tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Magnetic targeted near-infrared II PA/MR imaging guided photothermal therapy to trigger cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Qinrui Fu, Zhi Li, Jiamin Ye, Zhong Li, Fengfu Fu, Syue-Liang Lin, Cheng Allen Chang, Huanghao Yang, Jibin Song
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Rationale: Photothermal therapy (PTT) alone is easy to cause cancer recurrence and fail to completely resist metastasis, yet recurrence and metastasis are two major difficulties in cancer treatment.Titanium disulfide (TiS2) nanosheet anchored iron oxide nanoparticles (IO NPs) with strong absorption in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window and excellent magnetic properties is developed as therapeutic agent for NIR-II photoacoustic (PA) imaging and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging guided NIR-II PTT triggered immunotherapy.Methods: The TiS2 nanosheets were prepared through a modified colloidal chemistry approach, and TSIO nanoagents were prepared by using a one pot self-assembly technique.The magnetic targeting capability of TSIO nanoagents were monitored by NIR-II PA, MR and thermal imaging in vivo.The NIR-II PTT combined with immunotherapy effect was investigated in mouse breast cancer tumor-bearing mice.Results: The TSIO nanoplatform showed enhanced tumor accumulation when a magnetic field was applied and had the ability to real time monitor the treatment process via dual NIR-II PA and MR imaging.In addition, the magnetic targeted NIR-II PA/MR imaging guided PTT provides an effective way to reverse the immunosuppression inside a tumor and to cooperate with immunotherapy to improve therapeutic outcome of the primary, distal and metastatic tumors.
<i>Vital Signs:</i>Newly Reported Acute and Chronic Hepatitis C Cases ― United States, 2009–2018
Authors: A. Blythe Ryerson, Sarah Schillie, Laurie K. Barker, Benjamin A. Kupronis, Carolyn Wester
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

Hepatitis C is a leading cause of death from liver disease in the United States. Acute hepatitis C infection is often asymptomatic, and >50% of cases will progress to chronic infection, which can be life-threatening. Hepatitis C can be diagnosed with a blood test and is curable, yet new cases of this preventable disease are increasing.National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System data were analyzed to determine the rate of acute hepatitis C cases reported to CDC by age group and year during 2009-2018 and the number and rate of newly reported chronic cases in 2018 by sex and age. The proportion of adults aged ≥20 years with hepatitis C who reported having ever been told that they had hepatitis C was estimated with 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data.During 2018, a total of 3,621 cases of acute hepatitis C were reported, representing an estimated 50,300 cases (95% confidence interval [CI] = 39,800-171,600). The annual rate of reported acute hepatitis C cases per 100,000 population increased threefold, from 0.3 in 2009 to 1.2 in 2018, and was highest among persons aged 20-29 (3.1) and 30-39 years (2.6) in 2018. A bimodal distribution of newly reported chronic hepatitis C cases in 2018 was observed, with the highest proportions among persons aged 20-39 years and 50-69 years. Only 60.6% (95% CI = 46.1%-73.9%) of adults with hepatitis C reported having been told that they were infected.Increasing rates of acute hepatitis C among young adults, including reproductive-aged persons, have put multiple generations at risk for chronic hepatitis C. The number of newly reported chronic infections was approximately equal among younger and older adults in 2018. The new CDC hepatitis C testing recommendations advise screening all adults and pregnant women, not just persons born during 1945-1965, and those with risk factors.
Reduced C9ORF72 function exacerbates gain of toxicity from ALS/FTD-causing repeat expansion in C9orf72
Authors: Qiang Zhu, Jie Jiang, Tania F. Gendron, Melissa McAlonis-Downes, Lulin Jiang, Amy Taylor, Sandra Diaz Garcia, Somasish Ghosh Dastidar, Maria J. Rodriguez, Patrick King, Yongjie Zhang, Albert R. La Spada, Huaxi Xu, Leonard Petrucelli, John Ravits, Sandrine Da Cruz, Clotilde Lagier-Tourenne, Don W. Cleveland
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2020)
Risk Factors Associated With Ischemic Stroke in Japanese Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Ken Okumura, Hirofumi Tomita, Michikazu Nakai, Eitaro Kodani, Masaharu Akao, Shinya Suzuki, Kenshi Hayashi, Mitsuaki Sawano, Masahiko Goya, Takeshi Yamashita, Keiichi Fukuda, Hisashi Ogawa, Toyonobu Tsuda, Mitsuaki Isobe, Kazunori Toyoda, Yoshihiro Miyamoto, Hiroaki Miyata, Tomonori Okamura, Yusuke Sasahara
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Despite the development of risk stratification schemes that have been widely used to determine the risk for thromboembolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), risk stratification schemes in Asian patients with NVAF remain undetermined. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine risk factors for ischemic stroke in Japanese patients with NVAF. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cohort study analyzed individual patient data from 5 AF registries in Japan: J-RHYTHM (Japanese Rhythm Management Trial for Atrial Fibrillation) Registry, Fushimi AF Registry, Shinken Database, Keio Interhospital Cardiovascular Studies (Keio Study), and Hokuriku-Plus AF Registry. Patients with atrial fibrillation were registered from 158 institutions in the J-RHYTHM Registry, 80 in the Fushimi AF Registry, a single hospital in Shinken Database, 11 in the Keio Study, and 19 in the Hokuriku-Plus AF Registry. Patients with valvular AF or lacking data were excluded. Data were collected and integrated in March 2016, and those from the Keio Study were updated in April 2018. Data were analyzed from April 2018 to February 2020. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Significant risk factors for ischemic stroke were determined by adjusted Cox proportional hazards analysis. <h3>Results</h3> In total, 12 289 patients with NVAF (3758 [31%] female; mean [SD] age 70.2 [11] years) were analyzed with a mean (SD) follow-up period of 649 (181) days (1.8 [0.5] years). During 21 820 person-years of follow-up, 241 cases of ischemic stroke were reported. Risk factors associated with ischemic stroke after adjustment for oral anticoagulant use at enrollment were age (75-84 years: hazard ratio [HR], 1.74; 95% CI, 1.32-2.30;<i>P</i> &lt; .001; and ≥85 years: HR, 2.41; 1.63-3.56;<i>P</i> &lt; .001), hypertension (HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.15-2.23;<i>P</i> = .006), previous stroke (HR, 2.75; 95% CI, 2.09-3.62;<i>P</i> &lt; .001), persistent or permanent AF (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.21-2.10;<i>P</i> = .001), and body mass index less than 18.5 (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.05-2.29;<i>P</i> = .03). Neither diabetes nor heart failure were identified as risk factors for ischemic stroke. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Previous stroke, advanced age, hypertension, persistent or permanent AF, and low body mass index were independent risk factors associated with ischemic stroke in Japanese patients with NVAF.
THE EFFECT OF THE GULF CRISIS ON THE CHILDREN OF IRAQ
Authors: Na Armijohussein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

The Gulf crisis began when Iraq invaded Kuwait on August 2, 1990. Trade sanctions against Iraq were rapidly instituted. During the six-week war beginning on January 16, 1991, over 120,000 allied sorties were carried out. The massive bombing and ground war resulted in Iraq's capitulation, followed by widespread civil revolt in the country. These uprisings, which caused the displacement of an estimated 2 million people, were suppressed in March and April 1991. Much international attention originally focused on the military and political ramifications of the Gulf crisis. This was followed by publicity surrounding the devastating plight of the Kurds and. © 1991, Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved.
Shwachman–Bodian–Diamond syndrome (SBDS) protein is a direct inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity and overexpressed in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Matthew D. Dun, Abdul Mannan, Callum J. Rigby, Stephen Butler, Hamish D. Toop, Dominik Beck, Patrick Connerty, Jonathan Sillar, Richard G. S. Kahl, Ryan J. Duchatel, Zacary Germon, Sam Faulkner, Mengna Chi, David Skerrett-Byrne, Heather C. Murray, Hayley Flanagan, Juhura G. Almazi, Hubert Hondermarck, Brett Nixon, Geoff De Iuliis, Janis Chamberlain, Frank Alvaro, Charles E. de Bock, Jonathan C. Morris, Anoop K. Enjeti, Nicole M. Verrills
Journal: Leukemia (2020)
Conduction Abnormalities and Ischemic Cardiomyopathy in an 84-Year-Old Man
Authors: Michael Jiang, Bradley P. Knight, Nishant Verma
Journal: Circulation (2020)

ECG CHALLENGEAn 84-year-old man with a history of ischemic cardiomyopathy and atrial flutter was referred to the electrophysiology clinic for consideration of cardiac resynchronization therapy.He had been found to have symptomatic atrial flutter over a decade earlier, at which time he underwent electrical cardioversion and was started on oral propafenone.He had remained on this medication at a dose of 325 mg twice daily since then without recurrent palpitations or arrhythmias.Six months before the electrophysiology clinic visit, he was found to have ischemic cardiomyopathy with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 32% and received multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention.An echocardiogram on follow-up showed no improvement in his LVEF and the patient continued to have Class II heart failure symptoms despite 3 months of optimal, guideline-directed medical therapy.His ECG in the clinic (Figure 1) demonstrated normal sinus rhythm with a heart rate ≈60 beats per minute and a QRS duration of 196 ms, which is his baseline on the basis of a review of his medical history.What is the cause of the patient's persistent wide QRS complex, and what is the best next step in management?Please turn the page to read the diagnosis.
Potential of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19 causes fears of shortages among people with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Deepak Jakhar, Ishmeet Kaur
Journal: Nature Medicine (2020)

Coping with COVID-19: scaling up virtual care to standard practiceTo the Editor -In times of disease outbreak, social distancing can be facilitated by video consultation, but many practices are not ready to implement this.Here, we share a roadmap for emergency scaling up of virtual care in the outpatient setting.Since the outbreak of SARS CoV-2 and the associated disease, COVID-19, in December of 2019, the effects of the virus
Melanoma-specific bcl-2 promotes a protumoral M2-like phenotype by tumor-associated macrophages
Authors: Marta Di Martile, Valentina Farini, Francesca Maria Consonni, Daniela Trisciuoglio, Marianna Desideri, Elisabetta Valentini, Simona D'Aguanno, Maria Grazia Tupone, Simonetta Buglioni, Cristiana Ercolani, Enzo Gallo, Bruno Amadio, Irene Terrenato, Maria Laura Foddai, Antonio Sica, Donatella Del Bufalo
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Background A bidirectional crosstalk between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment contributes to tumor progression and response to therapy. Our previous studies have demonstrated that bcl-2 affects melanoma progression and regulates the tumor microenvironment. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether bcl-2 expression in melanoma cells could influence tumor-promoting functions of tumor-associated macrophages, a major constituent of the tumor microenvironment that affects anticancer immunity favoring tumor progression. Methods THP-1 monocytic cells, monocyte-derived macrophages and melanoma cells expressing different levels of bcl-2 protein were used. ELISA, qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses were used to evaluate macrophage polarization markers and protein expression levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was performed to evaluate transcription factor recruitment at specific promoters. Boyden chamber was used for migration experiments. Cytofluorimetric and immunohistochemical analyses were carried out to evaluate infiltrating macrophages and T cells in melanoma specimens from patients or mice. Results Higher production of tumor-promoting and chemotactic factors, and M2-polarized activation was observed when macrophages were exposed to culture media from melanoma cells overexpressing bcl-2, while bcl-2 silencing in melanoma cells inhibited the M2 macrophage polarization. In agreement, the number of melanoma-infiltrating macrophages in vivo was increased, in parallel with a greater expression of bcl-2 in tumor cells. Tumor-derived interleukin-1β has been identified as the effector cytokine of bcl-2-dependent macrophage reprogramming, according to reduced tumor growth, decreased number of M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages and increased number of infiltrating CD4 + IFNγ + and CD8 + IFNγ + effector T lymphocytes, which we observed in response to in vivo treatment with the IL-1 receptor antagonist kineret. Finally, in tumor specimens from patients with melanoma, high bcl-2 expression correlated with increased infiltration of M2-polarized CD163 + macrophages, hence supporting the clinical relevance of the crosstalk between tumor cells and microenvironment. Conclusions Taken together, our results show that melanoma-specific bcl-2 controls an IL-1β-driven axis of macrophage diversion that establishes tumor microenvironmental conditions favoring melanoma development. Interfering with this pathway might provide novel therapeutic strategies.
An off-the-shelf artificial cardiac patch improves cardiac repair after myocardial infarction in rats and pigs
Authors: Ke Huang, Emily W. Ozpinar, Teng Su, Junnan Tang, Deliang Shen, Li Qiao, Shiqi Hu, Zhenhua Li, Hongxia Liang, Kyle Mathews, Valery Scharf, Donald O. Freytes, Ke Cheng
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2020)

Cell therapy has been a promising strategy for cardiac repair after injury or infarction; however, low retention and engraftment of transplanted cells limit potential therapeutic efficacy. Seeding scaffold material with cells to create cardiac patches that are transplanted onto the surface of the heart can overcome these limitations. However, because patches need to be freshly prepared to maintain cell viability, long-term storage is not feasible and limits clinical applicability. Here, we developed an off-the-shelf therapeutic cardiac patch composed of a decellularized porcine myocardial extracellular matrix scaffold and synthetic cardiac stromal cells (synCSCs) generated by encapsulating secreted factors from isolated human cardiac stromal cells. This fully acellular artificial cardiac patch (artCP) maintained its potency after long-term cryopreservation. In a rat model of acute myocardial infarction, transplantation of the artCP supported cardiac recovery by reducing scarring, promoting angiomyogenesis, and boosting cardiac function. The safety and efficacy of the artCP were further confirmed in a porcine model of myocardial infarction. The artCP is a clinically feasible, easy-to-store, and cell-free alternative to myocardial repair using cell-based cardiac patches.
Identification of Different Phenotypes of Esophageal Reflux Hypersensitivity and Implications for Treatment
Authors: Akinari Sawada, Mauricio Guzman, Kornilia Nikaki, Shirley Sonmez, Etsuro Yazaki, Qasim Aziz, Philip Woodland, Benjamin Rogers, C. Prakash Gyawali, Daniel Sifrim
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)
A phase 2, multicenter, placebo-controlled study of single-dose squaric acid dibutyl ester to reduce frequency of outbreaks in patients with recurrent herpes labialis
Authors: Anne Lynn S. Chang, Golara Honari, Linna Guan, Ludan Zhao, Maria Alora Palli, Thomas D. Horn, Arkadiusz Z. Dudek, Hugh McTavish
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Challenges and issues about organizing a hospital to respond to the COVID-19 outbreak: experience from a French reference centre
Authors: N. Peiffer-Smadja, J.-C. Lucet, G. Bendjelloul, L. Bouadma, S. Gerard, C. Choquet, S. Jacques, A. Khalil, P. Maisani, E. Casalino, D. Descamps, J.-F. Timsit, Y. Yazdanpanah, F.-X. Lescure
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2020)
Test-time adaptable neural networks for robust medical image segmentation
Authors: Neerav Karani, Ertunc Erdil, Krishna Chaitanya, Ender Konukoglu
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2020)

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) work very well for supervised learning problems when the training dataset is representative of the variations expected to be encountered at test time. In medical image segmentation, this premise is violated when there is a mismatch between training and test images in terms of their acquisition details, such as the scanner model or the protocol. Remarkable performance degradation of CNNs in this scenario is well documented in the literature. To address this problem, we design the segmentation CNN as a concatenation of two sub-networks: a relatively shallow image normalization CNN, followed by a deep CNN that segments the normalized image. We train both these sub-networks using a training dataset, consisting of annotated images from a particular scanner and protocol setting. Now, at test time, we adapt the image normalization sub-network for \emph{each test image}, guided by an implicit prior on the predicted segmentation labels. We employ an independently trained denoising autoencoder (DAE) in order to model such an implicit prior on plausible anatomical segmentation labels. We validate the proposed idea on multi-center Magnetic Resonance imaging datasets of three anatomies: brain, heart and prostate. The proposed test-time adaptation consistently provides performance improvement, demonstrating the promise and generality of the approach. Being agnostic to the architecture of the deep CNN, the second sub-network, the proposed design can be utilized with any segmentation network to increase robustness to variations in imaging scanners and protocols. Our code is available at: \url{https://github.com/neerakara/test-time-adaptable-neural-networks-for-domain-generalization}.
Clinical and pathological dermatological features of deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2: A multicenter, retrospective, observational study
Authors: François Chasset, Antoine Fayand, Philippe Moguelet, Floriane Kouby, Axelle Bonhomme, Nathalie Franck, Gabrielle Goldman-lévy, Sylvie Fraitag, Annick Barbaud, Viviane Queyrel, Isabelle Touitou, Guilaine Boursier, Guillaume Sarrabay, Stéphanie Ducharme-Benard, Nicolas Dupin, Camille Francès, Didier Bessis, Sophie Georgin-Lavialle
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiling in Early Stage I Lung Adenocarcinoma Reveals Predictive Aberrant Methylation in the Promoter Region of the Long Noncoding RNA PLUT: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Soo-Zin Kim-Wanner, Yassen Assenov, Mridul B. Nair, Dieter Weichenhan, Axel Benner, Natalia Becker, Katharina Landwehr, Ruprecht Kuner, Holger Sültmann, Manel Esteller, Ina Koch, Michael Lindner, Michael Meister, Michael Thomas, Matthias Bieg, Ursula Klingmüller, Matthias Schlesner, Arne Warth, Benedikt Brors, Erhard Seifried, Halvard Bönig, Christoph Plass, Angela Risch, Thomas Muley
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2020)

Surgical procedure is the treatment of choice in early stage I lung adenocarcinoma. However, a considerable number of patients experience recurrence within the first 2 years after complete resection. Suitable prognostic biomarkers that identify patients at high risk of recurrence (who may probably benefit from adjuvant treatment) are still not available. This study aimed at identifying methylation markers for early recurrence that may become important tools for the development of new treatment modalities.Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling was performed on 30 stage I lung adenocarcinomas, comparing 14 patients with early metastatic recurrence with 16 patients with a long-term relapse-free survival period using methylated-CpG-immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput next-generation sequencing. The differentially methylated regions between the two subgroups were validated for their prognostic value in two independent cohorts using the MassCLEAVE assay, a high-resolution quantitative methylation analysis.Unsupervised clustering of patients in the discovery cohort on the basis of differentially methylated regions identified patients with shorter relapse-free survival (hazard ratio: 2.23; 95% confidence interval: 0.66-7.53; p = 0.03). In two validation cohorts, promoter hypermethylation of the long noncoding RNA PLUT was significantly associated with shorter relapse-free survival (hazard ratio: 0.54; 95% confidence interval: 0.31-0.93; p < 0.026) and could be reported as an independent prognostic factor in the multivariate Cox regression analysis.Promoter hypermethylation of the long noncoding RNA PLUT is predictive in patients with early stage I adenocarcinoma at high risk for early recurrence. Further studies are needed to validate its role in carcinogenesis and its use as a biomarker to facilitate patient selection and risk stratification.
Diagnosis and Detection of Sarcoidosis. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Elliott D. Crouser, Lisa A. Maier, Kevin C. Wilson, Catherine A. Bonham, Adam S. Morgenthau, Karen C. Patterson, Eric Abston, Richard C. Bernstein, Ron Blankstein, Edward S. Chen, Daniel A. Culver, Wonder Drake, Marjolein Drent, Alicia K. Gerke, Michael Ghobrial, Praveen Govender, Nabeel Hamzeh, W. Ennis James, Marc A. Judson, Liz Kellermeyer, Shandra Knight, Laura L. Koth, Venerino Poletti, Subha V. Raman, Melissa H. Tukey, Gloria E. Westney, Robert P. Baughman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)

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Ideology, shared moral narratives, and the dark side of collective rationalization
Authors: Jesse Graham
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2020)

Abstract This commentary extends the target article's useful concepts to consider collective instances of representational exchange. When groups collectively rationalize their actions, entire networks of beliefs and desires can be created and maintained in the form of shared moral narratives and system-justifying ideologies. These collective rationalization cases illustrate how adaptive advantages can come at the expense of the truth.
Toward Community-Driven Big Open Brain Science: Open Big Data and Tools for Structure, Function, and Genetics
Authors: Adam S. Charles, Benjamin Falk, Nicholas Turner, Talmo D. Pereira, Daniel Tward, Benjamin D. Pedigo, Jaewon Chung, Randal Burns, Satrajit S. Ghosh, Justus M. Kebschull, William Silversmith, Joshua T. Vogelstein
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2020)

As acquiring bigger data becomes easier in experimental brain science, computational and statistical brain science must achieve similar advances to fully capitalize on these data. Tackling these problems will benefit from a more explicit and concerted effort to work together. Specifically, brain science can be further democratized by harnessing the power of community-driven tools, which both are built by and benefit from many different people with different backgrounds and expertise. This perspective can be applied across modalities and scales and enables collaborations across previously siloed communities.
Definition of prognostic subgroups in the T3 stage of the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: Tentative T3 stage subclassification
Authors: Alberto Conde-Ferreirós, Luis Antonio Corchete, Laura Puebla-Tornero, Roberto Corchado-Cobos, Natalia García-Sancha, Concepción Román-Curto, Javier Cañueto
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)