tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparing the regeneration potential between PLLA/Aragonite and PLLA/Vaterite pearl composite scaffolds in rabbit radius segmental bone defects
Authors: Qianli Huang, Yuansheng Liu, Zhengxiao Ouyang, Qingling Feng
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2020)

Mussel-derived nacre and pearl, which are natural composites composed CaCO3 platelets and interplatelet organic matrix, have recently gained interest due to their osteogenic potential. The crystal form of CaCO3 could be either aragonite or vaterite depending on the characteristics of mineralization template within pearls. So far, little attention has been paid on the different osteogenic capacities between aragonite and vaterite pearl. In the current work, aragonite or vaterite pearl powders were incorporated into poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) scaffold as bio-functional fillers for enhanced osteogenesis. In intro results revealed that PLLA/aragonite scaffold possessed stronger stimulatory effect on SaOS-2 cell proliferation and differentiation, evidenced by the enhanced cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen synthesis and gene expressions of osteogenic markers including osteocalcin, osteopotin and bone sialoprotein. The bone regeneration potential of various scaffolds was evaluated in vivo employing a rabbit critical-sized radial bone defect model. The X-ray and micro-CT results showed that significant bone regeneration and bridging were achieved in defects implanted with composite scaffolds, while less bone formation and non-bridging were found for pure PLLA group. Histological evaluation using Masson's trichrome and hematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining indicated a typical endochondral bone formation process conducted at defect sites treated with composite scaffolds. Through three-point bending test, the limbs implanted with PLLA/aragonite scaffold were found to bear significantly higher bending load compared to other two groups. Together, it is suggested that aragonite pearl has superior osteogenic capacity over vaterite pearl and PLLA/aragonite scaffold can be employed as a potential bone graft for bone regeneration.
Association of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep With Mortality in Middle-aged and Older Adults
Authors: Eileen B. Leary, Kathleen T. Watson, Sonia Ancoli-Israel, Susan Redline, Kristine Yaffe, Laurel A. Ravelo, Paul E. Peppard, James Zou, Steven N. Goodman, Emmanuel Mignot, Katie L. Stone
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has been linked with health outcomes, but little is known about the relationship between REM sleep and mortality. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate whether REM sleep is associated with greater risk of mortality in 2 independent cohorts and to explore whether another sleep stage could be driving the findings. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This multicenter population-based cross-sectional study used data from the Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men (MrOS) Sleep Study and Wisconsin Sleep Cohort (WSC). MrOS participants were recruited from December 2003 to March 2005, and WSC began in 1988. MrOS and WSC participants who had REM sleep and mortality data were included. Analysis began May 2018 and ended December 2019. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> All-cause and cause-specific mortality confirmed with death certificates. <h3>Results</h3> The MrOS cohort included 2675 individuals (2675 men [100%]; mean [SD] age, 76.3 [5.5] years) and was followed up for a median (interquartile range) of 12.1 (7.8-13.2) years. The WSC cohort included 1386 individuals (753 men [54.3%]; mean [SD] age, 51.5 [8.5] years) and was followed up for a median (interquartile range) of 20.8 (17.9-22.4) years. MrOS participants had a 13% higher mortality rate for every 5% reduction in REM sleep (percentage REM sleep SD = 6.6%) after adjusting for multiple demographic, sleep, and health covariates (age-adjusted hazard ratio, 1.12; fully adjusted hazard ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.08-1.19). Results were similar for cardiovascular and other causes of death. Possible threshold effects were seen on the Kaplan-Meier curves, particularly for cancer; individuals with less than 15% REM sleep had a higher mortality rate compared with individuals with 15% or more for each mortality outcome with odds ratios ranging from 1.20 to 1.35. Findings were replicated in the WSC cohort despite younger age, inclusion of women, and longer follow-up (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.03-1.34). A random forest model identified REM sleep as the most important sleep stage associated with survival. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Decreased percentage REM sleep was associated with greater risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and other noncancer-related mortality in 2 independent cohorts.
miR-21 antagonism abrogates Th17 tumor promoting functions in multiple myeloma
Authors: Marco Rossi, Emanuela Altomare, Cirino Botta, Maria Eugenia Gallo Cantafio, Sarai Sarvide, Daniele Caracciolo, Caterina Riillo, Marco Gaspari, Domenico Taverna, Francesco Conforti, Paola Critelli, Bernardo Bertucci, Michelangelo Iannone, Nicoletta Polerà, Domenica Scumaci, Mariamena Arbitrio, Nicola Amodio, Maria Teresa Di Martino, Bruno Paiva, Pierosandro Tagliaferri, Pierfrancesco Tassone
Journal: Leukemia (2020)
Staphylococcus epidermidis protease EcpA can be a deleterious component of the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Laura Cau, Michael R. Williams, Anna M. Butcher, Teruaki Nakatsuji, Jeffrey S. Kavanaugh, Joyce Y. Cheng, Faiza Shafiq, Kyle Higbee, Tissa R. Hata, Alexander R. Horswill, Richard L. Gallo
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2020)
Short Bowel Syndrome: A Paradigm for Intestinal Adaptation to Nutrition?
Authors: Johanne Le Beyec, Lore Billiauws, André Bado, Francisca Joly, Maude Le Gall
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2020)

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare disease that results from extensive resection of the intestine. When the remaining absorption surface of the intestine cannot absorb enough macronutrients, micronutrients, and water, SBS results in intestinal failure (IF). Patients with SBS who suffer from IF require parenteral nutrition for survival, but long-term parenteral nutrition may lead to complications such as catheter sepsis and metabolic diseases. Spontaneous intestinal adaptation occurs weeks to months after resection, resulting in hyperplasia of the remnant gut, modification of gut hormone levels, dysbiosis, and hyperphagia. Oral nutrition and presence of the colon are two major positive drivers for this adaptation. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying spontaneous intestinal adaptation, particularly in response to modifications of luminal content, including nutrients. In the future, dietary manipulations could be used to treat SBS.
Analysis of endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition at the single cell level identifies cell cycle regulation as a driver of differentiation
Authors: Giovanni Canu, Emmanouil Athanasiadis, Rodrigo A. Grandy, Jose Garcia-Bernardo, Paulina M. Strzelecka, Ludovic Vallier, Daniel Ortmann, Ana Cvejic
Journal: Genome biology (2020)

Abstract Background Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) first arise during development in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region of the embryo from a population of haemogenic endothelial cells which undergo endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition (EHT). Despite the progress achieved in recent years, the molecular mechanisms driving EHT are still poorly understood, especially in human where the AGM region is not easily accessible. Results In this study, we take advantage of a human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) differentiation system and single-cell transcriptomics to recapitulate EHT in vitro and uncover mechanisms by which the haemogenic endothelium generates early haematopoietic cells. We show that most of the endothelial cells reside in a quiescent state and progress to the haematopoietic fate within a defined time window, within which they need to re-enter into the cell cycle. If cell cycle is blocked, haemogenic endothelial cells lose their EHT potential and adopt a non-haemogenic identity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CDK4/6 and CDK1 play a key role not only in the transition but also in allowing haematopoietic progenitors to establish their full differentiation potential. Conclusion We propose a direct link between the molecular machineries that control cell cycle progression and EHT.
Renal safety of a single dose of gentamicin in patients with sepsis in the emergency department
Authors: M. Cobussen, M.B. Haeseker, J. Stoffers, V.H.M. Wanrooij, P.H.M. Savelkoul, P.M. Stassen
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2020)

To determine the effect of a single dose of gentamicin on the incidence and persistence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with sepsis in the emergency department (ED).
Annals Graphic Medicine - Dr. Mom: D-Dimer
Authors: Grace E. Farris
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Web Exclusives7 July 2020Annals Graphic Medicine - Dr. Mom: D-DimerFREEGrace E. Farris, MDGrace E. Farris, MDMount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York (G.E.F.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/G20-0061 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Download figure Download PowerPoint Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York (G.E.F.)Disclosures: The author has disclosed no conflicts of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=G18-0042.Author/Illustrator Information: Grace E. Farris, MD, is an assistant professor of medicine at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and chief of hospital medicine at Mount Sinai West hospital in New York, New York. You can view her work at her Web site: www.farrisgrace.com.About Dr. Mom: In Dr. Mom, physician and cartoonist Grace Farris examines work–life balance while mothering and doctoring. Dr. Mom appears monthly in Annals Graphic Medicine at Annals.org. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 7 July 2020Volume 173, Issue 1Page: W1-W2KeywordsConflicts of interestD-dimerDisclosureHospital medicineHospitalists ePublished: 7 July 2020 Issue Published: 7 July 2020 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2020 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Self-reported loss of smell without nasal obstruction to identify COVID-19. The multicenter Coranosmia cohort study
Authors: Dominique Salmon Ceron, Sophie Bartier, Charlotte Hautefort, Yann Nguyen, Jérôme Nevoux, Anne-Laure Hamel, Yohan Camhi, Florence Canouï-Poitrine, Benjamin Verillaud, Dorsaf Slama, Stephanie Haim-Boukobza, Elise Sourdeau, Delphine Cantin, Alain Corré, Agnes Bryn, Nicolas Etienne, Flore Rozenberg, Richard Layese, Jean-François Papon, Emilie Bequignon
Journal: Journal of Infection (2020)
A Multicohort Open-label Phase II Trial of Bipolar Androgen Therapy in Men with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (RESTORE): A Comparison of Post-abiraterone Versus Post-enzalutamide Cohorts
Authors: Mark C. Markowski, Hao Wang, Rana Sullivan, Irina Rifkind, Victoria Sinibaldi, Michael T. Schweizer, Benjamin A. Teply, Nduku Ngomba, Wei Fu, Michael A. Carducci, Channing J. Paller, Catherine H. Marshall, Mario A. Eisenberger, Jun Luo, Emmanuel S. Antonarakis, Samuel R. Denmeade
Journal: European Urology (2020)
Follicular Thyroid Cancer With Nose-Tip Metastasis and 131I Uptake
Authors: Shan-Fan Yao, Chiang-Hsuan Lee, Chuang-Hsin Chiu, Yu-Ming Fan, Wen-Sheng Huang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract We present a 56-year-old woman with metastatic follicular thyroid cancer at the nose tip with 131 I uptake that is clinically rare, mimicking physiological uptake in the nose, a common finding seen after routine 131 I therapeutic imaging. The lesion revealed a metastatic follicular thyroid cancer with 131 I uptake and response to 131 I therapy. Surgical removal, however, was not performed due to cosmetic and functional considerations. Active surveillance is warranted owing to its relative aggressiveness in nature.
Is tenofovir and entecavir combination therapy still the optimal treatment for chronic hepatitis B patients with prior suboptimal response?
Authors: Byoung Kuk Jang
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2020)

See the Original "Entecavir+tenofovir vs. lamivudine/telbivudine+adefovir in chronic hepatitis B patients with prior suboptimal response" on page 352.
Similarities between COVID-19 and anti-MDA5 syndrome: what can we learn for better care?
Authors: Margherita Giannini, Mickael Ohana, Benoit Nespola, Giovanni Zanframundo, Bernard Geny, Alain Meyer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

As yet, no direct-acting antiviral drugs have demonstrated efficacy in the disease. In contrast, increasing evidence indicates an immune-mediated pathophysiology that is paving the way for the evaluation of immunomodulation strategies [2]. In support of this view, we would like to highlight the striking similarities between COVID-19 and a rare autoimmune disease: the anti-MDA5-syndrome. Similarities between COVID-19 and anti-MDA5 syndrome support further evaluation of employing an immunomodulatory strategy in COVID-19 <https://bit.ly/3dN6lJ8> We thank Pragnell Babette for her English support.
MicroRNA-181 regulates the development of Ossification of Posterior longitudinal ligament via Epigenetic Modulation by targeting PBX1
Authors: Ning Liu, Zicheng Zhang, Li Li, Xiaolong Shen, Baifeng Sun, Ruizhe Wang, Huajian Zhong, Qianghui Shi, Leixin Wei, Yizhi Zhang, Yue Wang, Chen Xu, Yang Liu, Wen Yuan
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Objectives: Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) presents as the development of heterotopic ossification in the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. The etiology of OPLL is genetically linked, as shown by its high prevalence in Asian populations. However, the molecular mechanism of the disease remains obscure. In this study, we explored the function and mechanism of OPLL-specific microRNAs. Methods: The expression levels of the ossification-related OPLL-specific miR-181 family were measured in normal or OPLL ligament tissues. The effect of miR-181a on the ossification of normal or pathogenic ligament cells was tested using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot, alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. The candidate targets of miR-181 were screened using a dual luciferase reporter assay and functional analysis. The link between miR-181a and its target PBX1 was investigated using chromatin immunoprecipitation, followed by real-time PCR detection. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis as well as micro-CT scanning were used to evaluate the effects of miR-181 and its antagonist using both tip-toe-walking OPLL mice and in vivo bone formation assays. Results: Using bioinformatic analysis, we found that miR-181a-5p is predicted to play important roles in the development of OPLL. Overexpression of miR-181a-5p significantly increased the expression of ossification-related genes, staining level of alizarin red and ALP activity, while the inhibition of miR-181a-5p by treatment with an antagomir had the opposite effects. Functional analysis identified PBX1 as a direct target of miR-181a-5p, and we determined that PBX1 was responsible for miR-181a-5p's osteogenic phenotype. By chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we found that miR-181a-5p controls ligament cell ossification by regulating PBX1-mediated modulation of histone methylation and acetylation levels in the promoter region of osteogenesis-related genes. Additionally, using an in vivo model, we confirmed that miR-181a-5p can substantially increase the bone formation ability of posterior ligament cells and cause increased osteophyte formation in the cervical spine of tip-toe-walking mice. Conclusions: Our data unveiled the mechanism by which the miR-181a-5p/PBX1 axis functions in the development of OPLL, and it revealed the therapeutic effects of the miR-181a-5p antagomir in preventing OPLL development both in vivo and in vitro. Our work is the first to demonstrate that microRNA perturbation could modulate the development of OPLL through epigenetic regulation.
Comment on Limbic Hyperactivity in Response to Emotionally Neutral Stimuli in Schizophrenia: A Neuroimaging Meta-Analysis of the Hypervigilant Mind
Authors: Roberta Rasetti, Qiang Chen, Daniel R. Weinberger
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2020)

example, we have recently found that a particular EEG connectivity method can reveal resting-state fMRI-like network structure (3), distinguish response to an antidepressant medication and placebo when assessed prior to treatment (4), and provide rich data to support robust individual-level treatment prediction through machine learning (5).Indeed, given the use of radioactivity and the higher cost (relative to EEG) of positron emission tomography or single-photon emission computed tomography, as advocated for by Henderson et al., EEG may ultimately prove to be the ideal tool for real-world applications.Nonetheless, unless the way we ask and answer questions using any form of neuroimaging changes, it is my position that little is likely to change in terms of either mechanistic insight or creation of diagnostics ready for clinical care.
Treatment with Commonly Used Antiretroviral Drugs Induces a Type I/III Interferon Signature in the Gut in the Absence of HIV Infection
Authors: Sean M. Hughes, Claire N. Levy, Fernanda L. Calienes, Joanne D. Stekler, Urvashi Pandey, Lucia Vojtech, Alicia R. Berard, Kenzie Birse, Laura Noël-Romas, Brian Richardson, Jackelyn B. Golden, Michael Cartwright, Ann C. Collier, Claire E. Stevens, Marcel E. Curlin, Timothy H. Holtz, Nelly Mugo, Elizabeth Irungu, Elly Katabira, Timothy Muwonge, Javier R. Lama, Jared M. Baeten, Adam Burgener, Jairam R. Lingappa, M. Juliana McElrath, Romel Mackelprang, Ian McGowan, Ross D. Cranston, Mark J. Cameron, Florian Hladik
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2020)

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) are used for HIV treatment and prevention. Previously, we found that topical rectal tenofovir gel caused immunological changes in the mucosa. Here, we assess the effect of oral TDF/FTC in three HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis trials, two with gastrointestinal and one with cervicovaginal biopsies. TDF/FTC induces type I/III interferon-related (IFN I/III) genes in the gastrointestinal tract, but not blood, with strong correlations between the two independent rectal biopsy groups (Spearman r = 0.91) and between the rectum and duodenum (r = 0.81). Gene set testing also indicates stimulation of the type I/III pathways in the ectocervix and of cellular proliferation in the duodenum. mRNA sequencing, digital droplet PCR, proteomics, and immunofluorescence confirm IFN I/III pathway stimulation in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, oral TDF/FTC stimulates an IFN I/III signature throughout the gut, which could increase antiviral efficacy but also cause chronic immune activation in HIV prevention and treatment settings.
Abortion: US Supreme Court strikes down Louisiana’s restrictive law
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Widespread efforts by Republican leaning US states to limit abortion by requiring providers to meet unusually onerous standards seemed to run out of road this week, as the Supreme Court struck down a Louisiana law that required abortion providers to obtain admitting privileges at nearby hospitals.1

The ruling followed the court’s own precedent in striking down an almost identical Texas law in 2016. But abortion opponents had hoped for a different result, based on the court’s recent ideological shift to the right. President Trump has appointed two of its judges, creating what is widely seen as a …
Questions on a Randomized Clinical Trial of Stellate Ganglion Block for Patients With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Murray B. Stein
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Mixed Sparsely Granulated Lactotroph and Densely Granulated Somatotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor Expands the Spectrum of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms in Ovarian Teratomas: the Role of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Cell Lineage Biomarkers
Authors: Anjelica Hodgson, Sara Pakbaz, Caroline Shenouda, Julie-Ann Francis, Ozgur Mete
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2020)
Targeting leukocidin-mediated immune evasion protects mice from <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> bacteremia
Authors: Kayan Tam, Keenan A. Lacey, Joseph C. Devlin, Maryaline Coffre, Alexis Sommerfield, Rita Chan, Aidan O’Malley, Sergei B. Koralov, P’ng Loke, Victor J. Torres
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)

Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for various diseases in humans, and recurrent infections are commonly observed. S. aureus produces an array of bicomponent pore-forming toxins that target and kill leukocytes, known collectively as the leukocidins. The contribution of these leukocidins to impair the development of anti–S. aureus adaptive immunity and facilitate reinfection is unclear. Using a murine model of recurrent bacteremia, we demonstrate that infection with a leukocidin mutant results in increased levels of anti–S. aureus antibodies compared with mice infected with the WT parental strain, indicating that leukocidins negatively impact the generation of anti–S. aureus antibodies in vivo. We hypothesized that neutralizing leukocidin-mediated immune subversion by vaccination may shift this host-pathogen interaction in favor of the host. Leukocidin-immunized mice produce potent leukocidin-neutralizing antibodies and robust Th1 and Th17 responses, which collectively protect against bloodstream infections. Altogether, these results demonstrate that blocking leukocidin-mediated immune evasion can promote host protection against S. aureus bloodstream infection.
FGF21 Signals to Glutamatergic Neurons in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus to Suppress Carbohydrate Intake
Authors: Sharon O. Jensen-Cody, Kyle H. Flippo, Kristin E. Claflin, Yavuz Yavuz, Sarah A. Sapouckey, Grant C. Walters, Yuriy M. Usachev, Deniz Atasoy, Matthew P. Gillum, Matthew J. Potthoff
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2020)
Clinical recurrences of COVID-19 symptoms after recovery: Viral relapse, reinfection or inflammatory rebound?
Authors: Marie Gousseff, Pauline Penot, Laure Gallay, Dominique Batisse, Nicolas Benech, Kevin Bouiller, Rocco Collarino, Anne Conrad, Dorsaf Slama, Cédric Joseph, Adrien Lemaignen, François-Xavier Lescure, Bruno Levy, Matthieu Mahevas, Bruno Pozzetto, Nicolas Vignier, Benjamin Wyplosz, Dominique Salmon, Francois Goehringer, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers
Journal: Journal of Infection (2020)