tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sixty seconds on . . . the contact tracing app
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The BMJ Another NHS app?I know it seems like we're hearing about a new one every week (particularly with such an "appy clappy" health secretary) but this one has a very specific purpose. Covid-19 . . . ?Got it in one.This week, a new contact tracing app is being piloted on the Isle of Wight, before being rolled out more widely later this month.The free app is a key part of the government's track and trace strategy for limiting a second wave of the virus.
Role of oxidized low density lipoprotein in atherogenesis.
Authors: J L Witztum, D Steinberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Evidence to support an important role of oxidative modification in mediating the atherogenicity of LDL continues to grow. New hypotheses suggest mechanisms by which Ox-LDL or products of Ox-LDL can affect many components of the atherogenic process, including vasomotor properties and thrombosis, as well as lesion initiation and progression itself. These ideas suggest new approaches, that in combination with lowering of plasma cholesterol, could lead to the prevention of atherosclerosis and its complications.
Covid-19: Surviving the long road ahead
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The BMJ More than four months after the first cases in China, we know a lot about covid-19.But much is still especially about the clinical course and long term effects of this multisystem disease.Mike Roberts and colleagues describe the hyperinflammatory response that can affect the lungs, heart, kidneys, nerves, muscles, gut, and brain (https://bit.ly/2xBn7M6).They encourage clinicians to actively seek signs of organ involvement beyond the respiratory tract and to consider early renal support to avoid acute kidney injury.
Dennis H Wright
Authors: Margaret Ashton-Key
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Dennis H Wright was appointed as the foundation professor of pathology at the University of Southampton in 1972. Although he retired in 1996, he remained active in diagnosis until very recently, regularly attending the weekly lymphoma review panel in Southampton, and was still researching a further hypothesis regarding Burkitt lymphoma. His last international presentation was on the pathogenesis of endemic Burkitt lymphoma, at the meeting of the European Association of Haematopathology in Basel in September 2016 at the age of 85, which received a standing ovation. His final publication was the third edition of his book Diagnostic Lymph Node Pathology , published in 2016, which was awarded “highly commended” in the 2017 BMA book awards.

Dennis grew up in Norfolk and attended the City of Norwich School with a county scholarship. He was subsequently awarded the University of Bristol open scholarship to read medicine. He qualified with honours and a substantial collection of academic prizes, including the Bristol Royal Hospital gold …
1252 ELASTOGRAPHY AND CONTRAST-ENHANCED ULTRASONOGRAPHY IMPROVES EARLY DETECTION OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH)
Authors: C.F. Carvalho, M.C. Chammas, B. Cogliatti, J.T. Stefano, F.J. Carrilho, C.P.M.S. Oliveira
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Metabolic Evolution of Brain Metastasis After Stereotactic Radiosurgery
Authors: Francesco Cicone, Luciano Carideo, Veronica Villani, Claudia Scaringi, Alessandro Bozzao, Francesco Scopinaro, Giuseppe Minniti
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract The differentiation between radiation-induced changes and tumor recurrence is a major pitfall of magnetic resonance imaging, which can be overcome by the use of PET. Although amino-acid PET tracers showed several advantages over 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose in neurooncology, studies comparing these 2 types of radiopharmaceuticals in previously irradiated brain metastases are lacking. Here, we demonstrated a mismatch between 3,4-dihydroxy-6-[ 18 F]-fluoro- l -phenylalanine (F-DOPA) and FDG in the first report of a previously irradiated brain metastasis undergoing a longitudinal evaluation by sequential double tracer PET imaging.
Assessment of Treatment Strategies to Achieve Hepatitis C Elimination in Canada Using a Validated Model
Authors: Mawuena Binka, Naveed Z. Janjua, Jason Grebely, Chris Estes, Dena Schanzer, Jisoo A. Kwon, Naglaa H. Shoukry, Jeffrey C. Kwong, Homie Razavi, Jordan J. Feld, Mel Krajden
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Achievement of the World Health Organization (WHO) target of eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV) by 2030 will require an increase in key services, including harm reduction, HCV screening, and HCV treatment initiatives in member countries. These data are not available for Canada but are important for informing a national HCV elimination strategy. <h3>Objective</h3> To use a decision analytical model to explore the association of different treatment strategies with HCV epidemiology and HCV-associated mortality in Canada and to assess the levels of service increase needed to meet the WHO elimination targets by 2030. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Study participants in this decision analytical model included individuals with hepatitis C virus infection in Canada. Five HCV treatment scenarios (optimistic, very aggressive, aggressive, gradual decrease, and rapid decrease) were applied using a previously validated Markov-type mathematical model. The optimistic and very aggressive treatment scenarios modeled a sustained annual treatment of 10 200 persons and 14 000 persons, respectively, from 2018 to 2030. The aggressive, gradual decrease, and rapid decrease scenarios assessed decreases in treatment uptake from 14 000 persons to 10 000 persons per year, 12 000 persons to 8500 persons per year, and 12 000 persons to 4500 persons per year, respectively, between 2018 and 2030. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Hepatitis C virus prevalence and HCV-associated health outcomes were assessed for each of the 5 treatment scenarios with the goal of identifying strategies to achieve HCV elimination by 2030. <h3>Results</h3> An estimated mean 180 142 persons (95% CI, 122 786-196 862 persons) in Canada had chronic HCV infection at the end of 2017. The optimistic and gradual decrease scenarios estimated a decrease in HCV prevalence from 180 142 persons to 37 246 persons and 37 721 persons, respectively, by 2030. Relative to 2015, this decrease in HCV prevalence was associated with 74%, 69%, and 69% reductions in the prevalence of decompensated cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver-associated mortality, respectively, leading to HCV elimination by 2030. More aggressive treatment uptake (very aggressive scenario) could result in goal achievement up to 3 years earlier than 2030, although a rapid decrease in the initiation of treatment (rapid decrease scenario) would preclude Canada from reaching the HCV elimination goal by 2030. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The study findings suggest that Canada could meet the WHO goals for HCV elimination by 2030 by sustaining the current national HCV treatment rate during the next decade. This target will not be achieved if treatment uptake is allowed to decrease rapidly.
Covid-19: Trump says added deaths are necessary price for reopening US businesses
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

A rise in mortality is a price worth paying to restart the US economy, President Trump has said, as many states flout advice from scientists and reopen beaches, cinemas, or hair salons while new coronavirus infections are still widespread.

Asked whether deaths would rise as states reopened their economies, the president said, “Hopefully that won’t be the case. It could very well be the case.”

“I’m not saying anything is perfect,” Trump said while touring a mask factory in Phoenix, Arizona, on 6 May. “Will some people be affected? Yes. Will some people be affected badly? Yes. But we have to get our country open, and we have to get it open soon.”

Wearing no mask as he toured the factory, …
Correlation of laboratory haemoconcentration measures with filling pressures obtained via pulmonary arterial pressure sensors in ambulatory heart failure patients
Authors: Aws Almufleh, Akshay Desai, Renaud Fay, Joao Pedro Ferreira, Leo Buckley, Mandeep R. Mehra, Patrick Rossignol, Faiez Zannad
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2020)
Use of beta-blockers for rosacea-associated facial erythema and flushing: A systematic review and update on proposed mode of action
Authors: Jade G.M. Logger, Jill I. Olydam, Rieke J.B. Driessen
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)

Flushing and erythema are frequent skin symptoms in rosacea. Because their adequate treatment remains a clinical challenge, new treatment options are explored, such as oral β-blockers.To evaluate the efficacy of oral β-blockers for rosacea-associated facial flushing and erythema.PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched, including studies providing original data on the efficacy of oral β-blockers in rosacea patients with facial flushing and/or persistent erythema. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, Newcastle-Ottawa scale, and Quality in Prognosis Studies tool.Nine studies evaluating the use of carvedilol, propranolol, nadolol, and β-blockers in general were included. Articles studying carvedilol and propranolol showed a large reduction of erythema and flushing during treatment with a rapid onset of symptom control. Bradycardia and hypotension were the most commonly described adverse events.Most studies had a retrospective design with a small sample size, and outcome measurement was often subjective.Oral β-blockers could be an effective treatment option for patients with rosacea with facial erythema and flushing that does not respond to conventional therapy. Larger prospective trials with objective outcome assessment are needed to validate the promising results of these studies.
Treatment of chronic type B and C hepatitis with interferon alfa: An economic appraisal*1
Authors: G DUSHEIKO
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The aim of this study is to assess the long-term economic impact of treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C with interferon alfa. Estimates were made of the progression of the disease over a 30-year period using a transitional probability model. Cohorts of 1,000 hypothetical patients with either chronic hepatitis B or C treated with interferon alfa were compared with an untreated cohort. The costs were estimated for therapy, monitoring, and treatment of the disease, including transplantation. The cost-effectiveness of therapy was expressed in terms of cost per life saved, cost per year of life saved, and cost per quality-adjusted year of life saved. The analysis was extended to include the indirect costs to patients. The analysis included two rates of progression, two mortality rates, and discounted and undiscounted costs. Mortality in the treated group was lower, saving 18 to 31 lives in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) cohort and 13 to 22 lives in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) cohort. Fewer patients progressed to cirrhosis or decompensated cirrhosis. Discounted costs per year of life saved ranged from £2,142 to £17,128. A cost-benefit analysis indicated excess benefits over costs when values for life were included in the analysis. The potential usefulness of interferon alfa on the clinical and economic outcome of treatment is indicated from the model. These findings together with the benefits that are likely to accrue from the reduction in infectious individuals suggest that this therapy has a role to play in public health policy to contain the impact of hepatitis.
Cooperation and obligation in early parent-child relationships
Authors: Ross A Thompson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2020)

Abstract Tomasello's moral psychology of obligation would be developmentally deepened by greater attention to early experiences of cooperation and shared social agency between parents and infants, evolved to promote infant survival. They provide a foundation for developing understanding of the mutual obligations of close relationships that contribute (alongside peer experiences) to growing collaborative skills, fairness expectations, and fidelity to social norms.
Development of a Sensing Array for Human Breath Analysis Based on SWCNT Layers Functionalized with Semiconductor Organic Molecules
Authors: Sonia Freddi, Aleksei V. Emelianov, Ivan I. Bobrinetskiy, Giovanni Drera, Stefania Pagliara, Daria S. Kopylova, Maria Chiesa, Giuseppe Santini, Nadia Mores, Umberto Moscato, Albert G. Nasibulin, Paolo Montuschi, Luigi Sangaletti
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

A sensor array based on heterojunctions between semiconducting organic layers and single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films is produced to explore applications in breathomics, the molecular analysis of exhaled breath. The array is exposed to gas/volatiles relevant to specific diseases (ammonia, ethanol, acetone, 2-propanol, sodium hypochlorite, benzene, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen dioxide). Then, to evaluate its capability to operate with real relevant biological samples the array is exposed to human breath exhaled from healthy subjects. Finally, to provide a proof of concept of its diagnostic potential, the array is exposed to exhaled breath samples collected from subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), an airway chronic inflammatory disease not yet investigated with CNT-based sensor arrays, and breathprints are compared with those obtained from of healthy subjects. Principal component analysis shows that the sensor array is able to detect various target gas/volatiles with a clear fingerprint on a 2D subspace, is suitable for breath profiling in exhaled human breath, and is able to distinguish subjects with COPD from healthy subjects based on their breathprints. This classification ability is further improved by selecting the most responsive sensors to nitrogen dioxide, a potential biomarker of COPD.
Immunology of COVID-19: Current State of the Science
Authors: Nicolas Vabret, Graham J. Britton, Conor Gruber, Samarth Hegde, Joel Kim, Maria Kuksin, Rachel Levantovsky, Louise Malle, Alvaro Moreira, Matthew D. Park, Luisanna Pia, Emma Risson, Miriam Saffern, Bérengère Salomé, Myvizhi Esai Selvan, Matthew P. Spindler, Jessica Tan, Verena van der Heide, Jill K. Gregory, Konstantina Alexandropoulos, Nina Bhardwaj, Brian D. Brown, Benjamin Greenbaum, Zeynep H. Gümüş, Dirk Homann, Amir Horowitz, Alice O. Kamphorst, Maria A. Curotto de Lafaille, Saurabh Mehandru, Miriam Merad, Robert M. Samstein, Manasi Agrawal, Mark Aleynick, Meriem Belabed, Matthew Brown, Maria Casanova-Acebes, Jovani Catalan, Monica Centa, Andrew Charap, Andrew Chan, Steven T. Chen, Jonathan Chung, Cansu Cimen Bozkus, Evan Cody, Francesca Cossarini, Erica Dalla, Nicolas Fernandez, John Grout, Dan Fu Ruan, Pauline Hamon, Etienne Humblin, Divya Jha, Julia Kodysh, Andrew Leader, Matthew Lin, Katherine Lindblad, Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo, Gabrielle Lubitz, Assaf Magen, Zafar Mahmood, Gustavo Martinez-Delgado, Jaime Mateus-Tique, Elliot Meritt, Chang Moon, Justine Noel, Tim O’Donnell, Miyo Ota, Tamar Plitt, Venu Pothula, Jamie Redes, Ivan Reyes Torres, Mark Roberto, Alfonso R. Sanchez-Paulete, Joan Shang, Alessandra Soares Schanoski, Maria Suprun, Michelle Tran, Natalie Vaninov, C. Matthias Wilk, Julio Aguirre-Ghiso, Dusan Bogunovic, Judy Cho, Jeremiah Faith, Emilie Grasset, Peter Heeger, Ephraim Kenigsberg, Florian Krammer, Uri Laserson
Journal: Immunity (2020)
Abstract 15228: Trends in Mortality From Valvular Heart Disease in Europe From 2001-2015
Authors: Chike C Nwabuo, Queen N Aghaji, Binu Philips, Joseph Shalhoub, Dominic Marshall, Justin D Salciccioli
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Deaths from cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure and coronary artery disease have been declining in developed countries over the last decade. However, mortality trends from v...
Targeting Glycosylation: A New Road for Cancer Drug Discovery
Authors: Ana Filipa Costa, Diana Campos, Celso A. Reis, Catarina Gomes
Journal: Trends in cancer (2020)

Cancer is a deadly disease that encompasses numerous cellular modifications. Among them, alterations in glycosylation are a proven reliable hallmark of cancer, with most biomarkers used in the clinic detecting cancer-associated glycans. Despite their clear potential as therapy targets, glycans have been overlooked in drug discovery strategies. The complexity associated with the glycosylation process, and lack of specific methodologies to study it, have long hampered progress. However, recent advances in new methodologies, such as glycoengineering of cells and high-throughput screening (HTS), have opened new avenues of discovery. We envision that glycan-based targeting has the potential to start a new era of cancer therapy. In this article, we discuss the promise of cancer-associated glycosylation for the discovery of effective cancer drugs.
Errors in Units of Measure and Reference Value for Laboratory Tests and Numbers of Patients in Study of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China
Authors: Yuanlin Song, Junhua Zheng
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
CT quantification of pneumonia lesions in early days predicts progression to severe illness in a cohort of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Fengjun Liu, Qi Zhang, Chao Huang, Chunzi Shi, Lin Wang, Nannan Shi, Cong Fang, Fei Shan, Xue Mei, Jing Shi, Fengxiang Song, Zhongcheng Yang, Zezhen Ding, Xiaoming Su, Hongzhou Lu, Tongyu Zhu, Zhiyong Zhang, Lei Shi, Yuxin Shi
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Rationale: Some patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly develop respiratory failure or even die, underscoring the need for early identification of patients at elevated risk of severe illness.This study aims to quantify pneumonia lesions by computed tomography (CT) in the early days to predict progression to severe illness in a cohort of COVID-19 patients.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included confirmed COVID-19 patients.Three quantitative CT features of pneumonia lesions were automatically calculated using artificial intelligence algorithms, representing the percentages of ground-glass opacity volume (PGV), semi-consolidation volume (PSV), and consolidation volume (PCV) in both lungs.CT features, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE-II) score, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and d-dimer, on day 0 (hospital admission) and day 4, were collected to predict the occurrence of severe illness within a 28-day follow-up using both logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models.Results: We included 134 patients, of whom 19 (14.2%) developed any severe illness.CT features on day 0 and day 4, as well as their changes from day 0 to day 4, showed predictive capability.Changes in CT features from day 0 to day 4 performed the best in the prediction (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87~0.99;C-index=0.88,95% CI 0.81~0.95).The hazard ratios of PGV and PCV were 1.39 (95% CI 1.05~1.84,P=0.023) and 1.67 (95% CI 1.17~2.38,P=0.005), respectively.CT features, adjusted for age and gender, on day 4 and in terms of changes from day 0 to day 4 outperformed APACHE-II, NLR, and d-dimer.Conclusions: CT quantification of pneumonia lesions can early and non-invasively predict the progression to severe illness, providing a promising prognostic indicator for clinical management of COVID-19.
P130 Dynamic hyperinflation is associated with a poor cardiovascular response to exercise in COPD patients
Authors: P. Tzani, M. Aiello, D. Elia, L. Boracchia, E. Marangio, D. Olivieri, E. Clini, A. Chetta
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Pulmonary hyperinflation has the potential for significant adverse effects on cardiovascular function in COPD. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dynamic hyperinflation and cardiovascular response to maximal exercise in COPD patients. <h3>Methods</h3> We studied 48 patients (16F; age 68 yrs ±8; BMI 26±4) with COPD. All patients performed spirometry, plethysmography, Lung diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (TLco) measurement, and symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). The end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) was evaluated during the CPET. Cardiovascular response was assessed by change during exercise in oxygen pulse (ΔO<sub>2</sub> Pulse) and double product, that is, the product of systolic blood pressure and heart rate (DP reserve), and by the oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES), that is, the relation between oxygen uptake and ventilation. <h3>Results</h3> Patients with a peak exercise EELV (%TLC) ≥75% had a significantly lower resting FEV<sub>1</sub>/VC, FEF<sub>50</sub>/FIF<sub>50</sub> ratio and IC/TLC ratio, when compared to patients with a peak exercise EELV (%TLC) &lt;75%. Dynamic hyperinflation was strictly associated to a poor cardiovascular response to exercise: EELV (%TLC) showed a negative correlation with ΔO<sub>2</sub> Pulse (<i>r =</i>−<i>0.476</i>, p<i>=</i>0.001), OUES (<i>r =</i>−<i>0.452</i>, p<i>=</i>0.001) and DP reserve (<i>r =</i>−<i>0.425</i>, p<i>=</i>0.004). Furthermore, according to the ROC curve method, the EELV (% TLC) cut-off point which maximised sensitivity and specificity, with respect to a DP reserve value &lt;10 000 as threshold value, was ≥75 % (0.76 sensitivity and 0.80 specificity). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The present study shows that COPD patients with dynamic hyperinflation have a poor cardiovascular response to exercise. This finding supports the view that in COPD patients, dynamic hyperinflation may affect exercise performance not only by affecting ventilation, but also cardiac function.