tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ROLE OF ADRENAL GLANDS ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY ON NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER STAGING
Authors: D Assisi, FT Gallina, D Forcella, F Pierconti, F Facciolo
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) is considered the most effective technology to visualize and to obtain samples from suspected mediastinal lymph nodes metastases in patients with suspected lung cancer. In these patients, the adrenal glands are predilection sites for distant metastases however, an enlarged adrenal gland is more likely to be benign than malignant. In this study we evaluated the use of EUS Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNA/B) for the diagnosis of adrenal gland mass in lung cancer patients.
172. Comparison of Adenoviral and Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors for Pancreatic Gene Delivery In Vivo
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Although effective gene therapy vectors have been developed for organ systems such as the liver, an effective delivery vector to the pancreas in vivo has remained elusive. Of the currently available viral vectors, adenovirus and adeno-associated virus (AAV) are two of the most efficient at transducing non-dividing cells. We have constructed recombinant adenovirus (AdVLacZ), adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2LacZ), and pseudotyped adeno-associated virus serotype 5 and 8 (AAV5LacZ, AAV8LacZ) carrying the LacZ reporter, and compared the transduction efficiency of these four vectors in the pancreas of mice in vivo. We show that adenovirus, AAV2, and AAV8 are capable of transducing the pancreas in vivo, but with different expression kinetics, efficiencies of transduction, and persistence. AdVLacZ transduced pancreas exhibited maximum LacZ expression at 1 week post-delivery, with greater than 90% of expression lost at 4 weeks. AAV2LacZ transduced pancreas displayed peak LacZ levels at 4 weeks post-delivery, with no significant drop in expression for up to 8 weeks. AAV8LacZ was at least 10-fold more efficient than AAV2LacZ in transducing the pancreas in vivo, with significant levels of expression detectable at 1 week, whereas AAV5LacZ did not result in any detectable transgene expression at all tested time points. All three vectors primarily transduced pancreatic acinar cell types, with limited transduction of pancreatic endocrine cells. AdVLacZ elicited a significant leukocyte infiltration early after delivery into the pancreas, whereas none of the AAV vectors elicited a significant leukocyte response. None of the tested vectors caused significant changes in serum amylase or blood glucose levels, suggesting that they do not significantly alter pancreatic function. These vectors will be useful for studying novel gene delivery based treatments into animal models for diabetes and other pancreatic disorders.
Transdiagnostic clinical staging in youth mental health: a first international consensus statement
Authors: Jai L. Shah, Jan Scott, Patrick D. McGorry, Shane P.M. Cross, Matcheri S. Keshavan, Barnaby Nelson, Stephen J. Wood, Steven Marwaha, Alison R. Yung, Elizabeth M. Scott, Dost Öngür, Philippe Conus, Chantal Henry, Ian B. Hickie
Journal: World Psychiatry (2020)

Recognizing that current frameworks for classification and treatment in psychiatry are inadequate, particularly for use in young people and early intervention services, transdiagnostic clinical staging models have gained prominence. These models aim to identify where individuals lie along a continuum of illness, to improve treatment selection and to better understand patterns of illness continuity, discontinuity and aetiopathogenesis. All of these factors are particularly relevant to help‐seeking and mental health needs experienced during the peak age range of onset, namely the adolescent and young adult developmental periods (i.e., ages 12‐25 years). To date, progressive stages in transdiagnostic models have typically been defined by traditional symptom sets that distinguish “sub‐threshold” from “threshold‐level” disorders, even though both require clinical assessment and potential interventions. Here, we argue that staging models must go beyond illness progression to capture additional dimensions of illness extension as evidenced by emergence of mental or physical comorbidity/complexity or a marked change in a linked biological construct. To develop further consensus in this nascent field, we articulate principles and assumptions underpinning transdiagnostic clinical staging in youth mental health, how these models can be operationalized, and the implications of these arguments for research and development of new service systems. We then propose an agenda for the coming decade, including knowledge gaps, the need for multi‐stakeholder input, and a collaborative international process for advancing both science and implementation.
Ganglion-blocking Agents
Journal: BMJ (1951)

Ij.. Ethy 1 tetramethonium in co n tro l of g a s tric s e c re tio n .Awaiting p u b lic a tio n .5 .The medical treatm ent of hypertension.I95I4 -B r itis h Medical Journal -In p re s s. * D Ibutollne ( C ^ )2 N C0 (CH2 )2 N(CH,) * M ethantheline (B anthine) 0 8.No compounds of u se fu l a c t iv i t y were obtained.* These compounds were se le c te d fo r c l i n i c a l exam ination.CH COO(CHo) 2 '2 + N CH-u2n 5 C2H5
Validating the use of CAIX and GLUT1 as endogenous markers for hypoxia in solid tumors
Authors: Brita S. Sørensen, Jing Hao, Jens Overgaard, Jan Alsner, Michael R. Horsman
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

1130  Introduction: The proteins carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) are part of the hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) pathway, and have thus been suggested as endogenous markers for hypoxia in solid tumors. However, immunohistochemistry have not always shown correlation with staining for pimonidazole, a recognized exogenous hypoxia marker. Until now, neither the time nor the oxygen concentration dependency of the expression of the genes, CA9 and GLUT1(SLC2A1), has been determined. Tumor hypoxia occurs in a deprived microenvironment, and is often associated with reduced pH, but the influence of low pH on the expression of CA9 and GLUT1 has not been shown. The aim of this study was to investigate these aspects. Method: Exponentially growing human uterine cervix squamous cell carcinoma (SiHa) cells, cultured in 5cm petri-dishes with MEM+10% FCS, were used for all experiments. Hypoxia was induced by gassing cells in an air tight chamber using different time intervals (1, 3, 6, 12, 24 or 30 hours) or different oxygen concentrations (21%, 5%, 1%, 0.1%, 0.01% or 0% O2), either at normal pH (7.5) or low pH (6.5; achieved by adding less sodium bicarbonate and buffering with MOPSO). Radiation response was measured using a clonogenic colony assay. Gene expression was estimated by real-time PCR (normalized to the household gene, TFRC). Results: Under normal pH conditions, the up-regulation of expression of CA9 began after 6 hours at 0% O2, and was maximal after 24 hours, with around a 100 fold higher expression than in non-hypoxic cells. GLUT1 was up-regulated after 3 hours, and after 24 hours the expression level was approximately 10 fold higher than in non-hypoxic cells. Measurements of CA9 and GLUT1 expression after 24 hours in varying oxygen concentrations suggested Km values (oxygen concentration producing half the maximal effect) of around 3% O2 for both CA9 and GLUT1. The Km value for radiation response was lower at around 0.7%. When cells where exposed to low pH, under the different oxygen concentrations, the expression patterns of CA9 and GLUT1 changed drastically, such that a 2-fold or less induction of expression was seen in low oxygen concentrations. Conclusion: The expression of both CA9 and GLUT1 took several hours to occur consistent with their up-regulation in diffusion limited chronic hypoxia. However, the Km values for this induction were higher from that for radiation response in the same cell line, and the induction was highly pH dependent, with minimal induction occurring at low pH. These findings raise concerns about the application CAIX and GLUT1 as endogenous markers of hypoxia in vivo. Supported by a grant from the Danish Cancer Society
CLOSURE OF TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA USING ENDOSCOPIC SUTURING
Authors: A Benson, D Hakimian, H Jacob, I Boškoski
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

The patient is a 52-year-old male with a history of recurrent episodes of respiratory infections since childhood who presented with increased frequency of both respiratory infections and a feeling of coughing and choking with eating. Upon evaluation, he was diagnosed with a tracheoesophageal (TE) fistula via upper GI series and CT scan. Upper endoscopy showed the TE fistula with multiple openings. Given the complexity of the fistula, the TE fistula was closed with endoscopic suturing. The patient felt well post-procedure and was eating with no difficulty. Endoscopic suturing provides a minimally invasive solution in select cases of TE fistula.
‘OVER THE SCOPE TECHNIQUE’ (OTS) FOR PARTIALLY COVERED SELF-EXPANDABLE METAL STENT (PC-SEMS) PLACEMENT TO TREAT DUODENAL PERFORATION (DP) OCCURRED DURING EUS: CASE SERIES
Authors: A Sbrozzi-Vanni, D Castellani, A Telesca, U Germani, S Pallio, I Dell’Amico, R Manta
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Adverse events during EUS are rare. According to the literature, DP occurs in about 0,09% of patients and is associated with a high mortality rate. Surgical approach has been the main treatment for years. According to current version of the ESGE position statement, new endoscopic approaches to treat DP have been developed.
SELF-EXTENDABLE METAL STENT AS SALVAGE TREATMENT MODALITY IN ACUTE SEVERE VARICEAL BLEEDING
Authors: J Ligocka, S Kozieł, J Pertkiewicz, M Grąt, K Zieniewicz
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims The use of the self-extendable metal stent (SEMS) in severe esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB) is gaining recognition. The aim of the study was to assess factors associated with early rebleeding.
SARS-CoV-2 Rates in BCG-Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Young Adults
Authors: Uri Hamiel, Eran Kozer, Ilan Youngster
Journal: JAMA (2020)

This cohort study compares rates of coronavirus PCR test positivity among Israelis with symptoms suspicious for COVID-19 who did and did not receive BCG vaccination as part of routine childhood immunization in the early 1980s.
PGAxBSA composite versus PASI: Comparison across disease severities and as therapeutic response measure for Cal/BD foam in plaque psoriasis
Authors: Linda Stein Gold, Jes B. Hansen, Dharm Patel, Karen A. Veverka, Bruce Strober
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)

The product of the Physician Global Assessment and body surface area (PGA×BSA) is simpler to use than the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), which lacks sensitivity in patients with mild psoriasis.To compare the PGA×BSA versus the modified PASI (mPASI) for assessing disease severity and therapeutic response to calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate (Cal/BD) foam.This post hoc analysis evaluated the efficacy of Cal/BD foam in mild, moderate, and severe psoriasis, as assessed by the PGA×BSA and mPASI, using data from 3 randomized controlled trials (NCT01536886, NCT01866163, NCT02132936). Spearman correlation and Bland-Altman plots were used to compare the PGA×BSA with the mPASI.Proportions of patients receiving Cal/BD foam achieving 75% response for PGA×BSA and mPASI at weeks 1, 2, and 4 were similar and significantly greater than with vehicle (P ≤ .002 at all timepoints); at week 4, mean improvements were 51.0% and 50.7%, respectively. Spearman correlations for mild, moderate, and severe psoriasis were moderate to high between PGA×BSA and mPASI at baseline (r = .51, .72, and .86, respectively; n = 126, 465, and 58, respectively) and high at week 4 (r = .80, .81, and .89, respectively; n = 121, 452, and 58, respectively) (P < .001).Pooled data from different trials were not prespecified for post hoc analysis. Interrater reliability was not assessed.Pooled data analysis showed that the PGA×BSA and mPASI correlation was higher with increasing psoriasis severity.
Breast Cancer Risk After Recent Childbirth
Authors: Hazel B. Nichols, Minouk J. Schoemaker, Jianwen Cai, Jiawei Xu, Lauren B. Wright, Mark N. Brook, Michael E. Jones, Hans-Olov Adami, Laura Baglietto, Kimberly A. Bertrand, William J. Blot, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Miren Dorronsoro, Laure Dossus, A. Heather Eliassen, Graham G. Giles, Inger T. Gram, Susan E. Hankinson, Judy Hoffman-Bolton, Rudolf Kaaks, Timothy J. Key, Cari M. Kitahara, Susanna C. Larsson, Martha Linet, Melissa A. Merritt, Roger L. Milne, Valeria Pala, Julie R. Palmer, Petra H. Peeters, Elio Riboli, Malin Sund, Rulla M. Tamimi, Anne Tjønneland, Antonia Trichopoulou, Giske Ursin, Lars Vatten, Kala Visvanathan, Elisabete Weiderpass, Alicja Wolk, Wei Zheng, Clarice R. Weinberg, Anthony J. Swerdlow, Dale P. Sandler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

Parity is widely recognized as protective for breast cancer, but there is evidence that breast cancer risk may increase shortly after childbirth. Whether this risk varies with such factors as breas...
STENT-ASSOCIATED CHOLANGITIS FOLLOWING ENDOSCOPIC BILIARY STENT PLACEMENT - PREDICTIVE FACTORS AND OUTCOMES
Authors: JC Silva, C Fernades, L Proença, R Pinho, AP Silva, AC Gomes, E Afeto, J Carvalho
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Cholangitis is a rare complication in patients with biliary stents and is associated with a mortality rate of 5-10%. The present study aims to evaluate predictive factors of cholangitis after biliary stent placement
Covid-19 and decarceration
Authors: Karthik Sivashanker, Jessie Rossman, Andrew Resnick, Donald M Berwick
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The US currently carries the ignoble distinction of being the world leader in both incarceration and prevalence of covid-19.Worse still, around 12% of the 2.3 million people currently in state and federal prisons are over 55 years old, three times more than in 1999. 1 This makes the US especially prone to a large scale outbreak of covid-19 among vulnerable prisoners.This could quickly overwhelm our already strained medical infrastructure.To protect the health of patients and the public, healthcare professionals are already leading the efforts to manage covid-19.But there are other ways in which we can help.We must urgently organise to advocate for safe decarceration and collaborate broadly with other advocates and professionals to advance that cause.
Pharmacologic Interventions for Painful Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Marcio L. Griebeler, Oscar L. Morey-Vargas, Juan P. Brito, Apostolos Tsapas, Zhen Wang, Barbara G. Carranza Leon, Olivia J. Phung, Victor M. Montori, M. Hassan Murad
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

This article has been corrected. The original version (PDF) is appended to this article as a Supplement. Background: Multiple treatments for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy are available. Purpose: To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of oral and topical analgesics for diabetic neuropathy. Data Sources: Multiple electronic databases between January 2007 and April 2014, without language restriction. Study Selection: Parallel or crossover randomized, controlled trials that evaluated pharmacologic treatments for adults with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Data Extraction: Duplicate extraction of study data and assessment of risk of bias. Data Synthesis: 65 randomized, controlled trials involving 12 632 patients evaluated 27 pharmacologic interventions. Approximately one half of these studies had high or unclear risk of bias. Nine head-to-head trials showed greater pain reduction associated with serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) than anticonvulsants (standardized mean difference [SMD], −0.34 [95% credible interval {CrI}, −0.63 to −0.05]) and with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) than topical capsaicin 0.075%. Network meta-analysis showed that SNRIs (SMD, −1.36 [CrI, −1.77 to −0.95]), topical capsaicin (SMD, −0.91 [CrI, −1.18 to −0.08]), TCAs (SMD, −0.78 [CrI, −1.24 to −0.33]), and anticonvulsants (SMD, −0.67 [CrI, −0.97 to −0.37]) were better than placebo for short-term pain control. Specifically, carbamazepine (SMD, −1.57 [CrI, −2.83 to −0.31]), pregabalin (SMD, −0.55 [CrI, −0.94 to −0.15]), venlafaxine (SMD, −1.53 [CrI, −2.41 to −0.65]), duloxetine (SMD, −1.33 [CrI, −1.82 to −0.86]), and amitriptyline (SMD, −0.72 [CrI, −1.35 to −0.08]) were more effective than placebo. Adverse effects included somnolence and dizziness with TCAs, SNRIs, and anticonvulsants; xerostomia with TCAs; and peripheral edema and burning sensation with pregabalin and capsaicin. Limitation: Confidence in findings was limited because most evidence came from indirect comparisons of trials with short (≤3 months) follow-up and unclear or high risk of bias. Conclusion: Several medications may be effective for short-term management of painful diabetic neuropathy, although their comparative effectiveness is unclear. Primary Funding Source: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.
EUS-GUIDED GALLBLADER DRAINAGE WITH LUMEN APPOSING METAL STENT: RESULTS OF A MULTICENTER STUDY
Authors: J Privat, G Donatelli, MA Lemaire, F Pinard, H Demmak, BA Keita, B Napoleon
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims In high-risk patients, EUS-guided gallbladder drainage (EUGBD) is a validated alternative to percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) based upon the 2018 Tokyo guidelines. The use of electrocautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stent (ECE-LAMS) have recently and rapidly disseminating into interventional EUS practice.
RETROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER STUDY ON ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT OF UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL POST-SURGICAL LEAKS
Authors: E Rodrigues-Pinto, P Pereira, R Morais, H Shehab, R Pinho, MC Larsen, S Irani, RA Kozarek, MD Leo, A Repici, E Shemmeri, BE Louie, P Rogalski, A Baniukiewicz, A Dabrowski, JC de Sousa, S Barrias, Y Ichkhanian, V Kumbhari, MA Khashab, N Bowers, AR Schulman, G Macedo
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Therapeutic endoscopy plays a major role in the management of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) post-surgical leaks, with multiple endoscopic techniques being available. Data is scarce regarding clinical success and safety. Evaluate endoscopic therapy results on the management of UGI post-surgical leaks regarding number and order of therapies performed, as well as safety, clinical success and long-term follow-up
ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION FOR COLORECTAL (CR-ESD) MALIGNANT POLYPS: RESULTS OF A PROSPECTIVE WESTERN COHORT
Authors: H Uchima, AH De Tejada, F Múgica, F Ramos, E Albeniz, P Rosón, J De La Peña, Á Teran, J Rodríguez-Sánchez, D García, AA Tenorio, A Sánchez-Yagüe, AD Pozo, C Dolz, G Fernández-Esparrach, J Santiago, Os Nogales, A Alvarez, H Cortes, JC Marín-Gabriel
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims To describe the feasibility, technical success, en-bloc resection and complications of CR-ESD for malignant polyps in a western cohort.
Association of Preoperative Body Weight and Weight Loss With Risk of Death After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Yangbo Sun, Buyun Liu, Jessica K. Smith, Marcelo L. G. Correia, Dana L. Jones, Zhanyong Zhu, Adeyinka Taiwo, Lisa L. Morselli, Katie Robinson, Alexander A. Hart, Linda G. Snetselaar, Wei Bao
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Perception of weight loss requirements before bariatric surgery varies among patients, physicians, and health insurance payers. Current clinical guidelines do not require preoperative weight loss because of a lack of scientific support regarding its benefits. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine the association of preoperative body mass index (BMI) and weight loss with 30-day mortality after bariatric surgery. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cohort study used data from 480 075 patients who underwent bariatric surgery from 2015 to 2017 in the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program, which covers more than 90% of all bariatric surgery programs in the United States and Canada. Clinical and demographic data were collected at all participating institutions using a standardized protocol. Data analysis was performed from December 2018 to November 2019. <h3>Exposures</h3> Preoperative BMI and weight loss. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> 30-day mortality after bariatric surgery. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 480 075 patients (mean [SD] age 45.1 [12.0] years; 383 265 [79.8%] women), 511 deaths (0.1%) occurred within 30 days of bariatric surgery. Compared with patients with a preoperative BMI of 35.0 to 39.9, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios for 30-day mortality for patients with preoperative BMI of 40.0 to 44.9, 45.0 to 49.9, 50.0 to 54.9, and 55.0 and greater were 1.37 (95% CI, 1.02-1.83), 2.19 (95% CI, 1.64-2.92), 2.61 (95% CI, 1.90-3.58), and 5.03 (95% CI, 3.78-6.68), respectively (<i>P</i>for trend &lt; .001). Moreover, compared with no preoperative weight loss, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios for 30-day mortality for patients with weight loss of more than 0% to less than 5.0%, 5.0% to 9.9%, and 10.0% and greater were 0.76 (95% CI, 0.60-0.96), 0.69 (95% CI, 0.53-0.90), and 0.58 (95% CI, 0.41-0.82), respectively (<i>P</i>for trend = .003). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this study, even moderate weight loss (ie, &gt;0% to &lt;5%) before bariatric surgery was associated with a lower risk of 30-day mortality. These findings may help inform future updates of clinical guidelines regarding bariatric surgery.
Mechanism of Anterior ST Segment Depression During Acute Inferior Myocardial Infarction
Authors: William C. Little, Edwin W. Rogers, Marcis T. Sodums
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Abstract Anterior ST segment depression, found in 13 of 17 patients with acute inferior myocardial infarctions, resolved promptly in all 11 patients whose occluded right coronary arteries were open...
EUS-GUIDED LUMEN-APPOSING METAL STENT (LAMS) PLACEMENT: FEASIBILITY, EFFICACY AND SAFETY FROM A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: SM Milluzzo, M Lovera, N Olivari, LM Grazioli, G Viviani, C Spada
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims LAMSs are indicated for management of symptomatic pancreatic fluid collections (PFC), acute cholecystitis (AC) unfit for surgery and palliative biliary drainage after ERCP failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate feasibility, safety and efficacy of LAMS in a single-center setting.
CONTRIBUTION OF COLONOSCOPY IN CHRONIC DIARRHOEA
Authors: R Berraida, H Seddik, S Jamal, S Mrabti, H Boutalka, K Loubaris, A Benkirane
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Chronic diarrhoea is a frequent reason for gastroenterology consultations. Its etiologies are numerous and sometimes associated. Colonoscopy plays a fundamental role in the exploration of chronic diarrhoea. It is used to characterize colonic lesions and perform biopsies. The aim of our work is to study the place of endoscopy in the etiological assessment of chronic diarrhoea.
Covid-19: Exposing frontline NHS staff to dangers by asking them to reuse PPE
Authors: Sibte Hadi
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Covid-19: Exposing frontline NHS staff to dangers by asking them to reuse PPE Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
DUODENAL POLYPS – ARE WE SEEING SOMETHING THAT ISN’T THERE?
Authors: R Patel, R Cama, R Canda, K Besherdas
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Duodenal polyps (DP) are found incidentally during diagnostic upper GI endoscopy. The proportion of DPs that are duodenal adenomas and have malignant potential is not clearly known due to their low incidence. We aimed to determine the endoscopic-histological correlation for DPs.