tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Longer-Term Outcomes of HIV-Positive–to–HIV-Positive Renal Transplantation
Authors: Philippe Selhorst, Catharina E Combrinck, Kathryn Manning, Francois C J Botha, Jan P L Labuschagne, Colin Anthony, David L Matten, Autumn Breaud, William Clarke, Thomas C Quinn, Andrew D Redd, Carolyn Williamson, Elmi Muller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

To the Editor: The longer-term clinical outcomes of renal transplantation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients who have received organs from HIV-positive donors, as well as the potential risks associated with donorderived HIV superinfection among such patients, are unknown. 1,2We followed all HIV-positive patients in South Africa who received kidney transplants from HIV-positive donors (total of 51 recipients).The study was approved by the University of Cape Town Human Research Ethics committee, and all the patients provided written informed consent.Samples of plasma and peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from 15 donors and 26 recipients who were involved in transplantations performed after 2011.The samples were tested for the presence of antiretroviral drugs, and a deep-sequencing assay was used to test the samples for HIV drug-resistant mutations, evidence of viral inoculum from the donor, and sustained donor-derived HIV superinfection. 3,4ll the recipients had viral suppression at the time of transplantation, and most continued to receive their pretransplantation antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen.(See Supplementary Appendix 1, available with the full text of this letter at NEJM.org, for details of the methods and Table S1 for characteristics of the donors and recipients at baseline.)In an analysis in which the data from patients who died with a functioning graft were censored at the time of death, graft survival was 96% (95% confidence interval [CI], 85 to 99) at 1 year, 93% (95% CI, 79 to 98) at 3 years, and 79% (95% CI, 58 to 91) at 5 years (Fig. 1A).A total of 8 patients (16%) died after transplantation from non-graft-related causes.Patient survival was 87% (95% CI, 74 to 94) at 1 year, 87% (95% CI, 74 to 94)
Circulating tumour cell (CTC) genomic landscape in neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) by single cell copy number analysis
Authors: V. Conteduca, S.-Y. Ku, Y. Wang, L. Fernandez, M. Kearney, J. Lee, R. Jiles, A. Rodriguez, D.M. Nanus, S.T. Tagawa, R. Dittamore, H. Beltran
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Th-17 Lymphocytes, Not Regulatory T Cells, Mediate Immune Regulation of Bone Marrow Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Induce Osteoclast Activation in Multiple Myeloma.
Authors: Kimberly A. Noonan, Judy Anderson, Stephanie Mgebroff, Paolo Serafini, David Roodman, Ivan Borrello
Journal: Blood (2007)
Patterns of Red and Processed Meat Consumption and Risk for Cardiometabolic and Cancer Outcomes
Authors: Robin W.M. Vernooij, Dena Zeraatkar, Mi Ah Han, Regina El Dib, Max Zworth, Kirolos Milio, Daegan Sit, Yung Lee, Huda Gomaa, Claudia Valli, Mateusz J. Swierz, Yaping Chang, Steven E. Hanna, Paula M. Brauer, John Sievenpiper, Russell de Souza, Pablo Alonso-Coello, Malgorzata M. Bala, Gordon H. Guyatt, Bradley C. Johnston
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

This article has been corrected. The original version (PDF) is appended to this article as a Supplement.Studying dietary patterns may provide insights into the potential effects of red and processed meat on health outcomes.To evaluate the effect of dietary patterns, including different amounts of red or processed meat, on all-cause mortality, cardiometabolic outcomes, and cancer incidence and mortality.Systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global from inception to April 2019 with no restrictions on year or language.Teams of 2 reviewers independently screened search results and included prospective cohort studies with 1000 or more participants that reported on the association between dietary patterns and health outcomes.Two reviewers independently extracted data, assessed risk of bias, and evaluated the certainty of evidence using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) criteria.Eligible studies that followed patients for 2 to 34 years revealed low- to very-low-certainty evidence that dietary patterns lower in red and processed meat intake result in very small or possibly small decreases in all-cause mortality, cancer mortality and incidence, cardiovascular mortality, nonfatal coronary heart disease, fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction, and type 2 diabetes. For all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality and incidence of some types of cancer, the total sample included more than 400 000 patients; for other outcomes, total samples included 4000 to more than 300 000 patients.Observational studies are prone to residual confounding, and these studies provide low- or very-low-certainty evidence according to the GRADE criteria.Low- or very-low-certainty evidence suggests that dietary patterns with less red and processed meat intake may result in very small reductions in adverse cardiometabolic and cancer outcomes.None. (PROSPERO: CRD42017074074).
Comparison of three different chemotherapy regimens for concomitant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: A. Işıkdoğan, N. Akdeniz, M. Küçüköner, M.A. Kaplan, Z. Urakçı, O. Karhan, Y. Sezgin, E. Bilen, S. Ebinç, F. Teke, Ş Laçin, O. Alan, O. Ercelep, F. Yumuk
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Myoepithelial tumours of soft tissues and extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas feature a distinct transcriptional pattern
Authors: D. Racanelli, S. Stacchiotti, M. Brenca, M. Sbaraglia, K. Fassetta, D. Baldazzi, S. Piccinin, S. Brich, P.G. Casali, P. Collini, G.P. Dagrada, M. Fiore, A. Gronchi, A. Astolfi, M.A. Pantaleo, A. Righi, S. Pilotti, A.P.i. De Tos, R. Maestro
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Correction: A collaborative translational research framework for evaluating and implementing the appropriate use of human genome sequencing to improve health
Authors: Muin J. Khoury, W. Gregory Feero, David A. Chambers, Lawrence C. Brody, Nazneen Aziz, Robert C. Green, A. Cecile J. W. Janssens, Michael F. Murray, Laura Lyman Rodriguez, Joni L. Rutter, Sheri D. Schully, Deborah M. Winn, George A. Mensah
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2018)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002631.].
Expression of long noncoding RNA and clinical outcomes of pancreatic cancer patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy by S-1 or GEM after curative resection
Authors: M. Kamiya, Y. Miyagi, Y. Kamioka, H. Yotsumoto, H. Inoue, M. Murakawa, Y. Nakamura, M. Yoshihara, T. Yamada, N. Yamamoto, T. Oshima, M. Shiozawa, N. Yukawa, Y. Rino, M. Masuda, S. Morinaga
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Quality of life (QoL) in patients with aflibercept (AFL) and FOLFIRI for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): Interim analysis with focus on mutational status of the non-interventional study QoLiTrap (AIO-LQ-0113)
Authors: R. von Moos, F. Scholten, H.-G. Derigs, B. Grünberger, J. Thaler, R.D. Hofheinz
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Epidemic Myalgia: Bornholm Disease
Authors: N S Craig
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reanalysis of the efficacy of molecular targeted agents (MTAs) given in the randomized trial SHIVA01 according to the ESMO ESCAT scale of actionability
Authors: A. Moreira, S. Vacher, C. Lecerf, M. Frelaut, M.P. Sablin, D. Loirat, F. Ricci, S. Hescot, E. Borcoman, N. Torossian, J. Masliah-Planchon, C. Callens, A. Salomon, I. Bieche, C. Le Tourneau, M. Kamal
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Phase Ib/II study (SENSITIZE) assessing safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and clinical outcome of domatinostat in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced melanoma refractory/non-responding to prior checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Authors: J.C. Hassel, C. Berking, T. Eigentler, R. Gutzmer, P.A. Ascierto, B. Schilling, F. Hermann, R. Bartz, D. Schadendorf
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
ASN002 demonstrates efficacy and improves inflammation in AD
Authors: R. Bissonnette, C. Maari, S. Forman, N. Bhatia, M. Lee, J. Fowler, S. Tyring, D. Pariser, H. Sofen, S. Dhawan, M. Zook, D.J. Zammit, H. Usansky, L. Denis, N. Rao, T. Song, A.B. Pavel, E. Guttman‐Yassky
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

Few medicines are available for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe atopic eczema. ASN002 is a new oral (taken by mouth) drug being tested that has been shown to reduce the activity of various proteins playing a role in skin inflammation. In the present study, the safety and efficacy of different doses of ASN002, administered once daily for 4 weeks, were evaluated and compared to a placebo in patients with moderate‑to‑severe eczema. The placebo was a tablet made from the same base product used to make ASN002, but that did not contain any active medication. A total of 27 patients received ASN002 and nine patients received the placebo. In general, ASN002 was well tolerated and caused limited side effects, with higher doses of ASN002 not causing more frequent or severe side effects. After four weeks of treatment, patients who received ASN002 had a better improvement in the severity of their eczema compared to patients who received the placebo, and these positive effects were noted as early as two weeks following the start of treatment. Treatment with ASN002 also rapidly improved the degree of itch and was associated with a significant reduction in the level of proteins circulating in the blood that are involved in inflammation. Taken together, the encouraging efficacy and safety profile of ASN002 warrants further investigation of ASN002 in patients with moderate‑to‑severe eczema.
Phase I dose-escalation and expansion study of the PARP inhibitor, fluzoparib (SHR3162), in patients with advanced solid tumours
Authors: H. Li, J. Xu, B. shao, R. Liu, R. ran, G. Song, H. Jiang, K. Wang, Y. Shi, J. Liu, W. Hu, F. Chen, G. Zhang, Y. Wang, C. Zhao, J. Ru, Q. wang, H.S. Rugo, G. Li
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Race, Natriuretic Peptides, and High-Carbohydrate Challenge
Authors: Nirav Patel, Griffin K. Russell, Kiran Musunuru, Orlando M. Gutierrez, Ganesh Halade, Vasundhara Kain, Wenjian Lv, Sumanth D. Prabhu, Kenneth B. Margulies, Thomas P. Cappola, Garima Arora, Thomas J. Wang, Pankaj Arora
Journal: Circulation Research (2019)

Rationale: Lower NP (natriuretic peptide) levels may contribute to the development of cardiometabolic diseases. Blacks have lower NP levels than middle-aged and older white adults. A high-carbohydrate challenge causes an upregulation of a negative ANP regulator microRNA-425 ( miR-425 ), which reduces ANP (atrial-NP) levels in whites. Objectives: We designed a prospective trial to study racial differences in (1) NP levels among young adults, (2) NP response to a high-carbohydrate challenge, and (3) explore underlying mechanisms for race-based differences. Methods and Results: Healthy self-identified blacks and whites received 3 days of study diet followed by a high-carbohydrate challenge. Gene expression from whole blood RNA was assessed in the trial participants. Additionally, atrial and ventricular tissue samples from the Myocardial Applied Genomics Network repository were examined for NP system gene expression. Among 72 healthy participants, we found that B-type-NP, NT-proBNP (N-terminal-pro-B-type NP), and MRproANP (midregional-pro-ANP) levels were 30%, 47%, and 18% lower in blacks compared with whites ( P ≤0.01), respectively. The decrease in MRproANP levels in response to a high-carbohydrate challenge differed by race (blacks 23% [95% CI, 19%–27%] versus whites 34% [95% CI, 31%–38]; P interaction &lt;0.001), with no change in NT-proBNP levels. We did not observe any racial differences in expression of genes encoding for NPs ( NPPA/NPPB ) or NP signaling ( NPR1 ) in atrial and ventricular tissues. NP processing ( corin ), clearance ( NPR3 ), and regulation ( miR-425 ) genes were ≈3.5-, ≈2.5-, and ≈2-fold higher in blacks than whites in atrial tissues, respectively. We also found a 2-and 8-fold higher whole blood RNA expression of gene encoding for Neprilysin ( MME ) and miR-425 among blacks than whites. Conclusions: Racial differences in NP levels are evident in young, healthy adults suggesting a state of NP deficiency exists in blacks. Impaired NP processing and clearance may contribute to race-based NP differences. Higher miR-425 levels in blacks motivate additional studies to understand differences in NP downregulation after physiological perturbations. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03072602 . Unique identifier: NCT03072602.
Evaluation of Risk Factors for Heart-Lung Transplant Recipient Outcome
Authors: Yasuhiro Shudo, Hanjay Wang, Bharathi Lingala, Hao He, Flora Y. Kim, William Hiesinger, Anson M. Lee, Jack H. Boyd, Maria Currie, Y. Joseph Woo
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Heart-lung transplantation (HLTx) is an effective treatment for patients with advanced cardiopulmonary failure. However, no large multicenter study has focused on the relationship between donor and recipient risk factors and post-HLTx outcomes. Thus, we investigated this issue using data from the United Network for Organ Sharing database. Methods: All adult patients (age ≥18 years) registered in the United Network for Organ Sharing database who underwent HLTx between 1987 and 2017 were included (n=997). We stratified the cohort by patients who were alive without retransplant at 1 year (n=664) and patients who died or underwent retransplant within 1 year of HLTx (n=333). The primary outcome was the influence of donor and recipient characteristics on 1-year post-HLTx recipient death or retransplant. Kaplan-Meier curves were created to assess overall freedom from death or retransplant. To obtain a better effect estimation on hazard and survival time, the parametric Accelerated Failure Time model was chosen to perform time-to-event modeling analyses. Results: Overall graft survival at 1-year post-HLTx was 66.6%. Of donors, 53% were male, and the mean age was 28.2 years. Univariable analysis showed advanced donor age, recipient male sex, recipient creatinine, recipient history of prior cardiac or lung surgery, recipient extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, transplant year, and transplant center volume were associated with 1-year post-HLTx death or retransplant. On multivariable analysis, advanced donor age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.017; P =0.0007), recipient male sex (HR, 1.701; P =0.0002), recipient extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support (HR, 4.854; P &lt;0.0001), transplant year (HR, 0.962; P &lt;0.0001), and transplantation at low-volume (HR, 1.694) and medium-volume centers (HR, 1.455) in comparison with high-volume centers ( P =0.0007) remained as significant predictors of death or retransplant. These predictors were incorporated into an equation capable of estimating the preliminary probability of graft survival at 1-year post-HLTx on the basis of preoperative factors alone. Conclusions: HLTx outcomes may be improved by considering the strong influence of donor age, recipient sex, recipient hemodynamic status, and transplant center volume. Marginal donors and recipients without significant factors contributing to poor post-HLTx outcomes may still be considered for transplantation, potentially with less impact on the risk of early postoperative death or retransplant.
Brain metastases, treatment patterns and outcomes in ROS1-positive NSCLC patients from US oncology community centers
Authors: M.G. Krebs, L. Perez, A. Surinach, R.C. Doebele, R. Martina, M. Martinec, T. Riehl, N.J. Meropol, W. Wong, G. Crane
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Effect of Lower Versus Higher Red Meat Intake on Cardiometabolic and Cancer Outcomes
Authors: Dena Zeraatkar, Bradley C. Johnston, Jessica Bartoszko, Kevin Cheung, Malgorzata M. Bala, Claudia Valli, Montserrat Rabassa, Daegen Sit, Kirolos Milio, Behnam Sadeghirad, Arnav Agarwal, Adriana M. Zea, Yung Lee, Mi Ah Han, Robin W.M. Vernooij, Pablo Alonso-Coello, Gordon H. Guyatt, Regina El Dib
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

This article has been corrected. The original version (PDF) is appended to this article as a Supplement.Few randomized trials have evaluated the effect of reducing red meat intake on clinically important outcomes.To summarize the effect of lower versus higher red meat intake on the incidence of cardiometabolic and cancer outcomes in adults.EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Web of Science, and ProQuest from inception to July 2018 and MEDLINE from inception to April 2019, without language restrictions.Randomized trials (published in any language) comparing diets lower in red meat with diets higher in red meat that differed by a gradient of at least 1 serving per week for 6 months or more.Teams of 2 reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence.Of 12 eligible trials, a single trial enrolling 48 835 women provided the most credible, though still low-certainty, evidence that diets lower in red meat may have little or no effect on all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.99 [95% CI, 0.95 to 1.03]), cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.98 [CI, 0.91 to 1.06]), and cardiovascular disease (HR, 0.99 [CI, 0.94 to 1.05]). That trial also provided low- to very-low-certainty evidence that diets lower in red meat may have little or no effect on total cancer mortality (HR, 0.95 [CI, 0.89 to 1.01]) and the incidence of cancer, including colorectal cancer (HR, 1.04 [CI, 0.90 to 1.20]) and breast cancer (HR, 0.97 [0.90 to 1.04]).There were few trials, most addressing only surrogate outcomes, with heterogeneous comparators and small gradients in red meat consumption between lower versus higher intake groups.Low- to very-low-certainty evidence suggests that diets restricted in red meat may have little or no effect on major cardiometabolic outcomes and cancer mortality and incidence.None (PROSPERO: CRD42017074074).
Characteristics of Venous Thrombi in Animal Models of Obesity, Diabetes and Hypertension
Authors: Fernanda Dutra Santiago-Bassora, Aline Barnabé, Kiara Cristina Senger Zapponi, Anna Virginia Calazans Romano, Any Elisa de Souza Smidt Gonçalves, Mario Jose Abdalla Saad, Jose Antonio Diaz, Erich Vinicius De Paula, Joyce Maria Annichino-Bizzacchi
Journal: Blood (2016)
The effect of sarcopenia on acute chemotherapy toxicity in gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing systemic therapy
Authors: N. Ozdemir, O. Yazici, K. Silay, G. Ucar, T. Eren, D. sener dede, M.A.N. Sendur, M.B. Akinci, A. Baykal, B. Yalcin, N. Zengin
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Immune activation with a novel immune switch anti-macrophage antibody (anti-Clever-1 mAb; FP-1305) in phase I/II first-in-human MATINS trial in patients with advanced solid tumours
Authors: P. Bono, M. Hollmen, P. Jaakkola, S. Shetty, A. Thibault, M.J.A. de Jonge, A.R. Minchom, Y.T. Ma, C. Yap, D. Robbrecht, A. Pasanen, S. Jalkanen, R. Cruz, A. Pal, M.K. Karvonen, J. Mandelin, J. Koivunen
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Discovery of clinical candidate DBPR112, a furanopyrimidine-based epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: H.-P. Hsieh, J.-Y. Chang, C.-T. Yeh, S.-Y. Lin, Y.-Y. Ke, W.-H. Lin, T.-A. Hsu, S.-Y. Wu, T.-K. Yeh
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Pathophysiology of Psychogenic Nonepileptic Attacks
Authors: Ali A. Asadi-Pooya
Journal: JAMA (2019)

To the Editor In the Viewpoint on treatment of patients with psychogenic nonepileptic attacks (PNEA), Dr Tolchin and colleagues mentioned that “once the diagnosis of PNEA is made, psychotherapy is the treatment of choice.”1 I would like to raise a question about this statement.
Impact of sarcopenia and adiposity in survival of metastatic esophageal cancer (MEC)
Authors: A.F. Fares, K. Taylor, J. Bajwa, G. Dong, D.V. Araujo, K. Hueniken, D. Patel, E.X. Chen, J.J. Knox, R W-J Jang, R. Wong, G. Darling, E. Elimova, W. Xu, D. Rozenberg, G. Liu, M. Mcinnis
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Abstract 2652: Bivalirudin During Early Invasive Strategy for Acute Coronary Syndromes: Noninferiority in ACUITY Lies in the Eyes of the Beholder
Authors: Sanjay Kaul, Prediman K Shah, George A Diamond
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background: A non-inferiority (NI) trial, ACUITY, concluded that bivalirudin (Bv) alone or Bv+glycoprotein 2b/3a inhibitor (GPI) (new treatment) is noninferior to heparin/enoxaparin (Hep/Enox) +GPI...
Real-world outcomes of patients with locally advanced or metastatic epithelioid sarcoma
Authors: M.M. Gounder, P. Merriam, R. Ratan, S.R. Patel, R. Chugh, V. Villalobos, M. Thorton, B.A. Van Tine, A.H. Abdelhamid, P. Joshi, J. Whalen, J. Yang, A. Rajarethinam, M.S. Duh, P.J. Bobbili, C.L. Cavanaugh, L. Huynh, T. Totev, G. Demetri
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Early adaptive immune activation detected in monozygotic twins with prodromal multiple sclerosis
Authors: Eduardo Beltrán, Lisa Ann Gerdes, Julia Hansen, Andrea Flierl-Hecht, Stefan Krebs, Helmut Blum, Birgit Ertl-Wagner, Frederik Barkhof, Tania Kümpfel, Reinhard Hohlfeld, Klaus Dornmair
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2019)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disabling disease of the CNS. Inflammatory features of MS include lymphocyte accumulations in the CNS and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The preclinical events leading to established MS are still enigmatic. Here we compared gene expression patterns of CSF cells from MS-discordant monozygotic twin pairs. Six "healthy" co-twins, who carry a maximal familial risk for developing MS, showed subclinical neuroinflammation (SCNI) with small MRI lesions. Four of these subjects had oligoclonal bands (OCBs). By single-cell RNA sequencing of 2752 CSF cells, we identified clonally expanded CD8+ T cells, plasmablasts, and, to a lesser extent, CD4+ T cells not only from MS patients but also from subjects with SCNI. In contrast to nonexpanded T cells, clonally expanded T cells showed characteristics of activated tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells. The TRM-like phenotype was detectable already in cells from SCNI subjects but more pronounced in cells from patients with definite MS. Expanded plasmablast clones were detected only in MS and SCNI subjects with OCBs. Our data provide evidence for very early concomitant activation of 3 components of the adaptive immune system in MS, with a notable contribution of clonally expanded TRM-like CD8+ cells.