tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy, Toxicity and Targets for Adoptive Cellular Therapy in Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Junaid Tariq, Awais Ijaz, Muhammad Asad Fraz, Ali Younas Khan, Nadia Carenina Nunes Cavalcante Parr, Muhammad Jahanzeb Khalil, Arveen Asghar, Seren Durer, Ceren Durer, Malik Qistas Ahmad, Chaudhry Saad Sohail, Mustafa Nadeem Malik, Faiz Anwer
Journal: Blood (2018)
British-American translators
Authors: Samantha Chan
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The United Kingdom is separated from north America by the Atlantic Ocean, but with modern air travel, perhaps the ocean is the least of the barriers between them. As George Bernard Shaw put it, “England and America are two countries separated by a common language.”

Jeremy Smith, a Brit who lives in the United States, has compiled“The American-British British-American dictionary” (www.peak.org/~jeremy/dictionary/dictionary), which he suggests is designed “for English Speaking[sic] People.” The page is split into frames-the top one translates from American to British English, and the bottom does the …
Students supply fish to stop malaria
Authors: Sanjit Bagchi
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Indian medical students are distributing fish in an attempt to reduce malaria cases. Gambusia fish feed on mosquito larvae and are being handed out by more than 300 students in West Bengal.

The students are also encouraging people to fill or drain water sources in fields to reduce risk of malaria, as this is often where mosquitoes lay eggs. …
Blood and Justice
Authors: Ellen Welch
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Millions of blood donations are collected every year and are used in nearly every specialty of medicine to save countless lives. It is taken for granted that blood will be there for us to use when we need itas a doctor treating a patient, or as a patient in need ourselves. It has taken several centuries of research and discovery for blood transfusion to function as effectively as it does today.

Pete Moores Blood and Justice delves into …
Detection of Invasive Aspergillosis in Critically Ill Patients with Influenza: The Role of Plasma Galactomannan
Authors: Kirsten van de Groep, Diana M. Verboom, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Pieter-Jan A. Haas, Tom van der Poll, Marcus J. Schultz, Marc J. M. Bonten, Olaf L. Cremer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2019)
Doctors are leaving the UK
Authors: Samena Chaudhry
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Doctors may want to work abroad for many reasons ranging from a desire for adventure to missionary fervour; or from scientific curiosity to a desire for greater practical experience. However, a recent paper in the BMJ indicates that dissatisfaction with the UK system is one of the main driving forces behind British doctors' desire to move overseas ( BMJ 2004;329:1263).

In the study, of the 65% of junior doctors who did not intend to study medicine in the United Kingdom, two fifths cited UK working conditions as the main reason for wanting to leave--they wanted to stick with medicine but practice abroad. Two thirds gave reasons related to lifestyle choices. This was in contrast with the doctors who intended to leave medicine altogether, where three quarters stated a reason related to working conditions in the United Kingdom.

Michael Goldacre, one of the authors of the study, is a member …
GMC wins right to discriminate against disabled student
Authors: Anna Ellis
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A young disabled student has lost the right to take the General Medical Council to an employment tribunal, following their decision that the learning outcomes required of doctors at the point of graduation could not be modified for individual students.

In December 2000 Heidi Cox initially won the right to pursue a case against the GMC under the Disability Discrimination Act 1995. The GMC appealed that decision and won last week, on the grounds that it is not a trade organisation but a qualifying body and therefore exempt from the act.

Heidi Cox, who is 28 and a wheelchair user, won a place to study medicine at …
Saving Faces: portraits by Mark Gilbert
Authors: Kiran Somani
Journal: BMJ (2002)

National Portrait Gallery, London, 27 February until 21 April 2002, open daily 10 am to 6 pm and until 9 pm on Thursday and Friday, admission free

Leeds City Art Gallery, JulyAugust 2002

Royal Albert Memorial Museum, Exeter, SeptemberOctober 2002

www.npg.org.uk

One million people in the United Kingdom incur facial injuries each year. Some people have cancer affecting the mouth; many are born with facial disfigurement. Some require corrective surgery.



The surgeon, the artist, and the portrait



Some of the images in Saving Faces are unsettling: they offer an insight …
Into the Silent Land: Travels in Neuropsychology
Authors: Maryam Naeem
Journal: BMJ (2004)

“Why does raw meat give me a hard on?” begins Broks's collection of “neurogothic” tales, Into the Silent Land . Having been hailed as the new Oliver Sacks, Broks has produced a captivating collection of case studies and ruminations based on his experience as a clinical neuropsychologist. There is Michael who is left emotionally overcharged after a fall from a tree. His girlfriend Amy tells Broks, “He'll talk to strangers in the street, …
Abstract 19890: Female Sex is Independently Associated to Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction and Worse Myocardial Reperfusion After Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Authors: Valeria Raparelli, Marco Proietti, Giulio F Romiti, Filippo Toriello, Nicolò Sperduti, Giuseppe Santangelo, Giacomo Visioli, Enrico Mangieri, Gaetano Tanzilli, Andrea Lenzi, Stefania Basili
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Improvements in ischemic heart disease (IHD) management have been unbalanced between sexes. Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a putative reason for worse outcomes in women. ...
Presenting to a clinical audience
Authors: Andrew J Diver
Journal: BMJ (2005)

WWW.PHOTOS.COM The ability to deliver an effective presentation is an essential skill for any medical student or junior doctor. Students may be asked to present a verbal clinical summary of a patient they have just seen, or on what they have learnt from a clinical attachment or elective. Here are my tips. These tips are applicable to any form of presentation to a clinical audience from one to 100 in number:
Naming novel prokaryotic taxa discovered in the human gut
Authors: Aharon Oren
Journal: Gut (2019)

In their recent paper on ‘Antibiotics-induced monodominance of a novel gut bacterial order’,1 Hildebrand et al  described metagenomic studies of the human gut following antibiotics intake. They proposed six new prokaryotic taxa: the families Erisaceae, Discordiaceae and Comantemaea, the order Comantemales, the genus Borkfalki and the species B. ceftriaxensis . Except for the first two families, these names refer to yet-uncultivated taxa. For the other names, the authors added superscript ‘U’ for ‘uncultivated’, rather than naming Candidatus taxa as customary.2 

Nomenclature of bacteria and archaea is regulated by the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP).3 Its Appendix 11 provides information about the provisional status Candidatus. Regrettably, all names proposed by Hildebrand et al are problematic as they …
Doctors should be tested for alcohol and drugs
Authors: Kay Brennan
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Doctors should be tested for alcohol and drugs Kay Brennan University of Westminster, London Medical students have voted to recommend that doctors and other health professionals should be subject to random alcohol and drug testing at work.

The medical students, attending a conference of the BMA's Medical Student Committee (MSC), strongly believed that those who deliver direct patient care should not be exempt from spot checks for alcohol and drugs, which are routine for many other occupations including the police force and …
Students prefer neither prosection or dissection
Authors: Suneeta Kochhar
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Medical and dental students do not prefer learning anatomy with prosections compared to dissection, say researchers from Guy's, King's, and St Thomas's School of Medicine, London, in a study published in Clinical Anatomy (2003; 16:165-172). Dental students, however, find prosection more useful than medical students. Above all, both groups of students found …
Association of Self-Reported Sleep and Circadian Measures With Glycemia in Adults With Prediabetes or Recently Diagnosed Untreated Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Babak Mokhlesi, Karla A. Temple, Ashley H. Tjaden, Sharon L. Edelstein, Kristina M. Utzschneider, Kristen J. Nadeau, Tamara S. Hannon, Susan Sam, Elena Barengolts, Shalini Manchanda, David A. Ehrmann, Eve Van Cauter, David A. Ehrmann, Karla A. Temple, Abby Rue, Elena Barengolts, Babak Mokhlesi, Eve Van Cauter, Susan Sam, M. Annette Miller, Steven E. Kahn, Karen M. Atkinson, Jerry P. Palmer, Kristina M. Utzschneider, Tsige Gebremedhin, Abigail Kernan-Schloss, Alexandra Kozedub, Brenda K. Montgomery, Emily J. Morse, Kieren J. Mather, Tammy Garrett, Tamara S. Hannon, Amale Lteif, Aniket Patel, Robin Chisholm, Karen Moore, Vivian Pirics, Linda Pratt, Kristen J. Nadeau, Susan Gross, Philip S. Zeitler, Jayne Williams, Melanie Cree-Green, Yesenia Garcia Reyes, Krista Vissat, Silva A. Arslanian, Kathleen Brown, Nancy Guerra, Kristin Porter, Sonia Caprio, Mary Savoye, Bridget Pierpont, Thomas A. Buchanan, Anny H. Xiang, Enrique Trigo, Elizabeth Beale, Fadi N. Hendee, Namir Katkhouda, Krishan Nayak, Mayra Martinez, Cortney Montgomery, Xinhui Wang, Sharon L. Edelstein, John M. Lachin, Ashley Hogan Tjaden, Santica Marcovina, Jessica Harting, John Albers, Dave Hill, Peter J. Savage, Ellen W. Leschek
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

OBJECTIVE Sleep disturbances and circadian misalignment (social jet lag, late chronotype, or shift work) have been associated with worse glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Whether these findings apply to adults with prediabetes is yet unexplored. We hypothesized that self-reported short sleep, poor sleep quality, and/or circadian misalignment are associated with higher glycemia, BMI, and blood pressure (BP) in adults with prediabetes or recently diagnosed, untreated T2D. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Our cohort included 962 overweight/obese adults ages 20–65 years with prediabetes or recently diagnosed, untreated T2D who completed a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test and validated sleep questionnaires. Independent associations of sleep and circadian variables with glycemia, BMI, and BP were evaluated with regression models. RESULTS The multiethnic cohort was 55% men, with mean ± SD age 52.2 ± 9.5 years and BMI 34.7 ± 5.5 kg/m2. Mean sleep duration was 6.6 ± 1.3 h. Poor sleep quality was reported by 54% and high risk for obstructive sleep apnea by 64%. HbA1c was significantly higher in those reporting &amp;lt;5 or &amp;gt;8 h sleep per night. Sleep duration &amp;gt;8 h was also associated with higher fasting glucose and &amp;lt;6 h with higher BMI. Shift work was also associated with higher BMI. Social jet lag and delayed chronotype were associated with higher BP. CONCLUSIONS In our cohort, self-reported short and long sleep were both associated with adverse measures of glycemia, and short sleep and shift work were associated with higher BMI. Further research using objective measures of sleep is needed to better delineate the relationship between sleep and glycemia in adults with prediabetes or T2D.
Azithromycin during Acute Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations Requiring Hospitalization (BACE). A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Trial
Authors: Kristina Vermeersch, Maria Gabrovska, Joseph Aumann, Ingel K. Demedts, Jean-Louis Corhay, Eric Marchand, Hans Slabbynck, Christel Haenebalcke, Michiel Haerens, Shane Hanon, Paul Jordens, Rudi Peché, Antoine Fremault, Tine Lauwerier, Anja Delporte, Bert Vandenberk, Rik Willems, Stephanie Everaerts, Ann Belmans, Kris Bogaerts, Geert M. Verleden, Thierry Troosters, Vincent Ninane, Guy G. Brusselle, Wim Janssens
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2019)

Rationale: Azithromycin prevents acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPDs); however, its value in the treatment of an AECOPD requiring hospitalization remains to be defined.Objectives: We investigated whether a 3-month intervention with low-dose azithromycin could decrease treatment failure (TF) when initiated at hospital admission and added to standard care.Methods: In an investigator-initiated, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, patients who had been hospitalized for an AECOPD and had a smoking history of ≥10 pack-years and one or more exacerbations in the previous year were randomized (1:1) within 48 hours of hospital admission to azithromycin or placebo. The study drug (500 mg/d for 3 d) was administered on top of a standardized acute treatment of systemic corticosteroids and antibiotics, and subsequently continued for 3 months (250 mg/2 d). The patients were followed for 6 months thereafter. Time-to-first-event analyses evaluated the TF rate within 3 months as a novel primary endpoint in the intention-to-treat population, with TF defined as the composite of treatment intensification with systemic corticosteroids and/or antibiotics, a step-up in hospital care or readmission for respiratory reasons, or all-cause mortality.Measurements and Main Results: A total of 301 patients were randomized to azithromycin (n = 147) or placebo (n = 154). The TF rate within 3 months was 49% in the azithromycin group and 60% in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.53–1.01; P = 0.0526). Treatment intensification, step-up in hospital care, and mortality rates within 3 months were 47% versus 60% (P = 0.0272), 13% versus 28% (P = 0.0024), and 2% versus 4% (P = 0.5075) in the azithromycin and placebo groups, respectively. Clinical benefits were lost 6 months after withdrawal.Conclusions: Three months of azithromycin for an infectious AECOPD requiring hospitalization may significantly reduce TF during the highest-risk period. Prolonged treatment seems to be necessary to maintain clinical benefits.
Absence of full-length dystrophin impairs normal maturation and contraction of cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: J Manuel Pioner, Xuan Guan, Jordan M Klaiman, Alice W Racca, Lil Pabon, Veronica Muskheli, Jesse Macadangdang, Cecilia Ferrantini, Michael R Hoopmann, Robert L Moritz, Deok-Ho Kim, Chiara Tesi, Corrado Poggesi, Charles E Murry, Martin K Childers, David L Mack, Michael Regnier
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2019)

Abstract Aims Heart failure invariably affects patients with various forms of muscular dystrophy (MD), but the onset and molecular sequelae of altered structure and function resulting from full-length dystrophin (Dp427) deficiency in MD heart tissue are poorly understood. To better understand the role of dystrophin in cardiomyocyte development and the earliest phase of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) cardiomyopathy, we studied human cardiomyocytes differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs) obtained from the urine of a DMD patient. Methods and results The contractile properties of patient-specific hiPSC-CMs, with no detectable dystrophin (DMD-CMs with a deletion of exon 50), were compared to CMs containing a CRISPR-Cas9 mediated deletion of a single G base at position 263 of the dystrophin gene (c.263delG-CMs) isogenic to the parental line of hiPSC-CMs from a healthy individual. We hypothesized that the absence of a dystrophin-actin linkage would adversely affect myofibril and cardiomyocyte structure and function. Cardiomyocyte maturation was driven by culturing long-term (80–100 days) on a nanopatterned surface, which resulted in hiPSC-CMs with adult-like dimensions and aligned myofibrils. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that lack of Dp427 results in reduced myofibril contractile tension, slower relaxation kinetics, and to Ca2+ handling abnormalities, similar to DMD cells, suggesting either retarded or altered maturation of cardiomyocyte structures associated with these functions. This study offers new insights into the functional consequences of Dp427 deficiency at an early stage of cardiomyocyte development in both patient-derived and CRISPR-generated models of dystrophin deficiency.
A guide to medical etiquette: psychiatry
Authors: David McAllister
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Psychiatrists are not like other doctors. You can tell this straight away when they talk about postmodernism. If an orthopaedic surgeon even said postmodernism, none of their colleagues would trust them again. You as a medical student have to learn to cope with this altogether different world within a short time. Here are some guidelines to help you adjust.

1.  Avoid guidelines. Psychiatrists don't like guidelines (too modernist). Whenever you use a guideline, make …
Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms—An Emerging Crisis of the Alzheimer Dementia Epidemic
Authors: Brent P. Forester, Ipsit Vahia
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

Ismaeel Yunusa, PharmD; Adnan Alsumali, PhD; Asabe E. Garba, MPH; Quentin R. Regestein, MD; Tewodros Eguale, MD, PhD
Association of Maternal Neurodevelopmental Risk Alleles With Early-Life Exposures
Authors: Beate Leppert, Alexandra Havdahl, Lucy Riglin, Hannah J. Jones, Jie Zheng, George Davey Smith, Kate Tilling, Anita Thapar, Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud, Evie Stergiakouli
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2019)

Early-life exposures, such as prenatal maternal lifestyle, illnesses, nutritional deficiencies, toxin levels, and adverse birth events, have long been considered potential risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. However, maternal genetic factors could be confounding the association between early-life exposures and neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring, which makes inferring a causal relationship problematic.
Binge working is bad for health and family life
Authors: Richard Hurley
Journal: BMJ (2005)

NICK DALY/PHOTONICA



Overworking has negative health effects, contributes to unhealthy lifestyles, and has a detrimental effect on family life and performance at work, a UK charity's survey has found. And previous research has shown that women are worse affected because their jobs tend to be lower status and they are more likely to have responsibility for bringing up children.

Working Families' recent survey of 646 working parents found that 56% work more than 40 hours a week, even though only a fifth is contracted to do so. Parents who work longer hours reported higher stress levels, which manifested as …
Mechanisms of human prostate cancer invasion: Basement membrane degradation and basal cell layer disruption
Authors: Qing-Xiang Amy Sang, Yun-Ge Zhao, Yan-Gao Man
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

4689   The epithelium of normal and pre-invasive human prostate tissue is physically separated from the stroma by both the basement membrane and the basal cell layer. Physical or functional disruptions of these two layers are pre-requisite for tumor progression from in situ to invasive tumor. The basement membrane layer may be degraded by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and other proteases. MMP-26/endometase/matrilysin-2 is specifically expressed in human prostate cancer carcinoma and prostatitis tissues, it promotes the activation of pro-gelatinase B/MMP-9 and cancer cell invasion through type IV collagen and fibronectin. A putative mechanism for basal cell layer disruptions and human prostate tumor invasion has been investigated. To assess the potential correlation between focal basal cell layer disruptions and leukocyte infiltration, serial sections of normal (n=5) and tumor (n=50) prostate tissues were double immunostained for cytokeratin 34 betaE12, leukocyte common antigen, and Ki-67. Among 2,047 acini and ducts examined, 201 (9.8%) were found to contain focal basal cell layer disruptions. Of those, 183 (91%) were with leukocyte infiltration, compared to 67 (33.3%) in 201 morphologically similar counterparts with intact basal cell layers. Leukocytes were generally located at or near the disruptions. Focal prostate basal cell layer disruptions and leukocyte infiltration are correlated events. Basal cell layers surrounded by or subjacent to leukocytes were generally attenuated or fragmented. Cells overlying focal basal cell layer disruptions often showed distinct changes in the cell size, nuclear shape, cell density, and polarity, compared to those away from disruptions. A vast majority of the proliferating cells were located at or near basal cell layer disruptions. These findings suggest that leukocytes and inflammation might contribute to basal cell layer disruptions, basement membrane degradation, and tumor cell proliferation and invasion. Supported by grants from DOD DAMD17-02-1-0238 and NIH CA78646 to Q-XS; DOD grants DAMD17-01-1-0129 and DAMD17-01-1-0130 to YGM; and the FSU Research Foundation to Q-XS and Y-G Z.
UK postgraduate education: all change
Authors: Adam Poole
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Junior doctors' training in the United Kingdom is changing. New arrangements will affect current medical students, but will it make them better doctors? Adam Poole explains Modernising Medical Careers , the British government's statement on reforming postgraduate medical training, was published in February 2003 (www.doh.gov.uk/shoconsult/shoconsultresponse.pdf). It sets out permanent changes to the grades of preregistration and senior house officer (PRHO and SHO), which will affect every doctor in the United Kingdom when the changes are fully implemented in 2004. An intercollegiate working party has almost finished devising a new curriculum, and the first pilot scheme is due to begin this August. But outside the corridors of power and postgraduate deaneries, not much is known about new look postgraduate training. A recent survey of over 300 medical students showed that 86% didn't know about the substance of the changes. The title for the consultation preceding Modernising Medical Careers was “Unfinished Business,” which set out by its very name the background to the problem. No one really doubted the need for reforms, especially as changes to the specialist registrar grade in the late 1990s were largely popular. SHO posts are universally criticised for being enormously variable. Some entail lots of protected teaching time, others none at all. Some allow study leave for preparing for college exams, and others don't. The quality of the “product” is therefore extremely unpredictable. Changes to postgraduate medical education in the United Kingdom ### A new two year foundation programme ### Redefining “core” skills
Oncologic Outcomes Following Partial Nephrectomy and Percutaneous Ablation for cT1 Renal Masses
Authors: Jack R. Andrews, Thomas Atwell, Grant Schmit, Christine M. Lohse, A. Nicholas Kurup, Adam Weisbrod, Matthew R. Callstrom, John C. Cheville, Stephen A. Boorjian, Bradley C. Leibovich, R. Houston Thompson
Journal: European Urology (2019)