tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Showcasing the brightest minds from Australia and beyond: come to Melbourne for Sports Medicine Australia’s annual conference (14–17 October 2020)
Authors: Andrea Britt Mosler, Liam Richard West
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

Sports Medicine Australia (SMA) is excited to announce that our 2020 annual conference is returning to Melbourne, the home of Australian rules football (figure 1). Fittingly, we begin this SMA British Journal of Sports Medicine (BJSM) edition by highlighting the landmark paper by PhD student Daniel Hoffman, who analysed 20 years of injury data to link injury incidence to Australian rules football team performance ( See page 475 ) . While the injury–team performance link is established in elite soccer, this paper is the first to establish how important effective injury risk reduction strategies are to team success in Australian rules football.



Figure 1 
Your invitation to the Sports Medicine Australia Conference, Melbourne, 14–17 October 2020.



As you walk around Melbourne’s Albert Park Lake to the 2020 SMA conference venue, contemplate the ever-increasing scientific evidence on the importance of physical activity to our personal and professional lives. SMA is proud to play a key leadership role in the healthy performance and participation of Australians in physical activity and sport. Want up-to-date information? Dr Melody Ding’s review paper ( See page 462 …
Ensuring and Sustaining a Pandemic Workforce
Authors: Erin P. Fraher, Patricia Pittman, Bianca K. Frogner, Joanne Spetz, Jean Moore, Angela J. Beck, David Armstrong, Peter I. Buerhaus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Ensuring and Sustaining a Pandemic Workforce It seems clear that health care delivery organizations, educators, and government leaders all have to be willing to cut through bureaucratic barriers an...
Perioperative outcomes comparing laparoscopic with open repeat liver resection for post-hepatectomy recurrent liver cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yuelong Liang, Chengping Lin, Bin Zhang, Jiasheng Cao, Mingyu Chen, Jiliang Shen, Xu Feng, Guangyuan Xiao, Long Pan, Ke Chen, Hendi Maher, Xiujun Cai
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2020)
Young Investigator Award: Clinical
Authors: Fpj Brouwers, R De Boer, ; Damman, M Van Den Berg, R Gansevoort, J Hillege, D Van Veldhuisen, ; Van Der Harst, ; Wh, Van Gilst, S Paolillo, ; Limongelli, ; Masarone, ; Salvioni, ; Magri, L Cas, ; Passantino, ; Pacileo, P Perrone-Filardi, ; Agostoni
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2014)
Cholesterol Stabilizes TAZ in Hepatocytes to Promote Experimental Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Xiaobo Wang, Bishuang Cai, Xiaoming Yang, Oluwatoni O. Sonubi, Ze Zheng, Rajasekhar Ramakrishnan, Hongxue Shi, Luca Valenti, Utpal B. Pajvani, Jaspreet Sandhu, Rodney E. Infante, Arun Radhakrishnan, Douglas F. Covey, Kun-Liang Guan, Jochen Buck, Lonny R. Levin, Peter Tontonoz, Robert F. Schwabe, Ira Tabas
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2020)
Rapid Sentinel Surveillance for COVID-19 — Santa Clara County, California, March 2020
Authors: Marissa L. Zwald, Wen Lin, Gail L. Sondermeyer Cooksey, Charles Weiss, Angela Suarez, Marc Fischer, Brandon J. Bonin, Seema Jain, Gayle E. Langley, Benjamin J. Park, Danielle Moulia, Rory Benedict, Nang Nguyen, George S. Han
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

On February 27, 2020, the Santa Clara County Public Health Department (SCCPHD) identified its first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated with probable community transmission (i.e., infection among persons without a known exposure by travel or close contact with a patient with confirmed COVID-19). At the time the investigation began, testing guidance recommended focusing on persons with clinical findings of lower respiratory illness and travel to an affected area or an epidemiologic link to a laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 case, or on persons hospitalized for severe respiratory disease and no alternative diagnosis (1). To rapidly understand the extent of COVID-19 in the community, SCCPHD, the California Department of Public Health (CDPH), and CDC began sentinel surveillance in Santa Clara County. During March 5-14, 2020, four urgent care centers in Santa Clara County participated as sentinel sites. For this investigation, county residents evaluated for respiratory symptoms (e.g., fever, cough, or shortness of breath) who had no known risk for COVID-19 were identified at participating urgent care centers. A convenience sample of specimens that tested negative for influenza virus was tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Among 226 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 23% had positive test results for influenza. Among patients who had negative test results for influenza, 79 specimens were tested for SARS-CoV-2, and 11% had evidence of infection. This sentinel surveillance system helped confirm community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Santa Clara County. As a result of these data and an increasing number of cases with no known source of transmission, the county initiated a series of community mitigation strategies. Detection of community transmission is critical for informing response activities, including testing criteria, quarantine guidance, investigation protocols, and community mitigation measures (2). Sentinel surveillance in outpatient settings and emergency departments, implemented together with hospital-based surveillance, mortality surveillance, and serologic surveys, can provide a robust approach to monitor the epidemiology of COVID-19.
Additional Barriers to Methadone Use in Hospitals and Skilled Nursing Facilities
Authors: David Gifford, Holly Harmon, Pamela Truscott
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Covid-19: What is the evidence for cloth masks?
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2020)

What is the evidence for cloth masks?As the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has advised all Americans to wear cloth masks in public to prevent the spread of covid-19, The BMJ examines the evidence Elisabeth MahaseThe BMJ What has the CDC recommended?People should wear cloth face coverings in public places where social distancing measures are "difficult to maintain," such as supermarkets and pharmacies, the CDC advises.It said the masks can be "fashioned from household items or made at home from common materials at low cost."It also warned that surgical masks and N-95 respirators should not be used by the public, as these were "critical supplies that must continue to be reserved for healthcare workers and other medical first responders."How do you make a homemade cloth mask?
Minimizing the risk of COVID-19 among patients on dialysis
Authors: T. Alp Ikizler, Alan S. Kliger
Journal: Nature Reviews Nephrology (2020)

Patients on haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis are likely to be at increased risk of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Preventive strategies must be implemented to minimize the risk of disease transmission in dialysis facilities, including education of staff and patients, screening for COVID-19 and separation of infected or symptomatic and non-infected patients.
Abstract 18805: Human Liver and Adipose Transcriptomes Reveal Potential New Cholesterol Genes and Mechanism in Fatty Liver Progression
Authors: Arthur Ko, Dorota Kaminska, Elina Nikkola, Jussi Pihlajamäki, Paivi Pajukanta
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Obesity is the main risk factor for fatty liver, which can further escalate to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and cancer. However, not all obese individuals develop ...
Generation of craniofacial myogenic progenitor cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells for skeletal muscle tissue regeneration
Authors: Eunhye Kim, Fang Wu, Xuewen Wu, Hyojung J Choo
Journal: Biomaterials (2020)

Craniofacial skeletal muscle is composed of approximately 60 muscles, which have critical functions including food uptake, eye movements and facial expressions. Although craniofacial muscles have significantly different embryonic origin, most current skeletal muscle differentiation protocols using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are based on somite-derived limb and trunk muscle developmental pathways. Since the lack of a protocol for craniofacial muscles is a significant gap in the iPSC-derived muscle field, we have developed an optimized protocol to generate craniofacial myogenic precursor cells (cMPCs) from human iPSCs by mimicking key signaling pathways during craniofacial embryonic myogenesis. At each different stage, human iPSC-derived cMPCs mirror the transcription factor expression profiles seen in their counterparts during embryo development. After the bi-potential cranial pharyngeal mesoderm is established, cells are committed to cranial skeletal muscle lineages with inhibition of cardiac lineages and are purified by flow cytometry. Furthermore, identities of iPSC-derived cMPCs are verified with human primary myoblasts from craniofacial muscles using RNA sequencing. These data suggest that our new method could provide not only in vitro research tools to study muscle specificity of muscular dystrophy but also abundant and reliable cellular resources for tissue engineering to support craniofacial reconstruction surgery.
A randomized double-blind trial of 3 aspirin regimens to optimize antiplatelet therapy in essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Bianca Rocca, Alberto Tosetto, Silvia Betti, Denise Soldati, Giovanna Petrucci, Elena Rossi, Andrea Timillero, Viviana Cavalca, Benedetta Porro, Alessandra Iurlo, Daniele Cattaneo, Cristina Bucelli, Alfredo Dragani, Mauro Di Ianni, Paola Ranalli, Francesca Palandri, Nicola Vianelli, Eloise Beggiato, Giuseppe Lanzarone, Marco Ruggeri, Giuseppe Carli, Elena Maria Elli, Monica Carpenedo, Maria Luigia Randi, Irene Bertozzi, Chiara Paoli, Giorgina Specchia, Alessandra Ricco, Alessandro Maria Vannucchi, Francesco Rodeghiero, Carlo Patrono, Valerio De Stefano
Journal: Blood (2020)
Treatment of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis with apixaban and rivaroxaban
Authors: Damon E. Houghton, Ana I. Casanegra, Lisa G. Peterson, Jordan Cochuyt, David O. Hodge, Danielle Vlazny, Robert D. McBane, David Froehling, Waldemar E. Wysokinski
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2020)

Randomized controlled trials leading to the approval of apixaban and rivaroxaban for venous thromboembolism (VTE) did not include patients with upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UE-DVT). We sought to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of rivaroxaban and apixaban for the treatment of acute UE-DVT. Consecutive patients with VTE enrolled into the Mayo Clinic VTE Registry, between March 1, 2013 and December 31, 2019, were followed prospectively. Clinical, demographic and imaging data were collected at the time of study recruitment. Patients with a diagnosis of acute UE-DVT who received rivaroxaban, apixaban, LMWH or warfarin were included. Recurrent VTE, major bleeding, clinical-relevant non-major bleeding (CRNMB), and death were assessed at 3-month intervals. During the study period, 210 patients with acute UE-DVT were included; 63 were treated with apixaban, 39 with rivaroxaban, and 108 with LWMH and/or warfarin. Overall 51% had catheter-associated UE-DVT, 60% had a diagnosis of malignancy, and 14% had concurrent pulmonary embolism. Malignancy was more common in patients treated with LMWH/warfarin (67% vs 52%, P = .03). At 3 months of follow up, one (0.9%) recurrent VTE occurred in a patient treated with LMWH/warfarin and one (1.0%) patient treated with apixaban or rivaroxaban (P = .97). Major bleeding occurred in three patients treated with LMWH/warfarin, and in none of those treated with apixaban or rivaroxaban (P = .09). Clinical-relevant non-major bleeding occurred in one patient (0.9%) treated with LWMH/warfarin and two patients (2.0%) treated with apixaban or rivaroxaban (P = .53). Treatment of UE-DVT with apixaban or rivaroxaban appears to be as safe and effective as LMWH/warfarin.
Acquisition of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria by U.S. International Travelers
Authors: Guillaume Mellon, Sarah E Turbett, Colin Worby, Elizabeth Oliver, A Taylor Walker, Maroya Walters, Paul Kelly, Daniel T Leung, Mark Knouse, Stefan Hagmann, Ashlee Earl, Edward T Ryan, Regina C LaRocque
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and International Travel In this report from five U.S.-based travel clinics, approximately 5% of returning international travelers were found to have asymptomatically ...
Peptidylarginine Deiminase IV Regulates Breast Cancer Stem Cells via a Novel Tumor Cell–Autonomous Suppressor Role
Authors: Nellie Moshkovich, Humberto J. Ochoa, Binwu Tang, Howard H. Yang, Yuan Yang, Jing Huang, Maxwell P. Lee, Lalage M. Wakefield
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADI) catalyze posttranslational modification of many target proteins and have been suggested to play a role in carcinogenesis. Citrullination of histones by PADI4 was recently implicated in regulating embryonic stem and hematopoietic progenitor cells. Here, we investigated a possible role for PADI4 in regulating breast cancer stem cells. PADI4 activity limited the number of cancer stem cells (CSC) in multiple breast cancer models in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, PADI4 inhibition resulted in a widespread redistribution of histone H3, with increased accumulation around transcriptional start sites. Interestingly, epigenetic effects of PADI4 on the bulk tumor cell population did not explain the CSC phenotype. However, in sorted tumor cell populations, PADI4 downregulated expression of master transcription factors of stemness, NANOG and OCT4, specifically in the cancer stem cell compartment, by reducing the transcriptionally activating H3R17me2a histone mark at those loci; this effect was not seen in the non-stem cells. A gene signature reflecting tumor cell-autonomous PADI4 inhibition was associated with poor outcome in human breast cancer datasets, consistent with a tumor-suppressive role for PADI4 in estrogen receptor-positive tumors. These results contrast with known tumor-promoting effects of PADI4 on the tumor stroma and suggest that the balance between opposing tumor cell-autonomous and stromal effects may determine net outcome. Our findings reveal a novel role for PADI4 as a tumor suppressor in regulating breast cancer stem cells and provide insight into context-specific effects of PADI4 in epigenetic modulation. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate a novel activity of the citrullinating enzyme PADI4 in suppressing breast cancer stem cells through epigenetic repression of stemness master transcription factors NANOG and OCT4.
Zinc ameliorates human aortic valve calcification through GPR39 mediated ERK1/2 signalling pathway
Authors: Ziying Chen, Flora Gordillo-Martinez, Lei Jiang, Pengcheng He, Wanzi Hong, Xuebiao Wei, Katherine A Staines, Vicky E Macrae, Chunxiang Zhang, Danqing Yu, Xiaodong Fu, Dongxing Zhu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2020)

Abstract Aims Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common heart valve disease in the Western world. It has been reported that zinc is accumulated in calcified human aortic valves. However, whether zinc directly regulates CAVD is yet to be elucidated. The present study sought to determine the potential role of zinc in the pathogenesis of CAVD. Methods and results Using a combination of a human valve interstitial cell (hVIC) calcification model, human aortic valve tissues, and blood samples, we report that 20 μM zinc supplementation attenuates hVIC in vitro calcification, and that this is mediated through inhibition of apoptosis and osteogenic differentiation via the zinc-sensing receptor GPR39-dependent ERK1/2 signalling pathway. Furthermore, we report that GPR39 protein expression is dramatically reduced in calcified human aortic valves, and there is a significant reduction in zinc serum levels in patients with CAVD. Moreover, we reveal that 20 μM zinc treatment prevents the reduction of GPR39 observed in calcified hVICs. We also show that the zinc transporter ZIP13 and ZIP14 are significantly increased in hVICs in response to zinc treatment. Knockdown of ZIP13 or ZIP14 significantly inhibited hVIC in vitro calcification and osteogenic differentiation. Conclusions Together, these findings suggest that zinc is a novel inhibitor of CAVD, and report that zinc transporter ZIP13 and ZIP14 are important regulators of hVIC in vitro calcification and osteogenic differentiation. Zinc supplementation may offer a potential therapeutic strategy for CAVD.
Cell death induced by cytotoxic CD8<sup>+</sup>T cells is immunogenic and primes caspase-3–dependent spread immunity against endogenous tumor antigens
Authors: Paula Jaime-Sanchez, Iratxe Uranga-Murillo, Nacho Aguilo, Sofia C Khouili, Maykel A Arias, David Sancho, Julian Pardo
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Background Elimination of cancer cells by some stimuli like chemotherapy and radiotherapy activates anticancer immunity after the generation of damage‐associated molecular patterns, a process recently named immunogenic cell death (ICD). Despite the recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, very little is known about the immunological consequences of cell death activated by cytotoxic CD8 + T (Tc) cells on cancer cells, that is, if Tc cells induce ICD on cancer cells and the molecular mechanisms involved. Methods ICD induced by Tc cells on EL4 cells was analyzed in tumor by vaccinating mice with EL4 cells killed in vitro or in vivo by Ag-specific Tc cells. EL4 cells and mutants thereof overexpressing Bcl-X L or a dominant negative mutant of caspase-3 and wild-type mice, as well as mice depleted of Tc cells and mice deficient in perforin, TLR4 and BATF3 were used. Ex vivo cytotoxicity of spleen cells from immunized mice was analyzed by flow cytometry. Expression of ICD signals (calreticulin, HMGB1 and interleukin (IL)-1β) was analyzed by flow cytometry and ELISA. Results Mice immunized with EL4.gp33 cells killed in vitro or in vivo by gp33-specific Tc cells were protected from parental EL4 tumor development. This result was confirmed in vivo by using ovalbumin (OVA) as another surrogate antigen. Perforin and TLR4 and BATF3-dependent type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) were required for protection against tumor development, indicating cross-priming of Tc cells against endogenous EL4 tumor antigens. Tc cells induced ICD signals in EL4 cells. Notably, ICD of EL4 cells was dependent on caspase-3 activity, with reduced antitumor immunity generated by caspase-3–deficient EL4 cells. In contrast, overexpression of Bcl-X L in EL4 cells had no effect on induction of Tc cell antitumor response and protection. Conclusions Elimination of tumor cells by Ag-specific Tc cells is immunogenic and protects against tumor development by generating new Tc cells against EL4 endogenous antigens. This finding helps to explain the enhanced efficacy of T cell-dependent immunotherapy and provide a molecular basis to explain the epitope spread phenomenon observed during vaccination and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. In addition, they suggest that caspase-3 activity in the tumor may be used as a biomarker to predict cancer recurrence during T cell-dependent immunotherapies.
Clinical, Biochemical and Histological Responses to Treatment in Polymyositis: A Prospective Study
Authors: R J M Lane, A Emslie-Smith, I E Mosquera, P Hudgson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1989)

Routine methods of monitoring treatment responses in polymyositis patients, such as clinical strength assessments and measurements of ESR and serum creatine kinase, have been compared with functional strength measurements and assay of serum myoglobin levels, in a prospective study of nine cases followed for up to five years. Seven patients also underwent serial muscle biopsies during the first year of treatment in order to document the nature and chronology of histological changes during therapy. Inflammatory and necrobiotic changes indicating active myositis resolved within six months in all cases and no patient developed histological evidence of steroid myopathy. Scores on functional muscle strength assessments improved more slowly than static manual muscle strength test results, reflecting morphometric and architectural abnormalities in the biopsies which persisted throughout the period of observation. Serum creatine kinase levels returned to normal more rapidly than serum myoglobin. No statistical relationship was found between muscle strength measurements and biochemical or histological changes within the patients as a group, but variations in these indices in individual subjects reflected changes in clinical state.
A study looking at the differences between hypertrophic scars and keloid scars
Authors: G.C. Limandjaja, J.M. Belien, R.J. Scheper, F.B. Niessen, S. Gibbs
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Hypertrophic and keloid scars are two types of raised, abnormal scars. Hypertrophic scars grow within the borders of the original wound and eventually grow smaller, but keloids grow beyond the original wound borders, do not grow smaller on their own, and are difficult to treat. Keloids usually occur in people with darker skin colour. Sometimes it is still difficult to determine if a raised scar is a hypertrophic scar or a keloid. This study from the Netherlands aimed to find out if both these abnormal scars form because they retain characteristics of the young, immature scars, rather than maturing in a normal way. The authors examined the types of cells present in the outer (epidermis) and the inner (dermis) layer of the skin and found that the hypertrophic and keloid scars closely resembled immature scars, rather than normal healthy scars in two important ways: the outer layer cells did not mature properly (increased involucrin expression); the inner layer cells of normal skin express a protein called CD34 and do not have cells that function to contract tissue (α‐SMA), but in the abnormal scars this is reversed ‐ CD34 is missing and the (α‐SMA) contracting cells are present. Unlike abnormal scars, the cells of the inner and outer layer of immature scars showed increased cell growth (Ki67). The outer layer of the abnormal scars was much thicker and the inner layer had many cells (vimentin), but these cells had stopped growing (known as p16). It was difficult to separate the hypertrophic scars from the keloids based on what the inner layer looks like, but hypertrophic scars have more cells that contract and keloids have very thick bands of connective tissue in their inner layer. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that hypertrophic and keloid scars maintain characteristics of immature scars and do not mature like normal scars do. This is a summary of the study: Hypertrophic and keloid scars fail to progress from the CD34−α‐smooth muscle actin (SMA)+immature scar phenotype and show gradient differences in α‐SMA and p16 expression