tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
What would I want?
Authors: Norman L Beatty
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Advance directives are pre-written instructions specifying the treatment course healthcare workers should take if a patient becomes incapacitated. They are standard of care in the United States, especially for those admitted to the intensive care unit. Each state governs how these instructions are generated and enforced.\[1] When advance directives are not known the patient’s family or “healthcare power of attorney” is consulted. They are asked to make healthcare related decisions for this individual based on the premise, “What would the patient want?”[1\]\[2\]

I recently finished a clerkship in critical care medicine where I was involved in the management of patients whose prognosis was grim. On my first day I observed that establishing each patient’s advance directive was crucial. Critical patients …
Dual flexible endoscopic rendezvous approach for management of a Zenker’s diverticulum with complete esophageal obstruction
Authors: Alessandro Fugazza, Annalisa Cappello, Roberta Maselli, Paul Belletrutti, Alessia Galtieri, Gaia Pellegatta, Alessandro Repici
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Therapy for symptomatic Zenker’s diverticulum has evolved from an open surgical approach to transoral endoscopic techniques using rigid instruments or flexible endoscopes. A recent meta-analysis confirmed that flexible endoscopic myotomy for Zenker’s diverticulum is effective and safe [1]. Complete esophageal obstruction is a rare complication that is caused by fusion of the proximal esophageal lumen with the septum of the Zenker’s diverticulum [2] [3].
Another Treatment Option for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Portal Vein Thrombosis in China
Authors: Lipika Goyal, Motaz Qadan, Andrew X. Zhu
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Re: F. Johannes P. van Valenberg, Andrew M. Hiar, Ellen Wallace, et al. Prospective Validation of an mRNA-based Urine Test for Surveillance of Patients with Bladder Cancer. Eur Urol. 2019; 75,5: 853-860
Authors: Lan Cao, Zhenyu Yang, Bingzhi Wang
Journal: European Urology (2019)
Abstract P3-05-02: Not presented
Authors: JJ Gruber, J Chen, B Geller, N Jager, AM Lipchik, MP Snyder
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Gruber JJ, Chen J, Geller B, Jager N, Lipchik AM, Snyder MP. Not presented [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-05-02.
Abstract P4-06-02: Chemoimmunotherapy with cyclophosphamide plus a toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist eradicates triple negative breast cancer in a murine model
Authors: MJ Campbell, V Tandon, B Senman, J Li, L Esserman
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background. Toll-like receptors (TLR) recognize conserved molecular patterns expressed by microbes and together with other molecular sensors serve as a first line of defense, inducing soluble and cellular mediators of innate immunity and initiating key steps of an adaptive immune response. The use of TLR agonists for therapeutic purposes relies on the ability of these compounds to induce, at least partially, some of the immune events that occur during natural infections. For example, synthetic CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) act as TLR9 agonists, mimicking stimulation of the immune system by bacterial or viral DNA. CpG ODNs are being developed for cancer immunotherapy based on their capacity to stimulate innate and adaptive anti-tumor responses. In this study, we examined the efficacy of intratumorally administered CpG-ODN 1826 alone or in combination with immunomodulatory antibodies (anti-PD-1, anti-OX40, anti-CTLA4) or chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel) in the syngeneic mouse 4T1 breast tumor model. Methods. Tumors were implanted orthotopically in the mammary fat pads on the left and right flanks while only one tumor was injected with CpG-ODN 1826. Therapy began 12-14 days post tumor injection when tumors were 8-10 mm in diameter. CpG-ODN 1826 (100 ug) was administered intratumorally, while immunomodulatory antibodies (anti-PD-1 [200 ug], anti-CTLA4 [100 ug], anti-OX40 [400 ug]) and chemotherapies (cyclophosphamide [150 mg/kg], paclitaxel [10 mg/kg]) were administered intraperitoneally. Tumor volume was monitored on both flanks to assess direct and abscopal/systemic anti-tumor activity. Tumor tissue obtained during the treatment regimen was used to evaluate therapy-induced changes in the immune microenvironment. Results. CpG-ODN 1826, administered intratumorally over 5 consecutive days induced complete regressions in ˜50% of the treated tumors, but only delayed growth in the distant lesions. The immunomodulatory antibodies had little effect on their own and did not add to the therapeutic efficacy of CpG-ODN 1826. The best therapeutic efficacy was obtained with a combination of weekly cyclophosphamide + CpG-ODN 1826 resulting in complete regression of both the CpG injected tumors and the contralateral tumors in 100% of the mice. Conclusions. These data support the clinical investigation of the combination of a TLR9 agonist (CpG-ODN) with cyclophosphamide in women with breast cancer. Citation Format: Campbell MJ, Tandon V, Senman B, Li J, Esserman L. Chemoimmunotherapy with cyclophosphamide plus a toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist eradicates triple negative breast cancer in a murine model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-06-02.
Abstract OT1-13-02: Molecular testing for minority patients with or at high risk for cancer
Authors: R Singh, MA Bayan, S Kadari, MN Nganteh, M Jacksonm, LM Woodson, AS Shamsuddin, BY Lemus, S Pratap, JJ Murray, SE Adunyah, PE Lammers
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract PURPOSE: Meharry Medical College is a participant in eMERGE (Electronic Medical Records and Genomics); a multicenter network sponsored by NHGRI/NIMHD with the primary goal to develop, disseminate, and apply approaches to research that combine biorepositories with electronic medical records (EMR) for genomic discovery and medicine implementation research. The consortium also focuses on ethical issues involving privacy, confidentiality, and interaction with the broader community. Individual institutions created protocols around research questions individualized to their populations. METHODS: We enrolled 500 African Americans with or at high-risk for the four most common cancers (prostate, colorectal, breast, lung) to examine possible genetic and proteomic differences to account for health disparities in this population. We will perform DNA, RNA, and proteomics analyses pertinent to these cancers and obtain corresponding clinical history from the EMR with planned long-term follow up. RESULTS: 500 subjects (211 female) were enrolled over 11 months from Nashville General Hospital including the following cancer/at-risk participants (Breast 59/37; Colorectal 17/128; prostate 31/136; lung 16/76). Most individuals stated that they participated for potential benefit to themselves, family members, or humankind and only 11 percent of potential participants declined. Little concern has been voiced for providing samples for genetic analysis. A genetic counselor will meet with the participants that are found to have pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations while study investigators will share results with those that are not found to have mutations. Participants will be queried regarding understanding of the genetic testing results and followed for one year to evaluate if they underwent recommended testing and to follow for cancer outcomes. CONCLUSION: The inclusion of diverse groups in genomic research is critical to identify possible reasons for health disparities and to study the understanding of genetic testing and ethical issues surrounding this topic. In this study, African-Americans are participating willingly in clinical research to examine possible genetic and/or social bases for cancer disparities. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: NIMHD (U54MD007593) to the Meharry Translational Research Center (MeTRC); National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID). Citation Format: Singh R, Bayan MA, Kadari S, Nganteh MN, Jacksonm M, Woodson LM, Shamsuddin AS, Lemus BY, Pratap S, Murray JJ, Adunyah SE, Lammers PE. Molecular testing for minority patients with or at high risk for cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT1-13-02.
Abstract P4-19-07: Fertility concerns in young women after diagnosis of breast cancer: Experience of a breast cancer unit in México
Authors: S Campos-Gomez, KA Campos-Gomez, A Ovando-Trujillo, F Palacios-Gutierrez
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Background Nearly 30% of all new breast cancer diagnoses occur in pre-menopausal women and about 7% of diagnoses occurring in women aged 40 years or less. Breast cancer treatment can increase the risk of early menopause and infertility. It is the major source of distress and concern form many young breast cancer patients who have no finished their families and have plans for childbearing. Methods As part of multidisciplinary approach in the Breast Cancer Unit at Centro Oncologico Estatal ISSEMYM an evaluation psychosocial aspects of sexuality, fertility and menopause after diagnosis of breast cancer has been implemented. We conducted an exploratory study to better understand fertility concerns, the role of fertility in the treatment decisions and chemotherapy acceptance in a cohort of young women newly diagnose breast cancer evaluated in a Breast Cancer Unit. We invited eligible women to participate, fertility concerns was the primary end point Results A total of 52 women were evaluated. Of these, we exclude 2 patients they have stage IV disease at re staging. Thus 50 women were included in the analyses. Median age at diagnosis was 36 years (range 23 to 40 years). 86% had children already at the time of breast cancer diagnosis. Only 4 participants (8%) reported that before their breast cancer diagnosis, they wanted to have future or additional children. Whereas forty six (92 %) did not. Of these patients 85% don't want to have children because of prior decision and 20% because fear of cancer recurrence. Forty nine patients would agree to receive chemotherapy (98%) and 51% would accept a risk of infertility of 76-100%. This acceptance was dependent on already having children. 68% would accept it only for ≥20% gain in cure. Conclusion Our study represents one of the first prospective evaluations of fertility concern in young women with recently diagnosed breast cancer in a Public Hospital in México. For the majority of young patients with breast cancer, cure remains their first priority. Most of the women have child before diagnosis and only 8% want to have additional children. Citation Format: Campos-Gomez S, Campos-Gomez KA, Ovando-Trujillo A, Palacios-Gutierrez F. Fertility concerns in young women after diagnosis of breast cancer: Experience of a breast cancer unit in México [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-19-07.
Corporate influence on climate negotiations
Authors: Alicia Pawluk, Isobel Braithwaite
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Corporate involvement in policy negotiation is a challenge that bodies like the United Nations and governments around the world face regularly. In 2003, the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC)—a treaty adopted by WHO, a specialised agency of the United Nations—took steps to prevent the undue influence of the tobacco industry on tobacco control legislation and its implementation.1 Underlying this was the resolution that tobacco is a dangerous substance, and companies that promote its use have no place in health negotiations. The treaty states that “there is a fundamental and irreconcilable conflict between the tobacco industry’s interests and public health policy interests.”1

But as yet there has been no such resolution for the issue of climate change. Last year’s United Nations climate talks in Warsaw—the Conference of Parties 19 (COP19)—set a new precedent for climate negotiations. Unfortunately, instead of progressing towards global consensus on climate action, COP19 stood out for more ominous reasons. Among the diplomats, climate scientists, and civil society participants was the overwhelming presence of fossil fuel intensive industries. The conference’s official corporate partners, including Alstom, the Polish fossil fuel companies PGE and LOTOS, ArcelorMittal, BMW, General Motors, and Emirates Airlines, benefit considerably from fossil fuels.2 Concurrent to COP19, the Polish government …
Methodological issues in the creation of a diagnosis tool for dysgraphia
Authors: Louis Deschamps, Clement Gaffet, Saifeddine Aloui, Jerome Boutet, Vincent Brault, Etienne Labyt
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2019)

Asselborn et al. have created a diagnosis tool for dysgraphia, based on dynamic data acquired with common graphic tablets. The results they obtained seem very satisfactory. According to the authors, their work “can be deployed directly as a diagnostics tool”. We think that this conclusion should be qualified, as we have detected some methodological issues that we perceive to be important. In this comment, we outline three main arguments and several concerns that motivate our opinion.
Maternal Exposure to Air Pollution During Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Offspring—Reply
Authors: Lief Pagalan, Michael Brauer, Bruce Lanphear
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Abstract P5-03-04: Targeting the tumor microenvironment by CXCR4 inhibition to abrogate trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer
Authors: S Liu, SM Xie, G Yang-Kolodji, D Tripathy
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background: Despite the fact that trastuzumab alongwithotherHER2-targetingdrugshavesignificantlyimprovedthe survival of patients with HER2 overexpression breast cancers (HER2+BC), resistance to trastuzumab is a clinical challenge in HER2+BC. Discerning actionable mechanisms of resistance to trastuzumab remains an important unmet need. WepreviouslyreporteddysregulationofCXCR4involvedintrastuzumab-resistance,butitscausal roleandthe associated mechanismsremainunknown. Methods We established trastuzumab-resistant (TR) human breast cancer HER2+ cell lines by continuously exposing cells to trastuzumab (20 μg/ml) for at least 6 months. CXCR4 expressionwasassessed in TR cells or parental cells with Westernblot.QuantitativedensitometricanalysisofthedensitywasperformedwithAlphaViewSAsoftware.Relevant cell phenotypes were measured, including mammosphere formation, in vitro antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay, and cell invasion induced by 10% fetal bovine serum with or without 100ng/ml stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α, CXCL12), the ligand of CXCR4. ANOVAwasusedtotest differencesbetweenmorethantwogroups,whilethedifferencesbetweentwogroupswereassessedbasedon pairedt-test. Results: To better capture the heterogeneity of HER2+BC, we chose two trastuzumab-sensitive cell lines, BT474 (HER2+/HR+) and SKBR3 (HER2+/HR-) and an intrinsically trastuzumab-resistant cell line, HCC1419 (HER2+/HR-). We found much higher CXCR4 expression levels in cells with intrinsically trastuzumab-resistant cells compared to trastuzumab-sensitive cells. Upregulation of CXCR4 expression was found in each of the acquired TR cell lines compared to their parental cells. Dysregulation of CXCR4 significantly enhanced mammosphere formation and cell invasion (P &amp;lt; 0.001, respectively). SDF-1α induced cell invasion and clumping. Down-regulation of CXCR4 with shRNA significantly increased trastuzumab induced–antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (2.17 folds of control cells, P &amp;lt; 0.01). Targeting CXCR4 with its approved inhibitor AMD3100 significantly decreased mammosphere formation and invasion of HER2+BC with TR (P &amp;lt; 0.01; P &amp;lt; 0.0001 respectively). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the SDF-1-CXCR4 axis plays a critical role in resistance to trastuzumab. Targeting CXCR4 signaling may lead to novel combinational therapies to overcome intrinsic or acquired resistance to trastuzumab in advanced HER2+BC, including postulated effects of trastuzumab on signal transduction, differentiation and immune activation. Citation Format: Liu S, Xie SM, Yang-Kolodji G, Tripathy D. Targeting the tumor microenvironment by CXCR4 inhibition to abrogate trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-03-04.
Abstract P5-07-08: Withdrawn
Authors: E Persson, P Gregersson, P Fitzpatrick, A Ståhlberg, G Landberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract This abstract was withdrawn by the authors. Citation Format: Persson E, Gregersson P, Fitzpatrick P, Ståhlberg A, Landberg G. Withdrawn [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-07-08.
One man, one woman
Authors: Neil Chanchlani
Journal: BMJ (2011)

That seems to be the case in medicine . . . for now. But as Maham Khan points out, within the next six years women will outnumber men in the medical workforce. No longer will there be a 50:50 split, which raises the question: is medicine becoming overfeminised? In 2017 you might see more women in your lecture theatre, but why don’t you see more female consultants walking the wards? Maham demystifies the rumours that medicine is becoming a sexist profession (doi:10.1136/sbmj.d7495).

Many medical …
Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Minhuan Lan, Shaojing Zhao, Weimin Liu, Chun‐Sing Lee, Wenjun Zhang, Pengfei Wang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2019)

Abstract As an emerging clinical modality for cancer treatment, photodynamic therapy (PDT) takes advantage of the cytotoxic activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated by light irradiating photosensitizers (PSs) in the presence of oxygen (O 2 ). However, further advancements including tumor selectivity and ROS generation efficiency are still required. Substantial efforts are devoted to design and synthesize smart PSs with optimized properties for achieving a desirable therapeutic efficacy. This review summarizes the recent progress in developing intelligent PSs for efficient PDT, ranging from single molecules to delicate nanomaterials. The strategies to improve ROS generation through optimizing photoinduced electron transfer and energy transfer processes of PSs are highlighted. Moreover, the approaches that combine PDT with other therapeutics (e.g., chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, and radiotherapy) and the targeted delivery in cancer cells or tumor tissue are introduced. The main challenges for the clinical application of PSs are also discussed.
Abstract 15117: Undiagnosed Diabetes at the Time of Acute Myocardial Infarction is Frequent and Associated With Poor Cardiovascular Outcomes
Authors: Viet T Le, Stacey Knight, Jeffrey L Anderson, Donald L Lappé, Heidi T May, Benjamin D Horne, Joseph B Muhlestein
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with poor cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes, especially in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). As both a first diagnosis (dx) of DM and missed dx of incident DM also may be associated with poor outcomes; we sought to determine their frequency and related CVD impact in patients presenting with AMI. Hypothesis: Many individuals with AMI have undiagnosed DM based on standard criteria, which leads to poor MACE outcomes. Methods: Patients (pts) presenting with AMI between 2002 and 2013 were studied (n=5719). Criteria-defined (CD)-DM was a fasting glucose (FG) ≥126 mg/dL, a random glucose (RG) ≥200, or a hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5%. DM groups were: 1) history (hx) of DM (n=1941, 34%), 2) no hx of DM, with CD-DM undiagnosed at AMI (n=500, 9%), 3) no hx of DM, with CD-DM diagnosed (dx) at hospitalization (n=207, 4%), and 4) no hx of DM and no CD-DM (n=3071, 53%). MACE (all-cause death, MI, stroke, heart failure hospitalization) was determined at 1 year post discharge. Results: Univariate comparisons are shown in the Table. After adjusting for covariables in a multivariate logistic regression using subjects with no hx of DM as the referent, hx of DM (OR=1.6; 95% CI: 1.3, 2.0; p&lt;0.0001) and CD-DM without dx at AMI (OR=1.5; 95% CI: 1.3, 1.7; p&lt;0.0001) were associated with greater risk of MACE. The difference between those with CD-DM with dx at AMI and those with no DM was not significant (OR=1.3; 95% CI: 0.9, 1.7; p=.15). Conclusions: The prevalence of DM is high in those presenting with AMI. Recognition of undiagnosed DM in the setting of CD-DM remains poor. Furthermore, MACE outcomes are 1.5 times higher with CD-DM undiagnosed than without DM, whereas outcomes are moderated if CD-DM is recognized at the time of AMI. Protocols for more aggressive identification of incident DM should be instituted and may importantly impact clinical outcomes for pts with previously undiagnosed DM.