tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Pharmacist Prescription With Dispensed Duration of Hormonal Contraception
Authors: Maria I. Rodriguez, Alison B. Edelman, Megan Skye, Lorinda Anderson, Blair G. Darney
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Since 2016, 11 states have expanded the scope of pharmacists to include direct prescription of hormonal contraception. Dispensing greater than 1 month's supply is associated with improved contraceptive continuation rates and fewer breaks in coverage. Scant data exist on the practice of pharmacist prescription of contraception and its outcomes compared with traditional, clinic-based prescriptions. <h3>Objective</h3> To compare the amount of hormonal contraceptive supply dispensed between pharmacists and clinic-based prescriptions. Prescribing patterns were assessed by describing prescribing practices for women with contraindications to combined hormonal contraception. Characteristics of women seeking hormonal contraception directly from pharmacists were also described. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cohort study surveyed women aged 18 to 50 years who presented to pharmacies in California, Colorado, Hawaii, and Oregon for hormonal contraception prescribed by a clinician or a pharmacist between January 30 and November 1, 2019. <h3>Exposures</h3> Pharmacist or clinic-based prescription of contraception. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Months of contraceptive supply dispensed. <h3>Results</h3> Four hundred ten women (mean [SD] age, 27.1 [7.7] years) were recruited who obtained contraception directly from a pharmacist (n = 144) or by traditional clinician prescription (n = 266). Women obtaining contraception from a pharmacist were significantly younger (82 [56.9%] vs 115 [43.2%] participants aged 18-24 years;<i>P</i> = .03), had less education (38 [26.4%] vs 100 [37.6%] with a bachelor degree;<i>P</i> = .002), and were more likely to be uninsured (16 [11.1%] vs 8 [3.0%] participants;<i>P</i> = .001) compared with women with a prescription from a clinician. Pharmacists were significantly more likely to prescribe a 6-month or greater supply of contraceptives than clinicians (6.9% vs 1.5%,<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and significantly less likely to only prescribe a 1-month supply (42 [29.2%] vs 118 [44.4%] prescriptions;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Controlling for all covariates, women seen by pharmacists had higher odds of receipt of a 6-month or greater supply of contraceptives compared with those seen by clinicians (odds ratio = 3.55; 95% CI, 1.88-6.70). Pharmacists were as likely as clinicians to prescribe a progestin-only method to women with a potential contraindication to estrogen (n = 60 women; 8 [20.0%] vs 6 [30.0%],<i>P</i> = .52). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> These findings suggest that pharmacist prescription of contraception may be associated with improved contraceptive continuation by preventing breaks in coverage through the provision of a greater supply of medication. Efforts are needed to educate prescribing providers on the importance of dispensing 6 months or greater contraceptive supply.
Reducing Tobacco-Related Morbidity and Mortality—A Call to Action
Authors: John A. Ambrose, Amir Najafi, Rajat Barua
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Postmortem Examination of Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Tina Schaller, Klaus Hirschbühl, Katrin Burkhardt, Georg Braun, Martin Trepel, Bruno Märkl, Rainer Claus
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Matt Arentz, MD; Eric Yim, MD; Lindy Klaff, MD; Sharukh Lokhandwala, MD, MSc; Francis X. Riedo, MD; Maria Chong, MD; Melissa Lee, MD
Biomaterials against Bone Infection
Authors: María Vallet‐Regí, Daniel Lozano, Blanca González, Isabel Izquierdo‐Barba
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Chronic bone infection is considered as one of the most problematic biofilm‐related infections. Its recurrent and resistant nature, high morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and costly medical care expenses have driven the efforts of the scientific community to develop new therapies to improve the standards used today. There is great debate on the management of this kind of infection in order to establish consistent and agreed guidelines in national health systems. The scientific research is oriented toward the design of anti‐infective biomaterials both for prevention and cure. The properties of these materials must be adapted to achieve better anti‐infective performance and good compatibility, which allow a good integration of the implant with the surrounding tissue. The objective of this review is to study in‐depth the antibacterial biomaterials and the strategies underlying them. In this sense, this manuscript focuses on antimicrobial coatings, including the new technological advances on surface modification; scaffolding design including multifunctional scaffolds with both antimicrobial and bone regeneration properties; and nanocarriers based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles with advanced properties (targeting and stimuli‐response capabilities).
Genome-wide association studies of cardiac electrical phenotypes
Authors: Charlotte Glinge, Najim Lahrouchi, Reza Jabbari, Jacob Tfelt-Hansen, Connie R Bezzina
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2020)

The genetic basis of cardiac electrical phenotypes has in the last 25 years been the subject of intense investigation. While in the first years, such efforts were dominated by the study of familial arrhythmia syndromes, in recent years, large consortia of investigators have successfully pursued genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for the identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms that govern inter-individual variability in electrocardiographic parameters in the general population. We here provide a review of GWAS conducted on cardiac electrical phenotypes in the last 14 years and discuss the implications of these discoveries for our understanding of the genetic basis of disease susceptibility and variability in disease severity. Furthermore, we review functional follow-up studies that have been conducted on GWAS loci associated with cardiac electrical phenotypes and highlight the challenges and opportunities offered by such studies.
Management of Cancer Cachexia: ASCO Guideline
Authors: Eric J. Roeland, Kari Bohlke, Vickie E. Baracos, Eduardo Bruera, Egidio del Fabbro, Suzanne Dixon, Marie Fallon, Jørn Herrstedt, Harold Lau, Mary Platek, Hope S. Rugo, Hester H. Schnipper, Thomas J. Smith, Winston Tan, Charles L. Loprinzi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

To provide evidence-based guidance on the clinical management of cancer cachexia in adult patients with advanced cancer.A systematic review of the literature collected evidence regarding nutritional, pharmacologic, and other interventions, such as exercise, for cancer cachexia. PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews of RCTs published from 1966 through October 17, 2019. ASCO convened an Expert Panel to review the evidence and formulate recommendations.The review included 20 systematic reviews and 13 additional RCTs. Dietary counseling, with or without oral nutritional supplements, was reported to increase body weight in some trials, but evidence remains limited. Pharmacologic interventions associated with improvements in appetite and/or body weight include progesterone analogs and corticosteroids. The other evaluated interventions either had no benefit or insufficient evidence of benefit to draw conclusions on efficacy. Limitations of the evidence include high drop-out rates, consistent with advanced cancer, as well as variability across studies in outcomes of interest and methods for outcome assessment.Dietary counseling may be offered with the goals of providing patients and caregivers with advice for the management of cachexia. Enteral feeding tubes and parenteral nutrition should not be used routinely. In the absence of more robust evidence, no specific pharmacological intervention can be recommended as the standard of care; therefore, clinicians may choose not to prescribe medications specifically for the treatment of cancer cachexia. Nonetheless, when it is decided to trial a drug to improve appetite and/or improve weight gain, currently available pharmacologic interventions that may be used include progesterone analogs and short-term (weeks) corticosteroids.
A future vaccination campaign against COVID-19 at risk of vaccine hesitancy and politicisation
Authors: Patrick Peretti-Watel, Valérie Seror, Sébastien Cortaredona, Odile Launay, Jocelyn Raude, Pierrea Verger, Lisa Fressard, François Beck, Stéphane Legleye, Olivier L'Haridon, Damien Léger, Jeremy Keith Ward
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2020)
Abstract 15522: Thin-Strut Fully Absorbable Scaffold With Favorable Endothelial Shear Stress Profile Reduces Inflammation and Promotes Rapid Arterial Healing: A Serial Dual-Modal Optical Coherence Tomography-Near Infrared Fluorescence (OCT-NIRF) Molecular Imaging Study
Authors: Sun Won Kim, Hyun-Sang Park, Hyeong Soo Nam, Joon Woo Song, Gyoung Hwan Kim, Yeon Hoon Kim, Young Dae Joo, Kyeongsoon Park, Hongki Yoo, Wang-Yuhl Oh, Jin Won Kim
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: During scaffold absorption, protruded dismantling struts and inflammation influence endothelial shear stress (ESS) and vascular healing process. We aimed to estimate dynamic changes o...
Autoantibody profiling identifies predictive biomarkers of response to anti-PD1 therapy in cancer patients
Authors: Qiaoyun Tan, Dan Wang, Jianliang Yang, Puyuan Xing, Sheng Yang, Yang Li, Yan Qin, Xiaohui He, Yutao Liu, Shengyu Zhou, Hu Duan, Te Liang, Haoyu Wang, Yanrong Wang, Shiyu Jiang, Fengyi Zhao, Qiaofeng Zhong, Yu Zhou, Shasha Wang, Jiayu Dai, Jiarui Yao, Di Wu, Zhishang Zhang, Yan Sun, Xiaohong Han, Xiaobo Yu, Yuankai Shi
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Background: Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) inhibitors have revolutionized cancer therapy, yet many patients fail to respond.Thus, the identification of accurate predictive biomarkers of therapy response will improve the clinical benefit of anti-PD1 therapy.Method: We assessed the baseline serological autoantibody (AAb) profile against ~2300 proteins in 10 samples and ~4600 proteins in 35 samples with alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS), non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and lymphoma using Nucleic Acid Programmable Protein Arrays (NAPPA).23 selected potential AAb biomarkers were verified using simple, affordable and rapid enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) technology with baseline plasma samples from 12 ASPS, 16 NSCLC and 46 lymphoma patients.SIX2 and EIF4E2 AAbs were further validated in independent cohorts of 17 NSCLC and 43 lymphoma patients, respectively, using ELISA.The IgG subtypes in response to therapy were also investigated.Results: Distinct AAb profiles between ASPS, NSCLC and lymphoma were observed.In ASPS, the production of P53 and PD1 AAbs were significantly increased in non-responders (p=0.037).In NSCLC, the SIX2 AAb was predictive of response with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.87, 0.85 and 0.90 at 3 months, 4.5 months, 6 months evaluation time points, respectively.In the validation cohort, the SIX2 AAb was consistently up-regulated in non-responders (p=0.024).For lymphoma, the EIF4E2 AAb correlated with a favorable response with AUCs of 0.68, 0.70, and 0.70 at 3 months, 4.5 months, and 6 months, respectively.In the validation cohort, the AUCs were 0.74, 0.75 and 0.66 at 3 months, 4.5 months, and 6 months, respectively.The PD1 and PD-L1 IgG2 AAbs were highly produced in ~20% of lymphoma responders.Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis revealed antigen functions of these AAb biomarkers. Conclusion:This study provides the first evidence that AAb biomarkers selected using high-throughput protein microarrays can predict anti-PD1 therapeutic response and guide anti-PD1 therapy.
Outbreak of Norovirus Illness Among Wildfire Evacuation Shelter Populations — Butte and Glenn Counties, California, November 2018
Authors: Ellora Karmarkar, Seema Jain, Jeff Higa, Jazmin Fontenot, Regina Bertolucci, Thalia Huynh, Gwendolyn Hammer, Alice Brodkin, May Thao, Blake Brousseau, Danielle Hopkins, Emily Kelly, Madison Sheffield, Sandy Henley, Holly Whittaker, Robert L. Herrick, Chao-Yang Pan, Alice Chen, Janice Kim, Lori Schaumleffel, Zenith Khwaja, Erin Epson, Shua J. Chai, Debra Wadford, Duc Vugia, Linda Lewis
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

The Camp Fire, California's deadliest wildfire, began November 8, 2018, and was extinguished November 25 (1). Approximately 1,100 evacuees from the fire sought emergency shelter. On November 10, acute gastroenteritis (AGE) was reported in two evacuation shelters; norovirus illness was suspected, because it is commonly detected in shelter-associated AGE outbreaks. Norovirus is highly contagious and resistant to several disinfectants. Butte County Public Health Department (BCPHD), assisted by the California Department of Public Health (CDPH), initiated active surveillance to identify cases, confirm the etiology, and assess shelter infection prevention and control (IPC) practices to guide recommendations. During November 8-30, a total of 292 patients with AGE were identified among nine evacuation shelters; norovirus was detected in 16 of 17 unique patient stool specimens. Shelter IPC assessments revealed gaps in illness surveillance, isolation practices, cleaning, disinfection, and handwashing. CDPH and BCPHD collaborated with partner agencies to implement AGE screening, institute isolation protocols and 24-hour cleaning services, and promote proper hand hygiene. During disasters with limited resources, damaged infrastructure, and involvement of multiple organizations, establishing shelter disease surveillance and IPC is difficult. However, prioritizing effective surveillance and IPC at shelter activation is necessary to prevent, identify, and contain outbreaks.
139O Final results of the double-blind placebo (PBO)-controlled randomised phase II LOTUS trial of first-line ipatasertib (IPAT) + paclitaxel (PAC) for inoperable locally advanced/metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC)
Authors: R. Dent, M. Oliveira, S.J. Isakoff, S-A. Im, M. Espié, S. Blau, A.R. Tan, C. Saura, M. Wongchenko, N. Xu, D. Bradley, S-J. Reilly, A. Mani, S-B. Kim
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Editorial: Cytogenetics and cancer
Authors: L. G. Koss
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The determination of the chromosomal makeup of cells in man and in the experimental animal has acquired a new importance since the discovery of the sex chromatin body by Barr and Bertram in 1948.<sup>1</sup>As so often happens in our times, one discovery followed another: in 1956 the exact number of chromosomes in man was shown to be 46,<sup>2,3</sup>the Denver system for chromosomal classification according to size and the position of the centromere was internationally accepted, and evidence was provided that certain common congenital disorders are due to abnormalities of either the sex chromosomes (X,Y) or of the remaining 44 chromosomes or autosomes. Recently, a further sophistication of the prior systems of chromosomal identification was introduced, namely chromosomal banding. It has been demonstrated that each one of the chromosomal pairs has a specific banding pattern that can be demonstrated by using either a fluorescent dye, quinacrine, as
Arousal Modulates Retinal Output
Authors: Sylvia Schröder, Nicholas A. Steinmetz, Michael Krumin, Marius Pachitariu, Matteo Rizzi, Leon Lagnado, Kenneth D. Harris, Matteo Carandini
Journal: Neuron (2020)

At various stages of the visual system, visual responses are modulated by arousal. Here, we find that in mice this modulation operates as early as in the first synapse from the retina and even in retinal axons. To measure retinal activity in the awake, intact brain, we imaged the synaptic boutons of retinal axons in the superior colliculus. Their activity depended not only on vision but also on running speed and pupil size, regardless of retinal illumination. Arousal typically reduced their visual responses and selectivity for direction and orientation. Recordings from retinal axons in the optic tract revealed that arousal modulates the firing of some retinal ganglion cells. Arousal had similar effects postsynaptically in colliculus neurons, independent of activity in the other main source of visual inputs to the colliculus, the primary visual cortex. These results indicate that arousal modulates activity at every stage of the mouse visual system.
MAGE-a Inhibits Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma through Regulation of Bim and PUMA
Authors: Hearn Jay Cho, Anna Huo-Chang Mei, Jami Fukui, Kaity Tung, Deepak Perumal, Violetta Leshchenko, Alessandro Lagana, Seunghee Kim-Schultze, Ajai Chari, Sundar Jagannath, Samir Parekh
Journal: Blood (2017)
SIRT1–NOX4 signaling axis regulates cancer cachexia
Authors: Aneesha Dasgupta, Surendra K. Shukla, Enza Vernucci, Ryan J. King, Jaime Abrego, Scott E. Mulder, Nicholas J. Mullen, Gavin Graves, Kyla Buettner, Ravi Thakur, Divya Murthy, Kuldeep S. Attri, Dezhen Wang, Nina V. Chaika, Camila G. Pacheco, Ibha Rai, Dannielle D. Engle, Paul M. Grandgenett, Michael Punsoni, Bradley N. Reames, Melissa Teoh-Fitzgerald, Rebecca Oberley-Deegan, Fang Yu, Kelsey A. Klute, Michael A. Hollingsworth, Matthew C. Zimmerman, Kamiya Mehla, Junichi Sadoshima, David A. Tuveson, Pankaj K. Singh
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)

Approximately one third of cancer patients die due to complexities related to cachexia. However, the mechanisms of cachexia and the potential therapeutic interventions remain poorly studied. We observed a significant positive correlation between SIRT1 expression and muscle fiber cross-sectional area in pancreatic cancer patients. Rescuing Sirt1 expression by exogenous expression or pharmacological agents reverted cancer cell–induced myotube wasting in culture conditions and mouse models. RNA-seq and follow-up analyses showed cancer cell–mediated SIRT1 loss induced NF-κB signaling in cachectic muscles that enhanced the expression of FOXO transcription factors and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), a key regulator of reactive oxygen species production. Additionally, we observed a negative correlation between NOX4 expression and skeletal muscle fiber cross-sectional area in pancreatic cancer patients. Knocking out Nox4 in skeletal muscles or pharmacological blockade of Nox4 activity abrogated tumor-induced cachexia in mice. Thus, we conclude that targeting the Sirt1–Nox4 axis in muscles is an effective therapeutic intervention for mitigating pancreatic cancer–induced cachexia.
Trends of Clinician Adherence to Evidence-Based Recommendations for Multidisciplinary Oncology Care for Patients With Esophageal Cancer
Authors: John G. Aversa, Laurence P. Diggs, Brendan L. Hagerty, Dana A. Dominguez, Timothy Wiemken, Carrie Luu, Jonathan M. Hernandez
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

This cohort study examines national rates of neoadjuvant dual-agent chemotherapy and radiation followed by surgery in patients with locally advanced esophageal carcinoma after a randomized clinical trial demonstrated a survival advantage.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-2019) Infection Among Health Care Workers and Implications for Prevention Measures in a Tertiary Hospital in Wuhan, China
Authors: Xiaoquan Lai, Minghuan Wang, Chuan Qin, Li Tan, Lusen Ran, Daiqi Chen, Han Zhang, Ke Shang, Chen Xia, Shaokang Wang, Shabei Xu, Wei Wang
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Health care workers (HCWs) have high infection risk owing to treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, research on their infection risk and clinical characteristics is limited. <h3>Objectives</h3> To explore infection risk and clinical characteristics of HCWs with COVID-19 and to discuss possible prevention measures. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This single-center case series included 9684 HCWs in Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China. Data were collected from January 1 to February 9, 2020. <h3>Exposures</h3> Confirmed COVID-19. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Exposure, epidemiological, and demographic information was collected by a structured questionnaire. Clinical, laboratory, and radiologic information was collected from electronic medical records. A total of 335 medical staff were randomly sampled to estimate the prevalence of subclinical infection among a high-risk, asymptomatic population. Samples from surfaces in health care settings were also collected. <h3>Results</h3> Overall, 110 of 9684 HCWs in Tongji Hospital tested positive for COVID-19, with an infection rate of 1.1%. Of them, 70 (71.8%) were women, and they had a median (interquartile range) age of 36.5 (30.0-47.0) years. Seventeen (15.5%) worked in fever clinics or wards, indicating an infection rate of 0.5% (17 of 3110) among first-line HCWs. A total of 93 of 6574 non–first-line HCWs (1.4%) were infected. Non–first-line nurses younger than 45 years were more likely to be infected compared with first-line physicians aged 45 years or older (incident rate ratio, 16.1; 95% CI, 7.1-36.3;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). The prevalence of subclinical infection was 0.74% (1 of 135) among asymptomatic first-line HCWs and 1.0% (2 of 200) among non–first-line HCWs. No environmental surfaces tested positive. Overall, 93 of 110 HCWs (84.5%) with COVID-19 had nonsevere disease, while 1 (0.9%) died. The 5 most common symptoms were fever (67 [60.9%]), myalgia or fatigue (66 [60.0%]), cough (62 [56.4%]), sore throat (55 [50.0%]), and muscle ache (50 [45.5%]). Contact with indexed patients (65 [59.1%]) and colleagues with infection (12 [10.9%]) as well as community-acquired infection (14 [12.7%]) were the main routes of exposure for HCWs. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this case series, most infections among HCWs occurred during the early stage of disease outbreak. That non–first-line HCWs had a higher infection rate than first-line HCWs differed from observation of previous viral disease epidemics. Rapid identification of staff with potential infection and routine screening among asymptomatic staff could help protect HCWs.