tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Parallels Between Low-Risk Prostate Cancer and Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Allen S. Ho, Timothy J. Daskivich, Wendy L. Sacks, Zachary S. Zumsteg
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2018)

Across many countries, a rapid escalation of the incidence of thyroid cancer has been observed, a surge that nonetheless underestimates the true extent of the disease. Most thyroid cancers now diagnosed comprise small, low-risk cancers that are incidentally found and are unlikely to cause harm. In many ways, prostate cancer similarly harbors a well-behaved subclinical reservoir, a long natural history, and superlative outcomes that have made active surveillance the de facto guideline recommendation for low-risk disease. This review highlights the parallels and differences between prostate cancer and thyroid cancer regarding screening, diagnosis, risk stratification, and considerations for active surveillance.Prostate cancer and thyroid cancer have undergone recalibrated, de-escalatory shifts to counter changing epidemiologic landscapes. The US Preventive Services Task Force has issued cautionary recommendations on screening via prostate-specific antigen testing or neck ultrasonography, while the thresholds to performing biopsy have increased. Comparable changes to cancer terminology and staging have also helped alleviate patient anxiety and minimize pressure for overtreatment. Long-term, randomized prospective clinical trials for prostate cancer have established active surveillance as a first-line treatment approach for properly stratified low-risk patients, while observational trials for thyroid cancer have also made strides in defining risk and eligibility for surgery. Caveats requiring deeper investigation include aggressive disease in older patients, underestimation of the extent of the disease, and patient-physician bias in shared decision making. For prostate cancer, survival may not improve and function will likely worsen after intervention; for thyroid cancer, patients are younger, surgery is safer, and the bar for surveillance will likely be higher.Despite similarities in biological indolence between low-risk prostate and thyroid malignant neoplasms, key distinctions in life expectancy and treatment sequelae may ultimately confer somewhat disparate management paradigms for the 2 diseases. Nevertheless, the experience forged by prostate cancer trials serves as a model for thyroid cancer management, potentially reshaping the perception of active surveillance into a credible, valuable treatment modality.
Abstract P064: Inverse Associations Between Inorganic Arsenic and Obesity: Findings From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Catherine Bulka, Sithembile Mabila, Mary Turyk, Maria Argos
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Arsenic is ubiquitous in the environment as an element of the earth’s crust. Human exposure predominantly occurs through ingestion of contaminated drinking water and arsenic-rich foods such as seafood and rice. Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic has been associated with certain cancers, and more recently with cardiovascular disease and diabetes that are common among the obese. However, little is known about the specific relationship between inorganic arsenic exposure and obesity. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that inorganic arsenic exposure was correlated with obesity in the general population of the United States. Methods: We analyzed a representative sample of 4,105 adults from the U.S. population using data from the 2007-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Arsenobetaine and arsenocholine concentrations, which are forms of organic arsenic, were subtracted from total urinary arsenic concentrations to estimate the amount of inorganic arsenic in urine as a biomarker of exposure. These values were standardized by urinary creatinine to control for hydration status. Obesity was assessed using measured body mass index (BMI) in kg/m 2 and waist circumference in cm. Crude and adjusted survey-weighted linear regression models were performed. Results: Creatinine-adjusted urinary inorganic arsenic concentrations were inversely associated with log-transformed BMI (p for trend = 0.0003) and log-transformed waist circumference (p for trend = 0.0001). The highest quintile of inorganic arsenic concentration (&gt;10.4 to 483.3 μg/L) was associated with a 5% (95% CI: 3 to 8%) lower BMI and a 4% (95% CI: 2 to 6%) smaller waist circumference compared to the lowest quintile (0 to 2.3 μg/L). Adjustments for age, gender, race, thyroid problems, diabetes, smoking status, seafood consumption, rice consumption, red blood cell folate, serum folate, socioeconomic status, and survey cycle did not appreciably alter these results. There was no evidence of effect modification between urinary inorganic arsenic concentrations and covariates on obesity. Conclusions: While inorganic arsenic exposure has generally been positively associated with obesity-related diseases, we observed a negative association between urinary inorganic arsenic concentrations and obesity in this representative cross-sectional analysis. It is unclear if this is a true association in which inorganic arsenic exposure is protective against obesity, or if this finding reflects differential arsenic absorption, metabolism, or storage by adiposity level.
Phase 1b Dose Escalation Study of BI 836858 and Azacitidine in Previously Untreated AML: Results from Beat AML S2
Authors: William Blum, Amy S. Ruppert, Alice S. Mims, Eytan M. Stein, Vu H Duong, Olatoyosi Odenike, Prapti A. Patel, Tibor Kovacsovics, Nyla A. Heerema, Jo-Anne Vergilio, Leonard Rosenberg, Sonja Marcus, Mona Stefanos, Howard Weiner, Jake Brandt, Abigail Shoben, Brian J. Druker, Amy Burd, Ross L. Levine, John C. Byrd, Uma Borate
Journal: Blood (2018)
Cationic Poly(Amino Acid) Vaccine Adjuvant for Promoting Both Cell‐Mediated and Humoral Immunity Against Influenza Virus
Authors: Jong‐Woo Lim, Woonsung Na, Hyun‐Ouk Kim, Minjoo Yeom, Geunseon Park, Aram Kang, Haejin Chun, Chaewon Park, Seungseok Oh, Van Phan Le, Hyoung Hwa Jeong, Daesub Song, Seungjoo Haam
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2018)

Abstract Powerful adjuvants to augment vaccine efficacy with a less immunogenic vaccine system are in great demand. In this study, a novel squalene‐based cationic poly(amino acid) adjuvant (CASq) that elicits both cellular (Th1) and humoral (Th2) immune responses is developed. CASq is demonstrated to promote cellular uptake of viral antigen and stimulate macrophages, leading to active production of interleukin‐12. Furthermore, co‐administration of inactivated pdm H1N1 vaccine with CASq significantly increases the generation of antigen‐specific antibodies and T cell immune responses in mice, as well as resulting in complete prevention of disease symptoms and protection against lethal infection.
Prevalence of Comorbidities Relevant to the Choice of Second-Generation (2-G) Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) for the Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) in the United States Using Real-World Claims Databases
Authors: Elias J. Jabbour, Min You, Trong Kim Le, John Brokars, Alexander Brun, Dinara Makenbaeva
Journal: Blood (2018)
PRM-151 in Myelofibrosis: Efficacy and Safety in an Open Label Extension Study
Authors: Srdan Verstovsek, Robert P. Hasserjian, Olga Pozdnyakova, Ivo Veletic, Ruben A. Mesa, Lynda Foltz, John Mascarenhas, Ellen K. Ritchie, Jeanne Palmer, Richard T. Silver, Marina Kremyanskaya, Bernt van den Blink, Renu Gupta, Taghi Manshouri, C. Cameron Yin, Zeev E. Estrov, Jason R. Gotlib
Journal: Blood (2018)
Controversies About Lyme Disease
Authors: Carl Tuttle
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Immunosuppressive βig-h3 links tumour stroma and dysfunctional T cells in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Christian Alexander Bauer
Journal: Gut (2018)

Recent FDA approval of anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab as a site-agnostic therapy for mismatch repair (MMR)–deficient solid tumours has highlighted the importance of CD8+ T cell responses and the potential of immunotherapy, even in tumour entities that are traditionally considered poor candidates for immune-based therapies, such as pancreatic carcinoma.1 Clearly, the old dogma of immunologically cold pancreatic carcinoma has to be refined.

It has been known for long that higher levels of intratumoural CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) correlate with better survival of patients with pancreatic carcinoma.2 3 However, in most pancreatic carcinomas, endogenous CD8+ T cells are relatively sparse.4 Moreover, intratumoural macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) dominate even the earliest …
NCCN Guidelines Insights: Thyroid Carcinoma, Version 2.2018
Authors: Robert I. Haddad, Christian Nasr, Lindsay Bischoff, Naifa Lamki Busaidy, David Byrd, Glenda Callender, Paxton Dickson, Quan-Yang Duh, Hormoz Ehya, Whitney Goldner, Megan Haymart, Carl Hoh, Jason P. Hunt, Andrei Iagaru, Fouad Kandeel, Peter Kopp, Dominick M. Lamonica, Bryan McIver, Christopher D. Raeburn, John A. Ridge, Matthew D. Ringel, Randall P. Scheri, Jatin P. Shah, Rebecca Sippel, Robert C. Smallridge, Cord Sturgeon, Thomas N. Wang, Lori J. Wirth, Richard J. Wong, Alyse Johnson-Chilla, Karin G. Hoffmann, Lisa A. Gurski
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2018)

The NCCN Guidelines for Thyroid Carcinoma provide recommendations for the management of different types of thyroid carcinoma, including papillary, follicular, Hürthle cell, medullary, and anaplastic carcinomas. These NCCN Guidelines Insights summarize the panel discussion behind recent updates to the guidelines, including the expanding role of molecular testing for differentiated thyroid carcinoma, implications of the new pathologic diagnosis of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features, and the addition of a new targeted therapy option for BRAF V600E–mutated anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
Reply to the letter to the Editor "Reply to 'Man against machine: diagnostic performance of a deep learning convolutional neural network for dermoscopic melanoma recognition in comparison to 58 dermatologists' by H. A. Haenssle et al. " by L. Oakden-Rayner
Authors: H.A. Haenssle, C. Fink, L. Uhlmann
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

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Non-Canonical Control of Neuronal Energy Status by the Na+ Pump
Authors: Felipe Baeza-Lehnert, Aiman S. Saab, Robin Gutiérrez, Valeria Larenas, Esteban Díaz, Melanie Horn, Miriam Vargas, Ladina Hösli, Jillian Stobart, Johannes Hirrlinger, Bruno Weber, L. Felipe Barros
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2018)
Global patterns in excess body weight and the associated cancer burden
Authors: Hyuna Sung, Rebecca L. Siegel, Lindsey A. Torre, Jonathan Pearson‐Stuttard, Farhad Islami, Stacey A. Fedewa, Ann Goding Sauer, Kerem Shuval, Susan M. Gapstur, Eric J. Jacobs, Edward L. Giovannucci, Ahmedin Jemal
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2018)

Abstract The prevalence of excess body weight and the associated cancer burden have been rising over the past several decades globally. Between 1975 and 2016, the prevalence of excess body weight in adults—defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m 2 —increased from nearly 21% in men and 24% in women to approximately 40% in both sexes. Notably, the prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ) quadrupled in men, from 3% to 12%, and more than doubled in women, from 7% to 16%. This change, combined with population growth, resulted in a more than 6‐fold increase in the number of obese adults, from 100 to 671 million. The largest absolute increase in obesity occurred among men and boys in high‐income Western countries and among women and girls in Central Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa. The simultaneous rise in excess body weight in almost all countries is thought to be driven largely by changes in the global food system, which promotes energy‐dense, nutrient‐poor foods, alongside reduced opportunities for physical activity. In 2012, excess body weight accounted for approximately 3.9% of all cancers (544,300 cases) with proportion varying from less than 1% in low‐income countries to 7% or 8% in some high‐income Western countries and in Middle Eastern and Northern African countries. The attributable burden by sex was higher for women (368,500 cases) than for men (175,800 cases). Given the pandemic proportion of excess body weight in high‐income countries and the increasing prevalence in low‐ and middle‐income countries, the global cancer burden attributable to this condition is likely to increase in the future. There is emerging consensus on opportunities for obesity control through the multisectoral coordinated implementation of core policy actions to promote an environment conducive to a healthy diet and active living. The rapid increase in both the prevalence of excess body weight and the associated cancer burden highlights the need for a rejuvenated focus on identifying, implementing, and evaluating interventions to prevent and control excess body weight.
Abstract 14398: Gene Expression of Functionally Irreversible Glycolytic Enzymes is Upregulated in Derived Megakaryocytes Compared to Parent Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Dhananjay Vaidya, Kai Kammers, Joshua Martin, Margaret A Taub, Dixie Hoyle, Yongxing Gao, Lisa R Yanek, Brian G Kral, Nauder Faraday, Rasika Mathias, Zack Z Wang, Linzhao Cheng, Diane M Becker, Lewis C Becker
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) can be sources for cells such as megakaryocytes (MK) that cannot be obtained easily from humans. Studies have shown that iPSC depend more on glyc...
Fate Mapping of Sca1 <sup>+</sup> Cardiac Progenitor Cells in the Adult Mouse Heart
Authors: Juan Tang, Yan Li, Xiuzhen Huang, Lingjuan He, Libo Zhang, Haixiao Wang, Wei Yu, Wenjuan Pu, Xueying Tian, Yu Nie, Shengshou Hu, Qing-Dong Wang, Kathy O. Lui, Bin Zhou
Journal: Circulation (2018)
Benzene Exposure Response and Risk of Myeloid Neoplasms in Chinese Workers: A Multicenter Case–Cohort Study
Authors: Martha S Linet, Ethel S Gilbert, Roel Vermeulen, Graça M Dores, Song-Nian Yin, Lutzen Portengen, Richard B Hayes, Bu-Tian Ji, Qing Lan, Gui-Lan Li, Nathaniel Rothman, Cheng-yu Ding, Graça M Dores, Yuan Gao, Ethel S Gilbert, Richard B Hayes, Bu-Tian Ji, Qing Lan, Gui-Lan Li, Gui-Zhen Li, Martha S Linet, Lian-Cui Liu, Yun-E Ni, Xin-Hua Niu, Lutzen Portengen, Nathaniel Rothman, Gui-Fen Sun, Qiang Tang, Hao-Yuan Tian, Roel Vermeulen, Lu-Wu Xiao, Song-Nian Yin, Hong-Bin Zhao, Guang-Fa Zhou, Jie-Sen Zhou
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2018)

Abstract Background There is international consensus that benzene exposure is causally related to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and more recent evidence of association with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, there are uncertainties about the exposure response, particularly risks by time since exposure and age at exposure. Methods In a case–cohort study in 110 631 Chinese workers followed up during 1972–1999 we evaluated combined MDS/AML (n = 44) and chronic myeloid leukemia (n = 18). We estimated benzene exposures using hierarchical modeling of occupational factors calibrated with historical routine measurements, and evaluated exposure response for cumulative exposure and average intensity using Cox regression; P values were two-sided. Results Increased MDS/AML risk with increasing cumulative exposure in our a priori defined time window (2 to &lt;10 years) before the time at risk was suggested (Ptrend = 08). For first exposure (within the 2 to &lt;10-year window) before age 30 years, the exposure response was stronger (P = .004) with rate ratios of 1.12 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.27 to 4.29), 5.58 (95% CI = 1.65 to 19.68), and 4.50 (95% CI = 1.22 to 16.68) for cumulative exposures of more than 0 to less than 40, 40 to less than 100, and at least 100 ppm-years, respectively, compared with no exposure. There was little evidence of exposure response after at least 10 years (Ptrend = .94), regardless of age at first exposure. Average intensity results were generally similar. The risk for chronic myeloid leukemia was increased in exposed vs unexposed workers, but appeared to increase and then decrease with increasing exposure. Conclusion For myeloid neoplasms, the strongest effects were apparent for MDS/AML arising within 10 years of benzene exposure and for first exposure in the 2 to less than 10-year window before age 30 years.
Molecular Subtypes of Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma (SMZL) Are Associated with Distinct Pathogenic Mechanisms and Outcomes - Interim Analysis of the IELSG46 Study
Authors: Francesca Guidetti, Alessio Bruscaggin, Marco Frigeni, Valeria Spina, Lodovico Terzi di Bergamo, Adalgisa Condoluci, Gabriela Forestieri, Francesco Bertoni, Luciano Cascione, Manuela Mollejo, Véronique Meignin, Alexandra Traverse-Glehen, Julia T Geyer, Alessandro Broccoli, Alessandra Tucci, Silvia Bea, Renzo Boldorini, Gustavo Tapia, Antonino Maiorana, Maria Gomes da Silva, Juan F. Garcia, Felicitas Hitz, Michele Merli, Giorgio A. Vanini, Urban Novak, Francesco Piazza, Stefano Pizzolitto, Sascha Dietrich, Liliana Devizzi, Marco Ladetto, Maurilio Ponzoni, Alessandro Rambaldi, Paolo Corradini, Corrado Tarella, Elisa Santambrogio, Umberto Vitolo, Francesco Zaja, Francesco Passamonti, Alexandar Tzankov, Sergio Cogliatti, Carlos Montalban, Roberto Marasca, Laurence de Leval, Carlo Visco, Maria Joao Baptista, Vincenzo Canzonieri, Estella Matutes, Fabio Facchetti, Marco Paulli, Elias Campo, David Oscier, Elena Sabattini, Pier Luigi Zinzani, Govind Bhagat, Stefano A. Pileri, Giorgio Inghirami, Gianluca Gaidano, Gilles Salles, Catherine Thieblemont, Miguel A. Piris, Franco Cavalli, Emanuele Zucca, Luca Arcaini, Davide Rossi
Journal: Blood (2018)
Phase I safety and pharmacokinetics of ADU-1604, an anti-CTLA-4 antibody, in adults with metastatic melanoma
Authors: M. Hendriks, E. de Cock, K. Maplestone, H. Namini, A. van Elsas
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Background: ADU-1604 is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody in development for use as monotherapy or in combination with other anti-cancer therapies. It targets a novel epitope on the validated inhibitory receptor, CTLA-4. ADU-1604 was characterized in vitro and shown to bind to human CTLA-4, block binding of CD80 and CD86 to CTLA-4, and stimulate IL-2 production by activated lymphocytes. ADU-1604 enhanced T cell dependent hepatitis B surface antigen vaccine-induced antibody responses in cynomolgus monkeys and demonstrated anti-tumor activity in a non-small cell lung cancer patient-derived xenograft humanized mouse model. The primary objective of the first-in-human study is to determine the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) by evaluating the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of ADU-1604 administered as an intravenous (IV) infusion. Trial design: This first-in-human, open-label, multicenter, dose-escalation study is conducted in adults with metastatic melanoma without further established treatment options. The study includes two parts: 1) Dose Escalation starts with 0.3 mg/kg of ADU-1604 IV infusion in 3-6 subjects and dosing is escalated until the RP2D is defined (represented by the dose tolerated while not exceeding the maximum tolerated dose or maximum dose (10 mg/kg)). 2) In Dose Confirmation, 7-10 additional subjects receive ADU-1604 at the RP2D until the maximum number of planned doses are administered (4 treatment cycles), disease progression is confirmed, or consent is withdrawn, whichever occurs first. The end of the study is defined as the date when all subjects have completed the final protocol-specified safety assessment and/or discontinued study participation. Primary endpoints include incidence of dose limiting toxicity, treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), and changes from baseline in safety parameters. Secondary endpoints include severity of TEAEs, serious adverse events, changes from baseline in safety assessments, serum concentration-time profiles and PK parameters (including Cmax, AUC), and incidence of anti-ADU-1604 antibodies. This study is designed to provide the RP2D of ADU-1604 based on the totality of PK-PD, as well as clinical responses and safety. Clinical trial identification: NCT03674502. Legal entity responsible for the study: Aduro Biotech Europe. Funding: Aduro Biotech Europe. Disclosure: M. Hendriks, E. de Cock, K. Maplestone, H. Namini, A. van Elsas: Employee of and holds stock in Aduro Biotech Europe at the time of this work.
Prophylactic Infusion of Multi-Antigen Specific T-Cell Products to Prevent Complications after T Cell Depleted Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation — a Phase I/II Study
Authors: Marthe C.J. Roex, Peter van Balen, Lothar Germeroth, Lois Hageman, Esther van Egmond, Sabrina A.J. Veld, Conny Hoogstraten, Ellis van Liempt, Jaap J. Zwaginga, Liesbeth C. de Wreede, Hermann Einsele, Hendrik Veelken, Constantijn J.M. Halkes, Inge Jedema, J.H. Frederik Falkenburg
Journal: Blood (2018)
Comprehensive Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Mapping of Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemias and Profiling of NPM1-Mutated Cells
Authors: Vincent-Philippe Lavallee, Elham Azizi, Vaidotas Kiseliovas, Ignas Masilionis, Linas Mazutis, Ross L. Levine, Dana Pe'er
Journal: Blood (2018)
Abstract 18123: Single-Site Ventricular Pacing via the Coronary Sinus in Patients With Tricuspid Valve Disease
Authors: Martin van Zyl, Amit Noheria, Luis R Scott, Komandoor Srivathsan, Malini Madhavan, Samuel J Asirvatham, Christopher J McLeod
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Objectives: To evaluate coronary sinus single-site (CSSS) left ventricular pacing in adult patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Background: The coronary venous system is an alternative site for permanent pacing when a traditional right ventricular lead implantation is not feasible or is contraindicated. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 23 patients with tricuspid valve surgery/disease who received a CSSS ventricular pacing lead to avoid crossing the tricuspid valve. Two matched control populations were obtained from patients receiving (i) conventional right ventricular single-site (RVSS) leads and (ii) coronary sinus leads for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CSCRT). Main outcomes of interest were lead stability, electrical lead parameters and change in LVEF during long-term follow-up. Results: Successful CSSS pacing was accomplished in all 23 patients without any procedural complications. During the 5.3±2.8-year follow-up 22/23 (95.7%) leads were functional wi...