tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 229: Non-invasive, Patient-specific Assessment of LVAD Modeled With Consideration of LV Ejection and Function
Authors: Huidan (Whitney) Yu, Anurag Deb, Monsurul Khan, Rou Chen, Yang Yang, I-Wen Wang
Journal: Circulation Research (2018)

The use of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is a proven therapy for end-stage heart failure either as bridge-to-transplant or destination therapy. The improvement of LVADs with greater reliability, durability, and miniaturization require corresponding innovations in surgical techniques to fully realize the better clinical outcomes, shorter length of stay, and lower cost to the health care system. One key direction in surgical advancement is the minimally invasive implantation techniques. Traditional LVAD implantation is most often performed with full sternotomy and anastomosis of the outflow graft (OG) to ascending aorta. Minimally invasive techniques will require the option of potential OG anastomosis to other arterial sites such as axillary artery or descending aorta. The consideration of a patient’s initial native cardiac function and subsequent evolution on LVAD support becomes more critical. This research objective of this work is to fill in a GAP between a critical need for clinical guidelines of optimal LVAD implant and a reliable pre-surgical assessment that is patient-specific and noninvasive. We present a parametric study using image-based computational modeling and analysis, Fig 1 (a), to non-invasively assess the blood supply to upper/low body through 15 combinations between LVAD pumping and native LV ejection (b). The flow and kinetic energy distribution from ascending aorta to upper/low body are shown in (c) and (d) respectively. It is found that more LV ejection results in more flow and kinetic energy going to the upper body. The variability of LVAD flow and delivery of kinetic energy has impact on end-organ perfusion and should be addressed in future optimization of LVAD implantation.
THE EFFECT OF ABDOMINAL OBESITY ON CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION AND DISEASE: A POPULATION BASED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING STUDY OF THE UK BIOBANK
Authors: Max Johan Pieter Van Hout, Ilona A. Dekkers, Jos J.M. Westenberg, Martin Schalij, Arthur Scholte, Hildo Lamb
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
NOT YOUR TYPICAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: AN UNUSUAL PRESENTATION BY AN EXTRAORDINARILY RARE MALIGNANCY
Authors: Matthew McDiarmid, Dhruv Chawla, Tonga Nfor, Rahul Sawlani, Arshad Jahangir, A. Jamil Tajik, John Crouch
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Depletion of PD-1-positive cells ameliorates autoimmune disease
Authors: Peng Zhao, Peng Wang, Shuyun Dong, Zemin Zhou, Yanguang Cao, Hideo Yagita, Xiao He, Song Guo Zheng, Simon J. Fisher, Robert S. Fujinami, Mingnan Chen
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2019)
Development and Validation of a Multivariable Lung Cancer Risk Prediction Model That Includes Low-Dose Computed Tomography Screening Results
Authors: Martin C. Tammemägi, Kevin ten Haaf, Iakovos Toumazis, Chung Yin Kong, Summer S. Han, Jihyoun Jeon, John Commins, Thomas Riley, Rafael Meza
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

Low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screening is most effective when applied to high-risk individuals.To develop and validate a risk prediction model that incorporates low-dose computed tomography screening results.A logistic regression risk model was developed in National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) Lung Screening Study (LSS) data and was validated in NLST American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ACRIN) data. The NLST was a randomized clinical trial that recruited participants between August 2002 and April 2004, with follow-up to December 31, 2009. This secondary analysis of data from the NLST took place between August 10, 2013, and November 1, 2018. Included were LSS (n = 14 576) and ACRIN (n = 7653) participants who had 3 screens, adequate follow-up, and complete predictor information.Incident lung cancers occurring 1 to 4 years after the third screen (202 LSS and 96 ACRIN). Predictors included scores from the validated PLCOm2012 risk model and Lung CT Screening Reporting & Data System (Lung-RADS) screening results.Overall, the mean (SD) age of 22 229 participants was 61.3 (5.0) years, 59.3% were male, and 90.9% were of non-Hispanic white race/ethnicity. During follow-up, 298 lung cancers were diagnosed in 22 229 individuals (1.3%). Eight result combinations were pooled into 4 groups based on similar associations. Adjusted for PLCOm2012 risks, compared with participants with 3 negative screens, participants with 1 positive screen and last negative had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.93 (95% CI, 1.34-2.76), and participants with 2 positive screens with last negative or 2 negative screens with last positive had an OR of 2.66 (95% CI, 1.60-4.43); when 2 or more screens were positive with last positive, the OR was 8.97 (95% CI, 5.76-13.97). In ACRIN validation data, the model that included PLCOm2012 scores and screening results (PLCO2012results) demonstrated significantly greater discrimination (area under the curve, 0.761; 95% CI, 0.716-0.799) than when screening results were excluded (PLCOm2012) (area under the curve, 0.687; 95% CI, 0.645-0.728) (P < .001). In ACRIN validation data, PLCO2012results demonstrated good calibration. Individuals who had initial negative scans but elevated PLCOm2012 six-year risks of at least 2.6% did not have risks decline below the 1.5% screening eligibility criterion when subsequent screens were negative.According to this analysis, some individuals with elevated risk scores who have negative initial screens remain at elevated risks, warranting annual screening. Positive screens seem to increase baseline risk scores and may identify high-risk individuals for continued screening and enrollment into clinical trials.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00047385.
PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF THE PARIS RISK SCORE IN ALL-COMERS PATIENTS UNDERGOING PCI WITH DRUG ELUTING STENTS: EXTERNAL VALIDATION IN THE GLOBAL LEADERS STUDY
Authors: Ply Chichareon, Usman Baber, Rodrigo Modolo, Chun-Chin Chang, Norihiro Kogame, Kuniaki Takahashi, Mariusz Tomaniak, Yuki Katagiri, Salvatore Curello, Gavin Galasko, Gregor Leibundgut, Victor Umans, Guy Friedrich, Tim Seidler, Ernest Spitzer, Yoshinobu Onuma, Philippe Steg, Christian Hamm, Peter Jüni, Pascal Vranckx, Marco Valgimigli, Stephan Windecker, David van Klaveren, Roxana Mehran, Patrick Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
NHS must support older doctors to counter drive to early retirement, says BMA
Authors: Harriet Pike
Journal: BMJ (2019)

The NHS must make it easier for older doctors to continue working to help retain their skills and experience, says the BMA in a report.1

It warns that a significant portion of the NHS workforce is considering retirement and recommends that employers do more to support older doctors through flexible working arrangements and by removing barriers that discourage older doctors from continuing to work in the health service.

“Many experienced older doctors are finding that working in today’s NHS is too taxing on their work-life balance, health, and wellbeing, particularly as they age, causing some to seek early retirement,” said …
EFFECT OF OMECAMTIV MECARBIL IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND HEART FAILURE WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION: RESULTS FROM COSMIC-HF
Authors: John R. Teerlink, G. Michael Felker, John McMurray, Scott Solomon, John Cleland, Steven Goldsmith, Christopher Kurtz, Gustavo Buchele, Jason Legg, Fady Malik, Narimon Honarpour
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Arterial “inflammaging” drives vascular calcification in children on dialysis
Authors: Pilar Sanchis, Chin Yee Ho, Yiwen Liu, Leilani E. Beltran, Sadia Ahmad, Anne P. Jacob, Malgorzata Furmanik, Joanne Laycock, David A. Long, Rukshana Shroff, Catherine M. Shanahan
Journal: Kidney International (2019)

Children on dialysis have a cardiovascular mortality risk equivalent to older adults in the general population, and rapidly develop medial vascular calcification, an age-associated pathology. We hypothesized that premature vascular ageing contributes to calcification in children with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Vessels from children with Stage 5 CKD with and without dialysis had evidence of increased oxidative DNA damage. The senescence markers p16 and p21 were also increased in vessels from children on dialysis. Treatment of vessel rings ex vivo with calcifying media increased oxidative DNA damage in vessels from children with Stage 5 CKD, but not in those from healthy controls. Vascular smooth muscle cells cultured from children on dialysis exhibited persistent DNA damage, impaired DNA damage repair, and accelerated senescence. Under calcifying conditions vascular smooth muscle cells from children on dialysis showed increased osteogenic differentiation and calcification. These changes correlated with activation of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), an inflammatory phenotype characterized by the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Blockade of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-mediated DNA damage signaling reduced both inflammation and calcification. Clinically, children on dialysis had elevated circulating levels of osteogenic SASP factors that correlated with increased vascular stiffness and coronary artery calcification. These data imply that dysregulated mineral metabolism drives vascular "inflammaging" by promoting oxidative DNA damage, premature senescence, and activation of a pro-inflammatory SASP. Drugs that target DNA damage signaling or eliminate senescent cells may have the potential to prevent vascular calcification in patients with advanced CKD.Graphical abstract
One-session combined technique for a recurrent rectal polyp: submucosal dissection and endoscopic full-thickness resection
Authors: Stefania Ghersi, Marco Bassi, Stefano Landi, Cecilia Binda, Emanuele Dabizzi, Vincenzo Cennamo
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

The advent of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) have changed the treatment scenario for recurrent polyps, which represented one of the bigger challenges for endoscopists when endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) was the only available technique. However, these two techniques have some limits: high grade fibrosis may reduce the possibility of performing ESD and increase the risk of perforation [1] [2], while the size, thickness, and rigidity of the lesion, the mobility of the wall, and the location and grade of fibrosis may limit EFTR [3] [4]. Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of a single-session combined technique performing ESD and EFTR for adenomatous recurrence in the rectum.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN CARDIAC CHAMBER SIZE, FUNCTION, AND REMODELING FOLLOWING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Diego Medvedofsky, Tatsuya Miyoshi, Toby Rogers, Gai Jiaxiang, Itsik Ben-Dor, Lowell Satler, Rebecca Torguson, Ron Waksman, Federico Asch
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
CORONARY MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH ADVANCED CORONARY PLAQUE CHARACTERISTICS IN PATIENTS WITH EARLY CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Shigeo Godo, Michel Corban, Takumi Toya, Rajiv Gulati, Lilach Lerman, Amir Lerman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
VARIATIONS IN UTILIZATION OF INVASIVE CARDIAC PROCEDURES ACCORDING TO HOSPITAL CARDIAC FACILITIES STATUS IN MANAGEMENT OF NON-ST ELEVATION ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Authors: Muhammad Rashid, Evangelos Kontopantelis, Tim Kinnaird, Nick Curzen, Chris Gale, Mohamed Mohamed, Jessica Potts, Chun Shing Kwok, Justin Zaman, Adam Timmis, Mamas A. Mamas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION ASSOCIATES WITH ARTERIAL INFLAMMATION: POSSIBLE MEDIATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK
Authors: Shady Abohashem, Michael T. Osborne, Azar Radfar, Tomas Patrich, Nicki Naddaf, Brian Tung, Blake Oberfeld, James Jaffer, Parastou Ghazi, Tawseef Dar, Laura O'Halloran, Ahmed Tawakol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Abstract 18874: Intravenous Systemic Infusion of Nanoparticles, Including Prostaglandini2 Recepter Agonist, Improves Pulmonary Hypertension Specifically Acting on Injured Lung By Inhibitting Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation in a Rat Model of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Tomomitsu Kanaya, Shigeru Miyagawa, Takayoshi Ueno, Koichi Toda, Toru Kuratani, Yoshiki Sawa
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening disease in which appropriate drugs or an efficient delivery system may be crucial for clinical effectiveness. Nanoparticles...
The Integrated Glasgow Prognostic- and Cytogenetic Risk Score (CytoGPS) at Diagnosis Is a Strong and Independent Predictor of Survival in Transplant-Eligible Patients with Multiple Myelom
Authors: Hanno Maximilian Witte, Harald Biersack, Armin Riecke, Bastian Bonorden, Svenja Kopelke, Hartmut Merz, Veronica Bernard, Hendrik Lehnert, Miriam Kull, Sebastian Fetscher, Niklas Gebauer
Journal: Blood (2018)
Abstract 402: Exclusion of Major Cell Types in the Murine Heart Enriches for Cardiac Pericytes
Authors: Shuin Park, Justin Langerman, Reza Ardehali
Journal: Circulation Research (2018)

Cardiac fibrosis is one of the multitude of cardiac pathologies that occur in the event of acute myocardial injury and heart failure. Formation of scar tissue in the myocardium results in disrupted cardiomyocyte gap junction networks and reduced cardiac contractility. Cardiac pericytes are a heterogeneous population of mural cells that have been attributed to having a pro-fibrotic role in injury. However, due to the lack of specific markers for this cell, there has been difficulty in properly characterizing this population. We aimed to conduct single cell RNA-sequencing on this population to discover novel markers for cardiac pericytes and identify pro-fibrotic subpopulations that promote perivascular fibrosis. To avoid using current markers for cardiac pericytes, which lack specificity, we utilized an exclusion-based approach to enrich for the cardiac pericyte population in an unbiased manner. Using a combination of transgenic mice (αMHC GFP/+ ;Col1a1 GFP/+ ) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), we excluded all major cardiac cell types, including cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, hematopoietic cells, smooth muscle cells, and cardiac neurons. We used Drop-sequencing technology to capture single cells and conducted RNA-sequencing. Cardiomyocytes (isolated by Langendorff), fibroblasts (FACS sorted Col1a1 + cells), endothelial cells (FACS sorted CD31 + cells), and smooth muscle cells (isolated from murine aortas) were also subjected to single-cell RNA-sequencing for comparison of gene expression profiles. Cells collected by the exclusion-based approach exhibited high expression of known pericyte markers and low expression of markers for other cell types. The t-SNE plots of all the populations revealed that the majority of cardiac pericytes shared similar gene expression profiles with smooth muscle cells while some cells clustered closer with fibroblasts. The use of an unbiased exclusion-based approach, coupled with single cell RNA-sequencing, allows for the identification of unique subpopulations of cardiac pericytes. Further investigation as to the functional roles of these cells will uncover potential therapeutic targets for treating cardiac fibrosis.
INITIATION OF A PULMONARY EMBOLISM RESPONSE TEAM: A QUALITY ASSURANCE INITIATIVE IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
Authors: Colin Wright, Ayman Elbadawi, Yu Lin Chen, Dhwani Patel, Joseph Delehanty, Justin Mazzillo, Anthony Pietropaoli, Igor Gosev, Scott Cameron
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Female genital mutilation: empirical evidence supports concerns about statistics and safeguarding
Authors: Saffron Karlsen, Magda Mogilnicka, Natasha Carver, Christina Pantazis
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Findings from our recent work with Somali families living in Bristol1 provide empirical support for the concerns raised by Creighton and colleagues about the UK’s response to female genital mutilation (FGM).2 Focus group discussions documented the myriad ways in which approaches to safeguarding against FGM—whether provided in healthcare, through children’s schools, or particularly through the heavy handed approaches of social services and police conducting …
Retired paediatrician can remove his name from medical register against GMC’s wishes
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2019)

A medical practitioners tribunal has allowed a retired consultant paediatrician to remove his own name from the medical register rather than face General Medical Council (GMC) allegations that he produced an inadequate report into the death of a child who was in the care of doctors he knew.

A public inquiry into hospital deaths from hyponatraemia among children in Northern Ireland found that Robert James Murray Quinn’s report into the death of 17 month old Lucy Crawford had obscured the true cause of death—the incorrect use of low sodium intravenous fluids—and had falsely reassured health authorities that fluid rehydration practices were not an issue of concern.1

Quinn did not work at Erne Hospital in Enniskillen, where Lucy’s care went wrong, but he knew the doctors who cared for her.

John O’Hara QC, who chaired the hyponatraemia inquiry …
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, MYOCARDIAL INJURY, AND SUBSEQUENT CLINICAL EVENTS: A POPULATION WIDE STUDY USING THE 4TH UNIVERSAL DEFINITION OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Anthony Chuang, Sam Lehman, Matthew Horsfall, David Hancock, Dylan Jones, Ehsan Khan, Ryan Bekeris, Lukah Dykes, Derek Chew
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
RESECTION OF ATRIAL APPENDAGES INFLUENCES THE PRODUCTION OF NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES DURING HEART FAILURE, ESPECIALLY AFTER ACUTE FLUID CHALLENGE
Authors: Ricardo Marquez-Velasco, Jorge M. Catrip-Torres, Maria C. Lespron-Robles, Juan Villegas-Juauche, Gheorghe A.M. Pop, Jesus Vargas-Barron
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
COMPARISON OF ORBITAL ATHERECTOMY VERSUS ROTATIONAL ATHERECTOMY FOR THE TREATMENT OF CALCIFIED CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: A META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Sunny Goel, Ravi Teja, Elina Zakin, Srilekha Chava, Abhishek Sharma, Bilal Malik, Sergey Ayzenberg, Robert Frankel, Jacob Shani, Umesh Gidwani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Abstract 429: Intensive Necroptosis Due to Enhanced RIP3-CaMKII Signaling Contributes to Diabetic Myocardial Ischemic Susceptibility
Authors: Han Xue, Chen Li, Zheng Yang, Yishi Wang, Nan Mu, Heng Ma
Journal: Circulation Research (2018)

Diabetes increases the vulnerability of the heart to ischemic injury. Recent advances have shown that necroptosis is crucially involved in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Our objectives were thus to extend our knowledge to whether and how necroptosis renders diabetic hearts more vulnerable to I/R injury, which involves activation of Ca 2+ -calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) by receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3). In this study, diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (40mg/kg, i.v.) and after 6 weeks, anesthetized open-chest diabetic and age-matched control C57 mice were subjected to 30-min regional ischemia (occlusion of LAD coronary artery) followed by 4-h reperfusion. Diabetic animals manifested significantly greater cardiac injury than their littermate controls. Notably, diabetic hearts were sensitized to I/R-induced myocardial necrosis, as evidenced by rise in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and Evans blue dye (EBD) penetration. Notably, compared with control mice, the activation pattern of CaMKII in diabetic hearts subjected to I/R is altered by earlier advanced (60 min after reperfusion) phosphorylation and enhanced oxidation (21.5% increase). Then we proved that inhibition of CaMKII in early stage of I/R could effectively reduce myocardial necroptosis. Further, RIP3 expression and RIP3-CaMKII interaction are markedly enhanced in diabetic hearts during I/R. Inhibition of RIP3 markedly suppresses CaMKII activation and reduces necroptosis. Collectively, these findings identify enhanced RIP3-CaMKII pathway as a key regulator that increases myocardial necroptosis in diabetic I/R hearts.
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION CONFOUNDS REFERRAL TO AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS
Authors: Thomas J. Breen, Edward A. El-Am, Christopher G. Scott, Jeremy J. Thaden, Sorin Pislaru, Patricia Pellikka, Vuyisile T. Nkomo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Effectiveness of Training Therapists to Deliver An Individualized Mental Health Intervention for Children With ASD in Publicly Funded Mental Health Services
Authors: Lauren Brookman-Frazee, Scott Roesch, Colby Chlebowski, Mary Baker-Ericzen, William Ganger
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2019)

Publicly funded mental health services play an important role in addressing co-occurring mental health problems in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, therapists report lacking training to effectively serve this complex population.To test the effectiveness of training community therapists in An Individualized Mental Health Intervention for ASD (AIM HI) on challenging behaviors across 18 months among children with ASD and identify moderators and mediators of any intervention effects.Cluster randomized trial conducted in 29 publicly funded outpatient and school-based mental health programs in southern California from 2012 to 2017. Programs were randomized to receive immediate AIM HI training or provide usual care followed by receipt of AIM HI training. Therapist participants were recruited from enrolled programs, and child participants were recruited from participant therapists' caseloads. Data were analyzed from 202 children with ASD who were aged 5 to 13 years.The AIM HI protocol is a package of parent-mediated and child-focused strategies aimed to reduce challenging behaviors in children with ASD who are 5 to 13 years old. It was designed for delivery in publicly funded mental health services based on a systematic assessment of therapist training needs and child clinical needs. The therapist training and consultation process takes approximately 6 months and includes an introductory workshop, 11 structured consultation meetings as the therapist delivers AIM HI with a current client, and case-specific performance feedback from trainers.Child participants were assessed for challenging behaviors using the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI) and Social Skills Improvement System (SSIS) Competing Problem Behaviors scales based on parent report at baseline and at 6-month intervals for 18 months. Outcomes were analyzed using intent-to-treat models.In total, 202 children with ASD (mean [SD] age, 9.1 [2.4] years; 170 [84.2%] male; 121 [59.9%] Latinx) were eligible, enrolled, and included in the analyses. Statistically significant group by time interactions for the ECBI Intensity (B = -0.38; P = .02) and ECBI Problem (B = -1.00; P = .005) scales were observed, with significantly larger decreases in ECBI Intensity scores in the AIM HI group (B = -1.36; P < .001) relative to the usual care group (B = -0.98; P < .001) and a significantly larger decrease in ECBI Problem scores in the AIM HI group (B = -1.22; P < .001) relative to the usual care group (B = -0.20; P = .29). Therapist fidelity moderated these intervention effects.The present findings support the effectiveness of training therapists to deliver the AIM HI model to children with ASD receiving publicly funded mental health services.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02416323.