tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cell‐Membrane‐Display Nanotechnology
Authors: Yulan Wang, Peng Zhang, Yan Wei, Kailun Shen, Leyi Xiao, Richard J Miron, Yufeng Zhang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Advances in material science have set the stage for nanoparticle‐based research with potent applications for the diagnosis, bioimaging, and precise treatment of diseases. Despite the wide range of biomaterials developed, the rational design of biomaterials with predictable bioactivity and safety remains a critical challenge. In recent years, the field of cell‐membrane‐based therapeutics has emerged as a promising platform for addressing unmet medical needs. The utilization of natural cell membranes endows biomaterials with a remarkable ability to serve as biointerfaces that interact with the host environment. To improve the function and efficacy of cell‐membrane‐based therapeutics, a series of novel strategies is developed as cell‐membrane‐display nanotechnology, which utilizes various methods to selectively display therapeutic molecules of cell membranes on nanoparticles. Although cell‐membrane‐display nanotechnology remains in the early phases, considerable work is currently being conducted in the field. This review discusses details of innovative strategies for displaying cell‐membrane molecules, including the following: 1) displaying molecules of cell membranes on biomaterials, 2) pretreating cell membranes to induce increased expression of inherent molecules of cell membranes and enhance their function, and 3) inserting additional functional molecules on cell membranes. For each area, the theoretical basis, application scenarios, and potential development are highlighted.
Prevalence, Correlates, and Prognostic Relevance of Mid-Wall Late Gadolinium Enhancement in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Gaetano Nucifora, Zoi Tsoumani, Giulia De Angelis, Thomas Caiffa, Daniele Muser, Joshua Bradley, Gianfranco Sinagra, Chris Miller, Matthias Schmitt
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2020)
Correspondence on ‘Glucocorticoid-induced relapse of COVID-19 in a patient with sarcoidosis’
Authors: Florence Jeny, Raphael Lhote, Gwenael Lorillon, Nicolas Belhomme, Grégory Pugnet, Raphaël Borie, Aurélien Justet, Stephane Jouneau, Nathalie Freymond, Arsène Mekinian, Robin Dhote, Yacine Tandjaoui-Lambiotte, Nathalie Saindenberg, Pierre Gazengel, Baptiste Hervier, Julien Haroche, Alexis Mathian, Miguel Hié, Thibaud Chazal, Dov Taieb, Yurdagul Uzunhan, Jérôme Le Pavec, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Emmanuel Bergot, Abdellatif Tazi, Zahir Amoura, Dominique Valeyre, Hilario Nunes, Fleur Cohen-Aubart
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Patients with interstitial lung disease have been considered at high risk of complications of COVID-19 because of their underlying lung disease and use of immunosuppressive agents.1 However, data on COVID-19 in patients with sarcoidosis are scarce.2–4 Several reasons for an increased risk of severe forms of COVID-19 among sarcoidosis patients have been hypothesised: the involvement of the lung in almost 90% of patients with COVID-19, some of whom have reduced pulmonary function and comorbidities such as diabetes or hypertension, which are largely associated with the use of glucocorticosteroids for treating sarcoidosis; and the use of immunosuppressive agents in a subset of these patients.5 Recently, Gyorfi et al 6 described the case of a patient with sarcoidosis who experienced a symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection with spontaneous clinical improvement, and a virological relapse after steroids treatment. This case illustrated the fact that immunosuppression with glucocorticoids may induce relapse of COVID-19 in patients with sarcoidosis. However, we lack data on the outcomes of patients with sarcoidosis affected by COVID-19. We retrospectively collected data for all patients with sarcoidosis and SARS-CoV-2 infection seen among 15 French centres between 1 March and 20 May 2020. The inclusion criteria were a sarcoidosis diagnosis based on the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society/World Association for Sarcoidosis and other granulomatous diseases …
AB0017 COMPARISON BETWEEN THE ALTERED PERIPHERAL BLOOD MIRNA EXPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTEMATOSUS
Authors: Russka Shumnalieva, Darina Kachakova, Radka Kaneva, Zlatimir Kolarov, Simeon Monov
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

<h3>Background:</h3> MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at posttranscriptional level. Altered miRNA expression in the circulation has been described in inflammatory joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as well as in systemic rheumatic diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). miR-146a and miR-155 have been found to regulate key signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of RA and SLE [1-2]. <h3>Objectives:</h3> To compare the expression levels of miR-146a and miR-155 in peripheral blood (PB) from RA and SLE patients in regard to their use as disease biomarkers. <h3>Methods:</h3> 63 RA patients and 40 SLE were included in the study. The expression levels of miR-146a and miR-155 in whole PB were determined by qPCR (SybrGreen technology) and compared to healthy controls (HCs). Relative changes of gene expression levels of the studied miRNAs were calculated by 2<sup>-ΔΔCt</sup> method. SPSS was used for statistical analysis. <h3>Results:</h3> 29 (46.03%) of the RA patients showed overexpression of miR-146a in the PB when compared to HCs, but the levels were not statistically significant to differentiate patients from HCs (p=0.365). 34 (53.97%) of the RA patients didn't show a statistically significant expression of miR-155 in the PB when compared to HCs and PB expression of miR-155 couldn't be used for differentiating RA from HCs (p=0.074). In the group of SLE patients the PB levels of miR-146a were overexpressed in 25 (62.5%) and levels of miR-155 were increased in 20 (50.0%) of the patients (p&lt;0.05). <h3>Conclusion:</h3> Although miR-146a and miR-155 are involved in key signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of RA their whole PB expression could not fully reflect the local pathological process and thus to differentiate patients from HCs. The expression of both miRNAs in whole PB of SLE samples showed a possibility for discriminating patients from HCs. Further analysis with larger sets is needed to confirm if altered systemic miRNA expression levels could be used in the clinical practice as disease biomarkers. <h3>References</h3> [1] Honarpisheh M, Köhler P, von Rauchhaupt E, Lech M. The Involvement of MicroRNAs in Modulation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis. J Immunol Res. 2018; 2018:4126106. [2] Zhou Q, Haupt S, Kreuzer JT, et al. Decreased expression of miR-146a and miR-155 contributes to an abnormal Treg phenotype in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Anna Rheum Dis. 2015; 74:1265-1274. <h3>Acknowledgement:</h3> The study was supported by Grant 60/2013 and Grant 51/2014 and funded by Medical University-Sofia. <h3>Disclosure of Interests:</h3> None declared
Face masks, respiratory patients and COVID-19
Authors: Joan B. Soriano, Antonio Anzueto, Sinthia Bosnic Anticevich, Alan Kaplan, Marc Miravitlles, Omar Usmani, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Francesca Puggioni, G. Walter Canonica, Nicolas Roche
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Several countries have applied exemptions of respiratory patients on the compulsory use of face masks indoors and outdoors during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It must be strongly stated that such exemption is not evidence-based, and it may carry increased risk of personal infection to the estimated 544.9 million people worldwide suffering a chronic respiratory disease [1]. Exemptions of respiratory patients on the compulsory use of face masks for COVID-19 pandemic are not evidence-based <https://bit.ly/2DTu7Y0>
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided cholecystogastrostomy as an alternative biliary drainage route in malignant obstructions
Authors: Marco A. D’Assuncao, Fernando P. Marson, Saverio T. N. Armellini, Fernando L. Mota, Fernando J. S. de Oliveira, Eduardo M. A. Pereira Junior
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Malignant biliary obstruction is a common complication of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, cholangioadenocarcinoma, and other tumors. Biliary drainage is necessary for the management of jaundice, cholangitis, and other debilitating symptoms, such as abdominal pain. Because endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) drainage is not always feasible (owing to severe invasion of the bile duct and/or duodenal wall), endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) has appeared as a promising alternative [1] [2]. EUS-BD has the advantage of allowing different access routes, depending on the biliary anatomy and the level of the tumor obstruction [3] [4].
Oncology’s “Hockey Stick” Moment for the Cost of Cancer Drugs—The Climate Is About to Change
Authors: Blase N. Polite, Mark J. Ratain, Allen S. Lichter
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Chitosan/Diatom‐Biosilica Aerogel with Controlled Porous Structure for Rapid Hemostasis
Authors: Jing Li, Xiaojie Sun, Kaichao Zhang, Guoning Yang, Yuzhi Mu, Chang Su, Jianhui Pang, Tongtong Chen, Xiguang Chen, Chao Feng
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Uncontrolled hemorrhage is the main reason of possible preventable death after accidental injury. It is necessary to develop a hemostatic agent with rapid hemostatic performance and good biocompatibility. In this study, a chitosan/diatom-biosilica-based aerogel is developed using dopamine as cross-linker by simple alkaline precipitation and tert-butyl alcohol replacement. The chitosan/diatom-biosilica aerogel exhibits favorable biocompatibility and multiscale hierarchical porous structure (from nanometer to micrometer), which can be controlled by the concentration of tert-butyl alcohol. The displacement of tert-butyl alcohol can keep the porosity of diatom-biosilica in aerogel and give it large surface with efficient water absorption ratio. 30% tert-butyl alcohol replacement of aerogel possesses the largest surface area (74.441 m2 g-1 ), water absorption capacity (316.83 ± 2.04%), and excellent hemostatic performance in vitro blood coagulation (≈70 s). Furthermore, this aerogel exhibits the shortest clotting time and lowest blood loss in rat hemorrhage model. The strong interface effect between aerogel and blood is able to promote erythrocytes aggregation, platelets adhesion, and activation, as well as, activate the intrinsic coagulation pathway to accelerate blood coagulation. All the above results demonstrate that chitosan/diatom-biosilica aerogel has great potential to be a safe and rapid hemostatic material.
The determination of ventilatory inefficiency at rest in COPD: the expected parameter
Authors: Iván Caviedes, Rodrigo Soto, Felix Herth
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>The assessment of <i>V</i>′<sub>E</sub>/<i>V</i>′<sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub> ratio at rest as a representation of ventilatory inefficiency is a simple and relevant determination in the evaluation of lung function in patients with COPD, additive to parameters of lung hyperinflation on physical limitation</b>https://bit.ly/2EYMGdx
Physician Work Hours and the Gender Pay Gap — Evidence from Primary Care
Authors: Ishani Ganguli, Bethany Sheridan, Joshua Gray, Michael Chernew, Meredith B. Rosenthal, Hannah Neprash
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

The gender gap in physician pay is often attributed in part to women working fewer hours than men, but evidence to date is limited by self-report and a lack of detail regarding clinical revenue and gender differences in practice style.
Update: Multinational listeriosis outbreak due to ‘Quargel’, a sour milk curd cheese, caused by two different L. monocytogenes serotype 1/2a strains, 2009-2010
Authors: R Fretz, J Pichler, U Sagel, P Much, W Ruppitsch, A T Pietzka, A Stöger, S Huhulescu, S Heuberger, G Appl, D Werber, K Stark, R Prager, A Flieger, R Karpíšková, G Pfaff, F Allerberger
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2010)

We previously reported an outbreak of listeriosis in Austria and Germany due to consumption of 'Quargel' cheese. It comprised 14 cases (including five fatalities) infected by a serotype 1/2a Listeria monocytogenes (clone 1), with onset of illness from June 2009 to January 2010. A second strain of L. monocytogenes serotype 1/2a (clone 2) spread by this product could be linked to further 13 cases in Austria (two fatal), six in Germany (one fatal) and one case in the Czech Republic, with onset of disease from December 2009 to end of February 2010. .
Performance evaluation of the Becton Dickinson Kiestra™ IdentifA/SusceptA
Authors: Damien Jacot, Garance Sarton-Lohéac, Alix T. Coste, Claire Bertelli, Gilbert Greub, Guy Prod'hom, Antony Croxatto
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2020)

New automated modules are required to provide fully automated solutions in diagnostic microbiology laboratories. We evaluated the performance of a Becton Dickinson Kiestra™ IdentifA/SusceptA prototype for MALDI-TOF identification (ID) and Phoenix™ antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST).The performance of the IdentifA/SusceptA coupled prototype was compared with manual processing for MALDI-TOF ID on 1302 clinical microbial isolates or ATCC strains and for Phoenix™ M50 AST on 484 strains, representing 61 species.Overall, the IdentifA exhibited similar ID performances than manual spotting. Higher performances were observed for Gram-negative bacteria with an ID at the species level (score >2) of 96.5% (369/382) and 86.9% (334/384), respectively. A significantly better performance was observed with the IdentifA (95.2%, 81/85) compared with manual spotting (75.2%, 64/85) from colonies on MacConkey agar. Contrariwise, the IdentifA exhibited lower ID performances at the species level than manual processing for streptococci (76.1%, 96/126 compared with 92%, 115/125), coagulase-negative staphylococci (73.3%, 44/60 compared with 90%, 54/60) and yeasts (41.3%, 19/46 compared with 78.2%, 36/46). Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci were similarly identified by the two approaches, with ID rates of 92% (65/70) for the IdentifA and 92.7%, (64/69) for manual processing and 94.8%, (55/58) for the IdentifA and 98.2%, (57/58) for manual processing, respectively. The SusceptA exhibited an AST overall essential agreement of 98.82% (6863/6945), a category agreement of 98.86% (6866/6945), 1.05% (6/570) very major errors, 0.16% (10/6290) major errors, and 0.91% (63/6945) minor errors compared to the reference AST.Overall, the automated IdentifA/SusceptA exhibited high ID and AST performances.
Bioglass enhances the production of exosomes and improves their capability of promoting vascularization
Authors: Zhi Wu, Dan He, Haiyan Li
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2020)

Recently, exosomes have been extensively applied in tissue regeneration. However, their practical applications are severely restricted by the limited exosome secretion capability of cells. Therefore, developing strategies to enhance the production of exosomes and improve their biological function attracts great interest. Studies have shown that biomaterials can significantly enhance the paracrine effects of cells and exosomes are the main signal carriers of intercellular paracrine communication, thus biomaterials are considered to affect the exosome secretion of cells and their biological function. In this study, a widely recognized biomaterial, 45S5 Bioglass® (BG), is used to create a mild and cell-friendly microenvironment for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with its ion products. Results showed that BG ion products can significantly improve exosome production of MSCs by upregulating the expression of neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (nSMase2) and Rab27a which enhanced the nSMases and Rab GTPases pathways, respectively. Besides, microRNA analysis indicates that BG ion products can modulate the cargoes of MSCs-derived exosomes by decreasing microRNA-342-5p level while increasing microRNA-1290 level. Subsequently, the function of exosomes is modified as their capabilities of promoting the vascularization of endothelial cells and facilitating the intradermal angiogenesis are enhanced. Taken together, BG ion products are confirmed to enhance exosome production and simultaneously improve exosome function, suggesting a feasible approach to improve the practical application of exosomes in regenerative medicine.
Reinforced-hydrogel encapsulated hMSCs towards brain injury treatment by trans-septal approach
Authors: Md. Tipu Sultan, Bo Young Choi, Olatunji Ajiteru, Dae Ki Hong, Soon Min Lee, Hyo-Jin Kim, Jun Sun Ryu, Ji Seung Lee, Heesun Hong, Young Jin Lee, Hanna Lee, Ye Ji Suh, Ok Joo Lee, Soon Hee Kim, Sang Won Suh, Chan Hum Park
Journal: Biomaterials (2020)
Covid-19: Universities roll out pooled testing of students in bid to keep campuses open
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Some UK universities are introducing covid-19 screening programmes using pooled testing to help prevent outbreaks and allow campuses to stay open.

The University of Cambridge and the University of Nottingham are both using pooled testing, which involves mixing several samples together and then testing the pooled sample. If the result comes back positive the people in the group then need to be tested individually.

This approach increases the number of people who can be tested using the same amount of resources—saving time, supplies, and money. However, some experts have raised concerns over whether the costs, benefits, and harms of such programmes have been evaluated, and they have called for advice from the UK National Screening Committee.

In July, Stanford Health Care in the US began using a pooling method for covid-19 (in groups of four to eight), which had previously been used to screen blood donations for the presence of HIV or hepatitis. The group …
Abstract PR12: Regulation of the tumor-suppressive miR-29 family by oncogenic MAPK signaling in melanoma
Authors: Olga Vera, Ilah Bok, Neel Jasani, Oluwashanu Balogun, Koji Nakamura, Florian Karreth
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract MicroRNAs are a group of noncoding RNAs that can regulate gene expression by targeting the mRNA of a gene. Many microRNAs respond to different stimuli such as growth signals or cellular stress. The tumor-suppressive miR-29 family (miR-29a, b and c), for example, is induced during aging and senescence as a p53-dependent response to DNA damage. Given the tumor-suppressive potential of miR-29, we sought to examine if its expression is induced by oncogenic stress in a p53-dependent manner. Ectopic overexpression of oncogenic Braf-V600E and Kras-G12D in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) using retroviral transduction resulted in increased expression of pri-miR-29a-b1 and, to a lesser extent, pri-miR-29b2~c. While ectopic Kras-G12D overexpression stimulated p53 activity, Braf-V600E failed to elicit a p53 response, suggesting that this oncogene provokes miR-29 expression in a p53-independent manner. Moreover, expression of Braf-V600E at physiologic levels induced miR-29 in the absence of a p53 response. Accordingly, expression of endogenous Braf-V600E stimulated miR-29 in MEFs even when p53 was silenced by RNAi. When Braf-V600E MEFs were treated with a MEK inhibitor, miR-29 levels decreased in both the presence and absence of p53, suggesting that the MAPK pathway downstream of Braf-V600E directly regulates miR-29 transcription. Importantly, TPA-mediated stimulation of the MAPK pathway increased miR-29 levels in human melanocytes. Similarly, expression of Braf-V600E induced miR-29 in human melanocytes and MEK inhibition rescued this effect. These results strongly support the notion that miR-29 transcription is induced by MAPK signaling and suggest that oncogenic BRAF provokes a tumor-suppressive miR-29 checkpoint that needs to be inactivated for further tumor progression. Indeed, human melanoma cells lines express lower levels of miR-29 compared to human melanocytes, and inactivation of miR-29 by a lentiviral sponge in Braf-V600E mutant melanocytes and melanoma cells promotes cell transformation. We are now utilizing our ESC-GEMM platform to generate Braf-V600E; Pten-deficient mice expressing the miR-29 sponge and will assess if counteracting the induction of miR-29 by Braf-V600E promotes melanoma formation in vivo. Our results suggest a biphasic role of miR-29 during melanomagenesis where Braf-V600E-induced miR-29 upregulation prevents the progression of early lesions until miR-29 is downregulated, likely by inactivation of the ARF-p53 axis. This abstract is also being presented as Poster B24. Citation Format: Olga Vera, Ilah Bok, Neel Jasani, Oluwashanu Balogun, Koji Nakamura, Florian Karreth. Regulation of the tumor-suppressive miR-29 family by oncogenic MAPK signaling in melanoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Melanoma: From Biology to Target; 2019 Jan 15-18; Houston, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(19 Suppl):Abstract nr PR12.
Hepatic expression of lysyl oxidase-like-2 ( LOXL2) in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)
Authors: D French, E G Huntzicker, Z D Goodman, P R Shea, D Ding, Schall Rea., V Smith, M Subramanian, C Levy, C L Bowlus, B Eksteen, R W Chapman, A J Muir, D B Goldstein, R P Myers
Journal: Hepatology (2016)