tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intervention Improves Kids’ Attitudes About Mental Disorders
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Delayed Denosumab Injections and Fracture Risk Among Patients With Osteoporosis
Authors: Houchen Lyu, Kazuki Yoshida, Sizheng S. Zhao, Jie Wei, Chao Zeng, Sara K. Tedeschi, Benjamin Z. Leder, Guanghua Lei, Peifu Tang, Daniel H. Solomon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Denosumab is effective for osteoporosis, but discontinuation leads to rapid reversal of its therapeutic effect.
SARS-CoV-2 IGM and IGG rapid serologic test for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in the emergency department
Authors: Marta Cancella de Abreu, Christophe Choquet, Héloise Petit, Donia Bouzid, Florence Damond, Stephane Marot, Valentine Marie Ferre, Sonia Burrel, David Boutolleau, Nadhira Houdou-Fidouh, Anne-Geneviève Marcelin, Diane Descamps, Pierre Hausfater
Journal: Journal of Infection (2020)
The Myocardium in Aortic Stenosis Revisited
Authors: Patrizia Camelliti, Janos Kriston-Vizi, Rocío Eiros, George D. Thornton, Konstantinos Savvatis, Michael A. Ashworth, Begoña Lopez, Arantxa González, James C. Moon, Thomas A. Treibel
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2020)
Tricuspid Valve-in-Valve and Bioprosthetic Surgical Tricuspid and Pulmonic Valve Degeneration
Authors: Stephanie L. Sellers, Mark Hensey, Timothy R.G. Cartlidge, Christopher T. Turner, Karen Lau, Althea Lai, Hannah Salcudean, Janarthanan Sathananthan, Bruce M. McManus, David J. Granville, Geoffrey W. Payne, Philippe Pibarot, John G. Webb, David E. Newby, Philipp Blanke, Michael A. Seidman, Marc R. Dweck, Jonathon A. Leipsic
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2020)
Training of Male and Female Surgical Residents
Authors: Hillary J. Braun, Nancy L. Ascher
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Definition and Characterization of a Peptide Warehouse for the Patient-Individualized Peptide Vaccination Study (iVAC-L-CLL01) after First Line Therapy of CLL
Authors: Tatjana Bilich, Annika Nelde, Daniel Johannes Kowalewski, Lothar Kanz, Hans-Georg Rammensee, Stefan Stevanovic, Helmut R. Salih, Juliane Sarah Walz
Journal: Blood (2017)
Unraveling GLUT‐mediated transcytosis pathway of glycosylated nanodisks
Authors: Huan Wang, Zui Zhang, Juan Guan, Weiyue Lu, Changyou Zhan
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2020)

Glucose transporter (GLUT)-mediated transcytosis has been validated as an efficient method to cross the blood-brain barrier and enhance brain transport of nanomedicines. However, the transcytosis process remains elusive. Glycopeptide-modified nanodisks (Gly-A7R-NDs), which demonstrated high capacity of brain targeting via GLUT-mediated transcytosis in our previous reports, were utilized to better understand the whole transcytosis process. Gly-A7R-NDs internalized brain capillary endothelial cells mainly via GLUT-mediated/clathrin dependent endocytosis and macropinocytosis. The intracellular Gly-A7R-NDs remained intact, and the main excretion route of Gly-A7R-NDs was lysosomal exocytosis. Glycosylation of nanomedicine was crucial in GLUT-mediated transcytosis, while morphology did not affect the efficiency. This study highlights the pivotal roles of lysosomal exocytosis in the process of GLUT-mediated transcytosis, providing a new impetus to development of brain targeting drug delivery by accelerating lysosomal exocytosis.
TCF4-mediated Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy: Insights into a common trinucleotide repeat-associated disease
Authors: Michael P. Fautsch, Eric D. Wieben, Keith H. Baratz, Nihar Bhattacharyya, Amanda N. Sadan, Nathaniel J. Hafford-Tear, Stephen J. Tuft, Alice E. Davidson
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2020)

Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a common cause for heritable visual loss in the elderly. Since the first description of an association between FECD and common polymorphisms situated within the transcription factor 4 (TCF4) gene, genetic and molecular studies have implicated an intronic CTG trinucleotide repeat (CTG18.1) expansion as a causal variant in the majority of FECD patients. To date, several non-mutually exclusive mechanisms have been proposed that drive and/or exacerbate the onset of disease. These mechanisms include (i) TCF4 dysregulation; (ii) toxic gain-of-function from TCF4 repeat-containing RNA; (iii) toxic gain-of-function from repeat-associated non-AUG dependent (RAN) translation; and (iv) somatic instability of CTG18.1. However, the relative contribution of these proposed mechanisms in disease pathogenesis is currently unknown. In this review, we summarise research implicating the repeat expansion in disease pathogenesis, define the phenotype-genotype correlations between FECD and CTG18.1 expansion, and provide an update on research tools that are available to study FECD as a trinucleotide repeat expansion disease. Furthermore, ongoing international research efforts to develop novel CTG18.1 expansion-mediated FECD therapeutics are highlighted and we provide a forward-thinking perspective on key unanswered questions that remain in the field.
Benefits of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Beyond Baseline Screening
Authors: Catherine M. Tuite, Maggie L. DiNome, Lori J. Goldstein
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Kathryn P. Lowry, MD; Rebecca Yates Coley, PhD; Diana L. Miglioretti, PhD; Karla Kerlikowske, MD; Louise M. Henderson, PhD; Tracy Onega, PhD; Brian L. Sprague, PhD; Janie M. Lee, MD, MSc; Sally Herschorn, MD; Anna N. A. Tosteson, ScD; Garth Rauscher, PhD; Christoph I. Lee, MD, MS
Dual-Phase 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT in the Characterization of Enhancing Solid Renal Tumors
Authors: Hongjing Zhu, Bo Yang, Aisheng Dong, Huamao Ye, Chao Cheng, Guixia Pan, Changjing Zuo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the value of dual-phase 99m Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant enhancing solid renal tumors. Patients and Methods Totally, 180 patients were imaged with dual-phase 99m Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT, which was performed 30 minutes and 90 minutes after 99m Tc-MIBI administration. Among them, 147 patients with 148 histologically proved solid renal tumors met the selection criteria and were included for the final analysis. Relative quantification was performed by measuring the radioactive uptake ratio of tumor to the normal renal parenchymal background for both early and delayed images. Results Benign renal tumors (4 renal oncocytomas and 8 lipid-poor angiomyolipomas) demonstrated a significantly higher early relative uptake value (ERUV) and delayed relative uptake value (DRUV) than malignant renal tumors (n = 136; both P &lt; 0.0001). The ERUV cutoff value of 0.53 helped to differentiate benign from malignant renal tumors, with sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 94.8%, and accuracy of 95.3% for the diagnosis of benign renal tumors. The DRUV cutoff value of 0.50 helped to differentiate benign from malignant renal tumors, with sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 96.3%, and accuracy of 96.6% for the diagnosis of benign renal tumors. There was no statistically significant difference between the efficacy of ERUV and DRUV in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant renal tumors ( P = 0.5). The efficacies of ERUV and DRUV were all significantly higher than the retention index (both P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions Both early and delayed phase 99m Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT are helpful for distinguishing benign renal oncocytoma and lipid-poor angiomyolipoma from malignant renal tumors, and the delayed phase imaging tends to show higher diagnostic accuracy.
Colonoscopy-related adverse events and mortality in an Italian organized colorectal cancer screening program
Authors: Luca Benazzato, Manuel Zorzi, Giulio Antonelli, Stefano Guzzinati, Cesare Hassan, Alberto Fantin
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Post-colonoscopy adverse events are a key quality indicator in population-based colorectal cancer screening programs, and affect safety and costs. This study aimed to assess colonoscopy-related adverse events and mortality in a screening setting.We retrieved data from patients undergoing colonoscopy within a screening program (fecal immunochemical test every 2 years, 50-69-year-olds, or post-polypectomy surveillance) in Italy between 2002 and 2014, to assess the rate of post-colonoscopy adverse events and mortality. Any admission within 30 days of screening colonoscopy was reviewed to capture possible events. Mortality registries were also matched with endoscopy databases to investigate 30-day post-colonoscopy mortality. Association of each outcome with patient-/procedure-related variables was assessed using multivariable analysis.Overall, 117 881 screening colonoscopies (66 584, 56.5 %, with polypectomy) were included. Overall, 497 (0.42 %) post-colonoscopy adverse events occurred: 281 (0.24 %) bleedings (3.69‰/0.68‰, operative/diagnostic procedures) and 65 (0.06 %) perforations (0.75‰/0.29‰, respectively). At multivariable analysis, bleeding was associated with polyp size (≥ 20 mm: odds ratio [OR] 16.29, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 9.38-28.29), proximal location (OR 1.46, 95 %CI 1.14-1.87), and histology severity (high risk adenoma: OR 5.6, 95 %CI 2.43-12.91), while perforation was associated with endoscopic resection (OR 2.91, 95 %CI 1.62-5.22), polyp size (OR 4.34, 95 %CI 1.46-12.92), and proximal location (OR 1.94, 95 %CI 1.12-3.37). Post-colonoscopy mortality occurred in 15 /117 881 cases (1.27/10 000 colonoscopies).In an organized screening program, post-colonoscopy adverse events were rare but not negligible. The most frequent event was post-polypectomy bleeding, especially after resection of large (≥ 20 mm) and proximal lesions.
Abstract IA22: Tumor cells highjack diverse cellular processes to maintain redox balance
Authors: Hai-Feng Zhang, Amal M. El Naggar, Hongwei Cheng, Wei Li, Dimiter S. Dimitrov, Poul H. Sorensen
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract In aggressive sarcomas such as Ewing sarcoma (EwS) and osteosarcoma (OS), the single most powerful predictor of poor outcome is metastatic disease, highlighting the critical need to identify new factors driving metastasis in these diseases. Metastasis is widely regarded as a very inefficient process, likely due to diverse stress forms that can potentially cull premetastatic cancer cells during the metastatic cascade, including hypoxia in primary tumors, anoikis stress in the circulation, and increased oxidative stress at distant organs prior to colonization. Adaptation to such conditions requires rapid stress-alleviating plasticity to confer fitness for metastatic progression, but mechanisms remain elusive. Studies in our laboratory indicate that mitigation of oxidative stress, not only during local invasion at the primary tumor site but also in the circulation during dissemination, and potentially as part of colonization at distant sites, is critical for childhood sarcoma metastatic capacity. Indeed, EwS and OS cells appear to utilize many different strategies to maintain redox balance, such as the induction of antioxidant pathways involving NRF2 or through other mechanisms such as alterations in amino acid transporter systems to facilitate production of glutathione and other antioxidants via amino acid metabolism. Some of these pathways are transcriptionally regulated, such as by direct activation of EWS-ETS fusion targets, while others are regulated through rapid translational activation by pioneer translation factors such as YB-1. Examples of each of these processes will be discussed. Citation Format: Hai-Feng Zhang, Amal M. El Naggar, Hongwei Cheng, Wei Li, Dimiter S. Dimitrov, Poul H. Sorensen. Tumor cells highjack diverse cellular processes to maintain redox balance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 17-20; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(14 Suppl):Abstract nr IA22.
In the fight for racial justice, the sidelines are no longer an option
Authors: Tracy Blake
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

The British Journal of Sports Medicine (BJSM) has worked diligently to position itself as ‘a multi-media platform that provides original research, reviews and debate relating to clinically-relevant aspects of sport and exercise medicine, including physiotherapy, physical therapy, and rehabilitation’.1 Its global community and partnership network includes well over 10 000 sport and exercise medicine (SEM) physicians and sport physiotherapists—each with an ethical obligation to prioritise athlete health, safety and well-being . When the BJSM chooses to amplify an issue, the sport and exercise medicine community listens. When the BJSM chooses to remain silent, as it has on the impact of racism, colonialism and white supremacy on athlete health, safety and well-being, that silence speaks volumes.

Racism is a human rights issue and a public health issue. The murder of George Floyd has become the catalyst for reflection, reckoning and reform the world over. The BJSM is not exempt. Much like the Translating Research into Injury Prevention Practice model2 would suggest, the BJSM must better understand the presentation and burden of racism, colonialism and white supremacy, and identify factors that …
LGE for Risk Stratification in Primary Prevention in Children With HCM
Authors: Joanna Petryka-Mazurkiewicz, Lidia Ziolkowska, Monika Kowalczyk-Domagala, Lukasz Mazurkiewicz, Agnieszka Boruc, Mateusz Spiewak, Jolanta Misko, Katarzyna Bieganowska, Magdalena Marczak, Grazyna Brzezinska-Rajszys
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2020)
Safety and efficacy of BAY1436032 in IDH1-mutant AML: phase I study results
Authors: Michael Heuser, Neil Palmisiano, Ioannis Mantzaris, Alice Mims, Courtney DiNardo, Lewis R. Silverman, Eunice S. Wang, Walter Fiedler, Claudia Baldus, Sebastian Schwind, Timothy Pardee, Alexander E. Perl, Charles Cai, Stefan Kaulfuss, Eleni Lagkadinou, Christine Rentzsch, Markus Wagner, Gary Wilkinson, Bingyan Wu, Michael Jeffers, Isabelle Genvresse, Alwin Krämer
Journal: Leukemia (2020)

Abstract The mutant IDH1 (mIDH1) inhibitor BAY1436032 demonstrated robust activity in preclinical AML models, supporting clinical evaluation. In the current dose-escalation study, BAY1436032 was orally administered to 27 mIDH1 AML subjects across 4 doses ranging from 300 to 1500 mg twice-daily. BAY1436032 exhibited a relatively short half-life and apparent non-linear pharmacokinetics after continuous dosing. Most subjects experienced only partial target inhibition as indicated by plasma R-2HG levels. BAY1436032 was safe and a maximum tolerated dose was not identified. The median treatment duration for all subjects was 3.0 months (0.49–8.5). The overall response rate was 15% (4/27; 1 CRp, 1 PR, 2 MLFS), with responding subjects experiencing a median treatment duration of 6.0 months (3.9–8.5) and robust R-2HG decreases. Thirty percent (8/27) achieved SD, with a median treatment duration of 5.5 months (3.1–7.0). Degree of R-2HG inhibition and clinical benefit did not correlate with dose. Although BAY1436032 was safe and modestly effective as monotherapy, the low overall response rate and incomplete target inhibition achieved at even the highest dose tested do not support further clinical development of this investigational agent in AML.
Evaluation of the mRNA-1273 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Kizzmekia S Corbett, Barbara Flynn, Kathryn E Foulds, Joseph R Francica, Seyhan Boyoglu-Barnum, Anne P Werner, Britta Flach, Sarah O'Connell, Kevin W Bock, Mahnaz Minai, Bianca M Nagata, Hanne Andersen, David R Martinez, Amy T Noe, Naomi Douek, Mitzi M Donaldson, Nadesh N Nji, Gabriela S Alvarado, Darin K Edwards, Dillon R Flebbe, Evan Lamb, Nicole A Doria-Rose, Bob C Lin, Mark K Louder, Sijy O'Dell, Stephen D Schmidt, Emily Phung, Lauren A Chang, Christina Yap, John-Paul M Todd, Laurent Pessaint, Alex Van Ry, Shanai Browne, Jack Greenhouse, Tammy Putman-Taylor, Amanda Strasbaugh, Tracey-Ann Campbell, Anthony Cook, Alan Dodson, Katelyn Steingrebe, Wei Shi, Yi Zhang, Olubukola M Abiona, Lingshu Wang, Amarendra Pegu, Eun Sung Yang, Kwanyee Leung, Tongqing Zhou, I-Ting Teng, Alicia Widge, Ingelise Gordon, Laura Novik, Rebecca A Gillespie, Rebecca J Loomis, Juan I Moliva, Guillaume Stewart-Jones, Sunny Himansu, Wing-Pui Kong, Martha C Nason, Kaitlyn M Morabito, Tracy J Ruckwardt, Julie E Ledgerwood, Martin R Gaudinski, Peter D Kwong, John R Mascola, Andrea Carfi, Mark G Lewis, Ralph S Baric, Adrian McDermott, Ian N Moore, Nancy J Sullivan, Mario Roederer, Robert A Seder, Barney S Graham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Vaccines to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) are urgently needed. The effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines on viral replication in both upper and lower airways is important to evaluate in nonhuman primates. Nonhuman primates received 10 or 100 μg of mRNA-1273, a vaccine encoding the prefusion-stabilized spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, or no vaccine. Antibody and T-cell responses were assessed before upper- and lower-airway challenge with SARS-CoV-2. Active viral replication and viral genomes in bronchoalveolar-lavage (BAL) fluid and nasal swab specimens were assessed by polymerase chain reaction, and histopathological analysis and viral quantification were performed on lung-tissue specimens. The mRNA-1273 vaccine candidate induced antibody levels exceeding those in human convalescent-phase serum, with live-virus reciprocal 50% inhibitory dilution (ID50) geometric mean titers of 501 in the 10-μg dose group and 3481 in the 100-μg dose group. Vaccination induced type 1 helper T-cell (Th1)-biased CD4 T-cell responses and low or undetectable Th2 or CD8 T-cell responses. Viral replication was not detectable in BAL fluid by day 2 after challenge in seven of eight animals in both vaccinated groups. No viral replication was detectable in the nose of any of the eight animals in the 100-μg dose group by day 2 after challenge, and limited inflammation or detectable viral genome or antigen was noted in lungs of animals in either vaccine group. Vaccination of nonhuman primates with mRNA-1273 induced robust SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity, rapid protection in the upper and lower airways, and no pathologic changes in the lung. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.).
Comment on ‘Characteristics associated with hospitalisation for COVID-19 in people with rheumatic disease: data from the COVID-19 global rheumatology alliance physician-reported registry’ by Gianfrancesco M et al
Authors: Ioana Andreica, David Kiefer, Guenther A Rezniczek, Robert Jast, Bjoern Buehring, Uta Kiltz, Xenofon Baraliakos, Juergen Braun
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

We read with interest the publication on COVID-19 outcomes related to hospitalisation of people with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (CIRD) by Gianfrancesco et al .1 In our centre, we have taken a different approach by contacting 1495 patients with CIRD by telephone to ask for COVID-19 tests and symptoms. A total of 917 patients who agreed to participate (61%) was interviewed between 15 April and 15 June 2020: about 60% women, mean age 54, mean disease duration 12 years. Most had spondyloarthritis (SpA) including psoriatic arthritis (51%), 41% rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 7% connective tissue diseases (CTD), mainly lupus. In RA, rheumatoid factor was found in 88%, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) in 77% and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B27 in 73% of patients with axSpA, while 92% with CTD had antinuclear antibodies. Less than half of patients were vaccinated against pneumococci (43%) and influenca (47%).

The German government started a national shutdown on 22 March 2020. To give some guidance to rheumatologists, the German Society of Rheumatology (DGRh) released recommendations on 29 April 2020.2 Our survey started about 2 weeks earlier.

The care of our patients with CIRD is largely based on the ‘treat to …
The soluble glycoprotein NMB (GPNMB) produced by macrophages induces cancer stemness and metastasis via CD44 and IL-33
Authors: M. Liguori, E. Digifico, A. Vacchini, R. Avigni, F. S. Colombo, E. M. Borroni, F. M. Farina, S. Milanesi, A. Castagna, L. Mannarino, I. Craparotta, S. Marchini, E. Erba, N. Panini, M. Tamborini, V. Rimoldi, P. Allavena, C. Belgiovine
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2020)
RCP: Voluntary appointments must reflect diversity of medical workforce
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The Royal College of Physicians must do more to fill voluntary roles with people from more diverse backgrounds, a review has said.

Voluntary roles at the college cover a wide range of activities, including acting as trustees, committee members, members of the patient and carer network, and examiners.

The review was conducted by Ben Summerskill, previously chief executive of the charity Stonewall and a commissioner at the Equality and Human Rights commission, to assess the college’s performance on diversity in its workforce and to make recommendations.

It found that just over a third (39%) of UK members of the RCP were from an ethnic minority …
Abstract 9575: Exercise Effects Quality of Life, Depression, and Anxiety After an ICD
Authors: Cynthia M Dougherty, Robert L Burr, Peter J Kudenchuk, Robb Glenny
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: The impact of exercise on quality of life and psychological function in persons with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) has not been extensively studied. The purpose of t...