tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Awareness and administration of antidiabetic drugs in patients with diabetes in Huairou district of Beijing
Authors: Xiaomei Gao, Sen Xi, Jingjing Chen, Yuxia Zhang
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Objective
To investigate the awareness and administration of antidiabetic drugs in patients with diabetes in Huairou district of Beijing.


Methods
A questionnaire survey on knowledge and administration of antidiabetic drugs were conducted in 900 diabetic patients from 16 communities in Huairou district of Beijing from November 2014 to February 2015. The related factors influencing antidiabetic drug use were analyzed with logistic regression method.


Results
A total of 899 questionnaires were recovered. Results showed that the rate of metformin single use was the highest (23.7%, 213/899), the rate of combination use of metformin and acarbose was 11.8%(106/899), and that of metformin and glipizide was 17.1% (154/899). Survey showed that 65.9% (592/899) patients were compliant immediately for antidiabetic agents, 32.2% (290/899) were not immediately compliant, 1.9% (17/899) did not use antidiabetic agents. Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors affecting the use of antidiabetic agents were the types of medication (t=-4.351, P=0.000) , adverse effects of drugs (t=6.999, P=0.000), awareness of diabetes to health hazard (t=-10.969, P=0.000) and the doctor's recommendation (t=-3.352, P=0.001).


Conclusion
The results showed that the administration of antidiabetic drugs in diabetic patients from Huairou district is basically followed the recommendation by 2013 edition of type 2 diabetes guidelines and the compliance rate of medication need to be further raised.


Key words: 
Diabetes mellitus; Hypoglycemic agents; Cognition
A phase II randomized clinical trial and mechanistic studies using improved probiotics to prevent oral mucositis induced by concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Authors: Chunling Jiang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e18568 Background: Earlier evidence has proven that probiotic supplements can reduce radiochemotherapy (CCRT) -induced oral mucositis (OM) in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). We have recently modified the ingredient of the probiotics by combining Bifidobacterium animalis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus acidophilus. This report includes the Phase II clinical trial to evaluate the effect of the modified probiotics along with mechanistic studies. Methods: We enrolled 85 patients with locally advanced NPC who were undergoing CCRT. The patients were randomized (1:1) to receive either probiotic mixture or placebo. The incidence of severe OM (grade 3 or higher) was the primary endpoint to document. We utilized a rat model. We collected rat’s samples from the tongue, blood and fecal and proximal colon tissues on a various days following treatment and tested for the mechanism of probiotics mixture on OM. Results: We found that patients taking the probiotic mixture showed significantly reduced OM. The incidences for Grade 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 OM in the placebo group and the probiotic mixture group were 0%, 14.7%, 38.2%, 32.4%, and 14.7% and 13.9%, 36.1%, 25%, 22.2%, and 2.8%, respectively. Furthermore, patients in the probiotic mixture group showed lower reduction rate in CD3+ T cells (75.5% vs 81%, P &lt; 0.01), CD4+ T cells (64.53% vs 79.53%, P &lt; 0.01), and CD8+ T cells (75.59% vs 62.36%, P &lt; 0.01) compared with the placebo group. In the rat model, the control group rats showed more severe mucositis, increased histologic changes of the oral mucosa on the 7th, 14th and 21th day, with the 14th day most significant. CCRT also caused an enhanced inflammation response and cell apoptosis in tongue in the control group. Moreover, CCRT increased the intestinal permeability through reducing the zonula occludens-1(ZO-1) and Claudin-1 expression in colon tissues and increasing the inflammation factors in bloods. The structure of gut microbiota was also disturbed in the control group mainly with the increasing abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreasing abundance of Firmicutes. However, probiotics mixture ameliorated the severity of OM, decreased the inflammation response, cell apoptosis, intestinal permeability, and restored the structure of gut microbiota to normal. Conclusions: The modified probiotic mixture significantly reduces the severity of OM through enhancing the immune response of patients and modifying structure of gut microbiota. Clinical trial information: NCT03112837.
Focused ultrasound ablation of solid tumors: Feasibility of planning tissue-selective treatments.
Authors: Lauren Mancia, Eli Vlaisavljevich, Nyousha Yousefi, Adam Maxwell, Geoffrey W. Siegel, Zhen Xu, Eric Johnsen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e15600 Background: Focused ultrasound (FUS) is a noninvasive, nonionizing, repeatable local ablative therapy that induces mechanical fractionation or thermal necrosis of a variety of solid tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer, and desmoid fibromatosis. Recent feasibility studies in animal models have demonstrated the possibility of designing focused ultrasound treatments that are selective (e.g. spare healthy tissue, nerves, and blood vessels) due to differences in tissue and tumor mechanical properties. Given wide variation in individual tumor and patient characteristics, mechanics-based predictions of ablation zone features in different tissues under a range of FUS device settings are needed to permit personalized treatment planning. Methods: A finite difference computational method is used to simulate FUS ablation of tissues with variable mechanical properties (shear moduli of 0.6 – 200 kPa) under different FUS sonication parameters (frequency and peak pressure). The model calculates strain fields contributing to tissue ablation in FUS treatments which are used to predict ablation zone radii and boundary characteristics. Simulation predictions in model tissues are then compared to histology obtained from FUS-treated porcine tissue samples with similar mechanical properties. Results: The mechanical properties of model tissues and FUS treatment parameters have distinct effects on predicted minimum ablation zone radii. For example, smaller ablation zone radii are achieved in stiffer vessel wall than liver under given FUS sonication parameters. In each tissue, lower frequency and higher peak pressure FUS sonication predict a larger ablation zone. Combined variation of sonication frequency and peak pressure are found to achieve wider variation in ablation zone radius than previously achieved with frequency variation alone. Predicted ablation zone radii and boundary characteristics are consistent with the observed histology of FUS-treated tissues. Conclusions: Results show that simulations accounting for tissue mechanical properties and device settings can predict tissue selectivity and ablation zone characteristics observed in FUS procedures. This study demonstrates the potential of using noninvasive measurements of tissue and tumor properties obtained, for example, via shear wave elastography, in combination with micromechanical tissue ablation simulations to develop personalized, selective focused ultrasound treatments for solid tumors.
新生儿常见先天性心脏病诊治基本知识
Authors: 吴明昌
Journal: BMJ (2009)

先天性心脏病(先心病)是近10年来北京5岁以下儿童死亡原因的第一位,也是近年来出生缺陷的第一位.国内外对新生儿期的先心病均已开展手术治疗,我们今天举3个新生儿病例:1例是出生后有心脏杂音,1例出生时没有心脏杂音,1例有青紫,来复习一下常见先心病诊治的基本知识。
Impact of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) on immune-related tumor microenvironment and the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy after the recurrence of CRT in unresectable locally advanced NSCLC patients.
Authors: Masayuki Shirasawa, Tatsuya Yoshida, Noriko Motoi, Yuji Matsumoto, Yuki Shinno, Yusuke Okuma, Yasushi Goto, Hidehito Horinouchi, Noboru Yamamoto, Shun-ichi Watanabe, Yuichiro Ohe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e21719 Background: Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by durvalumab as maintenance therapy prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in unresectable locally advanced NSCLC (LA-NSCLC). Additionally, the history of radiotherapy and CRT has been reported to increase the efficacy of PD-1 blockade in advanced NSCLC patients. We evaluated the efficacy of anti-PD-(L)1 antibody therapy after CRT failure, and how CRT changes the status of PD-L1 expression on tumors and tumor infiltrated lymphocytes (TILs) in tumor microenvironment (TME) in unresectable LA-NSCLC patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed unresectable LA-NSCLC patients treated with CRT between December 2007 and December 2018, and evaluated the efficacy of PD-1 blockade after CRT failure. We also analyzed PD-L1 (clone: 22C3) expression on tumor cells, and CD8 positive TILs using the paired specimens that had been obtained pre-CRT and post-CRT failure. Results: We identified 422 patients who received CRT. Median follow-up was 36.1 months (range 2.7–138.1 months). Among these patients, sixty-five patients who had progressed post-CRT received anti-PD- (L)1 therapy (PD-1 therapy: 61 patients, PD-L1 therapy: 4 patients). Response rate (RR) and PFS of anti-PD-(L)1 therapy were 48% (95% CI, 35–60) and 8.7 (95% CI, 4.5–13.0) months. The RR and PFS did not differ according to PD-L1 expression levels (Table). Of the 18 patients, 9, 7, and 2 showed upregulation in PD-L1 expression or down- or no change, respectively, post-CRT. In contrast, the density of CD8 positive TILs in TME increased by CRT treatment ([pre-CRT]: median, 110 ± 239 /mm 2 vs. [post-CRT]: median, 470 ± 533 /mm 2 , p = 0.025). Conclusions: The clinical outcome of anti-PD-(L)1 therapy after CRT failure in LA-NSCLC patients could be better than advanced NSCLC patients, but did not differ according to PD-L1 expression levels. The efficacy of PD-(L)1 therapy enhanced by CRT treatment could be due to the infiltration of CD8 T-cells into TME. [Table: see text]
Transobturator or retropublic passage tension-free vaginal tape for 254 female patients with stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Li Hong, Xue-xian Xu
Journal: BMJ (2008)

This study was to retrospectively report the clinical effects of retropublic passage tension free vaginal tape(TVT)vs.transobturator tape(TVT-O)on 254 female patients with stress urinary incontinence(SUI).Our findings showed that mean operative time was significantly lower in TVT-O group than that in TVT group[(19±4)min vs.(27±6)min;P＜0.05].Perioperative complications were more commonly seen in the retropubic procedure(2.9% vs.8.8%;P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss[(19±6)ml vs.(31±8)ml in TVT-O or TVT groups;P＞0.05]and in-hospital stay[(4.1±1.5)d vs.(4.5±1.8)d in TVT-O or TvT groups;P＞0.05]between the two groups.Grouts-Blaivas Score demonstrated that those two treatment groups did not differ significantly in 24-hour(93.6% vs.91.2%;P＞0.05)or long-term postoperative cure rate(94.5% vs.94.3%;P＞0.05).We suggested that TVT or TVT-O seemed to be equally effective in surgical treatment of SUI.However,TVT-O had advantage of relatively lower overall perioperative complication rate.

Key words: 
Urinary incontinence,stress; Gynecologic surgical procedures
Diagnostic value of ultrasonography for placenta accreta in high risk first-trimester pregnant women
Authors: Yanfen Yang, Minmin Tang
Journal: BMJ (2019)

The clinical data of 113 early pregnant (11-14 weeks) women with high risk of placenta accreta undergoing ultrasound examination in Jinhua Maternal and Child Health Hospital from June 2013 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, there were 21 cases of placenta accreta (implanted group) and 92 cases without placenta accreta (non-implanted group). The diagnostic value of different μltrasound signs for placenta accreta was assessed. The sensitivity of loss of clear zone was 71%(15/21), and the specificity was 87% (80/92); the sensitivity of placental lacunae and bladder wall interruption was 67%(14/21) and 62%(13/21), and the specificity was 78%(72/92) and 95%(87/92), respectively. The uterovesical hypervascularity has the lowest sensitivity (38%, 8/21), but the highest specificity (98%, 90/92). When combination of 2 sings was used for diagnosis, the sensitivity of the ultrasound examination was 76%(16/21) and the specificity was 65%(60/92); when the combination of 3 signs was used, the sensitivity and specificity were 76% (16/21) and 93% (86/92), respectively. It is suggested that ultrasound examination in early pregnancy may find all types of placenta implants with good diagnostic accuracy.


Key words: 
Pregnancy trimester,first; Ultrasonography; High risk pregnant women; Placenta accreta
Implementing routine patient-reported outcome collection in a large, academic health system.
Authors: Nishant Shah, Andrzej Wojcieszynski, Erin Davis, Jennifer Braun, Meg Garrett, Lawrence N. Shulman, James M. Metz, Peter Edward Gabriel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

7053 Background: Patients' symptoms and side effects have traditionally been assessed by clinicians. There is increasing evidence that patient self-reported symptom severity often differs from clinician assessment, and that collecting patient-reported outcomes (PRO) can improve communication, symptom management, and even survival. However, the implementation of routine PRO collection across a large healthcare system poses operational and informatics challenges. Methods: Using native electronic health record (EHR) functionality, we implemented a standardized PRO questionnaire across a large academic cancer center and associated community-based practices. The questionnaire is based on the Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) developed by the National Cancer Institute. It assesses eleven common side effects of cancer care and is available for completion from home via the EHR patient portal or in clinic via tablet PC. Implementation was stepwise, beginning with a disease-specific patient population in the main academic cancer center and expanding over two years to include all cancer types, three specialties (radiation oncology, hematology/oncology, gynecologic oncology), and multiple satellite practice locations. Results: PRO collection was initiated for patients with gastrointestinal malignancies in two clinic locations at the main cancer center in 12/2017. During the first 3 months of implementation (12/2017-2/2018), questionnaires were completed for 1838 (56.3%) of 3267 eligible patient visits. Work with practice managers and staff to refine operational workflows led to improvement to a 75.6% capture rate for the period 3/2018 – 5/2018. From 6/2018 through 6/2019, the program was expanded to all multidisciplinary clinics in the main cancer center, as well as eight satellite practices. Aggregate capture rates from 7/2018 through 12/2019 have shown sustained performance, with 101,082 (76.7%) of 131,720 eligible visits captured. Of twelve total clinics participating, eleven have sustained capture rates above 70%, and nine capture over 80% of eligible visits. Questionnaires were completed through the online patient portal 12.1% of the time, with the remainder completed in clinic via tablet PC. Conclusions: Routine PRO collection as standard-of-care is possible across a variety of practice environments in a large, complex health system, with sustained capture of approximately three-fourths of eligible visits. Most patients prefer to complete the questionnaire in clinic.
CREST综合征合并原发性胆汁性肝硬化一例
Authors: 刘润荣, 李梦涛, 费允云, 曾小峰, 张奉春
Journal: BMJ (2011)

CREST综合征是系统性硬化症(SSc)的一种特殊类型,合并原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)非常少见,现报告如下. 一、临床资料 患者女,33岁,因雷诺现象10年、吞咽困难7年于2009年12月30日入院.患者10年前开始出现双手指、足趾遇冷或情绪激动时变白、变紫,保暖后变红恢复正常,伴手指一过性麻木感.7年前出现餐后卧位时胸骨后烧灼感、反酸.4年前出现双手指肿胀、僵硬感,间断服用中药治疗,效果不佳.1年前胸骨后烧灼感、反酸进行性加重,并出现进食固体食物时哽噎感.近1个月进流食亦偶感吞咽困难,为进一步诊治收入北京协和医院.病程中无乏力、纳差、皮肤瘙痒或黄疸,无口干、眼干、腮腺肿大、猖獗龋。
Pembrolizumab (pembro) plus docetaxel and prednisone in patients (pts) with abiraterone acetate (abi) or enzalutamide (enza)-pretreated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC): KEYNOTE-365 cohort B efficacy, safety and, biomarker results.
Authors: Srikala S. Sridhar, Michael Paul Kolinsky, Gwenaelle Gravis, Loic Mourey, Jose Maria M. Piulats Rodriguez, Emanuela Romano, William R. Berry, Howard Gurney, Margitta Retz, Leonard Joseph Appleman, Martin Boegemann, Johann S. De Bono, Anthony M. Joshua, Urban Emmenegger, Henry Jacob Conter, Brigitte Laguerre, Haiyan Wu, Ping Qiu, Charles Schloss, Evan Y. Yu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

5550 Background: Pembro + docetaxel and prednisone (cohort B) has shown antitumor activity in pts with mCRPC in the phase I/II KEYNOTE-365 study (NCT02861573). Updated efficacy and safety and new biomarker data from cohort B are reported. Methods: Pts who received at least 4 wk of abi or enza in the prechemotherapy mCRPC setting and whose disease progressed within 6 mo of screening were eligible. Pts received pembro 200 mg IV + docetaxel 75 mg/m 2 IV Q3W and prednisone 5 mg orally twice daily. Primary end points were PSA response rate (PSA decrease ≥50%; confirmed by a second value ≥3 weeks later), ORR per RECIST v1.1 by blinded independent central review, and safety. Key secondary end points were DCR per RECIST v1.1 (CR+PR+SD or non-CR/non-PD ≥6 mo), DOR per RECIST v1.1, radiographic PFS (rPFS) per PCWG-modified RECIST, and OS. Biospecimens (blood, tissue) were collected for biomarker analysis, including tissue PD-L1 expression, androgen receptor variant 7 (AR-v7) expression in circulating tumor cells, and a T-cell-inflamed gene expression profile (GEP). Results: Of 105 enrolled pts, 104 were treated, and 50% had measurable disease. Median (range) time from enrollment to data cutoff was 19.9 mo (1.4-27.8) for all pts and 21.8 mo (17.9-27.8) for pts with ≥27 wks follow-up (n=72). Confirmed PSA response rate was 28% in 103 pts with a baseline PSA assessment. Median time to PSA progression was 6.2 mo (95% CI, 3.7-7.4). In pts with measurable disease and ≥27 wks follow-up (n=39), ORR was 18% (7/39, all PRs) and DCR was 51%. Median DOR was 6.7 mo (range, 3.4-9.0+ [+ indicates ongoing responder]); 5 pts had a response for ≥6 mo. In all pts, median rPFS was 8.3 mo (95% CI, 7.6-10.1) and OS was 20.4 mo (16.9-NR). At 6 mo, the rPFS rate was 72.8% and OS rate was 95.3%. Treatment-related AEs (TRAEs) occurred in 96% of all pts; most frequent were alopecia (39%), diarrhea (38%), and fatigue (38%). Grade 3-5 TRAEs occurred in 40% of pts; 2 pts died of TRAEs (pneumonitis). Overall, 24% of pts were PD-L1 + (combined positive score ≥1). Of 57 pts with AR-v7 data, 17.5% were AR-v7 + , 77% were AR-v7 − , and 5% were undetermined. GEP was not significantly associated with ORR or PSA response. Conclusions: Pembro + docetaxel and prednisone showed activity in pts with abi or enza-pretreated mCRPC. Safety of the combination was consistent with the known profiles of the individual agents. A phase 3 study of this combination is ongoing (KEYNOTE-921, NCT03834506). Clinical trial information: NCT02861573 .
Survey on the situation of customers buying emergency contraceptives at retailed pharmacies in Shanghai
Authors: 康建中, 陆梅, 张琳, 孟春霞, 吴正沐, 黄咏梅, 程利南
Journal: BMJ (2007)

目的 了解自购使用紧急避孕药者的人群特点,探讨紧急避孕用药者的需求和避孕失败的可能原因.方法 以横断面研究方式,对上海市华氏大药房的100家连锁店中购买对象进行匿名问卷调查并分析调查结果.结果 在54 087人购买紧急避孕药物者中只有6160人(11.39%)愿意回答问卷,其中男性19.56%,女性79.20%,平均年龄(26±5)岁,未婚40.45%、已婚59.55%,文化程度大专以上58.80%、高中29.90%、初中及以下9.30%.使用紧急避孕药物的原因53.85%是未避孕,36.40%避孕措施失败、9.76%未回答,在避孕措施失败者中的前两位顺位为:避孕套滑脱、破裂和没有性交全过程使用避孕套(36.88%),复方短效口服避孕药漏服(20.05%).今后计划采用的避孕方法顺位仍然是避孕套(37.53%)和服避孕药(32.91%).结论 购买此类药者年龄较轻,多数未避孕或无稳定的避孕措施,零售药房在销售时应主动告知其药物适应证、禁忌证和注意事项,尤其应提醒落实常规避孕方法。
Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy with atorvastatin in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Xian-ping Hua, Rui-xia Wu, Yong Yang, Zheng Cao, Bin Chen, Ping-ying Chen
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The study intended to evaluate the effect of high-dese atorvastafin on serum high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and renal function in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing elective pereutancous coronary intervention ( PCI ). One hundred and sixty seven patients were randomly divided into two groups: in test group (n =84) patients received oral atorvastatin 80 mg/d and in control group (n = 83) patients received atorvastatin 20 mg/d, the medication in both groups was lasted for 7 days before PCL Compared to levels at 24 h before PCI, serum hs-CRP and creatinine levels at 48 h after PCI were increased in both groups ( both P < 0. 05), and glomerular filtration rate was decreased ( P < 0. 05 ). Compared to control group, serum hs-CRP and creatinine levels 24 h before PCI and 48 h after PCI in test group were significantly lower, and glomerular filtration rate was significantly higher (P <0. 05, respectively). The incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy was lower in test group than that in control group[7% (6/84) vs.18% (15/83), P <0.05]. The results indicate that high-dose atorvastatin might be effective in protecting patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing elective PCI from contrast-induced nephropathy via inflammatory response inhibition.

Key words: 
Nephrosis;  Anticholesteremic agents
Analysis of treatment outcomes for patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in Jiangninglu Neighborhood of downtown Shanghai
Authors: Wen Xu, Jing-jun Jin, Lin-lin Gong
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Objective To understand treatment outcomes of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes aged over 30 years in Jiangninglu Neighborhood of downtown Shanghai. Methods Total 642 patients diagnosed as type 2 diabetes aged over 30 were investigated by cluster sampling in Jiangninglu Neighborhood of downtown Shanghai. Status of optimal control of diabetes in them was analyzed based on the recommendations proposed by International Diabetes Federation (IDF) for Western Pacific Region. Results and serum level of glycosylated hemoglobin Alc (HbAlc) of less than 6.5% was achieved in 37.5% (241/were achieved in 23.8% (153/642) and 18.1% (116/642) of them, respectively, and beth systolic and mmol/L was achieved in 21.7% (139/642) of all the participants investigated, triglyceride of less than 1.5 mmol/L in 46.6% (299/642), low-deusity lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) of less than 2.5 mmol/L in 23.7% (152/642) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol of greater than 1.1 mmol/L in 62.1% (399/of their blood glucose, blood pressure and serum LDL-C (defined as HbAlc less than 6.5%, blood pressure less than 130/80 mm Hg and LDL-C less than 2.5 retool/L). Conclusions Only 2.6% of all the patients diagnosed with diabetes aged over 30 in downtown Shanghai get optimal control of their blood glucose, blood pressure and serum lipid, so comprehensive prevention and control for diabetes shall be strengthened for them at community-level of urban areas.

Key words: 
Community health care;  Diabetes mellitus, type 2;  Treatment outcome
成人支气管异物误诊一例
Authors: 卞新浩
Journal: BMJ (2009)

患者男,57岁,因咳嗽、左侧胸痛5 d于2008年7月12日入住我院呼吸内科.入院查体:生命体征稳定,左上肺语颤增强,叩诊呈浊音,听诊呼吸音低,左胸前区有管状呼吸音,无湿啰音.胸部X线片提示有左上肺或纵隔内占位性病变可能.入院诊断:阻塞性肺炎,可疑肺结核.入院当日胸部CT检查:左上肺大片状实变影,其内见含气支气管影,气管及叶支气管未见明显狭窄,考虑为肺炎,不排除支气管异物.经抗感染及对症支持治疗3 d,病情无好转。
传统危险因素对女性系统性红斑狼疮患者并发冠心病的预测意义
Authors: 戴宇翔, 张抒扬
Journal: BMJ (2007)

比较9例女性系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者并发冠心病(CAD)和年龄匹配的49例非SLE早发CAD患者的传统危险因素.SLE患者在发生首次心脏事件之前的CAD危险因素少于相同年龄段的非SLE早发CAD患者的危险因素[分别为(1.4±0.7)个/人和(2.2±1.2)个/人,P＜0.05].表明,SLE患者早发CAD用传统危险因素不能完全解释,存在有其他疾病相关因素引起、促进CAD的进程。