less likely to breastfeed, compared with other racial/ethnic groups.* Less is known about disparities in breastfeeding duration when calculated only among infants who had initiated breastfeeding, compared with surveillance estimates based on all infants. CDC analyzed National Immunization Survey-Child (NIS-Child) data for infants born in 2015 to describe breastfeeding duration and exclusivity at ages 3 and 6 months among all black and non-Hispanic white (white) infants, and among only those who had initiated breastfeeding. When calculated among all infants regardless of breastfeeding initiation, breastfeeding differences between black and white infants were 14.7 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI] = 10.7-18.8) for any breastfeeding at age 3 months and were significantly different for both any and exclusive breastfeeding at both ages 3 and 6 months. Among only infants who had initiated breastfeeding, the magnitude of black-white differences in breastfeeding rates were smaller. This was most notable in rates of any breastfeeding at 3 months, where the percentage point difference between black and white infants was reduced to 1.2 (95% CI = -2.3-4.6) percentage points and was no longer statistically significant. Black-white disparities in breastfeeding duration result, in part, from disparities in initiation. Interventions both to improve breastfeeding initiation and to support continuation among black mothers might help reduce disparities.