tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MUCOSAL CAPILLARY PATTERN RECOGNITION WITH REAL-TIME COMPUTER-BASED IMAGE ANALYSIS DETECTS HISTOLOGICAL REMISSION IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Authors: P Bossuyt, G De Hertogh, T Eelbode, S Vermeire, R Bisschops
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims The management of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) requires objective targets. Automated endoscopic systems that correlate with histology can be objective and predictive for sustained remission. The infiltration of neutrophils is associated with irregularities of the pericryptal capillaries. We aimed to develop an objective automated endoscopic tool to assess histological remission based on the evaluation of the morphology of the pericryptal capillaries during endoscopy.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ALLEVIATES THE TEDIOUS TASK OF READING SMALL BOWEL CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY RECORDINGS
Authors: Romain Leenhardt, Marc Souchaud, Aymeric Becq, Aymeric Histace, Xavier Dray
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a disruptive technology that has the potential of alleviating the tedious and time-consuming task of reading small bowel (SB) capsule endoscopy (CE) videos. This videocase illustrates the concept of automated SB reading of CE recordings. Two SB-CE (Pillcam SB3, Medtronic, USA) recordings are presented, one with angiectasias, one with superficial ulcerations. All lesions identified by CE expert readers were detected, segmented and characterized as well by a neural network-based software (Augmented Endoscopy, France), with significant decreases of the reading times (30 vs 5 minutes).
ENDOSCOPIC INTERNAL DRAINAGE VS. LOW NEGATIVE PRESSURE ENDOLUMINAL VACUUM THERAPY FOR LEAKAGES AFTER ONCOLOGIC UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY
Authors: CFM Jung, A Müller-Dornieden, R Hallit, M Calmels, U Chaput, X Dray, JM Gonzalez, M Barthet, J Jacques, R Legros, D Goere, J Gaedcke, M Ghadimi, S Kunsch, Volker Ellenrieder, S Chaussade, E Wedi, M Barret
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Endoscopic internal drainage using pigtail stents (EID) serves as treatment option for leakages after upper GI oncologic surgery. Endoluminal vacuum therapy (EVT) also offers high closure rates and active therapy surveillance. Secretion drainage and mucosal irrigation are mechanisms of action. Both treatments have not been compared in larger studies.
Evaluation of the in-vitro ROS scavenging activity of triphala and gallic acid and their potential as chemopreventive agents
Authors: Larry Russell, Ramesh Badisa, Zhi-Ping Zhu, Carl Goodman
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

5483  In recent years, the screening of natural products as potential chemopreventive/anticancer drugs has emerged as a leading area in cancer research. Effective synthetic drugs have historically been shown to also have many detrimental side effects that can be as deadly as the diseases they treat. Therefore, the investigation of natural products is necessary to find new treatment modalities that will work alone or synergistically with synthetics to eradicate cancer in the absence of these harmful side effects. Triphala (TPL) and gallic acid (3,4,5, trihydroxybenzoic acid) are two polyphenol containing natural products that have been shown to have potent antiproliferative/antitumor activity (anticancer activity) in various cancer cell lines. TPL, a 2000 year old herbal drug formulated from the Indian Ayurvedic medical system, consists of the dried and powdered fruits of three plants mixed in a 1:1:1 ratio (Emblica officinalis, Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia chebula). We previously found TPL to be 40% gallic acid (GA) via total polyphenol content (TPC) studies utilizing the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) method. TPL was also shown to be prooxidant in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, while having significantly less toxicity in normal MCF-10 breast epithelial cells, although the role of GA in this antioxidant/prooxidant activity has yet to be confirmed. It has also been shown that free radicals play a significant role in the initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer. Thus, compounds with high scavenging activity are likely to play a prominent role in preventing and possibly ameliorating this disease. Therefore in the present study, we have evaluated the in-vitro antioxidative activity of TPL and GA using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method to assess the chemopreventive potential of these compounds and to delineate the role of GA in TPL’s antioxidant activity. The preliminary data strongly indicated that both TPL and GA possess very potent antioxidant activity, although GA (EC50 = 1.6 μg/ml) was shown to have significantly higher antioxidant activity as compared to TPL (EC50 = 7.7 μg/ml). With the previously cited anticancer ROS-mediated apoptotic pathways induced in various cancer cells by TPL, this study shows that these compounds may also be effective chemopreventive agents, and this ability may be primarily due to the presence of the polyphenol GA in the TPL formulation.  This research project was supported by NCRR/RCMI G12RR03020, NIGMS/MBRS/SCORE GM08111, and HRSA SD34HP04018.
Covid-19: Doctors make bid for public inquiry into lack of PPE for frontline workers
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The Doctors Association UK and the Good Law Project have launched legal action to try to force the UK government to set up a public inquiry into the failure to procure and distribute enough personal protective equipment (PPE) for frontline health and social care workers in the covid-19 pandemic.

The move comes after some 200 health and care workers are thought to have died from covid-19 and many doctors have complained about a shortage of the right gowns, masks, and visors.

Article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights puts the government under a positive obligation to take appropriate measures to safeguard life. Apart from …
DOES QUALITY OF SCREENING COLONOSCOPY DIFFER BY WEEKDAY?
Authors: A Hinterbergre, D Penz, E Waldmann-Kammerlander, B Majcher, A Szymanska, A Asaturi, M Ferlitsch
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Previous studies showed, that the so called „weekend effect“ exists, which means that health care on weekends is worse than on regular weekdays (Huijts DD et al., J Natl Compr Canc Netw., 2019). Aim was to see if quality of screening colonoscopy is also worse on weekends, using the adenoma detection rate (ADR) as quality indicator.
Circulating Immature Cell Counts on the Harvest Day Predict the Yields of CD34+ Cells Collected After Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Plus Chemotherapy-Induced Mobilization of Peripheral Blood Stem Cell
Authors: Takanori Teshima, Kazutaka Sunami, Akihiro Bessho, Katsuji Shinagawa, Eijiro Omoto, Hiroshi Ueoka, Mine Harada, Yuju Ohno, Tsuyoshi Miyoshi, Toshihiro Miyamoto, Masakazu Higuchi
Journal: Blood (1997)
Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography with the "Skinny" Needle
Authors: Raul Pereiras, Roberto O. Chiprut, Richard A. Greenwald, Eugene R. Schiff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Abstract One hundred thirty-one cases of cholestasis were evaluated by skinny needle percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. The biliary tree was seen in 129 patients (98.5%). When the biliary...
Rammya Mathew: Innovation during the pandemic
Authors: Rammya Mathew
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Like many others, in recent weeks I’ve stepped into various clinical roles to support the response to covid-19. A few weeks ago I started triaging calls from patients with suspected covid-19 who had contacted the NHS 111 telephone service. Now I find myself working in a primary care “hot service” developed by our GP federation, where we have the facilities to see and assess patients with suspected covid-19 face to face in a dedicated clinic or, if required, in their home. It’s been energising to be a part of this, but at times it’s also been unnerving.

Being immersed …
UNEXPECTED FINDING DURING CROHN’S DISEASE FOLLOW-UP
Authors: LM Grazioli, V Gerardi, SM Milluzzo, C Spada
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

A 66 year-old caucasian male with gastric, ileal, pancolonic and rectal Crohn’s disease diagnosed on July 2017, in treatment with Infliximab, underwent CT-enterography to evaluate intestinal inflammation on September 2019. CT-enterography showed a 4 cm hypodense mass in pancreatic body invading stomach and in contact with splenic vessels and two liver metastases, unrevealed 6 months earlier with CT-scan. Contrast-Enhanced-EUS was performed showing irregular mass perfusion. Sampling was obtained with EUS-FNB. Histology revealed a pancreatic squamous cell carcinoma. Gemcitabine + oxaliplatin regimen was started. This tumour has never been reported in literature in patients with Crohn’s disease treated with Infliximab.
Time-Dependent Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Alopecia Areata in Korea
Authors: Jung-Won Shin, Taeuk Kang, Ji Sung Lee, Min Ji Kang, Chang-Hun Huh, Min-Su Kim, Hyun Jung Kim, Hyeong Sik Ahn
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Alopecia areata (AA) is a common autoimmune disease presenting as nonscarring hair loss. Although AA can be associated with other autoimmune comorbidities or atopic diseases, little is known about the risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients with AA. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and cardiovascular risk profiles (CVRPs) in patients with AA via a large-scale epidemiologic study. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This was a retrospective cohort study using data from the Korean National Health Insurance claims database, including data from the National Health Screening Program. Patients aged 30 to 89 years who were newly diagnosed with AA between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2017, and controls without AA matched by age and sex were enrolled. Data were analyzed between July 2018 and August 2019. <h3>Exposures</h3> Presence of AA. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The CVRPs and incidence rates of AMI were assessed in participants with and without AA. The stratified Cox regression hazard model was used to estimate the relative hazards over time. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 228 886 patients with AA, ranging in age from 30 to 89 years (mean [SE] age, 44.37 [0.005] years; 127 564 [55.7%] men) and 4 577 720 matched controls without AA were identified. Patients with AA tended to have slightly better CVRPs than controls in all items except smoking status before and after the diagnosis (participants with normal systolic blood pressure who were nonsmokers: 44.6% vs 42.7% and 57.8% vs 61.6% in patients with AA vs controls before and after the diagnosis, respectively). In the early phase of observation, the cumulative incidence of AMI in patients with AA was lower than that in controls (incidence rate ratio of AMI in patients with AA compared with that in controls, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.42-0.65] between 2-4 years); however, during the later phase of the 12-year follow-up period, it increased exponentially and was greater than in the control group (incidence rate ratio, 2.06 [95% CI, 1.71–2.45] between 8-10 years). Similarly, after adjusting for CVRPs, the risk of developing AMI was lower in patients with AA than in controls at the beginning of the observation period (adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 0.17 [95% CI, 0.12-0.25] between 0-2 years); however, by 8 years postdiagnosis, the risk was higher in those with AA (adjusted HR, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.11-1.70] between 8-10 years), and it increased thereafter (adjusted HR, 4.51 [95% CI, 3.65-5.58] between 10-12 years). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In patients with AA, there was a significantly increased risk of AMI over time during the 12-year follow-up period independent of CVRPs. Close long-term monitoring of cardiovascular health in patients with AA might be appropriate.
Gastroscopic surveillance with targeted biopsies compared with random biopsies in CDH1 mutation carriers
Authors: Jolanda M. van Dieren, Liudmila L. Kodach, Peggy den Hartog, Lizet E. van der Kolk, Karolina Sikorska, Marie-Louise F. van Velthuysen, Johanna W. van Sandick, Willem J. Koemans, Petur Snaebjornsson, Annemieke Cats
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Abstract Background The International Gastric Cancer Linkage Consortium (IGCLC) consensus guideline advises prophylactic gastrectomy in early adulthood to prevent gastric cancer development in CDH1 germline mutation carriers; psychosocial reasons may postpone gastrectomy. We analyzed the yield of signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) during surveillance gastroscopy in CDH1 mutation carriers. Methods A retrospective analysis on surveillance gastroscopies in CDH1 mutation carriers was performed. The yield of SRCC in both targeted and random biopsies was studied. Endoscopic (biopsy) results were compared with the histopathologic outcomes in gastrectomy specimens. Results 42 CDH1 mutation carriers (18 men; mean age 43, range 20–82 years) underwent 96 surveillance gastroscopies. SRCC lesions were identified on surveillance gastroscopy in 21 patients (50 %), by either targeted biopsies only (n = 11), random biopsies only (n = 3), or both random and targeted biopsies (n = 7). SRCC was detected in 41 /377 targeted biopsies (11 %), whereas random biopsies revealed SRCC in 14/1563 biopsies (0.9 %). At least one SRCC lesion was found in 26 of 30 gastrectomy specimens. In 18 of these 26 specimens (69 %), SRCC had been identified by endoscopic biopsies. Missed lesions were all small superficial SRCC foci, mainly in the body of the stomach. Conclusion In our cohort of CDH1 mutation carriers, SRCC lesions were identified by an extensive endoscopic surveillance protocol in 69 % of SRCC-positive patients who underwent a gastric resection. The low number of SRCC detected through random sampling demands a critical reappraisal of random biopsy sampling in the IGCLC guideline.
NEEDLE TRACT SEEDING (NTS) OF THE STOMACH AFTER EUS-GUIDED-BIOPSY OF A RENAL CANCER METASTASIS OF THE PANCREAS – ARTERIAL BLEEDING AFTER BIOPSY MANAGED BY OTSC
Authors: S Freund, VF Mouris, A Ebigbo, C Schöler, M Anthuber, H Messmann, S Gölder
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

A 62-year-old patient underwent left-sided nephrectomy due to a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in 2011. The postoperative tumor classification was pT1a,pNx,L0,V0,G2,R0.
Comparative Efficacy of Interventions for Aggressive and Agitated Behaviors in Dementia
Authors: Jennifer A. Watt, Zahra Goodarzi, Areti Angeliki Veroniki, Vera Nincic, Paul A. Khan, Marco Ghassemi, Yuan Thompson, Andrea C. Tricco, Sharon E. Straus
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

This network meta-analysis of 163 randomized trials compares the efficacy of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions for treating aggression and agitation in adults with dementia.
BILIARY PNEUMATOSIS IN A PATIENT WITH CHOLANGITIS, A NOVEL FINDING
Authors: C Mangas-Sanjuan, M Bozhychko, L Medina-Prado, S Baile-Maxía, B Martínez, JF Martínez, JA Casellas, JR Aparicio
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

A 72-year-old man with secondary sclerosing cholangitis, cholecystectomy and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy, was admitted with a new episode of cholangitis. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography showed multiple strictures along the right and left intrahepatic ducts. Percutaneous radiological management failed because of impassable stenosis. Thereafter, an endoscopic duodenojejunostomy with a lumen apposing metal stent was performed. A calculus within the segment-III of the liver was removed. Endoscopy revealed submucosal blebs in the left intrahepatic duct. Some blebs were punctured with a sclerotherapy needle to confirm the presence of gas in the duct walls. Those gas-filled blebs were consistent with the novel finding: biliary pneumatosis.
ENDOSCOPIC PAPILLECTOMY IN A LARGE MULTICENTER OBSERVATIONAL STUDY: STILL WAY FOR IMPROVEMENT
Authors: H Gondran, E Coron, N Musquer, EPC Robles, P Dreprez, F Buisson, A Berger, E Cesbron-Métivier, T Wallenhorst, N David, F Cholet, B Perrot
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Endoscopic papillectomy (EP) is reported to be a relative safe and efficient treatment for selective tumors of the ampulla of Vater, with lower morbidity and mortality rates than surgery. However, large-scale studies are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EP and to determine risk factors for recurrence and complications.
Treatment pattern by hormone receptors and HER2 status in patients with metastatic breast cancer in the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Spain, and Italy (EU-5): Results from a physician survey.
Authors: Mitch DeKoven, Vijayveer Bonthapally, Won Chan Lee, Prathamesh Pathak, Xiaolong Jiao, Saurabh Ray
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

570 Background: The differences in country-specific treatment patterns across Europe for Stage IV metastatic breast cancer (mBC) patients have not been extensively studied. This study compared treatment choices, by biomarker status, between various lines of therapy (LOT) in clinical practice in the EU-5 countries among newly diagnosed stage IV mBC patients. Methods: The IMS LifeLink Oncology Analyzer (OA) database, based upon practicing oncologist surveys, was used to identify mBC patients aged ≥21 and surveyed between July 2008 – June 2010. The database encompasses over 100,000 unique patients per year, treated by nearly 3,000 physicians, including nearly 60,000 patients and 800 physicians in the EU5. Results: A total of 152,311 mBC patients were included in the study. In Italy, 30.8% of HER2+/HR+ patients received chemotherapy following mBC diagnosis, as compared to only 8.6% in France. The majority of these patients in France received chemotherapy plus a HER2 targeted therapy (58.2%) as their first treatment. For HER2+/ HR- patients, chemotherapy plus a HER2 targeted therapy was provided to the majority of the patients in France (70.8%), with the UK providing this regimen to the fewest patients with this biomarker status (44.9%). Monotherapy hormonal regimens were given as a first LOT for HER2-/HR+ patients (UK 64.7%, Spain 52.8%). Triple negative patients received chemotherapy (UK 84.1% as compared to France 57.3%) or chemotherapy plus bevacizumab (France 36.6% as compared to UK 0.9%) as a first treatment. Conclusions: Thisstudy confirmed that chemotherapy combined with HER2-targeted therapy was the most frequent initial treatment option for HER2+ patients, while the vast majority of ER/PR+ patients were initially treated by hormonal therapy, suggesting that a personalized medicine approach has been accepted in the EU-5. However, the use of HER2-targeted therapy and bevacizumab greatly varied; while they were most frequently used in France, they were least frequently opted for in the UK. Also, fewer treatment options existed for triple negative patients and patients with HER2+ disease following trastuzumab treatment.
Comparison of Consumer Rankings With Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services Five-Star Rankings of Nursing Homes
Authors: Dana B. Mukamel, David L. Weimer, Yuxi Shi, Heather Ladd, Debra Saliba
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Five-Star measure for nursing homes is designed with input from expert panels about the importance of multiple quality indicators. Consumers may assign different values to these indicators, creating different 5-star ratings.To compare nursing homes' rankings based on the CMS Five-Star measure with rankings based on consumers' judgment about the importance of the same quality indicators.In this quality improvement study, CMS Five-Star data were linked with a measure calculated from CMS quality indicators and consumer values obtained from a national survey. Data covered the last quarter of 2016 and the first three quarters of 2017. The study included 10 676 nursing homes, comprising 69.8% of those with reported Five-Star measures. The national survey included adults, either nursing home residents or their family members who reported being familiar with the quality of care their relative received. Data analysis was performed from January 2019 to February 2020.The contingent valuation method was administered via the survey to obtain consumers' relative values of the quality indicators, and statistical analyses were used to create the contingent valuation measure. Agreement in nursing home rankings was assessed using the Five-Star measure, which is based on weights developed by expert panels, compared with rankings based on the contingent valuation measure.Among 10 676 study nursing homes with a mean (SD) of 119.4 (59.4) beds, 7845 (73.5%) were for profit, 6424 (61.8%) were part of a chain, and 8009 (75.0%) were urban. The 4310 survey respondents (mean [SD] age, 39.9 [15.6] years; 1143 [26.5%] men; 3448 [80%] white) included mostly family members (3879 participants [90.0%]). The Pearson correlation coefficient (0.65) and weighted κ statistics (0.48) indicated only moderate agreement between ranking of nursing homes' performance by the 2 measures and disagreement on ranking for approximately one-half of the nursing homes.Current nursing home report cards might not reflect consumers' values and the relative importance consumers place on each of the quality indicators that compose the overall Five-Star measure. Quality report cards might be more relevant to consumers by augmenting the Five-Star measure with a measure reflecting consumers' preferences. It is unknown whether these conclusions are generalizable to other report cards, such as Hospital and Home Health Compare, without conducting similar studies for these report cards.
SinoDuplex: An Improved Duplex Sequencing Approach to Detect Low-Frequency Variants in Plasma cfDNA Samples
Authors: Yongzhe Ren, Yang Zhang, Dandan Wang, Fengying Liu, Ying Fu, Shaohua Xiang, Li Su, Jiancheng Li, Heng Dai, Bingding Huang
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2020)

Abstract Accurate detection of low frequency mutations from plasma cell-free DNA in blood using targeted next generation sequencing technology has shown promising benefits in clinical settings. Duplex sequencing technology is the most commonly used approach in liquid biopsies. Unique molecular identifiers are attached to each double-stranded DNA template, followed by production of low-error consensus sequences to detect low frequency variants. However, high sequencing costs have hindered application of this approach in clinical practice. Here, we have developed an improved duplex sequencing approach called SinoDuplex, which utilizes a pool of adapters containing pre-defined barcode sequences to generate far fewer barcode combinations than with random sequences, and implemented a novel computational analysis algorithm to generate duplex consensus sequences more precisely. SinoDuplex increased the output of duplex sequencing technology, making it more cost-effective. We evaluated our approach using reference standard samples and cell-free DNA samples from lung cancer patients. Our results showed that SinoDuplex has high sensitivity and specificity in detecting very low allele frequency mutations. The source code for SinoDuplex is freely available at https://github.com/SinOncology/sinoduplex.
Correction: Retention and viral suppression in a cohort of HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy in Zambia: Regionally representative estimates using a multistage-sampling-based approach
Authors: Izukanji Sikazwe, Ingrid Eshun-Wilson, Kombatende Sikombe, Nancy Czaicki, Paul Somwe, Aaloke Mody, Sandra Simbeza, David V. Glidden, Elizabeth Chizema, Lloyd B. Mulenga, Nancy Padian, Chris J. Duncombe, Carolyn Bolton-Moore, Laura K. Beres, Charles B. Holmes, Elvin Geng
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2019)