tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 16266: Greater Variation in the Point of Care Activated Clotting Time During Ablation Procedures is Observed at Therapeutic Values
Authors: William F Dresen, Paula Schmidt, Vijai Nagarajan, Michele A Murphy, Augustus E Mealor, Will M Camnitz, Andrew E Darby, Rohit Malhotra, Kenneth C Bilchick, Pamela K Mason, J. M Mangrum, John P DiMarco, John D Ferguson
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Guidelines for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation recommend procedural anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin and a target activated clotting time (ACT) of 300-400 seconds. There ...
Multicenter Validation of the Magnetic Resonance T2* Technique for Quantification of Pancreatic Iron
Authors: Alessia Pepe, Laura Pistoia, Daniele De Marchi, Stefano Pulini, Elena Facchini, Nicola Dello Iacono, Aurelio Maggio, Maria Grazia Bisconte, Maria Paola Smacchia, Calogera Gerardi, Nicolò Schicchi, Gennaro Restaino, Vincenzo Positano, Antonella Meloni
Journal: Blood (2018)
LONG-TERM AUSTRALIAN BIORESORBABLE SCAFFOLD OUTCOMES FOLLOWING WITHDRAWAL FROM MARKET: A REPORT FROM THE VICTORIAN CARDIAC OUTCOMES REGISTRY
Authors: Luke Dawson, Diem Dinh, Stephanie Montalto, Angela Brennan, Harriet Carruthers, Janine Doyle, Ron Dick, Robert Gooley, Jack Gutman, Stephen Duffy, Jeffrey Lefkovits
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL REDUCTION AND SAFETY WITH LIB003, AN ANTI-PROPROTEIN CONVERTASE SUBTILISIN/KEXIN TYPE 9 FUSION PROTEIN: RESULTS OF A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED, SINGLE ASCENDING DOSE STUDY
Authors: Evan A. Stein, Traci Turner, Lukasz Biernat, Dessy Dimova, Rong Zhou, Mei Dai, Christopher Daniels, Tracy Mitchell
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
PRACTICE-LEVEL VARIATION IN STATIN USE AND LDL-C CONTROL IN THE UNITED STATES: RESULTS FROM THE PATIENT AND PROVIDER ASSESSMENT OF LIPID MANAGEMENT (PALM) REGISTRY
Authors: Michael Nanna, Ann Marie Navar, Tracy Wang, Shuang Li, Zhuokai Li, Jennifer Robinson, Veronique Roger, Salim Virani, Peter Wilson, Anne Goldberg, Andrew Koren, Michael Louie, Eric Peterson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
EFFICACY OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY AND POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY ON PSYCHOLOGICAL OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Adrian V. Hernandez, Laura Casado, Ines Magan, Maria Rosa Jurado, Haley Barnum, Marta Redondo, Hector Bueno
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Association of Atopic Dermatitis With Sleep Quality in Children
Authors: Faustine D. Ramirez, Shelley Chen, Sinéad M. Langan, Aric A. Prather, Charles E. McCulloch, Sharon A. Kidd, Michael D. Cabana, Mary-Margaret Chren, Katrina Abuabara
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2019)

Pruritus, a hallmark of atopic dermatitis (AD), is thought to disrupt sleep, yet little is known about how variations in disease activity and severity of this common childhood condition may be associated with sleep patterns over time.To determine whether children with active AD have impaired sleep duration and quality at multiple time points throughout childhood and whether disease severity affects sleep outcomes.This longitudinal cohort study used data of children enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a population-based birth cohort in Avon, United Kingdom. Participants were children (N = 13 988) alive at 1 year and followed up with repeated measures of self-reported AD and sleep through 16 years of age. This study was based on data collected from 1990 to 2008. Data analysis was performed from September 2017 to September 2018.Standardized measure of sleep duration and composite measure of sleep quality, including nighttime awakenings, early morning awakenings, difficulty falling asleep, and nightmares, were repeated at multiple time points between 2 and 16 years of age.The study sample comprised 13 988 children (7220 male [51.6%]) followed up for a median (interquartile range [IQR]) duration of 11 (5-14) years. Of this total, 4938 children (35.3%) met the definition of having atopic dermatitis between 2 and 16 years of age. Total sleep duration was similar between children with active AD and without AD at all ages, and the average estimated difference across childhood was a clinically negligible difference of 2 minutes less per day for children with AD (95% CI, -4 to 0 minutes). In contrast, children with active AD were more likely to report worse sleep quality at all time points, with a nearly 50% higher odds of experiencing more sleep-quality disturbances (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.48; 95% CI, 1.33 to 1.66). Children with more severe active disease (quite bad or very bad AD: aOR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.42 to 1.98) and with comorbid asthma or allergic rhinitis (aOR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.54 to 2.09) had worse sleep quality. However, even children with mild AD (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.27 to 1.54) or inactive AD (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.28 to 1.55) had statistically significantly increased odds of impaired sleep quality.Atopic dermatitis appeared to be associated with impaired sleep quality throughout childhood; thus, it is suggested that clinicians should consider sleep quality among all children with AD, especially those with comorbid asthma or allergic rhinitis and severe disease, and that interventions to improve sleep quality are needed.
ELEVATED DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE PREDICTS SHORT-TERM RISK FOR ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITHOUT PRIOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Authors: Ahmed Amro, Giancarlo Acosta Baez, Kanaan Mansoor, George Augustine Koromia, Rodrigo Aguilar, Mehiar El-Hamdani, Affan Irfan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Resistance to MAPK Inhibitors in Melanoma Involves Activation of the IGF1R–MEK5–Erk5 Pathway
Authors: Lucía Benito-Jardón, Marta Díaz-Martínez, Nohemi Arellano-Sánchez, Paloma Vaquero-Morales, Azucena Esparís-Ogando, Joaquin Teixidó
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Combined treatment of metastatic melanoma with BRAF and MEK inhibitors has improved survival, but the emergence of resistance represents an important clinical challenge. Targeting ERK is a suitable strategy currently being investigated in melanoma and other cancers. To anticipate possible resistance to ERK inhibitors (ERKi), we used SCH772984 (SCH) as a model ERKi to characterize resistance mechanisms in two BRAF V600E melanoma cell lines. The ERKi-resistant cells were also resistant to vemurafenib (VMF), trametinib (TMT), and combined treatment with either VMF and SCH or TMT and SCH. Resistance to SCH involved stimulation of the IGF1R–MEK5–Erk5 signaling pathway, which counteracted inhibition of Erk1/2 activation and cell growth. Inhibition of IGF1R with linsitinib blocked Erk5 activation in SCH-resistant cells and decreased their growth in 3D spheroid growth assays as well as in NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice. Cells doubly resistant to VMF and TMT or to VMF and SCH also exhibited downregulated Erk1/2 activation linked to stimulation of the IGF1R–MEK5–Erk5 pathway, which accounted for resistance. In addition, we found that the decreased Erk1/2 activation in SCH-resistant cells involved reduced expression and function of TGFα. These data reveal an escape signaling route that melanoma cells use to bypass Erk1/2 blockade during targeted melanoma treatment and offer several possible targets whose disruption may circumvent resistance. Significance: Activation of the IGF1R–MEK5–Erk5 signaling pathway opposes pharmacologic inhibition of Erk1/2 in melanoma, leading to the reactivation of cell proliferation and acquired resistance.
PROPORTION OF HIV-INFECTED VERSUS UNINFECTED INDIVIDUALS RECEIVING CARDIAC IMPLANTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICES BETWEEN 2000-2018
Authors: Anjali Thakkar, Nalini Colaco, Jennifer Creasman, Smruti Rahalkar, Amrit Narwan, Zian Tseng, Priscilla Hsue
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Abstract P2-01-24: Sulindac and triple negative breast cancer progression
Authors: Y Xi, B Yi, A Riker
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract In 2018, a total of 266,120 new cases and 40,920 deaths from breast cancer in the United States were estimated by the American Cancer Society. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of death among American women. In this study, we will focus on triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is viewed by oncologists as a problematic and unpredictable sub-category of breast cancer because of higher rates of recurrence and poorer prognosis. TNBC accounts for up to 20% of all breast cancers and is highly prevalent in minority and young women. On average, 70% of women with metastatic TNBC die within 5 years, regardless of chemotherapy or other treatments. As such, there is an urgent medical need to develop more effective drugs to manage this deadly disease that already raised a health disparity concern, especially in the State of Louisiana. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used drugs for the treatment of pain, fever, and inflammation. Epidemiological studies have reported that the long term use of NSAIDs can prevent the occurrence multiple types of cancers, including breast cancer. However, their long term use for chemoprevention is not recommended because of toxicities associated with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition and the suppression of physiologically important prostaglandins. Our results show that the NSAID, sulindac sulfide (SS) and its non-COX inhibitory derivatives, can significantly inhibit the growth of the major subtypes of TNBC cells (basal-like, mesenchymal, and luminal). In addition, the compounds significantly inhibit tumor cell invasion. The animal experiments using Patient Derived Xenograft models supported the in vivo efficacy of these drugs. While studying the mechanism, we found that four oncogenic miRNAs, miR-10b, miR-17, miR-21, and miR-9 can be downregulated by SS and derivatives, and they were reported to promote tumor metastasis exclusively. Therefore, we conclude that those oncogenic miRNAs are involved in anti-metastatic activities of SS and its new non-COX inhibitory derivatives in TNBC. Citation Format: Xi Y, Yi B, Riker A. Sulindac and triple negative breast cancer progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-01-24.
Prediction of One-Year Molecular Response to Imatinib at Diagnosis of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia By Scoring Gene Expression Levels of Antioxidant Enzymes
Authors: Frederic Picou, Jean-Claude Chomel, Marie Christine Bene, Marc G. Berger, Thierry Fest, Valerie Ugo, Eric Lippert, Marion Socco-Luca, Martine Delain, Marie-Helene Estienne, Olivier Herault
Journal: Blood (2018)
Malassezia Is Associated with Crohn’s Disease and Exacerbates Colitis in Mouse Models
Authors: Jose J. Limon, Jie Tang, Dalin Li, Andrea J. Wolf, Kathrin S. Michelsen, Vince Funari, Matthew Gargus, Christopher Nguyen, Purnima Sharma, Viviana I. Maymi, Iliyan D. Iliev, Joseph H. Skalski, Jordan Brown, Carol Landers, James Borneman, Jonathan Braun, Stephan R. Targan, Dermot P.B. McGovern, David M. Underhill
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2019)
SAMHD1 Is Variably Expressed in Mantle Cell Lymphoma and Correlated to SOX11 but Not to Survival
Authors: Agata Magdalena Wasik, Elin Marin, Magali Merrien, Joana de Matos Rodrigues, Martin Lord, Ioanna Xagoraris, Birger Christensson, George Rassidakis, Mats Jerkeman, Sara Ek, Birgitta Sander
Journal: Blood (2018)
COMPARISON OF CARDIAC SIZE AND FUNCTION IN PATIENTS AT HIGH AND LOW SURGICAL RISK UNDERGOING TAVR
Authors: Diego Medvedofsky, Toby Rogers, Gai Jiaxiang, Page E. Craig, Tatsuya Miyoshi, Itsik Ben-Dor, Lowell Satler, Gaby Weissman, Rebecca Torguson, Ron Waksman, Federico Asch
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Safety margin of embolized area can reduce local recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after superselective transarterial chemoembolization
Authors: Kittipitch Bannangkoon, Keerati Hongsakul, Teeravut Tubtawee, Teerha Piratvisuth
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2019)

We aimed to determine the relationship between the safety margin of an embolized area and local tumor recurrence (LTR) of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent superselective transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).The medical records of 77 HCC patients with 109 HCC nodules who underwent superselective TACE were retrospectively analyzed for LTR. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for 16 potential factors using Cox proportional hazard regression. Iodized oil deposition on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging was divided into three grades: A=complete tumor staining and complete circumferential safety margin, B=complete tumor staining but incomplete safety margin, C=incomplete tumor staining. The effect of a safety margin on LTR was evaluated by comparison between grade A and B group.Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that grade A iodized oil deposition and portal vein visualization were the only two independent significant factors of LTR (P<0.001 and P=0.029, respectively). The 12- and 24-month LTR rates of tumors for grade A (n=62), grade B (n=30), and grade C (n=17) were 16% vs. 41% vs. 100% and 16% vs. 61% vs. 100%, respectively (P<0.001). The tumors in the grade A group had a 75% risk reduction in LTR (odds ratio, 0.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.10 to 0.64; P=0.004) compared to the grade B group.LTR was significantly lower when a greater degree of iodized oil deposition occurred with a complete circumferential safety margin. In superselective TACE, the safety margin of the embolized areas using intraprocedural CBCT affected LTR in HCC patients.
Abstract 339: A Novel Strategy to Harness Stem Cell-Intrinsic Mechanobiological Properties for Advanced Tissue Repair: Implication in Cardiac Tissue Injury
Authors: Arghya Paul, Aparna Chakravarti, Settimio Pacelli, Rafeeq Ahmed
Journal: Circulation Research (2018)

Rationale: Stem cells are constantly exposed to biomechanical and biochemical signals when transplanted in a continuously beating cardiac environment for treatment. Here, we postulated that an in vitro miniaturized beating cardiac microenvironment can induce unique biomechanical stimuli to co-cultured MSCs that can influence therapeutic potential of the later. This project aimed (i) to pre-condition mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with continuous mechanobiological stimuli using a 3D cardiac tissue environment (ii) to intramyocardially inject pre-conditioned MSCs into mice heart with myocardial infarction (MI) for tissue repair. Methods: We fabricated an in vitro cardiac platform as shown in Fig 1 , using an electro-conductive hydrogel and human iPSC-derived cardiac cells. Adipose MSCs were then injected to the beating hydrogel platform. After 7 days, activated (MB+) and non-activated MSCs (MB-) were isolated for in vitro and in vivo analysis. Results: The force generated by the constant beating of cardiomyocytes induced profound effects in on MSC behavior in the MB+ group. Several mechano-transduction factors (YAP1, TAZ), actin polymerization genes involved in cardiac muscle contractions ( ACTA2 , CDC42, TNNT2 ) and angiogenic genes were upregulated in MB+. RNA-seq analysis further confirmed these findings. 3 week study in mice with MI demonstrated significant increase in capillary density and reduction in infarct sizes in MB+ (n=6) compared to MB- group. Furthermore, the MB+ group showed significantly higher cardiac performance in echocardiography. We can conclude MB-activated MSCs can have significant impact in future treatment strategies for patients with MI.
Semaglutide once weekly as add-on to SGLT-2 inhibitor therapy in type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 9): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Bernard Zinman, Vaishali Bhosekar, Robert Busch, Ingrid Holst, Bernhard Ludvik, Desirée Thielke, James Thrasher, Vincent Woo, Athena Philis-Tsimikas
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2019)
Abstract 548: Evolutionarily Conserved Functions for Valosin Containing Protein (VCP) in Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Reveal Mechanistic Insights into Multisystem Proteinopathy
Authors: Matthew J Brody, Davy Vanhoutte, Meera C Viswanathan, Tran Nguyen, Marjorie Maillet, Allen J York, Michelle A Sargent, Anthony Cammarato, Jeffery D Molkentin
Journal: Circulation Research (2018)

Valosin Containing Protein (VCP)/p97 is a AAA-ATPase with functions in vast cellular protein quality control processes, including targeting of misfolded or aggregated proteins for degradation by the ubiquitin proteasome system and autophagy. Mutations in VCP cause a multisystem degenerative proteinopathy disorder that includes pathologies of the nervous system, skeletal muscle, bone, and heart. However, the molecular function of VCP in myocytes is unknown. We generated cardiomyocyte-specific transgenic mice overexpressing wildtype VCP or a VCP K524A mutant with deficient ATPase activity. Mice overexpressing wildtype VCP exhibit normal cardiac structure and function while mutant VCP overexpressing mice develop cardiomyopathy and have elevated levels of ubiquitinated proteins in the heart. Additionally, we generated transgenic flies overexpressing wildtype VCP or VCP K524A in muscle. Flies overexpressing the VCP ATPase-deficient mutant have reduced flight ability at two days of age and are unable to fly at seven days of age, suggesting conserved indispensable homeostatic functions for VCP in heart and skeletal muscle. Moreover, mouse hearts and Drosophila indirect flight muscle overexpressing the ATPase-deficient VCP mutant exhibit profound ultrastructural abnormalities consistent with dysregulation of proteostasis. Extensive proteomics in Drosophila and in mouse heart identified conserved interactions of VCP with protein complexes that suggest unique functions for VCP in regulating novel quality control pathways in muscle. These data and novel regulatory relationships will be presented, which implicate important and evolutionarily conserved functions for VCP and suggest molecular mechanisms that underlie the molecular etiology of multisystem proteinopathy disorders.
SERUM ACTIVE COLLAGENASE FROM PATHOGENIC ARCHAEAL COLLAGENASE MAY CAUSE HEART FAILURE IN CHAGASIC PATIENTS
Authors: Maria De Lourdes Higuchi, Joyce Kawakami, Renata Ikegami, Marcia Reis, Camila R. Moreno, Jaqueline Pereira, Barbara Ianni, Paula Buck, Marilia Santos, Edimar Bocchi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
LOW RATES OF ORAL ANTICOAGULATION USE AND POOR OUTCOMES AMONG FRAIL PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Sean Pokorney, John House, Christopher B. Granger, Elaine Hylek, Mark Alberts, Kevin Anstrom, Peter Berger, Michael Dorsch, Gerald Naccarelli, Kevin Thomas, Robert Zambon, Gregory Fermann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
PULMONARY EMBOLISM RESPONSE TEAM IMPLEMENTATION IMPROVES AWARENESS AND EDUCATION AMONG THE HOUSE STAFF
Authors: Yevgeniy Brailovsky, Siri Kunchakarra, Kateria Porcaro, Dalila Masic, Erin Mancl, Demetrios Doukas, Carlos Bechara, John J. Lopez, Kevin Simpson, Verghese Mathew, Jawed Fareed, Amir Darki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Abstract P3-01-05: Circulating tumor cell detection predicts early recurrence in patients with non-metastatic breast cancer
Authors: C Hall, S Meas, J Bowman Bauldry, H Kuerer, A Lucci
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background: Our group and others have shown that CTCs are identified in 20-25% of non-metastatic breast cancer patients. Recent data suggests that circulating tumor cell (CTC) detection at 5 years follow-up predicts late recurrence for non-metastatic, estrogen receptor positive, HER2/neu negative (ER+/HER2-) breast cancer patients. The aim of this study was to determine if CTC detection at time of surgery in ER+/HER2- predicts early (less than or equal to 5 years) recurrence, and to compare the median recurrence-free survival (RFS) to triple negative (TN) patients. Methods: We performed CTC enumeration on 506 patients with non-metastatic breast cancer just prior to surgical resection as part of an IRB approved study. CTCs (per 7.5 ml blood) were identified using the Cell SearchSystem (Menarini Silicon Biosystems). The presence of one or more CTC meeting morphological criteria for malignancy was considered a positive result. Patients with inflammatory breast cancer were excluded from our analysis. Log-rank test and Cox regression analysis were applied to establish the association of CTCs with RFS. Results: Median follow-up was 68 months and mean age was 53 years. Eighty-four percent of patients (417/498) had T1/T2 tumors, 63% (307/487) had grade 1 or 2 tumors, and 58% (292/501) had negative lymph nodes. Eighty-three percent (419/506) had ER+/HER2- tumors, and 17% (87/506) were TN. One or more CTC was identified in 22% (91/419) ER+/HER2- patients, and in 28% (24/87) of TN patients. Nine percent (45/506) of patients recurred within 5 years of CTC assessment. Of the 45 patients who relapsed, detection of one or more CTCs predicted shortened RFS. Median RFS for CTC-positive patients was 1.2 years, vs. 2.5 years for CTC-negative patients, irrespective of ER+/HER2- or TN subtype (log-rank P&amp;lt;0.001, HR = 2.71, 95% CI, 1.50 to 4.87). Conclusions: One or more CTCs identified at surgical resection predicted shortened RFS, irrespective of subtype, in non-metastatic breast cancer patients. This data warrants larger studies to determine if CTC positivity can be used to stratify both ER+ and TN patients who are at increased risk for early recurrence. Citation Format: Hall C, Meas S, Bowman Bauldry J, Kuerer H, Lucci A. Circulating tumor cell detection predicts early recurrence in patients with non-metastatic breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-01-05.
In Vitro Approach for the Identification of Exceptional Responders in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Eric O'Brien, Brett VanCauwenbergh, Luke Byerly, Alexander Merk, Mayur Sarangdhar, Mark Wunderlich, Mitali Basu, Benjamin Mizukawa, Erin H. Breese, William Seibel, John Peter Perentesis
Journal: Blood (2018)
ARE PATIENTS WITH END-STAGE LIVER DISEASE MAXIMALLY VASODILATED? INSIGHTS FROM RUBIDIUM-82 PET DILATORY PERFUSION
Authors: Ahmed Hamad Aljizeeri, Mousa AlaliAlfaris, Dalia Ahmed, Jabir Farea, Awadelkarim Elneama, Ihab Suliman, Amjad Ahmed, Mohsen Alharthi, Ahmed Alsaileek, Mouaz Al-Mallah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Lookalike and soundalike drugs: a potential cause of cutaneous adverse reactions to drugs
Authors: C. Cassius, C.J. Davis, P. Bravard, D. Carre‐Gislard, P. Modiano, B. Lebrun‐Vignes, S. Ingen‐Housz‐Oro, O. Chosidow
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) are the most frequent adverse reactions to drugs, with incidence ranging from 1% to 3%.Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) to drugs are associated with mortality and drug-development challenges. 1 A contributor to dispensing errors are look-alike and sound-alike (LASA) drug names.Approximately a quarter of medication errors are the result of orthographic (look-alike) and phonetic (sound-alike) similarity between drug names. 2We investigated CADRs due to erroneous substitution of LASA medicines.We also present a systematic