tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A randomized controlled trial of the effect of spironolactone on left ventricular mass in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Fabian Hammer, Uwe Malzahn, Julian Donhauser, Christoph Betz, Markus P. Schneider, Clemens Grupp, Nils Pollak, Stefan Störk, Christoph Wanner, Vera Krane, Susanne Berweck, Patrick Biggar, Christoph Blaser, Thomas Bochannek, Frank Breunig, Michael Brunner, Beatrix Büschges-Seraphin, Stefan Büttner, Ahmet Cakmak, Thomas Döltz, Mara Dörken, Kai-Uwe Eckardt, Heribert Fink, Stefan Fischer, Wolfgang Freisinger, Tilo Freiwald, Julian Gebhardt, Helmut Geiger, Rüdiger Götz, Jan Goßmann, Renate Hammerstingl, Joanna Harazny, Michael Heckel, Andrea Heyd-Schramm, Joachim Hoyer, Rolf Janka, Oliver Jung, Markus Ketteler, Christina Klaeffling, Claudius Kleinert, Marianne Kleinert, Arnfried Klingbeil, Thorsten Klink, Benjamin-Florian Koch, Judith Kosowski, Michael Leidig, Jens Lutz, Mohamed Marwan, Maria Moritz, Brigitte Moye, Holger Naujoks, Kai-Olaf Netzer, Ulrike Raff, Clemens Reichert, Imke Reimer, Jurij Ribel, Sophie Richter, Christian Ritter, Sarah Rudolf, Beate Schamberger, Michael Schmid, Thomas Schmiedeke, Andreas Schmitt, Heike Schneider, Reinhard Schneider, Cord Schneuzer, Markus Schöffauer, Lothar Schramm, Sabine Schütterle, Susanne Schwedler, Ewelina Sobkowiak, Daniel Sollinger, Frank Strutz, Sebastian Toncar, Vladimir Vasiljuk, Thomas Vogl, Thorsten Walther, Julia Weinmann-Menke, Bettina Wirth, Hendrick Witsch, Paul Würmell, Raoul Zeltner, Josef Zimmermann
Journal: Kidney International (2019)
Increased galactose expression and enhanced clearance in patients with low von Willebrand factor
Authors: Sonia Aguila, Michelle Lavin, Niall Dalton, Sean Patmore, Alain Chion, George D. Trahan, Kenneth L. Jones, Catriona Keenan, Teresa M. Brophy, Niamh M. O’Connell, Kevin Ryan, Mary Byrne, Margaret Nolan, Anjali Patel, Roger J. S. Preston, Paula James, Jorge Di Paola, Jamie M. O’Sullivan, James S. O’Donnell
Journal: Blood (2019)
Abstract 17186: Regional Extracellular Volume Fraction Can Identify Cardiac Muscle Changes in Patients With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Laura Olivieri, Peter Kellman, Russell Cross, Kanishka Ratnayaka, Andrew E Arai, Michael S Hansen, Chris Spurney
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked inherited disorder causing dilated cardiomyopathy with variable onset and progression. Our aim was to compare native T1 mapping and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) in boys with DMD to controls to identify markers of preclinical myocardial disease. Methods: With IRB approval and informed consent/assent, 17 boys with DMD had cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast. Ejection fraction (EF), presence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), native T1, and ECV mapping were obtained using a modified Look-Locker sequence on a 1.5T MR scanner (Figure 1). Results were compared with age and gender matched controls with no history predisposing to cardiac fibrosis (i.e. bypass, myocarditis, etc). Results: Seventeen DMD subjects (age 14 ± 5 years; EF 56% ± 8%) were compared with 13 normal controls (age 17 ± 4 years) with normal EF and no LGE. DMD subjects had low-normal EF (average EF 56% ± 8%) and 10 of 17 (59%) had evidence of LGE, all in the lateral location. Comparing native T1 in DMD vs controls, septal native T1 was 1060 ± 71 ms versus 990 ± 34 ms (p &lt; 0.01) and lateral native T1 was 1090 ± 93 versus 978 ± 37 ms, respectively (p &lt; 0.01). Comparing ECV values in DMD vs controls, septal ECV was 29.6 ± 7.8 and 25.9 ± 3.4 (p = 0.03) and lateral ECV was 32.7 ± 8.7 and 24.4 ±3.6 (p &lt; 0.01), respectively. All DMD patients with abnormal EF and/or presence of LGE also had higher ECV values. Conclusions: ECV is strongly-related to DMD and differs significantly compared to normals, particularly in the lateral wall. ECV mapping may be a useful technique for identifying preclinical myocardial changes in DMD. Figure 1. A) Precontrast T1 map, B) post contrast T1 map and C) ECV map with scale on the right in the short axis projection of a boy with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Arrows indicate elevated values laterally.
Predicting the pathologic complete regression with hematologic markers during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in the locally advanced rectal cancer.
Authors: Jae-Sung Kim, Joo Ho Lee, Changhoon Song
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

583 Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the hematologic markers for predicting the pathologic complete regression during and after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods: Total 297 patients with rectal cancer underwent neoadjuvant CRT followed by surgical resection and performed complete blood counts (CBC) serially during and after CRT. The timepoints of CBC were before CRT (pre-), three weeks after the day of starting CRT (intra-), and four weeks after CRT (post-). We calculated the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (dNLR) using the serial CBC test. The ratio of change in PLR (cPLR), NLR (cNLR), and dNLR (cdNLR) was calculated as the change of value/pre-value. Chi-square and T-test for univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify the significant predictor for pCR. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to compare the predictive values. Results: The overall rate of pCR was 15.9%. The Pre-Hb, pre-NLR, intra-PLR, intra-NLR, intra-cPLR, intra-cNLR, post-WBC, post-Hb, and post-cPLR were significantly different between patients with pCR and no pCR. In the multivariate logstic regression, pre-Hb (OR 1.456 p-value .026), intra-cPLR (OR 4.949, p-value &lt; .001), post-WBC (OR 0.664, p-value .008), and post-PLR (OR 1.011 p-value .001) were significant predictors for pCR. In the comparison of ROCs, intra-cPLR was the most accurate predictor for pCR among the hematologic variables (AUC = 0.74, p ≤ .001). Conclusions: Change of PLR during neoadjuvant CRT is the clinically applicable and significant predictor for pCR with high negative predictive value in the patients with LRC.
Ambiguities in Comfort Care Discussions
Authors: Anam Umar, Eric Y. Chang, Ifedolapo Odebunmi
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
A large perforation in the piriform sinus during Zenker diverticulotomy effectively closed with “clips-and-rubber band” technique
Authors: Leonardo Frazzoni, Jérôme Rivory, Laura Calavas, Jérémie Jacques, Florian Rostain, Thierry Ponchon, Mathieu Pioche
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Endoscopic treatment of Zenker’s diverticulum by diverticulotomy consists of cutting the septum between the esophageal lumen and the diverticulum, thus restoring bolus transit. This technique is being increasingly preferred to surgical treatment as it is safe and minimizes the in-hospital stay, especially in patients with important co-morbidities [1] [2]. Nevertheless, endoscopic diverticulotomy carries a risk of perforation and delayed bleeding [1].
Analysis of Leukocyte Behaviors on Microfluidic Chips
Authors: Yan Liu, Qingzhen Yang, Lei Cao, Feng Xu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2019)

Abstract The orchestration of massive leukocytes in the immune system protects humans from invading pathogens and abnormal cells in the body. So far, researches focusing on leukocyte behaviors are performed based on both in vivo and in vitro models. The in vivo animal models are usually less controllable due to their extreme complexity and nonignorable species issue. Therefore, many researchers turn to in vitro models. With the advances in micro/nanofabrication, the microfluidic chip has emerged as a novel platform for model construction in multiple biomedical research fields. Specifically, the microfluidic chip is used to study leukocyte behaviors, due to its incomparable advantages in high throughput, precise control, and flexible integration. Moreover, the small size of the microstructures on the microfluidic chip can better mimic the native microenvironment of leukocytes, which contributes to a more reliable recapitulation. Herein are reviewed the recent advances in microfluidic chip–based leukocyte behavior analysis to provide an overview of this field. Detailed discussions are specifically focused on host defense against pathogens, immunodiagnosis, and immunotherapy studies on microfluidic chips. Finally, the current technical challenges are discussed, as well as possible innovations in this field to improve the related applications.
Spending on research into neglected disease reached record high in 2017
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2019)

The UK has increased its spending on research and development (R&D) into neglected diseases more than any other country, according to a new report.1

The 11th annual G-Finder report says that global funding for basic research and product development for neglected diseases is now at its highest ever level. Latest figures for 2017 show overall funding at $3.6bn—up 7% on 2016. It is the first time in eight years that funding has exceeded the previous high in 2009.

The report, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, covers diseases which disproportionately affect developing countries; …
VTE among pancreatic cancer and its possible risk factors among metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPC): Experience at Fox Chase Cancer Center.
Authors: Ramesh Kumar Pandey, Kristen Sorice, Jiangtao Gou, Shannon M. Lynch, Aryeh Blumenreich, Khadija Cheema, Lavanya Nagappan, Efrat Dotan, Namrata Vijayvergia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

232 Background: The incidence of VTE is relatively high among mPC pts, upto 57%. It is associated with higher health care burden and mortality. We evaluated the mPC pts treated at a single academic center from 2010-16 for prevalence of VTE, its impact on survival and possible risk factors. Methods: Medical charts of mPC pts treated at a single academic center were analyzed retrospectively for VTE diagnosis, overall survival and potential risk factors for VTE development. The factors considered were: age, sex, stage, body mass index, smoking status, surgery, performance status (PS), Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and treatment. Logistic regression was used to identify the factors correlating with VTE and Cox Proportional Hazard model was used to evaluate overall survival (OS) differences between those with VTE (Gp A) and those without VTE (Gp B). Results: Out of the 439 mPC pts (52% males, 86% with PS0-1, 63% with stage IV at diagnosis), 127 (29%) were in Gp A and 312 (71%) in Gp B. The groups were well balanced with respect to all factors except age (median age 67 Gp A; 65 in Gp B, p = 0.04). 2.3 % of pts in Gp A and 4.8 % pts in Gp B were on anticoagulation for reason other than VTE treatment. Within Gp A, 55% developed VTE after diagnosis of metastasis. A clear separation of the survival curves noted beyond the median OS (9 m, P = 0.02), favoring GpB. Statistically significant factors associated with risk of VTE included advanced stage at diagnosis (P = 0.004) and worse PS (P = 0.005). Treatment regimen used and CCI didn’t correlate with the risk of development of VTE. Conclusions: The incidence rate of VTE in our patients is lower than published literature, yet the diagnosis of VTE was associated with worse OS. Most cases occurred after the diagnosis of metastatic disease. The higher use of anticoagulants for other medical causes may be contributing to a lower incidence of VTE in mPC. These findings need prospective Validation.
Gout is associated with increased healthcare utilization after knee arthroplasty
Authors: Jasvinder A Singh, John David Cleveland
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an effective surgery for patients with advanced knee arthritis refractory to medical treatment. Gout, the most common inflammatory arthritis in adults, was associated with a 40% increased TKA risk in women in a recent population-based study.1 This was attributable possibly to accelerated cartilage wear associated with soluble urate or urate crystals. It is not known if post-TKA healthcare utilisation and complications are higher in people with gout. We assessed whether gout was associated with a higher risk of post-TKA healthcare utilisation and in-hospital complications.

We used the 1998–2014 US National Inpatient Sample data, a 20% stratified sample of discharges from US community hospitals.2 We used validated International Classification of Disease, ninth revision, common modification (ICD-9-CM) code to identify the primary TKA cohort (81.54)3, with TKA as the primary procedure and among these people with and without gout (274).4 Study outcomes post-primary TKA were (1) healthcare utilisation, length of hospital stay (>3 days) and the discharge disposition, that is, to home versus rehabilitation/in-patient facility; and (2) in-hospital postoperative complications identified by respective ICD-9-CM codes for transfusion, revision or infection, …
Gradual Aeration at Birth Is More Lung Protective Than a Sustained Inflation in Preterm Lambs
Authors: David G. Tingay, Prue M. Pereira-Fantini, Regina Oakley, Karen E. McCall, Elizabeth J. Perkins, Martijn Miedema, Magdy Sourial, Jessica Thomson, Andreas Waldmann, Raffaele L. Dellaca, Peter G. Davis, Peter A. Dargaville
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2019)

Rationale: The preterm lung is susceptible to injury during transition to air breathing at birth. It remains unclear whether rapid or gradual lung aeration at birth causes less lung injury.Objectives: To examine the effect of gradual and rapid aeration at birth on: 1) the spatiotemporal volume conditions of the lung; and 2) resultant regional lung injury.Methods: Preterm lambs (125 ± 1 d gestation) were randomized at birth to receive: 1) tidal ventilation without an intentional recruitment (no-recruitment maneuver [No-RM]; n = 19); 2) sustained inflation (SI) until full aeration (n = 26); or 3) tidal ventilation with an initial escalating/de-escalating (dynamic) positive end-expiratory pressure (DynPEEP; n = 26). Ventilation thereafter continued for 90 minutes at standardized settings, including PEEP of 8 cm H2O. Lung mechanics and regional aeration and ventilation (electrical impedance tomography) were measured throughout and correlated with histological and gene markers of early lung injury.Measurements and Main Results: DynPEEP significantly improved dynamic compliance (P < 0.0001). An SI, but not DynPEEP or No-RM, resulted in preferential nondependent lung aeration that became less uniform with time (P = 0.0006). The nondependent lung was preferential ventilated by 5 minutes in all groups, with ventilation only becoming uniform with time in the No-RM and DynPEEP groups. All strategies generated similar nondependent lung injury patterns. Only an SI caused greater upregulation of dependent lung gene markers compared with unventilated fetal controls (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Rapidly aerating the preterm lung at birth creates heterogeneous volume states, producing distinct regional injury patterns that affect subsequent tidal ventilation. Gradual aeration with tidal ventilation and PEEP produced the least lung injury.
Excess of individual variability of priors prevents successful development of general models
Authors: Talis Bachmann
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2018)

Abstract Perceptual judgments are influenced by a multitude of factors in addition to the perceptual input. Particularly, the widely varying individual neurobiological endophenotypes and individual differences in the propensity for expectation-based illusory percepts make it unlikely that optimality is possible to define and defend by the type of abstract modeling approach criticized by Rahnev &amp; Denison (R&amp;D).
Pegaspargase Allergic Reactions Are Related to Anti-Pegaspargase Antibodies and to Intensity of Intrathecal Therapy
Authors: Yiwei Liu, Colton A Smith, Wenjian Yang, Lauren Thompson, Anisha Dash, Jacob Counts, May Chung, Alejandro R Molinelli, Deqing Pei, Nancy M Kornegay, Erik A Springer, John C Panetta, Kristine R Crews, Hope Swanson, Cheng Cheng, Seth E Karol, William E. Evans, Hiroto Inaba, Ching-Hon Pui, Sima Jeha, Mary V Relling
Journal: Blood (2018)
Intracranial Metastases
Authors: Mary R. Welch, Thomas J. Kaley
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2012)

Brain metastases are among the most common and feared complications of cancer. Over the past decades, advances in our understanding of cancer biology along with refinements of existing treatment modalities have begun to challenge therapeutic nihilism. Surgical resection and radiation remain mainstays of treatment, but debate exists over their appropriate use and timing. In addition to outlining the epidemiology, presentation, and work-up of the patient with brain metastases, this chapter explores these controversies and outlines a rational approach to management.
18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT Detection of Recurrent Prostate Carcinoma in Patients With Serum PSA ≤ 1 ng/mL After Definitive Primary Treatment
Authors: Joseph R. England, Jeremy Paluch, Leslie K. Ballas, Hossein Jadvar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

The aims of this study were to report on our initial experience using F-fluciclovine PET/CT to detect recurrent prostate carcinoma in patients with low serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after definitive treatment of primary disease and to conduct a preliminary investigation for factors associated with positive scan findings.In this retrospective study, F-fluciclovine PET/CT scans from 28 men with suspected recurrence of prostate carcinoma and PSA values of 1 ng/mL or less were examined to identify the site(s) of disease recurrence. Differences in detection rate for Gleason scores of 7 and greater than 7, T2 and T3 disease, negative and positive surgical margins, and negative and positive seminal vesicle invasion were compared using the Fisher exact test. Mean PSA and mean PSA doubling time of patients with positive scans and negative scans were compared using the independent 2-group t test.At least one site of disease recurrence was identified in 13 (46.4%) of 28 patients. Disease detection rate was significantly higher in patients with history of Gleason score greater than 7 (Fisher exact test, P = 0.004). Mean PSA and PSA doubling time were not significantly different between patients with positive and negative F-fluciclovine PET/CT scans (P = 0.29 and 0.70, respectively).Detection of recurrent prostate cancer using F-fluciclovine PET/CT is possible in patients with low but rising PSA levels of 1 ng/mL or less. In such patients, local and nodal recurrences are more common than distant metastasis, and Gleason score greater than 7 is associated with positive scan results.
Evidence of Müller Glial Dysfunction in Patients with Aquaporin-4 Immunoglobulin G–Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Yuyi You, Ling Zhu, Ting Zhang, Ting Shen, Ariadna Fontes, Con Yiannikas, John Parratt, Joshua Barton, Angela Schulz, Vivek Gupta, Michael H. Barnett, Clare L. Fraser, Mark Gillies, Stuart L. Graham, Alexander Klistorner
Journal: Ophthalmology (2019)

To compare functional and structural changes in the retina in patients with aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG)-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and multiple sclerosis (MS).Cross-sectional study; biochemical study of human retinas.A total of 181 participants, including 22 consecutive patients (44 eyes) with NMOSD, 131 patients (262 eyes) with multiple sclerosis (MS), and 28 normal subjects (56 eyes). In addition, 8 eyeballs from healthy donors were used for biochemical analysis.Full-field electroretinography (ERG) and spectral-domain OCT were performed in all the subjects. Topography of AQP4 expression and Müller glial distribution were analyzed using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.Full-field ERG parameters, including amplitudes and peak times. Tissue volume of each of the retinal layers at the fovea by OCT segmentation. Levels of AQP4 expression at different retinal regions.The b-wave amplitude was significantly reduced in patients with AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD in scotopic ERGs (compared with AQP4-IgG- subjects, patients with MS, and normal controls) but not in photopic ERGs. Further analysis showed that this b-wave change was mainly caused by reduction of the slow PII component, suggesting specific Müller cell dysfunction. We also found thinning of specific retinal layers at the fovea in patients with AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD, in the Henle fiber outer nuclear layer (HFONL) and the inner segment (IS) layer, but not in the inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), or outer segment (OS) layer. Furthermore, there was a significant association between foveal HFONL-IS complex thinning and scotopic b-wave amplitude reduction (P = 0.005∼0.01, fixed-effects model). Western blotting demonstrated that Müller cell-specific AQP4 was expressed at a higher level at the fovea than the peripheral retina. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the specific foveal thinning reflected the topography of AQP4 expression and Müller glial distribution in the human macula.This study provides in vivo structural and functional evidence of Müller glial dysfunction in eyes of patients with AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD. Topography of retinal structural change is supported by distribution of Müller cells and patterns of AQP4 expression. The study suggests that visual electrophysiology and retinal imaging could be useful biomarkers to assess the potential retinal astrocytopathy in NMOSD.