tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive autophagy evaluation in cardiac disease models
Authors: Nina Kaludercic, Maria Chiara Maiuri, Susmita Kaushik, Álvaro F Fernández, Jenny de Bruijn, Francesca Castoldi, Yun Chen, Jumpei Ito, Risa Mukai, Tomokazu Murakawa, Jihoon Nah, Federico Pietrocola, Toshiro Saito, Salwa Sebti, Martina Semenzato, Lorenza Tsansizi, Sebastiano Sciarretta, Julio Madrigal-Matute
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2019)

Abstract Autophagy is a highly conserved recycling mechanism essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The pathophysiological role of autophagy has been explored since its discovery 50 years ago, but interest in autophagy has grown exponentially over the last years. Many researchers around the globe have found that autophagy is a critical pathway involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac diseases. Several groups have created novel and powerful tools for gaining deeper insights into the role of autophagy in the aetiology and development of pathologies affecting the heart. Here, we discuss how established and emerging methods to study autophagy can be used to unravel the precise function of this central recycling mechanism in the cardiac system.
Deforestation and malaria in Madagascar: a new framework to explore linkages in the absence of robust health reporting infrastructure
Authors: Nicholas Arisco, Benjamin L Rice, Luciano M Tantely, Romain Girod, Gauthier N Emile, Hervet J Randriamady, Marcia C Castro, Christopher D Golden
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2019)

BackgroundLand-use changes, such as deforestation, can increase the transmission potential of a landscape by increasing the abundance of preferred microhabitats for malaria vectors. However, this relationship between malaria and deforestation is complex and depends on factors such as the type of land use, the local ecology of malaria vector species, and the health resources available to the human population. In Madagascar, despite alarmingly high rates of deforestation and concerning reports of increases in malaria, this link remains poorly studied.MethodsThe feasibility of traditional approaches to studying the link between malaria and deforestation is limited for Madagascar because (i) health systems lack capacity to collect regular and accurate malaria data, especially in many rural areas, (ii) vector habitat preferences are poorly understood, and (iii) most existing malaria infection outcome datasets lack data on important mediating factors. To circumvent inadequacies in current data streams, we discuss a new framework that integrates novel primary data collection efforts on malaria infection and vector ecology from cross-sectional studies with longitudinal land-use data from remote sensing. Incorporating these data into hierarchical models allows us to infer structural associations between macro and micro level predictors of malaria risk in different ecological contexts in Madagascar. We compare the outputs from these models to analyses that can be conducted with robust data from the Brazilian health system.FindingsWe report data on malaria burden, deforestation, its covariates, and vector larval habitat preference for four distinct, previously understudied, ecoregions of Madagascar. Risk factors of malaria infection vary in sign and magnitude of effect across ecological contexts.InterpretationWhile data such as Brazil's allow for predictive modelling and assessment of temporally dynamic systems, our proposed modelling framework demonstrates variations in risk factors regionally in the meantime. This approach can help to mitigate current data gaps and better inform existing malaria control efforts in Madagascar during health system development.FundingThe Ren Che Foundation, Henry David Thoreau Foundation, Catholic Relief Services through a grand from United States Agency for International Development, and Madagascar Health and Environmental Research (MAHERY).
P04.17 Differential diagnosis of gliomas using Digital Holographic Microscopy
Authors: V L Calin, G E D Petrescu, M Mihailescu, F M Brehar, M Lisievici, B Comanescu, N Tarba, M R Gorgan, T Savopol, M G Moisescu
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract BACKGROUND The clinical course and prognostic of gliomas depend on the tumor histological and molecular features. The histopathological diagnosis requests well-trained specialists and multi-step operational procedures for sample preparation. Faster and more objective protocols should be implemented in support of pathologists. The Quantitative Phase Imaging based methods are biologically proved to be efficient in revealing, without any labeling, important characteristics of the living specimens having different structural complexity. We used Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM) to acquire QPIs and to analyze glioma samples in order to discriminate glioma tissues of various malignancy grades. MATERIAL AND METHODS Grade II glioma (GM) and grade IV glioblastoma (GBM) tissues were collected from patients who underwent surgery. For each sample, two consecutive slices were fixed with formalin, embedded in paraffin and cut at 4 µm thickness. One slice was stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) and the other slice was left unstained. The pathologist diagnosed H&amp;E slides as GM or GBM and the corresponding unstained slides were accordingly labeled. Holograms of unstained sections were acquired using a LyncéeTec DHM®-R1000 digital holographic microscope (at 664.5 nm). QPIs were reconstructed using the Koala dedicated software, and then the distribution of the phase shift values in the image was characterized by various statistical parameters (mean, variance, kurtosis, skewness, energy, entropy). RESULTS A total of 78 images were analyzed, 33 for grade II gliomas and 45 for grade IV glioblastomas, the areas being randomly selected, as the tissue is highly homogeneous. Lower values of Mean, Variance and Energy and higher values of Kurtosis and Entropy were found for GM compared to GBM (Mann-Whitney test was performed for proofing the statistically significance). No statistical difference was observed for Skewness. As the thickness of the samples was constant, variations of these parameters may be attributed to different distributions of the refractive index within the samples, which in turn is directly related to the protein content and structural features of the tissue. CONCLUSION The analyze of unstained biopsies of glioma tumors based on DHM could be used for faster and more accurate diagnosis, offering efficient optical markers to distinguish between levels of malignancy with high statistical confidence. Our findings can be further exploited for automatic evaluation and classification of malignant tissues, parameters provided by QPIs being used as classifiers for a supervised machine algorithm. This method can be adapted for fresh samples, being thus a promising method for intraoperative diagnostic.
Annals Story Slam - Humanoid
Authors: Rachel Brandoff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

Web Exclusives3 September 2019Annals Story Slam - HumanoidFREERachel Brandoff, PhD, ATR-BC, ATCS, LCATRachel Brandoff, PhD, ATR-BC, ATCS, LCATSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/W19-0014 SectionsAboutVisual Abstract ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Video. Annals Story Slam - Humanoid "Humanoid," by Rachel Brandoff, PhD, ATR-BC, ATCS, LCAT (Duration 5:20)Building on the popular Annals feature “On Being a Doctor,” storytellers share stories about the experience of doctoring on video.For more videos from and information on Annals Story Slam, visit go.annals.org/StorySlam. Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 3 September 2019Volume 171, Issue 5Page: SS1 ePublished: 3 September 2019 Issue Published: 3 September 2019 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2019 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Tumor‐Derived Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 2 Predicts Survival and Antitumor Immune Responses in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zongyi Yang, Jia Feng, Li Xiao, Xi Chen, Yuanfei Yao, Yiqun Li, Yu Tang, Shuai Zhang, Min Lu, Yu Qian, Hongjin Wu, Ming Shi
Journal: Hepatology (2019)

Background and Aims Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is linked to immunosuppression. Relieving immunosuppression has been an attractive strategy to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Peptidoglycan recognition protein 2 (PGLYRP2) is a pattern recognition receptor which is specifically expressed in liver and implicated in the regulation of innate immunity and immunosurveillance. However, the role of hepatic PGLYRP2 in modulating immune responses against HCC remains to be investigated. Approach and Results In this study, we investigated whether PGLYRP2 is able to influence HCC progression through regulating host antitumor immune responses. We demonstrated that PGLYRP2 was down‐regulated in HCC, which was linked with poor prognosis in patients ( P &lt; 0.001). PGLYRP2 overexpression in HCC cells significantly enhanced antitumor immune responses in immune‐competent mice and elevated immune response rates of peripheral blood mononuclear cells against HCC . Mechanistically, DNA methyltransferase 3A–mediated promoter hypermethylation was responsible for the down‐regulation of PGLYRP2 in HCC. PGLYRP2 promoted production of chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) in HCC through binding to the CCL5 promoter, which contributed to the enhanced antitumor immunity. Conclusions We provide evidence that tumor‐derived PGLYRP2 acts as a candidate biomarker for adequate immune response against HCC and improved patient outcomes, indicating the importance of hepatic PGLYRP2 in cancer immunosurveillance and in designing immunotherapeutic approaches.
A Central Venous Catheter That Cannot Be Dislodged Easily by a Confused Patient
Authors: Bharat Nathoo, Marianne Stroz, Peter Stroz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

Letters3 September 2019A Central Venous Catheter That Cannot Be Dislodged Easily by a Confused PatientBharat Nathoo, MD, Marianne Stroz, MD, and Peter Stroz, MDBharat Nathoo, MDMackenzie Health, Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada (B.N.)Search for more papers by this author, Marianne Stroz, MDMackenzie Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.S., P.S.)Search for more papers by this author, and Peter Stroz, MDMackenzie Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.S., P.S.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L19-0343 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Brown and Kim (1) may have overlooked the radiology literature in their review of the evidence for their case report. After we developed the posteriorly tunneled catheter technique, we reported on our experience in 2014 (2). We had placed 32 of these catheters in 12 patients. The mean interval for catheter use was 164 days, with a total of 5248 catheter-days. Although we tunneled the catheters to the back, 6 of our 12 patients were still able to dislodge them.Confused states are common in patients with renal failure (3). We hope that our experience will help ...References1. Brown RS, Kim D. A central venous catheter that cannot be dislodged easily by a confused patient. Ann Intern Med. 2019;170:503-4. [PMID: 30583294]. doi:10.7326/L18-0439 LinkGoogle Scholar2. Stroz MJ, Nathoo B, Stroz PM. Posteriorly tunneled dialysis catheters for permanent use in cognitively impaired patients undergoing hemodialysis. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2014;25:1621-5. [PMID: 25255948] doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2014.06.017 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Kurella Tamura M, Yaffe K. Dementia and cognitive impairment in ESRD: diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Kidney Int. 2011;79:14-22. [PMID: 20861818] doi:10.1038/ki.2010.336 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mackenzie Health, Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada (B.N.)Mackenzie Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.S., P.S.)Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L19-0343. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoA Central Venous Catheter That Cannot Be Dislodged Easily by a Confused Patient Robert S. Brown and Ducksoo Kim A Central Venous Catheter That Cannot Be Dislodged Easily by a Confused Patient Robert S. Brown and Ducksoo Kim A Central Venous Catheter That Cannot Be Dislodged Easily by a Confused Patient Anil K. Agarwal Metrics 3 September 2019Volume 171, Issue 5Page: 386KeywordsCathetersDiagnostic radiologyDisclosureMedical dialysisRenal failure ePublished: 3 September 2019 Issue Published: 3 September 2019 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2019 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Cognitive rehabilitation program to improve cognition of cancer patients treated with chemotherapy: A randomized controlled multicenter trial.
Authors: Mélanie Dos Santos, Olivier Rigal, Isabelle Léger, Idlir Licaj, Sarah Dauchy, Christelle Levy, Sabine Noal, Carine Segura, Corinne Delcambre, Djelila Allouache, Aurélie Parzy, Marie Lange, Aurélie Capel, Jean-Michel Grellard, Bénédicte Clarisse, Johan Lefel, Florence Joly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

11521 Background: Cognitive impairment induced by cancer chemotherapy (CT) has been identified as an important side-effect with negative impact on quality of life (QoL) without specific treatment. We evaluated the impact of computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation (CR) on cognitive complaint, objective cognitive dysfunction and QoL among cancer patients treated with CT. Methods: We included cancer patients with cognitive complaint occurring during CT or within 5 years of the end of CT. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to face-to-face CR with a neuropsychologist (group A), home cognitive exercises (group B) or phone follow-up (group C) with 9 sessions over 3 months. Cognition was assessed by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Cognitive Function (FACT-Cog) completed by a neuropsychological battery of test and QoL assessment by the FACT-General (FACT-G). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with 7-point improvement in the perceived cognitive impairments (PCI) of the FACT-Cog between baseline (T0) and the end of the program (T3). Results: 167 patients were enrolled, median age was 50 years [43-59] and 96% were women with mainly breast cancer. Compliance rate with completion of all sessions was 76, 61 and 75% respectively. Proportion of patients with 7-point PCI improvement were 73, 55 and 56% without reaching the statistically significant difference between group A and B (p = 0.07) and group A and C (p = 0.08). The mean difference in PCI score were 17, 10 and 10 (p = 0.03). Patients with CR improved their working memory with significant difference between group A and C (1.4 versus 0.3, p &lt; 0.001) but not between group A and B (1.4 versus 1.1, p = 0.43). There was a significant impact of CR on the FACT-Cog subscale score of QoL (p = 0.01) in favor of the group A, but not on the different dimensions of the FACT-G. Patients in group A presented improvement in depression compared to group B and C: -6.5 versus -1.7 and -2.3 (p = 0.03). Conclusions: CR with a neuropsychologist improves cognitive complaint. Cognitive stimulation showed improvements in working memory. CR was associated with better QoL linked to cognitive disorders and lower levels of depression. Clinical trial information: NCT01788618.
Enhanced CAR T cell expansion and prolonged persistence in pediatric patients with ALL treated with a low-affinity CD19 CAR
Authors: Sara Ghorashian, Anne Marijn Kramer, Shimobi Onuoha, Gary Wright, Jack Bartram, Rachel Richardson, Sarah J. Albon, Joan Casanovas-Company, Fernanda Castro, Bilyana Popova, Krystle Villanueva, Jenny Yeung, Winston Vetharoy, Aleks Guvenel, Patrycja A. Wawrzyniecka, Leila Mekkaoui, Gordon Weng-Kit Cheung, Danielle Pinner, Jan Chu, Giovanna Lucchini, Juliana Silva, Oana Ciocarlie, Arina Lazareva, Sarah Inglott, Kimberly C. Gilmour, Gulrukh Ahsan, Mathieu Ferrari, Somayya Manzoor, Kim Champion, Tony Brooks, Andre Lopes, Allan Hackshaw, Farzin Farzaneh, Robert Chiesa, Kanchan Rao, Denise Bonney, Sujith Samarasinghe, Nicholas Goulden, Ajay Vora, Paul Veys, Rachael Hough, Robert Wynn, Martin A. Pule, Persis J. Amrolia
Journal: Nature Medicine (2019)
P14.15 Benefit of Bevacizumab for recurrent glioblastoma. Results of 81 patients from a single institution
Authors: O Absalyamova, G Kobiakov, G Agabekyan, A Poddubsky, A Belyashova, K Lodygina, A Absalyamov, N Kobiakov
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract BACKGROUND No standard of care has been established for patients with progressive glioblastoma (rGBM). Previous studies suggested that bevacizumab (BEV) is safe and produces responses that result in a decreased use of glucocorticoids and increased progression-free survival (PFS) with an unclear effect on overall survival (OS). Crossover to BEV in the control arm is the possible reason why the advantage of BEV has not been proven in Phase III trials. We retrospectively analyzed own results of BEV treatment in rGBM. MATERIAL AND METHODS 81 patients progressed after radiotherapy plus concomitant and maintenance temozolomide (TMZ) and undergo BEV as monotherapy (BevMo, 11 patients) or in combinations (Irinotecan (BevI) - 53, lomustine (BevL)- 11, TMZ (BevT) - 6. Median age 54 years. Among them 33 patients were re-irradiated: 11 - radiosurgery (RS), 20 fractionated irradiation (RT), 2 - RS+RT. 33 patients continued BEV after progression with changing or adding cytostatic. PFS was calculated from the date of verification, PFS1 - from the date of 1-st progression, PFS2 - from the date of 2-nd progression. RESULTS Median PFS was 9.0 ([CI] 7.0–10.9) months. Median PFS1 was 10.5 ([CI] 8.1–12.9) months. In the BevMo, BevI, BevL, BevT group PFS1 was 15.7, 10.1, 10.5, 13.2 months, respectively, p=0.7. Objective response (OR) was reached in 34%, stable disease (SD) in 28%, progression (PD) in 37% patients. 16 patients stopped BEV without progression (4-patient`s decision, 7- doctor`s decision, 2 - adverse event, 3 - concomitant disease). Median time of BEV treatment was 11.6 months. Median BEV-free interval till progression was 3.7 months. 33 patients continued or restarted BEV after progression. Median PFS2 was 8.0 ([CI] 4.9–11.1) months. The median OS from the date of 1-st progression was 23.5 months ([CI] 18.7–27.4). In groups with RT, RS, RS+RT and no re-irradiarion OS was 24.6 ([CI] 17.6–31.5), 35.4 ([CI] 35.0–35.8), 17.8, 20.6 ([CI] 15.2–26.0), respectively, p=0.2. CONCLUSION OS in our group is outrageously high. Maintaining BEV after progression was effective. In our group BEV discontinuation led to rapid progression. The resumption of Bev with progression was effective, which indicates the advisability of its continuous application.
Erratum: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ and γ agonists differentially alter tumor differentiation and progression during mammary carcinogenesis (Cancer Research (May 1, 2005) 65 (3950-3957))
Authors: Levy Kopelovich, Y. Yin, R. G. Russell, L. E. Dettin, R. Bai, Z. L. Wei, A. P. Kozikowski, L. Kopelovich, R. I. Glazer
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)
Association of Genetic Variants Related to Combined Exposure to Lower Low-Density Lipoproteins and Lower Systolic Blood Pressure With Lifetime Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Brian A. Ference, Deepak L. Bhatt, Alberico L. Catapano, Chris J. Packard, Ian Graham, Stephen Kaptoge, Thatcher B. Ference, Qi Guo, Ulrich Laufs, Christian T. Ruff, Arjen Cupido, G. Kees Hovingh, John Danesh, Michael V. Holmes, George Davey Smith, Kausik K. Ray, Stephen J. Nicholls, Marc S. Sabatine
Journal: JAMA (2019)

The relationship between exposure to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) with the risk of cardiovascular disease has not been reliably quantified.
The relationship between patient experience with service quality and survival in pancreatic cancer.
Authors: Christopher G. Lis, Maurie Markman, Mark Rodeghier, Digant Gupta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e14697 Background: Despite the recognized relevance of symptom burden in pancreatic cancer, there has been limited exploration of whether an individual patient’s assessment of the overall quality-of-care received might influence outcome. To assess this issue we evaluated the relationship between patient-reported experience with service quality and overall survival. Methods: We evaluated 496 returning pancreatic cancer patients treated at Cancer Treatment Centers of America between July 2007 and December 2010. Overall patient experience “considering everything, how satisfied are you with your overall experience with CTCA?” was measured on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from “completely dissatisfied” to “completely satisfied.” It was dichotomized into 2 categories: top box response (7) versus all others (1-6). Patient survival was the primary end point. Cox regression was used to evaluate the association between patient experience and survival. Results: 317 patients were newly diagnosed while 179 were previously treated. 16, 93, 81 and 306 patients had stage I, II, III and IV disease respectively. 292 were males and 204 females. Mean age was 57.3 years. 387 (78%) patients had expired at the time of this analysis. 345 patients were “completely satisfied” while 151 were not. Median overall survival was 7.9 months (95% CI: 7.3-8.6 months). On univariate analysis, “completely satisfied” patients had a significantly lower risk of mortality compared to those not “completely satisfied” (HR=0.62; 95% CI: 0.50-0.78; p&lt;0.001). On multivariate analysis controlling for stage at diagnosis, treatment history, age and gender, “completely satisfied” patients demonstrated significantly lower mortality (HR=0.61; 95% CI: 0.49-0.76; p&lt;0.001) compared to those not “completely satisfied”. Conclusions: Patient experience with service quality was an independent predictor of survival in pancreatic cancer. This finding underscores the importance of psychosocial factors in patient prognosis. Patients who evaluate their quality of care more favorably may in turn have more positive attitudes toward their treatment outcomes, and may engage in other health behaviors that could potentially increase survival.