tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metabolic response evaluated by <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT as a potential tool in identifying subgroup of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer for immediate maintenance treatment after first-line chemotherapy.
Authors: Su-Hee Cho, Silvia Park, Lee Chun Park, Jun Ho Ji, Ji Yean Lee, Deok Won Hwang, Chi Hoon Maeng, Hee Kyung Ahn, Myung-ju Ahn, Keunchil Park, Jin Seok Ahn, Jong-Mu Sun
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e18148 Background: Platinum-based doublet regimens have been a mainstay of first-line treatment with advanced non–small cell lung cancerand ans the present guidelines recommend four to six cycles and waiting until disease progression. However subsequent disease progression is often rapid so sequential and maintenance therapy was performed in many studies. But almost studies didn’t show the significant survival benefit. Thus, we supposed that FDG PET may be a useful to determine what subgroup have better prognosis Methods: We founded out fifty-two patients who diagnosed to underwent baseline and follow-up FDG PET after 4 cycles of first-line platinum based chemotherapy. We obstained patient's characteristics and response rate (RR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) from the medical records. And we checked maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) , metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG) from FDG PET. Results: Univariate analysis showed that MTV (hazard ratio = 1.032, P = 0.007) and TLG (hazard ratio = 1.030, P = 0.001) were independent predictive factors associated with decreased PFS and gender (hazard ratio = 5.248, P = 0.026), smoking (hazard ratio = 7.798, P = 0.006), EGFR mutation (hazard ratio = 0.106, P = 0.030) and TLG (hazard ratio = 1.027, P = 0.046) were significant predictors of OS. Histopathology was a marginally significant prognostic factor (P = 0.058). Multivariate analysis showed that TLG (hazard ratio = 1.030, P = 0.001) were independent predictive factors associated with decreased PFS and smoking (hazard ratio = 10.588, P = 0.002) and TLG (hazard ratio = 1.043, P = 0.007) were significant predictors of OS. Conclusions: There is a correlation between TLG and PFS significantly. We suggest that follow-up FDG PET after 4 cycle chemotherpy can help to discriminate patients who have benefit through sequential and maintenance therapy. But it need specific value for clinical use, so more large-scale prospective study is warranted.
Nuclear Medicine Imaging Techniques of the Kidney
Authors: Andrew T. Taylor
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Radionuclide renal scintigraphy provides important functional data to assist in the diagnosis and management of patients with a variety of known or suspected diseases involving the kidney, ureters, and bladder. Several different radiopharmaceuticals are available for radionuclide renography, multiple quantitative indexes can be generated, and protocols often vary depending on institutional preference and the clinical presentation. The nuclear medicine physician needs to obtain a clear understanding of the clinical question so that the renal study can be optimized to answer the clinician's question as clearly as possible.
Quercetin Displays Anti-Myeloma Activity and Synergistic Effect with Dexamethasone in Vitro and In Vivo Xenograft Models
Authors: Xing Guo, Donghua He, Li Yang, Yi Li, Qingxiao Chen, Jing Chen, Enfan Zhang, Xuanru Lin, Jingsong He, Yang Yang, Xiaoyan Han, Gaofeng Zheng, Wenjun Wu, Yi Zhao, He Huang, Zhen Cai
Journal: Blood (2015)
Abstract C09: Reduced proficiency in homologous recombination underlies the high sensitivity of embryonal carcinoma testicular germ cell tumors to cisplatin and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition
Authors: Francesca Cavallo, Grazia Graziani, Cristina Antinozzi, Darren R. Feldman, Jane Houldsworth, George J. Bosl, Raju S. K. Chaganti, Mary Ellen Moynahan, Maria Jasin, Marco Barchi
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Testicular Germ Cell Tumors (TGCT) and patient-derived cell lines are extremely sensitive to cisplatin and other interstrand cross-link (ICL) inducing agents. Nevertheless, a subset of TGCTs are either innately resistant or acquire resistance to cisplatin during treatment. Understanding the mechanisms underlying TGCT sensitivity/resistance to cisplatin as well as the identification of novel strategies to target cisplatin-resistant TGCTs have major clinical implications. Herein, we have examined the proficiency of five embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell lines to repair cisplatin-induced ICLs. Using γH2AX staining as a marker of double strand break formation, we found that EC cell lines were either incapable of or had a reduced ability to repair ICL-induced damage. The defect correlated with reduced Homologous Recombination (HR) repair, as demonstrated by the reduction of RAD51 foci formation and by direct evaluation of HR efficiency using a GFP-reporter substrate. HR-defective tumors cells are known to be sensitive to the treatment with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. In line with this observation, we found that EC cell lines were also sensitive to PARP inhibitor monotherapy. The magnitude of sensitivity correlated with HR-repair reduced proficiency and with the expression levels and activity of PARP1 protein. In addition, we found that PARP inhibition strongly enhanced the response of the most resistant EC cells to cisplatin, by reducing their ability to overcome the damage. These results point to a reduced proficiency of HR repair as a source of sensitivity of ECs to ICL-inducing agents and PARP inhibitor monotherapy, and suggest that pharmacological inhibition of PARP can be exploited to target the stem cell component of the TGCTs (namely ECs) and to enhance the sensitivity of cisplatin-resistant TGCTs to standard treatments. Citation Format: Francesca Cavallo, Grazia Graziani, Cristina Antinozzi, Darren R. Feldman, Jane Houldsworth, George J. Bosl, Raju S. K. Chaganti, Mary Ellen Moynahan, Maria Jasin and Marco Barchi. Reduced proficiency in homologous recombination underlies the high sensitivity of embryonal carcinoma testicular germ cell tumors to cisplatin and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr C09.
Abstract IA05: Microbiota, metabolites, and antitumor immunity
Authors: Kathy D. McCoy
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract The intestinal microbiome heavily influences development and regulation of the immune system. The microbiome, which includes bacteria, viruses, and fungi, can also influence the initiation, development, and progression of cancer, with modulation of the immune system as one of the key pathways involved. Gut bacteria have also been found to alter the efficacy of cancer therapies, including immune checkpoint blockade therapy. These immunotherapies utilize the therapeutic potential of the immune system and have revolutionized cancer treatment. Yet this promising new strategy is not effective in all individuals (or all cancers) and has shown poor efficacy in colorectal cancer. We therefore investigated whether the intestinal microbiota could play a role in modulating immunotherapy in mouse models of colorectal cancers. We have identified specific intestinal commensal bacteria and a bacterial metabolite that control the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in animal models of colorectal cancer. In this session I will discuss the cellular and molecular pathways involved in this novel microbiota-microbe-immune pathway and describe the potential of bacteria-checkpoint blockade cotherapies. Citation Format: Kathy D. McCoy. Microbiota, metabolites, and antitumor immunity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Microbiome, Viruses, and Cancer; 2020 Feb 21-24; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(8 Suppl):Abstract nr IA05.
Lipid Remodeling in Hepatocyte Proliferation and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zoe Hall, Davide Chiarugi, Evelina Charidemou, Jack Leslie, Emma Scott, Luca Pellegrinet, Michael Allison, Gabriele Mocciaro, Quentin M. Anstee, Gerard I. Evan, Matthew Hoare, Antonio Vidal‐Puig, Fiona Oakley, Michele Vacca, Julian L. Griffin
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

Hepatocytes undergo profound metabolic rewiring when primed to proliferate during compensatory regeneration and in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the metabolic control of these processes is not fully understood. In order to capture the metabolic signature of proliferating hepatocytes, we applied state-of-the-art systems biology approaches to models of liver regeneration, pharmacologically and genetically activated cell proliferation, and HCC.
The Nature of Suffering and the Goals of Medicine
Authors: Eric J. Cassel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Abstract The question of suffering and its relation to organic illness has rarely been addressed in the medical literature. This article offers a description of the nature and causes of suffering in patients undergoing medical treatment. A distinction based on clinical observations is made between suffering and physical distress. Suffering is experienced by persons, not merely by bodies, and has its source in challenges that threaten the intactness of the person as a complex social and psychological entity. Suffering can include physical pain but is by no means limited to it. The relief of suffering and the cure of disease must be seen as twin obligations of a medical profession that is truly dedicated to the care of the sick. Physicians' failure to understand the nature of suffering can result in medical intervention that (though technically adequate) not only fails to relieve suffering but becomes a source of suffering itself. (N Engl J Med. 1982; 306:639–45.)
Suggestions Regarding the GEICAM/2003-11_CIBOMA/2004-01 Trial: Future Treatment Options for Early Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Yuko Usui, Hiroto Ishiki, Akihiko Shimomura, Eriko Satomi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

Recently, Lluch et al 1 reported the results of the GEICAM/2003-11_CIBOMA/2004-01 trial.Unfortunately, this trial did not meet the primary end point of diseasefree survival.We assume there are several discussion points regarding the negative results.We believe that consideration of the following issues might be helpful when developing the next treatment strategy for triplenegative breast cancer (TNBC).
Pyogenic Liver Abscess
Authors: J. Edward Flynn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

PYOGENIC abscesses of the liver have caused death in at least half the patients afflicted with this disease, the mortality having ranged from 50 per cent, in Eliason's1 series, to 95 per cent, reported by Brütt.2 Since chemotherapy has proved to be of great value in many diseases caused by pyogenic organisms, it seems logical that one of these drugs might be useful in cases of pyogenic liver abscess, and a case so treated is reported.EtiologyThere are five ways in which pyogenic organisms invade the liver. First, they may travel through the portal vein from regions drained by . . .
Mesenchymal niche remodeling impairs hematopoiesis via stanniocalcin 1 in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Alexander Waclawiczek, Ashley Hamilton, Kevin Rouault-Pierre, Ander Abarrategi, Manuel Garcia Albornoz, Farideh Miraki-Moud, Nourdine Bah, John Gribben, Jude Fitzgibbon, David Taussig, Dominique Bonnet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) disrupts the generation of normal blood cells, predisposing patients to hemorrhage, anemia, and infections. Differentiation and proliferation of residual normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are impeded in AML-infiltrated bone marrow (BM). The underlying mechanisms and interactions of residual hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) within the leukemic niche are poorly understood, especially in the human context. To mimic AML infiltration and dissect the cellular crosstalk in human BM, we established humanized ex vivo and in vivo niche models comprising AML cells, normal HSPCs, and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Both models replicated the suppression of phenotypically defined HSPC differentiation without affecting their viability. As occurs in AML patients, the majority of HSPCs were quiescent and showed enrichment of functional HSCs. HSPC suppression was largely dependent on secreted factors produced by transcriptionally remodeled MSCs. Secretome analysis and functional validation revealed MSC-derived stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) and its transcriptional regulator HIF-1α as limiting factors for HSPC proliferation. Abrogation of either STC1 or HIF-1α alleviated HSPC suppression by AML. This study provides a humanized model to study the crosstalk among HSPCs, leukemia, and their MSC niche, and a molecular mechanism whereby AML impairs normal hematopoiesis by remodeling the mesenchymal niche.
Rate-Dependent Conduction Block of the Crista Terminalis in Patients With Typical Atrial Flutter
Authors: Angel Arenal, Jesus Almendral, Jesus M. Alday, Julian Villacastín, Jose M. Ormaetxe, Jose Luis M. Sande, Nicasio Perez-Castellano, Sergio Gonzalez, Mercedes Ortiz, Juan Luis Delcán
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —The crista terminalis (CT) has been identified as the posterior boundary of typical atrial flutter (AFL) in the lateral wall (LW) of the right atrium (RA). To study conduction properties across the CT, rapid pacing was performed at both sides of the CT after bidirectional conduction block was achieved in the cavotricuspid isthmus by radiofrequency catheter ablation. Methods and Results —In 22 patients (aged 61±7 years) with AFL (cycle length, 234±23 ms), CT was identified during AFL by double electrograms recorded between the LW and posterior wall (PW). After the ablation procedure, decremental pacing trains were delivered from 600 ms to 2-to-1 local capture at the LW and PW or coronary sinus ostium (CSO). At least 5 bipolar electrograms were recorded along the CT from the high to the low atrium next to the inferior vena cava. No double electrograms were recorded during sinus rhythm in that area. Complete transversal conduction block all along the CT (detected by the appearance of double electrograms at all recording sites and craniocaudal activation sequence on the side opposite to the pacing site) was observed in all patients during pacing from the PW or CSO (cycle length, 334±136 ms), but it was fixed in only 4 patients. During pacing from the LW, complete block appeared at a shorter pacing cycle length (281±125 ms; P &lt;0.01) and was fixed in 2 patients. In 3 patients, complete block was not achieved. Conclusions —These data suggest the presence of rate-dependent transversal conduction block at the crista terminalis in patients with typical AFL. Block is usually observed at longer pacing cycle lengths with PW pacing than with LW pacing. This difference may be a critical determinant of the counterclockwise rotation of typical AFL.
Mondor's Disease
Authors: Jorge Soler-González, M C Ruiz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

A 32-year-old woman presented with a three-day history of tenderness and swelling of the left breast. Physical examination revealed a subcutaneous fibrous lesion that was linear and cordlike. The patient was given nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. The lesion and pain both disappeared within six weeks, and the patient has subsequently been well. Mondor's disease is characterized by thrombophlebitis of the subcutaneous veins of the anterolateral thoracoabdominal wall. The condition is three times as frequent in women as in men and is usually benign and self-limited, although it has been associated with breast cancer.
Mental Health in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Emergency—The Italian Response
Authors: Giovanni de Girolamo, Giancarlo Cerveri, Massimo Clerici, Emiliano Monzani, Franco Spinogatti, Fabrizio Starace, Giambattista Tura, Antonio Vita
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> This article briefly reports the experience of mental health services and the lessons learned during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis. In particular, this report offers opportunities to build on experience gained in managing the COVID-19 emergency in the Departments of Mental Health and Addiction (DMHAs) in Lombardy, the wealthiest Italian region, which has approximately 10 million inhabitants. <h3>Observations</h3> Italy has a National Mental Health System divided into 134 DMHAs, 27 of which are in Lombardy. In the 4 weeks after the epidemic started, important changes occurred in the management of DMHAs in Lombardy. Many challenges have occurred in the management of health services. In many hospitals, entire wards, including some psychiatric wards, have been reorganized to admit patients with COVID-19, and many physicians and nurses have been diverted to wards managing patients with COVID-19. Most day facilities for patients with psychiatric needs have been temporarily closed, whereas in residential facilities, patients who usually are free to come and go during the day have had to be confined in the facilities with very limited or no leave. These changes have produced considerable stresses on people with severe mental disorders. Many outpatient clinics have limited appointments to those with the most urgent cases, and home visits, a common practice in most DMHAs, have been drastically reduced with potentially detrimental consequences for patients' well-being. Another potential detrimental consequence of being forced to stay at home has been an increase in the hours spent face to face with families with high amounts of conflict. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Departments of Mental Health need to be equipped with appropriate e-health technologies and procedures to cope with situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, interventions are needed to mitigate the potentially harmful consequences of quarantine. Departments of Mental Health should be able to assume a leadership position in the psychosocial management of disasterlike situations, and this requires the acquisition of new skills, notably how to correctly inform the population about risk, train and disseminate effective preventive and management procedures for disasters, support health personnel and rescuers, and support those experiencing bereavement.
Acetic acid for subtle serrated lesions of the right colon: does it facilitate diagnosis?
Authors: Martin Miguel Galvarini Recabarren, Lisandro Pereyra, Cristian Ahumada, Federico Bentolila, Pablo Luna, Daniel Cimmino, Luis Boerr
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/Ps) have a well-established malignant potential. Because of their subtle appearance, they pose a special diagnostic challenge for the endoscopist [1] [2].
Upregulation of CD38 expression on multiple myeloma cells by novel HDAC6 inhibitors is a class effect and augments the efficacy of daratumumab
Authors: Estefanía García-Guerrero, Ralph Götz, Sören Doose, Markus Sauer, Alfonso Rodríguez-Gil, Thomas Nerreter, K. Martin Kortüm, José A. Pérez-Simón, Hermann Einsele, Michael Hudecek, Sophia Danhof
Journal: Leukemia (2020)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is incurable, so there is a significant unmet need for effective therapy for patients with relapsed or refractory disease. This situation has not changed despite the recent approval of the anti-CD38 antibody daratumumab, one of the most potent agents in MM treatment. The efficiency of daratumumab might be improved by combining it with synergistic anti-MM agents. We therefore investigated the potential of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor ricolinostat to up-regulate CD38 on MM cells, thereby enhancing the performance of CD38-specific therapies. Using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry, we observed that ricolinostat significantly increases CD38 RNA levels and CD38 surface expression on MM cells. Super-resolution microscopy imaging of MM cells by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy confirmed this rise with molecular resolution and revealed homogeneous distribution of CD38 molecules on the cell membrane. Particularly important is that combining ricolinostat with daratumumab induced enhanced lysis of MM cells. We also evaluated next-generation HDAC6 inhibitors (ACY-241, WT-161) and observed similar increase of CD38 levels suggesting that the upregulation of CD38 expression on MM cells by HDAC6 inhibitors is a class effect. This proof-of-concept illustrates the potential benefit of combining HDAC6 inhibitors and CD38-directed immunotherapy for MM treatment.
The role of bone marrow biopsy in patients with plasma cell disorders: should all patients with a monoclonal protein be biopsied?
Authors: M. Hasib Sidiqi, Mohammed Aljama, Shaji K. Kumar, Dragan Jevremovic, Francis K. Buadi, Rahma Warsame, Martha Q. Lacy, David Dingli, Wilson I. Gonsalves, Amie L. Fonder, Miriam A. Hobbs, Yi Lisa Hwa, Prashant Kapoor, Taxiarchis Kourelis, Nelson Leung, Eli Muchtar, John A. Lust, Robert A. Kyle, Ronald S. Go, Vincent S. Rajkumar, Morie A. Gertz, Angela Dispenzieri
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2020)

Abstract We conducted a retrospective review of multiple myeloma (MM), smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) patients seen at Mayo Clinic to determine whether a bone marrow biopsy (BM) is necessary in all patients diagnosed with a monoclonal protein. A total of 2254 MM, 397 SMM, and 5836 MGUS patients were included in the study. A total of 29 (1.3%) MM patients “without CRAB/FLC” were identified where BM or advanced imaging was critical for diagnosis, 8 (0.3% MM cohort) of whom were diagnosed with MM solely on BM findings (plasma cells &gt; 60%). Without BM or advanced imaging none of these patients would be classified low-risk MGUS. A total of 314 (79%) MGUS-like SMM patients were identified where classification of SMM was based on BM findings. Without BM 97 would be classified as low/low-intermediate-risk MGUS and 151 intermediate or high-risk MGUS; 66 had missing information precluding classification. Only three (&lt;1% SMM cohort) were low-risk MGUS without abnormalities in hemoglobin, calcium, and renal function. In patients presenting with low-risk MGUS and normal hemoglobin, calcium, and renal function, the risk of missing a diagnosis of SMM and MM by omitting BM is &lt;1%. BM should be deferred in these patients in preference to clinical and laboratory monitoring.
Abstract 11744: Simultaneous Evaluation of Myocardial Viability Between Late Gadolinium Enhancement Transmurality and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake in Patients With Chronic Total Occlusion Using by Hybrid Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Takatoyo Kiko, Yasuchika Takeishi
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: The simultaneous assessment of myocardial viability between 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) by MRI for coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO)...