tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hematologic Recovery from Venetoclax-Containing Regimens in Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Depending on Prior Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Rabia Shahswar, Gernot Beutel, Piroska Klement, Alina Rehberg, Razif Gabdoulline, Christian Koenecke, Dominik Markel, Hendrik Eggers, Matthias Eder, Michael Stadler, Lothar Hambach, Steve Ehrlich, Gudrun Gohring, Brigitte Schlegelberger, Arne Trummer, Juergen Krauter, Arnold Ganser, Felicitas Thol, Michael Heuser
Journal: Blood (2019)
Poor Outcomes of HLA-Mismatched Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and High Ferritin Levels after a Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Regimen in Patients with Advanced Myelofibrosis
Authors: Han Bi Lee, Jae-Ho Yoon, Gi June Min, Sung-Soo Park, Silvia Park, Sung-Eun Lee, Yoo-Jin Kim, Seok Lee, Hee-Je Kim, Chang-Ki Min, Seok-Goo Cho, Jong Wook Lee, Ki-Seong Eom
Journal: Blood (2019)
ENT surgery: increasing day cases could save money, release beds, and benefit patients
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2019)

There is a “huge opportunity” for more ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgery to be carried out on a day case basis if the right facilities and expertise can be put in place, according to the latest report from the Getting it Right First Time programme.1

Increasing day case treatment would benefit patients, free up hospital beds, and save the NHS money. Increasing day case rates for tonsillectomy operations, for example, could release between £1.4m (€1.6m; $1.8m) and £3.7m per year, the report estimates.

The review team visited 126 units across England and found …
Prophylactic Antibiotic Use and Risk of Meningococcal Infections in Patients with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) Treated with Eculizumab Who Received Meningococcal Vaccination: Results from the International PNH Registry
Authors: Christopher J. Patriquin, Austin Kulasekararaj, Régis Peffault de Latour, Jun-Ho Jang, Saskia Langemeijer, Alexey A. Maschan, Amanda Wilson, Deepak Jain, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski
Journal: Blood (2019)
Role of immuno-therapy as a adjuvant treatment in advance head &amp; neck cancer, patient receiving chemo radiotherapy
Authors: M. C. Pant, R. Hadi, R. Prasad, D. Dalela, R. Pant, D. Parmar, M. Srivastava, S. Parikh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

2598 Background In India, Head & Neck cancer is the commonest malignancy in males and gradually on rise. Immuno-therapy for prevention and treatment of malignant disease is in experimental stage. So we used tuberculosis vaccine containing Mycobacterium w for management of advance cancer as a adjuvant therapy. Method In a randomized controlled study was conducted at King George’s Medical University & LCI to evaluate effect of vaccine containing Mw in Head & Neck cancer patients, receiving chemo Radiotherapy (60–70Gy with cisplatin 50 mg weekly for 6–7 weeks). Vaccine was given 0.1 ml Intradermally on weekly basis for 6 to 10 weeks. Patients were followed up for effect of therapy on tumor progression, side effect profile and Karnofsky performance Scale for quality of life. Results Total 91 patients completed treatment out of which 61 patients were in vaccine group and 30 were in control group. 8.1% (5) patients in vaccine group compared to 3.33% (1) in control group found complete response for tumor regression. While partial response was found in 85% (52) patients in vaccine group compared to 93.3% (28) in control group. Administration of vaccine was associated with significantly lower side effect profile in Mw vaccine. Hematological side effects were seen in 14.4% (9) Vs 33.33% (3), gastrointestinal side effects were seen in 4.19% (3) Vs 66.66% (4) patients of vaccine and control group respectively. Skin reactions grade II were 16.4% (14) Vs 50% (15) with grade III reaction was found in 16.66% (5) patients of control group only. Mucositis grade II was seen in 21.3% (13) Vs 46.6% (14) with grade III in 16.7% (5) patients of control group only. Improvement in quality of life was found (Karnofsky performance Scale more by a mean of 10) in vaccine group. Side effects in the form of small local abscess at site of Injection only 15% cases. Conclusion Immunotherapy may be useful as an Adjuvant therapy in Head & Neck cancer patients receiving Chemo Radiotherapy for better clinical response, reducing side effects and improve quality of life. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
GENE-18. TRANSCRIPTOME-WIDE ANALYSIS USING NANOPORE THIRD GENERATION SEQUENCING IN A RAT GLIOBLASTOMA MODEL: PROOF OF PRINCIPLE
Authors: Piroon Jejaroenpun, Thidathip Wongsurawat, Annick DeLoose, David Ussery, Intawat Nookaew, J D Day, Analiz Rodriguez
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract The RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technique is now routinely used to quantitatively explore genome-wide expression by various research fields including cancer research. The most common RNA-seq methodology produce billions of short-read sequencing in the range of 100–600 base pairs, from which it is occasionally difficult to reconstruct isoform-level transcriptome and fusion genes. The limitations of the short-reads can be overcome by using third-generation sequencing technologies, such as Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). This study aims to perform full-length cDNA sequencing using ONT platform and investigate the abilities of ONT in (1) identifying differential gene expression, (2) detecting differential transcript isoform usage, and (3) detecting fusion genes. To do these methods, CNS-1 cells were implanted into the frontal lobes of three Lewis rats. The CNS-1 model is a histocompatible astrocytoma cell line with an invasive pattern mimicking glioblastoma (GBM). After two weeks of transplantation, the transplanted tumors and the normal brain on the other side were collected as matched normal-tumor pairs. Total RNA extracted from the samples were subjected to the full-length cDNA sequencing on a portable MinION sequencer. In tumors samples, 615 genes involved in cell cycle were upregulated, whereas 1067 genes involved in neurological functions were downregulated. Finally, we could identify differential transcript isoform expression and fusion genes from the matched normal-tumor pairs. Overall, full-length sequencing of the cDNA molecules permitted a detailed characterization of the differential gene expression, the isoform complexity, and fusion genes. In the near future, we will use these methods on human samples.
Shuping Wang: helped save the lives of thousands in China by exposing contaminated blood scandal
Authors: Ned Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Photo credit: Dan Wooller

During the 1990s, in her native China, Shuping Wang, a doctor and medical researcher, was ostracised by colleagues and harassed by her supervisors. A small woman, she was once struck by a man wielding a baton. She was forced out of her job, and her marriage crumbled under the incessant pressure.

Wang was persecuted because she had repeatedly, over several years, refused to remain silent after discovering that blood plasma supplies in Henan province were contaminated with hepatitis C and HIV. Thousands of patients receiving blood transfusions were being infected by tainted blood, and an HIV epidemic was under way.

When Wang alerted her supervisors of the contamination, she was told to keep quiet. Commercial blood harvesting was big business in the province, attracting hundreds of thousands of poor farmers who were desperate to sell their blood. Implementing measures to clean up the blood supply, her supervisors said, would increase costs and reduce profits. So Wang became a whistleblower. She wanted to protect the “very poor and vulnerable people from the countryside,” who were suffering most from the tainted blood.

“Those who had the power to fix the problem thought it best to cover it up, to save face and to keep their good standing in their jobs,” Wang said in an interview a few weeks before her untimely death.1 “Speaking out cost me my job, my marriage, and my happiness at the time, but it also helped save the lives of thousands and thousands of people. That may sound exaggerated, but it is true.”

Speaking out against the corruption ultimately also cost Wang her homeland. In 2001, although she had left Henan province and was living in Beijing, she moved to the US to escape the continued persecution and start a new life.

Shuping Wang was born with …
PPM1D and DNMT3A Mutations in Myelodysplasia and Clonal Hematopoiesis
Authors: Masanori Motomura, Yoshikage Inoue, Yasunobu Nagata, Tetsuichi Yoshizato, Constance Baer, Yukihide Momozawa, Niroshan Nadarajah, Yasuhito Nannya, Kenichi Yoshida, Claudia Haferlach, Wolfgang Kern, Yoshiko Atsuta, Yuka Iijima-Yamashita, Yuichi Shiraishi, Makoto Onizuka, Kenichi Chiba, Hiroko Tanaka, Hidehiro Itonaga, Yasushi Miyazaki, Keizo Horibe, Masashi Sanada, Yoichiro Kamatani, Michiaki Kubo, Satoru Miyano, Torsten Haferlach, Seishi Ogawa, Hideki Makishima
Journal: Blood (2019)
Attacking the pandemic of physical inactivity: what is holding us back?
Authors: Michael Pratt, Andrea Ramirez Varela, Deborah Salvo, Harold W Kohl III, Ding Ding
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2019)

Physical inactivity was characterised as a global pandemic in the 2012 Lancet series on physical activity and health.1 The extent of the pandemic, causes and potential solutions were further explored in other papers in the 2012 and 2016 series, and recommendations derived from these papers and an associated workshop are summarised by Ding et al. 2 This paper builds on these syntheses of global knowledge and assesses progress or the lack thereof in addressing the global pandemic of physical inactivity. Ding et al noted the substantial growth of research on physical activity and public health, progress in integrating physical activity into public health policy and practice and make recommendations for closing still important gaps in knowledge. However, population level advances in public health programmes and policies lag behind those seen in equivalently important areas of public health such as HIV prevention, maternal mortality and tobacco control. Clearly, one of the reasons for lack of progress is that physical inactivity, much like diet, obesity and diabetes, is a complex problem requiring solutions across many sectors and at many levels. There is no silver bullet for physical activity promotion. In the current editorial, we examine whether we are failing to implement proven strategies or do not yet truly understand what works to increase population levels of physical activity and close with recommendations for researchers and policymakers.

Physical activity is now widely accepted as a global public health issue with many countries including it within national public health plans. Unfortunately, physical activity is often treated as a secondary factor hidden in broad non-communicable disease planning efforts. The 2018 WHO Global Action Plan for Physical Activity (GAPPA) may be the best manifestation of physical activity joining the mainstream of public health.3 It is well elucidated, evidence-based and engages multiple sectors, strategies and …
Identifying Patients With Cirrhosis Who Might Avoid Screening Endoscopy Based on Serum Albumin and Bilirubin and Platelet Counts
Authors: Guan Sen Kew, Zhao Jin Chen, Alexander Wenjun Yip, Yu Wei Cheryl Huang, Li Yin Tan, Yock Young Dan, Michelle Gowans, Daniel Qingyao Huang, Guan Huei Lee, Yin Mei Lee, Seng Gee Lim, How Cheng Low, Mark Dinesh Muthiah, Bee Choo Tai, Poh Seng Tan
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2019)
NIMG-36. EVALUATION OF [18F]DASA-23 FOR NON-INVASIVE MEASUREMENT OF ABERRANTLY EXPRESSED PYRUVATE KINASE M2 IN GLIOMA: FIRST-IN-HUMAN STUDY
Authors: Chirag Patel, Corinne Beinat, Tom Haywood, Surya Murty, Yuanyang Xie, Lawrence Recht, Seema Nagpal, Reena Thomas, Mohammad Khalighi, Harsh Gandhi, Dawn Holley, Sanjiv Gambhir
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract OBJECTIVES We developed 1-((2-fluoro-6-(fluoro-[18F])phenyl)sulfonyl)-4-((4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)piperazine ([18F]DASA-23) as a novel radiopharmaceutical to measure pyruvate kinase M2 levels by positron emission tomography (PET). PKM2 catalyzes the final step in glycolysis, the key process of tumor metabolism. PKM2 is preferentially expressed by glioblastoma (GBM) cells with minimal expression in the healthy brain, making it an important biomarker of cancer glycolytic re-programming. Here, we report the first evaluation of [18F]DASA-23 in human healthy volunteers and subjects with low-grade (LGG) and high-grade glioma (HGG). METHODS [18F]DASA-23 was synthesized under GMP conditions. Brain [18F]DASA-23 PET/MRI scans (3T) were performed in human healthy volunteers (n=5) and subjects with LGG (n=3) and HGG (n=2). The PET imaging duration was 60 min and standardized uptake value (SUV) calculations were performed on the 30–60 min summed images. The maximum SUV in the tumor (TumorSUVmax) and contralateral white matter (WMSUVmax) were calculated. RESULTS [18F]DASA-23 specific activity was 2961±873 mCi/µmol (n=10) with radiochemical purity &gt;95%, injected mass of 1.8±0.7 mcg, and dose of 0.3±0.02 mcg per kg body weight. In healthy volunteers, [18F]DASA-23 crossed the intact blood-brain barrier and was rapidly cleared through the bladder and also showed uptake in the gallbladder, liver, and intestines over time. [18F]DASA-23 was found to be intact in plasma up to 10 min post-injection and 75% intact at 30 min post-injection. In subjects with glioma, TumorSUVmax was significantly greater in HGG (2.2±0.4, n=2) compared to LGG (0.8±0.3m n=3), p=0.02. In this early human series, the normalized ratio of TumorSUVmax/WMSUVmax was not significantly different between subjects with HGG (2.0±0.6) and LGG (1.0±0.4), p=0.1. CONCLUSION [18F]DASA-23 is a promising new imaging agent for the non-invasive delineation of LGG and HGG based on aberrantly expressed PKM2. An ongoing study is evaluating the utility of this agent in additional patients with intracranial malignancies (NCT03539731).
Preliminary Report of MANIFEST, a Phase 2 Study of CPI-0610, a Bromodomain and Extraterminal Domain Inhibitor (BETi), in Combination with Ruxolitinib, in JAK Inhibitor (JAKi) Treatment Naïve Myelofibrosis Patients
Authors: Claire N Harrison, Andrea Patriarca, John Mascarenhas, Marina Kremyanskaya, Ronald Hoffman, Gary J. Schiller, Brian Leber, Timothy Devos, Sujan Kabir, Adrian Senderowicz, Jennifer Mertz, Patrick Trojer, James Shao, Vikas Gupta
Journal: Blood (2019)
The Impact of Age on the Outcome of Primary Treatment for Classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma: 70 Years of Age Is a Clinical Relevant Cutpoint and the Most Important Predictor of Overall Survival
Authors: Lourdes Calvente, Manjula Maganti, Mary Gospodarowicz, David C. Hodgson, Danielle Rodin, Alexander Sun, Richard Tsang, Robert Kridel, Vishal Kukreti, Anca Prica, Michael Crump, John Kuruvilla
Journal: Blood (2019)
AMG 701 Potently Induces Anti-Multiple Myeloma (MM) Functions of T Cells and IMiDs Further Enhance Its Efficacy to Prevent MM Relapse In Vivo
Authors: Shih-Feng Cho, Liang Lin, Lijie Xing, Kenneth Wen, Tengteng Yu, Phillip A Hsieh, Yuyin Li, Nikhil C. Munshi, Joachim Wahl, Katja Matthes, Kenneth C. Anderson, Tara Chapman-Arvedson, Yu-Tzu Tai
Journal: Blood (2019)
Copanlisib in Combination with Nivolumab in Subjects with Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Phase 2 Study
Authors: N. Nora Bennani, Grzegorz Nowakowski, Lisa M. Rimsza, Alex A Adjei, Laurence Doyle, Stephen M Ansell
Journal: Blood (2019)
Inducible degradation of lncRNA Sros1 promotes IFN-γ-mediated activation of innate immune responses by stabilizing Stat1 mRNA
Authors: Henan Xu, Yan Jiang, Xiaoqing Xu, Xiaoping Su, Yang Liu, Yuanwu Ma, Yong Zhao, Zhongyang Shen, Bo Huang, Xuetao Cao
Journal: Nature Immunology (2019)
Off-the-shelf EBV-specific T cell immunotherapy for rituximab-refractory EBV-associated lymphoma following transplantation
Authors: Susan Prockop, Ekaterina Doubrovina, Stephanie Suser, Glenn Heller, Juliet Barker, Parastoo Dahi, Miguel A. Perales, Esperanza Papadopoulos, Craig Sauter, Hugo Castro-Malaspina, Farid Boulad, Kevin J. Curran, Sergio Giralt, Boglarka Gyurkocza, Katharine C. Hsu, Ann Jakubowski, Alan M. Hanash, Nancy A. Kernan, Rachel Kobos, Guenther Koehne, Heather Landau, Doris Ponce, Barbara Spitzer, James W. Young, Gerald Behr, Mark Dunphy, Sofia Haque, Julie Teruya-Feldstein, Maria Arcila, Christine Moung, Susan Hsu, Aisha Hasan, Richard J. O’Reilly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2019)

BACKGROUND. Adoptive transfer of donor-derived EBV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (EBV-CTLs) can eradicate EBV-associated lymphomas (EBV-PTLD) after transplantation of hematopoietic cell (HCT) or solid organ (SOT) but is unavailable for most patients.
Full Donor Chimerism after Allografts for Myelofibrosis: The Role of Conditioning Regimen
Authors: Patrizia Chiusolo, Sabrina Giammarco, Teresa Lamparelli, Lucia Casarino, Monica Rossi, Alida Dominietto, Anna Maria Raiola, Francesca Gualandi, Carmen Di Grazia, Silvia Betti, Federica Sorà, Elena Rossi, Luciana Teofili, Simona Sica, Andrea Bacigalupo, Emanuele Angelucci
Journal: Blood (2019)
Open-Label Pilot Study of Genetically Engineered NY-ESO-1 Specific T Cells (GSK3377794) Alone or in Combination with Pembrolizumab in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Taiga Nishihori, Jonathan L. Kaufman, James E. Hoffman, Kristin Blouch, Sunil Pandit, Emily Butler, Amit Jain, Yuehui Wu, M. Phillip DeYoung, Aisha N. Hasan, Aaron P. Rapoport
Journal: Blood (2019)
Factors Associated With Use of High-Cost Agents for the Treatment of Metastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Cathy J Bradley, Megan Eguchi, Marcelo C Perraillon
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2019)

Antineoplastic agents approved in recent decades are a marked advancement in cancer treatment, but they come at considerable cost. These drugs may widen survival disparities between patients who receive these agents and those who do not. We examine factors associated with the use of high-cost antineoplastic agents for the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.
Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Adolescent and Young Adult Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Tatsuya Konishi, Yuka Harada, Daichi Sadato, Yuki Otsuka, Ryosuke Konuma, Hiroto Adachi, Atsushi Wada, Yuya Kishida, Akihito Nagata, Yuta Yamada, Atsushi Marumo, Yuma Noguchi, Junichi Mukae, Kyoko Inamoto, Takashi Toya, Aiko Igarashi, Yuho Najima, Takeshi Kobayashi, Kazuhiko Kakihana, Kyoko Haraguchi, Yoshiki Okuyama, Hironori Harada, Kazuteru Ohashi, Noriko Doki
Journal: Blood (2019)
Sequencing of Circulating Cell-Free DNA in Patients with AML Detects Clinically Significant Mutations Not Detected in Bone Marrow: The Role for Complementary Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow Genomic Analysis
Authors: Nicholas J. Short, Keyur Patel, Maher Albitar, Miguel Franquiz, Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna, Feng Wang, Rita Assi, Guillermo Montalban-Bravo, Jairo Matthews, Wanlong Ma, Ghayas C. Issa, Steven M. Kornblau, Elias Jabbour, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Zeev E. Estrov, Farhad Ravandi
Journal: Blood (2019)
Chemogenetic activation of adrenocortical Gq signaling causes hyperaldosteronism and disrupts functional zonation
Authors: Matthew J. Taylor, Matthew R. Ullenbruch, Emily C. Frucci, Juilee Rege, Mark S. Ansorge, Celso E. Gomez-Sanchez, Salma Begum, Edward Laufer, David T. Breault, William E. Rainey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2019)

The mineralocorticoid aldosterone is produced in the adrenal zona glomerulosa (ZG) under the control of the renin–angiotensin II (AngII) system. Primary aldosteronism (PA) results from renin-independent production of aldosterone and is a common cause of hypertension. PA is caused by dysregulated localization of the enzyme aldosterone synthase (Cyp11b2), which is normally restricted to the ZG. Cyp11b2 transcription and aldosterone production are predominantly regulated by AngII activation of the Gq signaling pathway. Here, we report the generation of transgenic mice with Gq-coupled designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) specifically in the adrenal cortex. We show that adrenal-wide ligand activation of Gq DREADD receptors triggered disorganization of adrenal functional zonation, with induction of Cyp11b2 in glucocorticoid-producing zona fasciculata cells. This result was consistent with increased renin-independent aldosterone production and hypertension. All parameters were reversible following termination of DREADD-mediated Gq signaling. These findings demonstrate that Gq signaling is sufficient for adrenocortical aldosterone production and implicate this pathway in the determination of zone-specific steroid production within the adrenal cortex. This transgenic mouse also provides an inducible and reversible model of hyperaldosteronism to investigate PA therapeutics and the mechanisms leading to the damaging effects of aldosterone on the cardiovascular system.
Application of the GRACE, TIMI, and TARRACO Risk Scores in Type 2 Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Sean P. Murphy, Cian P. McCarthy, Joshua A. Cohen, Saad Rehman, Maeve Jones-O’Connor, David S. Olshan, Avinainder Singh, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Jinghan Cui, James L. Januzzi, Jason H. Wasfy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Neutralizing and Non-Neutralizing Anti-FVIII Antibodies in Black and White Hemophilia A Subjects: A Natural History Profile
Authors: Kathleen P. Pratt, Devi Gunasekera, Pooja Vir, Robert Peters, Siyuan Tan, Glenn Pierce, Cara Olsen, Saulius Butenas, Kenneth G. Mann
Journal: Blood (2019)
LC-Facseq: A Novel Method for Detecting Rare Resistant Clones in Leukemia
Authors: Eileen Hu, Hatice Gulcin Ozer, Arletta Lozanski, Tzyy-Jye Doong, Chi-Ling Chiang, Seema A. Bhat, Kerry A. Rogers, Jennifer Woyach, James S. Blachly, Gerard Lozanski, Natarajan Muthusamy, John C. Byrd
Journal: Blood (2019)
Long-Term Mental Health Outcomes in Mothers and Siblings of Children With Cancer: A Population-Based, Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Jacqui van Warmerdam, Rinku Sutradhar, Paul Kurdyak, Cindy Lau, Jason D. Pole, Paul C. Nathan, Sumit Gupta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

PURPOSE Although a diagnosis of childhood cancer can have a profound effect on the entire family unit, its impact on the long-term mental health of family members is not well characterized. METHODS A provincial childhood cancer registry in Ontario, Canada, was linked to birth records to identify separate population-based cohorts of mothers and siblings of children diagnosed with cancer between 1998 and 2014. The mother and sibling cohorts were matched to corresponding population controls and linked to health services data. The rate of mental health–related outpatient visits (family physician, psychiatrist) and the incidence of severe psychiatric events (psychiatric emergency department visit, psychiatric hospitalization, suicide) were compared between mothers and siblings and their controls. Possible predictors of mental health outcomes were examined, including demographics, characteristics of the cancer-affected child, and cancer treatment. RESULTS We identified 4,773 mothers and 7,897 siblings of children diagnosed with cancer during the study period. Compared with controls, both groups experienced elevated rates of outpatient visits (mothers: rate ratio [RR], 1.4; P &lt; .0001; siblings: RR, 1.1; P &lt; .0001). The risk of severe psychiatric events was not increased in either cohort. Mother and sibling demographic factors associated with increased risk of adverse mental health included younger maternal age at cancer diagnosis, low socioeconomic status, and rural residence among mothers and older sibling age among siblings. Treatment-related variables pertaining to the cancer-affected child were not associated with mental health outcomes. Mental health outcomes clustered within families. CONCLUSION Both mothers and siblings experience elevated and prolonged need for mental health–related health care as compared with the general population. Demographic risk factors predict subpopulations at highest risk. Increased psychosocial support for family members during and after cancer therapy is warranted.