tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relationships between Breast Feeding and Breast Cancer Subtypes: Lessons Learned from Studies in Humans and in Mice
Authors: Christine B. Ambrosone, Michael J. Higgins
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract There are differential risk relationships between parity and breast cancer according to estrogen receptor (ER) status, with an increased risk of ER− disease reduced by breastfeeding. This may be particularly relevant for understanding the higher incidence of ER− tumors in Black women, who are more likely to be parous and less likely to breastfeed than other U.S. groups. Potential mechanisms for these relationships may include effects of disordered breast involution on inflammatory milieu in the breast as well as epigenetic reprogramming in the mammary gland, which can affect cell fate decisions in progenitor cell pools. In normal breast tissue, parity has been associated with hypermethylation of FOXA1, a pioneer transcription factor that promotes the luminal phenotype in luminal progenitors, while repressing the basal phenotype. In breast tumors, relationships between FOXA1 methylation and parity were strongest among women who did not breastfeed. Here, we summarize the epidemiologic literature regarding parity, breastfeeding, and breast cancer subtypes, and review potential mechanisms whereby these factors may influence breast carcinogenesis, with a focus on effects on progenitor cell pools in the mammary gland.
Prognostic significance of Foxp3 expression from sentinel and nonsentinel nodes in melanoma
Authors: Hitoe Torisu-Itakura, Young Huynh, Xing Ye, Richard Essner
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

4502  Introduction:  Forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) controls the development and function of CD4+/CD25+ T-regulatory cells (Tregs). The role of Tregs in tolerance or suppression of malignancy is not well understood. Intratumoral accumulation of Tregs was associated with poor survival in ovarian cancer but improved survival in patients with hematologic malignancy. In this study we examined Foxp3 expression levels in tumor-positive and -negative sentinel nodes (SNs) and in non-SNs (NSNs) from patients with early-stage melanoma.  Methods:  RNA was extracted from freshly dissected and preserved tangential cut peripheral tissue sections of 21 tumor-negative SNs, 18 tumor-positive SNs (micrometastases
Immunotactoid glomerulopathy is a rare entity with monoclonal and polyclonal variants
Authors: Samih H. Nasr, Satoru S. Kudose, Samar M. Said, Dominick Santoriello, Mary E. Fidler, Sean R. Williamson, Sibel Erdogan Damgard, Sanjeev Sethi, Nelson Leung, Vivette D. D’Agati, Glen S. Markowitz
Journal: Kidney International (2020)
SARS-CoV-2 Testing in Patients With Cancer Treated at a Tertiary Care Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Anna S. Berghoff, Margaretha Gansterer, Arne C. Bathke, Wolfgang Trutschnig, Philipp Hungerländer, Julia M. Berger, Judith Kreminger, Angelika M. Starzer, Robert Strassl, Ralf Schmidt, Harald Willschke, Wolfgang Lamm, Markus Raderer, Alex D. Gottlieb, Norbert J. Mauser, Matthias Preusser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

To analyze the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with cancer in hospital care after implementation of institutional and governmental safety measurements.
Angiotensin-Neprilysin Inhibition and Renal Outcomes in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Finnian R. Mc Causland, Martin P. Lefkowitz, Brian Claggett, Nagesh S. Anavekar, Michele Senni, Mauro Gori, Pardeep S. Jhund, Martina M. McGrath, Milton Packer, Victor Shi, Dirk J. Van Veldhuisen, Faiez Zannad, Josep Comin-Colet, Marc A. Pfeffer, John J.V. McMurray, Scott D. Solomon
Journal: Circulation (2020)

In patients with heart failure, chronic kidney disease is common and associated with a higher risk of renal events than in patients without chronic kidney disease. We assessed the renal effects of angiotensin/neprilysin inhibition in patients who have heart failure with preserved ejection fraction enrolled in the PARAGON-HF trial (Prospective Comparison of ARNI With ARB Global Outcomes in HF With Preserved Ejection Fraction).In this randomized, double-blind, event-driven trial, we assigned 4822 patients who had heart failure with preserved ejection fraction to receive sacubitril/valsartan (n=2419) or valsartan (n=2403). Herein, we present the results of the prespecified renal composite outcome (time to first occurrence of either: ≥50% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), end-stage renal disease, or death from renal causes), the individual components of this composite, and the influence of therapy on eGFR slope.At randomization, eGFR was 63±19 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2. At study closure, the composite renal outcome occurred in 33 patients (1.4%) assigned to sacubitril/valsartan and 64 patients (2.7%) assigned to valsartan (hazard ratio, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.33-0.77]; P=0.001). The treatment effect on the composite renal end point did not differ according to the baseline eGFR (<60 versus ≥60 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2 (P-interaction=0.92). The decline in eGFR was less for sacubitril/valsartan than for valsartan (-2.0 [95% CI, -2.2 to -1.9] versus -2.7 [95% CI, -2.8 to -2.5] mL·min-1·1.73 m-2 per year).In patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, sacubitril/valsartan reduced the risk of renal events, and slowed decline in eGFR, in comparison with valsartan. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01920711.
Extrachromosomal DNA is associated with oncogene amplification and poor outcome across multiple cancers
Authors: Hoon Kim, Nam-Phuong Nguyen, Kristen Turner, Sihan Wu, Amit D. Gujar, Jens Luebeck, Jihe Liu, Viraj Deshpande, Utkrisht Rajkumar, Sandeep Namburi, Samirkumar B. Amin, Eunhee Yi, Francesca Menghi, Johannes H. Schulte, Anton G. Henssen, Howard Y. Chang, Christine R. Beck, Paul S. Mischel, Vineet Bafna, Roel G. W. Verhaak
Journal: Nature Genetics (2020)
Two-stage Study of Familial Prostate Cancer by Whole-exome Sequencing and Custom Capture Identifies 10 Novel Genes Associated with the Risk of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Daniel J. Schaid, Shannon K. McDonnell, Liesel M. FitzGerald, Lissa DeRycke, Zachary Fogarty, Graham G. Giles, Robert J. MacInnis, Melissa C. Southey, Tu Nguyen-Dumont, Geraldine Cancel-Tassin, Oliver Cussenot, Alice S. Whittemore, Weiva Sieh, Nilah Monnier Ioannidis, Chih-Lin Hsieh, Janet L. Stanford, Johanna Schleutker, Cheryl D. Cropp, John Carpten, Josef Hoegel, Rosalind Eeles, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Michael J. Ackerman, Christopher J. Klein, Diptasri Mandal, Kathleen A. Cooney, Joan E. Bailey-Wilson, Brian Helfand, William J. Catalona, Fredrick Wiklund, Shaun Riska, Saurabh Bahetti, Melissa C. Larson, Lisa Cannon Albright, Craig Teerlink, Jianfeng Xu, William Isaacs, Elaine A. Ostrander, Stephen N. Thibodeau
Journal: European Urology (2020)
Reply to Jonathan Aning, Paul McCoubrie, and Jon Oxley’s Letter to the Editor re: Giorgio Gandaglia, Guillaume Ploussard, Massimo Valerio, et al. The Key Combined Value of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging–targeted and Concomitant Systematic Biopsies for the Prediction of Adverse Pathological Features in Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2020;77:733–41
Authors: Giorgio Gandaglia, Francesco Montorsi, Alberto Briganti
Journal: European Urology (2020)
Genetic ablation of adipocyte PD-L1 reduces tumor growth but accentuates obesity-associated inflammation
Authors: Bogang Wu, Huai-Chin Chiang, Xiujie Sun, Bin Yuan, Payal Mitra, Yanfen Hu, Tyler J Curiel, Rong Li
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

The programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-dependent immune checkpoint attenuates host immunity and maintains self-tolerance. Imbalance between protective immunity and immunopathology due to altered PD-L1 signaling can lead to autoimmunity or tumor immunosuppression. The role of the PD-L1-dependent checkpoint in non-immune system is less reported. We previously found that white adipocytes highly express PD-L1. Here we show that adipocyte-specific PD-L1 knockout mice exhibit enhanced host anti-tumor immunity against mammary tumors and melanoma with low or no tumor PD-L1. However, adipocyte PD-L1 ablation in tumor-free mice also exacerbates diet-induced body weight gain, pro-inflammatory macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, and insulin resistance. Low PD-L1 mRNA levels in human adipose tissue correlate with high body mass index and presence of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, our mouse genetic approach unequivocally demonstrates a cell-autonomous function of adipocyte PD-L1 in promoting tumor growth and inhibiting antitumor immunity. In addition, our work uncovers a previously unrecognized role of adipocyte PD-L1 in mitigating obesity-related inflammation and metabolic dysfunction.
Diagnostic Imaging for Breast Pain
Authors: Colin P. Bergstrom, Neil Keshvani, Suzanne D. Conzen
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Efficacy and safety of antiviral prophylaxis during pregnancy to prevent mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Anna L Funk, Ying Lu, Kyoko Yoshida, Tianshuo Zhao, Pauline Boucheron, Judith van Holten, Roger Chou, Marc Bulterys, Yusuke Shimakawa
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2020)
THU0060 Serum ykl-40 in rheumatoid arthritis: clinical correlations
Authors: M Carrabba, M Chevallard, E Torchiana, PC Sarzi Puttini, S Santandrea, L Boccassini, M Antivalle, G Santalena, MG Marrazza
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> YKL-40 or gpl-39 is a surface glycoprotein of connective tissue cells in particular of monocytes, fibroblasts, synoviocytes and chondrocytes. According to some Authors, being augmented in serum of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and, to a lesser extent, of osteoarthritis (OA) it may correlate with the degree and the speed of cartilage degradation. <h3>Objectives</h3> To better evaluate if this is true or if this marker is mainly an inflammation index, we have investigated a group of RA patients correlating YKL-40 serum values with some of the clinical parameters of the disease most widely used in literature (swollen or painful joint count, HAQ, PCR, Ra-test, ESR, Rx score of the hands, DAS 28). <h3>Methods</h3> We have evaluated 52 consecutive patients (43 F, 9 M) with RA according to the ACR criteria mainly in the 2nd (22) or 3rd (25) functional class of Steinbrocker. Their mean age was 59.7 years (33–86) and the mean disease duration 13.6 years (1–35). The YKL-40 was determined in serum according to the ELISA sandwich method of Harvey <i>et al</i>, 1998 (normal range: 25–95 ng\ml); all the patients (pts) were previously visited and all the parameters listed above measured. Moreover the Rx score of the hands was calculate according to the method of Kaye, 1987, slightly modified. The significance of the correlations were evaluated with the Spearman test. <h3>Results</h3> The mean (± SD) serum values of YKL-40 was 147.84 (± 97.47) ng\ml (normal range: 25–95 ng\ml). The correlations with the parameters listed above were those shown in the following Table 1. Swollen joint count, Rx score and Ra-test showed a still less significant correlation with the marker investigated. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Since YKL-40 in RA serum seems to better correlate with PCR, DAS 28 and painful joint count respectively, in our opinion it behaves more like an activity marker of the disease (perhaps of synovitis) rather than of cartilage degradation as claimed by some Authors. Despite this limitation, further studies are needed to evaluate its potential prognostic activity as predictor of joint lesions in RA. <h3>References</h3> Harvey S, et al. Chondrex: a new marker of joint disease. Clin Chem. 1998;44:509–16 Wollheim FA. Markers of disease in RA. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2000;12:200–4
Conversion of Urine Protein–Creatinine Ratio or Urine Dipstick Protein to Urine Albumin–Creatinine Ratio for Use in Chronic Kidney Disease Screening and Prognosis
Authors: Keiichi Sumida, Girish N. Nadkarni, Morgan E. Grams, Yingying Sang, Shoshana H. Ballew, Josef Coresh, Kunihiro Matsushita, Aditya Surapaneni, Nigel Brunskill, Steve J. Chadban, Alex R. Chang, Massimo Cirillo, Kenn B. Daratha, Ron T. Gansevoort, Amit X. Garg, Licia Iacoviello, Takamasa Kayama, Tsuneo Konta, Csaba P. Kovesdy, James Lash, Brian J. Lee, Rupert W. Major, Marie Metzger, Katsuyuki Miura, David M.J. Naimark, Robert G. Nelson, Simon Sawhney, Nikita Stempniewicz, Mila Tang, Raymond R. Townsend, Jamie P. Traynor, José M. Valdivielso, Jack Wetzels, Kevan R. Polkinghorne, Hiddo J.L. Heerspink
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Measuring albuminuria is the preferred method for defining and staging chronic kidney disease (CKD), but total urine protein or dipstick protein is often measured instead. This analysis presents eq...
THU0054 Reduction of il-18 serum levels in rheumatoid arthritis during short term-treatment with infliximab
Authors: M Bombardieri, V Pittoni, F Conti, FR Spinelli, A Spadaro, V Riccieri, C Alessandri, R Scrivo, G Valesini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> IL-18 is a recently identified cytokine thought to play a role in many autoimmune diseases including RA. Initially known as INFγ-inducing factor, IL-18 was shown to be able to exert its inflammatory actions also upregulating, at least <i>in vitro</i>, other cytokines such as TNFα. It has also been shown that TNFα induces the expression of IL-18 in synovial tissues, an observation which raises the possibility of a positive feedback between these two cytokines. It has recently been demonstrated that TNFα-blocking treatments in RA patients result in the down-regulation of serum levels of other proinflammatory cytokines, thus providing an additional anti-inflammatory effect. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to measure serum IL-18 levels in RA patients treated with monoclonal anti-TNFα antibody (Infliximab) and to evaluate the main clinical and laboratory parameters. <h3>Methods</h3> Ten patients with RA, non responding to DMARDs, were enrolled. Infliximab was administered i.v. at a dose of 3 mg/Kg at baseline, after 2, 6 and 14 weeks. Sera from all patients were collected before each infusion and stored at ?20°C until tested using an enzyme-linked IL-18 assay. Statistical analysis was performed using non parametric methods for paired samples. <h3>Results</h3> Serum IL-18 levels were significantly reduced from baseline value (median/25°-75°percentile 1008/465–1676 pg/ml) after 2 weeks (185/0–1241 pg/ml, p &lt; 0.005), 6 weeks (175/0–644, p &lt; 0.01) and 14 weeks (59/0–437, p &lt; 0.02). No significant decrease was observed between IL-18 levels at 2, 6 and 14 weeks. After 2 weeks ESR (p &lt; 0.005) and CRP (p &lt; 0.02) values were significantly reduced from baseline, while we observed a significant increase in ESR (p &lt; 0.02) and CRP (p &lt; 0.03) values at 6 weeks as against 2 weeks, without any significant change at 14 weeks. There was a significant decrease from baseline in both the number of tender joints (p &lt; 0.02) and the patient global evaluation of disease activity (p &lt; 0.02) at 6 weeks, while no correlation between serum IL-18 levels and clinical/laboratory parameter was found at any time-point. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our results demonstrate that anti-TNFα therapy downregulates serum IL-18 levels already after 2 weeks of treatment and maintains them significantly lower than the baseline at 6 and 14 weeks. Thus, modulation of IL-18 could contribute to the anti-inflammatory actions of TNFα-blocking treatments. Health services, economics and outcome research
Novel Cardiac Biopsy Scoring Tool to Predict Clinical Outcomes in Cardiac Light Chain (AL) Amyloidosis
Authors: Ujjawal H Gandhi, Hanna Von Haefen, Robert Hoffman, Alexandra Ritts, Sharon Phillips, Oluchi Ukaegbu, Samuel Rubinstein, Shelton Lacy Harrell, Stacey A. Goodman, Daniel Lenihan, David Slosky, Rebecca Hung, Robert Frank Cornell
Journal: Blood (2017)
Chemotherapy and COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Justin Jee, Michael B. Foote, Melissa Lumish, Aaron J. Stonestrom, Beatriz Wills, Varun Narendra, Viswatej Avutu, Yonina R. Murciano-Goroff, Jason E. Chan, Andriy Derkach, John Philip, Rimma Belenkaya, Marina Kerpelev, Molly Maloy, Adam Watson, Chris Fong, Yelena Janjigian, Luis A. Diaz, Kelly L. Bolton, Melissa S. Pessin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) mortality is higher in patients with cancer than in the general population, yet the cancer-associated risk factors for COVID-19 adverse outcomes are not fully characterized.
Association between halo nevi and melanoma in adults: A multicenter retrospective case series
Authors: Dylan Haynes, Jennifer L. Strunck, Jordan Said, Idy Tam, Amir Varedi, Christina A. Topham, Brianna Olamiju, Brian M. Wei, Maia K. Erickson, Leo L. Wang, Andrea Tan, Ryan Stoner, Rebecca I. Hartman, Evelyn Lilly, Douglas Grossman, Julia A. Curtis, John S. Westerdahl, Jonathan S. Leventhal, Jennifer N. Choi, Emily Y. Chu, Michael E. Ming, Jennifer A. Stein, Tracey N. Liebman, Elizabeth Berry, Teri M. Greiling
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
SAT0156 Predictors of bone mineral density in healthy males
Authors: A Cetin, Y Gökce-Kutsal, R Celiker
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Osteoporosis (OP) is a growing health problem not only in women but also in men. It is well known that men lose bone during ageing and are at risk for OP, but the risk factors for OP in men remains controversial. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to assess determinants of bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck in healthy males. <h3>Methods</h3> Thirty-seven healthy men aged 43–73 years were included in this study. BMD was measured using dual photon absorptiometry. Predictors of lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD were determined using multiple linear regression analysis. Backward elimination procedure was used to identify variables significantly related to BMD. The independent variables entered the regression model included age, body mass index (BMI), smoking history, alcohol intake, urinary calcium and hydroxyproline, and serum concentrations of osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone, testosterone, growth hormone, and cortisol. <h3>Results</h3> The mean age of the men was 59.8 ± 6.8 years. Mean BMD at the lumbar spine was 0.97 ± 0.10 gr/cm<sup>2</sup> and that of the femoral neck was 0.76 ± 0.06 gr/cm<sup>2</sup>. Backward elimination procedure was used to identify variables significantly related to BMD. The independent variables entered the regression model included age, body mass index (BMI), smoking history, alcohol intake, urinary calcium and hydroxyproline, and serum concentrations of osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone, testosterone, growth hormone, and cortisol. Backward regression analysis indicated that testosterone, cortisol and BMI were significant predictors of BMD at the lumbar spine (R = 0.44, p &lt; 0.05) while testosterone, hydroxyproline and osteocalcin were significant predictors of BMD at the femoral neck (R = 0.20, p &lt; 0.05). Testosterone, cortisol and BMI accounted for 44% of the total variance in lumbar spine BMD, and testosterone, hydroxyproline and osteocalcin accounted for 20% of the total variance in femoral neck BMD. Men with lower BMI had significantly lower bone mass at the lumbar spine (r = 0.43, p &lt; 0.05). In addition, men with lower bone mass at the lumbar spine had significantly higher serum cortisol levels (r = -0.33, p &lt; 0.05). <h3>Conclusion</h3> These observations suggest that testosterone, cortisol and BMI are main determinants of lumbar spine BMD, while testosterone, urinary hydroxyproline and osteocalcin are main determinants of femoral BMD in our group of healthy men.
Astrocyte Reactivity: Subtypes, States, and Functions in CNS Innate Immunity
Authors: Michael V. Sofroniew
Journal: Trends in Immunology (2020)

Astrocytes are neural parenchymal cells that ubiquitously tile the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to playing essential roles in healthy tissue, astrocytes exhibit an evolutionarily ancient response to all CNS insults, referred to as astrocyte reactivity. Long regarded as passive and homogeneous, astrocyte reactivity is being revealed as a heterogeneous and functionally powerful component of mammalian CNS innate immunity. Nevertheless, concepts about what astrocyte reactivity comprises and what it does are incomplete and sometimes controversial. This review discusses the goal of differentiating reactive astrocyte subtypes and states based on composite pictures of molecular expression, cell morphology, cellular interactions, proliferative state, normal functions, and disease-induced dysfunctions. A working model and conceptual framework is presented for characterizing the diversity of astrocyte reactivity.
Neutralizing hepatitis B
Authors: Davide F. Robbiani
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)

Despite an effective vaccine, hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a major public health threat since chronic infection leads to liver disease and cancer. Hehle et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20200840) discovered human-derived antibodies that potently neutralize the virus. Will this help a cure?