tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low Physical Activity Levels And Poorer Muscle Strength Are Associated With Reduced Physical Function At Intensive Care Unit Discharge: An Observational Study
Authors: LJ Beach, K Fetterplace, L Edbrooke, SM Parry, R Curtis, T Rechnitzer, SC Berney, L Denehy
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Objectives: To explore the differences in patients with hepatic and gastrointestinal disease receiving PCC and/or FFP during bleeding episodes or in surgery. Methods: A single-centre retrospective observational cohort study of patients with severe coagulopathy or active bleeding in a university hospital. Results: We studied 40 patients receiving FFP only (18, 45%), PCC only (7, 17.5%) or both (15, 37.5%) during a hospital admission; their median age was 55 (46.5–63) years and 35% of patients were female. 40% of patients developed a composite outcome of death in hospital or thromboembolic complication. Compared to those receiving FFP alone, patients receiving PCC with FFP or only PCC were significantly more likely to develop the composite outcome (OR=12, 95% CI: 1.99–72.35, p=0.007 and OR=20, 95% CI: 2.21–180.9, p=0.008 respectively). The reason for admission to ICU (p=0.06) and the need for CRRT (p=0.074) were included in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Compared to those receiving FFP alone, PCC administration with or without FFP remained an independent predictor of outcome (OR=10.5, 95% CI: 1.43–76.93, p=0.021 and OR=18.21, 95% CI: 1.54–215.13, p=0.021), while admission to ICU for liver pathology or intervention appeared to be protective (OR=0.12, 95% CI: 0.02–0.91, p=0.041). Conclusion(s): There is an independent association between PCC administration and the composite outcome of death or thromboembolic complications in hospital. PCC may contribute to these events, or be a marker of illness severity, or both. Further exploration is warranted.
Abstract A12: Expression of GPR41, GPR43, and GPR109A in breast tissue in relation to breast cancer development
Authors: Annie Kump, Daniel Herrera, Leah T. Stiemsma
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Introduction: There is evidence to suggest that the human microbiome may play a key role in the development of breast cancer. There is a unique microbial signature in mammary tissue that is associated with breast cancer. Further, there is mounting evidence to support the role of the gut microbiome in promoting or preventing breast cancer. Consequently, specific compositional and/or functional shifts in either of these microbiomes may promote the growth of breast tumors. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are microbial metabolites produced in the large intestine by bacterial fermentation of complex carbohydrates. These metabolites exit the gut and interact with many different cell types throughout the human body, including those in the breast, via g-protein coupled receptors; GPR41, GPR43, and GPR109A. These metabolites have been identified as a potential functional connection between the gut microbiome and breast cancer but have not been studied in breast tissue in the context of breast cancer. To assess the interaction between the microbiome and breast tumor development, we analyzed the expression of these receptors in tissue collected from women who donated healthy, prediagnostic, or cancerous tissue to the Susan G. Komen and Indiana University Simon Cancer Center Tissue Banks. Methods: DNA and RNA (n=60, n = 15 for each tissue subset: healthy, prediagnostic, adjacent normal, and tumor tissue) was copurified from these tissues using the Qiagen AllPrep® PowerFecal® DNA/RNA Kit. The RNA was then reverse transcribed into complementary DNA. Quantitative PCR was performed on the cDNA using four validated primer sets: GPR41, GPR43, GPR109A, and ribosomal 18S (housekeeping gene). Results/Cconclusions: We did not identify any significant differences in expression levels of these receptors between the participant groups, suggesting that cancer status is not associated with increased metabolic activity of the microbiome. We are currently conducting sensitivity analyses to determine the role of clinical factors such as age, menopausal status, BMI, etc., on the expression of these receptors in breast tissue. We are also investigating the expression of enzymes and transporters in breast tissue related to host cell metabolism of the most bioactive SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate). This work will yield valuable information regarding the interaction between the human microbiome and breast tumor development. Ultimately, it may be possible to target SCFA-producing bacteria or SCFA catabolic pathways in breast tissue to prevent or treat breast cancer. Citation Format: Annie Kump, Daniel Herrera, Leah T. Stiemsma. Expression of GPR41, GPR43, and GPR109A in breast tissue in relation to breast cancer development [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Microbiome, Viruses, and Cancer; 2020 Feb 21-24; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(8 Suppl):Abstract nr A12.
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Version 2.2020, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology
Authors: Ayman Saad, Marcos de Lima, Sarah Anand, Vijaya Raj Bhatt, Ryan Bookout, George Chen, Daniel Couriel, Antonio Di Stasi, Areej El-Jawahri, Sergio Giralt, Jonathan Gutman, Vincent Ho, Mitchell Horwitz, Joe Hsu, Mark Juckett, Mohamed Kharfan Dabaja, Alison W. Loren, Javier Meade, Marco Mielcarek, Jonathan Moreira, Ryotaro Nakamura, Yago Nieto, Julianna Roddy, Gowri Satyanarayana, Mark Schroeder, Carlyn Rose Tan, Dimitrios Tzachanis, Jennifer L. Burns, Lenora A. Pluchino
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2020)

Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) involves the infusion of hematopoietic progenitor cells into patients with hematologic disorders with the goal of re-establishing normal hematopoietic and immune function. HCT is classified as autologous or allogeneic based on the origin of hematopoietic cells. Autologous HCT uses the patient’s own cells while allogeneic HCT uses hematopoietic cells from a human leukocyte antigen-compatible donor. Allogeneic HCT is a potentially curative treatment option for patients with certain types of hematologic malignancies, and autologous HCT is primarily used to support patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy. Advances in HCT methods and supportive care in recent decades have led to improved survival after HCT; however, disease relapse and posttransplant complications still commonly occur in both autologous and allogeneic HCT recipients. Allogeneic HCT recipients may also develop acute and/or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which results in immune-mediated cellular injury of several organs. The NCCN Guidelines for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation focus on recommendations for pretransplant recipient evaluation and the management of GVHD in adult patients with malignant disease.
Recent Advances in Haematology.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Haemopoietic growth factors signal transduction in haemopoietic cells thalassaemia gene rearrangement in leukaemia and lymphomas cytogenetics of acute leukaemia oncogenes in leukaemogenesis and lympomas chronic granulocytic leukaemia chronic lympocytic leukaemia and related diseases the management of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma biological and therapeutic aspects of multiple myeloma bone marrow transplantation molecular aspects of haemostasis thrombolytic therapy the general control of haemostasis with particular emphasis on proteins C, S and thrombomodulin AIDS and haematology.
Amoxicillin or tetracycline in bismuth-containing quadruple therapy as first-line treatment for <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection
Authors: Chang Seok Bang, Hyun Lim, Hae Min Jeong, Woon Geon Shin, Jae Ho Choi, Jae Seung Soh, Ho Suk Kang, Young Joo Yang, Ji Taek Hong, Suk Pyo Shin, Ki Tae Suk, Jae Jun Lee, Gwang Ho Baik, Dong Joon Kim
Journal: Gut Microbes (2020)

Aim To compare the efficacy and safety between modified quadruple- and bismuth-containing quadruple therapy as first-line eradication regimen for Helicobacter pylori infection.Methods This study was a multicenter, randomized-controlled, non-inferiority trial. Subjects endoscopically diagnosed with H. pylori infection were randomly allocated to receive modified quadruple- (rabeprazole 20 mg bid, amoxicillin 1 g bid, metronidazole 500 mg tid, bismuth subcitrate 300 mg qid [elemental bismuth 480 mg]; PAMB) or bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (rabeprazole 20 mg bid, bismuth subcitrate 300 mg qid, metronidazole 500 mg tid, tetracycline 500 mg qid; PBMT) for 14 days. Rates of eradication success and adverse events were investigated. Antibiotic resistance was determined using the agar dilution and DNA sequencing of the clarithromycin resistance point mutations in the 23 S rRNA gene of H. pylori.Results In total, 233 participants were randomized, 27 were lost to follow-up, and four violated the protocol. Both regimens showed an acceptable eradication rate in the intention-to-treat (PAMB: 87.2% vs. PBMT: 82.8%, P = .37), modified intention-to-treat (96.2% vs. 96%, P > .99), and per-protocol (96.2% vs. 96.9%, P > .99) analyses. Non-inferiority in the eradication success between PAMB and PBMT was confirmed. The amoxicillin-, metronidazole-, tetracycline-, clarithromycin-, and levofloxacin-resistance rates were 8.3, 40, 9.4, 23.5, and 42.2%, respectively. Antimicrobial resistance did not significantly affect the efficacy of either therapy. Overall compliance was 98.1%. Adverse events were not significantly different between the two therapies.Conclusion Modified quadruple therapy comprising rabeprazole, amoxicillin, metronidazole, and bismuth is an effective first-line treatment for the H. pylori infection in regions with high clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance.
Surgery in a Time of Uncertainty
Authors: Edward H. Livingston
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Sean Wei Xiang Ong, MBBS; Yian Kim Tan, PhD; Po Ying Chia, MBBS; Tau Hong Lee, MBBS; Oon Tek Ng, MBBS, MPH; Michelle Su Yen Wong, PhD; Kalisvar Marimuthu, MBBS
Abstract 14173: Heterogeneity of Electron Density in Aortic Valve Calcification of Aortic Stenosis Based on Dual-Source, Dual-Energy Computed Tomography
Authors: Mitsuru Kanisawa, Nobuo Iguchi, Haruhiko Machida, Kenichi Hagiya, Ryosuke Higuchi, Mike Saji, Itaru Takamisawa, Mamoru Nanasato, Kaori Takada, Yoshiyuki Mizutani, Mitsuaki Isobe
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has recently become a standard treatment for elderly patients with aortic stenosis (AS). Successful TAVI seems to be dependent on a thor...
CRAN-02. LOW CONCORDANCE BETWEEN SURGICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF DEGREE OF RESECTION AND TREATMENT-RELATED HYPOTHALAMIC DAMAGE – RESULTS OF KRANIOPHARYNGEOM 2007
Authors: Hermann L Müller, Julia Reichel, Svenja Boekhoff, Monika Warmuth-Metz, Maria Eveslage, Junxiang Peng, Jörg Flitsch
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

Assessment of presurgical hypothalamic involvement (psHI) and treatment-related hypothalamic damage (trHD) is relevant for the decision on risk-adapted treatment and rehabilitation strategies in craniopharyngioma. PATIENTS AND 129 surgical reports of childhood-onset craniopharyngioma patients recruited 2007–2014 in KRANIOPHARYNGEOM 2007 were analyzed. Data on psHI were available based on surgeon’s (63%), reference neuroradiologist’s (95%), and local radiologist’s (23%) assessment. The surgical degree of resection (DoR) was assessed by neurosurgeon (95%), reference neuroradiologist (73%), and local radiologist (61%). TrHD was assessed by neurosurgeon (33%), by reference neuroradiologist (95%), and by local radiologist (2%). Neurosurgical center size was categorized based on patient load. Surgical assessments on psHI (n=78), DoR (n=89) and trHD (n=42) as documented in surgical reports could be compared with the assessment of respective parameters by reference neuroradiologist. Differences with regard to DoR (p=0.0001) and trHD (p<0.0001) were detectable between surgeon’s and reference neuroradiologist’s assessment, whereas psHI was assessed similarly. Concordance for DoR and trHD was observed in 48% and 62%, respectively. Surgeons estimated a higher rate of complete resections and a lower rate of trHD. Neuroradiological reference assessment of trHD had higher predictive value for hypothalamic sequelae then surgical assessment. Observed differences were not related to neurosurgical center size. Observed differences between surgical and neuroradiological estimation of risk factors in craniopharyngioma support the necessity of neuroradiological reference review to assure standards of quality. This could be established by central internet-based neuroradiological review in KRANIOPHARYNGEOM 2007. Standardization of surgical reports including specific assessment of tumor/damage location is recommended.
Nuclear Medicine Imaging Techniques of the Musculoskeletal System
Authors: Gopinath Gnanasegaran, Gary Cook
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Bone scintigraphy is used as a common screening test for suspected bone metastases because of its high sensitivity, availability, low cost and ability to scan the entire skeleton. Historical data and clinical experience has established bone scintigraphy as the reference standard in the search for skeletal metastatic disease, and many indications have become established for benign skeletal disorders (Table 10.1). Chiewitz and Hevesy first described the use of radionuclides to study the skeleton in 1935 [1] where 32phosphorus (32P) activity was measured in rat organs with a Geiger Muller counter and where uptake of 32P from blood to bone was noted suggesting that skeletal metabolism is a dynamic process. Fleming and colleagues produced the first radionuclide skeletal images in 1961 using 85Sr [2], and this radioisotope was commonly used for bone scanning and the study of skeletal kinetics. Although 87mSr was introduced as an alternative bone scanning agent with a more suitable gamma ray for imaging of 388 KeV and half-life of 2.8 h, the introduction of 18F-fluoride and then 99mTc-labeled compounds superseded this. In 1971 Subramanian and McAfee successfully prepared technetium-99m-polyphosphates. However, it was later found that the bone localizing properties were due to pyrophosphate [3, 4]. Since then there have been many developments in both radiopharmaceuticals and scanning techniques to aid evaluation of metastatic bone disease. In recent years technetium-99m (99mTc)-labeled diphosphonates have become the most widely used radiopharmaceuticals, particularly 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP). Improvements in gamma camera design, including the increased availability of tomographic scintigraphy (single photon emission computed tomography, SPECT), have also helped nuclear medicine techniques which provide functional information and maintain their clinical utility in spite of the major advances in cross-sectional anatomical imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the use of positron emission tomography (PET) tracers in the investigation of various aspects of skeletal disease but especially in the diagnosis of bone metastases.
Characterization of IL-21-expressing recombinant hepatitis B virus (HBV) as a therapeutic agent targeting persisting HBV infection
Authors: Zhongliang Shen, Jingwen Wu, Zixiang Gao, Jingyu Wang, Haoxiang Zhu, Richen Mao, Xuanyi Wang, Jiming Zhang, Youhua Xie, Jing Liu
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Chronic infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) is associated with high risks of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In mouse models of HBV persistence, interleukin 21 (IL-21) has been identified as a potent inducer of viral clearance. Strict hepatotropism makes recombinant HBV (rHBV) vectors ideal for liver-targeting gene delivery. Previously, we established an rHBV vector termed 5c3c, which is highly replicative by itself, but requires HBV envelope proteins provided in trans to produce virions. 5c3c-based rHBV virions are capable of delivering cargo gene expression driven by HBV Sp1 promoter into infected hepatocytes. In this work, we explore the feasibility of using 5c3c-derived rHBV for liver-specific delivery of IL-21 as treatment of chronic HBV infection. Methods: 5c3c-derived rHBV replicons harboring mouse or human IL-21 genes (termed 5c3c-mIL-21 and 5c3c-hIL-21 respectively) were constructed and then tested for the production of rHBV virions in vitro and in vivo. 5c3c-mIL-21's anti-HBV effects were determined in chronic HBV mouse model. Furthermore, superinfection by rHBV virions was analysed using HBV-infected HepG2/NTCP cells and human liver chimeric mice. Results: 5c3c-mIL-21 and 5c3c-hIL-21 were efficiently replicative and produced enveloped virions when provided with envelope proteins, both in vitro and in vivo. In mouse model of HBV persistence, IL-21 expressed from injected 5c3c-mIL-21 replicon induced complete viral clearance. 5c3c-mIL-21 and 5c3c-hIL-21 virions could infect HepG2/NTCP cells and engender sustained IL-21 expression. Most importantly, IL-21-expressing rHBV virions could superinfect HBV-infected HepG2/NTCP cells and human hepatocytes in human liver chimeric mice, and engender sustained IL-21 expression and rHBV production. Conclusion: These data suggest the high potential of 5c3c-derived IL-21-expressing rHBV as a novel therapeutic against chronic HBV infection.
Concomitant chemoradiation using gemcitabine in locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: A. I. Masood, A. A. Javed, A. Mateen, S. A. Gurchani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e15611 Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most common malignancies in Pakistan. There is currently no standard management for advanced HCC. Non-surgical modalities have demonstrated minimal improvements in survival. The aim of present study is to assess response rate and toxicity of concomitant gemcitabine and external radiation therapy (ERT) in locally advanced HCC. Methods: Thirty three biopsy proven advanced HCC patients having Okuda stage I and II disease were enrolled. 70 mg/m 2 gemcitabine was given once weekly for three weeks during ERT. Partial liver ERT was delivered with 60 Co upto 30 gray (Gy), 1.8 Gy/fraction and five fractions in a week. Tumor response was assessed by computed tomography (CT) eight weeks after completion of treatment. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) was used to assess complete and partial response (CR, PR); progressive and stable disease (PD, SD). Hematological [neutropenia and thrombocytopenia], gastrointestinal (vomiting and diarrhea) and liver [encephalopathy, bilirubin, alanine and aspartate transferases (ALT and AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] toxicities were assessed weekly during treatment and then fortnightly upto 2 months according to Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events version (3.0). Primary end point was to assess response rate at eight weeks after completion of treatment and Grade 3 or 4 toxicity during this period. Results: 28/33 patients were evaluable. No CR was seen. PR, SD and PD (%) were seen in 36, 39 and 25 of patients respectively. No grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was observed. 7/28 (25%) of patients developed grade 3 thrombocytopenia during treatment and needed a delay of one week for gemcitabine administration. Grade 3/4 toxicity (%) related to vomiting, diarrhea, encephalopathy, bilirubin, ALT, AST and ALP was seen in 18, 29, 21, 18, 14, 29 and 32 of the patients. Conclusions: The study showed that concomitant chemoradiation using 70mg/m 2 gemcitabine is a feasible option with acceptable toxicity in locally advanced HCC. A larger study will be appropriate to define its definite role. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Effect of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection on the development of atherosclerosis in a rat model
Authors: C. Turkay, R. Saba, N. Sahin, H. Altunbas, Ö. Ozbudak, B. Akkaya, G. Özbilim, I. Cölbasi, M. Turkay, D. Ögünç, Ö. Bayezid
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2004)
フラボピリドール(HMR1275、サイクリン依存性キナーゼ(CDK)阻止剤)の毎週1時間点滴の第I相臨床試験
Authors: Mizunuma N, Nagasaki E, Hatake K, Minami H, Mukai H, Tahara M, Kawada K, Ohtsu T
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)
A planetary health perspective on COVID-19: a call for papers
Authors: Alastair Brown, Richard Horton
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2020)

It is natural during the unfolding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to focus on emergency response planning, including containment, treatment procedures, and vaccine development, and nobody would doubt the need for these measures. However, an emergency can also open a window of opportunity for reflection and learning. We live in increasingly global, interdependent, and environmentally constrained societies and the COVID-19 pandemic exemplifies these aspects of our world. We would therefore be wise to take a broad integrated perspective on this disease, the impacts of which are already spilling over into the realms of economics, international trade, politics, and inequality. Resilience planning needs to cope with these cascading impacts, and prevention efforts require a similarly wide lens to encompass ecosystems, wild animal disease surveillance, agricultural practices, eating habits, and cultural traditions and contexts. In other words, we need a planetary health perspective that cuts across traditional domains of knowledge, governance, and economic sectors to properly address the challenge posed by COVID-19. We welcome submissions on all aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic across the Lancet titles, but here we are calling for submissions to The Lancet and The Lancet Planetary Health. We particularly welcome interdisciplinary research that integrates across important knowledge domains to provide a fuller understanding of the causes and socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19, as well as public understanding and responses, the efficacy of management and prevention interventions, and approaches for the identification and prevention of future such events within the wider context of the Sustainable Development Goals. Submit your paper through our respective online systems and please mention in your cover letter that your submission is in response to this call for papers. We declare no competing interests.
Clinical Characteristics and Results of Semen Tests Among Men With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Diangeng Li, Meiling Jin, Pengtao Bao, Weiguo Zhao, Shixi Zhang
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

In December 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread to other parts of China and overseas.1 It has been confirmed that COVID-19 has the characteristic of human-to-human transmission, mainly through respiratory droplets and contact. Other routes require further verification. The virus responsible for COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been detected in stool, gastrointestinal tract, saliva, and urine samples.2 However, little is known about SARS-CoV-2 in semen.