tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
有 ALK 组织病理学特征的斯皮茨痣样黑色素瘤基因重排显示 ALK 拷贝数增加: 导致斯皮茨痣样黑色素瘤中 ALK 激活的一种新机制
Authors: M. Farah, P. Nagarajan, J.L. Curry, Z. Tang, T.‐B. Kim, P.P. Aung, C.A. Torres‐Cabala, A.K. Eterovic, J.A. Wargo, V.G. Prieto, M.T. Tetzlaff
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

斯皮茨痣样黑色素瘤是一种不常见的黑色素瘤(一类皮肤癌),可发生于任何年龄,看起来像一种名为“斯皮茨痣”的无害痣。这种相似性使其难以诊断。斯皮茨痣样瘤(斯皮茨痣)最近开始按照其基因特征进行分类,这意味着存在于其中的基因和某些分子改变与痣结构变化(可在显微镜下观察到)有关联。例如,斯皮茨痣样瘤具有一种叫做间变性淋巴瘤激酶 (ALK)的基因重排。ALK 这种基因指导身体合成有助于细胞彼此通讯的蛋白质。ALK 重排意味着该基因的一部分断裂并连接至另一基因。研究表明存在 ALK 重排的斯皮茨痣样瘤表现出不同的“丛状模式”。人体大多数基因都有两个拷贝,但有时分子改变会导致基因拷贝数增加或者一个拷贝丢失。如果增加了一个拷贝,则称之为拷贝数增加。在本报告中,来自美国的作者讨论了一个背部有一处 3 cm 肿瘤的 87 岁男性病例,并得出如下结论:ALK 拷贝数增加代表 ALK 在斯皮茨痣样瘤中激活的另一种机制,并显示出了与在 ALK重排的斯皮茨痣样瘤中观察到的相同丛状模式。
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Neonatal Outcomes—Reply
Authors: Teresa Janevic
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Abstract 14148: The AHA Life Simple 7: An Assessment Using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2011-2015
Authors: Andrew D Althouse, Michael S Sharbaugh, Floyd W Thoma, Joon Sup Lee, Vince M Figueredo, Suresh R Mulukutla
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: The AHA designed “Life’s Simple 7” (LS7) to educate the public on seven modifiable aspects of CVD risk. We leveraged existing data collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Pre...
Abstract 20112: Molecular Imaging of Chemokine Receptor Type 4 (CXCR4) Upregulation Independently Predicts Subsequent Contractile Dysfunction After Cardiac Ischemia in Mice
Authors: James T Thackeray, Annika Hess, Alexander Wittneben, Saskia Kropf, Hans-Jürgen Wester, Tobias L Ross, Frank M Bengel
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Acute inflammation after myocardial infarction (MI) influences left ventricular (LV) remodeling and healing, and may be a target for novel therapy. Molecular imaging of chemokine receptor CXCR4 can detect inflammation, but its value to predict subsequent LV dysfunction has not been elucidated. We aimed to measure acute inflammation and monitor LV geometry and function over 6 weeks post-MI. C57Bl/6 mice underwent permanent coronary occlusion (n=14), 60min ischemia-reperfusion (n=10) or sham surgery (n=5). Perfusion defects covered 18.6±12.3% of the LV with variable transmurality. Positron emission tomography (PET) using 68Ga-pentixafor measured CXCR4 upregulation at 1, 3, and 7d post-MI, with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for LV function. Cell uptake assays showed pentixafor uptake by leukocytes. CXCR4 was elevated at 1d and 3d post-MI compared to sham (% injected dose (ID)/g: d1, 1.0±0.2; d3, 0.8±0.2; sham, 0.5±0.1, p<0.001). Signal returned to baseline at 7d (0.5±0.1%ID/g, p=0.936). Flow cytometry conf...
Development of Thrombocytopenia and Survival Outcomes in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Patrick Mellors, Moritz Binder, Francis K. Buadi, Martha Q. Lacy, Morie A. Gertz, Angela Dispenzieri, Suzanne R. Hayman, Prashant Kapoor, Wilson I Gonsalves, Yi Hwa, Amie Fonder, Miriam Hobbs, Taxiarchis Kourelis, Rahma Warsame, Steven Zeldenrust, John A. Lust, Nelson Leung, Ronald S. Go, Robert A. Kyle, S. Vincent Rajkumar, Shaji K. Kumar
Journal: Blood (2018)
Line of therapy (LOT) definition impacts second-line (2L) survival duration in a metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPCa) electronic health record database.
Authors: Susan Meredith Fish, E. Dawn Flick, Arlene S. Swern, Ruiyun Jiang, Gilbert Jirau-Lucca, Michael S. Ondovik, Jian Hua Huang, Chrystal Ursula Louis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

300 Background: Establishing an accurate LOT definition in real-world data (RWD) oncology studies is critical for measuring the effects of treatments on outcomes, which informs decisions made by clinicians, regulators, and payers. However, measuring LOT in RWD analyses is challenging and varies across disease states. LOT is generally defined by treatment (tx) start and stop dates. When available, the date of disease progression (PD) can be used to enhance the LOT definition. We explored the analytical impact of varying LOT definitions on 2L survival outcomes. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients (pts) with mPC treated in US community practices was conducted using the Flatiron Health EHR–derived database. Two algorithms were applied to define LOT: tx change or ≥ 60-day gap in tx (LOTtx) and tx change after first PD (LOTpd). The impact on 1L and 2L sample sizes as well as 2L overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed. Results: 251 pts with an mPC diagnosis between 01 March and 31 October 2015, who initiated chemotherapy ≤ 60 days after mPC diagnosis, were analyzed. Applying the LOTtx definition, 121 pts received 1L tx only and 130 received a 2L tx. Using the LOTpd definition, 145 pts received 1L tx only and 105 received a 2L tx (12 pts were excluded due to unclear time of PD relative to tx). Applying these definitions to time-to-event analyses (from start of 2L therapy) revealed longer 2L OS with LOTtx vs LOTpd (n = 130 vs 105; median 2L OS [95% CI], 5.4 [4.1-7.4] versus 4.5 [3.7-7.3] mo) but similar 2L PFS (n = 122 vs 105; median 2L PFS [95% CI], 2.8 [2.3-3.5] versus 2.8 [2.3-3.6] mo). Conclusions: In this analysis, inclusion of PD in the LOT definition impacted 1L and 2L sample sizes and 2L survival results. In aggressive diseases like mPC, a 1-mo difference in OS estimates is clinically meaningful and may influence treatment decisions. The choice of LOT definition should be based on the research question at hand, available data, and the effort to decrease misclassification bias. Additional LOT definitions, with associated strengths and limitations, will also be presented.
Responses and Cardiotoxicity with R-CDOP and R-CHOP Observed in Frontline Therapy for Patients with Primary Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) and Follicular Lymphoma (FL): A Randomized Phase-IV Study from Multiple Centers in China
Authors: Lili Feng, Xiaoxia Chu, Hongguo Zhao, Yili Wang, Jie Li, Ying Li, Xuehong Ran, Jie Min, Lingyan Zhang, Hongzhi Xu, Jingxia Wang, Ling Wang, Yunliang Hao, Ruirong Xu, Juan Fan, Lei Wang, Xin Wang
Journal: Blood (2018)
Using data for improvement
Authors: Amar Shah
Journal: BMJ (2019)

What you need to know• Both qualitative and quantitative data are critical for evaluating and guiding improvement• A family of measures, incorporating outcome, process, and balancing measures, should be used to track improvement work• Time series analysis, using small amounts of data collected and displayed frequently, is the gold standard for using data for improvementWe all need a way to understand the quality of care we are providing, or receiving, and how our service is performing.We use a range of data in order to fulfil this need, both quantitative and qualitative.Data are defined as "information, especially facts and numbers, collected to be examined and considered and used to help decision-making." 1 Data are used to make judgements, to answer questions, and to monitor and support improvement in healthcare (box 1).The same data can be used in different ways, depending on what we want to know or learn. Box 1: Defining quality improvement 2Quality improvement aims to make a difference to patients by improving safety, effectiveness, and experience of care by: 1.Using understanding of our complex healthcare environment 2.Applying a systematic approach 3.Designing, testing, and implementing changes using real-time measurement for improvementWithin healthcare, we use a range of data at different levels of the system:• Patient level-such as blood sugar, temperature, blood test results, or expressed wishes for care)• Service level-such as waiting times, outcomes, complaint themes, or collated feedback of patient experience• Organisation level-such as staff experience or financial performance• Population level-such as mortality, quality of life, employment, and air quality.This article outlines the data we need to understand the quality of care we are providing, what we need to capture to see if care is improving, how to interpret the data, and some tips for doing this more effectively. Sources and selection criteriaThis article is based on my experience of using data for improvement at East London NHS Foundation Trust, which is seen as one of the world leaders in healthcare quality improvement.Our use of data, from trust board to clinical team, has transformed over the past six years in line with the learning shared in this article.This article is also based on my experience of teaching with the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, which guides and supports quality improvement efforts across the globe.
Patients as Perpetrators of Physician Sexual Harassment
Authors: Christina Girgis, Gauri Khatkhate, Christina Mangurian
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Current and Future Perspectives on Skin Tissue Engineering: Key Features of Biomedical Research, Translational Assessment, and Clinical Application
Authors: Justine R. Yu, Javier Navarro, James C. Coburn, Bhushan Mahadik, Joseph Molnar, James H. Holmes, Arthur J. Nam, John P. Fisher
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2019)

The skin is responsible for several important physiological functions and has enormous clinical significance in wound healing. Tissue engineered substitutes may be used in patients suffering from skin injuries to support regeneration of the epidermis, dermis, or both. Skin substitutes are also gaining traction in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries as alternatives to animal models for product testing. Recent biomedical advances, ranging from cellular-level therapies such as mesenchymal stem cell or growth factor delivery, to large-scale biofabrication techniques including 3D printing, have enabled the implementation of unique strategies and novel biomaterials to recapitulate the biological, architectural, and functional complexity of native skin. This progress report highlights some of the latest approaches to skin regeneration and biofabrication using tissue engineering techniques. Current challenges in fabricating multilayered skin are addressed, and perspectives on efforts and strategies to meet those limitations are provided. Commercially available skin substitute technologies are also examined, and strategies to recapitulate native physiology, the role of regulatory agencies in supporting translation, as well as current clinical needs, are reviewed. By considering each of these perspectives while moving from bench to bedside, tissue engineering may be leveraged to create improved skin substitutes for both in vitro testing and clinical applications.
Patient and Caregiver Consent for Publication of Unidentifiable Case Reports—A Barrier to Medical Education and Patient Care
Authors: Santhosshi Narayanan, Akhila Reddy, Eduardo Bruera
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin Chemotherapy or Surveillance in Resected Biliary Tract Cancer (PRODIGE 12-ACCORD 18-UNICANCER GI): A Randomized Phase III Study
Authors: Julien Edeline, Meher Benabdelghani, Aurélie Bertaut, Jérôme Watelet, Pascal Hammel, Jean-Paul Joly, Karim Boudjema, Laetitia Fartoux, Karine Bouhier-Leporrier, Jean-Louis Jouve, Roger Faroux, Véronique Guerin-Meyer, Jean-Emmanuel Kurtz, Eric Assénat, Jean-François Seitz, Isabelle Baumgaertner, David Tougeron, Christelle de la Fouchardière, Catherine Lombard-Bohas, Eveline Boucher, Trevor Stanbury, Christophe Louvet, David Malka, Jean-Marc Phelip
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

No standard adjuvant treatment currently is recommended in localized biliary tract cancer (BTC) after surgical resection. We aimed to assess whether gemcitabine and oxaliplatin chemotherapy (GEMOX) would increase relapse-free survival (RFS) while maintaining health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients who undergo resection.We performed a multicenter, open-label, randomized phase III trial in 33 centers. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) within 3 months after R0 or R1 resection of a localized BTC to receive either GEMOX (gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 on day 1 and oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 infused on day 2 of a 2-week cycle) for 12 cycles (experimental arm A) or surveillance (standard arm B). Primary end points were RFS and HRQOL.Between July 2009 and February 2014, 196 patients were included. Baseline characteristics were balanced between the two arms. After a median follow-up of 46.5 months (95% CI, 42.6 to 49.3 months), 126 RFS events and 82 deaths were recorded. There was no significant difference in RFS between the two arms (median, 30.4 months in arm A v 18.5 months in arm B; hazard ratio [HR], 0.88; 95% CI, 0.62 to 1.25; P = .48). There was no difference in time to definitive deterioration of global HRQOL (median, 31.8 months in arm A v 32.1 months in arm B; HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.73 to 2.26; log-rank P = .39). Overall survival was not different (median, 75.8 months in arm A v 50.8 months in arm B; HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.70 to 1.66; log-rank P = .74). Maximal adverse events were grade 3 in 62% (arm A) versus 18% (arm B) and grade 4 in 11% versus 3% ( P < .001).There was no benefit of adjuvant GEMOX in resected BTC despite adequate tolerance and delivery of the regimen.
Mechanistic Analysis of Prolonged Negative Impacts of Anti-CCR4 Antibody Mogamulizumab on Regulatory T Cell Homeostasis after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Yasuhisa Sando, Ken-Ichi Matsuoka, Yusuke Meguri, Takumi Kondo, Shuntaro Ikegawa, Hiroyuki Sugiura, Makoto Nakamura, Miki Iwamoto, Takeru Asano, Takanori Yoshioka, Yoshinobu Maeda
Journal: Blood (2018)
Somatic POLE proofreading domain mutations by next generation sequencing to predict outcomes in stage II colorectal cancer.
Authors: Shaobo Mo, Yaqi Li, Junjie Peng
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

559 Background: Stage II colorectal cancers (CRC) exhibit unique molecular heterogeneity and patients with somatic POLE mutations are defined as a distinct tumor subgroup. The aim of this study was to clarify the characteristics and prognostic effect of somatic POLE proofreading domain mutations by Next Generation Sequencing in stage II CRC. Methods: Recurrent patients were 1:1 matched to patient with no recurrence for stage II CRC patients diagnosed between 2008 and 2013 in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC). All patients were pathologically confirmed and received radical resection. Microsatellite instability status and POLE mutation status were determined by NGS using ColonCore panel (Burning Rock, Guangzhou, China). Groups based on NGS-POLE mutation status were compared in terms of patient demographics and pathologic features using chi-squared tests. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: In total, 245 stage II CRC patients were enrolled. POLE mutations were detected in 25 (10.2%) of 245 stage II CRC, while only 9 (3.7%) was located in proofreading domain (NGS-POLE EDM-mutations) and other 16 were found in non-proofreading domain (non-NGS-POLE mutations). Compared to cases with wild-type POLE, cases with NGS-POLE EDM-mutations were more prone to be microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) (3 of 9 [33.3%] vs. 23 of 236 [9.7%], p = 0.024), younger at diagnosis (median 46 years vs. 62 years, p &lt; 0.001), and more frequently with right-sided tumor location (6 of 9 [66.7%] vs. 54 of 236 [22.9%]; p = 0.003). All tumors with NGS-POLE EDM-mutations presented with a surprisingly high tumor mutation burden (TMB) (median 145.2 per Mb). Patients with NGS-POLE EDM-mutations have favorable 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) compared with those with non-NGS-POLE EDM-mutations and wild-type POLE (100% vs. 62.5% vs. 52.5%, p = 0.037). Though there is DFS difference between patients with non-NGS-POLE EDM-mutations and wild-type POLE, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.412). Conclusions: Stage II CRC patients with NGS-POLE EDM-mutation identify a special cancer subset with better immune environment predicting excellent outcomes.
Reply to Siebren Dijkstra and Carl J. Wijburg's Letter to the Editor re: Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, Karim H. Marzouk, et al. Randomized Trial Comparing Open Radical Cystectomy and Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy: Oncologic Outcomes. Eur Urol 2018;74:465–71. Can the Pattern of Cancer Recurrence Truly be Assigned to the Surgical Modality?
Authors: Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni
Journal: European Urology (2019)
Comparison between S-1 monotherapy and S-1 plus cisplatin as postoperative chemotherapy after R0 resection for stage IV gastric cancer patients with oligometastasis: A multicenter retrospective study.
Authors: Koshi Kumagai, Toshifumi Yamaguchi, Atsuo Takashima, Kengo Nagashima, Yosuke Kano, Masanori Terashima, Hiroshi Yabusaki, Kazuhiro Nishikawa, Kazuaki Tanabe, Gen Yunome, Yasuyuki Kawachi, Takanobu Yamada, Hiroki Fukunaga, Takahiro Kinoshita, Masaya Watanabe, Hiroki Taniguchi, Takeshi Sakamoto, Koshiro Ishiyama, Narikazu Boku
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

123 Background: Gastric cancer (GC) with liver metastasis (M1: HEP) and para-aortic lymph node metastasis (M1: LYM) is categorized as stage IV. Based on the retrospective reports, surgical resection is weakly recommended for oligo-metastasis (O-Meta), if resectable, in the Japanese GC Treatment Guidelines 2018. Whereas S-1 monotherapy as adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery for stage II/III GC and S-1 plus cisplatin (SP) as palliative chemotherapy for unresectable stage IV GC are standard treatments, there is no consensus about post-operative chemotherapy (Post-Cx) after R0 resection of stage IV GC with O-Meta. Methods: The criteria for this retrospective study were: 1) no prior treatment for GC, 2) R0 resection including O-Meta (HEP or LYM) at 20 institutions in the Stomach Cancer Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group between 2007 and 2012, 3) histological confirmation of adenocarcinoma for primary tumor and O-Meta (M1: HEP or LYM), 4) no other distant metastasis such as peritoneal metastasis. Results: A total of 110 patients were collected. Of the 94 eligible patients, 84 patients underwent gastrectomy followed by Post-Cx with S-1 (S-1 group: n = 55), SP (SP group: n = 22) or others (Others group: n = 7), and 10 patients did not receive post-Cx (non-Cx group). Median age for the S-1, SP, Others and non-Cx groups were 66, 60, 61, and 79 years old. Sites of oligo-metastasis (HEP/LYM) was 21/34, 9/13, 2/5, and 7/3 in the S-1, SP, Others and non-Cx groups. The 3- / 5-year overall and relapse free survival (OS and PFS) rates of all the patients were 45.6/31.4% and 24.5/21.3%, respectively. Median OS was 28.5 and 36.5 months in the S-1 and SP groups (HR 0.99; 95% CI 0.54-1.82, p = 0.986). In multivariate analysis, no Post-Cx, over 70 years old were identified as the independent poor prognostic factor for OS (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: R0 resection followed by Post-Cx for GC patients with O-Meta showed favorable survival, while there seems no additional benefit of cisplatin to S-1 alone.
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor, a candidate tumor suppressor gene
Authors: Enrique Zudaire, Natalia Cuesta, Vundavalli Murty, Alfredo Martinez, Gopeshwar Narayan, Mike Birrer, Ilanr Kirsch, Frank Cuttitta
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

3313  The aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AhRR) is a member of the bHLH/PAS superfamily of transcription factors. It functions by repressing the transcription activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. AhRR is located at the short arm of human chromosome 5 (5p15.3) where the presence of tumor suppressor gene(s) has been previously proposed based on loss of heterozigosity (LOH) studies on various primary tumors. Using real time PCR we have shown that AhRR is significantly downregulated in primary tumors when compared to normal tissues of the same origin. Mutational analysis on 30 cervical cancer specimens showed evidence for LOH of the 5p region by loss of polymorphic alleles. Methylation specific PCR on the AhRR gene showed hypermethylation in 78.3% of cervical cancers and 38.8% of testicular germ cell tumors and 100% of ovarian tumor cell lines. Artificial siRNA-knock down of AhRR on lung cancer cell line A549 (A549-AhRR-) and in normal breast cell line MCF10A significantly increases cell growth and clonogenicity in vitro. In a xenograft experiment, A549-AhRR- grew much faster than the control. A549-AhRR- is more resistant to apoptotic signals and induces more angiogenesis than the control cell line in vivo. In conclusion, AhRR plays a role as a tumor suppressor gene.