tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Parental psychological distress during pregnancy and the risk of childhood lower lung function and asthma: a population-based prospective cohort study
Authors: Evelien R van Meel, Gautam Saharan, Vincent WV Jaddoe, Johan C de Jongste, Irwin KM Reiss, Henning Tiemeier, Hanan El Marroun, Liesbeth Duijts
Journal: Thorax (2020)

Although maternal psychological distress during pregnancy is associated with increased risks of respiratory morbidity in preschool children, it is unknown whether this association persists into later childhood.To examine the association between parental psychological distress during pregnancy and lung function and asthma in children of school age.This study of 4231 children was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort. Parental psychological distress was assessed by the Brief Symptom Inventory during and 3 years after pregnancy, and in mothers also at 2 and 6 months after pregnancy. At age 10 years, lung function was obtained by spirometry and asthma by questionnaire.The prevalence of asthma was 5.9%. Maternal overall psychological distress during pregnancy was associated with a lower forced vital capacity (FVC) (z-score difference -0.10 (95% CI -0.20 to -0.01) per 1-unit increase), maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy with a lower forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and FVC (-0.13 (95% CI -0.24 to -0.01) and -0.13 (95% CI -0.24 to -0.02) when using clinical cut-offs) in their children. All maternal psychological distress measures during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of asthma (range OR: 1.46 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.90) to 1.91 (95% CI 1.26 to 2.91)). Additional adjustment for paternal psychological distress during pregnancy and parental psychological distress after pregnancy did not materially change the associations. Paternal psychological distress during pregnancy was not associated with childhood respiratory morbidity.Maternal, but not paternal, psychological distress during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of asthma and partly lower lung function in children. This suggests intrauterine programming for the risk of later-life respiratory disease.
Cancer center support forunderstanding statewide COVID-19 prevalence and earlydetection
Authors: J. Shannon, D. Bangsberg, P. Spellman, B. Barnes, J. Lee Berry, K. Brown, D. DuVivier, K. Goforth, P. Graven, C. Peters, K. Schuff, B. Druker
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

NCI-funded cancer centers are committed to serving the needs of their catchment area at no other time havethese needs been greater or more explicit  To this end many cancer institutes are redirecting the efforts ofCommunity Outreach and Engagement (COE) programs to address COVID-19 related needs  The Knight CancerInstitute, recognizing the substantial resources they bring in community engagement and population science, hastaken a lead role in establishing a statewide study of the prevalence of COVID-19 related symptoms and activedisease  The Knight team has developed and implemented a syndromic and active surveillance system that allowsmonitoring of COVID-19 related symptoms as early indicators of COVID-19 accompanied by symptomatic andasymptomatic testing  The Key to Oregon study, started with state funding, will create a cohort of up to 100,000individuals  Participants are identified with household statewide random sampling with stratification andoversampling for geography (rural/urban) and race/ethnicity  A secure, HIPAA-compliant web-based data entryportal was developed and individuals are consented to provide daily information of symptoms related to COVID-19and a series of additional surveys addressing issues such as financial impact, mental health impact, and physicalimpacts (including cancer screening behaviors) of the COVID-19 pandemic  Individuals meeting symptomthresholds consistent with potential coronavirus infections are offered a mailed, home-based COVID-19 testing kit Additionally, asymptomatic testing of randomly selected individuals will be conducted at regular intervals  In the first2 weeks of recruitment, nearly 10,000 individuals have enrolled  Weekly review of data assesses for recruitmentbias and provides focus for community engagement efforts  The Knight COE team leverages their existingrelationships and infrastructure to support engagement in communities of color, Native American, Latin X, and ruralgroups  Listening sessions have been held and Knight will direct resources to support community organizationscommitted to assisting with outreach for the Key to Oregon study  The value of this study as a mechanism forinforming public health policy and health care resource distribution is immense  Further, the impact, while notimmediate, on cancer research and cancer care is substantial, from building community-level trust that will longoutlast the pandemic, to providing early indicators of infection hot spots that allow susceptible individuals to makepotentially life-saving decisions, to establishing a statewide cohort of individuals who may be re-approached forfuture cancer-related studies  The ability of an NCI-designated cancer center to rapidly and effectively redirect andrepurpose resources has allowed for the development of this innovative statewide resource
Adult‐onset eosinophilic airway diseases
Authors: Koichiro Asano, Shigeharu Ueki, Mayumi Tamari, Yoshimasa Imoto, Shigeharu Fujieda, Masami Taniguchi
Journal: Allergy (2020)

Abstract Eosinophilic airway inflammation is one of the cardinal features of allergic airway diseases such as atopic asthma and allergic rhinitis. These childhood‐onset conditions are mediated by allergen and allergen‐specific IgE and often accompanied by other allergic diseases including food allergy and eczema. They can develop consecutively in the same patient, which is referred to as an allergic march. In contrast, some phenotypes of asthma, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs‐exacerbated airway disease (N‐ERD), chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP)/eosinophilic CRS and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis/mycosis (ABPA/ABPM) are adult‐onset airway diseases, which are characterized by prominent peripheral blood eosinophilia. Most of these conditions, except for ABPA/ABPM, are nonatopic, and the coexistence of multiple diseases, including an adult‐onset eosinophilic systemic disease, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), is common. In this review, we focus on eosinophil biology, genetics and clinical characteristics and the pathophysiology of adult‐onset eosinophilic asthma, N‐ERD, CRSwNP/eosinophilic CRS, ABPA/ABPM and EGPA, while exploring the common genetic, immunological and pathological conditions among these adult‐onset eosinophilic diseases.
Using retrospective adverse event data to assess the impact of visitor management during a pandemic emergency plan at a community oncology practice.
Authors: Larry Edward Bilbrey, Natalie R. Dickson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

146 Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, our community oncology practice, with over 150 providers at 33 locations, incorporated infection control guidance from the CDC into our Pandemic Emergency Plan, including visitor restrictions at all locations. There was an increase in patient fall events in our clinics after visitor restrictions were implemented in March 2020, as there were fewer care-givers available in the clinics to assist patients. Methods: Using our adverse event reporting system, we abstracted and trended all safety events that involved patient falls from March 2019 through May 2020. We compared patient fall events during the period of visitor restriction (March-May 2020) to the same period in 2019, and to the 3 months preceding March 2020 and the implementation of COVID-19 restrictions. We report patient fall events per 1,000 patient visits. Results: Prior to COVID-19, patient fall events averaged .207 falls per 1,000 patient visits for March thru May 2019 and .137 falls per 1,000 patient visits for Dec 2019 thru Feb 2020. Following the implementation of visitor restrictions in March 2020, patient fall events increased to .271 per 1000 visits, with a vast upward trend resulting in .435 patient fall events per 1,000 visits in May of 2020 when the restrictions were tightened, more than double previous averages prior to COVID-19. Conclusions: Family members and care-givers play an important role in the patient’s care team. We are confident that the significant increase in patient falls in May 2020 is attributed to visitor restrictions. These findings support the vital role of family and care-givers in patient safety. They not only provide transportation, emotional support and information on patient health status, but assist with ADLs, ambulation and transfer needs during the patients’ visits to the clinics. Healthcare facilities are often under-resourced and under-staffed to fully address patients’ physical needs. Limiting care-givers during a pandemic may reduce the transmission of infection, but also may lead to other unexpected adverse events. Using these findings, we will be implementing standard fall prevention procedures. The practice’s emergency pandemic plan on visitor restrictions will also be amended to take this into account.
Age-based (&lt;65 vs ≥65 years) incidence of infections and serious infections with tofacitinib versus biological DMARDs in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials and the US Corrona RA registry
Authors: Kevin L Winthrop, Gustavo Citera, David Gold, Dan Henrohn, Carol A Connell, Andrea B Shapiro, Harry Shi, Alina M Onofrei, Dimitrios A Pappas, Hendrik Schulze-Koops
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

A randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint post-authorisation safety study (Study A3921133; NCT02092467; database not locked and subject to change) evaluated the safety of tofacitinib 5 mg and 10 mg twice daily (BID) versus tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) (adalimumab/etanercept) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients aged ≥50 years with ≥1 cardiovascular risk factor. An ad hoc interim safety analysis of Study A3921133 reported incidence rates (IRs) per 100 patient-years (95% CIs) for fatal infections (within 28 days of treatment) and non-fatal serious infection events (SIEs), respectively: tofacitinib 5 mg BID, 0.18 (0.07 to 0.39) and 3.35 (2.78 to 4.01); tofacitinib 10 mg BID, 0.22 (0.09 to 0.46) and 3.51 (2.93 to 4.16); TNFi, 0.06 (0.01 to 0.22) and 2.79 (2.28 to 3.39).1 SIEs risk (fatal/non-fatal) was further increased with tofacitinib in patients aged >65 years versus younger patients; therefore, the European Medicines Agency recommended that older patients should receive tofacitinib when there is no suitable alternative treatment.2 

Further to these recommendations, we sought to assess age-based (<65 vs ≥65 years) SIE risk in RA patients receiving tofacitinib in Phase 2, 3 and 3b/4 tofacitinib studies with a TNFi control/comparator arm,3–5 and in the US Corrona RA registry.

The clinical data set included 2180 patients (tofacitinib 5 mg BID, n=1064 (943.4 patient-years); tofacitinib 10 mg BID, n=306 (236.6 patient-years); adalimumab, n=643 (554.3 patient-years); placebo, n=167 (108.1 patient-years)). Overall, 1841 (84.4%) patients were aged <65 years and 339 (15.6%) ≥65 years. Crude IRs (patients with events/100 patient-years) and HRs were calculated for all first infections and first SIEs, overall and by age.

For all infections (online supplemental figure S1), IRs and infection risk (by HRs) were higher with active treatments versus placebo, and similar across active treatments and age groups. For SIEs (figure 1), IRs were higher in older versus younger patients for active treatments, …
Detection of West Nile virus in a common whitethroat (Curruca communis) and Culex mosquitoes in the Netherlands, 2020
Authors: Reina S Sikkema, Maarten Schrama, Tijs van den Berg, Jolien Morren, Emmanuelle Munger, Louie Krol, Jordy G van der Beek, Rody Blom, Irina Chestakova, Anne van der Linden, Marjan Boter, Tjomme van Mastrigt, Richard Molenkamp, Constantianus JM Koenraadt, Judith MA van den Brand, Bas B Oude Munnink, Marion PG Koopmans, Henk van der Jeugd
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

On 22 August, a common whitethroat in the Netherlands tested positive for West Nile virus lineage 2. The same bird had tested negative in spring. Subsequent testing of Culex mosquitoes collected in August and early September in the same location generated two of 44 positive mosquito pools, providing first evidence for enzootic transmission in the Netherlands. Sequences generated from the positive mosquito pools clustered with sequences that originate from Germany, Austria and the Czech Republic.
Implementing a ride share program for patient transportation home from a hospital admission.
Authors: Erin Lightheart, Colleen Kucharczuk
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

243 Background: This quality improvement project takes place within a large hospital, on a team that manages about 1700 oncology discharges per year. The hospital emphasizes the importance of discharging patients early in the day to encourage more efficient patient flow. On advanced medicine units within the hospital, 19% of discharge delays were reported as stemming from transportation issues related to family being delayed. Methods: A multidisciplinary group utilized a ride share company to implement a HIPPA compliant transportation program. Upon admission, each patient was screened for potential transportation barriers by a coordinator. Patients outside of a 35-mile drive from the hospital were excluded. Patients who expressed a concern about reliable transportation were offered enrollment. The patient completed a consent form, agreeing to be texted by the company with logistical information about their ride. At the end of the patient’s stay, the coordinator scheduled a “will call” ride within the vendor’s electronic system, which could then be activated by the patient via phone upon discharge. The coordinator tracked each patient’s barriers along with an estimated number of hours saved. Results: The average time saved per patient was 5.3 hours and, at peak, the average number of rides per month was 36. The estimated additional capacity created was 7.2 patients annually. About 14% of transportation barrier screenings resulted in a ride being scheduled. Of the patients that declined, 53% preferred to travel with family or friends, 28% were excluded due to distance, 10% were too ill to utilize the service, and 8% declined for other reasons. Conclusions: The intervention provided clear value to the institution and the patient, and the organization is now exploring a system-wide ride share transportation program. The team identified an untapped opportunity in using the program for admissions. Suggested patient populations for expansion include patients leaving the Emergency Department, those with fairly predictable lengths of stay, such as gastrointestinal surgery patients, and populations of relatively lower acuity since they are more likely to be well enough to get into their home without assistance. [Table: see text]
Viscoelastic haemostatic assay augmented protocols for major trauma haemorrhage (ITACTIC): a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: K. Baksaas-Aasen, L. S. Gall, J. Stensballe, N. P. Juffermans, N. Curry, M. Maegele, A. Brooks, C. Rourke, S. Gillespie, J. Murphy, R. Maroni, P. Vulliamy, H. H. Henriksen, K. Holst Pedersen, K. M. Kolstadbraaten, M. R. Wirtz, D. J. B. Kleinveld, N. Schäfer, S. Chinna, R. A. Davenport, P. A. Naess, J. C. Goslings, S. Eaglestone, S. Stanworth, P. I. Johansson, C. Gaarder, K. Brohi
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2020)

Contemporary trauma resuscitation prioritizes control of bleeding and uses major haemorrhage protocols (MHPs) to prevent and treat coagulopathy. We aimed to determine whether augmenting MHPs with Viscoelastic Haemostatic Assays (VHA) would improve outcomes compared to Conventional Coagulation Tests (CCTs).This was a multi-centre, randomized controlled trial comparing outcomes in trauma patients who received empiric MHPs, augmented by either VHA or CCT-guided interventions. Primary outcome was the proportion of subjects who, at 24 h after injury, were alive and free of massive transfusion (10 or more red cell transfusions). Secondary outcomes included 28-day mortality. Pre-specified subgroups included patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).Of 396 patients in the intention to treat analysis, 201 were allocated to VHA and 195 to CCT-guided therapy. At 24 h, there was no difference in the proportion of patients who were alive and free of massive transfusion (VHA: 67%, CCT: 64%, OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.76-1.73). 28-day mortality was not different overall (VHA: 25%, CCT: 28%, OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.54-1.31), nor were there differences in other secondary outcomes or serious adverse events. In pre-specified subgroups, there were no differences in primary outcomes. In the pre-specified subgroup of 74 patients with TBI, 64% were alive and free of massive transfusion at 24 h compared to 46% in the CCT arm (OR 2.12, 95% CI 0.84-5.34).There was no difference in overall outcomes between VHA- and CCT-augmented-major haemorrhage protocols.
Replicability of Treatment Effect in Study of Blood Pressure Lowering With Dementia—Reply
Authors: Conor Judge, Diarmaid Hughes, Michelle Canavan
Journal: JAMA (2020)

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A Novel Inhibitor of HSP70 Induces Mitochondrial Toxicity and Immune Cell Recruitment in Tumors
Authors: Thibaut Barnoud, Jessica C. Leung, Julia I-Ju Leu, Subhasree Basu, Adi Narayana Reddy Poli, Joshua L.D. Parris, Alexandra Indeglia, Tetyana Martynyuk, Madeline Good, Keerthana Gnanapradeepan, Emilio Sanseviero, Rebecca Moeller, Hsin-Yao Tang, Joel Cassel, Andrew V. Kossenkov, Qin Liu, David W. Speicher, Dmitry I. Gabrilovich, Joseph M. Salvino, Donna L. George, Maureen E. Murphy
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

The protein chaperone HSP70 is overexpressed in many cancers including colorectal cancer, where overexpression is associated with poor survival. We report here the creation of a uniquely acting HSP70 inhibitor (HSP70i) that targets multiple compartments in the cancer cell, including mitochondria. This inhibitor was mitochondria toxic and cytotoxic to colorectal cancer cells, but not to normal colon epithelial cells. Inhibition of HSP70 was efficacious as a single agent in primary and metastatic models of colorectal cancer and enabled identification of novel mitochondrial client proteins for HSP70. In a syngeneic colorectal cancer model, the inhibitor increased immune cell recruitment into tumors. Cells treated with the inhibitor secreted danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP), including ATP and HMGB1, and functioned effectively as a tumor vaccine. Interestingly, the unique properties of this HSP70i in the disruption of mitochondrial function and the inhibition of proteostasis both contributed to DAMP release. This HSP70i constitutes a promising therapeutic opportunity in colorectal cancer and may exhibit antitumor activity against other tumor types. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings describe a novel HSP70i that disrupts mitochondrial proteostasis, demonstrating single-agent efficacy that induces immunogenic cell death in treated tumors.
Contact dermatitis to personal care products is increasing (but different!) in males and females: North American Contact Dermatitis Group data, 1996-2016
Authors: Erin M. Warshaw, Jamie P. Schlarbaum, Jonathan I. Silverberg, Joel G. DeKoven, Anthony F. Fransway, James S. Taylor, Howard I. Maibach, Joseph F. Fowler, Amber R. Atwater, Margo J. Reeder, Kathryn A. Zug, Donald V. Belsito, Denis Sasseville, Vincent A. DeLeo, Melanie D. Pratt
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Designing topographically textured microparticles for induction and modulation of osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cell engineering
Authors: Mahetab H. Amer, Marta Alvarez-Paino, Jane McLaren, Francesco Pappalardo, Sara Trujillo, Jing Qian Wong, Sumana Shrestha, Salah Abdelrazig, Lee A. Stevens, Jong Bong Lee, Dong-Hyun Kim, Cristina González-García, David Needham, Manuel Salmerón-Sánchez, Kevin M. Shakesheff, Morgan R. Alexander, Cameron Alexander, Felicity RAJ Rose
Journal: Biomaterials (2020)

Mesenchymal stem cells are the focus of intense research in bone development and regeneration. The potential of microparticles as modulating moieties of osteogenic response by utilizing their architectural features is demonstrated herein. Topographically textured microparticles of varying microscale features are produced by exploiting phase-separation of a readily soluble sacrificial component from polylactic acid. The influence of varying topographical features on primary human mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation and markers of osteogenesis is investigated. In the absence of osteoinductive supplements, cells cultured on textured microparticles exhibit notably increased expression of osteogenic markers relative to conventional smooth microparticles. They also exhibit varying morphological, attachment and proliferation responses. Significantly altered gene expression and metabolic profiles are observed, with varying histological characteristics in vivo. This study highlights how tailoring topographical design offers cell-instructive 3D microenvironments which allow manipulation of stem cell fate by eliciting the desired downstream response without use of exogenous osteoinductive factors.