tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological Treatments for Tinnitus
Authors: Gregory M. Asnis
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
68Ga-FAPI Outperforms 18F-FDG PET/CT in Identifying Bone Metastasis and Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in a Patient With Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Yizhen Pang, Liang Zhao, Haojun Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract A 60-year-old woman, previously treated for breast cancer, was referred to gastroenterologists due to persistent abdominal distension. 18 F-FDG PET/CT revealed multiple abnormal foci at the skeleton including the bilateral ilium, peritoneum, and omentum. 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT was performed for further detecting the primary lesion, which showed a greater number of bone metastases and higher uptake in peritoneal carcinomatoses than 18 F-FDG. Biopsy at the left ilium and omentum indicated metastases from breast cancer. This case highlighted that 68 Ga-FAPI may outperforms 18 F-FDG PET/CT in identifying bone metastasis and peritoneal carcinomatosis.
Single-Cell Characterization of Malignant Phenotypes and Developmental Trajectories of Adrenal Neuroblastoma
Authors: Rui Dong, Ran Yang, Yong Zhan, Hua-Dong Lai, Chun-Jing Ye, Xiao-Ying Yao, Wen-Qin Luo, Xiao-Mu Cheng, Ju-Ju Miao, Jun-Feng Wang, Bai-Hui Liu, Xiang-Qi Liu, Lu-Lu Xie, Yi Li, Man Zhang, Lian Chen, Wei-Chen Song, Wei Qian, Wei-Qiang Gao, Yun-Hui Tang, Chun-Yan Shen, Wei Jiang, Gong Chen, Wei Yao, Kui-Ran Dong, Xian-Min Xiao, Shan Zheng, Kai Li, Jia Wang
Journal: Cancer Cell (2020)
Rifabutin triple therapy increased <i> H pylori </i> eradication vs. amoxicillin + omeprazole in treatment-naive patients
Authors: Jacob Mathew Jr.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Graham DY, Canaan Y, Maher J, et al. Rifabutin-based triple therapy (RHB-105) for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2020;172:795-802. 32365359.
How Should the SPLASH Trial Inform the Care of Patients With Blunt Splenic Trauma?
Authors: Shah-Jahan Dodwad, Michael W. Wandling, Lillian S. Kao
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Hepatorenal syndrome: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management
Authors: Douglas A Simonetto, Pere Gines, Patrick S Kamath
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), the extreme manifestation of renal impairment in patients with cirrhosis, is characterized by reduction in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. Hepatorenal syndrome is diagnosed when kidney function is reduced but evidence of intrinsic kidney disease, such as hematuria, proteinuria, or abnormal kidney ultrasonography, is absent. Unlike other causes of acute kidney injury (AKI), hepatorenal syndrome results from functional changes in the renal circulation and is potentially reversible with liver transplantation or vasoconstrictor drugs. Two forms of hepatorenal syndrome are recognized depending on the acuity and progression of kidney injury. The first represents an acute impairment of kidney function, HRS-AKI, whereas the second represents a more chronic kidney dysfunction, HRS-CKD (chronic kidney disease). In this review, we provide critical insight into the definition, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of hepatorenal syndrome.
Effect of Neighborhood Food Environment and Socioeconomic Status on Serum Phosphorus Level for Patients on Chronic Dialysis
Authors: Vishnu S. Potluri, Deirdre Sawinski, Vicky Tam, Justine Shults, Jordana B. Cohen, Douglas J. Wiebe, Siddharth P. Shah, Jeffrey S. Berns, Peter P. Reese
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Elevated blood phosphorus levels are common and associated with a greater risk of death for patients receiving chronic dialysis. Phosphorus-rich foods are prevalent in the American diet, and low-phosphorus foods, including fruits and vegetables, are often less available in areas with more poverty. The relative contributions of neighborhood food availability and socioeconomic status to phosphorus control in patients receiving dialysis are unknown.Using longitudinal data from a national dialysis provider, we constructed hierarchical, linear mixed-effects models to evaluate the relationships between neighborhood food environment or socioeconomic status and serum phosphorus level among patients receiving incident dialysis.Our cohort included 258,510 patients receiving chronic hemodialysis in 2005-2013. Median age at dialysis initiation was 64 years, 45% were female, 32% were Black, and 15% were Hispanic. Within their residential zip code, patients had a median of 25 "less-healthy" food outlets (interquartile range, 11-40) available to them compared with a median of four "healthy" food outlets (interquartile range, 2-6). Living in a neighborhood with better availability of healthy food was not associated with a lower phosphorus level. Neighborhood income also was not associated with differences in phosphorus. Patient age, race, cause of ESKD, and mean monthly dialysis duration were most closely associated with phosphorus level.Neither neighborhood availability of healthy food options nor neighborhood income was associated with phosphorus levels in patients receiving chronic dialysis. Modifying factors, such as nutrition literacy, individual-level financial resources, and adherence to diet restrictions and medications, may be more powerful contributors than food environment to elevated phosphorus.
Reply to Francesco Montorsi, Giorgio Gandaglia, Nicola Fossati, Andrea Salonia, and Alberto Briganti’s Letter to the Editor re: Vasilis Stavrinides, Francesco Giganti, Bruce Trock, et al. Five-year Outcomes of Magnetic Resonance Imaging–based Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer: A Large Cohort Study. Eur Urol 2020;78:443–51
Authors: Vasilis Stavrinides, Francesco Giganti, Mark Emberton, Caroline M. Moore
Journal: European Urology (2020)
Posterior Subglottic Mass in a Patient With a History of Rectal Adenocarcinoma and Lung Metastases
Authors: Forrest Craig, Geraldine O’Sullivan Coyne, Clint T. Allen
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

A 48-year-old man with a history of rectal adenocarcinoma and multiple lung metastases presents with a 1-cm posterior subglottic lesion of unclear origin found on restaging scans. What is your diagnosis?
Abstract 830: Transcardiac Increase in Norepinephrine and Prognosis in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Keizo Nishiyama, Takayoshi Tsutamoto, Chiho Kawahara, Masayuki Yamaji, Toshinari Tanaka, Takashi Yamamoto, Masanori Fujii, Minoru Horie
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Abnormal cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (CSA) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of CHF. However, no previous study has compared the transcardiac gradient of norepinephrine (NE) and the prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). To evaluate the prognostic role of the transcardiac gradient of NE in patients with CHF. We measured hemodynamic parameters and plasma levels of NE, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) in the aortic root (AO) and coronary sinus (CS) in 356 consecutive patients with CHF. During a median follow-up of 3.5 years, 40 patients died. Transcardiac gradients of BNP (273±276 vs. 472±433 pg/mL, p&lt;0.0001), NT-proBNP (417±700 vs. 928±1093 pg/mL, p&lt;0.0001) and NE (114±160 vs. 473±992 pg/mL, p&lt;0.0001) were significantly higher in non-survivors than survivors. After adjustment for clinical variables associated with CHF including hemodynamics and neurohumoral factors, the transcardiac gradient of NE (p&lt;0.0001) and plasma log NT-proBNP (p&lt;0.0001) were independent prognostic predictors. Among 67 patients in whom 123 I- metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) could be performed, transcardiac increase in NE (ΔNE) was correlated with the washout rate (r=0.398, p=0.0009) and was a superior predictor of mortality than MIBG parameters. Patients were divided into four groups based on the cut-off levels for ΔNE and plasma NT-proBNP, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed (Figure ). The transcardiac increase in NE, as a biomarker of CSA, is an independent and useful prognostic predictor for evaluating the prognosis of CHF patients.
Travel-associated COVID-19: a challenge for surveillance?
Authors: Julien Beauté, Gianfranco Spiteri
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

Preview this article: Travel-associated COVID-19: a challenge for surveillance?, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/25/37/eurosurv-25-37-1-1.gif
The Affordable Care Act Returns to the Supreme Court
Authors: Marcia M. Boumil, Gregory Curfman
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Suboptimal US Response to COVID-19 Despite Robust Capabilities and Resources
Authors: Jennifer B. Nuzzo, Jessica A. Bell, Elizabeth E. Cameron
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Suboptimal US Response to COVID-19 Despite Robust Capabilities and ResourcesThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have caught governments by surprise, but medical and public health communities have long warned of the potential for a high-consequence pandemic.Most recently, in September 2019, a report by the independent Global Preparedness Monitoring Board urged political leaders to take steps in their countries to improve preparedness for such events. 1One month later, the Global Health Security (GHS) Index, a framework for benchmarking health security in 195 countries, found that no country was fully prepared for a major health emergency. 2The Index identified serious weaknesses in many countries that could undermine their ability to respond to a pandemic, but it did not anticipate the poor response to the pandemic by high-scoring countries such as the US where major gaps in federal leadership resulted in a failure to mobilize the country's substantial capacity.With the largest number of COVID-19 cases to date and one of the highest per-capita case fatality rates in the world, the US has experienced greater consequences from COVID-19 than many other countries.
Multimodality Treatment for Advanced Cervical Cancer With Isolated Metastasis to Interventricular Septum of the Heart
Authors: Ayelet Shapira-Daniels, Daniela Katz, Gal Aviel, Amichay Meirovitz, Dan Gilon, Oz M. Shapira
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2020)

Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women worldwide ([1][1]). Approximately 90% are squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), whereas the rest are adenocarcinomas. Due to increased awareness and global early detection programs, most patients are diagnosed at an early stage. Lymphatic and
Concomitant Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Survival in Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with Atezolizumab
Authors: Ashley M. Hopkins, Ganessan Kichenadasse, Christos S. Karapetis, Andrew Rowland, Michael J. Sorich
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota dysbiosis can reduce the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are known to induce gut microbiota changes. However, little is known on the effects of PPIs on outcomes with ICI therapy, and it has not been explored in urothelial cancer treatment.Individual-participant data from the advanced urothelial cancer trials, IMvigor210 (single-arm atezolizumab trial, n = 429) and IMvigor211 (phase III randomized trial of atezolizumab vs. chemotherapy, n = 931) were pooled in a Cox proportional hazard analysis assessing the association between PPI use and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). PPI use was defined as any PPI administration between 30 days prior and 30 days after treatment initiation.Of the 1,360 participants, 471 (35%) received a PPI within the 60-day window. PPI use was associated with significantly worse OS [HR (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 1.52 (1.27-1.83), P < 0.001] and PFS [1.38 (1.18-1.62), P < 0.001] with atezolizumab, but not chemotherapy (P > 0.05). In the randomized cohort of IMvigor211, the OS treatment effect [HR (95% CI)] of atezolizumab versus chemotherapy was 1.04 (0.81-1.34) for PPI users, compared with 0.69 (0.56-0.84) for PPI nonusers (Pinteraction = 0.013). Similar associations were noted in the PD-L1 IC2/3 population.This study indicates PPI use is a negative prognostic marker in advanced urothelial carcinoma treated with ICI therapy, but not chemotherapy. Furthermore, the analysis suggests PPIs influence the magnitude of ICI efficacy, and this warrants further investigation.
Detection and infectivity potential of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) environmental contamination in isolation units and quarantine facilities
Authors: Amir Ben-Shmuel, Tal Brosh-Nissimov, Itai Glinert, Elad Bar-David, Assa Sittner, Reut Poni, Regev Cohen, Hagit Achdout, Hadas Tamir, Yfat Yahalom-Ronen, Boaz Politi, Sharon Melamed, Einat Vitner, Lilach Cherry, Ofir Israeli, Adi Beth-Din, Nir Paran, Tomer Israely, Shmuel Yitzhaki, Haim Levy, Shay Weiss
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2020)

Environmental surfaces have been suggested as likely contributors in the transmission of COVID-19. This study assessed the infectivity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contaminating surfaces and objects in two hospital isolation units and a quarantine hotel.
Established Cardiovascular Biomarkers Provide Limited Prognostic Information in Unselected Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19
Authors: Torbjørn Omland, Christian Prebensen, Ragnhild Røysland, Signe Søvik, Vibecke Sørensen, Helge Røsjø, My Svensson, Jan Erik Berdal, Peder L. Myhre
Journal: Circulation (2020)

orbidity and mortality associated with Coronavirus disease 2019 (CO-VID-19) is substantial, and underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a risk factor for severe disease. 1,22][3][4] These studies identified C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, cardiac troponins, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and D-dimer as markers of increased risk.Retrospective studies carry significant risk of selection bias, because the indication for measurements is at the discretion of the treating physician.We aimed to overcome such limitations by prospectively investigating associations between CVD and inflammatory biomarkers and COVID-19.COVID-MECH (COVID-19 Mechanisms Study; NCT04314232) was a prospective, observational study enrolling consecutive adult patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 at Akershus University Hospital (Norway) March 18 to May 4, 2020.Study-specific consent forms were signed by participants or nextof-kin for patients unable to consent.The study was approved by local regulatory authorities.Study data are not publicly available because of Norwegian General Data Protection Regulation.The primary end point in COVID-MECH was the composite of hospital mortality or admission to the intensive care unit prompted by need for mechanical ventilation and lasting >24 hours.Follow-up to 30 days or discharge or death was complete.Clinical information was extracted from electronic medical records by the investigators.Blood samples were drawn by venipuncture at admission in the emergency department and analyzed immediately at the central laboratory.The association between log-transformed admission biomarker concentrations and the primary end point was examined in univariable and multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex, and race (model 1).Model 2 additionally adjusted for CVD, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and symptom duration.Model 3 additionally adjusted for National Early Warning Scores (NEWS), calculated from admission respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, supplemental oxygen, systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, temperature, and level of consciousness. 5 Discrimination for the primary end point was assessed using area under the receiver operating curve.Reclassification was calculated using the Net Reclassification Index.In total, 131 of 135 patients included in COVID MECH had blood samples available for this analysis.Mean (SD) age was 59.6±14.1 (range 25-86) years; 80 (61%) patients were men; and 79 (60%) had ≥1 comorbidity: 39 (30%) hypertension, 37 (29%) obesity, 17 (13%) CVD, 22 (17%) diabetes, 8 (6%) chronic kidney disease, and 6 (5%) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Seventy (53%) patients were White; these were older (mean 65.4±13.4versus 53.1±11.8years; P<0.
Removing reference bias and improving indel calling in ancient DNA data analysis by mapping to a sequence variation graph
Authors: Rui Martiniano, Erik Garrison, Eppie R. Jones, Andrea Manica, Richard Durbin
Journal: Genome biology (2020)

Abstract Background During the last decade, the analysis of ancient DNA (aDNA) sequence has become a powerful tool for the study of past human populations. However, the degraded nature of aDNA means that aDNA molecules are short and frequently mutated by post-mortem chemical modifications. These features decrease read mapping accuracy and increase reference bias, in which reads containing non-reference alleles are less likely to be mapped than those containing reference alleles. Alternative approaches have been developed to replace the linear reference with a variation graph which includes known alternative variants at each genetic locus. Here, we evaluate the use of variation graph software to avoid reference bias for aDNA and compare with existing methods. Results We use to align simulated and real aDNA samples to a variation graph containing 1000 Genome Project variants and compare with the same data aligned with to the human linear reference genome. Using leads to a balanced allelic representation at polymorphic sites, effectively removing reference bias, and more sensitive variant detection in comparison with , especially for insertions and deletions (indels). Alternative approaches that use relaxed parameter settings or filter alignments can also reduce bias but can have lower sensitivity than , particularly for indels. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that aligning aDNA sequences to variation graphs effectively mitigates the impact of reference bias when analyzing aDNA, while retaining mapping sensitivity and allowing detection of variation, in particular indel variation, that was previously missed.
The Alopecia Areata Consensus of Experts (ACE) study part II: Results of an international expert opinion on diagnosis and laboratory evaluation for alopecia areata
Authors: Nekma Meah, Dmitri Wall, Katherine York, Bevin Bhoyrul, Laita Bokhari, Daniel Asz-Sigall, Wilma F. Bergfeld, Regina C. Betz, Ulrike Blume-Peytavi, Valerie Callender, Vijaya Chitreddy, Andrea Combalia, George Cotsarelis, Brittany Craiglow, Jeff Donovan, Samantha Eisman, Paul Farrant, Jack Green, Ramon Grimalt, Matthew Harries, Maria Hordinsky, Alan D. Irvine, Satoshi Itami, Victoria Jolliffe, Brett King, Won-Soo Lee, Amy McMichael, Andrew Messenger, Paradi Mirmirani, Elise Olsen, Seth J. Orlow, Bianca Maria Piraccini, Adriana Rakowska, Pascal Reygagne, Janet L. Roberts, Lidia Rudnicka, Jerry Shapiro, Pooja Sharma, Antonella Tosti, Annika Vogt, Martin Wade, Leona Yip, Abraham Zlotogorski, Rodney D. Sinclair
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)