tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 19320: Intensity-dependent Exercise Regulates Mitochondrial Quality Control to Attenuate Cardiac Remodeling in Aged Mice
Authors: Dajun Zhao, Yang Sun, Zhigang Qin, Yanzhen Tan, Lin Zhao, Zhengbin Zhang, Feng Gao, Wei Yi
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Exercise protects against myocardial infarction (MI). However, the relationship between favorable cardioprotections and the intensity of exercise for the elderly patients remains contro...
Realizing Shared Decision-making in Practice
Authors: Mary Catherine Beach, Jeremy Sugarman
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prevention green paper lacks ambition, say critics
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2019)

The government’s green paper on preventing ill health in the next decade has been widely criticised as a “missed opportunity” for failing to tackle widening health inequalities, stalling life expectancy, increasing obesity levels, and damage from alcohol.

The paper, published by the Department of Health and Social Care,1 sets a target for England to be smoke free by 2030 and promises an evidenced based review of NHS Health Checks, a ban on selling energy drinks to under 16s, and new strategies to increase uptake of vaccination and to prevent sexually transmitted diseases.

It also promises a new “composite health index,” as recommended last year by England’s chief medical officer, to track the nation’s wellbeing and to be used to evaluate the effects of wider government policies.

But it lacks positive commitment in terms of action on food and obesity and has no mention of a minimum price for a unit of alcohol.

The government said that it would …
Cost-effectiveness analysis of treatment modalities for hepatocellular carcinoma in the SEER-Medicare population.
Authors: Nader Hanna, Fadia T. Shaya, Ian Michael Breunig, Viktor Chirikov, Brian S. Seal, C. Daniel Mullins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e14522 Background: Multiple treatment options for HCC exist and the treatment(s) received depend on clinical characteristics, resource availability and access to specialists. Their comparative cost effectiveness is unclear. Methods: Medicare patients with a 1st diagnosis of 1ry HCC in 2000-07 were studied through end of ‘09. Data are from the SEER with linked Medicare parts A-B. We use incremental cost effectiveness ratios (ICERs) and 95% cost intervals for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) vs no treatment, liver transplantation (OLT), surgical resection (RS), radiofrequency ablation (AB), systemic chemotherapy (CH), and radiation therapy (RD). Using HCC-related mortality, Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute mean life years survived (LY) under each modality, adjusting for clinical (cancer stage, underlying health status, liver conditions) and demographics. Multiple propensity scores were incorporated to adjust for treatment selection bias. Average HCC-related Medicare costs (US$2011) attributed to each modality are estimated using generalized least squares methods. Results: Cancer stages 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent 24%, 9%, 14%, and 17% of the 11,047 patients: 37% unstaged, 66% male, 75% Caucasian, 10% African American, and 13% Hispanic, 61% of patients untreated, 8% TACE, 2% “liver directed therapy” (LD), 4% OLT, 8% RS, 5% AB, 8% CH, and 6% RDST. Relative to no treatment, OLT was most effective in reducing HCC mortality (HR .06, p&lt;.01), followed by RS (HR .19, p&lt;.01), LD (HR .25, p&lt;.01), AB (HR .33, p&lt;.01), TACE (HR .39, p&lt;.01), RD (HR .44, p&lt;.01), CH (HR .49, p&lt;.01). All ICERs were significant; OLT cost effective ($2,951/LY), followed by RS ($5,801/LY), RD ($6,322/LY), CH ($6,748/LY), AB ($8,405/LY), TACE ($9,074/LY), then LD ($10,453/LY). Conclusions: In SEER-Medicare patients, all treatments were associated with reduction in HCC-related mortality. TACE was more effective when combined with ablative therapy, yet OLT and resection were still more effective. Though, OLT patients are more likely than others to survive. TACE alone was only more effective than radiation therapy and systemic chemotherapy.
Better therapy for combat injury
Authors: Yong-ming Yao, Hui Zhang
Journal: Military Medical Research (2019)

In modern warfare, therapy for combat injury is a critical issue to improve personnel survival and battle effectiveness. Be limited to the severe circumstance in the distant battlefield, quick and effective treatment cannot be supplied that leads infections, sepsis, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and high mortality. To get a better therapy for combat injury, we summarized several reports that associated with the mechanisms of sepsis and MODS, those published on MMR recently. Chaudry and colleagues reported gender difference in the outcomes of trauma, shock and sepsis. The advantageous outcome in female is due to their hormone milieu. Their accumulating reports indicated estrogen as a beneficial factor for multiple system and organs, including the central nervous system, the cardiopulmonary system, the liver, the kidneys, the immune system, and leads to better survival from sepsis. Thompson et al. reviewed the underlying mechanisms in trauma induced sepsis, which can be concluded as an imbalance of immune response triggered by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and other immune modifying agents. They also emphasize immunomodulation as a better therapeutic strategy that might be a potential benefit in regulating the host immune response. Fan et al. have revealed a crucial mechanism underlying lung epithelial and macrophage crosstalk, which involves IL-25 as a mediator. After the injury, lung epithelial secreted IL-25 promotes TNF-α production in macrophage leading to acute lung injury (ALI). In addition to a mountain of cytokines, mitochondrial dysfunction in immune cell is another critical risk factor for immune dysfunction during sepsis. Both morphology and function alterations in mitochondria are closely associated with inadequate ATP production, insufficient metabolism process and overloaded ROS production, which lead harm to immune cells and other tissues by triggering oxidative stress. All the above reports discussed mechanisms of sepsis induction after trauma and provided evidence to improve better therapy strategies targeting diverse risk factors.
Salvage focal versus salvage total cryoablation for radio-recurrent prostate cancer: Seven years experience.
Authors: Osamu Ukimura, Andre Luis de Castro Abreu, Scott Leslie, Sunao Sohji, Paul Silverman, Inderbir S Gill, Duke Bahn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e15212 Background: Salvage cryoablation (SC) of the whole prostate is a curative option for radio (RT)-recurrent prostate cancer (PCa). Focal SC has emerged as an option for minimizing morbidity. We present our 7-year experience of oncological and functional outcomes of Salvage Focal (SFC) and Salvage Total (STC) Cryoablation (CRYO) for RT-recurrent PCa. Methods: From Dec 2003 to Aug 2010, 50 men underwent SFC (n=25) or STC (n=25) for RT-recurrent PCa. SFC patients had biopsy-proven unilateral PCa and underwent a hemi-CRYO of the prostate. STC patients underwent CRYO of the whole prostate gland. All patients were evaluated to exclude metastases prior to treatment. Two freeze-thaw cycles were used to perform transperineal prostate CRYO under TRUS guidance. Follow up was assessed by PSA, TRUS, biopsy and questionnaires at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 mth. Results: Median (range) age, PSA and Gleason score for the SFC group were 71 y (59-81); 2.8 ng/ml (0-8.2) and 7 (6-8), while those for STC were 73 y (57-83), 3.9 ng/ml (0.1-12) and 7 (6-9), respectively. Oncological outcomes: Within one year after SC, the median percent PSA-decrease was 89% for SFC and 98% for STC. The median (range) follow up was 31 mth (4-90) for SFC and 53 mth (12-92) for STC. No patient died. One patient treated with STC developed bone metastases. Using the Phoenix criteria (PSA nadir + 2 ng/ml), 8 SFC and 3 STC patients had biochemical failure (BF), and the 5-year biochemical free survival (BFS) was 54% and 86% respectively (p=0.05). In those patients with no BF, the median PSA remained stable, ranging from 0.2 to 0.6 ng/ml for SFC and 0.1 to 0.1 ng/ml for STC during the follow up period. Follow up biopsy-proven cancer occurred in 2 patients in the SFC group (both on the untreated side), and in 1 patient in the STC group. Functional outcomes: New onset urinary incontinence occurred in none (0) of the SFC vs 3 (13%) of the STC patients. One (4%) patient in the STC group developed a recto-urethral fistula. Conclusions: Salvage Focal and Total CRYO after RT-failure are feasible and safe. Although STC had a favorable BFS compared with SFC, there was no significant difference in disease specific or overall survival between groups. SFC offered comparable cancer control to STC with lower morbidity.
Prognostic Index for Survival in Adult Patients with Philadelphia-Negative B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Authors: Musa Yilmaz, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Xuemei Wang, Devendra Kc, Joseph David Khoury, Farhad Ravandi, Nicholas J Short, Jorge E. Cortes, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Tapan Kadia, Koji Sasaki, Marina Konopleva, William G Wierda, Maria Khouri, Nitin Jain, Srdan Verstovsek, Zeev Estrov, Prithviraj Bose, Sherry Pierce, Rebecca Garris, Susan M. O'Brien, Elias J. Jabbour
Journal: Blood (2017)
Vincristine Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Bolus Injections with One Hour Infusions during Induction in a Pediatric Population of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Mirjam Esther Velde, Machteld Heleen van den Berg, Floor Abbink, Heidi Segers, Barbara De Moerloose, Marry M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink, Cor van den Bos, Inge M. van der Sluis, Gertjan Johannes Laurentius Kaspers
Journal: Blood (2018)
Diminished interaction between mutant NOTCH1 and the NuRD corepressor complex upregulates CCL17 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Shifen Wang, Maolin Ge, Jing Cui, Zhi Qiao, Xiuli Chen, Shunquan Wu, Rong Zhan, Huarong Zhou, Han Liu, Zhenshu Xu
Journal: Leukemia (2019)
Four in 10 emergency admissions from care homes could be avoided with better community care, says report
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Emergency admissions to hospital from care homes could be reduced significantly by increasing NHS support and giving better preventative care, a new report from the Health Foundation has found.1

The analysis found that 41% of emergency admissions from care homes were for avoidable conditions that are potentially manageable, treatable, or preventable outside of a hospital setting, or that could have been caused by poor care or neglect. These conditions include chest infections, pressure sores, and urinary tract infections.

Although only 2.8% of older people live in a care home, they …
Redefining Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy for the Modern Era
Authors: Manhal Izzy, Lisa B. VanWagner, Grace Lin, Mario Altieri, James Y. Findlay, Jae K. Oh, Kymberly D. Watt, Samuel S. Lee
Journal: Hepatology (2019)

Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) is cardiac dysfunction in patients with end-stage liver disease in the absence of prior heart disease. First defined in 2005 during the World Congress of Gastroenterology, CCM criteria consisted of echocardiographic parameters to identify subclinical cardiac dysfunction in the absence of overt structural abnormalities. Significant advancements in cardiovascular imaging over the past 14 years, including the integration of myocardial deformation imaging into routine clinical practice to identify subclinical cardiovascular dysfunction, have rendered the 2005 CCM criteria obsolete. Therefore, new criteria based on contemporary cardiovascular imaging parameters are needed. In this guidance document, assembled by a group of multidisciplinary experts in the field, new core criteria based on contemporary cardiovascular imaging parameters are proposed for the assessment of CCM. This document provides a critical assessment of the diagnosis of CCM and ongoing assessment aimed at improving clinical outcomes, particularly surrounding liver transplantation. Key points and practice-based recommendations for the diagnosis of CCM are provided to offer guidance for clinicians and identify gaps in knowledge for future investigations.
The effect of delay of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival in patients with resected stage II and III gastric cancer.
Authors: Minkyu Jung, Hyoung Soon Park, Han Na Park, Seungtaek Lim, Ji Soo Park, Hong Jae Chon, Hyoung-Il Kim, Ji Yeong Ahn, Jae-Ho Cheong, Woo Jin Hyung, Sung Hoon Noh, Hye Ryun Kim, Hyo Song Kim, Sun Young Rha, Hyun Cheol Chung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e15144 Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy improved survival in patients with gastric cancer. However, the association between the timing of adjuvant chemotherapy and survival has not been investigated. Methods: Patients with stage II and III gastric cancer who received adjuvant chemotherapy at Yonsei University Health System were included in this study. Time to adjuvant chemotherapy, relapse free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) were calculated from the day of surgery. RFS and OS were compared using log-rank test and multivariate analysis by the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Among 675 patients, 226 patients (33.5%) began adjuvant chemotherapy within 1 month, 421 patients (60.1%) began adjuvant chemotherapy in 1 to 2 months, and 28 patients (4.1%) began adjuvant chemotherapy &gt; 2 months after surgery. Intervals &gt; 2 months between chemotherapy and surgery was associated with worse RFS and OS in both univariate analysis (RFS, p=0.039; OS, p=0.022, respectively) and a Cox proportional hazards model (RFS, hazard ratio [HR] =1.81, 95% confidential interval [CI] =1.05-3.12; OS, HR=1.96, 95% CI=1.11-3.47, respectively). Conclusions: Only 4.1% of patients initiated adjuvant chemotherapy &gt;2 months after the date of curative surgery. Adjuvant chemotherapy delay &gt; 2 months after surgical resection is associated with worse survival among patients with resected stage II and III gastric cancer.
The CXCL12/CXCR4 Pathway As a Potential Target of Tipifarnib: Preliminary Results from an Open-Label, Phase II Study in Relapsed or Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Thomas E Witzig, Lubomir Sokol, Eric Jacobsen, Ranjana H. Advani, Francine M Foss, Rufino Mondejar, Miguel Angel Piris, James Bolognese, Francis Burrows, Linda Kessler, Karen Bracken, Vishnu Mishra, Catherine Scholz, Antonio Gualberto
Journal: Blood (2017)
Activation Dynamics and Immunoglobulin Evolution of Pre-existing and Newly Generated Human Memory B cell Responses to Influenza Hemagglutinin
Authors: Sarah F. Andrews, Michael J. Chambers, Chaim A. Schramm, Jason Plyler, Julie E. Raab, Masaru Kanekiyo, Rebecca A. Gillespie, Amy Ransier, Sam Darko, Jianfei Hu, Xuejun Chen, Hadi M. Yassine, Jeffrey C. Boyington, Michelle C. Crank, Grace L. Chen, Emily Coates, John R. Mascola, Daniel C. Douek, Barney S. Graham, Julie E. Ledgerwood, Adrian B. McDermott
Journal: Immunity (2019)
LUNG cancer in Lleida: An epidemiologic study.
Authors: Juan Felipe Cordoba, Serafin Morales, Christina Adaniel, Joel Veas Rodriguez, Álvaro Rodriguez Galindo, Antonia Salud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

e20003 Background: According to GLOBOCAN, in 2018 lung cancer was associated with the greatest incidence and mortality attributable to cancer worldwide: 27.9 cases/100,000 habitants and 23.5 cases/100,000 habitants, respectively. In Spain, lung cancer is the fourth most frequent cancer but the first cause of cancer mortality in the country. We have undertaken this study to compare the epidemiologic data for lung cancer in our Spanish provincial population with those worldwide and nationwide. Methods: This was an observational, retrospective study. It included all patients with lung cancer in the Lleida province of Catalonia, Spain in a period of 6 years, from January 2011 to December 2016. Data taken from electronic medical records included variables such as sex, age of diagnosis, smoking history, histology, stage, and oncologic treatments, among others. Incidence, prevalence, survival and mortality rates were determined, as well as the main clinical characteristics of the cohort. Results: Seven hundred eighty-two patients with a diagnosis of lung cancer between January 2011 and December 2016 were included. Median follow-up was 11.7 months. Men comprised 78.6% of the cohort. The median age at diagnosis was 66.6 years. More than half of the patients (53.2%) smoked at the time of diagnosis. The majority were adenocarcinomas (44.1%), with 33.2% squamous cell carcinomas, and 12.1% small cell carcinomas. EGFR testing was performed in 300 patients. 18.7% were positive for a mutation, of which 69.7% were exon 19 insertions. At diagnosis, 52.3% of cases were stage IV, 25.3% stage III, 7.3% stage II, and 14.5% stage I. The average annual incidence rate was 37 cases/100,000 habitants. The median overall survival (OS) was 12.3 months (95% CI: 10.7-13.8). The OS at 1 year was 50.8% (95% CI: 47.3-54.3) and at 5 years was 13.7% (95% CI: 10.2-17.2). The estimated mortality rates were 49.2% in the first year and 86.3% at 5 years. Conclusions: In the Lleida province of Spain, the incidence and mortality associated with lung cancer are greater than global rates but lower than those of Spain as a whole (incidence: 37 vs 58 cases/100.000 hab). Lung cancer survival at 5 years is greater than countrywide statistics (12,3% vs 9.9 %). The heathier lifestyle and rural geography may favor the lower incidence of lung cancer in Lleida compared with the rest of Spain.
Reply to Bancalari <i>et al</i>. and to Isayama and Shah
Authors: Erik A. Jensen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2019)

predicting respiratory outcomes (1, 6).Evaluation of the data from Jensen and colleagues may provide supporting or refuting evidence for this maturational cutoff for defining BPD.We agree that our goal should be to adopt an evidenceinformed or data-driven approach to identify neonates of extremely low gestational age with a future risk of developing pulmonary and neurodevelopmental issues.The critical task for members of the neonatal community is to decide what we aim to achieve in defining BPD.Do we want to identify nearly all children who may develop adverse outcomes (minimum false negatives), do we want to rule out all who may not develop adverse outcomes (minimum false positives), or do we want to settle for a compromise and accept a middle ground?The answer may require careful thinking.We may want to use criteria with minimum false negatives when identifying children for closer surveillance during childhood, to predict and manage respiratory adverse outcomes; use criteria with minimum false positives when testing experimental therapies, to rationalize exposure for many children; and use "compromise" criteria (with acceptable sensitivity and specificity cutoffs) for quality improvement initiatives, benchmarking, and assessing trends.Discussions about these issues need to happen through an international forum and consensus process, as is currently underway via the International Neonatal Consortium (1).Purpose-defined BPD criteria derived from an international consensus process and supported by data are essential for avoiding ongoing confusion and inconsistency.
Use of Antibiotics Without a Prescription in the U.S. Population
Authors: Larissa Grigoryan, George Germanos, Roger Zoorob, Shivanki Juneja, Jean L. Raphael, Michael K. Paasche-Orlow, Barbara W. Trautner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

Use of antibiotics without a prescription may increase unnecessary and inappropriate drug use or doses as well as global risk for antimicrobial resistance.To perform a scoping review of research on the prevalence of nonprescription antibiotic use in the United States and to examine the factors that influence it.Searches of PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, and relevant Web sites without language restrictions from January 2000 to March 2019.Studies reporting nonprescription use of antibiotics, storage of antibiotics, intention to use antibiotics without a prescription, and factors influencing nonprescription use.Two reviewers independently screened citations and full texts and performed data abstraction.Of 17 422 screened articles, 31 met inclusion criteria. Depending on population characteristics, prevalence of nonprescription antibiotic use varied from 1% to 66%, storage of antibiotics for future use varied from 14% to 48%, and prevalence of intention to use antibiotics without a prescription was 25%. Antibiotics were obtained without a prescription from various sources, including previously prescribed courses, local markets or stores, and family or friends. Reported factors contributing to nonprescription use included easy access through markets or stores that obtain antibiotics internationally for under-the-counter sales, difficulty accessing the health care system, costs of physician visits, long waiting periods in clinics, and transportation problems.Scarce evidence and heterogeneous methods and outcomes.Nonprescription antibiotic use is a seemingly prevalent and understudied public health problem in the United States. An increased understanding of risk factors and pathways that are amenable to intervention is essential to decrease this unsafe practice.None.