tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical endotypes of exacerbation are associated with differences in microbial composition and diversity in COPD
Authors: Holly R. Keir, Alison Dicker, Mike Lonergan, Megan Crichton, Bruce E. Miller, Ruth Tal-Singer, James D. Chalmers
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

COPD exacerbations are associated with worsening symptoms including cough, shortness of breath, sputum production and airflow obstruction. Increased numbers of exacerbations are associated with morbidity and mortality [1]. Exacerbations are classically believed to be associated with viral or bacterial infection, although they may also be associated with noninfectious stimuli including eosinophilic inflammation or paucigranulocytic exacerbation such as the worsening of cardiovascular disease [2]. The mainstay treatment for exacerbation of COPD is antibiotics and corticosteroids; however, treatment with these is not always successful and there is a need for more personalised management of exacerbations [3]. One of the largest studies of the sputum microbiome in COPD compared the microbiome at stability and exacerbation in 161 exacerbations in 78 patients and found no consistent changes in the microbiome with no overall difference in Shannon diversity index between the groups [4]. The most striking finding of this study was that COPD exacerbations could be classified into bacterial, viral and eosinophilic and patients showed remarkable consistency of their exacerbation phenotype over time. A number of studies have supported these defined phenotypes of exacerbation in COPD [2]. Therefore, in this study we aimed to examine whether we could observe changes in the microbiome from stability to COPD exacerbation within these three subtypes of clinically defined events. The microbiome is heterogeneous at COPD exacerbation, but different microbiota profiles are associated with both the clinical presentation and severity <https://bit.ly/2X1sTzd>
Treatment of age-related macular degeneration
Authors: D. L Boase
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

The pattern of the retinal vasculature is thought to be unique for each eye. In the excellent review article by Mr Browning and co-authors (April 2004 JRSM1) it was therefore interesting to see how this pattern changed after photodynamic therapy (their Figure 3a and b). Verteporfin photodynamic therapy is clearly powerful medicine!
Acute Schistosomiasis in US Travelers Returning From Africa
Authors: T. W. Cummings
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Iron Chaperone Poly rC Binding Protein 1 Protects Mouse Liver From Lipid Peroxidation and Steatosis
Authors: Olga Protchenko, Ethan Baratz, Shyamalagauri Jadhav, Fengmin Li, Minoo Shakoury‐Elizeh, Oksana Gavrilova, Manik C. Ghosh, James E. Cox, J. Alan Maschek, Vladimir A. Tyurin, Yulia Y. Tyurina, Hülya Bayir, Allegra T. Aron, Christopher J. Chang, Valerian E. Kagan, Caroline C. Philpott
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

Background and Aims Iron is essential yet also highly chemically reactive and potentially toxic. The mechanisms that allow cells to use iron safely are not clear; defects in iron management are a causative factor in the cell‐death pathway known as ferroptosis. Poly rC binding protein 1 (PCBP1) is a multifunctional protein that serves as a cytosolic iron chaperone, binding and transferring iron to recipient proteins in mammalian cells. Although PCBP1 distributes iron in cells, its role in managing iron in mammalian tissues remains open for study. The liver is highly specialized for iron uptake, utilization, storage, and secretion. Approach and Results Mice lacking PCBP1 in hepatocytes exhibited defects in liver iron homeostasis with low levels of liver iron, reduced activity of iron enzymes, and misregulation of the cell‐autonomous iron regulatory system. These mice spontaneously developed liver disease with hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and degeneration. Transcriptome analysis indicated activation of lipid biosynthetic and oxidative‐stress response pathways, including the antiferroptotic mediator, glutathione peroxidase type 4. Although PCBP1‐deleted livers were iron deficient, dietary iron supplementation did not prevent steatosis; instead, dietary iron restriction and antioxidant therapy with vitamin E prevented liver disease. PCBP1‐deleted hepatocytes exhibited increased labile iron and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), were hypersensitive to iron and pro‐oxidants, and accumulated oxidatively damaged lipids because of the reactivity of unchaperoned iron. Conclusions Unchaperoned iron in PCBP1‐deleted mouse hepatocytes leads to production of ROS, resulting in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and steatosis in the absence of iron overload. The iron chaperone activity of PCBP1 is therefore critical for limiting the toxicity of cytosolic iron and may be a key factor in preventing the LPO that triggers the ferroptotic cell‐death pathway.
135TiP GELATO-trial: Assessing the efficacy of carboplatin and atezolizumab in metastatic lobular breast cancer
Authors: L. Voorwerk, H.M. Horlings, M.V. Dongen, I. Kemper, I.A.M. Mandjes, J. Boers, C.P. Schröder, V. Tjan-Heijnen, A. Jager, T.N. Schumacher, C.U. Blank, K.E. De Visser, S. Linn, M. Kok
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Abstract 12654: Temporal Trends in the Prevalence and Outcomes of Geriatric Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction in Japan -A Report From the Miyagi Ami Registry Study-
Authors: Koichi Sato, Jun Takahashi, Kiyotaka Hao, Satoshi Miyata, Yasuhiko Sakata, Hiroaki Shimokawa
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: The Miyagi Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) Registry Study is a multicenter and observational study where all AMI patients in the Miyagi prefecture (in the northeastern part of Japan w...
Gene modification strategies for next-generation CAR T cells against solid cancers
Authors: Yonggui Tian, Yilu Li, Yupei Shao, Yi Zhang
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2020)

Immunotherapies have become the backbone of cancer treatment. Among them, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have demonstrated great success in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, CAR T therapy against solid tumors is less effective. Antigen targeting; an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME); and the infiltration, proliferation, and persistence of CAR T cells are the predominant barriers preventing the extension of CAR T therapy to solid tumors. To circumvent these obstacles, the next-generation CAR T cells will require more potent antitumor properties, which can be achieved by gene-editing technology. In this review, we summarize innovative strategies to enhance CAR T cell function by improving target identification, persistence, trafficking, and overcoming the suppressive TME. The construction of multi-target CAR T cells improves antigen recognition and reduces immune escape. Enhancing CAR T cell proliferation and persistence can be achieved by optimizing costimulatory signals and overexpressing cytokines. CAR T cells equipped with chemokines or chemokine receptors help overcome their poor homing to tumor sites. Strategies like knocking out immune checkpoint molecules, incorporating dominant negative receptors, and chimeric switch receptors can favor the depletion or reversal of negative T cell regulators in the TME.
Sixty seconds on . . . the druggle
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2020)

And that’s exactly the point. Druggle is the amusing name of the prescribing or drugs huddle at Watford General Hospital. Started by consultant paediatrician and director of medical education Ashley Reece, the druggle is an opportunity for everyone to come together and discuss common prescribing errors, what to look out for, and to celebrate difficult tasks that were done well.

Reece, who is also the officer for assessment at the Royal College …
Sugary drink warnings: A meta-analysis of experimental studies
Authors: Anna H. Grummon, Marissa G. Hall
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2020)

Background Policymakers worldwide are considering requiring warnings for sugary drinks. A growing number of experimental studies have examined sugary drink warnings' impacts, but no research to our knowledge has synthesized this literature. To inform ongoing policy debates, this study aimed to identify the effects of sugary drink warnings compared with control conditions. Methods and findings We systematically searched 7 databases on June 21, 2019, and October 25, 2019. We also searched reference lists of relevant articles. Two investigators independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts to identify peer-reviewed articles that used an experimental protocol to examine the effects of sugary drink warnings compared to a control condition. Two investigators independently extracted study characteristics and effect sizes from all relevant full-text articles. We meta-analyzed any outcome assessed in at least 2 studies, combining effect sizes using random effects meta-analytic procedures. Twenty-three experiments with data on 16,241 individuals (mean proportion female, 58%) were included in the meta-analysis. Most studies took place in Latin America (35%) or the US or Canada (46%); 32% included children. Relative to control conditions, sugary drink warnings caused stronger negative emotional reactions (d = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.25, 1.13; p = 0.002) and elicited more thinking about the health effects of sugary drinks (d = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.29, 1.01; p < 0.001). Sugary drink warnings also led to lower healthfulness perceptions (d = −0.22; 95% CI: −0.27, −0.17; p < 0.001) and stronger disease likelihood perceptions (d = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.24; p = 0.001). Moreover, sugary drink warnings reduced both hypothetical (d = −0.32; 95% CI: −0.44, −0.21; p < 0.001) and actual consumption and purchasing behavior (d = −0.17; 95% CI: −0.30, −0.04; p = 0.012). Statistically significant effects were not observed for perceptions of added sugar or positive sugary drink attitudes (p's > 0.10). Moderation analyses revealed that health warnings (e.g., "Beverages with added sugar contribute to obesity") led to greater reductions in hypothetical sugary drink purchases than did nutrient warnings (e.g., "High in sugar"; d = −0.35 versus −0.18; Qb = 4.04; p = 0.04). Limitations of this study include that we did not review grey literature and that we were unable to conduct moderation analyses for several prespecified moderators due to an insufficient number of studies. Conclusions This international body of experimental literature supports sugary drink warnings as a population-level strategy for changing behavior, as well as emotions, perceptions, and intentions. Protocol Registry PROSPERO ID 146405.
Impact of Myc in HIV-associated non-Hodgkin lymphomas treated with EPOCH and outcomes with vorinostat (AMC-075 trial)
Authors: Juan C. Ramos, Joseph A. Sparano, Amy Chadburn, Erin G. Reid, Richard F. Ambinder, Eric R. Siegel, Page C. Moore, Paul G. Rubinstein, Christine M. Durand, Ethel Cesarman, David Aboulafia, Robert Baiocchi, Lee Ratner, Lawrence Kaplan, Adam A. Capoferri, Jeannette Y. Lee, Ronald Mitsuyasu, Ariela Noy
Journal: Blood (2020)
Bone morphogenetic protein 8B promotes the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Michele Vacca, Jack Leslie, Samuel Virtue, Brian Y. H. Lam, Olivier Govaere, Dina Tiniakos, Sophie Snow, Susan Davies, Kasparas Petkevicius, Zhen Tong, Vivian Peirce, Mette Juul Nielsen, Zsuzsanna Ament, Wei Li, Tomasz Kostrzewski, Diana Julie Leeming, Vlad Ratziu, Michael E. D. Allison, Quentin M. Anstee, Julian L. Griffin, Fiona Oakley, Antonio Vidal-Puig
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2020)
A case of gnathostomiasis in a European traveller returning from Mexico
Authors: P. Del Giudice, P. Dellamonica, J. Durant, V. Rahelinrina, M.P. Grobusch, K. Janitschke, A. Dahan-Guedj, Y. Le Fichoux
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Hundreds of human cases of gnathostomiasis have recently been reported from Mexico, where the disease is becoming a public health problem. We report a case of gnathostomiasis in a French tourist returning from Mexico. Tourists travelling in endemic countries are at risk of gnathostomiasis and should be advised about the risks of eating raw fish as a suspected source of infection.
Abstract 11769: Long-term Treatment With Linagliptin Provides Multiple Ultrasonic-evaluated Antiatherosclerotic Effects Independent of Diabetic Improvement for Type-2 Diabetics Receiving Statin
Authors: Tatsuaki Murakami, Kazuo Ohsato
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is thought to be highly involved in complex atherothrombogenic processes, however effective long-term antiatherosclerotic therapies in patients with type-2 DM h...
Renal, Metabolic, and Circulatory Responses to Heat and Exercise
Authors: Robert W. Schrier, Jesse Hano, Howard I. Keller, Richard M. Finkel, Paul F. Gilliland, William J. Cirksena, Paul E. Teschan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Abstract Acute renal failure is known to occur in military recruits during summer basic training. The effect of these summer training exercises on the urinary sediment, renal excretion of heme pigm...
Assessment of Proficiency of N95 Mask Donning Among the General Public in Singapore
Authors: Wesley Yeung, Kennedy Ng, J. M. Nigel Fong, Judy Sng, Bee Choo Tai, Sin Eng Chia
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Nida F. Degesys, MD; Ralph C. Wang, MD, MAS; Elizabeth Kwan, MD; Jahan Fahimi, MD, MPH; Jeanne A. Noble, MD, MA; Maria C. Raven, MD, MPH
Assessment of a Prediction Model for Antidepressant Treatment Stability Using Supervised Topic Models
Authors: Michael C. Hughes, Melanie F. Pradier, Andrew Slavin Ross, Thomas H. McCoy, Roy H. Perlis, Finale Doshi-Velez
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> In the absence of readily assessed and clinically validated predictors of treatment response, pharmacologic management of major depressive disorder often relies on trial and error. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess a model using electronic health records to identify predictors of treatment response in patients with major depressive disorder. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This retrospective cohort study included data from 81 630 adults with a coded diagnosis of major depressive disorder from 2 academic medical centers in Boston, Massachusetts, including outpatient primary and specialty care clinics from December 1, 1997, to December 31, 2017. Data were analyzed from January 1, 2018, to March 15, 2020. <h3>Exposures</h3> Treatment with at least 1 of 11 standard antidepressants. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Stable treatment response, intended as a proxy for treatment effectiveness, defined as continued prescription of an antidepressant for 90 days. Supervised topic models were used to extract 10 interpretable covariates from coded clinical data for stability prediction. With use of data from 1 hospital system (site A), generalized linear models and ensembles of decision trees were trained to predict stability outcomes from topic features that summarize patient history. Held-out patients from site A and individuals from a second hospital system (site B) were evaluated. <h3>Results</h3> Among the 81 630 adults (56 340 women [69%]; mean [SD] age, 48.46 [14.75] years; range, 18.0-80.0 years), 55 303 reached a stable response to their treatment regimen during follow-up. For held-out patients from site A, the mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for discrimination of the general stability outcome was 0.627 (95% CI, 0.615-0.639) for the supervised topic model with 10 covariates. In evaluation of site B, the AUC was 0.619 (95% CI, 0.610-0.627). Building models to predict stability specific to a particular drug did not improve prediction of general stability even when using a harder-to-interpret ensemble classifier and 9256 coded covariates (specific AUC, 0.647; 95% CI, 0.635-0.658; general AUC, 0.661; 95% CI, 0.648-0.672). Topics coherently captured clinical concepts associated with treatment response. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The findings suggest that coded clinical data available in electronic health records may facilitate prediction of general treatment response but not response to specific medications. Although greater discrimination is likely required for clinical application, the results provide a transparent baseline for such studies.
Lymphocyte transformation by grass pollen allergens: a study of atopic patients receiving immunotherapy
Authors: P. Broman, E. Möuller
Journal: Allergy (1988)

We have previously reported on peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) transformation by allergen, PPD as a control antigen and PHA as a mitogen during and after a preseasonal immunotherapy period. The present report describes similar parameters during and after the ensuing maintenance treatment period. Ten patients with grass pollen rhinitis were treated with Allpyral extract and 10 with Conjuvac two‐grass mixture. Lymphocyte transformation responses to grass antigen continued to be low for PBL from patients during the maintenance treatment. Postseasonal values were higher during treatment. In late autumn 1980, when treatment had been stopped, there was a spontaneous fall in lymphocyte stimulation values. Occasional high values were noticed in some patients, two of whom had treatment side effects (urticaria). Clinical data during the whole treatment period (skin prick test, provocation tests, serological parameters, total IgE, grass‐specific IgE, grass‐specific IgG, pollen counts, symptom scores, clinical effect and adverse reactions) have been published separately.
Errors in Text, Figure, and Online Supplement
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Jethro A. Herberg, PhD; Myrsini Kaforou, PhD; Victoria J. Wright, PhD; Hannah Shailes, BSc; Hariklia Eleftherohorinou, PhD; Clive J. Hoggart, PhD; Miriam Cebey-López, MSc; Michael J. Carter, MRCPCH; Victoria A. Janes, MD; Stuart Gormley, MRes; Chisato Shimizu, MD; Adriana H. Tremoulet, MD; Anouk M. Barendregt, BSc; Antonio Salas, PhD; John Kanegaye, MD; Andrew J. Pollard, PhD; Saul N. Faust, PhD; Sanjay Patel, FRCPCH; Taco Kuijpers, PhD; Federico Martinón-Torres, PhD; Jane C. Burns, MD; Lachlan J. M. Coin, PhD; Michael Levin, FRCPCH; for the IRIS Consortium
Abstract 4118: Crescendo T-Wave Alternans Prior to VT in Hospitalized Decompensated Heart Failure Patients in the PRECEDENT Trial
Authors: Bruce D Nearing, Gregory A Wellenius, Murray A Mittleman, Andrew J Burger, Richard L Verrier
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Hospitalized patients with acute decompensated heart failure are at high risk for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. We examined whether T-wave alternans (TWA) magnitude on ambulatory ECGs (...
Paroxetine ameliorates prodromal emotional dysfunction and late-onset memory deficit in Alzheimer’s disease mice
Authors: Peng-Hui Ai, Si Chen, Xian-Dong Liu, Xiao-Na Zhu, Yuan-Bo Pan, Dong-Fu Feng, Shengdi Chen, Nan-Jie Xu, Suya Sun
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2020)

Abstract Background Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) such as depression, anxiety, apathy, and irritability occur in prodromal phases of clinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which might be an increased risk for later developing AD. Here we treated young APP/PS1 AD model mice prophylactically with serotonin-selective re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) paroxetine and investigated the protective role of anti-depressant agent in emotional abnormalities and cognitive defects during disease progress. Methods To investigate the protective role of paroxetine in emotional abnormalities and cognitive defects during disease progress, we performed emotional behaviors of 3 months old APP/PS1 mouse following oral administration of paroxetine prophylactically starting at 1 month of age. Next, we tested the cognitive, biochemical and pathological, effects of long term administration of paroxetine at 6 months old. Results Our results showed that AD mice displayed emotional dysfunction in the early stage. Prophylactic administration of paroxetine ameliorated the initial emotional abnormalities and preserved the eventual memory function in AD mice. Conclusion Our data indicate that prophylactic administration of paroxetine ameliorates the emotional dysfunction and memory deficit in AD mice. These neuroprotective effects are attributable to functional restoration of glutamate receptor (GluN2A) in AD mice.
Gadolinium-doped Au@prussian blue nanoparticles as MR/SERS bimodal agents for dendritic cell activating and tracking
Authors: Cai Zhang, Zhiwen Xu, Huixia Di, Erzao Zeng, Ying Jiang, Dingbin Liu
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

In vivo tracking of dendritic cell (DC) migration to the lymphatic system is essential for evaluating the outcome of DC-based immunotherapies.Novel multimodal imaging strategies with high analytical performance are urgently needed to supply complementary information about the migration and colonization of DCs.In this study, we designed a bimodal imaging agent, namely Au@Prussian blue-Gd@ovalbumin nanoparticles (APG@OVA NPs), for activating DCs and real-time tracking of DC migration process by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Moreover, the distribution of the colonized DCs in the lymphatic system was profiled at the single-cell levels based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique.Methods: In this strategy, PBs as cyanide (CN)-bridged coordination blocks were assembled onto the gold nanoparticles core to provide SERS signal in the Raman-silent region (1800 and 2800 cm -1 ), which could avoid background signal interference.The doping Gd 3+ located in the lattice of PB enables the MRI ability with high relaxivity of the probe.Ovalbumin, an egg allergen, was used as an antigen to activate DCs due to its immunological properties.The prepared APG@OVA NP agents were used to activate DCs with high efficacy and to track their migration and distribution in vivo through SERS/MR bimodal imaging. Results:The APG@OVA NP agents could not only enable DC activating and labeling, but also achieve real-time monitoring of DC migration in vivo and accurate profiling of DC distribution in the lymphatic system.MR imaging indicated the time-dependent migration of the APG@OVA NP-labeled DCs from the footpad to the sentinel lymph node.The background-free Raman mapping of the lymph node tissue slice demonstrated that the activated DCs have successfully colonized to the sentinel lymph node.Conclusion: Concerning the high activating efficacy, dual complementary imaging readouts, and low biological toxicity, the APG@OVA NPs act as high-performance tracking agents for DC-based immunotherapies.