tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Occurrence of Liver-Related Events and Survival by Transient Elastography in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Compensated Advanced Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Salvatore Petta, Giada Sebastiani, Mauro Viganò, Javier Ampuero, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Jerome Boursier, Annalisa Berzigotti, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Anna Ludovica Fracanzani, Calogero Cammà, Marco Enea, Marraud des Grottes, Vito Di Marco, Ramy Younes, Aline Keyrouz, Sergio Mazzola, Yuly Mendoza, Grazia Pennisi, Manuel Romero-Gomez, Antonio Craxì, Victor de Ledinghen
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)
Retention Among Participants in the National Diabetes Prevention Program Lifestyle Change Program, 2012–2017
Authors: Michael J. Cannon, Svetlana Masalovich, Boon Peng Ng, Robin E. Soler, Rajai Jabrah, Elizabeth K. Ely, Bryce D. Smith
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

OBJECTIVE To assess retention in the National Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) lifestyle change program, which seeks to prevent type 2 diabetes in adults at high risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed retention among 41,203 individuals who enrolled in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-recognized in-person lifestyle change programs at organizations that submitted data to CDC’s Diabetes Prevention Recognition Program during January 2012–February 2017. RESULTS Weekly attrition rates were typically &amp;lt;1–2% but were between 3.5% and 5% at week 2 and at weeks 17 and 18, where session frequency typically transitions from weekly to monthly. The percentage of participants retained through 18 weeks varied by age (45.9% for 18–29 year olds, 53.4% for 30–44 year olds, 60.2% for 45–54 year olds, 66.7% for 55–64 year olds, and 67.6% for ≥65 year olds), race/ethnicity (70.5% for non-Hispanic whites, 60.5% for non-Hispanic blacks, 52.6% for Hispanics, and 50.6% for other), mean weekly percentage of body weight lost (41.0% for ≤0% lost, 66.2% for &amp;gt;0% to &amp;lt;0.25% lost, 72.9% for 0.25% to &amp;lt;0.5% lost, and 73.9% for ≥0.5% lost), and mean weekly physical activity minutes (12.8% for 0 min, 56.1% for &amp;gt;0 to &amp;lt;60 min, 74.8% for 60 to &amp;lt;150 min, and 82.8% for ≥150 min) but not by sex (63.0% for men and 63.1% for women). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the need to identify strategies to improve retention, especially among individuals who are younger or are members of racial/ethnic minority populations and among those who report less physical activity or less early weight loss. Strategies that address retention after the first session and during the transition from weekly to monthly sessions offer the greatest opportunity for impact.
Nearly half of physicians expect to be working under capacity for at least a year, RCP survey finds
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Nearly half of physicians expect to be working under capacity for at least a year, RCP survey finds Abi RimmerAlmost half of physician specialists expect to be working at less than pre-covid-19 levels for at least 12 months, a survey by the Royal College of Physicians (RCP) has found.The college conducted an internal survey of members of its Medical Specialty Board, which includes representatives from 30 specialties.Each member was asked, on behalf of their specialty, to estimate what capacity they expected to be working at over the next 12 months compared with pre-covid-19 activity levels.The survey had responses from representatives from 19 specialties and of these eight said that they expect to be working under capacity for the foreseeable future.This was partly because of the time it takes for the extra infection prevention and control measures to be carried out, the college said, all of which have been put in place to reduce the spread of covid-19 and reduce nosocomial infection.Patients recovering from covid-19 will also need the ongoing support of NHS services, especially in respiratory medicine, rehabilitation medicine, renal medicine, and clinical psychology, the college said, which creates extra activity compared with pre-covid-19 times Specialty leaders in respiratory medicine and gastroenterology said that they expected it to take two years to recover from the backlog created by the virus, while those in cardiology expected it to take 18-21 months.Commenting on the findings, RCP president Andrew Goddard said, "We cannot underestimate the extent of the work that still lies ahead for the NHS workforce, and the possibility of further covid-19 outbreaks and additional waves, which would increase the challenge ahead."He added, "In the short to medium term it is likely that doctors will need to prioritise care, as they have always done, to respond to the reduced capacity levels across the NHS.We also need to be honest with patients that things will take longer and that we are working as hard as possible to restore services to pre-pandemic levels."Responding to the findings, Niall Dickson, chief executive of the NHS Confederation, said, "There was a significant backlog of treatment before the pandemic-now it is enormous.Services were stopped or slowed down and lockdown has also brought its own raft of health problems.NHS organisations now have to build back services with social distancing and the need for personal protective equipment-that means many fewer patients are treated.
Scrotal Sac Metastasis in Adenocarcinoma Prostate
Authors: Sarthak Tripathy, Sneha Prakash, Meivel Angamathu, Arunav Kumar, Shamim Ahmed Shamim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Metastasis to the scrotal sac is a very rare phenomenon. We present a case of a 45-year-old man diagnosed with locally advanced acinar adenocarcinoma prostate, post bilateral orchidectomy and radiotherapy treatment, who showed a rising trend of serum PSA levels with discovery of scrotal sac metastasis on serial Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT scans.
Speech Technology for Healthcare: Opportunities, Challenges, and State of the Art
Authors: Siddique Latif, Junaid Qadir, Adnan Qayyum, Muhammad Usama, Shahzad Younis
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2020)

Speech technology is not appropriately explored even though modern advances in speech technology-especially those driven by deep learning (DL) technology-offer unprecedented opportunities for transforming the healthcare industry. In this paper, we have focused on the enormous potential of speech technology for revolutionising the healthcare domain. More specifically, we review the state-of-the-art approaches in automatic speech recognition (ASR), speech synthesis or text to speech (TTS), and health detection and monitoring using speech signals. We also present a comprehensive overview of various challenges hindering the growth of speech-based services in healthcare. To make speech-based healthcare solutions more prevalent, we discuss open issues and suggest some possible research directions aimed at fully leveraging the advantages of other technologies for making speech-based healthcare solutions more effective.
Reply to Amit Bansal and Anant Kumar’s Letter to the Editor re: Lan Zhu, Nianqiao Gong, Bin Liu, et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Immunosuppressed Renal Transplant Recipients: A Summary of 10 Confirmed Cases in Wuhan, China. Eur Urol 2020;77:748–54
Authors: Lan Zhu, Gang Chen
Journal: European Urology (2020)
Developing a SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine at Warp Speed
Authors: Kevin P. O’Callaghan, Allison M. Blatz, Paul A. Offit
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Developing a SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine at Warp Speed The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has unleashed major and substantial changes in the provision of health care, including public health policy and the practice of medicine, and in the ways most individuals live their lives. 1Significant changes also have occurred in vaccine development, with shortening the usual 15-to 20-year timeline to one that might be as short as 1 to 1.5 years. 2 COVID-19, the acute illness due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in December 2019, and rapidly progressed to a global pandemic.By June 27, 2020, a total of 9.76 million people had been infected with this virus and 492 000 had died.Although widespread quarantine, isolation, and social distancing measures have, to some extent, countered the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and "flattened the curve," countries now face a multitude of challenges to the "re-opening" of society.Yet, it is clear the only way to provide effective herd immunity is with a safe and effective vaccine.With this background, the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) launched Operation Warp Speed-a partnership between government and industry-with the goal of delivering 300 million doses of a safe and effective vaccine by January 2021. 3This ambitious plan initially focused on 125 potential vaccine candidates, but was rapidly narrowed to 14 candidates
Patients who have recovered from covid-19: issuing certificates and offering voluntary registration
Authors: Raj Bhopal
Journal: BMJ (2020)

In my rapid response of 21 March,1 updated 9 April 2020,2 about covid-19 creating extraordinary times demanding imaginative responses,3 I wrote that people who had recovered from proven infection and were not shedding virus were a potentially invaluable asset. Having recovered, I inferred, they must have at least partial, temporary immunity. I recommended that we give them a certificate indicating that they would be largely, if not wholly, immune to a second infection this year. 

I anticipated reliable antibody testing would become available, providing further reassurance on immune status, which is becoming true, although it is a …
Offline: It's time to convene nations to end this pandemic
Authors: Richard Horton
Journal: The Lancet (2020)

A historic and calamitous milestone was reached this week. WHO reported more than 10 million cases of COVID-19 and over 500 000 COVID-19 deaths. The world's political leaders have been tested and they have been found wanting. It's hard to recall a more lamentable response to a global emergency. Even the climate crisis had its Kyoto and Paris agreements. But despite the urgency of this continuing human catastrophe, despite the immediacy of the economic collapse we are witnessing, there has still been no moment when nations have been convened to reflect on lessons to be learned, to coordinate actions to protect citizens, and to plan for future spikes or waves of infection.
Vitamin C to pregnant smokers persistently improves infant airway function to 12 months of age: a randomised trial
Authors: Cindy T. McEvoy, Lyndsey E. Shorey-Kendrick, Kristin Milner, Diane Schilling, Christina Tiller, Brittany Vuylsteke, Ashley Scherman, Keith Jackson, David M. Haas, Julia Harris, Byung S. Park, Annette Vu, Dale F. Kraemer, David Gonzales, Carol Bunten, Eliot R. Spindel, Cynthia D. Morris, Robert S. Tepper
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Vitamin C (500 mg·day
Pitfalls in Challenging Thyroid Tumors: Emphasis on Differential Diagnosis and Ancillary Biomarkers
Authors: José Manuel Cameselle-Teijeiro, Catarina Eloy, Manuel Sobrinho-Simões
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2020)

Abstract Thyroid pathology encompasses a heterogenous group of clinicopathological entities including rare and diagnostically challenging neoplasms. The review is focused on morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of rare thyroid neoplasms that can pose diagnostic problems. The tumors are organized based on growth patterns including thyroid neoplasms with predominantly papillary, follicular, solid, and spindle cell growth pattern, as well as neoplasms with distinct cytological characteristics. A special section is also dedicated to rare thyroid tumors with peculiar patterns including thyroid carcinoma with Ewing family tumor elements and intrathyroidal thymic-related neoplasms.
Isolated Lymph Node Amyloidosis
Authors: Sarthak Tripathy, Mangu Bharadwaj, Sneha Prakash, Raja Pramanik, Abhenil Mittal, Shamim Ahmed Shamim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract Amyloidosis is a disorder resulting from the deposition of fibrillary protein in the extracellular tissue and can be classified into primary, secondary, familial, and senile types. Isolated lymph node amyloidosis without any other organ involvement is very rarely seen in clinical parlance, and diagnosis remains very challenging owing to nonspecific imaging findings. We present a case of 50-year-old man with lymphadenopathy, which was later confirmed to be amyloidosis on biopsy and serum-free light chain assay with efficacious use of 18 F-FDG PET/CT for response assessment to bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone.
Should patients starting biologics be screened for COVID-19?
Authors: Jesus Alberto Cardenas-de la Garza, Rosa I Arvizu-Rivera, Dionicio Angel Galarza-Delgado
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To analyse long-term adverse events of occipital nerve stimulation (ONS). <h3>Design</h3> Prospective open-label observational study. <h3>Subjects</h3> 134 patients with refractory headaches implanted between 2007–2014 in a single specialised centre. <h3>Methods</h3> Information was collected on ONS device, implantable pulse generator (IPG) site and adverse event rates. The impact of implanter experience and the association between IPG site and adverse event rates was also explored. <h3>Results</h3> Mean follow up was 46 months (6–108 months). A total of 139 adverse events were recorded in 75 patients (56%). A total of 59 additional surgeries were needed in 39 patients. A significant difference was seen in the rates of adverse events recorded between 2007–2010 and 2011–2014 (60.7% vs 42.6%, p=0.002). A significant reduction in ONS revision was seen over time (25.7% vs 5.9%, p=0.002). Analysis of adverse events with IPG site showed those with abdominal implants recorded higher adverse event rate that those with an IPG in the chest (65.8% vs 40.3%, p=0.004). <h3>Conclusions</h3> In specialist centres, adverse event rates of ONS can be much lower than reported in the literature. Our results suggest implanter experience and IPG site both have an effect on adverse event rate.
Author correction to ‘Establishment of pseudovirus infection mouse models for in vivo pharmacodynamics evaluation of filovirus entry inhibitors’ [Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 8 (2018) 200–208]
Authors: Qing Chen, Ke Tang, Xiaoyu Zhang, Panpan Chen, Ying Guo
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2020)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.08.003.].
Young Adults With Elevated Blood Pressure Have Reduced Cardiac Response and Greater Perceived Exertion at Low Intensity Exercise
Authors: O J Huckstep, W Williamson, F Telles, A Verburg, J Han, C Herdman, L Arnold, A McCance, R Smillie, A Mohamed, H Boardman, A J Lewandowski, P Leeson
Journal: Circulation (2018)
Comparative analysis of synovial inflammation after SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Stefano Alivernini, Antonella Cingolani, Marco Gessi, Annamaria Paglionico, Giuliana Pasciuto, Barbara Tolusso, Massimo Fantoni, Elisa Gremese
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by a novel Coronavirus (termed SARS-CoV-2) has spread to over 140 countries around the world. Currently, reverse transcription quantitative qPCR (RT-qPCR) is used as the gold standard for diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2. However, the positive rate of RT-qPCR assay of pharyngeal swab samples are reported to vary from 30∼60%. More accurate and sensitive methods are urgently needed to support the quality assurance of the RT-qPCR or as an alternative diagnostic approach. <h3>METHODS</h3> We established a reverse transcription digital PCR (RT-dPCR) protocol to detect SARS-CoV-2 on 194 clinical pharyngeal swab samples, including 103 suspected patients, 75 close contacts and 16 supposed convalescents. <h3>RESULTS</h3> The limit of blanks (LoBs) of the RT-dPCR assays were ∼1.6, ∼1.6 and ∼0.8 copies/reaction for ORF 1ab, N and E genes, respectively. The limit of detection (LoD) was 2 copies/reaction. For the 103 fever suspected patients, the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 detection was significantly improved from 28.2% by RT-qPCR to 87.4% by RT-dPCR. For close contacts, the suspect rate was greatly decreased from 21% down to 1%. The overall sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of RT-dPCR were 90%, 100% and 93 %, respectively. In addition, quantification of the viral load for convalescents by RT-dPCR showed that a longer observation period was needed in the hospital for elderly patients. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> RT-dPCR could be a confirmatory method for suspected patients diagnosed by RT-qPCR. Furthermore, RT-dPCR was more sensitive and suitable for low viral load specimens from the both patients under isolation and those under observation who may not be exhibiting clinical symptoms.
Restructuring of a General Surgery Residency Program in an Epicenter of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Jackly M. Juprasert, Katherine D. Gray, Maureen D. Moore, Lama Obeid, Alexander W. Peters, David Fehling, Thomas J. Fahey, Heather L. Yeo
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

On March 1, 2020, the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was confirmed in New York, New York. Since then, the city has emerged as an epicenter for the ongoing pandemic in the US. To meet the anticipated demand caused by the predicted surge of patients with COVID-19, the Department of Surgery at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine developed and executed an emergent restructuring of general surgery resident teams and educational infrastructure. The restructuring of surgical services described in this Special Communication details the methodology used to safely deploy the necessary amount of the resident workforce to support pandemic efforts while maintaining staffing for emergency surgical care, limiting unnecessary exposure of residents to infection risk, effectively placing residents in critical care units, and maintaining surgical education and board eligibility for the training program as a whole.
Eight Weeks of Treatment With Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir Is Safe and Efficacious in an Integrated Analysis of Treatment-Naïve Patients With Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Eli Zuckerman, Julio A. Gutierrez, Douglas E. Dylla, Victor de Ledinghen, Andrew J. Muir, Michael Gschwantler, Massimo Puoti, Florin Caruntu, Jihad Slim, Frederik Nevens, Samuel Sigal, Stanley Cohen, Linda M. Fredrick, Ana Gabriela Pires dos Santos, Lino Rodrigues, John F. Dillon
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)

The direct-acting antiviral combination glecaprevir/pibrentasvir has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for 8 weeks of treatment in treatment-naïve patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis. We performed an integrated analysis of data from trials to evaluate the overall efficacy and safety of 8 weeks of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in treatment-naïve patients without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis.
gp130 Controls Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Heart Regeneration
Authors: Yandong Li, Jie Feng, Shen Song, Haotong Li, Huijun Yang, Bin Zhou, Yan Li, Zhang Yue, Hong Lian, Lihui Liu, Shengshou Hu, Yu Nie
Journal: Circulation (2020)

A key cause of the high mortality of cardiovascular diseases is the cardiomyocyte inability to renew after cardiac injury. As a promising strategy to supplement functional myocytes for cardiac repair, there is a pressing need to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of heart regeneration.Seven genetic mouse lines were used: global OSM (oncostatin M) knockout, monocyte-/macrophage-specific OSM deletion, cardiomyocyte-specific lines, including OSM receptor deletion, gp130 (glycoprotein 130) deletion, gp130 activation, and Yap (yes-associated protein) ablation with gp130 activation mice. A series of molecular signaling experiments, including RNA sequencing, immunostaining, coimmunoprecipitation, and imaging flow cytometry, were conducted. Two models of cardiac injury, apical resection and myocardial infarction operation, were performed in neonatal, juvenile, and adult mice. Heart regeneration and cardiac function were evaluated by Masson staining and echocardiography, respectively. Gene recombinant adenovirus-associated virus was constructed and infected myocardial-infarcted mice as a gene therapy.OSM was identified by RNA sequencing as a key upstream regulator of cardiomyocyte proliferation during neonatal heart regeneration in mice. Cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration were suspended in neonatal mice after cardiac injury when OSM was conditionally knockout in macrophages. The cardiomyocyte-specific deficiency of the OSM receptor heterodimers, OSM receptor and gp130, individually in cardiomyocytes reduced myocyte proliferation and neonatal heart regeneration. Conditional activation of gp130 in cardiomyocytes promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration in juvenile and adult mice. Using RNA sequencing and functional screening, we found that Src mediated gp130-triggered cardiomyocyte proliferation by activating Yap (yes-associated protein) with Y357 phosphorylation independently of the Hippo pathway. Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Yap in Myh6-gp130ACT mice blocked the effect of gp130 activation-induced heart regeneration in juvenile mice. Gene therapy with adenovirus-associated virus encoding constitutively activated gp130 promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration in adult mice after myocardial infarction.Macrophage recruitment is essential for heart regeneration through the secretion of OSM, which promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation. As the coreceptor of OSM, gp130 activation is sufficient to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation by activating Yap through Src during heart regeneration. gp130 is a potential therapeutic target to improve heart regeneration after cardiac injury.
Circulating Tumor DNA is Prognostic and Potentially Predictive of Eryaspase Efficacy in Second-line in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jean-Baptiste Bachet, Hélène Blons, Pascal Hammel, Iman El Hariry, Fabienne Portales, Laurent Mineur, Jean-Philippe Metges, Claire Mulot, Camille Bourreau, Jason Cain, Jérôme Cros, Pierre Laurent-Puig
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Purpose: Eryaspase is composed of l-asparaginase encapsulated in erythrocytes and has demonstrated significant efficacy in a randomized phase II trial. We assessed the prognostic and predictive value of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in patients, plasma included in this trial. Experimental Design: Samples prospectively collected pretreatment were centrally analyzed by next-generation sequencing. Prognostic values of baseline ctDNA and ctDNA early changes between day 0 and 28 were assessed in both arms combined on objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS); three groups were defined: negative ctDNA (Neg), ctDNA responders (Resp), and ctDNA nonresponders (NResp). Predictive value of ctDNA for eryaspase efficacy was investigated. Results: ctDNA was positive at baseline in 77 patients of the 113 tested patients (68%). Detectable ctDNA was an independent negative prognostic factor for OS (4.6 vs. 8.8 months; P = 0.0025) and PFS (1.6 vs. 3.3 months; P = 0.00043). Early change in ctDNA levels was correlated with ORR (20%, 26%, 0%; P &amp;lt; 0.04), PFS (3.7, 3.4, 1.6 months; P &amp;lt; 0.0001), and OS (11.7, 6.5, 4.3 months; P &amp;lt; 0.0001) according to the three defined groups (Neg, Res, NResp, respectively). In patients with ctDNA detectable at baseline, eryaspase was associated with better PFS [HR = 0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.3–0.94)] and OS (HR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.29–0.91). Conclusions: We confirm from a prospective randomized trial that: (i) the presence of ctDNA at baseline is a major prognostic factor, (ii) the early change of ctDNA correlates with treatment outcome, and (iii) the ctDNA could be a predictive biomarker of eryaspase efficacy.