tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract PR08: Identifying the molecular and environmental factors mediating transformation of melanocyte stem cells to melanoma
Authors: Hyeongsun Moon, Leanne R. Donahue, Jerry Zhu, Andrew C. White
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Cutaneous melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms and environmental factors that can promote melanoma initiation and development from skin without an identified precursor lesion are not well defined. In these studies, we found that proinflammatory stress induced by environmental factors such as ultraviolet radiation can generate a sufficient stimulus to induce melanoma initiation from melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) containing Braf and Pten mutations. Moreover, our data demonstrate a role for the nonhistone architectural chromatin factor Hmga2 as an important molecular mediator in the induction of inflammation in murine skin following UVB (ultraviolet B) exposure. Our findings show a reduced recruitment in immune cell populations to the skin after UVB irradiation. Taken together, these data demonstrate that McSCs are sufficient to act as melanoma cells of origin and that UVB-induced inflammation acts to accelerate tumor initiation. Understanding the underlying factors that can cause melanoma initiation can provide valuable insight for melanoma prevention and control. This abstract is also being presented as Poster A03. Citation Format: Hyeongsun Moon, Leanne R. Donahue, Jerry Zhu, Andrew C. White. Identifying the molecular and environmental factors mediating transformation of melanocyte stem cells to melanoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Melanoma: From Biology to Target; 2019 Jan 15-18; Houston, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(19 Suppl):Abstract nr PR08.
Nanoformulation design and therapeutic potential of a novel tubulin inhibitor in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Rajan Sharma Bhattarai, Virender Kumar, Svetlana Romanova, Jitender Bariwal, Hao Chen, Shanshan Deng, Vijaya R. Bhatt, Tatiana Bronich, Wei Li, Ram I. Mahato
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2020)
Nociceptive behavioural assessments in mouse models of temporomandibular joint disorders
Authors: Jun Li, Kaige Ma, Dan Yi, Chun-do Oh, Di Chen
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2020)

Abstract Orofacial pain or tenderness is a primary symptom associated with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders (TMDs). To understand the pathological mechanisms underlying TMDs, several mouse models have been developed, including mechanical stimulus-induced TMD and genetic mouse models. However, a lack of feasible approaches for assessing TMD-related nociceptive behaviours in the orofacial region of mice has hindered the in-depth study of TMD-associated mechanisms. This study aimed to explore modifications of three existing methods to analyse nociceptive behaviours using two TMD mouse models: (1) mechanical allodynia was tested using von Frey filaments in the mouse TMJ region by placing mice in specially designed chambers; (2) bite force was measured using the Economical Load and Force (ELF) system; and (3) spontaneous feeding behaviour tests, including eating duration and frequency, were analysed using the Laboratory Animal Behaviour Observation Registration and Analysis System (LABORAS). We successfully assessed changes in nociceptive behaviours in two TMD mouse models, a unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC)-induced TMD mouse model and a β-catenin conditional activation mouse model. We found that the UAC model and β-catenin conditional activation mouse model were significantly associated with signs of increased mechanical allodynia, lower bite force, and decreased spontaneous feeding behaviour, indicating manifestations of TMD. These behavioural changes were consistent with the cartilage degradation phenotype observed in these mouse models. Our studies have shown reliable methods to analyse nociceptive behaviours in mice and may indicate that these methods are valid to assess signs of TMD in mice.
Assessment of Radiation Doses Delivered to Organs at Risk Among Patients With Early-Stage Favorable Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated With Contemporary Radiation Therapy
Authors: Chelsea C. Pinnix, Jillian R. Gunther, Penny Fang, Mikaela E Bankston, Sarah A. Milgrom, David Boyce, Hun Ju Lee, Ranjit Nair, Raphael Steiner, Paolo Strati, Sairah Ahmed, Swaminathan P. Iyer, Jason Westin, Simrit Parmar, M. Alma Rodriguez, Loretta Nastoupil, Sattva Neelapu, Christopher Flowers, Bouthaina S. Dabaja
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Response-adapted randomized trials have used positron emission tomography–computed tomography to attempt to identify patients with early-stage favorable Hodgkin lymphoma (ESFHL) who could be treated with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) without radiation therapy (RT). While maximal efficacy is demonstrated with combined modality therapy, RT is often omitted in fear of late adverse effects; however, the application of modern RT could limit these toxic effects. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine the radiation doses delivered to organs at risk with modern involved-site RT among patients with ESFHL treated with 20 Gy after 2 cycles of ABVD. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This case series included 42 adult patients with ESFHL (according to the German Hodgkin Study Group criteria) who were treated between 2010 and 2019, achieved complete response by positron emission tomography–computed tomography (1-3 on 5-point scale) following 2 cycles of ABVD, and then received consolidative RT. The study was conducted at a single comprehensive cancer center. <h3>Exposures</h3> 2 cycles of chemotherapy followed by 20-Gy involved-site RT. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The medical records of patients with ESFHL were examined. Organs at risk were contoured, and doses were calculated. Progression-free survival, defined from date of diagnosis to disease progression, relapse, or death, and overall survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. <h3>Results</h3> The cohort comprised 42 patients with ESFHL (median [range] age at diagnosis, 35 [18-74] years; 18 [43%] women; 24 [57%] with stage II disease). At a median follow-up of 44.6 (95% CI, 27.6-61.6) months, the 3-year progression-free survival and overall survival rates were 91.2% (95% CI, 74.9%-97.1%) and 97.0% (95% CI, 80.4%-99.6%), respectively. The mean heart dose was less than 5 Gy (mean, 0.8 Gy; SD, 1.5 Gy; range, 0-4.8 Gy) in all patients. The mean (SD) breast dose for both breasts was 0.1 (0.2) Gy (left breast range, 0-1.0 Gy; right breast range, 0-0.9 Gy). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this study, combined modality therapy with 2 cycles of ABVD and 20 Gy for ESFHL was highly effective and avoided excess doses to organs at risk, which may limit long-term toxic effects.
Abstract PO-011: CiRCL: A psychosocial program facilitating communication and care to patients, families, and frontline health care teams during COVID-19
Authors: Kauser Ahmed, Peter Phung, Noah Goldstein, John Glaspy
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract The need for strict social distancing measures preventing visitors on inpatient oncology, ICU, and COVID units during the COVID-19 pandemic has had the unintended consequence of leading to significant psychological and spiritual distress for patients and families and “moral distress” for frontline health care teams tasked with supporting patients who are suffering or dying alone without the support of their loved ones. The trauma of these deaths is sometimes further compounded for families by their inability to provide the final rituals of patients’ faith communities in their last moments, leading to complicated and ongoing grief after the loss. To address these complex psychosocial needs among COVID-19 and advanced cancer oncology patients, and the health care teams caring for them, the Simms/Mann UCLA Center for Integrative Oncology, in collaboration with colleagues at the UCLA Anderson School of Business and a team of diverse faith leaders, developed an innovative digitally mediated program for connection, communication, and care. This program, CiRCL (Caring in Remote Communities of Love), leveraged ZOOM and smartphone recording technology to accomplish the following goals: 1) provide psychological support to family members and friends to facilitate the recording of meaningful personal messages to the patient, including curated playlists of evocative songs from the patient’s life to be played at the bedside; 2) facilitate more meaningful communication between loved ones and frontline workers, including messages of gratitude and support to reduce feelings of isolation and moral distress for frontline workers; and 3) create a liturgical library of recorded ecumenical and faith-based blessings from various traditions, available during illness and at time of dying. Blessings include and encompass the health care teams as well as patients. This program, recently developed and being piloted at UCLA, is intended to extend compassion to all within the health care system during the unique challenges of COVID-19 and, by facilitating connection and support among patients, families, and frontline teams, extend the definition of healing and mitigate the impact of loss and grief for all during the many phases of this pandemic. Citation Format: Kauser Ahmed, Peter Phung, Noah Goldstein, John Glaspy. CiRCL: A psychosocial program facilitating communication and care to patients, families, and frontline health care teams during COVID-19 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2020 Jul 20-22. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(18_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-011.
An update to Independent SAGE’s recommendations for student return to campus
Authors: Allyson M Pollock
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Yamey and Walensky draw on the experience of the United States to show the risks of outbreaks when universities open.1 They cite a draft recommendation from “the UK’s Independent SAGE Behavioural Advisory Group, that if students in the UK have to physically attend campus, there should be ‘testing on or before arrival on campus followed up by further regular testing of students and staff.’”

This Independent SAGE recommendation no longer stands. Its recommendations were …
Optical imaging of the whole-body to cellular biodistribution of clinical-stage PEG-b-pHPMA-based core-crosslinked polymeric micelles
Authors: Ilaria Biancacci, Qingxue Sun, Diana Möckel, Felix Gremse, Stefanie Rosenhain, Fabian Kiessling, Matthias Bartneck, Qizhi Hu, Marielle Thewissen, Gert Storm, Wim E. Hennink, Yang Shi, Cristianne J.F. Rijcken, Twan Lammers, Alexandros Marios Sofias
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2020)
Statin Therapy and Risk of Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Danish Cohort Study
Authors: Frederik P. Kristensen, Diana H. Christensen, Brian C. Callaghan, Johnny Kahlert, Søren T. Knudsen, Søren H. Sindrup, Eva L. Feldman, Leif Østergaard, Henning Andersen, Troels S. Jensen, Henrik T. Sørensen, Reimar W. Thomsen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

OBJECTIVE Statins may reduce the risk of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) as a result of lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects, but statins have also been associated with neurotoxicity. We examined whether statin therapy affects the risk of DPN. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We identified all Danish patients with incident type 2 diabetes during 2002–2016. New users initiated statins between 180 days before and 180 days after their first diabetes record, while prevalent users had initiated statins before that period. Patients were followed for incident DPN using validated hospital diagnosis codes, starting 180 days after their first diabetes record. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to compute adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for DPN. RESULTS The study cohort comprised 59,255 (23%) new users, 75,528 (29%) prevalent users, and 124,842 (48%) nonusers; median follow-up time was 6.2 years (interquartile range 3.4–9.6). The incidence rate of DPN events per 1,000 person-years was similar in new users (4.0 [95% CI 3.8–4.2]), prevalent users (3.8 [3.6–3.9]), and nonusers (3.8 [3.7–4.0]). The aHR for DPN was 1.05 (0.98–1.11) in new users and 0.97 (0.91–1.04) in prevalent users compared with statin nonusers. New users had a slightly increased DPN risk during the first year (1.31 [1.12–1.53]), which vanished after &amp;gt;2 years of follow-up. Findings were similar in on-treatment and propensity score–matched analyses and with additional adjustment for pretreatment blood lipid levels. CONCLUSIONS Statin therapy is unlikely to increase or mitigate DPN risk in patients with type 2 diabetes, although a small acute risk of harm cannot be excluded.
Rethinking Covid-19 Test Sensitivity — A Strategy for Containment
Authors: Michael J. Mina, Roy Parker, Daniel B. Larremore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Rethinking Covid-19 Test Sensitivity As Covid-19 cases accelerate or plateau around the world, we urgently need a point-of-care test that is inexpensive enough to use frequently, even if it lacks h...
The scientific and ethical feasibility of immunity passports
Authors: Rebecca C H Brown, Dominic Kelly, Dominic Wilkinson, Julian Savulescu
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2020)

There is much debate about the use of immunity passports in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Some have argued that immunity passports are unethical and impractical, pointing to uncertainties relating to COVID-19 immunity, issues with testing, perverse incentives, doubtful economic benefits, privacy concerns, and the risk of discriminatory effects. We first review the scientific feasibility of immunity passports. Considerable hurdles remain, but increasing understanding of the neutralising antibody response to COVID-19 might make identifying members of the community at low risk of contracting and transmitting COVID-19 possible. We respond to the ethical arguments against immunity passports and give the positive ethical arguments. First, a strong presumption should be in favour of preserving people's free movement if at all feasible. Second, failing to recognise the reduced infection threat immune individuals pose risks punishing people for low-risk behaviour. Finally, further individual and social benefits are likely to accrue from allowing people to engage in free movement. Challenges relating to the implementation of immunity passports ought to be met with targeted solutions so as to maximise their benefit.
Osteopontin As An Airway Epithelial Tumor Promoter
Authors: I Psallidas, N Kanellakis, M Vreka, A Giannou, L Maniatis, S Magkouta, C Moschos, I Giopanou, T Agalioti, I Lillis, I Kalomenidis, N M Rahman, G Stathopoulos
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2016)
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> metabolites exacerbate gastritis through C-type lectin receptors
Authors: Masahiro Nagata, Kenji Toyonaga, Eri Ishikawa, Shojiro Haji, Nobuyuki Okahashi, Masatomo Takahashi, Yoshihiro Izumi, Akihiro Imamura, Koichi Takato, Hideharu Ishida, Shigenori Nagai, Petr Illarionov, Bridget L. Stocker, Mattie S.M. Timmer, Dylan G.M. Smith, Spencer J. Williams, Takeshi Bamba, Tomofumi Miyamoto, Makoto Arita, Ben J. Appelmelk, Sho Yamasaki
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)

Helicobacter pylori causes gastritis, which has been attributed to the development of H. pylori–specific T cells during infection. However, the mechanism underlying innate immune detection leading to the priming of T cells is not fully understood, as H. pylori evades TLR detection. Here, we report that H. pylori metabolites modified from host cholesterol exacerbate gastritis through the interaction with C-type lectin receptors. Cholesteryl acyl α-glucoside (αCAG) and cholesteryl phosphatidyl α-glucoside (αCPG) were identified as noncanonical ligands for Mincle (Clec4e) and DCAR (Clec4b1). During chronic infection, H. pylori–specific T cell responses and gastritis were ameliorated in Mincle-deficient mice, although bacterial burdens remained unchanged. Furthermore, a mutant H. pylori strain lacking αCAG and αCPG exhibited an impaired ability to cause gastritis. Thus H. pylori–specific modification of host cholesterol plays a pathophysiological role that exacerbates gastric inflammation by triggering C-type lectin receptors.
Supporting Clinical Decision-Making during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic through a Global Research Commitment: The TERAVOLT Experience
Authors: Annalisa Trama, Claudia Proto, Jennifer G. Whisenant, Valter Torri, Alessio Cortellini, Olivier Michielin, Fabrice Barlesi, Anne-Marie C. Dingemans, Jan Van Meerbeeck, Vera Pancaldi, Julien Mazieres, Ross A. Soo, Natasha B. Leighl, Solange Peters, Heather Wakelee, Leora Horn, Matthew Hellmann, Selina K. Wong, Marina Chiara Garassino, Javier Baena
Journal: Cancer Cell (2020)
<i>VAV1</i> mutations contribute to development of T-cell neoplasms in mice
Authors: Kota Fukumoto, Mamiko Sakata-Yanagimoto, Manabu Fujisawa, Tatsuhiro Sakamoto, Hiroaki Miyoshi, Yasuhito Suehara, Tran B. Nguyen, Sakurako Suma, Shintaro Yanagimoto, Yuichi Shiraishi, Kenichi Chiba, Alyssa Bouska, Keisuke Kataoka, Seishi Ogawa, Javeed Iqbal, Koichi Ohshima, Shigeru Chiba
Journal: Blood (2020)
Abstract 17083: Shear Wave Elastography With Intracardiac Echocardiography Characterizes Atrial Stiffness During Catheter Ablation For Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Young-Joong Kim, Patrick D Wolf, Tristram D Bahnson
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Shear wave elastography measures the velocity of a propagating mechanical waves in tissue to determine tissue stiffness and is used clinically to characterize liver and other unexcitabl...
Temperature Feedback‐Controlled Photothermal/Photodynamic/Chemodynamic Combination Cancer Therapy Based on NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Er,Yb@NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd@Cu‐BIF Nanoassemblies
Authors: Ye Qi, Junwei Ye, Shuangsong Ren, Guangyao Wang, Jialin Lv, Siqi Zhang, Ying Che, Yachen Li, Baojiu Chen, Guiling Ning
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract The intelligent design of multifunctional nanoplatforms is critical for cancer therapy. Herein, NaGdF 4 :Er,Yb@NaGdF 4 :Nd@Cu(II) boron−imidazolate frameworks (denoted as CSNPs@Cu‐BIF) nanoassemblies are designed and fabricated. Upon a single 808 nm laser irradiation, the nanoassemblies not only show the outstanding photothermal conversion capacity ( η = 41.7%) but also generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species through an in situ Fenton‐like reaction and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Importantly, the nanoassemblies simultaneously introduce remarkable antitumor efficacy via photothermal/photodynamic/chemodynamic combination therapy both in vitro and in vivo. To improve the therapeutic effect of solid tumor ablation, it is highly desirable to monitor the treatment process in real‐time. Multiclinical imaging modalities of ultrasonography are employed to systematically investigate the ablation mechanism of solid tumors in vivo. Furthermore, the significant difference between the eigen temperature of CSNPs@Cu‐BIF nanoassemblies obtained by the temperature‐sensitive emission bands signal changes and the apparent temperature recorded by the thermal imaging camera is 14.55 K at equilibrium. This current work therefore supplies an alternative strategy in temperature feedback‐controlled accurate cancer therapy.
Correspondence on ‘Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors slow radiographic progression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: 18-year real-world evidence’
Authors: Zheng-Liang Zhang, Wei Huang, Guo-Hua Lv, Jing Li, Ming-Xiang Zou, Zhi-Hui Dai
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

We recently read with great interest the article by Koo et al .1 In this retrospective study, the authors evaluated the effect of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors on radiographic progression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) using real-world patient data with long-term follow-up information. They found that the TNF inhibitors could significantly impede the radiographic progression of AS patients. We commend the authors for performing this important study as the results could be very helpful in guiding practice in clinics. However, we noticed that the authors did not clarify the influence of TNF inhibitors on osteoporosis or vertebral fracture risk on imagings in the patients.

Osteoporosis is a commonly recognised problem in AS population, which can lead to serious consequences for the patients. For instance, patients with AS may have severe fractures and resulting neurological dysfunctions even after minor trauma due to osteoporosis. Similarly, AS patients may be vulnerable to …
Basic and Clinical Concepts Related to Vitamin D Metabolism and Action
Authors: Mark R. Haussler, Toni A. McCain
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Assays for Vitamin D MetabolitesThe basic advances in our understanding of the metabolism and mechanism of action of vitamin D not only are important in physiology and nutrition but have been successfully applied to the study of the pathophysiology of a myriad of metabolic bone disorders. Initially, assay procedures were developed to measure vitamin D metabolites. Competitive protein binding is the most widely used method for the assay of vitamin D metabolites, and various selective binding proteins, such as plasma carriers and intracellular receptors, have been employed. These measurements have led to increased comprehension of . . .