tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Letter to the Editor: No Baclofen for Alcohol Use Disorders Even More When Liver Disease Is Serious!
Authors: Alain Braillon, Florian Naudet
Journal: Hepatology (2019)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. To the Editor: Caputo and colleagues wrongly promoted baclofen for patients with end‐stage alcoholic liver disease.1 First, there is no reason to use it. A recent Cochrane review found a negative benefit to harm ratio of baclofen. This precludes any off‐label use. Preliminary hypotheses from two short series from the same team have been ruled out by a recent robust trial in 320 patients, which failed to demonstrate an effect of baclofen in the maintenance of abstinence.2 Concerning the use of baclofen for only decreasing the amount drunk (so‐called harm reduction), there is no evidence on relevant clinical outcomes yet.3 The largest trial, NCT01604330, in this indication is problematic: data collection ended in 2015, but there has been no publication yet, only a meeting presentation with no benefit but a 2‐fold increase in mortality.4 We attempted to obtain clinical study reports, a statistical analysis plan, and individual patient data as part of the Restoring Invisible and Abandoned Trials initiative.2 The sponsor, the drug company, and the French drug agency declined our requests. Second, there are major reasons to avoid it. A French pharmacoepidemiological study in 165,334 patients treated for alcohol use disorders between 2009 and 2015 showed a dose‐related increase in mortality with off‐label baclofen (hazard ratios, 1.4 for 30‐75 mg/day, 1.5 for 75‐180 mg/day, and 2.3 for >180 mg/day) versus acamprosate and naltrexone.5 Australia's largest poisons information center confirmed this increase in serious adverse effects with off‐label use for alcohol use disorders. The "E" in EBM means evidence, not expectations. Moreover, could it be wise to only aim for harm reduction in a patient with end‐stage alcoholic liver disease? Abstinence is the only rational goal. Who would advise a patient recovering from stroke to try to decrease a smoking addiction by one or two cigarettes a day? Last, off‐label drug use is too frequently not supported by sound scientific evidence, hinders the development therapeutic innovation, is costly to the health care system, and exposes patients to the unnecessary risk of serious adverse events for an all too often uncertain benefit.
The Effect of LKB1 Activity on the Sensitivity to PI3K/mTOR Inhibition in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Takehito Shukuya, Tadaaki Yamada, Michael J. Koenig, Jielin Xu, Tamio Okimoto, Fuhai Li, Joseph M. Amann, David P. Carbone
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
Update: Providing Quality Family Planning Services — Recommendations from CDC and the U.S. Office of Population Affairs, 2017
Authors: Loretta Gavin, Karen Pazol, Katherine Ahrens
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)

In April 2014, CDC published "Providing Quality Family Planning Services: Recommendations of CDC and the U.S. Office of Population Affairs" (QFP), which describes the scope of services that should be offered in a family planning visit and how to provide those services (e.g., periodicity of screening, which persons are in need of services, etc.) (1). The sections in QFP include the following: Determining the Client's Need for Services; Contraceptive Services; Pregnancy Testing and Counseling; Clients Who Want to Become Pregnant; Basic Infertility Services; Preconception Health Services; Sexually Transmitted Disease Services; and Related Preventive Health Services. In addition, the QFP includes an appendix entitled Screening Services for Which Evidence Does Not Support Screening.
Detachable string magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy for complete viewing of the esophagus and stomach
Authors: Yi-Zhi Chen, Jun Pan, Yuan-Yuan Luo, Xi Jiang, Wen-Bin Zou, Yang-Yang Qian, Wei Zhou, Xiao Liu, Zhao-Shen Li, Zhuan Liao
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Abstract Background Esophageal capsule endoscopy is reported to be insufficiently accurate to replace esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) because the passage of the capsule through the esophagus is passive and precludes a thorough investigation. We developed a modified capsule endoscopy technique, called detachable string magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy (DS-MCE), and performed a pilot study to assess the feasibility and safety of this novel technique. Methods 4 healthy volunteers and 21 patients with suspected esophageal disease first underwent DS-MCE followed by EGD within 1 week. Outcomes included technical success of DS-MCE, adverse events, discomfort, and diagnostic accuracy. Results DS-MCE was successfully carried out in all 25 participants. No adverse events were observed. Mean overall discomfort score during DS-MCE was 0.96 (range 0 – 3). DS-MCE diagnoses were in accordance with EGD in all 25 participants. The per-patient sensitivity of DS-MCE for esophageal disease detection was 100 %. The accuracy of DS-MCE for grading esophageal varices and reflux esophagitis were 66.7 % and 100 %, respectively. Conclusions DS-MCE was a feasible, safe, and well-tolerated method for viewing the esophagus and proceeding with gastric examination after string detachment.
Tumor stem cells show characteristics of embryonic stem cells unable for cytodifferentiation
Authors: Tatyana Ignatova, Raisa Krutilina, Mariya Nazarova, Galina Dulatova, Christopher Duntsch, Valery Kukekov
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

1010  Here, we examine the molecular and genetic characteristics of tumor cell populations which may underlie the immortal potential and phenotypical heterogeneity of human cancer. By using a modified neurosphere culture system we isolated tumor stem cells (TSCs) from primary cultures of glial tumors and cell lines derived from breast cancer and osteosarcoma. In suspended clones generated by TSCs, AC133, a well established marker of neural and epithelial stem cells, was expressed in concert with the transcription factors Nanog, Stat3 and OCT4, the key determinants of self-renewal and pluripotency of stem cells in embryonic settings. Their expression and nuclear localization correlated with a potential of TSCs to generate clones in culture system, sustain constitutively DNA synthesis and express a wide spectrum of transcripts specific for multiple cell lineages of all three embryonic layers. By contrast, in substrate-attached clones the expression of OCT4 and Nanog was extinguished or significantly decreased, which correlated with cytoplasmic localization of the OCT4-positive material versus nuclear localization of Nanog protein. These novel findings link the molecular and genetic machanisms of tumorigenesis to developmental attributes of immortal pluripotent stem cells of the early embryogenesis. They indicate that TSCs provide a new model system for studying human cancer.
P040 The european consensus finding study group on autoantibodies 2017/18 investigation. Characterisation of autoantibody content in a new international reference standard for dense fine speckled 70kD (DFS70) autoantibodies
Authors: J Rönnelid, M Blüthner, C Dahle, L Andrade, E Feist, D Hamann
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

<h3>Career situation of first and presenting author</h3> Instructor. <h3>Introduction</h3> The European Consensus Finding Study Group on autoantibodies (ECFSG) a.k.a. the EULAR autoantibody study group has been active for 30 years. <h3>Objectives</h3> To reach consensus about autoantibody measurements in clinical practice, and to evaluate upcoming autoantibody standard reagents concerning autoantibody content. <h3>Methods</h3> ECFSG focus on evaluating difficult to interpret serum samples, where differences between assays can be clearly visible. Ten unknown samples are distributed yearly to European laboratories, and analyzed broadly. Results are collected with information about laboratory techniques used, and discussed in relation to clinical information on the donating patients during EWRR. The 2017/2018 investigation contained nine patient samples, and a not yet launched pooled standard for anti-dense fine speckled 70kD antibodies, an ANA reactivity with specific nuclear staining on HEp-2 cells that can be confounded with homogenous ANA, but that is not associated with autoimmune disease. <h3>Results</h3> Acceptable consensus was reached for the clinical samples. Anti-DFS70 pattern was reported from 32/38 laboratories, whereas 5/38 reported homogenous ANA, one reported unknown pattern. Except for 4 out of 24 laboratories reporting anti-histone and 2 out of 33 laboratories reporting ACPA, both in low levels, no autoantibodies were reported. Consensus was that the sample contained pure anti-DFS70. <h3>Conclusions</h3> ECFSG helps to keep awareness on differences between autoantibody assays. The anti-DFS70 ANA pattern was identified by most laboratories in a reagent that proved to be free of other autoantibodies. The anti-DFS70 standard will be available via http://asc.dental.ufl.edu/ReferenceSera.html#text. *Lab representatives: Renaudineau Y, Brest; Fricke M, Hannover; Shoenfeld Y, Sheba, Israel; Nozal Aranda P, Madrid; Tzioufas AG, Athens; Kozakova D, Piestany; Toubi E, Haifa, Israel; Franceschini F, Brescia; Hennessy L, Glasgow; Roux-Lombard P, Genève; Heijnen I, Basel; Karlsen R, Oslo; Jeremie W, Luxembourg; Bombardieri S, Pisa; Cucnik S, Ljubljana; Huber AR, Aarau; Roozendal C, Groningen; Goetz J, Strasbourg; Vencovsky J, Praha; Wojciechowska B, Warsaw; Guerti K, Antwerp; Hänninen A, Turku; McHugh N, Bath; Steiner G Wien; Schreurs M, Rotterdam; Montes Cano MA, Sevilla; Elvin K, Stockholm; Nagy E, Budapest; Babai I, Tikva, Israel; Bonroy C, Gent; Burmester GR, Berlin; Andrejevic S, Belgrade; Kral V, Usti nad Labem; Csernok E, Tübingen; Probst-Mueller E, Zürich; Fischer K, Szczecin; Hacein-Bey-Abina S, Paris; Conrad K, Dresden; Humbel RL, Leudelange. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared.
974. Towards Gene Knock out Therapy for AIDS/HIV: Targeted Disruption of CCR5 Using Engineered Zinc Finger Protein Nucleases (ZFNs)
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

HIV entry into target cells requires binding of the envelope protein GP120 to the CD4 co-receptors CCR5 or CXCR4. Loss of these HIV co-receptors is therefore attractive as a potential therapy for HIV patients, yet no current methods permit the efficient therapeutic disruption of a chosen gene in the human genome.
Targeting HIF1α/AP1 in hypoxia by novel 7-amino-6-halogeno-3-phenylquinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4-dioxides
Authors: A.M. Scherbakov, G.I. Buravchenko, L.G. Dezhenkova, A.E. Shchekotikhin
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

Background: HIF-1α and AP1 play important roles in hypoxia and activate anti-apoptotic pathways in tumor cells. No dual HIF-1α/AP1 inhibitors currently exist, so targeting these transcriptional factors is promising way to modulate hypoxia signaling in cancer cells. Aim of the study was obtaining and biological evaluation of hypoxia-selective 7-amino-6-halogen-substituted derivatives starting from 6,7-dihalogeno-3-phenylquinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4-dioxides. Methods: A series of 7-amino-6-halogeno-3-phenylquinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4-dioxides was synthesized. Cancer cell lines were purchased from ATCC. The cytotoxic activity of compounds was evaluated in normoxia (21%O2) and hypoxia (1%O2). The cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT test (72 h growth with compounds). HIF-1α and AP1 activity was assessed by reporter analysis. Results: Synthesis of 7-amino-6-halogen- substituted derivatives starting from 6,7-dihalogeno-3-phenylquinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4-dioxides was carried out. A series was characterized by good solubility in water. Antiproliferative activity was evaluated in vitro on a panel of cancer cell lines including multidrug resistance variants. Novel synthesized compounds demonstrated higher hypoxia selectivity and cytotoxicity compared with tirapazamine. Some of the 7-amino-6-halogeno derivatives were 10-20-fold more potent than the reference drug. Selected 7-amino-6-halogeno derivatives LCTA-2425 and LCTA-2711 inhibited breast cancer cells growth in hypoxia at concentrations lower than 0.6 µM. Compounds LCTA-2711 and LCTA-2425 showed inhibitory effects on HIF-1α- and AP1-dependent luciferase activity, when tirapazamine revealed no potency to block these factors in MCF-7 breast cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. Conclusions: A series of 7-amino-6-halogeno-3-phenylquinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4-dioxides were more potent than reference drug tirapazamine in all tested cell lines and demonstrated high selectivity in hypoxia. Selected 7-amino-6-halogeno derivatives showed dual inhibitory activity against HIF-1α and AP1 factors, regulating anti-apoptotic pathways in hypoxia. RFBR grants 18-53-34005 (chemistry), 18-015-00422 (biology). Legal entity responsible for the study: Alexander M. Scherbakov. Funding: Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Grants 18-53-34005 (Chemistry) and 18-015-00422 (Biology). Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Autoimmune Cytopenias Following Alemtuzumab-Induced Renal Transplant: Clinical Features and Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Elisa Lucchini, Asad Luqmani, Maria Atta, Simona Deplano, Mark Layton, Camelia Vladescu, Deena Paul, Andreas Kousios, Rawya Charif, Nichola Cooper
Journal: Blood (2018)
Harnessing Minimally Invasive Surgery to Improve Outcomes in Endometrial Cancer Surgery—The Robots Are Coming
Authors: Jason D. Wright, Fady Khoury-Collado, Alexander Melamed
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Re: Adrean et al.: Consistent long-term therapy of neovascular age-related macular degeneration managed by 50 or more anti-VEGF injections using a treat-extend-stop protocol (Ophthalmology. 2018;125:1047-1053)
Authors: Charles C. Wykoff, Alexander M. Rusakevich, Darius M. Moshfeghi
Journal: Ophthalmology (2019)
Gonadal Functioning and Perceptions of Infertility Risk Among Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Report From the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
Authors: Vicky Lehmann, Wassim Chemaitilly, Lu Lu, Daniel M. Green, William H. Kutteh, Tara M. Brinkman, Deo Kumar Srivastava, Leslie L. Robison, Melissa M. Hudson, James L. Klosky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

To describe perceptions of infertility risk among adult survivors of childhood cancer, to test the concordance of survivors' risk perceptions and their adult fertility status, and to identify explanatory factors (sociodemographic factors, gonadotoxic treatments, reproductive history, sexual dysfunction) associated with these outcomes.Adult childhood cancer survivors (N = 1,067; without children or a history of pregnancies) completed questionnaires that asked about infertility risk perceptions and participated in physical evaluations, including biomarkers of gonadal functioning (eg, semen analysis, blood hormone levels, menses). Multivariable regression models tested associations between explanatory factors and risk perceptions as well as concordance of perceptions and fertility status.Most childhood cancer survivors (61.9%) perceived themselves at increased risk for infertility, which was significantly associated with sociodemographic factors (older age, white ethnicity, being married/partnered, higher education), gonadotoxic treatments, fertility concerns, previous unsuccessful attempts to conceive, and sexual dysfunction (all P < .05). Laboratory-evaluated impaired gonadal function was found in 24.3% of female and 55.6% of male survivors, but concordance with survivors' risk perceptions was low (Cohen's κ < .19). Most survivors with discordant perceptions overestimated risk (ie, perceived being at risk, though fertility status seemed normal; 19.7% of male and 43.6% of female survivors), whereas a minority underestimated risk (ie, perceived no risk but were impaired/infertile; 16.3% of male and 5.3% of female survivors). Factors related to discordance included sociodemographics, gonadotoxic treatments, fertility concerns, and sexual dysfunction (all P < .05).Although childfree survivors may correctly consider themselves at risk for infertility on the basis of their previous treatments, such risk perceptions were discordant from laboratory-evaluated fertility status among many survivors in adulthood. Thus, repeated fertility-related communication throughout survivorship is essential, because treatment-indicated risk does not equal fertility status after treatment. Offering fertility testing to those who were at risk and/or those with fertility-related concerns is recommended.
UEGW Report 2007: Putting endoscopy into perspective
Authors: T. Rösch
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

The 2007 United European Gastroenterology Week (UEGW) in Paris presented quite a few interesting abstracts on endoscopic topics, both in relation to innovations and to clinical topics. This summary report focuses on oral presentations and a personal selection of poster presentations. Abstracts will be discussed here in the context of recent publications in the respective fields of gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Cancer Statistics for Hispanics/Latinos, 2018
Authors: Kimberly D. Miller, Ann Goding Sauer, Ana P. Ortiz, Stacey A. Fedewa, Paulo S. Pinheiro, Guillermo Tortolero‐Luna, Dinorah Martinez‐Tyson, Ahmedin Jemal, Rebecca L. Siegel
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2018)

Abstract Cancer is the leading cause of death among Hispanics/Latinos, who represent the largest racial/ethnic minority group in the United States, accounting for 17.8% (57.5 million) of the total population in the continental United States and Hawaii in 2016. In addition, more than 3 million Hispanic Americans live in the US territory of Puerto Rico. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society reports on cancer occurrence, risk factors, and screening for Hispanics in the United States based on data from the National Cancer Institute, the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For the first time, contemporary incidence and mortality rates for Puerto Rico, which has a 99% Hispanic population, are also presented. An estimated 149,100 new cancer cases and 42,700 cancer deaths will occur among Hispanics in the continental United States and Hawaii in 2018. For all cancers combined, Hispanics have 25% lower incidence and 30% lower mortality compared with non‐Hispanic whites, although rates of infection‐related cancers, such as liver, are up to twice as high in Hispanics. However, these aggregated data mask substantial heterogeneity within the Hispanic population because of variable cancer risk, as exemplified by the substantial differences in the cancer burden between island Puerto Ricans and other US Hispanics. For example, during 2011 to 2015, prostate cancer incidence rates in Puerto Rico (146.6 per 100,000) were 60% higher than those in other US Hispanics combined (91.6 per 100,000) and 44% higher than those in non‐Hispanic whites (101.7 per 100,000). Prostate cancer is also the leading cause of cancer death among men in Puerto Rico, accounting for nearly 1 in 6 cancer deaths during 2011‐2015, whereas lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among other US Hispanic men combined. Variations in cancer risk are driven by differences in exposure to cancer‐causing infectious agents and behavioral risk factors as well as the prevalence of screening. Strategies for reducing cancer risk in Hispanic populations include targeted, culturally appropriate interventions for increasing the uptake of preventive services and reducing cancer risk factor prevalence, as well as additional funding for Puerto Rico‐specific and subgroup‐specific cancer research and surveillance.
Variation in National Survey Estimates and Youth Traumatic Brain Injury—Where Does the Truth Lie?
Authors: Philip Veliz
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
BMI Not a Good Proxy for Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal