tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Response to: ‘Understanding bone fragility: theoretical explanation to non-physician health professionals’ by Sugiyama
Authors: Jo Adams, Nicky Wilson, Tanja A Stamm
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

We thank the author for his favourable and supportive comments 1 on our article. 2 We are pleased that our paper has highlighted the specific role that non-physician health professionals can play in the prevention and management of fragility fractures in people age 50 years or over and thank the author for adding theoretical explanations to support understanding of these roles.We agree that the impact of some treatments to reduce skeletal fragility are lost after discontinuation and recognise the need for non-physician health professionals to encourage and support patients at high risk of fragility fracture in self-management and long-term behavioural change to optimise bone health, for example, adhering to antiosteoporosis medicines regimens.Effective behavioural change interventions that support patients to engage with and continue moderate intensity physical activity (and also high intensity exercise as appropriate) for the long term, are important components of personalised treatment regimens and offer opportunities to prevent and manage fragility fractures in people 50 years or more.
Focus on the Quality of Prostate Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Synopsis of the ESUR/ESUI Recommendations on Quality Assessment and Interpretation of Images and Radiologists’ Training
Authors: Maarten de Rooij, Bas Israël, Tristan Barrett, Francesco Giganti, Anwar R. Padhani, Valeria Panebianco, Jonathan Richenberg, Georg Salomon, Ivo G. Schoots, Geert Villeirs, Jochen Walz, Jelle O. Barentsz
Journal: European Urology (2020)
Prone Positioning in Awake, Nonintubated Patients With COVID-19 Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure
Authors: Alison E. Thompson, Benjamin L. Ranard, Ying Wei, Sanja Jelic
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

This cohort study investigates whether the prone position is associated with improved oxygenation and decreased risk for intubation in spontaneously breathing patients with severe COVID-19 hypoxemic respiratory failure.
Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections
Authors: Quan-Xin Long, Xiao-Jun Tang, Qiu-Lin Shi, Qin Li, Hai-Jun Deng, Jun Yuan, Jie-Li Hu, Wei Xu, Yong Zhang, Fa-Jin Lv, Kun Su, Fan Zhang, Jiang Gong, Bo Wu, Xia-Mao Liu, Jin-Jing Li, Jing-Fu Qiu, Juan Chen, Ai-Long Huang
Journal: Nature Medicine (2020)
FRI0431 PROFILE OF INFECTIOUS SPONDYLODISCITIS ACCORDING TO THE SITE: UNIFOCAL VERSUS MULTIFOCAL
Authors: A. Ben Tekaya, L. Ben Ammar, M. Ben Hammamia, O. Saidane, S. Bouden, R. Tekaya, I. Mahmoud, L. Abdelmoula
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: Infectious spondylodiscitis is a therapeutic emergency and is a current problem. It can affect the different levels of the spine. Multifocal forms, touching several floors, however remain rare. Objectives: To compare the clinical, biological, radiological and therapeutic aspects of unifocal versus multifocal spondylodiscitis. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 113 patients admitted to our service over a period of 20 years [1998-2018]. The diagnosis of spondylodiscitis was made on the basis of clinical, biological, radiological and bacteriological data. We have divided our population into two groups: unifocal and multifocal spondylodiscitis. Results: Spondylodiscitis was more frequently unifocal (75.2%) than multifocal (24.8%). The average age of the patients was 55.8 years. There were 62 men and 51 women. There was no difference in age and sex between the two groups (p=0.5 and p=0.8, respectively). Diabetes was more frequent in the group of multifocal spondylodiscitis but with no statistically significant difference (p=0.4). No statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the start mode (p=0.7), the schedule (p=0.3), the presence of neurological signs (p=0.7), fever (p = 0.2), impaired general condition (p=0.6) and biological inflammatory syndrome (p=0.6). Cervical and dorsal spine involvement was more common in multifocal spondylodiscitis (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01; respectively). There were 11 spondylodiscitis involving 2 floors (cervical and dorsal: 2 cases, cervical and lumbar: 3 cases, dorsal and lumbar: 6 cases) and 3 spondylodiscitis involving 3 floors. Radiologically, the presence of vertebral fracture and involvement of the posterior arch was more frequent during the multifocal form (p=0.03 and p=0.001; respectively). The frequency of para-vertebral abscesses, epiduritis and the presence of spinal cord compression were similar in the two groups (p=0.6; p=0.7 and p=0.2, respectively). Tuberculosis was more frequent during the multifocal form (p = 0.05) and brucellosis during the unifocal form (p = 0.03). Disco-vertebral biopsy was performed in 79 cases. It was more often contributory during multifocal spondylodiscitis (p = 0.03). The occurrence of immediate complications was more frequent in multifocal spondylodiscitis but with no statistically significant difference (p=0.2). Conclusion: Multifocal sppondylodiscitis is seen mainly in immunocompromised subjects. Our study found that diabetes is the most common factor in immunosuppression. Note also the predominance of involvement of the posterior elements, tuberculous origin and immediate complications. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
The Effect of Hypopnea Scoring on the Arousal Threshold in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Luke D. J. Thomson, Shane A. Landry, Rebecca Singleton, Ai-Ming Wong, Simon A. Joosten, Caroline J. Beatty, Danny J. Eckert, Atul Malhotra, Garun S. Hamilton, Bradley A. Edwards
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)

Excluding n = 20 that no longer had OSA (defined as an apnea-hypopnea index ,5/h) using the AASM 2012 Acceptable criteria.
男性と性別を持つ男性におけるHIV前曝露予防の迅速,標的化,高被覆率ロールアウトの集団レベル有効性:EPIC-NSW前向きコホート研究【JST・京大機械翻訳】
Authors: Grulich Andrew E, Guy Rebecca, Amin Janaki, Jin Fengyi, Selvey Christine, Holden Jo, Schmidt Heather-Marie A, Zablotska Iryna, Price Karen, Whittaker Bill, Chant Kerry, Cooper Craig, McGill Scott, Telfer Barbara, Yeung Barbara, Levitt Gesalit, Ogilvie Erin E, Dharan Nila J, Hammoud Mohamed A, Vaccher Stefanie, Watchirs-Smith Lucy, McNulty Anna, Smith David J, Allen Debra M, Baker David, Bloch Mark, Bopage Rohan I, Brown Katherine, Carr Andrew, Carmody Christopher J, Collins Kym L, Finlayson Robert, Foster Rosalind, Jackson Eva Y, Lewis David A, Lusk Josephine, O’Connor Catherine C, Ryder Nathan, Vlahakis Emanuel, Read Phillip, Cooper David A
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2018)
Novel technique using an echo probe cover prevents oral–fecal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during urgent colonoscopies
Authors: Noriko Nishiyama, Hideki Kobara, Naoya Tada, Takanori Matsui, Shintaro Fujihara, Akira Nishiyama, Tsutomu Masaki
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

While routine examinations are postponed during the COVID-19 pandemic, urgent therapeutic colonoscopies are mandatory for lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and colorectal ileus. SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been identified in anal/rectal swabs and stools of COVID-19 patients, even after viral clearance from the upper respiratory tract [1] [2]. Feces often overflow during colonoscopy, leading to viral dissemination. Thus, a high risk of infection is associated with colonoscopy, as well as upper GI endoscopy [3]. Reported contamination of endoscopists' face shields [4] indicates that endoscopy rooms become contaminated. A novel means of blocking patient – generated droplets is therefore required. We introduce a new precautionary technique using an echo probe cover to prevent oral–fecal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during emergency colonoscopies ([Fig. 1], [Video 1]).
Catching the intangible: a role for emotion?
Authors: Maria Montefinese, Ettore Ambrosini, Antonino Visalli, David Vinson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2020)

Abstract A crucial aspect of Gilead and colleagues’ ontology is the dichotomy between tangible and intangible representations, but the latter remains rather ill-defined. We propose a fundamental role for interoceptive experience and the statistical distribution of entities in language, especially for intangible representations, that we believe Gilead and colleagues’ ontology needs to incorporate.
Using influenza surveillance networks to estimate state-specific prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States
Authors: Justin D. Silverman, Nathaniel Hupert, Alex D. Washburne
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2020)

Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections to date has relied heavily on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing. However, limited test availability, high false-negative rates, and the existence of asymptomatic or subclinical infections have resulted in an undercounting of the true prevalence of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we show how influenza-like illness (ILI) outpatient surveillance data can be used to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2. We found a surge of non-influenza ILI above the seasonal average in March 2020 and showed that this surge correlated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case counts across states. If one-third of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the United States sought care, this ILI surge would have corresponded to more than 8.7 million new SARS-CoV-2 infections across the United States during the 3-week period from 8 to 28 March 2020. Combining excess ILI counts with the date of onset of community transmission in the United States, we also show that the early epidemic in the United States was unlikely to have been doubling slower than every 4 days. Together, these results suggest a conceptual model for the COVID-19 epidemic in the United States characterized by rapid spread across the United States with more than 80% infected individuals remaining undetected. We emphasize the importance of testing these findings with seroprevalence data and discuss the broader potential to use syndromic surveillance for early detection and understanding of emerging infectious diseases.
Response to: ‘Correspondence to “Hypersensitivity reactions with allopurinol and febuxostat: a study using the Medicare claims data’ by Ma<i>et al</i>
Authors: Jasvinder A Singh
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

We appreciate the interest and comments by Dr Ma and colleagues1 on our recent publication.2 Not surprisingly, our study results differ from their previous study.3 We agree with their point regarding the differences in the definition of the main study outcome and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes used to define them and discussed it in our paper.2 We examined the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions using two previously published validated algorithms by Strom et al and Wright et al compared with their ICD algorithms to define cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions;3 we are unable to locate the accuracy statistics of their algorithms in this publication. Differences in study findings with regard to the risk of these adverse outcomes with allopurinol and febuxostat indicate that in future studies, both types of definitions (ours and theirs) need to be examined simultaneously. This would …
FcγRII (CD32) modulates antibody clearance in NOD SCID mice leading to impaired antibody-mediated tumor cell deletion
Authors: Robert J Oldham, C Ian Mockridge, Sonya James, Patrick J Duriez, H T Claude Chan, Kerry L Cox, Vicentiu A Pitic, Martin J Glennie, Mark S Cragg
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Background Immune compromised mice are increasingly used for the preclinical development of monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Most common are non-obese diabetic (NOD) severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) and their derivatives such as NOD SCID interleukin-2 γ-/- (NSG), which are attractive hosts for patient-derived xenografts. Despite their widespread use, the relative biological performance of mAb in these strains has not been extensively studied. Methods Clinically relevant mAb of various isotypes were administered to tumor and non-tumor-bearing SCID and NOD SCID mice and the mAb clearance monitored by ELISA. Expression analysis of surface proteins in both strains was carried out by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. Further analysis was performed in vitro by surface plasmon resonance to assess mAb affinity for Fcγ receptors (FcγR) at pH 6 and pH 7.4. NOD SCID mice genetically deficient in different FcγR were used to delineate their involvement. Results Here, we show that strains on the NOD SCID background have significantly faster antibody clearance than other strains leading to reduced antitumor efficacy of clinically relevant mAb. This rapid clearance is dependent on antibody isotype, the presence of Fc glycosylation (at N297) and expression of FcγRII. Comparable effects were not seen in the parental NOD or SCID strains, demonstrating the presence of a compound defect requiring both genotypes. The absence of endogenous IgG was the key parameter transferred from the SCID as reconstituting NOD SCID or NSG mice with exogenous IgG overcame the rapid clearance and recovered antitumor efficacy. In contrast, the NOD strain was associated with reduced expression of the neonatal Fc Receptor (FcRn). We propose a novel mechanism for the rapid clearance of certain mAb isotypes in NOD SCID mouse strains, based on their interaction with FcγRII in the context of reduced FcRn. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of understanding the limitation of the mouse strain being used for preclinical evaluation, and demonstrates that NOD SCID strains of mice should be reconstituted with IgG prior to studies of mAb efficacy.
Author Correction: A practical framework and online tool for mutational signature analyses show intertissue variation and driver dependencies
Authors: Andrea Degasperi, Tauanne Dias Amarante, Jan Czarnecki, Scott Shooter, Xueqing Zou, Dominik Glodzik, Sandro Morganella, Arjun S. Nanda, Cherif Badja, Gene Koh, Sophie E. Momen, Ilias Georgakopoulos-Soares, João M. L. Dias, Jamie Young, Yasin Memari, Helen Davies, Serena Nik-Zainal
Journal: Nature Cancer (2020)
Risk for Subdeltoid Bursitis After Influenza Vaccination
Authors: Elisabeth M. Hesse, Ronald A. Navarro, Matthew F. Daley, Darios Getahun, Michelle L. Henninger, Lisa A. Jackson, James Nordin, Scott C. Olson, Ousseny Zerbo, Chengyi Zheng, Jonathan Duffy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Subdeltoid bursitis has been reported as an adverse event after intramuscular vaccination in the deltoid muscle. Most published case reports involved influenza vaccine.
Empirical Antituberculosis Therapy in Advanced HIV Disease — Too Much, Too Late
Authors: Richard E. Chaisson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Despite the extraordinary advances in treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection during the past two decades, mortality, especially in resource-limited areas, remains unacceptably high. The leading killer of persons with HIV infection in these areas is tuberculosis, which accounted for more than a quarter of a million deaths in 2018.1 Among persons with low CD4+ T-cell counts who start antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low- and middle-income countries, the risk of tuberculosis developing within 6 months after starting therapy is as high as 20%, which exacts a heavy burden in terms of suffering and death. Diagnosing tuberculosis in such patients is . . .
Post-Discharge Prophylaxis With Rivaroxaban Reduces Fatal and Major Thromboembolic Events in Medically Ill Patients
Authors: Alex C. Spyropoulos, Walter Ageno, Gregory W. Albers, C. Gregory Elliott, Jonathan L. Halperin, William R. Hiatt, Gregory A. Maynard, P. Gabriel Steg, Jeffrey I. Weitz, Wentao Lu, Theodore E. Spiro, Elliot S. Barnathan, Gary. E. Raskob
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)

Hospitalized acutely ill medical patients are at risk for fatal and major thromboembolic events. Whether use of extended-duration primary thromboprophylaxis can prevent such events is unknown.The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether extended-duration rivaroxaban reduces the risk of venous and arterial fatal and major thromboembolic events without significantly increasing major bleeding in acutely ill medical patients after discharge.MARINER (A Study of Rivaroxaban [JNJ-39039039] on the Venous Thromboembolic Risk in Post-Hospital Discharge Patients) studied acutely ill medical patients with additional risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Medically ill patients with a baseline creatinine clearance ≥50 ml/min were randomized in a double-blind fashion to rivaroxaban 10 mg or placebo daily at hospital discharge for 45 days. Exploratory efficacy analyses were performed with the intent-to-treat population including all data through day 45. Time-to-event curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. A blinded independent committee adjudicated all clinical events.In total, 4,909 patients were assigned to rivaroxaban and 4,913 patients to placebo. The mean age was 67.8 years, 55.5% were men, mean baseline creatinine clearance was 87.8 ml/min, and mean duration of hospitalization was 6.7 days. The pre-specified composite efficacy endpoint (symptomatic VTE, myocardial infarction, nonhemorrhagic stroke, and cardiovascular death) occurred in 1.28% and 1.77% of patients in the rivaroxaban and placebo groups, respectively (hazard ratio: 0.72; 95% confidence interval: 0.52 to 1.00; p = 0.049), whereas major bleeding occurred in 0.27% and 0.18% of patients in the rivaroxaban and placebo groups, respectively (hazard ratio: 1.44; 95% confidence interval: 0.62 to 3.37; p = 0.398).Extended-duration rivaroxaban in hospitalized medically ill patients resulted in a 28% reduction in fatal and major thromboembolic events without a significant increase in major bleeding. (A Study of Rivaroxaban [JNJ-39039039] on the Venous Thromboembolic Risk in Post-Hospital Discharge Patients [MARINER]; NCT02111564).
Abstract B17: An mRNA signature that accurately discerns gliomas from healthy individuals
Authors: Sachin Apurwa, Pooja Fulmali, Dadasaheb Akolkar, Darshana Patil, Sushant Pawar, Sneha Puranik, Vipul Todarwal, Akshay Ainwale, Pradip Devhare, Vineet Datta, Cynthe Sims, Ajay Srinivasan, Rajan Datar
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Diagnosis of suspected cases of gliomas such as intracranial space-occupying lesions (ICSOLs) is based on histopathologic analysis of tumor tissue obtained by invasive biopsies, which are, however, associated with risk of serious complication, high rates of mortality, procedural expenses, sequelae, and other risks. Liquid biopsy (LB)-based noninvasive approaches for diagnosis of gliomas based on circulating tumor biomarkers in peripheral blood have hence gained considerable interest. We describe the discovery of a unique 20 exosomal mRNA signature that can discern gliomas from healthy individuals. We obtained 15 mL of peripheral blood by venous draw from 222 individuals, among whom 47 had confirmed diagnosis of gliomas and 175 were asymptomatic. Exosomes were enriched from peripheral blood and were used for isolation of mRNAs. Exosomal mRNAs were used for expression analysis of 20,802 gene transcripts, including 18,574 coding genes and 2,228 noncoding genes based on University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) hg19 annotation. Differentially expressed mRNAs were analyzed using a machine learning algorithm to identify transcripts that were unique to or uniquely absent in known cases of gliomas and in healthy individuals. The machine learning algorithm identified a 20-mRNA signature that discerned gliomas from healthy individuals with high sensitivity (87%) and specificity (95%) with an overall accuracy of 94%. The differentially expressed transcripts included MST4, RARRES3, TARP, IL32, PPP3CC, RSL1D1, RSL24D1, EIF4B, ARHGEF3, DENND2D, EVL, SEC11A, RPL22L1, HIST1H1C, IRF8, SOS2, GLTSCR2, GIMAP7, HIST1H4D, and CDK11. These differentially expressed transcripts are potentially involved in various functions such as tumor suppression, protein phosphorylation-dephosphorylation, signal transduction (ligand binding), and cell cycle regulation. Our data indicate that exosomal mRNA profiling is a viable approach for discerning suspected cases of gliomas from healthy individuals. The noninvasive nature of this approach coupled with high sensitivity and specificity favor potential clinical application. Citation Format: Sachin Apurwa, Pooja Fulmali, Dadasaheb Akolkar, Darshana Patil, Sushant Pawar, Sneha Puranik, Vipul Todarwal, Akshay Ainwale, Pradip Devhare, Vineet Datta, Cynthe Sims, Ajay Srinivasan, Rajan Datar. An mRNA signature that accurately discerns gliomas from healthy individuals [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Liquid Biopsies; Jan 13-16, 2020; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(11_Suppl):Abstract nr B17.
The Genomic Landscape of HIV-Associated Plasmablastic Lymphoma
Authors: Ralf Küppers
Journal: Blood Cancer Discovery (2020)

A combined whole-exome and targeted sequencing study of 110 cases of human immunodeficiency virus-associated plasmablastic lymphomas revealed a distinct landscape of genetic lesions for this lymphoma entity, including a particular role of mutations in STAT3 and other members of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and of the RAS family in its pathogenesis.See related article by Liu et al., p. 112.
Thrombosis and COVID-19 pneumonia: the clot thickens!
Authors: Laura C. Price, Colm McCabe, Ben Garfield, Stephen J. Wort
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>Pulmonary thrombosis appears to be common in COVID-19 pneumonia and takes two forms, proximal pulmonary emboli and/or distal thrombosis. The possible mechanisms and clinical implications are discussed.</b>https://bit.ly/372Xdhw
Detection of Structural Rearrangements in Embryos
Authors: Svetlana Madjunkova, Yogi Sundaravadanam, Ran Antes, Rina Abramov, Siwei Chen, Yin Yin, Philip C Zuzarte, Sergey I Moskovtsev, Lars G T Jorgensen, Ari Baratz, Jared T Simpson, Clifford Librach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Balanced Translocations in Embryos Balanced chromosomal rearrangements are associated with infertility and recurrent miscarriage but are difficult to detect. In this study, long-read DNA sequencing...
Bosutinib Versus Imatinib for Newly Diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: 12-Month Patient-Reported Outcomes from the BFORE Trial
Authors: Jorge E. Cortes, Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini, Michael W. Deininger, Michael J. Mauro, Charles Chuah, Dong-Wook Kim, Iryna Dyagil, Nataliia Glushko, Dragana Milojkovic, Philipp D. le Coutre, Valentín García Gutiérrez, Laurence Reilly, Allison Jeynes-Ellis, Rocco J. Crescenzo, Carla Mamolo, Arlene Reisman, Nathalie Bardy-Bouxin, Andrea Hochhaus, Timothy H. Brümmendorf
Journal: Blood (2017)
Novel Therapeutic Interventions Early in the Disease Trajectory: Drug Development Beyond the Refractory Setting
Authors: Navid Hafez, Hope S. Rugo, Margaret A. Tempero, Elizabeth Fox, Gregory H. Reaman, Herbert Kim Lyerly, Desiree Walker, Patricia M. LoRusso
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

The 2019 Accelerating Anticancer Agent Development Workshop assembled a panel of experts for an in-depth discussion session to present "novel therapeutic interventions early in the disease trajectory." The panel reviewed the limitations of evaluating investigational cancer therapeutics solely in advanced metastatic and relapsed/refractory disease settings, and recommended strategies for drug evaluation earlier in the disease course, including in the first line in combination with standard chemotherapy, and in the maintenance and neoadjuvant disease settings. Advantages of earlier drug evaluation were discussed, including expanding the population of evaluable patients, earlier response assessment via surrogate endpoints, earlier clinical benefit in the disease course, tailoring of therapies based on response, and furthering our understanding of biomarker-driven therapies.