tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pattern of use of complementary alternative medicine (CAM) among cancer patients in Saudi Arabia.
Authors: Abdelmuniem Al-Dalee, Ali Husain Aljubran
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e19525 Background: Use of complementary alternative medicine CAM is prevalent among cancer patients in Saudi Arabia. However, there is yet no clear knowledge about the pattern and magnitude of use of CAM. This study explored that area. Methods: The subjects were adult cancer patients who attended the outpatient clinics at King Faisal cancer center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. They completed a validated questionnaire of six sections. In this abstract, we only present the data of the fourth section which enquires about the pattern of CAM use. Ingestion or topical application of therapeutic materials as well as recitation of prayers or attending spiritual sessions are all considered CAM. Results: 234 patients participated. Age range: 15-86, median: 40.5 y. Males were 61.5%. 12.4% lived in suburban areas. 41.5% had higher than high school education, and 76% had annual income less than $32,000. 53% of the studied population used CAM before starting conventional therapy, and 47% of them were actually on CAM while on conventional therapy. Honey, whether mixed with herbs or not, was the most commonly used (84% before and 86% after starting conventional therapy). 92% used the holly Quran recitation or Ruqia (Recitation of special prayers). 53 % went at least once to attend a session with a sheikh (spiritual/ religious healer), and 9% of the responding participants attended sessions to undo magic or expel jinn (possessing demon spirit). 92% of CAM users believed that conventional therapy is effective but wanted to try other possible options. Conclusions: Use of CAM is prevalent among cancer patients before starting and while on conventional therapy. Because of the religious nature of the society, attending spiritual healing sessions is very common. Since this study was done among patients who already had chosen to be treated by conventional therapy, the results may under estimate the prevalence of CAM use. A similar study in the community is recommended to include patients who do not seek conventional treatments.
Knock-in of murine Calr del52 induces essential thrombocythemia with slow-rising dominance in mice and reveals key role of Calr exon 9 in cardiac development
Authors: Thomas Balligand, Younes Achouri, Christian Pecquet, Gilles Gaudray, Didier Colau, Eva Hug, Yacine Rahmani, Vincent Stroobant, Isabelle Plo, William Vainchenker, Robert Kralovics, Benoît J. Van den Eynde, Jean-Philippe Defour, Stefan N. Constantinescu
Journal: Leukemia (2019)
Photodynamic therapy with temoporfin in combination with gemcitabine/capecitabine in biliary tract cancer: Feasibility and safety in a randomized phase II trial.
Authors: Truls Hauge, Trond Warloe, Petra Weber Hauge, Isabel Franco-Lie, Anders Drolsum, Cathrine Johansen, Ellen Viktil, Lars Aabakken, Trond Buanes, Zbigniew Konopski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e14637 Background: Patients whocannot be offered curative surgical treatment for biliary tract cancer (BTC) have a poor prognosis. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been shown to improve survival and quality of life in patients with unresectable BTC. A combination of treatment modalities might improve survival further, but such data are still lacking. Therefore we have performed the first randomized trial on the combination of temoporfin/PDT and chemotherapy. Here we report data on the feasibility and safety. Methods: Randomized phase II trial, planned to include 20 patients with time to progression as primary endpoint, feasibility and toxicity as secondary endpoints. Inclusion criteria were unresectable BTC confirmed by histology or cytology, need for biliary stent, bilirubin level &lt; 50 mmol/L and no previous cancer disease. The treatment arms were: A: Stent, temoporfin / PDT followed by gemcitabin / capecitabin (GemCap). B: Stent, GemCap. Only one initial PDT treatment was given. Results: Twenty patients with locally advanced and metastatic disease were included, 10 patients in each arm. Two patients in arm B did not receive any treatment (thrombocytopenia, study withdrawal) and two patients in arm A did not receive chemotherapy (ECOG&gt;2, infection). PDT was feasible in all 10 patients without any acute procedure-related complication. During the first 30 days, two cases of cholangitis in arm A and three in arm B were observed. Cutaneous erythema (grade 1-2) was observed after PDT in two patients. Conclusions: PDT using temoporfin in combination with chemotherapy in BTC was feasible. Restrictions to light exposure were well tolerated. PDT in combination with chemotherapy did not increase the complication rate during the first 30 days follow-up. Three months follow-up data will be available at the time for presentation. Larger prospective trials are warranted to assess the efficacy of this treatment combination.
Treatment patterns and cost for colorectal cancer by line of therapy and metastasis status.
Authors: Brian S. Seal, Charles Kreilick, Susan H. Boklage, Kenneth M. Shermock, Carl V Asche
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e14658 Background: Patterns and cost of care are thought to vary substantially as patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) progress from first to third line therapy and in the presence of metastatic disease. Our aim was to compare patterns and cost of care in these patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using claims from the Optum Oncology Research Database. Patients 18 years and older, diagnosed with CRC and received chemotherapy or biologic therapy between Jul 1, 2004 and Dec 31, 2010, who were insured by a commercial health plan were included. Chemotherapy combinations were assessed in patients receiving first, second and third line of therapy for CRC; and for patients with/without metastatic disease. Inpatient, outpatient, chemotherapy, biologic-related, and total median annual costs were compared by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: 1039 patients were included. FOLFOX and fluorouracil monotherapy were the most common first-line therapies, each accounting for approximately 27% of patients who received any chemotherapy. Oxaliplatin-based regimens were the most common second-line therapy (45% of patients). Irinotecan-based regimens were the most common third line therapy (35% of patients). Biologic therapy was much more common in patients with metastases (39% vs. 5%; p&lt;0.0001) and in patients receiving third line therapy (65% vs. 8%, p&lt;0.0001). The total cost of care increased significantly for patients receiving first ($25,782), second ($36,951), and third ($86,944) line therapy (p&lt;0.0001 for all pairwise comparisons). Costs were significantly greater (p&lt;0.0001) for patients receiving third versus first line therapy for outpatient care ($39,952 vs. $15,521), inpatient care ($3,668 vs. $1,721), chemotherapy ($14,059 vs. $3,662) and biologic therapy ($28,824 vs. $4,899). Total costs were significantly greater for patients with metastases ($39,001) compared with those without ($8,989; p&lt;0.0001). Conclusions: Treatment patterns vary significantly by line of therapy in patients with CRC. The total cost of care increased significantly as patients received additional lines of therapy and for patients with metastases. Biologics appear to be the most significant driver of these increased costs.
GLUT1-dependent glycolysis regulates exacerbation of fibrosis via AIM2 inflammasome activation
Authors: Soo Jung Cho, Jong-Seok Moon, Kiichi Nikahira, Ha Seon Yun, Rebecca Harris, Kyung Sook Hong, Huarong Huang, Augustine M K Choi, Heather Stout-Delgado
Journal: Thorax (2019)

Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rapidly progressive, fatal lung disease that affects older adults. One of the detrimental natural histories of IPF is acute exacerbation of IPF (AE-IPF), of which bacterial infection is reported to play an important role. However, the mechanism by which bacterial infection modulates the fibrotic response remains unclear. Objectives Altered glucose metabolism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrotic lung diseases. We have previously demonstrated that glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1)-dependent glycolysis regulates fibrogenesis in a murine fibrosis model. To expand on these findings, we hypothesised that GLUT1-dependent glycolysis regulates acute exacerbation of lung fibrogenesis during bacterial infection via AIM2 inflammasome activation. Results In our current study, using a murine model of Streptococcus pneumoniae ( S. pneumoniae ) infection, we investigated the potential role of GLUT1 on mediating fibrotic responses to an acute exacerbation during bleomycin-induced fibrosis. The results of our current study illustrate that GLUT1 deficiency ameliorates S. pneumoniae -mediated exacerbation of lung fibrosis (wild type (WT)/phosphate buffered saline (PBS), n=3; WT/ S. pneumoniae , n=3; WT/Bleomycin, n=5 ; WT/Bleomycin+ S. pneumoniae , n=7; LysM-Cre-Glut1 fl/f /PBS, n=3; LysM-Cre-Glut1 fl/fl / S. pneumoniae , n=3; LysM-Cre-Glut1 fl/fl /Bleomycin, n=6; LysM-Cre-Glut1 fl/fl /Bleomycin+ S. pneumoniae , n=9, p=0.041). Further, the AIM2 inflammasome, a multiprotein complex essential for sensing cytosolic bacterial DNA as a danger signal, is an important regulator of this GLUT1-mediated fibrosis and genetic deficiency of AIM2 reduced bleomycin-induced fibrosis after S. pneumoniae infection (WT/PBS, n=6; WT/Bleomycin+ S. pneumoniae , n=15; Aim2 −/− /PBS, n=6, Aim2 −/− /Bleomycin+ S. pneumoniae , n=11, p=0.034). GLUT1 deficiency reduced expression and function of the AIM2 inflammasome, and AIM2-deficient mice showed substantial reduction of lung fibrosis after S. pneumoniae infection. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that GLUT1-dependent glycolysis promotes exacerbation of lung fibrogenesis during S. pneumoniae infection via AIM2 inflammasome activation.
Disparities between young and elderly patients in the first course of treatment for stage II and III rectal cancers.
Authors: Yaphet Tilahun, Juan Pablo Arnoletti, Sebastian G. De La Fuente
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e14546 Background: The use of neoadjuvant chemoradiation for stage II and III rectal cancers is associated with higher rates of resectability, sphincter preservation and improved local control. In elderly patients, however, the feasibility and benefits of this approach are less understood. In this study, we determined disparities in the first course of therapy between young and elderly patients with rectal cancer using the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB). Methods: The NCDB was queried for cases of rectal cancer diagnosed from 2000-2009. Analyzed variables included tumor staging, age group and first course of treatment. For analytical purposes, study groups were divided in young (≤ 69 years of age) or elderly patients (≥ 70 years of age). Results: A total of 8,237 patients that received chemoradiation as the first treatment approach were identified from the NCDB during the study period. During the same time, 15,468 patients were treated with surgery first. Fifty-eight percent of patients in the neoadjuvant-first treatment group were equal or younger than 69 years of age. Subgroup analysis showed that elderly patients were treated with surgery first more frequently than with neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (surgery-first 72% vs. chemoradiation first 28%, p&lt;0.04). In the contrary, no differences were noted in the first course of treatment received among younger patients (surgery-first 53% vs. chemoradiation first 47%, p=NS). Conclusions: This data shows that there is an age-bias after the age of 70 for surgery only as the first treatment approach for patients with stage II and III rectal cancers. This is probably confirmatory that patients are brought to surgery without neoadjuvant therapy because they are perceived as not being able to tolerate chemoradiation.
Sixty seconds on . . . defibrillators
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Because about 30 000 people have a cardiac arrest outside hospital each year in the UK. Yet a survey by a defibrillator manufacturer, CE Safety, shows that there’s wide variation in the number of publicly accessible units per head of population depending on where you live.1

Although London has the most units—5304 in total—that’s only 61 per 100 000 people. Swansea, on the …
Retrospective analysis of adjuvant treatment for localized, operable uterine leiomyosarcoma.
Authors: Jomjit Chantharasamee, Karlton Wong, Pasathorn Potivongsajarn, Amir Aqorbani, Bartosz Chmielowski, Joshua Garrett Cohen, Scott D. Nelson, Neda A. Moatamed, Sandra Brackert, Anusha Kalbasi, Jianyu Rao, Arun S. Singh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

11072 Background: Surgery is the standard of care for uterine leiomyosarcoma, but recurrence rates are high and outcomes are poor. Standard adjuvant treatment of localized uterine leiomyosarcoma(uLMS) has not yet been established as clinical trials to address this question have been small or hindered by slow accrual. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients with uLMS who underwent upfront surgery between 2000-2018. We evaluated the clinical characteristics and adjuvant therapy on outcomes. Patient characteristics and treatment outcomes were described using descriptive statistics. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used for DFS. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to compare difference between groups. Results: 59 patients with a median age of 52 years were analyzed and the median time from surgery to adjuvant treatment was 47 days. 48/59 (81.4%) underwent TAH-BSO. 64.4% were FIGO stage I, 16.9% were stage II and 6.7% were stage III. The median tumor size was 11 cm (range: 3-21cm) and the median mitotic rate was 13 mitoses/ 10 high-power fields (HPF), (range: 1-63). 34/59 (57.6%) of patients received adjuvant chemotherapy +/- radiation therapy and 25 patients (42.3%) did not receive adjuvant treatment. With a median follow-up time of 42.8 months, 42 patients (71.2%) had disease relapse and 15 (35.7%) had pulmonary metastases. The median disease-free survival (mDFS) for all patients was 23.1 months. Any adjuvant treatment (chemotherapy or radiation) had a trend toward longer mDFS than no adjuvant treatment (36.6 vs 13.6 months, p = 0.14). Patients who had adjuvant chemotherapy had a non-significant longer mDFS compared to who did not receive any adjuvant treatment (33.8 vs 13.6 months, p = 0.18). Patients with stage I disease had trend towards higher mDFS in the chemotherapy group, it was not statistically significant (29.7 vs 16.6 months, p = 0.59). Multivariate analysis found that the independent prognostic factors for worse DFS included tumor size larger than 10 cm, and mitotic rate over 10/ 10HPF. More morcellated specimens were found in non-adjuvant treatment arm (36%) compare to 8% in adjuvant arm. In the non-treatment arm, 14 patients had recurrences within 6 months. Conclusions: In a retrospective uLMS population, the mDFS was 23.1 months. Tumor size &gt; 10cm and mitotic rate &gt; 10/10 HPF were independent prognostic factors for lower DFS. The non-treatment group had a significantly higher number of patient with morcellization and relapsed within 6 months, confounding analyses of the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy.
Comparative genomic analyses of Chinese serogroup W ST-11 complex Neisseria meningitidis isolates
Authors: Bingqing Zhu, Jay Lucidarme, Xilian Bai, Pengbo Guo, Aiyu Zhang, Ray Borrow, Wanying Gao, Li Xu, Yuan Gao, Zhujun Shao
Journal: Journal of Infection (2019)
Patient level factors associated with chronic opioid use in cancer patients.
Authors: Colleen Ann Cuthbert, Yuan Xu, Devon J. Boyne, Shiying Kong, Brenda R. Hemmelgarn, Winson Y. Cheung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

11580 Background: Opioid prescribing in oncology is increasingly scrutinized given public health concerns about chronic opioid use, misuse, and harms. We aimed to evaluate patient reported pain scores, mental health indicators, prior opioid use, and number of opioid prescribers as potential risk factors for chronic opioid use in a large Canadian province. Methods: This was a population-based cohort study using administrative health data of patients in Alberta, Canada, diagnosed between Jan 2016 and Jan 2017, and completed a prospective comprehensive symptom survey within +/- 60 days of diagnosis. Patients were divided into two groups: chronic opioid use (COU) (defined as continuous prescriptions for opioids for at least 90 days post diagnosis) and non-chronic opioid use (NCOU). Logistic regression models were used to evaluate factors associated with COU. Results: We included 694 patients. Most had breast (20%), colorectal (13%), and lung (33%) cancers. There were no differences in mean age (65 years) or gender (50% female) between the groups. In total, 32% had moderate to high pain scores at diagnosis. Of the 14% with COU, 79% were opioid naïve at diagnosis. Those in the COU group were more often diagnosed with advanced stage of disease (66% vs 40%), had lung cancer (47%), and were opioid tolerant at diagnosis (defined as &gt; 90 days of continuous opioids within 1 year prior to their diagnosis) (21% vs 3%). In comparison, 64% of COU versus 27% of NCOU had moderate to severe pain scores at diagnosis (p &lt; 0.001). COU had significantly higher anxiety and depression scores at diagnosis versus NCOU (p = 0.004). Among patients with COU, morphine equivalent daily doses increased from 27.3 (pre-diagnosis) to 65.1 (post-diagnosis). Irrespective of treatment type or stage, those who had moderate to high pain scores, were opioid tolerant at diagnosis, or had multiple prescribers were at greater risk for COU (see Table). Conclusions: Specific patient groups were at increased risk of COU and should be the focus of adaptive prescribing approaches to ensure that opioid use is appropriate. [Table: see text]
Long-Term Outcomes of De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Patients (pts) with Life Threating Complications
Authors: Aleksei Bazhenov, Elena N. Parovichnikova, Gennadiy M. Galstyan, Vera V. Troitskaya, Elena O. Gribanova, Valery G. Savchenko
Journal: Blood (2018)
Safety and pharmacokinetics of broadly neutralising human monoclonal antibody VRC07-523LS in healthy adults: a phase 1 dose-escalation clinical trial
Authors: Martin R Gaudinski, Katherine V Houser, Nicole A Doria-Rose, Grace L Chen, Ro Shauna S Rothwell, Nina Berkowitz, Pamela Costner, LaSonji A Holman, Ingelise J Gordon, Cynthia S Hendel, Florence Kaltovich, Michelle Conan-Cibotti, Margarita Gomez Lorenzo, Cristina Carter, Sandra Sitar, Kevin Carlton, Jason Gall, Carolyn Laurencot, Bob C Lin, Robert T Bailer, Adrian B McDermott, Sung-Youl Ko, Amarendra Pegu, Young D Kwon, Peter D Kwong, Aryan M Namboodiri, Janardan P Pandey, Richard Schwartz, Frank Arnold, Zonghui Hu, Lily Zhang, Yunda Huang, Richard A Koup, Edmund V Capparelli, Barney S Graham, John R Mascola, Julie E Ledgerwood, Floreliz Mendoza, Laura Novik, Kathy Zephir, William Whalen, Brenda Larkin, Jamie Saunders, Jennifer Cunningham, Carol Levinson, Xiaolin Wang, Sarah Plummer, Milalynn Victorino, Abidemi Ola, Catina Boyd, Nilusha Jayasinghe, Preeti Apte, Cora Trelles Cartagena, Renunda Hicks, Pernell Williams, Olga Vasilenko, Galina Yamshchikov, Maria Burgos Florez, Iris Pittman, Lucio Gama, Joseph Casazza, Hope DeCederfelt, KC Cheng, Judy Stein
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2019)
Oxygen Therapy in Myocardial Infarction Patients With or Without Diabetes: A Predefined Subgroup Analysis From the DETO2X-AMI Trial
Authors: Thomas Nyström, Stefan K. James, Bertil Lindahl, Ollie Östlund, David Erlinge, Johan Herlitz, Elmir Omerovic, Linda Mellbin, Joakim Alfredsson, Ole Fröbert, Tomas Jernberg, Robin Hofmann
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of oxygen therapy in myocardial infarction (MI) patients with and without diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the Determination of the Role of Oxygen in Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction (DETO2X-AMI) trial, 6,629 normoxemic patients with suspected MI were randomized to oxygen at 6 L/min for 6–12 h or ambient air. In this prespecified analysis involving 5,010 patients with confirmed MI, 934 had known diabetes. Oxidative stress may be of particular importance in diabetes, and the primary objective was to study the effect of supplemental oxygen on the composite of all-cause death and rehospitalization with MI or heart failure (HF) at 1 year in patients with and without diabetes. RESULTS As expected, event rates were significantly higher in patients with diabetes compared with patients without diabetes (main composite end point: hazard ratio [HR] 1.60 [95% CI 1.32–1.93], P &amp;lt; 0.01). In patients with diabetes, the main composite end point occurred in 16.2% (72 of 445) allocated to oxygen as compared with 16.6% (81 of 489) allocated to ambient air (HR 0.93 [95% CI 0.67–1.27], P = 0.81). There was no statistically significant difference for the individual components of the composite end point or the rate of cardiovascular death up to 1 year. Likewise, corresponding end points in patients without diabetes were similar between the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Despite markedly higher event rates in patients with MI and diabetes, oxygen therapy did not significantly affect 1-year all-cause death, cardiovascular death, or rehospitalization with MI or HF, irrespective of underlying diabetes, in line with the results of the entire study.
Complete Revascularization with Multivessel PCI for Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Shamir R. Mehta, David A. Wood, Robert F. Storey, Roxana Mehran, Kevin R. Bainey, Helen Nguyen, Brandi Meeks, Giuseppe Di Pasquale, Jose López-Sendón, David P. Faxon, Laura Mauri, Sunil V. Rao, Laurent Feldman, P. Gabriel Steg, Álvaro Avezum, Tej Sheth, Natalia Pinilla-Echeverri, Raul Moreno, Gianluca Campo, Benjamin Wrigley, Sasko Kedev, Andrew Sutton, Richard Oliver, Josep Rodés-Cabau, Goran Stanković, Robert Welsh, Shahar Lavi, Warren J. Cantor, Jia Wang, Juliet Nakamya, Shrikant I. Bangdiwala, John A. Cairns
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the culprit lesion reduces the risk of cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction. Whether PCI of nonculprit lesions further reduces the risk of such events is unclear.