tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ambient air pollution and pulmonary vascular volume on computed tomography: the MESA Air Pollution and Lung cohort studies
Authors: Carrie P. Aaron, Eric A. Hoffman, Steven M. Kawut, John H.M. Austin, Matthew Budoff, Erin D. Michos, Karen Hinckley Stukovsky, Coralynn Sack, Adam A. Szpiro, Karol D. Watson, Joel D. Kaufman, R. Graham Barr
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2019)

Background Air pollution alters small pulmonary vessels in animal models. We hypothesised that long-term ambient air pollution exposure would be associated with differences in pulmonary vascular volumes in a population-based study. Methods The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis recruited adults in six US cities. Personalised long-term exposures to ambient black carbon, nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), oxides of nitrogen (NO x ), particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of &lt;2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ) and ozone were estimated using spatiotemporal models. In 2010–2012, total pulmonary vascular volume was measured as the volume of detectable pulmonary arteries and veins, including vessel walls and luminal blood volume, on noncontrast chest computed tomography (TPVV CT ). Peripheral TPVV CT was limited to the peripheral 2 cm to isolate smaller vessels. Linear regression adjusted for demographics, anthropometrics, smoking, second-hand smoke, renal function and scanner manufacturer. Results The mean± sd age of the 3023 participants was 69.3±9.3 years; 46% were never-smokers. Mean exposures were 0.80 μg·m −3 black carbon, 14.6 ppb NO 2 and 11.0 μg·m −3 ambient PM 2.5 . Mean± sd peripheral TPVV CT was 79.2±18.2 cm 3 and TPVV CT was 129.3±35.1 cm 3 . Greater black carbon exposure was associated with a larger peripheral TPVV CT , including after adjustment for city (mean difference 0.41 (95% CI 0.03–0.79) cm 3 per interquartile range; p=0.036). Associations for peripheral TPVV CT with NO 2 were similar but nonsignificant after city adjustment, while those for PM 2.5 were of similar magnitude but nonsignificant after full adjustment. There were no associations for NO x or ozone, or between any pollutant and TPVV CT . Conclusions Long-term black carbon exposure was associated with a larger peripheral TPVV CT , suggesting diesel exhaust may contribute to remodelling of small pulmonary vessels in the general population.
Abstract 15134: Comparison of Events Across Definitions of Major Bleeding in the Engage AF-TIMI 48 Trial
Authors: Brian A Bergmark, Alexander Stehouwer, Stephen D Wiviott, Christian T Ruff, Elliott M Antman, Francesco Nordio, Julia F Kuder, Pieter W Kamphuisen, Michele F Mercuri, Hanz Lanz, Eugene Braunwald, Robert P Giugliano
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Numerous definitions exist for clinical classification of major bleeding events. There are limited data comparing the most commonly used bleeding definitions within a single at-risk pat...
Abstract 12828: Mediterranean Diet and Reduced Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Potential Mediating Mechanisms
Authors: Shafqat Ahmad, Vinayaga M Moorthy, Olga Demler, Frank B Hu, Paul M Ridker, Daniel I Chasman, Samia Mora
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Higher Mediterranean diet (MED) intake has been associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) but limited data is available about the underlying molecular mechanisms of t...
Profiles of tuberculosis disease activation among contacts of patients with tuberculosis
Authors: Yayehirad A. Melsew, Allen C. Cheng, Emma S. McBryde, Justin T. Denholm, EeLaine Tay, Romain Ragonnet, James M. Trauer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2019)

<b>The risk of TB reactivation among infected children increases as they reach the age of adolescence. BCG vaccination history seems to increase the risk of TB disease reactivation among adults exposed to <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>.</b>http://bit.ly/2YReXej
Abstract 15418: Prevalence and Outcomes of Underdosing of Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants by Age and Sex in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Xiaoxi Yao, Bernard J Gersh, Lindsey R Sangaralingham, Nilay D Shah, Peter A Noseworthy
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Women with atrial fibrillation (AF) may be more likely to receive dose reduction of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) than men, because of the concern of bleeding. ...
Effectiveness of a Best Practice Alert to Reduce Telemetry Orders—Reply
Authors: Nader Najafi, Russ Cucina, Raman Khanna
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Cross-sectional and Prospective Associations of Actigraphy-Assessed Sleep Regularity With Metabolic Abnormalities: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Tianyi Huang, Susan Redline
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

To cross-sectionally and prospectively investigate the association between irregular sleep patterns, a potential marker for circadian disruption, and metabolic abnormalities.In the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, participants completed 7-day actigraphy at exam 5 (2010-2013) and were prospectively followed throughout exam 6 (2016 to 2017). Sleep regularity was quantified by the 7-day SD of actigraphy-assessed sleep duration and sleep onset timing. Metabolic abnormalities were defined by 1) the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria and 2) a data-driven clustering of metabolic factors.In the exam 5 cross-sectional analysis adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors (n = 2,003), every 1-h increase in the sleep duration SD was associated with 27% (95% CI 1.10, 1.47) higher odds of metabolic syndrome, and every 1-h increase in the sleep timing SD was associated with 23% (95% CI 1.06, 1.42) higher odds. The associations remained significant with additional adjustment for sleep-related factors including sleep duration. In the prospective analysis (n = 970), the corresponding fully adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.27 (95% CI 0.97, 1.65) for sleep duration and 1.36 (1.03, 1.80) for sleep timing. Compared with the cluster of few metabolic changes, every 1-h increase in sleep variability was associated with almost doubled odds for the cluster characterized by incidence of multiple metabolic abnormalities (OR 1.97 [95% CI 1.18, 3.30] for sleep duration and OR 2.10 [95% CI 1.25, 3.53] for sleep timing).Increased variability in sleep duration and timing was associated with higher prevalence and incidence of metabolic abnormalities even after consideration of sleep duration and other lifestyle factors.
Liver Transplantation for Acute Liver Failure Due to Dengue Fever
Authors: Antonio Galante, Oyedele Adeyi, Lawrence Lau, Atul Humar, Zita Galvin, Nazia Selzner, Leslie Lilly, Gonzalo Sapisochin, Mamatha Bhat
Journal: Hepatology (2019)

Galante, Antonio; Adeyi, Oyedele; Lau, Lawrence; Humar, Atul; Galvin, Zita; Selzner, Nazia; Lilly, Leslie; Sapisochin, Gonzalo; Bhat, Mamatha Author Information
Inclusivity of Diverse Patient Groups
Authors: Vineet Pasam Reddy
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Forty-two-year-old woman with incidental bilateral nodular opacities on chest X-ray
Authors: Kate Margaret Anglin Magner, Lutz Beckert
Journal: Thorax (2019)

A 42-year-old Filipino woman was referred to a respiratory clinic after incidental bilateral nodular opacities were discovered on a routine immigration chest X-ray (figure 1). She reported a 5-month history of intermittent dry cough, but no haemoptysis, chest pain, breathlessness or weight loss. She was systemically well. She has a medical history significant for ameloblastoma, a benign tumour of the jaw, which was excised in 2004, and previous ovarian chocolate cyst in 2002 that was complicated by the need for ureteric stenting. She is a lifelong non-smoker. She immigrated to New Zealand on a work visa in 2016, and works full time in a supermarket.



Figure 1 
Chest radiograph



Clinical examination revealed a body mass index of 28. …
The chemotherapeutic agent N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) decreases insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) levels on colorectal cancer cell lines
Authors: Raymond G. Kelly, Kenneth Nally, Gerald C. O’Sullivan, Fergus Shanahan, Joseph O’Connell
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

5339  The purpose of this study was to investigate potential molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer effects of the thiol-containing antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). The insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are overexpressed in colon tumors and contribute to autocrine growth, resistance to apoptosis and angiogenesis. NAC has been shown to have anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic properties both in vitro and in vivo. It also augments the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in a mouse model of colorectal cancer. However the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are poorly defined. We investigated if NAC had any effect on expression levels of IGF-IR and EGFR on a panel of colorectal cancer cell lines (HT29, SW480, KM12SM and LoVo). Methods: We analyzed the effect of NAC on expression of IGF-IR and EGFR at a range of concentrations and a range of timepoints by a combination of western blotting and flow cytometry. The effects of a range of other antioxidants were also tested. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and reporter assays were performed to determine if NAC had any effect on the transcription of the growth factor receptors. The effect of NAC on cellular proliferation was also assessed. Results: Treatment with NAC produced a dose-dependent decrease in IGF-IR and EGFR levels in the four cell lines. The decrease in receptor levels was detectable at 10mM NAC with almost total ablation of receptor expression at concentrations > 20mM. The downregulation began immediately and was maximal between 8 and 24 hours. Following NAC removal receptor levels began to recover immediately, with normal levels returning within 48 hours. Reduced glutathione (GSH) − which is formed from NAC − also downregulated levels of IGF-IR and EGFR in a dose- and time-dependent manner. However, GSH synthesis is not necessary for NAC’s effect. Of the other antioxidants tested, only those containing a free –SH group were capable of downregulating the growth factor receptors. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and reporter assays indicate that NAC’s effect on EGFR and IGF-IR expression is mediated at the transcriptional level. NAC inhibited growth factor-induced proliferation of the colorectal cancer cells. Conclusion: Treatment of colorectal cancer cell lines with NAC results in a dose- and time-dependent decrease of IGF-IR and EGFR. This effect occurs at the level of transcription. Other –SH containing antioxidants have a similar effect. NAC-mediated growth factor receptor downregulation inhibits the proliferation of colorectal cancer cell lines. These data demonstrate a potential molecular mechanism underlying NAC’s anti-cancer properties.
Intracranial Pressure and Intracranial Elastance Monitoring in Neurocritical Care
Authors: Thomas Heldt, Tommaso Zoerle, Daniel Teichmann, Nino Stocchetti
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2019)

Patients with acute brain injuries tend to be physiologically unstable and at risk of rapid and potentially life-threatening decompensation due to shifts in intracranial compartment volumes and consequent intracranial hypertension. Invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring therefore remains a cornerstone of modern neurocritical care, despite the attendant risks of infection and damage to brain tissue arising from the surgical placement of a catheter or pressure transducer into the cerebrospinal fluid or brain tissue compartments. In addition to ICP monitoring, tracking of the intracranial capacity to buffer shifts in compartment volumes would help in the assessment of patient state, inform clinical decision making, and guide therapeutic interventions. We review the anatomy, physiology, and current technology relevant to clinical management of patients with acute brain injury and outline unmet clinical needs to advance patient monitoring in neurocritical care.
Genomic profiling of kinase genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas to identify potentially targetable genetic aberrations in FGFR1/2, DDR2, EPHA2, and PIK3CA.
Authors: Michaela K. Keck, Zhixiang Zuo, Arun Khattri, Christopher D. Brown, Thomas Stricker, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, Mark W. Lingen, Ezra E.W. Cohen, Kevin P. White, Everett E. Vokes, Peter S. Hammerman, Tanguy Y. Seiwert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

6010 Background: Development of targeted therapies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been limited due to the lack of validated, oncogenic genetic aberrations. We determined mutations and copy number (CN) events in kinases in a 120 patient cohort in order to identify new potential treatment targets. Methods: Fresh frozen tumor (≥70%) and matched normal tissue from 120 patients with treatment-naïve, locoregionally advanced HNSCC were evaluated using targeted, massively parallel sequencing (Illumina HiSeq) for 60 cancer-relevant, targetable kinases (as well as PI3K related tumor suppressors). CN analysis was performed on the NanoString nCounter for 40 cancer relevant kinases. Mutations were modeled bioinformatically using the CHASM oncogenic driver prediction algorithm and reviewed for prior occurrence in COSMIC. Results: We identified somatic mutations in three potentially targetable receptor tyrosine kinases: 7 (5.8%) mutations were identified in DDR2, 3 (2.5%) mutations in FGFR2, and 4 (3.3%) mutations in EPHA2. Furthermore we identified multiple mutations in several PI3K family members including PIK3CA (N=22 (18,3%)) as well as PI3K related tumor suppressors (PTEN N=3 (2.5%)), INPP4B N=7 (5.8%)). Several mutations showed low CHASM scores consistent with oncogenic driver characteristics. We identified recurrent copy number aberrations in two kinases – FGFR1 (N=15 (13%), median CN:3.27 (3.03-15.662)), and EGFR (N=13 (11%), median CN: 3.73 (2.93-17.75)). Interestingly similar mutations/copy number events have been described in other cancer types including endometrial, and lung squamous cell carcinomas. Conclusions: We identified multiple novel mutations and copy number events in 45% of tumors: genetic aberration in FGFR1, FGFR2, DDR2, EPHA2, and the PI3K pathway are candidate oncogenic drivers that are potentially targetable. Results are corroborated by similar aberrations in other cancer types e.g. lung squamous cell carcinomas that are already being explored as therapeutic targets. Further validation and initiation of focused clinical trials in mutation pre-selected patients is indicated.
Aortic Stenosis and Small Aortic Annulus
Authors: Afonso B. Freitas-Ferraz, Gabriela Tirado-Conte, Francois Dagenais, Marc Ruel, Talal Al-Atassi, Eric Dumont, Siamak Mohammadi, Mathieu Bernier, Philippe Pibarot, Josep Rodés-Cabau
Journal: Circulation (2019)

The presence of a small aortic annulus poses a considerable challenge in the management of patients with severe aortic stenosis, especially in elderly women, where it is a very frequent finding. The optimal approach for treating these patients remains controversial, and several surgical strategies such as aortic root enlargement, supra-annular stented prosthetic valves, stentless bioprosthesis, and sutureless bioprostheses have been proposed to improve valve hemodynamics and clinical outcomes. More recently, transcatheter aortic valve replacement has emerged as a valid alternative for the treatment of aortic stenosis and excellent valve hemodynamic results have been observed among patients with a small aortic annulus. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current definition, prevalence, and clinical impact of small aortic annulus in patients with aortic stenosis, and evaluate the different therapeutic strategies currently available to improve valve hemodynamics and outcomes in this population.
Is Interferon Therapy for Hepatitis C Infection a Treatable Risk Factor for Parkinson Disease?
Authors: Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora, Christopher W. Hess, David R. Nelson
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Author Correction: Molecular subtypes of small cell lung cancer: a synthesis of human and mouse model data
Authors: Charles M. Rudin, John T. Poirier, Lauren Averett Byers, Caroline Dive, Afshin Dowlati, Julie George, John V. Heymach, Jane E. Johnson, Jonathan M. Lehman, David MacPherson, Pierre P. Massion, John D. Minna, Trudy G. Oliver, Vito Quaranta, Julien Sage, Roman K. Thomas, Christopher R. Vakoc, Adi F. Gazdar
Journal: Nature reviews. Cancer (2019)
The 1000 Genomes Project: Prediction of Known and Novel Blood Group Continental Distribution By Next Generation Sequencing
Authors: Celina Montemayor Garcia, Panagiota Karagianni, Erika M Reese, Danielle A Smellie, Debrean A. Loy, Kimberly A Levy, Magdalene Nwokocha, Marina Bueno, Jeffery L Miller, Harvey G. Klein
Journal: Blood (2016)
Early colonization by <i>S. aureus</i> and protection from atopic eczema
Authors: F.L. Nowrouzian, A. Ljung, S. Nilsson, B. Hesselmar, I. Adlerberth, A.E. Wold
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

Atopic eczema causes itchy skin and sleepless nights. It is also connected to increased risk of developing asthma and hay fever. Like these allergic diseases, atopic eczema is common in Western societies, but uncommon where poverty and poorer sanitary conditions prevail. Therefore, lack of immune stimulation (meaning exposure to certain bugs or ‘microbes’ that help the immune system develop) during infancy might underlie these diseases. Staphylococcus aureus it is a bacterium which lives on our skin and also commonly colonizes (lives and multiplies in) the gut of infants, where it can reach quite high numbers. It can produce toxins known as “superantigens”, which are commonly known as causing ‘food poisoning’. However, this study suggests that it may actually be good for babies to be colonized by S. aureus in the gut. Certain S. aureus strains appear to reduce the risk of the baby developing eczema. The researchers followed a group of infants from birth onwards. They cultured (took samples and grew in the lab) S. aureus from the babies’ stools up to two months of age and characterized the strains regarding whether they carry genes for superantigens and certain proteins called adhesins. The scientists suggested that, whereas the rate of gut colonisation by S. aureus does not differ between infants who develop atopic eczema or those who do not, infants without eczema more often carry S. aureus strains in their gut that produced the egc type of superantigens and elastin‐binding adhesin. The authors speculate that in today's clean environment, colonization by S. aureus may help to kick‐start the babies’ immune system, which previously occurred naturally in a less hygienic environment. Perhaps, an eczema‐preventing drug might be developed in the future using immune activating components of S. aureus.
Abstract 18987: Effects of Transient Renal Nerves Stimulation on Ventricular Arrhythmogenesis
Authors: Bing Huang, Xiaoya Zhou, Menglong Wang, Xuefei Li, Liping Zhou, Guannan Meng, Yuhong Wang, Zhuo Wang, Songyun Wang, Lilei Yu, Hong Jiang
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Blood pressure elevation in response to transient renal nerve stimulation (RNS) has been used to determine the ablation target and endpoint of renal denervation. Hypothesis: This stud...
Trump halts government fetal tissue research
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Scientists working for the US government at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) may no longer conduct research using fetal tissue from elective abortions, according to a new Trump administration policy.

When their current stocks run out, they will not be replenished. About 200 NIH sponsored fetal tissue research projects at universities will continue to get federal funding until their current grants expire, but must then face an ethics panel convened by health secretary Alex Azar.

“Promoting the dignity of human life from conception to natural death is one of the very top priorities of President Trump’s …