tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The KAP 2 Study: Preliminary Results from a Pragmatic Cluster Randomized Trial of a Community Education Intervention to Support Childhood Anemia Control in India
Authors: Arun S Shet, Merrick Zwarenstein, Abha Rao, Paul Jebaraj, Kartika Arumugam, Maya Mascarenhas, Neil Klar, Rosaria Maria Galanti
Journal: Blood (2017)
EP1.04-25 Increased PD-L1 Expression in MET Amplified (AMP) Advanced Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients (P)
Authors: E. Carcereny, M. Domenech, A. Muñoz, L. Angelats, A. Plaja, C. Erasun, C. Sanz, A. Estival, A. Hernandez, S. España, T. Moran, L. Vilà, Y. Garcia, E. Dalmau, I. Perez, A.M. Esteve, O. Fernandez, M. Manzano, J.L. Mate Sanz
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
Substantial prevalence of enteroparasites Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis sp. in asymptomatic schoolchildren in Madrid, Spain, November 2017 to June 2018
Authors: Lucia Reh, Aly Salimo Muadica, Pamela Carolina Köster, Sooria Balasegaram, Neville Q Verlander, Esther Ruiz Chércoles, David Carmena
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2019)

BackgroundProtozoan enteroparasites Cryptosporidium species and Giardia duodenalis are major contributors to the burden of gastrointestinal illness in children globally, whereas the stramenopile Blastocystis species has been associated with irritable bowel syndrome and skin disorders.AimTo investigate the carriage of these parasites in voluntary asymptomatic schoolchildren (4‒14 years) in 12 different primary and secondary schools in Leganés (Madrid, Spain).MethodsIn a prospective cross-sectional study, stool samples and epidemiological questionnaires on demographics and potential risk factors were collected from participating schoolchildren. Detection of enteric parasites was conducted by PCR-based methods and confirmed by sequence analysis. We calculated prevalence and odds ratios (OR) with logistic regression.ResultsStool samples and questionnaires were provided by 1,359 schoolchildren from 12 schools. The individual prevalence for any parasite was 28%; Blastocystis sp.: 13%; G. duodenalis: 18%; Cryptosporidium spp.: 1%. Two schoolchildren were infected with all three species and 53 with two species. Multivariable risk factor analysis using logistic regression models indicated that an existing infection with one parasite increased the odds for an additional infection with another parasite. The odds of Blastocystis sp. carriage increased up to the age of 10 years and being female increased the odds of Cryptosporidium spp. infection. Washing vegetables before preparing a meal was protective for Blastocystis sp. infection.ConclusionWe detected a larger than expected proportion of asymptomatic cases in the participanting schoolchildren. Further investigation of asymptomatic children should be considered. Good hygiene measures should be encouraged for individuals of all ages to protect from protozoal infections.
EP1.14-20 EGFR T790M Mutated Cells Are Not a New Emerging Sub-Clonal Population in Lung Adenocarcinoma After the Treatment of Targeted Therapy
Authors: X. Shi, S. Wu, Y. Liu, X. Liu, H. Wang, L. Zhang, Z. Liang, X. Zeng
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
EP1.14-39 BRG1 Deficient Cells Are Sensitive to the Inhibition of Specific Lysine Demethylases (KDMs) in Lung Cancer
Authors: A. Vilarrubí Porta, J.J. Alburquerque Béjar, D. Trastulli, P. Llabata, E. Pros, A. Villanueva, O. Romero, M. Sanchez-Cespedes
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
MAGE-A1 in lung adenocarcinoma as a promising target of chimeric antigen receptor T cells
Authors: Yuan Mao, Weifei Fan, Hao Hu, Louqian Zhang, Jerod Michel, Yaqin Wu, Jun Wang, Lizhou Jia, Xiaojun Tang, Li Xu, Yan Chen, Jin Zhu, Zhenqing Feng, Lin Xu, Rong Yin, Qi Tang
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2019)

Abstract Background Cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) are a special type of tumor antigen and are believed to act as potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. Methods In this study, we first screened a rational CTA MAGE-A1 for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and explored the detailed characteristics of MAGE-A1 in LUAD development through a series of phenotypic experiments. Then, we developed a novel MAGE-A1-CAR-T cell (mCART) using lentiviral vector based on our previous MAGE-A1-scFv. The anti-tumor effects of this mCART were finally investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results The results showed striking malignant behaviors of MAGE-A1 in LUAD development, which further validated the rationality of MAGE-A1 as an appropriate target for LUAD treatment. Then, the innovative mCART was successfully constructed, and mCART displayed encouraging tumor-inhibitory efficacy in LUAD cells and xenografts. Conclusions Taken together, our data suggest that MAGE-A1 is a promising candidate marker for LUAD therapy and the MAGE-A1-specific CAR-T cell immunotherapy may be an effective strategy for the treatment of MAGE-A1-positive LUAD.
Peptide-based materials for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Lu Zhang, Yanyu Huang, Aaron Raymond Lindstrom, Tzu-Yin Lin, Kit S Lam, Yuanpei Li
Journal: Theranostics (2019)

Peptide-based materials hold great promise as immunotherapeutic agents for the treatment of many malignant cancers. Extensive studies have focused on the development of peptide-based cancer vaccines and delivery systems by mimicking the functional domains of proteins with highly specific immuno-regulatory functions or tumor cells fate controls. However, a systemic understanding of the interactions between the different peptides and immune systems remains unknown. This review describes the role of peptides in regulating the functions of the innate and adaptive immune systems and provides a comprehensive focus on the design, categories, and applications of peptide-based cancer vaccines. By elucidating the impacts of peptide length and formulations on their immunogenicity, peptide-based immunomodulating agents can be better utilized and dramatic breakthroughs may also be realized. Moreover, some critical challenges for translating peptides into large-scale synthesis, safe delivery, and efficient cancer immunotherapy are posed to improve the next-generation peptide-based immunotherapy.
Abortion: Pro and Con
Authors: T I Steinman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

A physician writes in support of the repeal of all abortion laws.  He believes that freedom of choice must always be protected and that the beliefs of 1 individual or group should not dictate the conduct of another individual or group.  The physician should be allowed to care for his patient after proper counseling to help her through her decision without legislative restriction as long as his moral ethical or religious convictions are not violated.  No woman should be forced to have an abortion nor should any woman be forced to carry an unwanted pregnancy to term.
Highly Sensitive Real-Time PCR of V617F-JAK2-Mutation To Monitor Minimal Residual Disease and Guide Donor Lymphocte Infusion after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Myelofibrosis.
Authors: Nicolaus Kroeger, Anita Badbaran, Ernst Holler, Joachim Hahn, Guido Kobbe, Martin Bornhauser, Andreas Reiter, Tatjana Zabelina, Axel Zander, Boris Fehse
Journal: Blood (2006)
Prediction of Successful Ablation Site of Concealed Posteroseptal Accessory Pathways by a Novel Algorithm Using Baseline Electrophysiological Parameters
Authors: Chern-En Chiang, Shih-Ann Chen, Ching-Tai Tai, Tsu-Juey Wu, Shih-Huang Lee, Chen-Chuan Cheng, Chuen-Wang Chiou, Kuo-Chang Ueng, Zu-Chi Wen, Mau-Song Chang
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Radiofrequency catheter ablation of concealed posteroseptal accessory pathways (APs) has been a relatively difficult task for electrophysiologists. Without a detailed mapping procedure, the left versus the right posteroseptal AP could not be distinguished. We investigated the electrophysiological characteristics of concealed posteroseptal APs and defined criteria from baseline parameters to predict the successful ablation site. Validity of the criteria was prospectively verified. Methods and Results Eighty-nine consecutive patients with a single concealed posteroseptal AP underwent successful radiofrequency catheter ablation. Of the initial 48 patients (group 1), the right posteroseptal area was first mapped. If no ideal electrogram could be obtained, or after several ineffective radiofrequency pulses, the left posteroseptal area was then mapped. Special attention was paid to the stability of the coronary sinus catheter with the most proximal electrode straddling the ostium, verified by coronary sinus venography, in all patients. Six patients (12.5%) had the earliest retrograde atrial activation at the middle electrode of the coronary sinus catheter, and successful ablation could only be achieved at the left posteroseptal area. For patients who presented with the earliest atrial activation at the proximal electrode, the presence of long RP′ tachycardia suggested a right endocardial approach, while the ΔVA (defined as the difference in the VA intervals between that recorded at the His bundle catheter and that at one of the electrode groups recording the earliest atrial activation) ≥25 ms during tachycardia suggested a left endocardial approach. The subsequent 41 patients (group 2) were randomized into two subgroups. The initial mapping site was guided by the algorithm in group 2B, while it was not in group 2A. The successful ablation site could be predicted accurately in 18 (90%) of the 20 patients in group 2B. The radiofrequency pulses, ablation time, and fluoroscopic time were markedly reduced in group 2B, mainly because of the omission of unnecessary mapping procedure in the right posteroseptal area in patients with “left atrio–left ventricular” fibers. Conclusions By the algorithm based on baseline electrophysiological parameters, the successful ablation site could be accurately predicted in a majority of patients with concealed posteroseptal APs. Radiofrequency pulses, ablation time, and fluoroscopic time were markedly reduced.
Relationship of obstructive sleep apnoea severity and subclinical systemic atherosclerosis
Authors: Soriul Kim, Ki Yeol Lee, Nan Hee Kim, Robert D. Abbott, Cherry Kim, Seung Ku Lee, Seong Hwan Kim, Chol Shin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2019)

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common form of sleep disordered breathing. Untreated OSA might accelerate atherosclerosis, potentially increasing the cardiovascular disease burden in patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between objectively measured OSA severity and the presence of subclinical systemic atherosclerosis using noninvasive measurements, including tomographic quantification of the calcium burden. A total of 2157 participants of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, who were free of structural heart disease and underwent both in-home polysomnography and chest computed tomography, were cross-sectionally analysed. Participants were divided into three groups based on the severity of OSA: no OSA (apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) &lt;5 events·h −1 , n=1096), mild OSA (AHI 5– &lt;15 events·h −1 , n=700) and moderate-to-severe OSA (AHI ≥15 events·h −1 , n=361). Calcium deposits in the thoracic aorta and coronary arteries were measured by the Agatston score. Participants with moderate-to-severe OSA were 1.6 times (95% CI 1.18–2.15 times; p=0.002) more likely to have ascending thoracic aorta calcification (≥100 units) than those without OSA, after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, the association between moderate-to-severe OSA and ascending thoracic aorta calcification of subjects with higher epicardial fat volume was slightly stronger than that in patients without OSA and in the lowest epicardial fat volume tertile (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.30–3.43). Severity of OSA in the general population was independently associated with subclinical systemic atherosclerosis. These findings highlight the potential importance of severe OSA, especially in subjects with higher epicardial fat, as a possible predictive factor for systemic atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
Racial/Ethnic and Age Group Differences in Opioid and Synthetic Opioid–Involved Overdose Deaths Among Adults Aged ≥18 Years in Metropolitan Areas — United States, 2015–2017
Authors: Kumiko M. Lippold, Christopher M. Jones, Emily O’Malley Olsen, Brett P. Giroir
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2019)

Among the 47,600 opioid-involved overdose deaths in the United States in 2017, 59.8% (28,466) involved synthetic opioids (1). Since 2013, synthetic opioids, particularly illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF), including fentanyl analogs, have been fueling the U.S. overdose epidemic (1,2). Although initially mixed with heroin, IMF is increasingly being found in supplies of cocaine, methamphetamine, and counterfeit prescription pills, which increases the number of populations at risk for an opioid-involved overdose (3,4). With the proliferation of IMF, opioid-involved overdose deaths have increased among minority populations including non-Hispanic blacks (blacks) and Hispanics, groups that have historically had low opioid-involved overdose death rates (5). In addition, metropolitan areas have experienced sharp increases in drug and opioid-involved overdose deaths since 2013 (6,7). This study analyzed changes in overdose death rates involving any opioid and synthetic opioids among persons aged ≥18 years during 2015-2017, by age and race/ethnicity across metropolitan areas. Nearly all racial/ethnic groups and age groups experienced increases in opioid-involved and synthetic opioid-involved overdose death rates, particularly blacks aged 45-54 years (from 19.3 to 41.9 per 100,000) and 55-64 years (from 21.8 to 42.7) in large central metro areas and non-Hispanic whites (whites) aged 25-34 years (from 36.9 to 58.3) in large fringe metro areas. Comprehensive and culturally tailored interventions are needed to address the rise in drug overdose deaths in all populations, including prevention strategies that address the risk factors for substance use across each racial/ethnic group, public health messaging to increase awareness about synthetic opioids in the drug supply, expansion of naloxone distribution for overdose reversal, and increased access to medication-assisted treatment.
Colorado End-of-Life Options Act
Authors: Matthew Wynia
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Screening for new macrophage therapeutics
Authors: Christopher B. Rodell, Peter D. Koch, Ralph Weissleder
Journal: Theranostics (2019)

Myeloid derived macrophages play a key role in many human diseases, and their therapeutic modulation via pharmacological means is receiving considerable attention.Of particular interest is the fact that these cells are i) dynamic phenotypes well suited to therapeutic manipulation and ii) phagocytic, allowing them to be efficiently targeted with nanoformulations.However, it is important to consider that macrophages represent heterogeneous populations of subtypes with often competing biological behaviors and functions.In order to develop next generation therapeutics, it is therefore essential to screen for biological effects through a combination of in vitro and in vivo assays.Here, we review the state-of-the-art techniques, including both cell based screens and in vivo imaging tools that have been developed for assessment of macrophage phenotype.We conclude with a forward-looking perspective on the growing need for noninvasive macrophage assessment and laboratory assays to be put into clinical practice and the potential broader impact of myeloid-targeted therapeutics.
Selective YAP/TAZ inhibition in fibroblasts via dopamine receptor D1 agonism reverses fibrosis
Authors: Andrew J. Haak, Enis Kostallari, Delphine Sicard, Giovanni Ligresti, Kyoung Moo Choi, Nunzia Caporarello, Dakota L. Jones, Qi Tan, Jeffrey Meridew, Ana M. Diaz Espinosa, Aja Aravamudhan, Jessica L. Maiers, Rodney D. Britt, Anja C. Roden, Christina M. Pabelick, Y. S. Prakash, Seyed Mehdi Nouraie, Xiaoyun Li, Yingze Zhang, Daniel J. Kass, David Lagares, Andrew M. Tager, Xaralabos Varelas, Vijay H. Shah, Daniel J. Tschumperlin
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2019)

Pharmacologic stimulation of a G protein–coupled receptor preferentially expressed on fibroblasts reverses experimental lung and liver fibrosis.
Understanding the Right to Try Act
Authors: Rajiv Agarwal, Leonard B. Saltz
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2019)

Patients with cancer who have exhausted standard treatments often seek access to investigational drugs. Often, however, such access is unavailable, due to either the unavailability of a trial, lack of an open recruiting spot on the trial, even when the trial itself is open, or the inability of the patient to meet one or more trial eligibility criteria. In such settings patients often seek access to investigational agents outside of a trial. The federal "Right to Try" legislation was passed to create an additional avenue, different from the FDA's Expanded Access, or "Compassionate Use" Program, through which patients might obtain access to investigational drugs. A year after this legislation was signed into law, there remains both a limited awareness of it and a substantial degree of misunderstanding on the part of those who are aware of it. The law creates an avenue to greatly facilitate off-study administration when patient, physician, and the manufacturer are all in agreement regarding the off study use of an eligible investigational agent. The law does not, however, empower a patient to impose a demand on either a provider or a drug manufacturer, nor does it require any entity to provide financial coverage for the drug. Eligible drugs are those which are not approved by the FDA for any indication, have completed a phase I trial, have an ongoing pivotal trial, and have an active registration plan. We review the specific law with commentary on its implications for improved access to investigational drugs outside of clinical trials.
Efficacy and safety of the elexacaftor plus tezacaftor plus ivacaftor combination regimen in people with cystic fibrosis homozygous for the F508del mutation: a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial
Authors: Harry G M Heijerman, Edward F McKone, Damian G Downey, Eva Van Braeckel, Steven M Rowe, Elizabeth Tullis, Marcus A Mall, John J Welter, Bonnie W Ramsey, Charlotte M McKee, Gautham Marigowda, Samuel M Moskowitz, David Waltz, Patrick R Sosnay, Christopher Simard, Neil Ahluwalia, Fengjuan Xuan, Yaohua Zhang, Jennifer L Taylor-Cousar, Karen S McCoy, Karen McCoy, Scott Donaldson, Seth Walker, James Chmiel, Ronald Rubenstein, Deborah K. Froh, Isabel Neuringer, Manu Jain, Kathryn Moffett, Jennifer L. Taylor-Cousar, Bruce Barnett, Gary Mueller, Patrick Flume, Floyd Livingston, Nighat Mehdi, Charlotte Teneback, John Welter, Raksha Jain, Dana Kissner, Kapilkumar Patel, Francisco J. Calimano, Jimmy Johannes, Cori Daines, Thomas Keens, Herschel Scher, Subramanyam Chittivelu, Sudhakar Reddivalam, Ross Carl Klingsberg, Larry G. Johnson, Stijn Verhulst, Patricia Macedo, Damien Downey, Gary Connett, Edward Nash, Nicholas Withers, Timothy Lee, Marleen Bakker, Harry Heijerman, Francois Vermeulen, Eva Van Braeckel, Christiane Knoop, Elke De Wachter, Renske van der Meer, Petrus Merkus, Christof Majoor
Journal: The Lancet (2019)
ICON 2019—international scientific tendinopathy symposium: building an ICONic tendon tower—launching a new era in clinical tendinopathy research
Authors: Johannes Zwerver, Sean Mc Auliffe, Ebonie Kendra Rio, Alex Scott, Bill T Vicenzino, Adam Weir
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2019)

There is a lot we do not know about tendinopathy, but we know many athletes have tendon pain during or after sports. You may be surprised to learn that basic—dare we say foundational—issues surrounding clinical terminology and labels for tendon pathology have never been agreed on. We clinicians and researchers use a very wide range of terms inconsistently. This confuses patients, makes interpreting and comparing new research hard for clinicians and hampers communication among those engaged with the research.

Are you looking for a guide on what patient characteristics to report in tendon treatment trials? Good luck! We lack uniform standards for reporting participant characteristics in tendon research. There has been no meeting to discuss the clinical domains that should be included when evaluating patients in tendon trials. Should we measure pain or function do we need imaging? What about quality of life? This Babylonian tower of confusion …
A household-level score to predict the risk of tuberculosis among contacts of patients with tuberculosis: a derivation and external validation prospective cohort study
Authors: Matthew J Saunders, Tom Wingfield, Sumona Datta, Rosario Montoya, Eric Ramos, Matthew R Baldwin, Marco A Tovar, Benjamin E W Evans, Robert H Gilman, Carlton A Evans
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2019)

The epidemiological impact and cost-effectiveness of social protection and biomedical interventions for tuberculosis-affected households might be improved by risk stratification. We therefore derived and externally validated a household-level risk score to predict tuberculosis among contacts of patients with tuberculosis.