tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Using medical Vaseline gauze to alleviate the pressure injury caused by a mask and hat
Authors: Yilin Fang, Lu Wang, Runping Fang
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)

The COVID-19 epidemic has affected people all over the world, especially medical personnel who must wear masks and hats everyday. After a mask and hat have been worn for a long time, the skin on a health care worker's face tightened by the mask and hat is inevitably left with marks and wrinkles (Fig 1, A), which makes people feel very uncomfortable. When treating patients, this discomfort will force medical staff to adjust the position of the mask and hat, increasing the risk of infection. A simple method involving medical Vaseline gauze to the impression can resolve these problems. Take the mark caused by a hat as an example. Take a piece of medical Vaseline gauze (Fig 1, B); cut it into a long strip (Fig 1, C); and apply it to the impression (Fig 1, D), which is just in the gauze area when wearing the hat (Fig 1, E). This method can effectively reduce the damage caused by hat pressure (Fig 1, F), and it can be applied to any part of the skin pressured by the mask and hat. Medical Vaseline gauze (Henan Yadu Industrial Co, Ltd, Changyuan, Henan, China) is used in the clinic to promote faster wound healing. Not only does it have the function of lubrication, but it can also lock in moisture, which makes it an antiwrinkle and antipressure solution.
Survival following a concomitant aortic valve procedure during left ventricular assist device surgery: an <scp>ISHLT</scp> Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support ( <scp>IMACS</scp> ) Registry analysis
Authors: Jesse F. Veenis, Yunus C. Yalcin, Jasper J. Brugts, Alina A. Constantinescu, Olivier C. Manintveld, Jos A. Bekkers, Ad J.J.C. Bogers, Kadir Caliskan
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2020)

The aim of this study was to compare early- and late-term survival and causes of death between patients with and without a concomitant aortic valve (AoV) procedure during continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) surgery.All adult primary continuous-flow LVAD patients on the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (IMACS) Registry (n = 15 267) were included in this analysis and stratified into patients submitted to a concomitant AoV procedure (AoV replacement or AoV repair) and patients without an AoV procedure. The primary outcome was early (≤90 days) survival post-LVAD surgery. Secondary outcomes were late survival (survival during the entire follow-up period) and conditional survival (in patients who survived the first 90 days post-LVAD surgery), and determinants. Patients who underwent concomitant AoV replacement (n = 457) had significantly reduced late survival compared with patients with AoV repair (n = 328) or without an AoV procedure (n = 14 482) (56% vs. 61% and 62%, respectively; P = 0.001). After adjustment for other significant predictors, concomitant AoV replacement remained an independent predictor for early [hazard ratio (HR) 1.226, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.037-1.449] and late (HR 1.477, 95% CI 1.154-1.890) mortality. However, patients undergoing AoV replacement or repair, in whom the presence of moderate-to-severe AoV regurgitation was diagnosed prior to LVAD implantation, had survival similar to patients not undergoing AoV interventions.Concomitant AoV surgery in patients undergoing LVAD implantation is an independent predictor of mortality. Additional research is needed to determine the best AoV surgical strategy at the time of LVAD surgery.
Abstract #2038: F-box protein 10: a novel anti-apoptotic protein regulates TRAIL-induced apoptosis
Authors: Rongbin Ge, Zongwei Wang, Aria Olumi
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Introduction and Objective: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces selective apoptoticdeath of human cancer cells while sparing normal human cells. Although TRAIL holds great promise as a potentialchemotherapeutic agent, multiple tumor types are resistant to this agent. F-box protein 10 (FBXL10), the largest member of the human family of F-box proteins, is a substrate-recognition component of SCF ubiquitin-ligase complexes and transcriptional repressor of AP-1 family member proteins. However, the role of FBXL10 in apoptosis is poorly understood. Previously, we have demonstrated that the AP-1 protein, c-Fos, represses the anti-apoptotic molecule, c-FLIP(L), in order to prime cancer cells for TRAL-induced apoptosis. Here, we report a novel anti-apoptotic function of FBXL10 and show that downregulation of FBXL10 is essential to sensitize cancer cell to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through upregulation of c-Fos transcriptional activity in vitro and in vivo. Results: In TRAIL sensitive cancer cells, FBXL10 RNA and protein levels significantly decreased after treatment with TRAIL in a dose and time-dependent manner whereas c-Fos was upregulated in an inverse relationship. However, in TRAIL resistant cancer cells, FBXL10 and c-Fos levels were not affected. Expression level of FBXL11, a FBXL10 homologous protein, was not affected by TRAIL treatment. Silencing of FBXL10 by RNAi in TRAIL-resistant cancer cells induced upregulation of c-Fos and primed the cancer cells to undergo apoptosis. Moreover, co-transfection of FBXL10 and human c-Fos promoter repressed c-Fos promoter activity. However, FBXL10 did not repress c-Fos promoter activity when AP-1 binding sites on the c-Fos promoter were mutated. Furthermore, using the ChIP assay, we observed that FBXL10 protein directly binds the c-Fos promoter in the TRAIL sensitive cells, and after treatment with TRAIL the interaction between FBXL10 and c-Fos promoter is significantly reduced. Finally, in the orthotopic in vivo prostate cancer xenografts treated by a TRAIL receptor 2 agonist antibody, (Lexatumumab), significant downregulation of FBXL10 immunofluorescence was observed in the TRAIL sensitive xenografts, but not in the TRAIL resistant xenografts, further establishing the role of FBXL10 in TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Conclusions: We demonstrate that the FBXL10 protein has a novel anti-apoptotic function in regulating TRAIL induced apoptosis. c-Fos, which is necessary for priming prostate cancer cells to undergo apoptosis, is repressed by FBXL10 in TRAIL resistant prostate cancer cells. Differentiating molecular mechanisms between TRAIL sensitive and TRAIL resistant cancer cells will improve the efficacy of apoptotic therapies for prostate cancer patients.  Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 2038.
Rapid identification and characterization of infected cells in blood during chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection
Authors: Benjamin Fournier, David Boutboul, Julie Bruneau, Charline Miot, Cécile Boulanger, Marion Malphettes, Isabelle Pellier, Bertrand Dunogué, Benjamin Terrier, Felipe Suarez, Stéphane Blanche, Martin Castelle, Sarah Winter, Henri-Jacques Delecluse, Thierry Molina, Capucine Picard, Stephan Ehl, Despina Moshous, Lionel Galicier, Vincent Barlogis, Alain Fischer, Bénédicte Neven, Sylvain Latour
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) preferentially infects epithelial cells and B lymphocytes and sometimes T and NK lymphocytes. Persistence of EBV-infected cells results in severe lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs). Diagnosis of EBV-driven T or NK cell LPD and chronic active EBV diseases (CAEBV) is difficult, often requiring biopsies. Herein, we report a flow-FISH cytometry assay that detects cells expressing EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs), allowing rapid identification of EBV-infected cells among PBMCs. EBV-infected B, T, and/or NK cells were detectable in various LPD conditions. Diagnosis of CAEBV in 22 patients of Caucasian and African origins was established. All exhibited circulating EBV-infected T and/or NK cells, highlighting that CAEBV is not restricted to native American and Asian populations. Proportions of EBV-infected cells correlated with blood EBV loads. We showed that EBV-infected T cells had an effector memory activated phenotype, whereas EBV-infected B cells expressed plasma cell differentiation markers. Thus, this method achieves accurate and unambiguous diagnoses of different forms of EBV-driven LPD and represents a powerful tool to study their pathophysiological mechanisms.
Response to: ‘Correspondence on Recovery from COVID-19 in a patient with spondyloarthritis treated with TNF-alpha inhibitor etanercept. A report on a COVID-19 patient with psoriatic arthritis receiving ustekinumab’ by Messina <i>et al</i>
Authors: Pierre-Marie Duret, Lionel Spielmann, Laurent Messer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

We thank Messina et al for their interest in our article reporting a benign evolution of COVID-19 in a patient with spondyloarthritis (SPA) treated with a combination of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), methotrexate and a tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitor, etanercept.1 2 We read with deep interest their report on a patient with psoriatic arthritis treated with ustekinumab, an antagonist of the interleukin (IL)-12/23 axis, who developed a moderate form of COVID-19, with full recovery.1

Of interest, a Th17 immune response with overexpression of IL-17, among other cytokines, has been shown elsewhere associated with COVID-19-related cytokine release syndrome (CRS).3–6

The authors are balancing an apparent paradox of an increased risk of infection, because of a potential compromised viral clearance, in patients exposed to ustekinumab, contrasting with a potential ‘protective’ effect of IL-12/23 inhibition, which might limit a deregulated Th1 and Th17 immune response leading to CRS associated with severe evolution of COVID-19.1 ,6 ,7

Presumably, this phenomenon might not be restricted to IL-12/23 inhibitors, but is likely to be extended for a broader panel of conventional, biological or targeted synthetic DMARDs, particularly anticytokine drugs, echoing our observation.2 In addition, recent registry data have shown lower hospitalisation rates in patients treated with TNF-alpha inhibitors.8 Conversely, concerns have recently been raised suggesting a detrimental effect, with an increased risk of severe evolution and mortality, in patients treated with B-cell depleting monoclonal antibodies, such as the anti-CD20 rituximab (RTX).9–11

Collectively, these emerging data, along with the experience of rheumatologists regarding the risk of infection in patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapies, support the current European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations relative to the management of patients with rheumatic …
In persistent sciatica and lumbar disk herniation, surgery vs. conservative care reduced leg pain at 6 mo
Authors: Jayson C. Carr
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

ACP Journal Club18 August 2020In persistent sciatica and lumbar disk herniation, surgery vs. conservative care reduced leg pain at 6 moJayson C. Carr, MDJayson C. Carr, MDBeth Israel Lahey Healthcare, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (J.C.C.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/ACPJ202008180-020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationBailey CS, Rasoulinejad P, Taylor D, et al. Surgery versus conservative care for persistent sciatica lasting 4 to 12 months. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1093-102. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32187469Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Neurology: References1 Weber H, Holme I, Amlie E. The natural course of acute sciatica with nerve root symptoms in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial evaluating the effect of piroxicam. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1993;18:1433-8. [PMID: 8235813] Google Scholar2 Peul WC, van den Hout WB, Brand R, et al. Prolonged conservative care versus early surgery in patients with sciatica caused by lumbar disc herniation: two year results of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2008;336:1355-8. [PMID: 18502911] Google Scholar3 Schoenfeld AJ, Kang JD. Decision making for treatment of persistent sciatica [Editorial]. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1161-2. [PMID: 32187474] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Beth Israel Lahey Healthcare, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (J.C.C.)Disclosures: The commentator has disclosed no conflicts of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M19-3045.This article was published at Annals.org on 4 August 2020. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEffect and Clinical Value of Protective Motivation Intervention Rehabilitation Model on Pain Perception and Dysfunction in Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation: Based on a Retrospective Cohort StudyYaobishu Regulates Inflammatory, Metabolic, Autophagic, and Apoptosis Pathways to Attenuate Lumbar Disc Herniation 18 August 2020Volume 173, Issue 4Page: JC20Keywords36 item short form health surveyDisabilitiesDiscectomyNervesPhysiotherapyQuality of lifeStenosisSurgeonsSurgeryVertebrae ePublished: 18 August 2020 Issue Published: 18 August 2020 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2020 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Management of Acute Pain From Non–Low Back, Musculoskeletal Injuries
Authors: Jason W. Busse, Behnam Sadeghirad, Yvgeniy Oparin, Eric Chen, Anna Goshua, Curtis May, Patrick J. Hong, Arnav Agarwal, Yaping Chang, Stephanie A. Ross, Peter Emary, Ivan D. Florez, Salmi T. Noor, William Yao, Annie Lok, Syed Hussain Ali, Samantha Craigie, Rachel Couban, Rebecca L. Morgan, Kayli Culig, Sonia Brar, Khashayar Akbari-Kelachayeh, Alex Pozdnyakov, Yaad Shergill, Laxsanaa Sivananthan, Bahareh Zihayat, Aninditee Das, Gordon H. Guyatt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Background: Patients and clinicians can choose from several treatment options to address acute pain from non–low back, musculoskeletal injuries. Purpose: To assess the comparative effectiveness of outpatient treatments for acute pain from non–low back, musculoskeletal injuries by performing a network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to 2 January 2020. Study Selection: Pairs of reviewers independently identified interventional RCTs that enrolled patients presenting with pain of up to 4 weeks' duration from non–low back, musculoskeletal injuries. Data Extraction: Pairs of reviewers independently extracted data. Certainty of evidence was evaluated by using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach. Data Synthesis: The 207 eligible studies included 32 959 participants and evaluated 45 therapies. Ninety-nine trials (48%) enrolled populations with diverse musculoskeletal injuries, 59 (29%) included patients with sprains, 13 (6%) with whiplash, and 11 (5%) with muscle strains; the remaining trials included various injuries ranging from nonsurgical fractures to contusions. Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) proved to have the greatest net benefit, followed by oral NSAIDs and acetaminophen with or without diclofenac. Effects of these agents on pain were modest (around 1 cm on a 10-cm visual analogue scale, approximating the minimal important difference). Regarding opioids, compared with placebo, acetaminophen plus an opioid improved intermediate pain (1 to 7 days) but not immediate pain (≤2 hours), tramadol was ineffective, and opioids increased the risk for gastrointestinal and neurologic harms (all moderate-certainty evidence). Limitations: Only English-language studies were included. The number of head-to-head comparisons was limited. Conclusion: Topical NSAIDs, followed by oral NSAIDs and acetaminophen with or without diclofenac, showed the most convincing and attractive benefit–harm ratio for patients with acute pain from non–low back, musculoskeletal injuries. No opioid achieved benefit greater than that of NSAIDs, and opioids caused the most harms. Primary Funding Source: National Safety Council. (PROSPERO: CRD42018094412)
Does wild-type Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase have pathogenic roles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
Authors: Yoshiaki Furukawa, Eiichi Tokuda
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2020)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by adult-onset progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. Increasing numbers of genes are found to be associated with ALS; among those, the first identified gene, SOD1 coding a Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase protein (SOD1), has been regarded as the gold standard in the research on a pathomechanism of ALS. Abnormal accumulation of misfolded SOD1 in affected spinal motor neurons has been established as a pathological hallmark of ALS caused by mutations in SOD1 (SOD1-ALS). Nonetheless, involvement of wild-type SOD1 remains quite controversial in the pathology of ALS with no SOD1 mutations (non-SOD1 ALS), which occupies more than 90% of total ALS cases. In vitro studies have revealed post-translationally controlled misfolding and aggregation of wild-type as well as of mutant SOD1 proteins; therefore, SOD1 proteins could be a therapeutic target not only in SOD1-ALS but also in more prevailing cases, non-SOD1 ALS. In order to search for evidence on misfolding and aggregation of wild-type SOD1 in vivo, we reviewed pathological studies using mouse models and patients and then summarized arguments for and against possible involvement of wild-type SOD1 in non-SOD1 ALS as well as in SOD1-ALS.
Impact of disconnected pancreatic duct on recurrence of fluid collections and new-onset diabetes: do we finally have an answer?
Authors: Jahangeer Basha, Sundeep Lakhtakia, Zaheer Nabi, Partha Pal, Radhika Chavan, Rupjyoti Talukdar, Mohan Ramchandani, Rajesh Gupta, Rakesh Kalapala, G Venkat Rao, D Nageshwar Reddy
Journal: Gut (2020)

Disconnected pancreatic duct (DPD) is a frequent occurrence in cases with walled-off necrosis (WON). The impact of DPD on recurrence of collection after removal of metal stents is not clear. Also, association between DPD and new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM) is not well known. In a large cohort of patients with WON, we observed DPD in majority (3/4th) of the cases. The presence of DPD was a significant risk factor for the recurrence of fluid collections as well as new-onset DM. However, the incidence of recurrent fluid collections and the requirement of reintervention was low (<10%).

### Background

DPD is defined as complete disruption of PD with isolation of viable portion of upstream pancreas.1 DPD may be associated with recurrent pancreatic fluid collections (PFC) and predispose these patients to new-onset DM.2–7 In addition, the strategies to prevent recurrences of PFCs are unclear. The limitations of existing literature include small sample size, short follow-up periods and lack of objective evaluation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of DPD on the recurrence of PFC and the development of new-onset DM in subjects who underwent drainage of WON using large calibre metal stents (LCMS).

### Methods

The data of subjects with WON who underwent endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage using LCMS between January 2013 and June 2017 were analysed from a prospectively maintained database. EUS-guided drainage was performed using LCMS (Nagi; Taewoong Medical, Gyeonggido, South Korea) as per the standard technique.8 Approximately 4–8 weeks after drainage, imaging (MRI with MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)) was performed to establish the resolution of WON and delineate PD (figure 1). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed in all the cases to confirm the findings on MRCP and place a PD stent in cases with leak or stricture (figure 2). LCMSs were removed regardless of the presence or absence …
Evolving standards of care and new challenges in the management of HER2‐positive breast cancer
Authors: Grace M. Choong, Grace D. Cullen, Ciara C. O’Sullivan
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2020)

Abstract The management of human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2)–positive breast cancer (BC) has rapidly evolved over the last 20 years. Major advances have led to US Food and Drug Administration approval of 7 HER2‐targeted therapies for the treatment of early‐stage and/or advanced‐stage disease. Although oncologic outcomes continue to improve, most patients with advanced HER2‐positive BC ultimately die of their disease because of primary or acquired resistance to therapy, and patients with HER2‐positive early BC who have residual invasive disease after preoperative systemic therapy are at a higher risk of distant recurrence and death. The concept of treatment de‐escalation and escalation is increasingly important to optimally tailor therapy for patients with HER2‐positive BC and is a major focus of the current review. Research efforts in this regard are discussed as well as updates regarding the evolving standard of care in the (neo)adjuvant and metastatic settings, including the use of novel combination therapies. The authors also briefly discuss ongoing challenges in the management of HER2‐positive BC (eg, intrinsic vs acquired drug resistance, the identification of predictive biomarkers, the integration of imaging techniques to guide clinical practice), and the treatment of HER2‐positive brain metastases. Research aimed at superseding these challenges will be imperative to ensure continued progress in the management of HER2‐positive BC going forward.
Modulation of glucocorticoid sensitivity by RNA interference in leukemic cells.
Authors: Marc Abrams, Noreen Robertson, Gerald Litwack, Eric Wickstrom
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

3639  Glucocorticoids (GC) induce apoptosis in numerous hematopoetic tissues and therefore are widely used in the treatment of leukemias and lymphomas. GC-induced apoptosis involves nuclear translocation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), causing transcriptional events that activate the mitocondrial/caspase-9 (intrinsic) pathway. However, it is unclear which GR-regulated genes function in initiating the caspase cascade. Previously we analyzed the transcriptional profile of GC-treated 697 pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, and identified interesting candidate genes. To search for the critical mediators of GC-induced apoptosis, we then employed a gene knockdown approach. The effect of the potent GC, triamcinolone acetonide (TA), on cell viability was determined after electroporating 697 cells in the presence of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against GR target genes. This analysis included RNA duplexes that reduce expression of MKP1 (MAP Kinase Phosphatase-1), BCL2, SGK1 (serum and glucocorticoid-induced kinase), and forkhead-related transcription factor FOXO3a. After optimizing the transfection conditions, we have found that knockdown of several of these genes increased sensitivity of 697 cells to GC. We conclude that this approach will be useful for discovering and validating new therapeutic targets for GC- resistant hematopoietic malignancies.