tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regional variation in survival after metastatic prostate cancer diagnosis.
Authors: Darius Lakdawalla, Charu Gupta, Yesenia L Luna, Stephen F Thompson, Muralikrishna Tangirala, Daniel B Ng, Leonardo Nicacio, Daniella Perlroth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

4666 Background: Survival after diagnosis of metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) averages 2-3 years. Substantial regional differences in survival have been documented for PC prior to 2000. We investigated the extent to which regional variation exists in survival for mPC patients during 2000-2007. Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database linked to Medicare claims, we identified men (mean age, 77.6 years) continuously enrolled in Medicare Parts A/B who were diagnosed with mPC between 2000 and 2007 and not diagnosed with another malignancy. The base-case model was limited to hospital service areas with &gt;50 patients. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for overall survival (OS), adjusting for year of diagnosis, age, marital status, poverty and education covariates, Gleason score, comorbidities, and region covariates. Sensitivity of results was tested by limiting the analysis to patients surviving at least 6 months after diagnosis and by removing regional sample size limits. We report HRs for covariates, results of a Wald test of joint significance for region effects, and percentage difference from the mean for each region’s HR for death. Results: A total of 2696 patients with mPC met the inclusion criteria. OS was 37% at 3 years and mean HR for death was 4.8 (sd 2.1). HRs for death were positively correlated with age (HR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.6-2.3 for &gt;80 years), PC-specific comorbidity index (HR=1.2, 95% CI: 1.1-1.3), and Gleason score (HR=6.6, 95% CI: 2.4-17.8 for poorly differentiated). Year of diagnosis, race, and socioeconomic status were not significantly associated with mortality. Wald test of joint significance for survival across regions of P=.019 indicated significant differences in survival across regions and was robust in sensitivity analyses. Patients living in regions with the worst survival rates had HRs for death that were 20% higher than the mean (HR=5.8) and those living in regions with the best survival rates had HRs 30% lower than the mean (HR=3.4). Conclusions: There are significant regional differences in survival for mPC patients in the 2000s. Further research is needed to determine if treatment differences play a role in this disparity.
Genetic risk of extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma: a genome-wide association study in multiple populations
Authors: Guo-Wang Lin, Caigang Xu, Kexin Chen, Hui-Qiang Huang, Jieping Chen, Bao Song, John K C Chan, Wenyu Li, Weiping Liu, Lee-Yung Shih, Wen-Yu Chuang, Won Seog Kim, Wen Tan, Rou-Jun Peng, Yurike Laurensia, Daryl Ming Zhe Cheah, DaChuan Huang, Chee Leong Cheng, Yi-Jiun Su, Soo-Yong Tan, Siok-Bian Ng, Tiffany Pooi Ling Tang, Kyudong Han, Vivien Ya-Fan Wang, Wei-Hua Jia, Zhong Pei, Ya-Jun Li, Song Gao, Yongyong Shi, Zhibin Hu, Furen Zhang, Ben Zhang, Yi-Xin Zeng, Hongbing Shen, Lin He, Choon Kiat Ong, Soon Thye Lim, Stephen Chanock, Yok-Lam Kwong, Dongxin Lin, Nathaniel Rothman, Chiea Chuen Khor, Qing Lan, Jin-Xin Bei, Wing-Yan Au, Brian Chiu, Lei Fan, Zheng Li, Tai Hing LAM, Raymond Liang, Su-Peng Yeh, Jun Xu, Dennis Kai Ming Ip, Gandi Li, Gang Xu, Xiaodong Wang, Ou Bai, Qing-Qing Cai, Yi Xia, Jie-Rong Chen, Chun-Ling Luo, Xiang-Yu Xiong, Yanni Zeng, Pan-Pan Wei, Chu-Jun Liu, Yu-Xiang Liu, Yu-Lu Cao, Shuai He, Yang Liu, Jeslin Chian Hung Ha, Lay Poh Khoo, Rebecca Xiangpin Kee, Jing Tan, Yanhui Liu, Fen Zhang, Yanfen Feng, Huilan Rao, Wee Joo Chng, Jason Yong Sheng Chan, Nagavalli D/O Somasundaram, Miriam Tao, Mohamad Farid Bin Harunal Ras, Kheng-Wei Yeoh, Yeow Tee Goh, Shin Yeu Ong, Nicholas Francis Grigoropoulos, Esther Kam Yin Wong, Jane Wan Lu Pang, Jing Quan Lim, Burton Kuan Hui Chia, Seok Jin Kim, Sang Eun Yoon, Seungkyu Choi, Ching-Yuan Kuo, Tsai-Yun Chen, Yu-Chieh Su, Wen-Tsung Huang, Ming-Yang Lee, Wenxiu Yao, Kai-Cheong Ngan, Herman Liu, Harold Lee, Sze-Fai Yip, Jie Liu, Jianyong Li, Charles S. Rabkin, Sonja Berndt, Bryan Bassig, Wei Hu, Mingfeng Zhao, Yuming Li, Qiongli Zhai, Zonghong Shao, Lugui Qiu, Jianxiang Wang, Fu-Ping Xu, Ling Chen, Yu Hou, Shuangnian Xu, Zhen Huang, Mingling Xie, Ming Li, Shilong Zhong, Yan Zhang, Dongqing Gu, Xin Wang, Jia Nee Foo, Zhiqiang Li, Juncheng Dai, Liangdan Sun, Zhenzhen Wang, Hong Liu, Hui Zhou, Yonghu Sun, Woon-Puay Koh, Chew-Kiat Heng, Chew Soo Hong, Jeeyun Ahn, Kyu Hyung Park, Aung Tin, Jieruo Gu, Xiaojun Xia, Bo Li, Xueqing Yu
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2019)
GMC ends private screening offering for staff after BMJ evidence review finds no benefit
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2019)

The General Medical Council has decided to stop offering private health screening to its staff after an evidence review it commissioned found that there was no benefit.

The GMC asked the BMJ Technology Assessment Group to carry out an evidence review of what it had been offering to staff, and decided not to renew its screening contract after it found “no evidence of additional benefit to the screening on offer beyond that which is already freely available on the NHS.”

The …
Data‐driven physiologic thresholds for iron deficiency associated with hematologic decline
Authors: Brody H. Foy, Aodong Li, James P. McClung, Rajesh Ranganath, John M. Higgins
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2019)

Abstract Iron‐deficiency contributes to a ∼50% of anemia prevalence worldwide, but reference intervals for iron status tests are not optimized for anemia diagnosis. To address this limitation, we identified the serum ferritin (SF) thresholds associated with hematologic decline in iron‐deficient patients, and the SF thresholds from which an SF increase was associated with hematologic improvement. Paired red blood cell and SF measurements were analysed from two adult cohorts at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), from 2008‐2011 (N = 48 409), and 2016‐2018 (N = 10 042). Inter‐patient measurements in the first cohort were used to define optimal SF thresholds based on the physiologic relationship between SF and red cell measurements. Intra‐patient measurements (1‐26 weeks apart) in the second cohort were used to identify SF thresholds from which an SF increase was associated, with an increase in red cell measurements. The identified optimal SF thresholds varied with age, sex and red cell measure. Thresholds associated with a ∼5% decline in red cell index were typically in the range 10‐25 ng/mL. Thresholds for younger women (18‐45 year) were ∼5 ng/mL lower than for older women (60‐95 years), and ∼10 ng/mL lower than for men. Thresholds from which a subsequent increase in SF was associated with a concomitant increase in red cell measure showed similar patterns: younger women had lower thresholds (∼15 ng/mL) than older women (∼25 ng/mL), or men (∼35 ng/mL). These results suggest that diagnostic accuracy may be improved by setting different SF thresholds for younger women, older women, and men. This study illustrates how clinical databases may provide physiologic evidence for improved diagnostic thresholds.
Assessment of Accuracy and Usability of a Fee Estimator for Ambulatory Care in an Integrated Health Care Delivery Network
Authors: Cheryl D. Stults, Jiang Li, Dominick L. Frosch, Hari Krishnan, Gregg Smith-McCurdy, Veena G. Jones, Albert S. Chan
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

<h3>Importance</h3> Given increased enrollment in high-deductible health insurance plans and mandates from the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, individualized price transparency tools are needed. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess accuracy and initial user experience of a cost estimation tool for ambulatory procedures delivered via an online patient portal and informed by real-time data feeds from third-party payers. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This quality improvement study included patients aged 18 years and older at an integrated health care system in Northern California. Data from patients who used the cost estimator tool from August 21, 2018, to April 9, 2019, and who had matching explanation of benefits statements were used to assess accuracy of the tool. User experience was assessed with a brief survey completed online or via postal mail. Data were analyzed from April 15, 2019, to October 11, 2019. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Tool accuracy and user experience and satisfaction. <h3>Results</h3> As of April 30, 2019, 4610 estimates (3569 [77.4%] via internet; 1041 [22.6%] via telephone) were produced using the cost estimator tool. Among 342 individuals who had an estimate and a matching explanation of benefits statement, 287 estimates (83.9%) were accurate. All 342 individuals with an estimate and an explanation of benefits statement were invited to participate in a user survey, and 125 individuals completed the survey (36.5% response rate). Survey respondents included 92 (73.6%) women, 72 (57.6%) non-Hispanic white participants , 91 participants (72.8%) with a college degree or higher, and 55 participants (44.0%) with an income of $100 000 per year or higher. Mean (SD) age was 46.8 (13.1) years. Ninety-nine participants (79.2%) found the tool easy to use, 109 participants (87.2%) would use it again, and 100 participants (80.0%) would recommend it to others. Seven participants (5.6%) reported contacting a clinician about the estimate, and 12 participants (9.6%) changed their decision based on the estimate. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This quality improvement study is the first report of an online cost estimator in an integrated health care delivery network. The findings suggest that the tool, informed by real-time data feeds from third-party payers, was easy to use and provided accurate results. Increasing the number of searchable services and sharing best practices with other health care systems who share the same portal platform are the next steps for the tool.
Standardised shorter regimens <i>versus</i> individualised longer regimens for rifampin- or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Syed Abidi, Jay Achar, Mourtala Mohamed Assao Neino, Didi Bang, Andrea Benedetti, Sarah Brode, Jonathon R. Campbell, Esther C. Casas, Francesca Conradie, Gunta Dravniece, Philipp du Cros, Dennis Falzon, Ernesto Jaramillo, Christopher Kuaban, Zhiyi Lan, Christoph Lange, Pei Zhi Li, Mavluda Makhmudova, Aung Kya Jai Maug, Dick Menzies, Giovanni Battista Migliori, Ann Miller, Bakyt Myrzaliev, Norbert Ndjeka, Jürgen Noeske, Nargiza Parpieva, Alberto Piubello, Valérie Schwoebel, Welile Sikhondze, Rupak Singla, Mahamadou Bassirou Souleymane, Arnaud Trébucq, Armand Van Deun, Kerri Viney, Karin Weyer, Betty Jingxuan Zhang, Faiz Ahmad Khan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2019)

We sought to compare the effectiveness of two World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended regimens for the treatment of rifampin- or multidrug-resistant (RR/MDR) tuberculosis (TB): a standardised regimen of 9–12 months (the “shorter regimen”) and individualised regimens of ≥20 months (“longer regimens”). We collected individual patient data from observational studies identified through systematic reviews and a public call for data. We included patients meeting WHO eligibility criteria for the shorter regimen: not previously treated with second-line drugs, and with fluoroquinolone- and second-line injectable agent-susceptible RR/MDR-TB. We used propensity score matched, mixed effects meta-regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios and adjusted risk differences (aRDs) for failure or relapse, death within 12 months of treatment initiation and loss to follow-up. We included 2625 out of 3378 (77.7%) individuals from nine studies of shorter regimens and 2717 out of 13 104 (20.7%) individuals from 53 studies of longer regimens. Treatment success was higher with the shorter regimen than with longer regimens (pooled proportions 80.0% versus 75.3%), due to less loss to follow-up with the former (aRD −0.15, 95% CI −0.17– −0.12). The risk difference for failure or relapse was slightly higher with the shorter regimen overall (aRD 0.02, 95% CI 0–0.05) and greater in magnitude with baseline resistance to pyrazinamide (aRD 0.12, 95% CI 0.07–0.16), prothionamide/ethionamide (aRD 0.07, 95% CI −0.01–0.16) or ethambutol (aRD 0.09, 95% CI 0.04–0.13). In patients meeting WHO criteria for its use, the standardised shorter regimen was associated with substantially less loss to follow-up during treatment compared with individualised longer regimens and with more failure or relapse in the presence of resistance to component medications. Our findings support the need to improve access to reliable drug susceptibility testing.
Risk of Hemorrhage in Patients with Polycythemia Vera Exposed to Aspirin in Combination with Anticoagulants: Results of a Prospective, Multicenter, Observational Cohort Study (REVEAL)
Authors: Jeffrey I. Zwicker, David S. Lessen, Philomena Colucci, Dilan Paranagama, Michael R. Grunwald
Journal: Blood (2019)
New developments in neutrophil biology and periodontitis
Authors: George Hajishengallis
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2019)

Abstract Neutrophils have been historically associated with antimicrobial functions in acute infections but are now appreciated as functionally versatile cells with critical roles in chronic inflammation. Recent advances in neutrophil biology have contributed to a better understanding of periodontal disease pathogenesis and, reciprocally, the study of periodontitis has led to important insights into neutrophil regulation and function. Here, the contributions by our group to this field through interdisciplinary collaboration are discussed. The study of leukocyte adhesion deficiency‐associated periodontitis has revealed that the connection of neutrophils with destructive inflammation may involve mechanisms beyond the typical bystander injury dogma. In this regard, neutrophils are required for important immunomodulatory functions and their absence from the periodontium leads to dysregulated overproduction of interleukin‐17, which drives inflammatory bone loss. We have also discovered that both the production of neutrophils in the bone marrow and their recruitment to peripheral tissues, including the periodontium, are homeostatically regulated by a secreted protein designated developmental endothelial locus‐1. However, developmental endothelial locus‐1 expression, and hence developmental endothelial locus‐1‐dependent homeostasis, declines considerably with aging and contributes to an increased susceptibility to periodontitis in old age. Moreover, our work has mechanistically supported the concept that periodontitis is a dysbiotic disease and we have shown that neutrophils become targets of immune subversion by periodontal bacteria in a manner that promotes dysbiosis. The mechanism involves microbial exploitation of key neutrophil receptors (complement C5a receptor‐1 and toll‐like receptor‐2), leading to crosstalk signaling that uncouples neutrophil‐mediated killing (which is impaired) from neutrophil‐induced inflammation (which is enhanced). These studies have collectively established new mechanisms governing the protective and destructive functions of neutrophils in periodontitis and offered targeted host‐modulation approaches for the treatment of periodontal diseases.
Hepatic and intestinal biotransformation gene expression and drug disposition in a dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mouse model
Authors: Xiaoyu Fan, Xinxin Ding, Qing-Yu Zhang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2019)

We examined the impact of gut inflammation on the expression of cytochrome P450 (P450) and other biotransformation genes in male mice using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model. Several P450 isoforms, including CYP1A, CYP2B, CYP2C, and CYP3A, were down-regulated, accompanied by decreases in microsomal metabolism of diclofenac and nifedipine, in the liver and small intestine. The impact of the colitis on in vivo clearance of oral drugs varied for four different drugs tested: a small decrease for nifedipine, a relatively large decrease for lovastatin, but no change for pravastatin, and a large decrease in the absorption of cyclosporine A. To further assess the scope of influence of gut inflammation on gene expression, we performed genome-wide expression analysis using RNA-seq, which showed down-regulation of many CYPs, non-CYP phase-I enzymes, phase-II enzymes and transporters, and up-regulation of many other members of these gene families, in both liver and intestine of adult C57BL/6 mice, by DSS-induced colitis. Overall, our results indicate that gut inflammation suppresses the expression of many P450s and other biotransformation genes in the intestine and liver, and alters the pharmacokinetics for some but not all drugs, potentially affecting therapeutic efficacy or causing adverse effects in a drug-specific fashion.
Molecular testing in metastatic basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Babette J.A. Verkouteren, Marlies Wakkee, Michel van Geel, Remco van Doorn, Véronique J. Winnepenninckx, Esther Korpershoek, Antien L. Mooyaart, An K.L. Reyners, Jorrit B. Terra, Maureen J.B. Aarts, Marie G.H.C. Reinders, Klara Mosterd
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2019)
Severe rectal bleeding caused by a small polypoid lobular capillary hemangioma
Authors: Aleksandar Gavric, Jernej Mlakar, Samo Plut
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

A 52-year-old man without comorbidities was admitted to our gastroenterology department after he collapsed while on the toilet and noticed passage of bright red blood per rectum. On clinical examination he appeared to be healthy. Only mild abdominal pain was noticed. He was normotensive but with mild tachycardia (111/min). Laboratory analysis was unremarkable except for normocytic anemia (hemoglobin 78 g/L). He denied medicine consumption.
Psoriatic epidermis expresses high level of inflammatory mediators and the CDK2/4 cyclin‐dependent kinases are involved in the regulation of cell‐cycle progression in epidermal cells
Authors: B. Gesser, M.K. Rasmussen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

Linked Article: Henri et al. Br J Dermatol 2020; 182:678–689.
Association Between Greenness Surrounding Schools and Kindergartens and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children in China
Authors: Bo-Yi Yang, Xiao-Wen Zeng, Iana Markevych, Michael S. Bloom, Joachim Heinrich, Luke D. Knibbs, Shyamali C. Dharmage, Shao Lin, Pasi Jalava, Yuming Guo, Bin Jalaludin, Lidia Morawska, Yang Zhou, Li-Wen Hu, Hong-Yao Yu, Yunjiang Yu, Guang-Hui Dong
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

<h3>Importance</h3> Few studies have investigated the association between greenness and childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the association between greenness surrounding schools or kindergartens and symptoms of ADHD in children. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This population-based cross-sectional study was performed between April 2012 and January 2013 in 7 cities in northeastern China. This analysis included 59 754 children (aged 2-17 years) from 94 schools and kindergartens, who had resided in the study area for 2 years or longer. Data were analyzed from April 15, 2019, to October 10, 2019. <h3>Exposures</h3> Greenness surrounding each child's school or kindergarten was estimated using 2 satellite image–derived vegetation indexes: the normalized difference vegetation index and the soil-adjusted vegetation index. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i>(Fourth Edition) scales were used to measure ADHD symptoms (9 inattention symptoms and 9 hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms). Parents or guardians rated the frequency of each of 18 ADHD symptoms during the preceding 6 months. Children with 6 or more symptoms of either inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity were defined as having ADHD symptoms. Generalized linear mixed models were applied to estimate the association between greenness and ADHD symptoms. <h3>Results</h3> The mean (SD) age of the 59 754 study participants was 10.3 (3.6) years, and 29 494 (49.4%) were girls. A total of 2566 participants (4.3%) had ADHD symptoms. Greenness levels differed substantially across schools and kindergartens. The normalized difference vegetation index within 500 m of a school or kindergarten ranged from −0.09 to 0.77. Greater greenness levels were associated with lower odds of ADHD symptoms. In covariate-adjusted models, a 0.1-unit increase in normalized difference vegetation index or soil-adjusted vegetation index within 500 m of a school or kindergarten was significantly associated with lower odds of ADHD symptoms (odds ratios, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.83-0.91] and 0.80 [95% CI, 0.74-0.86], respectively;<i>P</i> &lt; .001 for both). The associations were robust in a series of sensitivity analyses. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> These findings suggest that there may be a beneficial association between school-based greenness and ADHD symptoms in Chinese children. Future longitudinal and mechanistic studies are needed to confirm the findings of this cross-sectional analysis and further explore potential mechanisms of this association.
A bibliometric analysis of <i>Periodontology 2000</i>
Authors: Paras Ahmad, Jawaad Ahmed Asif, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Jørgen Slots
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2019)

The continually high impact factor of Periodontology 2000 (7.861 for 2018), the level of which is unprecedented among dental journals, prompted the present bibliometric analysis of the Journal. Since the inception of Periodontology 2000 in 1993 and until July 2019, the top 100 most-cited articles have received a total of 21,276 (Web of Science), 23,009 (Elsevier's Scopus), and 43,518 (Google Scholar) citations. The citations of the 100 most-cited articles were found to vary from 118 to 827 (Web of Science), 10 to 1069 (Scopus), and 15 to 2028 (Google Scholar). Three articles had more than 600 (Web of Science) citations, 5 had between 400 and 600 citations, 25 had between 200 and 400 citations, and 67 had between 100 and 200 citations. The first authors of the 100 most-cited articles were based in the USA (51%), Switzerland (14%), and Australia (10%). The 5 dental institutions with the most frequently cited articles were The Forsyth Institute, USA (9 articles), The University of Queensland, Australia (8 articles), University of Bern, Switzerland (7), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA (6 articles), and University of Washington, USA, and Temple University School of Dentistry, USA (5 articles each). The likely reason for the high impact factor of Periodontology 2000 is publication of insightful and timely review articles produced by eminent researchers and clinicians from a wide range of dental institutions and countries.
Immunological signature meta-analysis across lung cancer cohorts within the NanoString Clinical Transcriptional Atlas Group (CTAG) associated with patient outcome and history
Authors: N. Radosevic-Robin, J. Reeves, K. Leroy, M. Duruisseaux, P. Morel, M. Bhagat, F. Penault-Llorca, D. Damotte, F. Goldwasser, A. Brindel, M. Cumberbatch, S. Ong, J. Lopez, S. Warren
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)