tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Investigational Hemophilia A Gene Therapy Shows Sustained Benefit
Authors: Jennifer Abbasi
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Precision wearable accelerometer contact microphones for longitudinal monitoring of mechano-acoustic cardiopulmonary signals
Authors: Pranav Gupta, Mohammad J. Moghimi, Yaesuk Jeong, Divya Gupta, Omer T. Inan, Farrokh Ayazi
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2020)

Abstract Mechano-acoustic signals emanating from the heart and lungs contain valuable information about the cardiopulmonary system. Unobtrusive wearable sensors capable of monitoring these signals longitudinally can detect early pathological signatures and titrate care accordingly. Here, we present a wearable, hermetically-sealed high-precision vibration sensor that combines the characteristics of an accelerometer and a contact microphone to acquire wideband mechano-acoustic physiological signals, and enable simultaneous monitoring of multiple health factors associated with the cardiopulmonary system including heart and respiratory rate, heart sounds, lung sounds, and body motion and position of an individual. The encapsulated accelerometer contact microphone (ACM) utilizes nano-gap transducers to achieve extraordinary sensitivity in a wide bandwidth (DC-12 kHz) with high dynamic range. The sensors were used to obtain health factors of six control subjects with varying body mass index, and their feasibility in detection of weak mechano-acoustic signals such as pathological heart sounds and shallow breathing patterns is evaluated on patients with preexisting conditions.
Adipocyte-Induced FABP4 Expression in Ovarian Cancer Cells Promotes Metastasis and Mediates Carboplatin Resistance
Authors: Abir Mukherjee, Chun-Yi Chiang, Helen A. Daifotis, Kristin M. Nieman, Johannes F. Fahrmann, Ricardo R. Lastra, Iris L. Romero, Oliver Fiehn, Ernst Lengyel
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Adipocytes are critical for ovarian cancer cells to home to the omentum, but the metabolic changes initiated by this interaction are unknown. To this end, we carried out unbiased mass spectrometry-based metabolomic and proteomic profiling of cancer cells cocultured with primary human omental adipocytes. Cancer cells underwent significant proteo-metabolomic alteration(s), typified by changes in the lipidome with corresponding upregulation of lipid metabolism proteins. FABP4, a lipid chaperone protein, was identified as the critical regulator of lipid responses in ovarian cancer cells cocultured with adipocytes. Subsequently, knockdown of FABP4 resulted in increased 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels in the DNA, downregulation of gene signatures associated with ovarian cancer metastasis, and reduced clonogenic cancer cell survival. In addition, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-mediated knockout of FABP4 in high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells reduced metastatic tumor burden in mice. Consequently, a small-molecule inhibitor of FABP4 (BMS309403) not only significantly reduced tumor burden in a syngeneic orthotopic mouse model but also increased the sensitivity of cancer cells toward carboplatin both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these results show that targeting FABP4 in ovarian cancer cells can inhibit their ability to adapt and colonize lipid-rich tumor microenvironments, providing an opportunity for specific metabolic targeting of ovarian cancer metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE: Ovarian cancer metastatic progression can be restricted by targeting a critical regulator of lipid responses, FABP4.
Application of Basic Epidemiologic Principles and Electronic Health Records in a Deep Learning Prediction Model—Reply
Authors: Hsiao-Han Wang, Chia-Wei Liang, Yu-Chuan Li
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Evaluation of Maternal, Embryo, and Placental Effects in CD-1 Mice following Gestational Exposure to Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) or Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Dimer Acid (HFPO-DA or GenX)
Authors: Bevin E. Blake, Harlie A. Cope, Samantha M. Hall, Robert D. Keys, Beth W. Mahler, James McCord, Brittany Scott, Heather M. Stapleton, Mark J. Strynar, Susan A. Elmore, Suzanne E. Fenton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2020)

Background: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in mice and humans, but little is known regarding one of its replacements, hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA, referred to here as GenX), both of which have been reported as contaminants in drinking water. Objectives: We compared the toxicity of PFOA and GenX in pregnant mice and their developing embryo–placenta units, with a specific focus on the placenta as a hypothesized target. Methods: Pregnant CD-1 mice were exposed daily to PFOA (0, 1, or 5mg/kg) or GenX (0, 2, or 10mg/kg) via oral gavage from embryonic day (E) 1.5 to 11.5 or 17.5 to evaluate exposure effects on the dam and embryo–placenta unit. Gestational weight gain (GWG), maternal clinical chemistry, maternal liver histopathology, placental histopathology, embryo weight, placental weight, internal chemical dosimetry, and placental thyroid hormone levels were determined. Results: Exposure to GenX or PFOA resulted in increased GWG, with increase in weight most prominent and of shortest latency with 10mg/kg/d GenX exposure. Embryo weight was significantly lower after exposure to 5mg/kg/d PFOA (9.4% decrease relative to controls). Effect sizes were similar for higher doses (5mg/kg/d PFOA and 10mg/kg/d GenX) and lower doses (1mg/kg/d PFOA and 2mg/kg/d GenX), including higher maternal liver weights, changes in liver histopathology, higher placental weights and embryo–placenta weight ratios, and greater incidence of placental abnormalities relative to controls. Histopathological features in placentas suggested that PFOA and GenX may exhibit divergent mechanisms of toxicity in the embryo–placenta unit, whereas PFOA- and GenX-exposed livers shared a similar constellation of adverse pathological features. Conclusions: Gestational exposure to GenX recapitulated many documented effects of PFOA in CD-1 mice, regardless of its much shorter reported half-life; however, adverse effects toward the placenta appear to have compound-specific signatures. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6233
Primary CNS lymphoma: A review of clinicopathologic characteristics, therapy, and outcomes of 54 patients with primary CNS DLBCL.
Authors: Nalini Hasija, Michael Jaglal, Vu Duong, Celeste M. Bello, Michael B. Tomblyn, Peter A. J. Forsyth, Eduardo M. Sotomayor, Edward Pan, Lubomir Sokol
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

2099 Background: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare aggressive variant of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with a poor prognosis. Optimal therapeutic strategies have not yet been defined. High dose methotrexate (HD MTX) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent with superior outcomes compared to historical studies using whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT). Purpose: To review clinicopathologic characteristics, therapy and outcomes of 54 patients (pts) with primary CNS DLBCL. Methods: This was a single center retrospective review of pts with confirmed diagnosis of primary CNS DLBCL from 1999 to 2009. Data was extracted from the Moffitt Cancer Center (MCC) electronic records. Baseline demographics, clinical, pathological and treatment data were collected and analyzed. Pts were stratified according to their treatment regimens including HD MTX (8g/m2) alone or in combinations and WBRT alone or in combination with CT. Descriptive statistical analyses were utilized. Chi square analysis and t- test were performed to compare categorical and continuous variables. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate OS and log rank test was used to compare the groups. All data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 statistical software. Results: 54 pts who underwent CT and/or WBRT for PCNSL between 1999 and 2009 were identified. The age range at diagnosis was 19-85 years with median age of 63. 31 of 54 pts (57%) were ≥ 60 years old. Male to female ratio was 1.25 :1 (30:24). The median ECOG PS was 1. Only 2 pts had HIV. A majority of pts presented with motor deficits. The most common location of lymphoma was in the cerebral hemispheres. The median survival of the entire cohort was 42 months. 15 of 54 pts (23%) survived ≥ 60 months. In the cohort of pts that survived ≥ 60 months, a majority 11 of 15 (73%) received HD MTX. Pts treated with initial WBRT revealed inferior overall survival (OS) compared to pts treated with induction CT (OS 37 months vs. 50 months) (p=0.056). Conclusions: HD MTX was the most frequently utilized CT regimen in the cohort of pts surviving &gt; 60 months. Administering WBRT as an initial modality was associated with worse outcomes in this retrospective analysis.
Inference-Based Decisions in a Hidden State Foraging Task: Differential Contributions of Prefrontal Cortical Areas
Authors: Pietro Vertechi, Eran Lottem, Dario Sarra, Beatriz Godinho, Isaac Treves, Tiago Quendera, Matthijs Nicolai Oude Lohuis, Zachary F. Mainen
Journal: Neuron (2020)

Essential features of the world are often hidden and must be inferred by constructing internal models based on indirect evidence. Here, to study the mechanisms of inference, we establish a foraging task that is naturalistic and easily learned yet can distinguish inference from simpler strategies such as the direct integration of sensory data. We show that both mice and humans learn a strategy consistent with optimal inference of a hidden state. However, humans acquire this strategy more than an order of magnitude faster than mice. Using optogenetics in mice, we show that orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortex inactivation impacts task performance, but only orbitofrontal inactivation reverts mice from an inference-based to a stimulus-bound decision strategy. These results establish a cross-species paradigm for studying the problem of inference-based decision making and begins to dissect the network of brain regions crucial for its performance.
Can gut microbiota of men who have sex with men influence HIV transmission?
Authors: Sara L. Coleman, C. Preston Neff, Sam X. Li, Abigail J.S. Armstrong, Jennifer M. Schneider, Sharon Sen, Blair Fennimore, Thomas B. Campbell, Catherine A. Lozupone, Brent E. Palmer
Journal: Gut Microbes (2020)

Gaining a complete understanding of transmission risk factors will assist in efforts to reduce new HIV infections, especially within the disproportionally affected population of men who have sex with men (MSM). We recently reported that the fecal microbiota of MSM elevates immune activation in gnotobiotic mice and enhances HIV infection in vitro over that of fecal microbiota from men who have sex with women. We also demonstrated elevation of the gut homing marker CD103 (integrin αE) on CD4+ T cells by MSM-microbiota. Here we provide additional evidence that the gut microbiota is a risk factor for HIV transmission in MSM by showing elevated frequencies of the HIV co-receptor CCR5 on CD4+ T cells in human rectosigmoid colon biopsies. We discuss our interest in specific MSM-associated bacteria and propose the influx of CD103+ and CCR5+ CD4+ T cells into the colon as a potential link between the MSM microbiota and HIV transmission.
Diabetes Prevalence and Its Relationship With Education, Wealth, and BMI in 29 Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Jacqueline A. Seiglie, Maja-Emilia Marcus, Cara Ebert, Nikolaos Prodromidis, Pascal Geldsetzer, Michaela Theilmann, Kokou Agoudavi, Glennis Andall-Brereton, Krishna K. Aryal, Brice Wilfried Bicaba, Pascal Bovet, Garry Brian, Maria Dorobantu, Gladwell Gathecha, Mongal Singh Gurung, David Guwatudde, Mohamed Msaidié, Corine Houehanou, Dismand Houinato, Jutta Mari Adelin Jorgensen, Gibson B. Kagaruki, Khem B. Karki, Demetre Labadarios, Joao S. Martins, Mary T. Mayige, Roy Wong-McClure, Joseph Kibachio Mwangi, Omar Mwalim, Bolormaa Norov, Sarah Quesnel-Crooks, Bahendeka K. Silver, Lela Sturua, Lindiwe Tsabedze, Chea Stanford Wesseh, Andrew Stokes, Rifat Atun, Justine I. Davies, Sebastian Vollmer, Till W. Bärnighausen, Lindsay M. Jaacks, James B. Meigs, Deborah J. Wexler, Jennifer Manne-Goehler
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

OBJECTIVEDiabetes is a rapidly growing health problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but empirical data on its prevalence and relationship to socioeconomic status are scarce. We estimated diabetes prevalence and the subset with undiagnosed diabetes in 29 LMICs and evaluated the relationship of education, household wealth, and BMI with diabetes risk.
Applications of patient-derived tumor xenograft models and tumor organoids
Authors: Go J. Yoshida
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2020)

Abstract Patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDXs), in which tumor fragments surgically dissected from cancer patients are directly transplanted into immunodeficient mice, have emerged as a useful model for translational research aimed at facilitating precision medicine. PDX susceptibility to anti-cancer drugs is closely correlated with clinical data in patients, from whom PDX models have been derived. Accumulating evidence suggests that PDX models are highly effective in predicting the efficacy of both conventional and novel anti-cancer therapeutics. This also allows “co-clinical trials,” in which pre-clinical investigations in vivo and clinical trials could be performed in parallel or sequentially to assess drug efficacy in patients and PDXs. However, tumor heterogeneity present in PDX models and in the original tumor samples constitutes an obstacle for application of PDX models. Moreover, human stromal cells originally present in tumors dissected from patients are gradually replaced by host stromal cells as the xenograft grows. This replacement by murine stroma could preclude analysis of human tumor-stroma interactions, as some mouse stromal cytokines might not affect human carcinoma cells in PDX models. The present review highlights the biological and clinical significance of PDX models and three-dimensional patient-derived tumor organoid cultures of several kinds of solid tumors, such as those of the colon, pancreas, brain, breast, lung, skin, and ovary.
Homeless Special Needs Plans for People Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Sachin H. Jain, John Baackes, James J. O’Connell
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Disparities of National Lung Cancer Screening Guidelines in the US Population
Authors: Summer S Han, Eric Chow, Kevin ten Haaf, Iakovos Toumazis, Pianpian Cao, Mehrad Bastani, Martin Tammemagi, Jihyoun Jeon, Eric J Feuer, Rafael Meza, Sylvia K Plevritis
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2020)

Abstract Background Current US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) lung cancer screening guidelines are based on smoking history and age (55–80 years). These guidelines may miss those at higher risk, even at lower exposures of smoking or younger ages, because of other risk factors such as race, family history, or comorbidity. In this study, we characterized the demographic and clinical profiles of those selected by risk-based screening criteria but were missed by USPSTF guidelines in younger (50–54 years) and older (71–80 years) age groups. Methods We used data from the National Health Interview Survey, the CISNET Smoking History Generator, and results of logistic prediction models to simulate lifetime lung cancer risk-factor data for 100 000 individuals in the 1950–1960 birth cohorts. We calculated age-specific 6-year lung cancer risk for each individual from ages 50 to 90 years using the PLCOm2012 model and evaluated age-specific screening eligibility by USPSTF guidelines and by risk-based criteria (varying thresholds between 1.3% and 2.5%). Results In the 1950 birth cohort, 5.4% would have been ineligible for screening by USPSTF criteria in their younger ages but eligible based on risk-based criteria. Similarly, 10.4% of the cohort would be ineligible for screening by USPSTF in older ages. Notably, high proportions of blacks were ineligible for screening by USPSTF criteria at younger (15.6%) and older (14.2%) ages, which were statistically significantly greater than those of whites (4.8% and 10.8%, respectively; P &amp;lt; .001). Similar results were observed with other risk thresholds and for the 1960 cohort. Conclusions Further consideration is needed to incorporate comprehensive risk factors, including race and ethnicity, into lung cancer screening to reduce potential racial disparities.
Annals Story Slam - Innovations: Practices That Build Trust - The Leader Index
Authors: Stephen J. Swensen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Web Exclusives18 February 2020Annals Story Slam - Innovations: Practices That Build Trust - The Leader IndexFREEStephen J. Swensen, MD, MMMStephen J. Swensen, MD, MMMMayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (S.J.S.)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/W20-0007 SectionsAboutVisual Abstract ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Video. Annals Story Slam - Innovations: Practices That Build Trust - The Leader Index "Innovations: Practices That Build Trust - The Leader Index," by Stephen J. Swensen, MD, MMM (Duration 4:56)Building on the popular Annals feature "On Being a Doctor," storytellers share stories about the experience of doctoring on video.For more videos from and information on Annals Story Slam, visit go.annals.org/StorySlam. Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (S.J.S.)Current Author Address: Stephen J. Swensen, MD, MMM, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905; e-mail, swensen.[email protected]edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byA Call to Develop More Anesthesiologist Physician Leaders of Healthcare Organizations 18 February 2020Volume 172, Issue 4Page: SS1 ePublished: 18 February 2020 Issue Published: 18 February 2020 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2020 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
SRSF1 mediates cytokine-induced impaired imatinib sensitivity in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Joanna R. Sinnakannu, Kian Leong Lee, Shanshan Cheng, Jia Li, Mengge Yu, Siew Peng Tan, Clara Chong Hui Ong, Huihua Li, Hein Than, Olga Anczuków-Camarda, Adrian R. Krainer, Xavier Roca, Steven G. Rozen, Jabed Iqbal, Henry Yang, Charles Chuah, Sin Tiong Ong
Journal: Leukemia (2020)
Conversion of effector CD4+ T cells to a CD8+ MHC II-recognizing lineage
Authors: Elizabeth Robins, Ming Zheng, Qingshan Ni, Siqi Liu, Chen Liang, Baojun Zhang, Jian Guo, Yuan Zhuang, You-Wen He, Ping Zhu, Ying Wan, Qi-Jing Li
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2020)
Palm reading and water divining: A cross-sectional study of the accuracy of palmar hyperlinearity and transepidermal water loss to identify individuals with a filaggrin gene null mutation
Authors: Adrian John Lowe, Bambie Lee, David Orchard, Emma King, Michael J. Abramson, Katrina J. Allen, Jennie Hui, Melissa C. Southey, Caroline J. Lodge, Shyamali C. Dharmage
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Immunoblot assay for detection of salivary antibodies directed against Helicobacter pylori
Authors: S KARVAR, W BURGHARDT, U GROSS
Journal: Gut (1998)

may induce constipation.Patients with PCC have normal or slow colonic transit times. 3 It may be that the combination of chloral hydrate and prolonged colonic transit is necessary to allow hydrogen accumulation in the colonic lumen and subsequently in the bowel wall.The diagnostic diYculties of PCC, as posed by case 1, have been reported by others.Colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis for PCC simulating polyposis has been reported, 4 and two sisters only avoided colectomy when the correct diagnosis was made at another hospital. 5 The appearances on flexible sigmoidoscopy and barium enema in case 1 were very suggestive of a carcinoma and ulcerative colitis, and were reported by an experienced gastroenterological consultant radiologist.Thus the potential for diagnostic confusion with PCC is not to be underestimated.It remains to be seen as to whether more reports of PCC in patients taking chloral hydrate are forthcoming in the light of Dr Florin's observations.