tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A novel artificial intelligence biomarker: Validation of the automated bone scan index (aBSI) in veterans with metastatic prostate cancer.
Authors: Vipal P. Durkal, Nicholas George Nickols, Matthew Rettig
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e17507 Background: Prostate cancer commonly metastasizes to the bone and is associated with reduced survival, pathologic fractures and bone pain. The assessment of bone lesions is made with the technetium Tc99m(99mTc) bone scan, which relies on the subjective interpretation of radiologists and has a wide interobserver variability. There is an unmet need for a more objective and quantifiable measurement tool. Progenics Pharmaceuticals has introduced an automated bone scan index (aBSI), which employs artificial intelligence to quantify skeletal tumor burden. The automated bone scan index has been prospectively validated and is reproducible in large Phase III studies. The aBSI was validated by our study in the Veteran population at the West LA VA Medical Center. Methods: The first positive technetium 99 Tc99m bone scans of veterans diagnosed with metastatic, castration-sensitive prostate cancer were evaluated. Since 2011, a total of 107 evaluable patient bone scans were studied (n = 107). Patients with visceral metastases were excluded to evaluate only those with skeletal metastases. An automated bone scan index (aBSI) was generated for each scan using the Progenics Pharmaceuticals’ artificial intelligence platform. Multivariate analysis of aBSI with overall survival, prostate cancer specific survival, time from diagnosis to first positive bone scan, age at diagnosis, ethnicity, and Gleason score was assessed. Results: The study demonstrated a wide range of aBSI values (Range 0-16.84). Values calculated above the Median aBSI value (1.0) were prognostic for Overall Survival (p = 0.0009) and Prostate Cancer-Specific Survival (p = 0.0011). Patients in the highest quartile of aBSI values (range 5.2-16.84) showed a statistically significant Prostate Cancer-Specific Mortality (p = 0.0300) when compared to the lowest two quartiles (Range 0-1.07). The time from diagnosis to the first positive Tc99m bone scan statistically correlated with aBSI values (p = 0.0016). Multivariate analysis using Cox regression was utilized in the final statistical analysis of prostate cancer-specific mortality and overall survival. Conclusions: The automated Bone Scan Index provides a quantifiable and validated artificial intelligence biomarker to address an unmet need among metastatic prostate cancer patients. This tool was validated among Veterans, a pertinent population that is commonly affected by metastatic prostate cancer.
Efficacy of left atrial appendage closure in stroke prevention for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Mingzhong Zhao
Journal: BMJ (2016)

心房颤动(房颤)的最大危害是引起卒中或血栓栓塞事件，临床上常以抗凝药物，包括华法林或新型口服抗凝药物来有效降低血栓栓塞事件，但药物治疗有增加出血的风险。基于非瓣膜性房颤患者90%的血栓是来自左心耳，近年有些临床研究显示，左心耳封堵术(LAAC)可用于卒中风险高危、不能耐受华法林治疗或不愿长期口服抗凝药物的房颤患者的治疗，不仅能减少卒中、体循环栓塞与心血管死亡复合事件，而且在降低心血管死亡与全因死亡事件方面较口服华法林有更优的结局。但LAAC的远期预后、与新型口服抗凝药物的比较以及在国人房颤患者的应用经验仍需进一步研究。
血液灌流联合换血疗法抢救重度甲胺磷中毒五例
Authors: 邓国华, 段美华, 蔡素梅
Journal: BMJ (2011)

甲胺磷是剧毒有机磷农药之一,口服后病情进展迅速,来势凶猛,如不及时抢救,死亡率极高.2007年5月至2010年8月,我科共收治5例甲胺磷中毒患者,在使用解毒剂基础上,采用血液灌流联合换血疗法,均救治成功.1.临床资料:5例中男2例,女3例,年龄20～63岁,平均(41±16)岁。
并非都是冠心病
Authors: 曾昭耆
Journal: BMJ (2006)

一位52岁的女士,胸骨后烧灼感逐渐加重近3个月,自己怀疑为冠心病,且医生也拟诊冠心病而将她收入某心脏病专科医院病房.经心内科做了详细的全面检查,未发现异常,故认为是神经官能症,嘱其出院.其后症状未见减轻,3个月后,出现吞咽时疼痛加剧的现象.又去另一家医院诊视,经食管镜检查,发现为食管癌,已溃破,继发化学性纵隔炎。
Molecular characterization and prognostic analysis of non-small cell lung cancer: A single centric real-world study.
Authors: Hongbin Zhang, Yuan Wang, Qiaoxia Ji, Hongmei Cai, Xiangcun Liang, Jiong Xie, Hua Li, Jun Wang, Guiyun Zhu, Erpeng Tian, Lingling Zhu, Mingming Yuan, Kai Wang, Rongrong Chen, Min Zhao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e21646 Background: Identifying targetable genetic variants may help maximize clinical benefit of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we retrospectively analyzed the benefit of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for NSCLC in routine clinical practice. Methods: A total of 59 NSCLC patients were enrolled in the study from Jun. 2018 to Dec. 2019. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues samples were collected and sequenced by NGS, which detects single-nucleotide variants, small insertions/deletions, rearrangements, and copy-number alterations of either 59 or 1021 tumor related genes. The tumor response was evaluated using RECIST v1.1. Results: The detection rate of targetable variants was 59.32% (35/59), including EGFR mutation 49.15% (29/59), ALK rearrangement 5.08% (3/59), ROS1 rearrangement 1.69% (1/59), BRAF V600E mutation 1.69% (1/59), and ERBB2 mutation 1.69% (1/59). Of 29 patients with EGFR mutations, 5 patients (17.24%) had multiple EGFR mutations, including 2 patients (6.89%) with uncommon mutations. 25patients (86.21%) harbored concurrent mutations that may limit the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs, including EGFR amplification, activation of bypass signaling pathways, TP53 exon8 mutation, BCL2L11 deletion polymorphism, and PI3K-AKT-mTOR and cell cycle gene alterations. Among 25 patients received EGFR-TKIs, TKI effectiveness was evaluated in 18 patients. The disease control rate was 100% and overall response rate was 27.78%. The proportion of patients with TMB-H and/or PD-L1≥1, and targetable variants negative was 33.89% (20/59). Only one patient of this group received immunotherapy with pembrolizumab and achieved SD at the 2 nd month. The proportion of patients with targetable variants negative, TMB-L, and PD-L1 &lt; 1 or unknow patients was 6.78% (4/59), two patients of them left hospital without additional treatment, two patients received chemotherapy and the KRAS mutation present in one of them suggested that he might be resistant to EGFR-TKIs. Conclusions: More than half of NSCLC patients have targetable genetic variants and more than 30% patients have a molecular signature that can be treated with immunotherapy. Compared with immunotherapy, targeted therapy has higher acceptability in real-world. NGS-based genetic testing may have clinical value to predict the effectiveness of targeted therapy and immunotherapy. It can be widely implemented and standardized into clinical use.
Efficacy of TCM Bufei Yishen method for patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presenting lung-kidney deficiency
Authors: Guihua Xu, Wei Zhang, Miaoyan Shi
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of TCM Bufei Yishen method combined with conventional western medicine for patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presenting lung-kidney deficiency.


Methods
Sixty six COPD patients with lung-kidney deficiency admitted from January 2014 to December 2015 were randomly divided into Bufei Yishen (BY) group (n=34) and control group (n=32). Patients in control group treated with conventional western medicine and those in BY group were treated with TCM Bufei Yishen recipe combined with conventional western medicine. The pulmonary function and COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score were evaluated before and after treatment, and after 3 month-following up.


Results
In BY group the pulmonary function parameters FEV1 and FEV1/FVC after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment (69.91±8.15 vs. 51.56 ± 8.33, t=4.435, P< 0.01; 57.33 ± 9.86 vs. 49.89 ± 8.89, t=3.526, P<0.05, respectively); the FEV1 and FEV1/FVC after 3-momth follow up were significantly higher than those before treatment (65.68±9.54 vs. 51.56±8.33, t=3.993, P<0.05; 59.08±8.49 vs. 49.89±8.89, t=3.668, P<0.05, respectively). In control group the FEV1 and FEV1/FVC after 3-momth follow up were significantly higher than those before treatment (63.94±8.76 vs. 50.98±8.08, t=4.475, P<0.05; 59.12±9.55 vs. 50.35±9.06, t=3.614, P<0.05, respectively). The pulmonary function parameters FEV1 of BY group was significantly better than that of control group (69.91±8.15 vs. 62.02±8.91, t=3.745, P<0.05) after 3-months of follow-up. After treatment, the CAT score in both group was decreased (BY group: 27.35±2.93 vs. 30.36±3.19, t=3.548, P<0.05; control group: 29.06±2.67 vs. 30.51±2.99, t=1.832, P<0.05); however, the CAT score was decreased more markedly in BY group than that in control group (t=2.658, P<0.05).


Conclusion
TCM Bufei Yishen method combined with conventional western medicine can improve the pulmonary function and quality of life of patients with stable COPD presenting lung-kidney deficiency.


Key words: 
Pulmonary disease, Chronic obstructive; Respiratory function tests; Quality of life
Prospective, longitudinal digital activity monitoring before and after treatment of low-risk oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A feasibility study.
Authors: Gary Brandon Gunn, Renata Ferrarotto, Faye M. Johnson, Diana Bell, Richard Cardoso, Jason Michael Johnson, M. Laura Rubin, Ying Yuan, Steven J. Frank, Clifton David Fuller, David Ira Rosenthal, Michael Elliot Kupferman, Ryan Goepfert, Amy Clark Hessel, Kate A. Hutcheson, Neil D. Gross
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

6578 Background: Given the expected excellent prognosis of low-risk oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), consideration of long-term toxicity and functional outcomes has become increasingly important. Activity monitors (e.g. FITBIT) are imperfect but have been shown to have reasonable validity in healthy adults. Here we aimed to test the feasibility of using medical grade longitudinal digital activity monitoring to better define objective functional outcomes after treatment of low-risk OPSCC. Methods: This prospective, observational parallel cohort study included patients with previously untreated stage I-III (AJCC 7) OPSCC eligible for standard of care single-modality treatment with either Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy (IMPT) or TransOral Robotic Surgery (TORS). Objective Actigraph accelerometer data (Actigraph, Pensacola, FL) were collected continuously for 1 week at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment along with subjective patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures. Results: Forty-four patients (34M, 10F) enrolled with median age 59 years (range: 42-78). Baseline, 3 and 6 month activity data were available for 40 patients (91%): 16 IMPT and 24 TORS. There was a significant decrease in mean percent of day performing moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (-0.78, 0.021) mean number of steps/minute (-1.1, p = 0.035), and mean kcals/day (-115.9, p &lt; 0.001) from baseline to 3 months after treatment for the overall cohort. A significant decrease in mean kcals/day (-82.2, p = 0.004) persisted for the overall cohort at 6 months with no significant difference between groups. Conclusions: Longitudinal digital activity monitoring is feasible before and after treatment of low-risk OPSCC. This approach may offer objective functional endpoints for future de-escalation trials. Similar short-term decreases in objective activity measurements were observed after IMPT and TORS. Long-term (12 month) activity data and correlations to subjective PRO measures will be available at the time of presentation. Clinical trial information: 02663583 .
Osteoclast-like giant cell tumors of the pancreas: Clinical characteristics, genetic testing, and treatment modalities.
Authors: Benjamin Edward Ueberroth, Alex John Liu, Rondell P. Graham, Mohamad Bassam Sonbol, Thorvardur Ragnar Halfdanarson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e16752 Background: Undifferentiated osteoclast-like giant cell carcinoma of the pancreas is an aggressive malignancy only described by a few case reports in the literature. In this study, we sought to better characterize this entity by examining patients seen at Mayo Clinic. Methods: This study identified patients with osteoclast-like giant cell carcinoma of the pancreas using Mayo Clinic databases (MN, AZ, FL) from the year 2000 to present. Patient demographics, genetic data, and treatment modalities were reviewed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate median overall survival (mOS) for the cohort as well as mOS and mPFS for treatment subgroups. Results: 15 patients were identified (9 female, 6 male). Median age at diagnosis was 59 years and mOS for all patients was 11.0 mos (95% CI 6.2-15.7 mos). 3 patients (20%) had metastatic disease at diagnosis with the liver being the most common site (n = 3). Metastatic disease was associated with significantly shorter OS (3.5 vs. 14.1 mos, p = 0.005; HR 7.98 [95% CI 1.43-44.4]) compared to locoregional disease (LRD). 4 patients underwent genetic testing. The most common mutation was CDKN2A (n = 3), followed by TP53 (n = 2) and KRAS (n = 2). 13/15 patients had detailed follow-up information. 6/7 patients undergoing chemotherapy received a gemcitabine-based regimen as first line: with capecitabine (n = 2), with nab-paclitaxel (n = 2), or as monotherapy (n = 2). 1 patient received FOLFIRINOX. In patients with LRD and adequate follow-up (n = 11), 8/11 underwent surgical resection and had longer OS compared to those without resection (17.0 vs. 8.4 mos, p = 0.09). No surgical patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. 5/8 received adjuvant chemotherapy, 2 did not undergo chemotherapy, and 1 was lost to follow-up after surgery. PFS from time of surgery was 15.3mos (95% CI 5.0-25.6mos). 6 patients (40%) were alive at time of analysis; all 6 underwent surgical resection. Conclusions: Osteoclast-like giant cell carcinoma of the pancreas is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis, even when diagnosed at an early stage. OS for patients of all stages in this study was less than 1 year suggesting prognosis may be even worse than that of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The optimal therapy remains unknown but most patients received similar chemotherapy as in adenocarcinoma. Patients with LRD amenable to surgical resection experienced a PFS over 1 year from surgery, possibly associated with OS benefit, however overall prognosis is poor. Further study is warranted on a larger scale to better understand disease course and treatment options.
Perinatal outcomes of 658 twins
Authors: 孔丽君, 黄醒华
Journal: BMJ (2007)

目的 探讨双胎儿围产结局.方法 回顾性分析658例双胎儿的临床资料,比较不同双胎类型、分娩方式、孕周及两胎儿分娩间隔时间对双胎儿预后的影响,合并双胎妊娠特有合并症(发育不同一、双胎输血综合征)者的预后.结果 单卵双胎围产儿病死率为53.69‰(16/298),高于双卵双胎的27.11‰(9/332;U=2.35,P＜0.05).无论胎位如何,剖宫产儿各项合并症的发生率低于阴道分娩儿.两胎儿分娩间隔≤15 min者进入新生儿重症监护室和新生儿窒息的发生率为50.0%(34/68)与10.3%(7/68),较＞15 min者低[64.3%(18/28)与21.4%(6/28),P均＞0.05)].合并双胎发育不同一的围产儿病死率高:单卵双胎时双胎发育不同一与发育同一者相比为14.3%(6/42)与1.2%(3/256)(χ2=16.944,P＜0.01);双卵双胎时为12.5%(2/16)与0.6%(2/316)(精确概率检验,P＜0.05).合并双胎输血综合征者胎死宫内和新生儿窒息的发生率(均为21.4%,3/14)高于无该并发症者[分别为1.7%,(11/644)和3.0%(19/644)](精确概率检验,P＜0.01).结论 应尽早确定双胎类型,加强单卵双胎的产前保健;警惕双胎特有合并症,及早治疗。
Social epistemic actions
Authors: Giovanni Pezzulo, Laura Barca, Domenico Maisto, Francesco Donnarumma
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2020)

We consider the ways humans engage in social epistemic actions, to guide each other's attention, prediction, and learning processes towards salient information, at the timescale of online social interaction and joint action. This parallels the active guidance of other's attention, prediction, and learning processes at the longer timescale of niche construction and cultural practices, as discussed in the target article.
Efficacy and safety of duloxetine versus sertraline for Chinese depression patients: a meta-analysis
Authors: Keyang Chen, Songfang Chen, Hanjin Huang
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Objective
To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of duloxetine and sertraline for Chinese depression patients.


Methods
The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy and safety of duloxetine and sertraline in the treatment of depression were retrieved from databases and the quality of literature was evaluated. Meta-analysis was performed with the software Revman 5.2.


Results
Eighteen RCTs involving 1 557 Chinese depression patients were included. The results of Meta-analysis showed that there were no significant differences in efficacy and cure rate between duloxetine and sertraline groups (OR=1.28, 95%CI: 0.94-1.73, P=0.11; OR=1.25, 95%CI: 0.97-1.62, P=0.09, respectively). The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores were significantly lower in duloxetine group than those in sertraline group at 1, 2 weeks after treatment; however, there were no significant differences at 8-weeks after treatment between duloxetine and sertraline groups. The score of Medical Outcomes Study Pain Measures (MOSPM) in duloxetine group was significantly lower than that in sertraline group (P 0.05).


Conclusions
Duloxetine has similar long term treatment effect as sertraline, but it has a rapid-action profile. Duloxetine is more effective than sertraline in depression with painful physical symptoms; besides, duloxetine is less likely to induce insomnia.


Key words: 
Duloxetine; Sertraline; Depression; Randomized controlled trial; Meta-analysis
Prevalence and associated factors of diabetic retinopathy in Beijing, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: 崔晶, 任继平, 陈东宁, 信中, 袁明霞, 徐婕, 游启生, 杨金奎
Journal: BMJ (2020)

目的
对中国北京一个包含17 985人的人群进行糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）患病率及危险因素的调查。


研究设计
横断面研究。


研究地点
医院。


研究对象
来自中国北京的17 985人。


主要和次要结局指标
对2010年7月至2011年3月北京市昌平区常驻居民及2014年3月至2015年2月在北京同仁医院接受常规体检的人群进行横断面调查。由眼科专业医生进行眼底的检查及结果判读。同时收集病史、身高、体重、体质指数（BMI）、血压。所有参试者均接受常规实验室检查。


结果
总人群DR患病率为1.5%，糖尿病人群中DR患病率为8.1%。糖尿病人群中有视网膜病变者与无病变者比较，具有更长的病程，更高的收缩压（SBP）,更高的空腹血糖（FPG），男性中尿酸水平（UA）更高，女性中则UA水平更低（P<0.05）。多因素分析提示糖尿病人群中DR的独立危险因素为病程（P<0.001）、FPG（P<0.001）、BMI（P=0.046）、SBP（P=0.012）、肌酐清除率（CCR，P=0.014）及UA（P=0.018）。


结论
糖尿病人群中DR患病率为8.1%。DR的独立危险因素为病程、FPG、BMI、SBP、CCR及UA。
Perspectives on healthcare providers’ role in health promotion among cancer survivors.
Authors: Karina I. Halilova, Nataliya V. Ivankova, Laura Q. Rogers, Maria Pisu, Fontaine R. Kevin, Michelle Y. Martin, Ivan I. Herbey, Lieu Thompson, Colleen V. Anusiewicz, Dorothy Pekmezi, Robert A. Oster, Yu-Mei M. Schoenberger-Godwin, Wendy Demark-Wahnefried
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e24037 Background: To further integrate health promotion into cancer survivorship care, we explored multilevel perspectives on potential roles healthcare providers could have in promoting uptake of web-based healthy lifestyle programs among cancer survivors. Methods: In developing the Aim, Plan, and Act on Lifestyles (AMPLIFY) Survivor Health diet and exercise web-based program, we conducted 10 focus groups with 57 cancer survivors and 27 individual semi-structured interviews with stakeholders representing advocacy groups (e.g., cancer survivorship support foundations; n = 8), cancer organizations (e.g., industry, health system; n = 11), and survivors’ supportive partners (n = 8). Verbatim transcripts were analyzed by multiple coders using inductive thematic analysis with NVivo 12. Results: Survivors (49% female; 40% African-American, mean age 63.7 years) and stakeholders (60% female) stated that healthcare provider and health system recommendation and support are vital for ensuring acceptance and use of web-based healthy lifestyle programs by cancer survivors. Survivors expressed that physician’s (e.g., oncologist, other physician) recommendation and support would motivate them to join and participate. Supportive partners also endorsed the importance of provider recommendations and the key role of health system support (e.g., reminders in doctor’s office, hospitals, web-based portal, and endorsement from cancer centers). Advocacy group representatives underscored the importance of data-driven support for the effects of such programs as critical for promotion. Moreover, technology supported continuous cancer care (e.g., physician communication and feedback) were seen as critical for sustained participation. Stakeholders from cancer organizations suggested survivors in need could be identified and referred during assessments in various cancer care clinics. This group also emphasized the need to integrate evidence-based healthy lifestyle recommendations into continuing medical education, medical board certifications, support and referrals into existing standard of cancer care, and to involve other key stakeholders and larger scale health systems in promotion. Conclusions: Healthcare providers and health systems have important roles in promoting and sustaining participation in web-based healthy lifestyle programs among cancer survivors. Further work developing, testing, and refining strategies to enhance their role in promoting the acceptability and uptake of healthy lifestyle programs by cancer survivors are needed.
A case of hereditary angioedema misdiagnosed for eleven years
Authors: Zhen Liu
Journal: BMJ (2016)

遗传性血管性水肿又名补体第一成分抑制因子(C1INH)缺乏症，是一种罕见疾病，当其所致血管性水肿累及腹部时，表现为反复发作腹痛伴恶心、呕吐症状，患者常常由于急性腹部症状就诊。临床医师多对该病认识不足，本文通过报道1例C1INH缺乏症患者的临床特征及诊治过程，加强临床医师对该病的认识。
Clinical analysis of patients with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome
Authors: Wen Xie
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Objective To analyze clinical features of patients with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS).Methods Clinical manifestations,response to treatment and prognosis of 89 cases with eosinophilia hospitalized at Peking Union Medical College Hospital(PUMCH)during the past nine years were analyzed retrospectively,including four cases conformed with the diagnostic criteria for EMS set by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the US.Results Infection,tumor and other diseases that could cause increased eosinophil count were excluded in all but four cases,with all female,average age of 48.8 years,and mean count of eosinophil of 42.75 percent of blood cells.Multi-organs and systems were involved in the patients,with the most common clinical manifestations of myalgia,skin rash,joint swelling,arthralgias,respiratory symptoms and paresthesia.Patients responded well to prednisone at acute phase of illness,but prognosis was poor as severe pulmonary hypertension occurred.Occurrence of EMS closely associated with environmental factors and special attention should be paid to patient's history of medication and diet in its diagnosis.Conclusion EMS is characterized by the increasing of eosinophils and myalgia,while multi-organs and systems were involved.Glucocorticoid plays an important role in the treatment at acute phase of illness.

Key words: 
Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome;  Signs and symptoms; Therapy; Prognosis
Hyperosmolar salt solution in treatment of cerebral edema after severe craniocerebral injury
Authors: Zhiqiang Zhu, Dong Xu, Yulei Gu, Hui Pei
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Clinical data of 93 patients with severe craniocerebral injury admitted in the Emergency Intensive Care Unit (EICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from September 2016 to September 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Forty six patients received 10% hypertonic salt solution 60 ml (hypertonic salt group) and 47 patients received 20% mannitol 125 ml (mannitol group) for relieving early postoperation cerebral edema. The changes of intracranial pressure, central venous pressure, heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), urine volume and serum sodium level at 2, 4 and 6 h after dehydrating agents were compared between two groups. There were no significant differences in the intracranial pressure, central venous pressure, heart rate and urine volume between two groups at 2, 4 and 6 h after the first dehydration treatment (all P>0.05). The MAP values of the two groups were (88±11) and (80±10), (85±10) and (78±9), (79±12) and (73±13) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) at 2, 4 and 6 h after the first dehydration treatment; and the serum sodium levels were (145±5) and (136±4), (144±6) and (133±5), (140±5) and (135±4) mmol/L, respectively. There were significant differences between two groups (all P<0.05). It is suggested that hypertonic salt can reduce intracranial pressure and increase cerebral perfusion better than mannitol in severe craniocerebral injury.


Key words: 
Craniocerebral trauma; Intracranial hypertension; Saline solution, hypertonic; Comparative effectiveness research