tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 08: Heterogeneity in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Prevalence Among Whites, African Americans, African Immigrants and Afro-Caribbeans: Insights From the 2010-2018 National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Diana Baptiste, Ruth-Alma N Turkson-Ocran, Oluwabunmi Ogungbe, Binu Koirala, Lucine Francis, Erin Spaulding, Cheryl Dennison Himmlefarb, Yvonne Commodore-Mensah
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the U.S. Blacks are disproportionately affected by CVD risk factors, compared to whites. However, Blacks are not monolithic and include the following ethnic groups; African Americans (AAs), African Immigrants (AIs), and Afro-Caribbeans (ACs). It is unclear how AIs and ACs compare to their AA counterparts and Whites with respect to CVD risk factors. Objective: To examine trends in CVD risk factors among three Black ethnic groups in comparison to whites between 2010-2018. Methods: A comparative analysis of the National Health Interview Survey was conducted among N=452,997 participants, examining sociodemographic data and trends in self-reported CVD risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, overweight/obesity, and smoking). Generalized linear models with a Poisson distribution were used to obtain the respective predictive probabilities of CVD risk factors. Results: The sample included 82,835 Blacks (89% AAs, 5% AIs and 6% ACs) and 370,362 whites. AIs were the youngest with mean age of 40.8 years and were less likely to be insured (76%) compared to whites (91%) and AAs (83%) ( p =&lt;0.001). ACs (23%) were more likely be college-educated than AAs (17%) but not AIs (36%) or whites (32%), (p=&lt;0.001). AIs had the lowest age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of all four CVD risk factors. There were disparities (among AAs) and advantages (among AIs and ACs) in CVD risk factors. ( Figure) . Overweight/obesity and diabetes prevalence was increasing in AAs and whites ( p -values for trend&lt;0.001). Smoking prevalence was highest in whites and AAs compared to AIs and ACs but the prevalence decreased significantly between 2010-2018 ( p -values for trend&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Our results have shown significant heterogeneity in CVD risk factors among three Black ethnic groups compared to whites. These findings suggest that race alone does not account for health disparities in CVD risk factors. Environmental, psychological, and social factors may play a larger role in CVD risk.
Abstract P504: Quality Validation Of Different ECG Leads, And An Automatic P-wave Detection Algorithm For Af, Based On Real-world Data
Authors: Magnus Samuelsson, Åke Olsson
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Single-lead ECG has shown in research to be affected by artifacts leading to lower diagnostic yield of Atrial Fibrillation (AF). Use of multiple ECG leads and algorithms for detection of AF has shown to increase detection accuracy and reduce false positives. Methods: A novel RR- and P-wave based automatic algorithm implemented in the 2-lead Coala Heart Monitor (Coala) was evaluated for detection accuracy and quality by the comparison to blinded manual ECG interpretation. Evaluation was conducted on 100 consecutive anonymous printouts of chest- and thumb-ECG waveforms, where both an irregular RR-rhythm and strong P-waves in either chest or thumb recording were detected.The recordings, without exclusions, were generated from 5,512 real-world data recordings from actual Coala users in Sweden (both OTC and Rx users) during the period of March 5 to March 22, 2019, with no control or influence by the researchers or any other organization or individual. The prevalence of cardiac conditions in the user population was unknown. The blinded recordings were each manually interpreted and assessed for quality by a trained cardiologist. The manual interpretation was compared with the automatic analysis performed by the cloud-based detection algorithm to determine the detection quality of the respective ECG leads. Results: Strong P-waves were detected more often in the chest ECG as compared to the thumb ECG (90 vs 32 recordings). The assessed quality of the ECG tracings was higher in the chest ECGs as compared to the thumb ECGs (4.61 vs 3.88). Irregular RR-rhythms were detected in 569 recordings (10 % of a total of 5,512 recordings), the 100 non-AF recordings containing both irregular RR-rhythms and strong P-waves thus constituted 18% of all recordings with irregular RR-rhythms. Non-pathological rhythm (normal) was present in 84% of the recordings although all of these recordings contained irregular rhythm disturbances (respiratory sinus arrhythmia, PAC/PVC etc). Respiratory sinus arrhythmia was the single most prevalent condition and found in 47% of the recordings with irregular RR-rhythms with strong detected P-waves. Conclusion: The combination of chest and thumb ECG for detection of AF by an automatic P-wave based algorithm is shown to be more than 300% superior to thumb ECG alone with the majority of automatically detected P-waves and highest assessed ECG quality in the chest recordings.
Abstract P345: Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Screening via Machine Learning for Young Adults
Authors: Gen-min Lin
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: A use of conventional 12-lead electrocardiographic (ECG) criteria and machine learning for the ECG parameters to identify the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is estimated 20%-30% in the general population. We developed an ECG system with simple anthropometric data using machine learning to increase the sensitivity in screening for LVH. Methods: In a large sample of 2,196 males, aged 17-45 years, the support vector machine (SVM) classifier with linear kernel is used as the machine learning method for 31 characteristics including age, body height, and body weight in addition to 28 ECG parameters such as axes, intervals and voltages to link the output of LVH. The diagnosis of LVH is based on the echocardiographic criteria for young adult males as 116 g/m 2 (left ventricular mass (LVM)/body surface area) or 49 g/m 2.7 (LVM/body height 2.7 ). The samples are divided into a training/validation set and a test set. By applying the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) in pre-processing of training data, the imbalance in sample size between the Non-LVH and LVH cases can be solved. Results: For the test set with 440 cases, average accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, precision and F 1 score are 76.1%, 75.1%, 92.6%, 19.5% and 32.3%, respectively. The AUCs of ROC and PR curves are 0.871 and 0.272, respectively. To compare with the Cornell and Sokolow-Lyon voltage criteria as shown in Fig.1, all data of the 2,196 young males are also tested in the model. With the specificity of 73.3%, our SVM technique provides much better sensitivity 86.7% compared to 3.3% and 52.7% for the Cornell and Sokolow-Lyon voltage criteria, respectively. The body height and body weight are the most important factors among the 31 features in our SVM model. Conclusions: We provide a novel screening tool using simple anthropometrics and several ECG data to identify LVH in young adults and improves much in sensitivity as compared with the conventional ECG criteria or using machine learning for ECG data alone to identify LVH.
A new perspective of triptolide-associated hepatotoxicity: the relevance of NF- B and NF- B-mediated cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein
Authors: Ziqiao Yuan, Zihang Yuan, Muhammad Hasnat, Haoran Zhang, Peishi Liang, Lixin Sun, Zhenzhou Jiang, Luyong Zhang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2020)

Previously, we proposed a new perspective of triptolide (TP)-associated hepatotoxicity: liver hypersensitivity upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. However, the mechanisms for TP/LPS-induced hepatotoxicity remained elusive. The present study aimed to clarify the role of LPS in TP/LPS-induced hepatotoxicity and the mechanism by which TP induces liver hypersensitivity upon LPS stimulation. TNF-α inhibitor, etanercept, was injected intraperitoneally into mice to investigate whether induction of TNF-α by LPS participated in the liver injury induced by TP/LPS co-treatment. Mice and hepatocytes pretreated with TP were stimulated with recombinant TNF-α to assess the function of TNF-α in TP/LPS co-treatment. Additionally, time-dependent NF-κB activation and NF-κB-mediated pro-survival signals were measured in vivo and in vitro. Finally, overexpression of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (FLIP), the most potent NF-κB-mediated pro-survival protein, was measured in vivo and in vitro to assess its function in TP/LPS-induced hepatotoxicity. Etanercept counteracted the toxic reactions induced by TP/LPS. TP-treatment sensitized mice and hepatocytes to TNF-α, revealing the role of TNF-α in TP/LPS-induced hepatotoxicity. Mechanistic studies revealed that TP inhibited NF-κB dependent pro-survival signals, especially FLIP, induced by LPS/TNF-α. Moreover, overexpression of FLIP alleviated TP/LPS-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo and TP/TNF-α-induced apoptosis in vitro. Mice and hepatocytes treated with TP were sensitive to TNF-α, which was released from LPS-stimulated immune cells. These and other results show that the TP-induced inhibition of NF-κB-dependent transcriptional activity and FLIP production are responsible for liver hypersensitivity.
AB0083 Takayasu arteritis with bilateral renal artery stenosis in a 17-year-old girl
Authors: K Aksu, G Keser, V Inal, A Memis, F Oksel, N Hizli, Y Kabasakal, G Gümüsdis, E Doganavsargil
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Takayasu arteritis, commonly seen in young women, is a large vessel vasculitis, primarily affecting aorta and its major branches. Hypertension frequently accompanies Takayasu arteritis and in approximately 75% of the cases it is due to renal artery involvement, causing stenosis. Hereby, we report a 17-year-old girl with Takayasu arteritis, having bilateral renal artery stenosis, with unilateral atrophic and afunctional kidney. This patient, who was diagnosed as Takayasu arteritis 3 years ago, with typical physical findings such as absent upper extremity peripheric pulses and classical angiographical findings involving arcus aorta and its major arteries, has been referred to our rheumatology department because of uncontrolled hypertension. Renal Doppler ultrasound studies and angiography revealed bilateral renal artery stenosis with atrophic right kidney. Successful angioplasty, followed by stent replacement corrected the stenosis in the left renal artery. However, the stenosis in the right renal artery involved a longer segment and angioplasty or stent replacement was not possible. From technical point of view, there was no way for surgical bypass for the stenosis in the right renal artery. Furthermore, no function was observed in the right kidney during renal scintigraphy. Nephrectomy of the right kidney was planned, but it was not accepted by the patient. Since the left renal artery stenosis was corrected, renovascular hypertension maintained by the right renal artery stenosis was treated successfully by captopril and the patient was closely monitored with respect to renal function tests. In conclusion, renal artery stenosis should always be kept in mind in Takayasu arteritis with hypertension. <h3>Objectives</h3> <h3>Methods</h3> <h3>Results</h3> <h3>Conclusion</h3>
Overexpression of claudin-11 decreases the invasive potential of bladder cancer cells <i>in vitro</i>, but has no effect on their electrical resistance
Authors: N. S. Awsare, T. A. Martin, H. G. Kynaston, R. E. Mansel, P. N. Matthews, W. G. Jiang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

21038 Background: An increasing body of evidence suggests that tight junctions (TJ) play an important role in invasion and metastasis. Claudins (Cl), a group of integral membrane proteins play an important role in maintaining TJ structure and function. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been shown to disrupt TJ structure. We investigated the effect of forced overexpression of Cl-11 on TJ function and invasive potential of T24 bladder cancer cells, in response to HGF. Methods: Expression of Cl-11 in bladder cancer cells was determined by RT-PCR. Cl-11 expression construct was made from full length human Cl-11 obtained from normal human cDNA bank, using pcDNA 3.1/ NT-GFP-TOPO expression vector. T24 cells were transfected with the resultant expression cassette (T24 Cl-11 ) or an empty plasmid control (T24 GFP ). Change in TJ function of stably transfected cells was assessed by trans-urothelial resistance (TUR). In- vitro matrigel adhesion and invasion assays were used to determine the malignant potential of the cells. Cells were treated with HGF at 50 ng/ml for TUR and invasion assay. Immunofluorescence was used to localise Cl-11 within the cell. Results: Successful transfection of T24 cells was confirmed by endogenous GFP fluorescence and by an enhanced Cl-11 mRNA signal in T24 Cl-11 compared to wild- type (T24 WT ) or T24 GFP . There was no difference in TUR between the three cell types. Adhesion was significantly higher in T24 Cl-11 than in T24 GFP [median (IQR); 0.11 (0.096–0.137) vs 0.095 (0.089- 0.115), p=0.045]. T24 Cl-11 cells had significantly reduced invasiveness in response to HGF, compared to T24 GFP [mean (95% CI); 2.4 (1.8–3.01) vs 3.31 (2.89–3.71), p=0.032]. Immunoflourescence staining with Cl-11 showed redistribution of Cl-11 protein to the cytoplasm and perinuclear regions. Conclusion: Cl-11does not appear to be involved in the TJ function in T24 bladder cancer cells; however, its cytoplasmic location and its effect on the metastatic potential of these cells suggests that it may have a role in modulating the cytoskeletal or signalling network of the cell. Further studies are required to elucidate the exact mechanisms involved. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract P312: Association Between Religious Attendance And Obesity In African American And Afro-Caribbean Men
Authors: Debbie Barrington
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: The increasing prevalence of obesity continues to be a public health concern in the United States (US). Religiosity, commonly characterized as the frequency of ritualistic practice and attendance at places of worship has been found to provide favorable cardiovascular health impacts including lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels; however, studies on the effect of religiosity on obesity have been mixed. Furthermore, national surveys have shown obesity prevalence to differ by ethnicity; foreign-born blacks have lower rates of obesity compared to US-born blacks. Research on a potential ethnic interaction on the impact of religious attendance on obesity has also been limited. Hypothesis: It is hypothesized that the association between religious attendance and obesity in black Americans may differ by ethnicity. Methods: Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association between religious attendance and obesity for African American (N = 1208) and Afro-Caribbean men (N = 628), 18 years and older, in the National Survey of American Life (2001-2003). Odds ratios (OR) of the association between religious attendance and adult obesity were estimated after adjusting for age, socioeconomic measures, health and lifestyle measures within regression models stratified by ethnicity. Results: The overall prevalence of obesity was 29.15% among African American men and 19.74% among Afro-Caribbean men. The prevalence of obesity among those who attended church weekly or more than weekly was 33.48% for African American men and 13.36% for Afro-Caribbean men. Afro-Caribbean men who attended church weekly or more than weekly had 48% lower odds of obesity than men who attended church less than weekly; age-adjusted OR = 0.52; 95%CI: (0.28, 0.98). The protective association of church attendance remained for Afro-Caribbean men after additionally adjusting for socioeconomic, health and lifestyle factors; adjusted OR = 0.40; 95%CI: (0.23, 0.67). No significant association between religious attendance and obesity was found for African American men. Conclusions: These findings suggest that religious attendance may be a protective factor for obesity among Afro-Caribbean men in the US. Since the prevalence of obesity among the foreign-born increases with length of US residency, religiosity may curb cardiovascular risk by lowering their body mass index trajectories across the life course.
Abstract P344: Comparison of Visceral Adipose Tissue Measurements in Adolescents Between Magnetic Resonance Imaging and DXA
Authors: Chelsea L Kracht, Peter T Katzmarzyk, Amanda E Staiano
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Excess Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) is linked to cardiometabolic risk in adolescents. VAT is mainly measured using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), yet dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is more affordable and available. The purpose was to compare VAT from MRI and DXA in adolescents. Methods: Adolescents 10-16 years of age were recruited. Abdominal MRI was performed using a General Electric (GE) Signal Excite scanner (3.0 Tesla; GE Medical Systems) with IDEAL-IQ imaging software. A series of scans between specific points on the liver and kidney were conducted. A trained technician manually drew VAT and used additional calculations to determine VAT volume (L). A whole-body DXA (GE iDXA scanner) was performed and software calculated VAT within the android region. Paired samples t-tests were used to determine differences between VAT values, within sex, race (White, African American, and Other race), and BMI categories (normal, overweight, and obese). VAT values were standardized to a mean of zero and unit standard deviation and compared with a Bland Altman plot. Results: A total of 330 adolescents participated. The mean age was 12.6±1.9 years, and the sample was 52.3% female, 58.5% White, 14.7% overweight (14.7%), and 33.5% obese. Average VAT from MRI (0.58±0.47 L) and DXA (0.35±0.41 L) significantly differed ( p =0.001). The error and absolute error were -0.23 ±0.20 L and 0.23±0.20 L respectively, with DXA measuring lower than MRI. DXA values were significantly lower from MRI values for each sex, race, and BMI categories ( p &lt;0.01 for all). DXA values were closest to MRI values in African American adolescents (-0.14 ±0.20 L) and furthest away for those who had overweight (-0.31±0.17 L). All standardized values fell within ±1.96 standard deviations (Figure 1). Conclusions: In this sample, DXA measured VAT values were consistently lower overall and in subgroups compared to MRI. In general, DXA values were not comparable to MRI values.
Abstract MP58: Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Events Prediction Using Machine Learning Models: Results From Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Trial
Authors: WENJUN FAN
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: The AHA/ACC published a pooled cohort 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk calculator to estimate the probability of initial ASCVD events based on statistical modeling. Our current study aimed to develop machine-learning models with the identical predictors among T2DM patients from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial and further compared their performance in predicting composite outcome of myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke and cardiovascular death. Methods: The guideline risk calculator provided 9 predictors including baseline age, gender, race, SBP, antihypertensive medication use, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, current smoking status and diabetes mellitus status. We developed three ML ASCVD Risk Calculators based on Linear Model (LM), Supporting Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms using 10-year follow-up data from ACCORD with the same 9 predictors. T2DM patients with prior ASCVD or with invalid follow-up time were excluded in our analysis. Those who had not experienced the composite outcome by the end of year 10 would be labeled as censored. 5-fold stratified random split was applied as a cross-validation strategy. Results: A total of 6581 T2DM participants were included in our final sample, with a mean age of 62.9±5.9 years old (range 51-79 yr), 44.1% female and 60.8% white. Among those, 12.2% (n=802) had developed composite ASCVD during a median follow up of 9.1 years. The performance AHA/ACC 10-year Risk Calculator was modest with AUC=0.604. In contrast, ML models showed better performance from validation data with LM AUC=0.854, SVM AUC=0.848, and RF AUC=0.866 (Figure). Conclusion: The ML ASCVD Risk Calculator outperforms the AHA/ACC pooled 10-year ASCVD risk calculator in predicting the composite ASCVD outcomes among those with DM from ACCORD trial. Future studies need to validate ML algorithms in other cohorts and further explore other potential valuable predictors.
Switching from one infliximab biosimilar (CT‐P13) to another infliximab biosimilar (SB2) in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis
Authors: P. Gisondi, C. Virga, S. Piaserico, A. Meneguzzo, G. Odorici, A. Conti, G. Girolomoni
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)
Abstract P481: Early Recognition of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF): Ventricular Elastance as a Predictive Marker for Prevention and Treatment
Authors: Carolyn L Lekavich, William E Kraus
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is the most common type of heart failure, carries a 50% mortality rate within 3 years of diagnosis with evidence to support early lifestyle behavioral modification as beneficial. Developing an understanding of markers that identify patients early, promotes early recognition and treatment. Objective: Use of a predictive marker, ventricular elastance, enables early identification of patients at-risk for HFpEF. Methods: Patients previously diagnosed with HFpEF were retrospectively identified. Through case-control and hierarchical linear regression modeling, biomarkers were identified that preceded the onset of HFpEF. Using Cox regression, we conducted a survival analysis to determine time to onset of HFpEF for each biomarker. Using repeated measures logistic regression, continuous variables were tested for interval progression toward disease onset, controlling for co-variates: age, race and sex. Results: Through retrospective analysis, 251 patients and 775 echocardiograms spanning nearly 20 years were identified. Through mixed linear regression, for the entire model, 7 biomarkers were identified as statistically significant and 1 biomarker, ventricular elastance (Ees), progressively increased leading to the time of HFpEF hospitalization. Conclusion: This study provides the methodology for testing a predictive marker, ventricular elastance, that enables early recognition of HFpEF.