tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Associations of Harsh Physical Punishment and Child Maltreatment in Childhood With Antisocial Behaviors in Adulthood
Authors: Tracie O. Afifi, Janique Fortier, Jitender Sareen, Tamara Taillieu
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

<h3>Importance</h3> Inquiry into what childhood experiences are associated with antisocial behaviors in adulthood is necessary for prioritizing and informing efforts for effective prevention. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine whether harsh physical punishment in the absence of child maltreatment and child maltreatment with and without harsh physical punishment are associated with antisocial behaviors in adulthood. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Cross-sectional study using data on the general US population obtained from the National Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Wave 3 from April 2012 to June 2013. Participants were civilian, noninstitutionalized adults 18 years and older. This study used a multistage probability sampling design (response rate, 60.1%). Data were analyzed from January 25 to November 27, 2018. <h3>Exposures</h3> Harsh physical punishment included pushing, grabbing, shoving, slapping, and hitting. Child maltreatment included physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, emotional neglect, and exposure to intimate partner violence. <h3>Main Outcomes or Measures</h3> Lifetime antisocial personality disorder behaviors since age 15 years were assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-5 based on<i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition)</i>criteria. <h3>Results</h3> The number of study participants was 36 309, with 15 862 men (weighted percentage, 48.1%) and 20 447 women (weighted percentage, 51.9%); mean (SE) age was 46.54 (0.19) years. The prevalence of harsh physical punishment and child maltreatment was 18.1% and 46.7%, respectively. Harsh physical punishment only (adjusted β, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.50-0.75), child maltreatment only (adjusted β, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.60-0.69), and harsh physical punishment and child maltreatment (adjusted β, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.38-1.54) were associated with adult antisocial behaviors. It is estimated that harsh physical punishment and/or child maltreatment might account for approximately 45.5% of antisocial behaviors among men in the United States and 47.3% antisocial behaviors among women in the United States. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Harsh physical punishment and child maltreatment appear to be associated with adult antisocial behaviors. Preventing harsh physical punishment and child maltreatment in childhood may reduce antisocial behaviors among adults in the United States.
Which criteria are used to clear patients to return to sport after primary ACL reconstruction? A scoping review
Authors: Ciara R Burgi, Scott Peters, Clare L Ardern, John R Magill, Christina D Gomez, Jonathan Sylvain, Michael P Reiman
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2019)

To describe the criteria used to clear athletes to return to sport (RTS) following primary ACL reconstruction.Scoping review.MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus electronic databases were searched using keywords related to ACL and RTS.Prospective or retrospective studies reporting at least one RTS criterion for athletes who had primary ACL reconstruction with an autograft.In total, 209 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. RTS criteria were categorised into six domains: time, strength, hop testing, clinical examination, patient-report and performance-based criteria. From the 209 included studies, time was used in 178 studies (85%), and in 88 studies (42%) was the sole RTS criterion. Strength tests were reported in 86 studies (41%). Sixteen different hop tests were used in 31 studies (15%). Clinical examination was used in 54 studies (26%), patient report in 26 studies (12%) and performance-based criteria in 41 studies (20%).Time and impairment-based measures dominated RTS criteria, despite sport being a complex physical and biopsychosocial activity with demands across all aspects of function. Time was included as a criterion in 85% of studies, and over 80% of studies allowed RTS before 9 months. Whether RTS tests are valid-do they predict successful RTS?-is largely unknown.
Cost-effectiveness and budget effect of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 prevention in Germany from 2018 to 2058
Authors: David A M C van de Vijver, Ann-Kathrin Richter, Charles A B Boucher, Barbara Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, Christian Kollan, Brooke E Nichols, Christoph D Spinner, Jürgen Wasem, Knud Schewe, Anja Neumann
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2019)

BackgroundPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective HIV prevention strategy for men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM). The high cost of PrEP has until recently been a primary barrier to its use. In 2017, generic PrEP became available, reducing the costs by 90%.AimOur objective was to assess cost-effectiveness and costs of introducing PrEP in Germany.MethodsWe calibrated a deterministic mathematical model to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic among MSM in Germany. PrEP was targeted to 30% of high-risk MSM. It was assumed that PrEP reduces the risk of HIV infection by 85%. Costs were calculated from a healthcare payer perspective using a 40-year time horizon starting in 2018.ResultsPrEP can avert 21,000 infections (interquartile range (IQR): 16,000-27,000) in the short run (after 2 years scale-up and 10 years full implementation). HIV care is predicted to cost EUR 36.2 billion (IQR: 32.4-40.4 billion) over the coming 40 years. PrEP can increase costs by at most EUR 150 million within the first decade after introduction. Ten years after introduction, PrEP can become cost-saving, accumulating to savings of HIV-related costs of EUR 5.1 billion (IQR: 3.5-6.9 billion) after 40 years. In a sensitivity analysis, PrEP remained cost-saving even at a 70% price reduction of antiretroviral drug treatment and a lower effectiveness of PrEP.ConclusionIntroduction of PrEP in Germany is predicted to result in substantial health benefits because of reductions in HIV infections. Short-term financial investments in providing PrEP will result in substantial cost-savings in the long term.
Anal melanoma: A comparative comprehensive genomic profiling study.
Authors: Jeffrey S. Ross, Laurie M. Gay, Julia Andrea Elvin, Jo-Anne Vergilio, Jonathan Keith Killian, Nhu Ngo, Shakti Ramkissoon, Eric Allan Severson, Amanda Hemmerich, Daniel Duncan, Siraj Mahamed Ali, Jon Chung, Prasanth Reddy, Vincent A. Miller, Russell Madison, Alexa Betzig Schrock, Robert John Corona
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

551 Background: Anal melanomas (AM) share histologic features with cutaneous melanomas (CM), are highly aggressive and behave in a distinct clinicopathologic pattern. We performed comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) of AM to learn of potential matched targeted and immunotherapies that may improve clinical outcomes for the disease. Methods: FFPE tissues from late stage AM (81 cases) and CM (1804 cases) underwent hybrid-capture based CGP to evaluate all classes of genomic alterations (GA). Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was determined on up to 1.1 Mbp of sequenced DNA and microsatellite instability (MSI) was determined on 114 loci. Results: AM and CM had a similar age, but AM females and CM males were significantly more common (P &lt; 0.0001) (Table). Given the UV light exposure in the CM, the GA/tumor was significantly higher than AM as were the median TMB and frequency of TMB ≥ 10 and 20 mutations/Mb (P &lt; 0.0001 for all comparisons). All AM and CM were MS-stable. The contrast in S FB1 mutations in AM and TERT GA in CM were significant (P &lt; 0.0001). AM featured significantly more KIT GA than CM (P &lt; 0.0001), whereas CM featured significantly more BRAF GA (P &lt; 0.0001). Only 11% of AM BRAF GA were V600E whereas 74% of CM BRAF GA were V600E (P &lt; 0.0001). MTOR pathway targets including NF1 and PTEN were commonly altered in both tumor types. Potentially targetable PDGFRA and ERBB2 GA were found in AM but not in CM. Conclusions: UV light exposure drives high GA/tumor and TMB in CM, both associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICPI) responsiveness, whereas AM lacks the high TMB and therefore is far less likely to benefit from ICPI treatments. CM is classically associated with opportunities for anti-BRAF therapies and AM with an array of kinase targets including KIT, BRAF, PDGFRA and ERBB2. Finally, MTOR pathway targets are common to both tumor types. [Table: see text]
Relationship Between Focal and Diffuse Fibrosis Assessed by CMR and Clinical Outcomes in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Prathap Kanagala, Adrian S.H. Cheng, Anvesha Singh, Jamal N. Khan, Gaurav S. Gulsin, Prashanth Patel, Pankaj Gupta, Jayanth R. Arnold, Iain B. Squire, Leong L. Ng, Gerry P. McCann
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2019)
Imaging Needle to Detect Blood Vessels During Brain Tumor Biopsy
Authors: Jennifer Abbasi
Journal: JAMA (2019)

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Abstract 15228: Incidentally Identified Variants in Genes Associated With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Are Rarely Associated With Pathologic Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: Edward G Jones, Hari Tunuguntla, Jill A Rosenfeld, Yaping Yang, Hugh D Allen, Daniel J Penny, Jeffrey J Kim, Andrew P Landstrom
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: As whole exome sequencing (WES) is increasingly utilized in diagnostic testing, clinicians and scientists must determine the diagnostic relevance of incidentally identified genetic va...
Interim Analysis of Safety Outcomes during Treatment with Eculizumab: Results from the International Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Registry
Authors: Anita Hill, Alexander Roeth, Gérard Socié, Marie-Pierre Caby-Tosi, Amanda Wilson, Philippe Gustovic, Camille L. Bedrosian, Robert A. Brodsky
Journal: Blood (2017)
THE INTRIGUING ALLERGY TO LTP:GUILTY FOODS AFTER A SURVEY.
Authors: Victoria Villalobos Violan, Manuel De Las Heras, Marcela Valverde-Monge, Diana Betancor, Blanca Barroso García, Rosialzira Natasha Vera, Javier Cuesta Herranz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)
Gummatous Syphilis Mimicking Malignant Bone Tumor on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Li-juan Wang, Hu-bing Wu, Wen-lan Zhou, Si-rui Yu, Quan-shi Wang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

A 47-year-old woman suffered worsening pain in the waist and numbness in the right thigh for 1 month. MRI was performed to determine the cause, which detected an osteolytic lesion in the T12 vertebral body, suggestive of possible bone metastasis. FDG PET/CT scan was undertaken to detect the primary tumor, which only showed the same isolated lesion in the T12 without any other abnormal hypermetabolic lesion. The pathology following vertebrectomy revealed granulomatous infection. The diagnosis of osseous syphilis was eventually made following a subsequent positive Treponema pallidum serological test.
Predictive role of temporal changes in intratumoral metabolic heterogeneity during palliative chemotherapy in advanced pancreatic cancer patients: A prospective cohort study.
Authors: Shin Hye Yoo, Seo Young Kang, Gi Jeong Cheon, Do-Youn Oh, Yung-Jue Bang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

311 Background: Metabolic intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) is known to be related with cancer treatment outcome. However, information on the temporal changes in metabolic ITH during chemotherapy and the correlations between metabolic changes and treatment outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) is sparse. We aimed to analyze the temporal changes in metabolic ITH and the predictive role of its changes in advanced PC patients who underwent palliative chemotherapy. Methods: We prospectively enrolled unresectable locally advanced or metastatic PC patients before initiation of first-line palliative chemotherapy. 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography was performed at baseline (T1) and at the first response follow-up (T2). Standardized uptake values (SUVs), volumetric parameters, and textural features of the primary pancreatic tumor were analyzed. Relationships between the parameters at T1, T2, and changes in the parameters with response to therapy, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were assessed. Results: Among 63 enrolled patients, the best objective response rate was 25.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.6% to 37.0%). Sixteen (25.8%) patients who obtained partial response were classified as responders and 46 (74.2%) as nonresponders. The median PFS and OS were 7.1 months (95% CI, 5.1 to 9.7 months) and 10.1 months (95% CI, 8.6 to 12.7 months), respectively. Most of the parameters changed significantly during the first-line chemotherapy, in a way of reducing ITH. Metabolic ITH was more profoundly reduced in responders than in nonresponders. Multiple Cox regression analysis identified high baseline compacity ( P = 0.023) and smaller decreases in SUV peak ( P = 0.007) and entropy GLCM ( P = 0.033) to be independently associated with poor PFS. Patients with a high CA 19-9 ( P = 0.042), high pretreatment SUV peak ( P = 0.008), and high coefficient of variance at T2 ( P = 0.04) showed worse OS. Conclusions: Reduction in metabolic ITH during palliative chemotherapy in advanced PC patients is associated with response to therapy and might be predictive of PFS and OS.
Nasal Eosinophil Count and Percentage in Children with Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Kyouhyun Yoon, Kyunghoon Kim, Hye Jin Lee, Eun Ae Yang, Hwan Soo Kim, Yoon Hong Chun, Jong-seo Yoon, Jin-Tack Kim, Hyun Hee Kim
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)

The total count and percentage of eosinophils in a nasal smear sample are useful for diagnosing allergic rhinitis. Although some studies have evaluated the presence of nasal eosinophilia for diagnosing allergic rhinitis, the use of this criterion is not sufficiently investigated. In addition, no study has determined the correlation between eosinophil count and percentage in sample nasal smears. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between nasal eosinophil count and percent in patients with rhinitis. This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with a clinical history of rhinitis, under 19 years of age, examined at an outpatient clinic of a tertiary referral hospital in Korea, between January and August 2017. Nasal smears of patients were obtained by swabbing the nasal inferior turbinate 3–4 times with a cotton swab. The sample was then placed on a glass slide and stained with Giemsa stain. All specimens were examined by the same pathologist, who was blinded to the clinical history of each patient. A total of 106 pediatric patients underwent nasal smear examinations. There was a positive correlation between the nasal eosinophil count and percentage in patients with rhinitis. Y = 0.768 × X + 0.280 (Y = eosinophil count; X = eosinophil percent). The cut-off value was based on the nasal eosinophil count (10 cells/high-powered field) or a nasal eosinophil percent >10% in the patients with allergic rhinitis. The nasal eosinophil count and percent can be useful tools for the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in pediatric patients.
Abstract 18634: Favorable Cardiovascular Health and the Compression of Morbidity: Findings From the Chicago Heart Detection Project in Industry Study
Authors: Norrina B Allen, Lihui Zhao, Lei Liu, Martha Daviglus, Kiang Liu, Jim Fries, Tina Shih, Dan Garside, Donald Lloyd-Jones
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: We sought to determine the association of CV health at younger ages with the proportion of life lived free of morbidity, the cumulative burden of morbidity, and average healthcare costs at older ages. Methods: The Chicago Heart Association (CHA) study is a longitudinal cohort of employed men and women aged 18-59 years at baseline exam in 1967-1973. Baseline risk factor levels included blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes, BMI and smoking. Individuals were classified into one of four strata: favorable levels of all factors, 0 factors high but 1+ elevated, 1 high, and ≥2 high risk factors. Linked CMS/NDI data from 1984-2010 were used to determine morbidity in older age providing up to 40 years of follow-up. We included participants who were age 65+ between 1984 and 2010 and enrolled in Medicare FFS. All-cause morbidity was defined using the Gagne score. A CV morbidity score was defined as the sum of 4 CVDs including CHD (includes MI), PVD, cerebrovascular disease and CHF. Results: We included 25,390 participants (43% female, 90% White, mean age 44 at baseline); 6% had favorable levels, 19% had 1+ risk factors at elevated levels, 40% had 1 high risk factor and 35% had 2+ high risk factors. As compared to those with 2+ high risk factors, favorable CV health had lower levels of all-cause and CV morbidity from age 65-90 years, and a lower cumulative morbidity burden (p&lt;0.001) translating to lower average annual healthcare costs ($15,905 vs $20,791 per year, p&lt;0.001). Favorable CV health postponed the onset of all-cause morbidity by 4.5 years, the onset of CV morbidity by almost 7 years and extended life by almost 4 years resulting in a compression of morbidity on both the absolute and relative scale (see figure). Conclusion: Individuals in favorable CV health live a longer, healthier life and a greater proportion of life free of morbidity. These findings provide support for prevention efforts aimed at preserving cardiovascular health and reducing the burden of disease in older ages.
A multicenter study of trimodality therapy for patients 75 years and older with esophageal cancer.
Authors: Niamh Anna McDonnell, Scott Lester, Michael G. Haddock, Thorvardur Ragnar Halfdanarson, Amit Mahipal, Grant M. Spears, Zhongxing X. Liao, Shanda H Blackmon, Christopher Leigh Hallemeier, Steven H. Lin, Kenneth Merrell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

131 Background: Trimodality therapy is the standard of care for patients with resectable cancer of the esophagus. However, patients ≥75 years have been underrepresented or excluded from landmark clinical trials to date. We investigated the feasibility and safety of treatment of esophageal cancer with trimodality therapy in patients’ ≥ 75 years. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all patients ≥75 years who received trimodality therapy for esophageal cancer in 3 high volume tertiary cancer institutions from June 2007 to June 2013. All patients received neoadjuvant radiation with concomitant chemotherapy followed by esophagectomy. Toxicities and clinical outcomes were abstracted from the electronic medical record and partially from a prospectively maintained database. Overall and disease-free survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Five hundred seventy patients were treated with trimodality therapy for esophageal cancer from 2007-2013. Of these, 38 patients (7%) were 75 or older at the time of diagnosis. At diagnosis, comorbidities included coronary artery disease (32%), atrial fibrillation (11%) and COPD (13%). The majority of patients (87%) received 50.4Gy/28 fractions. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/cisplatin was the most common chemotherapy regimen (37%), followed by 5-FU/docetaxel (24%). A total of 13 patients (34%) developed acute grade ≥3 toxicity associated with neoadjuvant therapy. The most common acute grade 3 toxicities were haematological (10%), nausea (8%), esophagitis (5%) and fatigue (5%). Significant postoperative complications included respiratory (empyema, ARDS, pleural effusion) (39%), arrhythmia (32%), anastomotic leak (5%), and ileus (5%). There were 2 deaths (5%) within 90 days of surgery: one was secondary to empyema, the other developed DIC and sepsis. Median overall survival and disease free survival were 4.4 and 2.3 years respectively. Conclusions: Trimodality treatment is a reasonable approach for management of carefully selected elderly patients with esophageal cancer, with similar rates of cancer outcomes, and treatment related morbidity and mortality as compared to younger patients.
Dynamic Comparison of Current Ballistocardiographic Methods
Authors: SAMUEL A. TALBOT, W. KIRBY HARRISON
Journal: Circulation (1955)

This paper will be presented in three parts, appearing in successive issues of Circulation. In Part I certain force artefacts arising from the method of supporting the body, are compared with the "true" cardiovascular forces. This is done for the methods of Burger, v. Wittern, Dock-Taubman, Smith and Walker. These are approximately single-mass systems in which platform effects prove negligible or absent; so that at the lower ballistocardiographic frequencies, the internal driving forces on the body are opposed by relatively simple constraints. At this stage also, we will examine the complementary meanings of displacement, velocity and acceleration records. The same record (e.g. "body displacement") can have various physical meanings, depending on what aspect of cardiovascular dynamics the reader wishes to refer to. If, however, resonance occurs in the spectrum (direct-body methods), it is shown why no clear physical meaning applies to any of the records: displacement, velocity, or acceleration. In Part II we show experimentally that a similar analysis in terms of two masses applies fairly well to the bed methods. This analysis shows how the platforms of Starr, Nickerson, Burger and v. Wittern affect the errors over a wider BCG frequency band. Principles and methods for minimizing these errors will be examined. In Part III we examine the validity of the standard assumptions of ballistocardiography, employed in Parts I and II. Using ballistocardiographic records taken with and without beds, and subtracting the effects of the supports under the usual assumption, we show that mechanical errors still remain. Constraints to ground as stiff as the direct-body and Starr supports seem to excite more errors of body complexity than do the softer supports of Nickerson and Burger or v. Wittern, beyond the obvious distortions from resonance. Conclusions are drawn about the direction of progress toward more informative and reliable BCG records.
High Rate of Complete Response (CR) with Undetectable Bone Marrow Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) after Chemo-Sparing and MRD-Driven Strategy for Untreated Fit CLL Patients: Final Results of the Icll 07 Filo Trial
Authors: Anne-Sophie Michallet, Marie-Sarah Dilhuydy, Fabien Subtil, Valérie Rouille, Beatrice Mahe, Kamel Laribi, Bruno Villemagne, Gilles Andre Salles, Olivier Tournilhac, Alain Jacques Delmer, Christelle Portois, Brigitte Pegourie, Véronique Leblond, Cecile Tomowiak, Sophie de Guibert, Frederique Orsini, Anne Banos, Philippe Carassou, Guillaume Cartron, Luc Mathieu Fornecker, Loic Ysebaert, Caroline Dartigeas, Margot Truchan, Thérèse Aurran, Florence Cymbalista, Stéphane Leprêtre, Vincent Levy, Florence Nguyen-Khac, Magali Le Garff-Tavernier, Carmen Aanaei, Michel Ticchioni, Remi Letestu, Pierre Feugier
Journal: Blood (2018)