tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Latent tuberculosis infection in healthcare workers in low- and middle-income countries: an updated systematic review
Authors: Lika Apriani, Susan McAllister, Katrina Sharples, Bachti Alisjahbana, Rovina Ruslami, Philip C. Hill, Dick Menzies
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2019)

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) and TB disease.We conducted an updated systematic review of the prevalence and incidence of LTBI in HCWs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), associated factors, and infection control practices. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science (January 1, 2005-June 20, 2017) for studies published in any language. We obtained pooled estimates using random effects methods and investigated heterogeneity using meta-regression.85 studies (32 630 subjects) were included from 26 LMICs. Prevalence of a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) was 14-98% (mean 49%); prevalence of a positive interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) was 9-86% (mean 39%). Countries with TB incidence ≥300 per 100 000 had the highest prevalence (TST: pooled estimate 55%, 95% CI 41-69%; IGRA: pooled estimate 56%, 95% CI 39-73%). Annual incidence estimated from the TST was 1-38% (mean 17%); annual incidence estimated from the IGRA was 10-30% (mean 18%). The prevalence and incidence of a positive test was associated with years of work, work location, TB contact and job category. Only 15 studies reported on infection control measures in healthcare facilities, with limited implementation.HCWs in LMICs in high TB incidence settings remain at increased risk of acquiring LTBI. There is an urgent need for robust implementation of infection control measures.
A Clinical and Immunological Study of Allergy to Hen's Egg White
Authors: Tor Langeland
Journal: Allergy (1983)

Different subgroups of egg‐allergic patients were established according to differences in allergic symptoms provoked by hen's egg white, total IgE‐level, RAST (radioallergosorbent test) results to egg white, and age. In each group the pattern of specific IgE‐antibodies to individual allergens in the egg white, determined by means of crossed radioimmuno‐electrophoresis (CRIE), was compared with the pattern in a control group. The RAST value to egg white was found to exert the strongest influence on the CRIE results. A few statistically singificant differences in CRIE results to cetain allergens were also observed in other pairs of subgroups of egg‐allergic patients. Possible explanations for this are discussed. It was concluded that CRIE studies of allergens in mixed protein solutions, using a series of sera from allergic patients, will most probably give the same results and the same classification of the allergens independent of the characteristica of the patients from which the sera were collected. However, it should be emphasized that the CRIE series must include a sufficient number of patients with high RAST values to the allergen in question. Otherwise some allergens may be missed and the classification of the allergens may be different.
Cytodestructive Mechanisms Provoked by Food Antigens
Authors: W. K. Podleski
Journal: Allergy (1985)

In vitro challenge of peripheral white blood cells (WBC) from 62 food sensitive patients and 22 asymptomatic control individuals was performed using standardized extract of cow milk, corn and wheat. 81% of the patients reacted at least toward one food antigen, showing disintegration of WBC, as measured by trypan blue exclusion technique. The presented experimental condition of the direct binding between food antigen and cell wall membrane suggests that this phenomenon is multicellular in its origin. The interpretation of these studies is of distinct value in directing human food hypersensitivity research in the future.
CC16 Levels into Adult Life Are Associated with Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure at Birth
Authors: Paloma I. Beamer, Melissa Furlong, Nathan Lothrop, Stefano Guerra, Dean Billheimer, Debra A. Stern, Jing Zhai, Marilyn Halonen, Anne L. Wright, Fernando D. Martinez
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2019)

Lung function and growth are adversely associated with nitrogen dioxide (NO
Abstract 15066: Low Physical Activity and Short Sleep predict Cardiovascular Mortality in Former Male Athletes and Their Controls
Authors: Heini Wennman, Erkki Kronholm, Timo Partonen, Olli Heinonen, Heli Backmand, Jaakko Kaprio, Seppo Sarna, Urho Kujala, Katja Borodulin
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Both short and long sleep associate with mortality, and physical activity potentially influences these associations. Former athletes are often physically more active and have a healthier lifestyle also later in life than non-athletic peers. Our aim was to study the interrelationship between sleep, physical activity and mortality in a cohort of former athletes and their healthy controls. Methods: The prospective cohort consists of male athletes who competed at national team-level between 1920-1965 and their healthy controls. A baseline health questionnaire was sent to all subjects alive in 1985. The cohort was followed for mortality from national registers until December 31, 2011. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were estimated by Cox proportional hazards models with age as the time variable and age at baseline in 1985 as the entry. Sleep duration, sleep quality and physical activity level in 1985 were the main predictive variables. Results: At baseline, 2141 cohort members answered to the questionnaire, and 1388 (871 former athletes, 517 controls) provided adequate information for the analyses. Former athletes and controls differed in baseline sleep duration, sleep quality and physical activity level. However, these behaviors did not predict mortality neither in athletes or controls after adjustment for baseline socioeconomic status, BMI, smoking, alcohol use, chronotype and history of disease. A significant interaction between sleep duration and physical activity predicting all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was detected. After full adjustments, those sleeping less than 6 hours and having less than 450 MET-hours per week of physical activity had a higher risk for cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.06-3.00) than those sleeping 6.5 to 8.5 hours and having at least 450 MET-hours physical activity. Conclusions: We found a combination of short sleep and low physical activity to be predictive of cardiovascular mortality irrespective of a previous sports career. Neither sleep duration nor sleep quality alone predicted mortality in former athletes or controls, suggesting important clustering of health behaviors.
Long-term Follow-up of Antibiotics vs Surgery for Appendicitis—Reply
Authors: Paulina Salminen, Juha M. Grönroos, Saija Hurme
Journal: JAMA (2019)

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The MLL recombinome of acute leukemias in 2017
Authors: C Meyer, T Burmeister, D Gröger, G Tsaur, L Fechina, A Renneville, R Sutton, N C Venn, M Emerenciano, M S Pombo-de-Oliveira, C Barbieri Blunck, B Almeida Lopes, J Zuna, J Trka, P Ballerini, H Lapillonne, M De Braekeleer, G Cazzaniga, L Corral Abascal, V H J van der Velden, E Delabesse, T S Park, S H Oh, M L M Silva, T Lund-Aho, V Juvonen, A S Moore, O Heidenreich, J Vormoor, E Zerkalenkova, Y Olshanskaya, C Bueno, P Menendez, A Teigler-Schlegel, U zur Stadt, J Lentes, G Göhring, A Kustanovich, O Aleinikova, B W Schäfer, S Kubetzko, H O Madsen, B Gruhn, X Duarte, P Gameiro, E Lippert, A Bidet, J M Cayuela, E Clappier, C N Alonso, C M Zwaan, M M van den Heuvel-Eibrink, S Izraeli, L Trakhtenbrot, P Archer, J Hancock, A Möricke, J Alten, M Schrappe, M Stanulla, S Strehl, A Attarbaschi, M Dworzak, O A Haas, R Panzer-Grümayer, L Sedék, T Szczepański, A Caye, L Suarez, H Cavé, R Marschalek
Journal: Leukemia (2017)

Chromosomal rearrangements of the human MLL/KMT2A gene are associated with infant, pediatric, adult and therapy-induced acute leukemias. Here we present the data obtained from 2345 acute leukemia patients. Genomic breakpoints within the MLL gene and the involved translocation partner genes (TPGs) were determined and 11 novel TPGs were identified. Thus, a total of 135 different MLL rearrangements have been identified so far, of which 94 TPGs are now characterized at the molecular level. In all, 35 out of these 94 TPGs occur recurrently, but only 9 specific gene fusions account for more than 90% of all illegitimate recombinations of the MLL gene. We observed an age-dependent breakpoint shift with breakpoints localizing within MLL intron 11 associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and younger patients, while breakpoints in MLL intron 9 predominate in AML or older patients. The molecular characterization of MLL breakpoints suggests different etiologies in the different age groups and allows the correlation of functional domains of the MLL gene with clinical outcome. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the MLL recombinome in acute leukemia and demonstrates that the establishment of patient-specific chromosomal fusion sites allows the design of specific PCR primers for minimal residual disease analyses for all patients.
Improved Open-Loop Glucose Control With Basal Insulin Reduction 90 Minutes Before Aerobic Exercise in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes on Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion
Authors: Dessi P. Zaharieva, Sarah McGaugh, Rubin Pooni, Todd Vienneau, Trang Ly, Michael C. Riddell
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

OBJECTIVE To reduce exercise-associated hypoglycemia, individuals with type 1 diabetes on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion typically perform basal rate reductions (BRRs) and/or carbohydrate feeding, although the timing and amount of BRRs necessary to prevent hypoglycemia are unclear. The goal of this study was to determine if BRRs set 90 min pre-exercise better attenuate hypoglycemia versus pump suspension (PS) at exercise onset. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Seventeen individuals completed three 60-min treadmill exercise (∼50% of VO2peak) visits in a randomized crossover design. The insulin strategies included 1) PS at exercise onset, 2) 80% BRR set 90 min pre-exercise, and 3) 50% BRR set 90 min pre-exercise. RESULTS Blood glucose level at exercise onset was higher with 50% BRR (191 ± 49 mg/dL) vs. 80% BRR (164 ± 41 mg/dL; P &amp;lt; 0.001) and PS (164 ± 45 mg/dL; P &amp;lt; 0.001). By exercise end, 80% BRR showed the smallest drop (−31 ± 58 mg/dL) vs. 50% BRR (−47 ± 50 mg/dL; P = 0.04) and PS (−67 ± 41 mg/dL; P &amp;lt; 0.001). With PS, 7 out of 17 participants developed hypoglycemia versus 1 out of 17 in both BRR conditions (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Following a standardized meal postexercise, glucose rose with PS and 50% BRR (both P &amp;lt; 0.05), but failed to rise with 80% BRR (P = 0.16). Based on interstitial glucose, overnight mean percent time in range was 83%, 83%, and 78%, and time in hypoglycemia was 2%, 1%, and 5% with 80% BRR, 50% BRR, and PS, respectively (all P &amp;gt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Overall, a 50–80% BRR set 90 min pre-exercise improves glucose control and decreases hypoglycemia risk during exercise better than PS at exercise onset, while not compromising the postexercise meal glucose control.
Acadesine Elicits a Rapid Epigenetic Reprograming of Immediate Early Genes through the Protein Kinase D1 Pathway in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells Undergoing Energy/Metabolic Stress
Authors: Guangyan C Sun, Anna C Shvab, Bin C Li, Felipe C Beckedorff, Guy Jacques Leclerc, Ramin Shiekhattar, Julio C Barredo
Journal: Blood (2018)
Abstract #3933: Copy number variation in the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes and risk of breast, colorectal, and lung cancers: Results from the Shanghai Women\#8217;s Health Study
Authors: Guoliang Li, Qiuyin Cai, Yu-Tang Gao, Wanqing Wen, Xiao Ou Shu, Gong Yang, Nathaniel Rothman, Hong-Lan Li, Wong-Ho Chow, Wei Zheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

The glutathione S-transferase plays a critical role in the detoxification of electrophiles and carcinogenic compounds. Several studies have evaluated the associations of  GSTM1  and  GSTTT1  deletions with cancer risks and the results have been conflicting. Virtually all previous studies used a genotyping method that cannot distinguish a single copy deletion from two copy deletion of the  GSTM1  and  GSTTT1  genes. Using a real-time PCR-based method we evaluated copy number variations of these genes in relation to the risk of cancers of the breast, colorectum, and lung in a nested case-control study. Included in the study were 440 breast cancers, 350 colorectal cancers, 231 lung cancers, and 3,500 controls identified from the Shanghai Woman\#8217;s Health Study, a population-based, prospective cohort study conducted among Chinese women.. Approximately 58.2% and 49.7% of women were found to have no copy of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes, respectively. No woman was found to have more than 2 copies of these genes. The frequencies of 2-copy (two active alleles) of the  GSTM1  (6.3%) and  GSTT1  (9.1%) genes are low. No overall association of the  GSTM1  and  GSTT1  gene copy number variations with breast, colorectal, and lung cancer risks was observed. There is no interaction between  GSTM1  and  GSTT1  in relation to cancer risk. Additional analyzes are being performed to explore  GSTM1 / GSTT1  gene-environment interaction in relation to cancer risk.   Citation Information:  In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 3933.
Abstract 1148: A muscle specific protein “myoferlin” modulates IL-6/STAT3 signaling by chaperoning activated STAT3 to nucleus
Authors: Arti Yadav, Bhavna Kumar, Theodoros N. Teknos, Pawan Kumar
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Recently, we made a provocative and novel discovery in our laboratory that a muscle-specific protein, myoferlin, is markedly upregulated in head and neck cancer cells. Myoferlin is a member of ferlin family of membrane proteins and most of the studies related to myoferlin's biological and molecular function(s) were carried out on muscle cells, as it was assumed that myoferlin is predominantly present only in the muscle cells. Recent studies have shown that myoferlin is also expressed in endothelial and cancer cells and it modulates VEGFR-2 and EGFR stability and function. Based on these reports, we hypothesized that myoferlin might be regulating IL-6 signaling by modulating IL-6R stabilization and recycling. However, in our immunoprecipitation (IP) experiments, we did not observe myoferlin binding with IL-6R. Instead, we observed that myoferlin is bound to EHD2 protein in the resting cells and when the cells are treated with IL-6, myoferlin dissociates from EHD2 and binds to activated STAT3. Interestingly, myoferlin knock-down did not affect STAT3 phosphorylation, but completely blocked STAT3 translocation to nucleus and expression of its target proteins including Snail and Nanog. In addition, inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by phosphorylation defective STAT3 mutants or JAK inhibitor blocked STAT3 binding to myoferlin and nuclear translocation. Myoferlin knockdown significantly decreased IL-6-mediated tumor cell migration, tumorsphere formation and ALDH positive cancer stem cell population, in vitro. Furthermore, myoferlin knockdown significantly decreased IL-6-meditated tumor growth and tumor metastasis, in vivo. Based on these results, we have proposed a novel model for the role of myoferlin in chaperoning phosphorylated STAT3 to the nucleus. Citation Format: Arti Yadav, Bhavna Kumar, Theodoros N. Teknos, Pawan Kumar. A muscle specific protein “myoferlin” modulates IL-6/STAT3 signaling by chaperoning activated STAT3 to nucleus. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1148.
ECDC publishes 2015 surveillance data on antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial consumption in Europe
Authors: K Weist, L Diaz Högberg
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2016)

On the occasion of the European Antibiotic Awareness Day on 18 November 2016, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control will release 2015 data on antimicrobial resistance [1] and antimicrobial consumption [2] from 30 European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA) countries. The data are accompanied by summaries highlighting the latest trends [3,4].
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) Antagonism As a Transformative, Dual-Mechanism Novel Therapy for Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Taylor Gonzalez, Evan C Catton, Ashley E. Rosko, Yvonne Efebera, Maria Chaudhry, Francesca Cottini, Bethany L Mundy-Bosse, Tiffany Hughes, Don M. Benson
Journal: Blood (2018)
Legionnaires' disease in Europe 2003-2004
Authors: K D Ricketts, C Joseph
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2005)

Once a year, countries that collaborate in the European Surveillance Scheme for Travel Associated Legionnaires' Disease (EWGLINET) are requested to submit a dataset that provides epidemiological and microbiological information on cases of legionnaires' disease (nosocomial (hospital-acquired), community and travel related) detected in their country for that year. This paper presents the data collected for 2003 and 2004. For this period, 9166 cases were reported to the dataset by 35 countries, of which 941 cases were associated with outbreaks. Fourteen countries reported a total of 218 detected outbreaks. National infection rates varied between countries from 28.7 to less than one case per million population. This information is valuable in that it allows countries to assess the effectiveness of their national surveillance schemes in detecting cases. Over the two year period, 748 cases were reported to have died, giving a case fatality rate of 8.2%. The lack of detailed epidemiological information on deaths from legionnaires' disease is highlighted. The establishment of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control is seen as an opportunity to develop European collaborations more fully, and to increase further the protection of Europeans from outbreaks of legionnaires' disease.
Abstract 4511: An evaluation of the role of Mucin in nano drug delivery.
Authors: Musaed Allkholief, Robert Campbell
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction: Solid tumors comprise more than 85% of cancers that affect humans. The presence of the extracellular matrix, namely mucin, on the tumor cell is considered one of the barriers against effective treatment of solid tumors. In tumor cells, mucin is aberrantly overexpressed producing a mucin mesh which may impede the rate of entry of chemotherapy medications. The type O-glycosylation inhibitor, benzyl-α-GalNAc, significantly reduces mucin type O-glycosylation in mucin-producing tumor cells resulting in enhanced cytotoxic drug action. We next seek to determine the role of mucin in the delivery of nano-sized drug delivery systems. Methods: The cell lines used in our studies were derived from tumor or normal tissues representing multiple different tissue environments. A fluorescence microplate reader was used to evaluate the MUC1 expression in the cell lines by using CD227 (anti-MUC1 antibody). We investigated the cellular uptake of the fluorescently labeled polystyrene microsphere beads in Capan-1 (a human pancreatic cancer cell line). The size of these beads was determined by particle size analysis. FACS analysis was used to determine cellular uptake following inhibition of mucin type O-glycosylation and compared to control. Finally, fluorescence microscopy was used to show the effect of inhibitor on the uptake of the beads into ZR-75-1 (a human breast cancer cell line) and Capan-1 cells. Results: Different levels of mucin expression were observed among the various cell lines. By investigating the antibody association with the MUC1, Capan-1and ZR-75-1have shown the greatest cellular uptake following inhibition of glycosylation. The microspheres used in this study were 920 ±70 nm, 100 ±36 nm, and 52 ±8 nm in size. Cellular uptake studies of the microsphere beads into Capan-1 showed a significant increase in the uptake of the 920 nm beads in cells when compared to control cells. However, in case of the smaller beads, we did not observe a significant increase of the cellular uptake following inhibition of the mucin glycosylation. FACS analysis of the beads with Capan-1 cell line showed a red shift in the fluorescence peak of the 920 nm beads in cells treated with inhibitor compared to control. The smaller beads (52 nm and 100 nm), however, did not show any shift indicating that the uptake of the beads was hindered by the mucin mesh. Conclusion: Our results suggest that inhibiting the mucin type O-glycosylation alters the uptake of relatively large microsphere beads. This might be helpful in developing a better therapeutic approach to treat cancer. Citation Format: Musaed Allkholief, Robert Campbell. An evaluation of the role of Mucin in nano drug delivery. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4511. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4511
Toxicities of CD19 CAR‐T cell immunotherapy
Authors: Alexandre V. Hirayama, Cameron J. Turtle
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2019)

CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T (CAR-T) cell immunotherapy has demonstrated impressive results in B-cell malignancies, and CAR-T cell therapies targeting other antigens are in development for other cancers. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity can be life-threatening in a subset of patients. The severity of CRS and neurotoxicity can be impacted by the disease burden, lymphodepletion regimen, and CAR-T cell dose. Tocilizumab and corticosteroids have been used to manage these toxicities, enabling CD19 CAR-T cells to be administered without obvious compromise in efficacy. Consensus criteria for grading and managing toxicities will facilitate the widespread application of this treatment modality.
Residual Wild-Type Tet2/Tet3 Allele Is the Savior Preventing Mouse Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells from Leukemia Development
Authors: Raksha Shrestha, Maie Koichiro, Mamiko Sakata-Yanagimoto, Olivier Bernard, Hirotaka Matsui, Yaeko Nakajima-Takagi, Takayasu Kato, Haruhiko Koseki, Atsushi Iwama, Shigeru Chiba
Journal: Blood (2018)