tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Sclerosing Cholangitis Outcomes in Pediatrics (SCOPE) Index: A Prognostic Tool for Children
Authors: Mark R. Deneau, Cara Mack, Emily R. Perito, Amanda Ricciuto, Pamela L. Valentino, Mansi Amin, Achiya Z. Amir, Madeleine Aumar, Marcus Auth, Annemarie Broderick, Matthew DiGuglielmo, Laura G. Draijer, Eleonora Druve Tavares Fagundes, Wael El‐Matary, Federica Ferrari, Katryn N. Furuya, Nitika Gupta, Jessica T. Hochberg, Matjaz Homan, Simon Horslen, Raffaele Iorio, M. Kyle Jensen, Maureen M. Jonas, Binita M. Kamath, Nanda Kerkar, Kyung Mo Kim, Kaija‐Leena Kolho, Bart G.P. Koot, Trevor J. Laborda, Christine K. Lee, Kathleen M. Loomes, Mercedes Martinez, Alexander Miethke, Tamir Miloh, Douglas Mogul, Saeed Mohammad, Parvathi Mohan, Stacy Moroz, Nadia Ovchinsky, Sirish Palle, Alexandra Papadopoulou, Girish Rao, Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira, Pushpa Sathya, Kathleen B. Schwarz, Uzma Shah, Eyal Shteyer, Ruchi Singh, Vratislav Smolka, Nisreen Soufi, Atsushi Tanaka, Raghu Varier, Bernadette Vitola, Marek Woynarowski, Melissa Zerofsky, Andréanne Zizzo, Stephen L. Guthery
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

Disease progression in children with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is variable. Prognostic and risk-stratification tools exist for adult-onset PSC, but not for children. We aimed to create a tool that accounts for the biochemical and phenotypic features and early disease stage of pediatric PSC.
Some concerns in the treatment for rheumatic diseases
Authors: 张奉春
Journal: BMJ (2006)

风湿病学在医学领域中是一个独立的学科,涵盖近200种疾病,绝不仅仅是风湿、类风湿这样一个简单的概念.风湿性疾病临床表现复杂,特别是风湿病学中的弥漫性结缔组织疾病,往往首发症状不同、多系统受累,临床中的所谓疑难杂症多属于此类疾病.由于缺少对此类疾病的认识常常造成误诊误治,给患者身体健康及经济带来不必要的损失。
Rectal carcinoid: clinical analysis of 21 cases
Authors: Tian Li, Qian Liu, Yi Fang, Xiaohong Meng, Mingfang Ji
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Objective
To analyze the clinical characteristics , pathological classification and therapy strategy of rectal carcinoid and its prognostic factors.


Methods
Forty four patients with rectal carcinoid were diagnosed and treated in Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University from January 2006 to November 2013, among whom 21 patients (19 males and 2 females) were followed-up for 1-7.5 years. The clinical data of these cases were retrospectively analyzed.


Results
The patients underwent colonoscopy because of changed bowel habits and/or abnormal digital rectal examination, none of them had carcinoid syndrome. Colonoscopy showed that most lesions presented yellowish in color and smooth in surface; the diameter of the tumor was ≤ 1.0 cm in 12 cases (57%); the tumors were located at the rectum within 8 cm from anal rim in 17cases (76%); most of them were well differentiated. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that NSE expression was highly positive. The 1 year- and 3year- survival rate were both 100%. Among 8 cases who were followed up for over 5 year, 2 relapsed.


Conclusions
The digital rectal examination plays a key role in detecting rectal carcinoid. Though prognosis is relatively good, we should keep close following-up to detect the recurrence. The main risk factors influencing the prognosis are tumor size, depth of invasion and clinical stage. The combination measurement of CEA, TSGF, CA19-9 and NSE will either increase the sensitivity or the specificity of early detection.


Key words: 
Rectal neoplasms; Carcinoid tumor; Clinical analysis
Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings of lymphoepithelial carcinoma in parotid gland: a report of 6 cases
Authors: Zuhua Chen, Risheng Yu
Journal: BMJ (2015)

To summarize the imaging characteristic of parotid lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) by retrospective analyses of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings for 6 cases of parotid LEC confirmed by operation and pathology and review the relevant literatures. All lesions were located in unilateral parotid. There were single (n=5) and multi-module fusion (n=1). All were located in superficial lobe of parotid gland. And deep lobe (3/6) was involved. An infiltration of casting shape was found along superficial parotid (4/6). There was an irregular margin with small spines, uniform density and signal and above moderate enhancement. An infiltration of casting shape along superficial lobe, uniform density and signal and rich blood supply suggest a diagnosis of LEC.


Key words: 
Parotid tumor; Lymphoepithelial carcinoma
Current status of diagnosis and treatment on hyperthyroidism
Authors: 滕卫平
Journal: BMJ (2008)

甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)是内科常见病,最近报道在我国农村社区的患病率是1.7%,发病率是2‰[1].甲亢是一种慢性疾病,病程长,易复发,药物治疗的复发率高达50%～60%,且治疗期间需要调整药物剂量、监测甲状腺功能和治疗的不良反应;131I和手术治疗也有较高的甲状腺功能减退(甲减)的并发症,且在10年后逐渐显现。
Ongoing, first-in-human, phase I dose escalation study of the investigational CD47-blocker TTI-622 in patients with advanced relapsed or refractory lymphoma.
Authors: Krish Patel, Michael B. Maris, Bruce D. Cheson, Jeffrey A. Zonder, Alexander M. Lesokhin, Gottfried Von Keudell, Erlene Kuizon Seymour, Gloria H.Y. Lin, Tina Catalano, Yaping Shou, Swaminathan Padmanabhan Iyer, Radhakrishnan Ramchandren
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

3030 Background: CD47 is an immune checkpoint that binds signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) and delivers a "do not eat" signal to suppress macrophage phagocytosis. Cancer cells frequently overexpress CD47 to escape immune surveillance. TTI-622 is a fusion protein consisting of the CD47-binding domain of human SIRPα linked to the Fc region of human IgG4. TTI-622 acts as a decoy receptor, preventing CD47 from delivering its inhibitory signal and enabling macrophage activation and anti-cancer activity via pro-phagocytic signals present on cancer cells. Unlike many CD47-blocking antibodies, TTI-622 does not bind to human erythrocytes and thus may not cause anemia in patients. Methods: In phase 1A, patients with advanced relapsed or refractory lymphoma received IV TTI-622 once per week with dose increased based on traditional 3+3 escalation. Dosing was on a mg/kg basis with the third and subsequent weekly doses approximately 2-fold higher than the first 2 doses (e.g., 0.05, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/kg for weeks 1, 2 and 3). Blood samples were obtained for PK analysis and assessment of CD47 receptor occupancy (RO) on peripheral T cells. Results: At data cut-off, 19 patients (11 M, 8 F) of median age 62 years (range, 24-86) with the following lymphomas: DLBCL 10; HL 6; and TCL, MCL and FL, 1 each, with a median of 3 prior therapies (range, 1-8) were enrolled. No DLTs have been observed in 5 dose levels (0.05 to 4.0 mg/kg). Grade ≥3 related neutropenia occurred in 2 patients; other related AEs occurring in 2 patients each included abdominal pain, fatigue, and nausea; no patients experienced a related SAE. Acute, post-dose platelet decreases occurred transiently and generally were Grade 1- 2; no related Grade ≥3 thrombocytopenia or anemia AEs have been observed. Preliminary PK data indicate a dose-proportional increase in exposure and a T1/2 of approximately 4-5 days following repeat infusions (Week 6). Preliminary biomarker data reveal approximately 60% RO at the end of the first infusion of 2 mg/kg and more sustained 24-hour RO at 1 and 2 mg/kg vs ≤ 0.8 mg/kg. To date, 1 patient with stage 4 non-GCB DLBCL (5 prior therapies) initially achieved PR by Wk 8 and CR by Wk 36, with response ongoing. Conclusions: TTI-622 is well tolerated at doses up to 4 mg/kg per week. Preliminary data indicate dose-dependent increases in PK exposure and target engagement with 1 DLBCL patient having achieved a durable, ongoing CR. Dose escalation is ongoing and additional safety, PK, biomarker and response data will be available at the time of meeting presentation. Clinical trial information: NCT03530683 .
Abstract 14142: Enhanced External Counterpulsation Added to Ranolazine Improves Markers of Functional Capacity
Authors: Sanaz Ziad, Jamil Malik, Obinna Isiguzo, Lang Xu, Leqi Chen, Annette Cox, Sachin A Shah
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) and ranolazine are both FDA approved treatment modalities for patients with chronic stable angina. However, whether EECP offers clinical benefi...
Laparoscopic surgery for repairing biliary duct defect in type II, III Mirizzi syndrome
Authors: Jianfang Hou, Wei Ding
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Twenty nine patients with biliary duct defect in type Ⅱ, Ⅲ Mirizzi syndrome were treated by laparoscopic surgery at department of surgery, Luoyang Second Traditional Medicine Hospital from May 2010 to April 2017. Among them, 23 cases were treated by pedicle gallbladder flap with laparoscopy and 6 cases were converted to open surgery. The postoperative T-tube sustention was lasted for 4-7 months. When the cholangiopancreatography showed no obstruction, the T-tube was closed for a week; then the tube was pulled out if there was no further obstruction. The patients were followed-up for 4-84 months, all patients were cured and no complications occurred. Laparoscopic repair of biliary duct defect in type Ⅱ, Ⅲ Mirizzi syndrome with pedicle gallbladder flap is an effective procedure for physiological function integrity of biliary duct.


Key words: 
Mirizzi syndrome; Laparoscopes; Biliary duct surgical procedures
An investigation on knowledge of control and prevention for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases among general practitioner in community health service centers
Authors: Fan Li, Xun Xu, Xue-min Zhang, Wei-wen Yin
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Objective To understand awareness of basic knowledge on control and prevention for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among general practitioner in community health service centers. Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted among 593 general practitioners at 15 community health service centers in a district of Shanghai in the morning of February 26, 2008. Results Five hundred and forty-two of 593 ( 91.4% ) general practitioners surveyed knew that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can be abbreviated as COPD, and 315 of them (53.1%) thought they knew the main contents of the Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. No pulmonary function instrument was equipped at all 15 community health service centers surveyed, and 501 of 593 ( 84.5% ) general practitioners knew spirometry is gold standard for diagnosis of COPD. Only 115 ( 19.4% ) general practitioners knew that COPD can be categorized as acute exacerbation and stable stage. One hundred and sixty-three of them (27.5%) knew that drug therapy should be maintained in COPD patients for long term following effective treatment, 328 (55.3%) recognized that treatment for COPD patients was still needed in their stable stage, and 312 (52.6%) believed that antibiotics may not be necessary and 465 (78.4%) thought that inhalation therapy was the choice of treatment for acute exacerbation of COPD. Two hundred and thirty-five of them (39.6%) knew that oxygen inhalation should be more than 15 hours per day in regular family therapy. The investigation showed that 365 (61.6%) general practitioners had participated in training for COPD-related knowledge, only one or two times a year. Awareness of COPD knowledge was significantly poorer in rural practitioners than that in urban community ones. Conclusions Basic knowledge of prevention and treatment for COPD was seriously lack in general practitioners, so it is a necessity to strengthen training for them.

Key words: 
Pulmonary disease, chronic, obstructive; Community health service center; Questionnaire
Feasibility study of ECG-triggered non-contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance venography of lower extremities
Authors: Chuan-chen Zhang, Jin-fa Xu, Jun Chen, Yu-jin Di
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Twelve healthy volunteers underwent ECG-triggered non-contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance venography (NCE-MRV) of lower extremities on a 1.5T MR scanner. Image quality was assessed quantitatively and qualitatively with a 17-segment model. ECG-triggered (NCE-MRV) was successfully performed in all patients. Mean signal to noise ratio and contrast to noise ratio of lower extremities were 66±23 and 53±22 respectively. Excellent and good image qualities were achieved in 62% and 31% of all segments respectively without non-evaluable segment. Thus ECG-triggered NCE-MRV of lower extremities is feasible with reliable image quality.


Key words: 
Phlebography; Magnetic resonance imaging
应用腹腔镜行重度肥胖症手术治疗六例
Authors: 罗琪, 刘晓东, 吴绍峰, 张颂恩
Journal: BMJ (2008)

肥胖是营养物质过剩导致体内脂肪堆积复杂的慢性疾病.它可引起高血压、2型糖尿病、冠心病、脂肪肝、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征等并发症,严重影响肥胖患者的生存时间和质量.我科自2006年6月至2007年1月对6例重度肥胖症患者行腹腔镜下手术治疗,疗效显著。
Detection of early-stage lung cancer by exhaled volatile organic compounds using a high-pressure photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
Authors: Mantang Qiu, Hang Li, Shushi Meng, Qingyun Li, Zuli Zhou, Jun Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

9030 Background: Exhaled breath-based test is an attractive option for cancer detection due to its non-invasive nature. Exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced in various biochemical processes and might be sensitive tumor biomarkers. Here, we reported an exploratory study to investigate the performance of exhaled VOCs for detection of early-stage lung cancer using a high-resolution high-pressure photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPPI-TOFMS). Methods: Treatment-naïve patients with pulmonary nodules who received surgery at our department and without history of cancer were enrolled. Exhaled breath samples were collected before surgery and stored in Tedla bags. A CO 2 sensor was applicated during sample collection to ensure only “alveolar air” was collected. Exhaled samples were directly detected by HPPI-TOFMS, which has a resolution &gt; 3000. Deep learning algorithm was used to build detection model based on HPPI-TOFMS data. Results: A total of 171 patients were included in this study, including 139 patients with lung cancer (114 of TNM stage I, 14 of stage II, 9 of stage III, and 2 of stage IV) and 32 patients with benign nodules. Mass spectrum peaks with m/z &lt; 500 detected by HPPI-TOFMS were retained and 32500 features were extracted from each exhaled breath samples. Based these extracted features, participants who were pathologically diagnosed as lung cancer could be discriminated from those with benign diseases with an accuracy of 96.19%, sensitivity of 96.43%, and specificity of 84.38%. Discrimination of lung cancer patients with lymph node metastasis (n = 12) from those without lymph node metastasis (n = 127) had an accuracy of 83.23%. Conclusions: Exhaled VOCs as detected by a high-resolution HPPI-TOFMS might be sensitive biomarkers for detection of early-stage lung cancer.
Mechanosensing through YAP controls T cell activation and metabolism
Authors: Kevin P. Meng, Fatemeh S. Majedi, Timothy J. Thauland, Manish J. Butte
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)

Upon immunogenic challenge, lymph nodes become mechanically stiff as immune cells activate and proliferate within their encapsulated environments, and with resolution, they reestablish a soft baseline state. Here we show that sensing these mechanical changes in the microenvironment requires the mechanosensor YAP. YAP is induced upon activation and suppresses metabolic reprogramming of effector T cells. Unlike in other cell types in which YAP promotes proliferation, YAP in T cells suppresses proliferation in a stiffness-dependent manner by directly restricting the translocation of NFAT1 into the nucleus. YAP slows T cell responses in systemic viral infections and retards effector T cells in autoimmune diabetes. Our work reveals a paradigm whereby tissue mechanics fine-tune adaptive immune responses in health and disease.
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for immune checkpoint inhibitor induced–colitis (IMC) refractory to immunosuppressive therapy.
Authors: Yinghong Wang, Weijie Ma, Hamzah Abu-Sbeih, Zhi-Dong Jiang, Herbert L. DuPont
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

3067 Background: ICIs are efficacious treatment for several advanced malignancies. IMC can limit their use, and can be refractory to medical treatment (immunosuppression) with significant morbidity. Gut microbiome alteration affects IMC development. We sought FMT as a novel therapy for IMC refractory to immunosuppressive therapy. Methods: 15 patients who received FMT for IMC after failure of immunosuppressive therapy were included (6/2017-1/2020). FMT was performed via colonoscopy with healthy donor’s stool. Results: Median age was 55 years with 67% males. 5 patients received PD(L)-1, one CTLA-4 and 9 on combination. Majority had genitourinary cancers followed by melanoma. Median time from ICI to IMC was 75 days. 14 patients had grade 3-4 diarrhea and 9 had grade 3-4 colitis. Endoscopy showed mucosal inflammation in 12 patients and normal mucosa in 3 patients. IMC was refractory to 2-3 doses of infliximab or vedolizumab after corticosteroids prior to FMT. Median time from IMC onset to FMT was 75 days. 13 patients received one . 11 patients achieved clinical response within 10 days of FMT (7-14). Symptom remission was maintained for a median follow-up of 13 months. 6 patients resumed non ICI cancer treatments after FMT. 4 patients had persistent symptoms; 2 continued on vedolizumab, 1 had total colectomy, and 1 transferred to hospice. 4-8 weeks after FMT, endoscopic remission was achieved in 64% of the 11 patients who responded to FMT. No adverse events were reported. Conclusions: FMT treatment was successful in 73% of patients with for IMC refractory to immunosuppressive therapy. Controlled clinical trials are warranted to confirm our conclusion. [Table: see text]
Treatment strategies for thymic carcinoma in a real-life setting: Insights from the rythmic network.
Authors: Nicolas Girard, Arthur Petat, Eric Dansin, Calcagno Fabien, Laurent Greillier, Eric Pichon, Mallorie Kerjouan, Christelle Clément Duchene, Bertrand Mennecier, Virginie Westeel, Francois Thillays, Xavier Quantin, Marylise Ginoux, Youssef Oulkhouir, Luc Thiberville, Charles Ricordel, Thierry Molina, Pierre Fournel, Laurence Bigay-Game, Benjamin Besse
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

9072 Background: Thymic carcinomas are an aggressive and difficult to treat subset of thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) that represent a heterogeneous group of rare intrathoracic malignancies. Most of the current knowledge and guidelines tumors rely on surgically-oriented databases focusing on early-stage disease, and small prospective, single-arm trials conducted in metastatic thymic carcinomas, mostly in a refractory, late-line setting. “Réseau tumeurs THYMiques et Cancer” (RYTHMIC) is the nationwide network for TETs in France. The management of any patient has to be systematically discussed on a real-time basis at a national multidisciplinary tumor board; a database is hosted by the French Thoracic Cancer Intergroup (IFCT). Methods: We took advantage of the RYTHMIC prospective database to describe baseline characteristics, analyze treatment strategies, and provide landmark outcomes in a cohort of consecutive patients with thymic carcinoma. The inclusion period was January 2012 to April 2017. Results: A total of 213 patients were analyzed. Overall, 60 (28%) patients were considered as surgical candidates upfront, 91 (43%) received primary chemotherapy, and 62 (29%) received exclusive chemotherapy. Median OS was 49.2 months (IC95%: 34.8-63.6); OS was significantly longer in patients with a lower stage at diagnosis (p &lt; 0.001), who were operated on upfront, as opposed to patients who received primary or exclusive chemotherapy (p &lt; 0.001). Surgery, conducted upfront or after primary chemotherapy, was significantly associated with more prolonged OS (p &lt; 0.001); complete resection and postoperative radiotherapy were also predictors of better outcome (p = 0.018 and p = 0.081, respectively). Exclusive chemotherapy was delivered to 62 patients with advanced disease, who all received platinum-based regimen as first-line treatment; PAC regimen was delivered to 66% of patients. Best objective response to first-line chemotherapy was partial response in 33 (53%) patients. Median PFS was 8.0 months (IC95%: 5.0-11.1). Median OS was 32.9 months (IC95%: 20.6-45.1). Response to first-line chemotherapy and squamous histology were the only significant predictors of OS (p = 0.002 and p = 0.040, respectively). Conclusions: Our cohort is the first to analyze in depth outcomes and treatment strategies in a prospective cohort of consecutive patients with thymic carcinoma. While we confirm the major prognostic impact of surgery, our data highlight the need for optimized multidisciplinary management and innovative therapies as the survival of patients remains limited.
Abstract 03: High Neighborhood Incarceration Rate is Associated With Poor Cardiovascular Risk Profiles in Non-incarcerated Black Individual
Authors: Matthew L Topel, Heval M Kelli, Dustin A Staloch, Kareem H Mohammed, Pratik B Sandesara, Ayman Samman Tahhan, Gregory S Martin, Arshed A Quyyumi
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Over 7 million Americans are current or former prisoners. Blacks are imprisoned at rates 4 to 10 times greater than Whites. While personal incarceration history is associated with greater all-cause mortality and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), the impact of high neighborhood rates of incarceration on CVD risk in non-incarcerated individuals is unknown. Hypothesis: High neighborhood incarceration rate, defined as the upper quartile, is associated with poor individual CVD risk profile. Methods: A total of 1368 subjects from the Atlanta area (mean age 49 ± 10 years, 62% female [n=850], 41% Black [n=560]) were recruited from two community cohorts. Zip codes were used to link neighborhood incarceration and crime rates to individual pooled risk scores (ASCVD), risk factors for CVD including hypertension, dyslipidemia and impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and biomarkers including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results: High neighborhood incarceration rate was associated with high ASCVD risk score (OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.02, 1.95), hypertension (OR=1.48, 95% CI=1.05, 2.07) and dyslipidemia (OR=1.45, 95% CI=1.04, 2.04), after controlling for relevant demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral covariates. Tests for interaction with race were significant: Black individuals living in areas with high incarceration rates were more likely to have hypertension (OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.03, 2.58), dyslipidemia (OR=1.80, 95% CI=1.15, 2.83), IFG (OR=1.77, 95% CI=1.04, 3.03), and elevated HOMA-IR (OR=2.04, 95% CI=1.20, 3.47); Whites were more likely to have an elevated hsCRP (OR=1.81, 95% CI=1.02, 3.22). Conclusions: In conclusion, high neighborhood incarceration rate is associated with a worse CVD risk profile; this effect was more pronounced in Blacks. Neighborhood exposure to increased incarceration rates, particularly in Black communities, represents an additional health disparity that warrants further investigation.
Clinical analysis on 826 cases of vitiligo
Authors: Ying-qiu Bao, Yu Fu, Jian-min Chang
Journal: BMJ (2009)

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 826 cases with vitiligo treated in Beijing Hospital from 1998 to 2008. Most of patients present vitiligo in early age;20. 6% patients had positive family history. There were 44. 12 %, 41.18% and 10. 00 % of patients with vitiligo in their first, second and third degree relatives, respectively. Patients with family history had an earlier onset than those without a family history ( t = 1.97, P < 0. 05 ). Vitiligo vulgaris was found in 91.40 % patients. The most common affected site was head and face (31.5%) ;8. 1% of the patients was associated with other autoimmune diseases, including thyroid diseases, diabetes. There were more females than males in patients aged below 14. The child patients were more likely to present with Koebner' sign and halo nevus than the elder ones (P<0.05).

Key words: 
Vitiligo; Factor analysis,statistical