tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P204: Dyspnea as Predictor of All-cause Mortality: Reduction in Risk Over Time in a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Gene R Pesola, Vernon M Chinchilli, Yu Chen, Maria Argos, Faruque Parvez, Alauddin Ahmed, Tariqul Islam, Lin Tong, Rabiul Hasan, Alfred I Neugut, R. G Barr, Habibul Ahsan
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: It has been suggested that risk in longitudinal studies may drop with time, but clear-cut documentation has been sparse. The purpose of this investigation was to determine risks at several time points in a recently completed/published longitudinal study to further evaluate this hypothesis. Methods: A population-based sample of 11,533 Bangladeshsis aged 18 to 75 was recruited and followed for 11-12 years and all-cause mortality was evaluated in those with and without baseline dyspnea. Dyspnea, the exposure, was ascertained by trained physicians by questionnaire. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox Proportional Hazard models were used to determine differences between groups at 3, 6, and 11-12 years. Results: The Kaplan-Meier curves revealed a clear increase in mortality between dyspnea versus no dyspnea groups at the 3, 6, and 11.2 year time periods. The logrank test was significant with a p value less than 0.01 for all three time periods. At 3 years (3-yrs) the unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 3.43 (95% C.I.; 2.36 - 5.00). The 3-yrs HR adjusted for age, sex, arsenic well water concentration, education, blood pressure, BMI, and smoking was 2.58 (1.77 - 3.76)-for increased mortality in those with dyspnea versus no dyspnea. At 6-yrs, the crude and adj. HRs were 2.98 (2.28 - 3.88) and 2.23 (1.71 - 2.92), respectively. At 11.2 years, the crude and adj. HRs were 2.73 (2.27 - 3.28) and 2.10 (1.74 - 2.52) in those with dyspnea (relative to no dyspnea), respectively. Conclusions: Risk appears to drop over time in longitudinal studies of all-cause mortality, consistent with greater loss of those with the exposure relative to the unexposed. This phenomena might be expected. Therefore, longer longitudinal studies may actually underestimate and probably do not overestimate exposure risk.
The Future of the GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Authors: Irl B. Hirsch
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Assessment of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices among UNRWA health staff in Jordan concerning mental health programme pre-implementation: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yassir Turki, Suha Saleh, Shatha Albaik, Yasmeen Barham, Dorien van de Vrie, Yousef Shahin, Majed Hababeh, Akihiro Seita
Journal: The Lancet (2019)
A Model for Public Access to Trustworthy and Comprehensive Reporting of Research
Authors: Marina Broitman, Harold C. Sox, Jean Slutsky
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Global Epidemiology of Tuberculosis and Progress Toward Achieving Global Targets — 2017
Authors: Adam MacNeil, Philippe Glaziou, Charalambos Sismanidis, Susan Maloney, Katherine Floyd
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2019)

Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious disease agent (1) and the leading cause of death among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, accounting for approximately 40% of deaths in this population (2). The United Nations' (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (3) and the World Health Organization's (WHO's) End TB Strategy (4) have defined ambitious targets for 2020-2035, including a 35% reduction in the absolute number of TB deaths and a 20% reduction in TB incidence by 2020, compared with 2015 (4). Since 2000, WHO has produced annual TB estimates for all countries (1). Global and regional disease estimates were evaluated for 2017 to determine progress toward meeting targets. In 2017, an estimated 10 million incident cases of TB and 1.57 million TB deaths occurred, representing 1.8% and 3.9% declines, respectively, from 2016. Numbers of TB cases and disease incidence were highest in the WHO South-East Asia and Africa regions, and 9% of cases occurred among persons with HIV infection. Rifampicin-resistant (RR) or multidrug-resistant (MDR) (resistance to at least both isoniazid and rifampicin) TB occurred among 3.6% and 18% of new and previously treated TB cases, respectively (5.6% among all cases). Overall progress in global TB elimination was modest in 2017, consistent with that in recent years (1); intensified efforts to improve TB diagnosis, treatment, and prevention are required to meet global targets for 2020-2035.
Impact of Hydroxyurea on Survival and Risk of Thrombosis Among Older Patients With Essential Thrombocythemia
Authors: Nikolai A. Podoltsev, Mengxin Zhu, Amer M. Zeidan, Rong Wang, Xiaoyi Wang, Amy J. Davidoff, Scott F. Huntington, Smith Giri, Steven D. Gore, Xiaomei Ma
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2019)

ABSTRACT Background: Current guidelines recommend hydroxyurea (HU) as frontline therapy for patients with high-risk essential thrombocythemia (ET) to prevent thrombosis. However, little is known about the impact of HU on thrombosis or survival among these patients in the real-world setting. Patients and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of older adults (aged ≥66 years) diagnosed with ET from 2007 through 2013 using the linked SEER-Medicare database. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the effect of HU on overall survival, and multivariable competing risk models were used to assess the effect of HU on the occurrence of thrombotic events. Results: Of 1,010 patients, 745 (73.8%) received HU. Treatment with HU was associated with a significantly lower risk of death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.52; 95% CI, 0.43–0.64; P &lt;.01). Every 10% increase in HU proportion of days covered was associated with a 12% decreased risk of death (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.86–0.91; P &lt;.01). Compared with nonusers, HU users also had a significantly lower risk of thrombotic events (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.41–0.64; P &lt;.01). Conclusions: Although underused in our study population, HU was associated with a reduced incidence of thrombotic events and improved overall survival in older patients with ET.
Detection of unamplified target genes via CRISPR–Cas9 immobilized on a graphene field-effect transistor
Authors: Reza Hajian, Sarah Balderston, Thanhtra Tran, Tara deBoer, Jessy Etienne, Mandeep Sandhu, Noreen A. Wauford, Jing-Yi Chung, Jolie Nokes, Mitre Athaiya, Jacobo Paredes, Regis Peytavi, Brett Goldsmith, Niren Murthy, Irina M. Conboy, Kiana Aran
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2019)
Clinical progression at initiation of a life-extending therapy (LET) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is associated with a poor prognosis, whatever the treatment-line: Results of the CATS retrospective registry.
Authors: Nicolas Delanoy, Anne-Claire Hardy-Bessard, Sylvestre Le Moulec, Umberto Basso, Alison Jane Birtle, Alastair H Thomson, Michael Krainer, Ugo De Giorgi, Ali Hasbini, Kirsten Gedske Daugaard, Amit Bahl, Simon Chowdhury, Orazio Caffo, Philippe Beuzeboc, Dominique Spaeth, Jean-Christophe Eymard, Aude Flechon, Antoine Thiery-Vuillemin, Eleni Efstathiou, Stephane Oudard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

189 Background: We previously reported that cancer pain was associated with a poor prognosis in mCRPC patients (pts) treated with docetaxel (D) ( Oudard, BJU Int 2009). Asymptomatic chemo-naive pts treated with novel androgen receptor targeted agent (H) have a greater overall survival (OS) than those with mild symptoms ( Miller, Eur Urol 2018). We thus investigated the impact on OS of progression type at initiation of first-, second- and third-line of LET in a large cohort of mCRPC pts (CATS registry) treated with D, cabazitaxel (C) and H. Methods: 669 consecutive mCRPC pts treated with 3 LETs (DCH, n= 158; DHC, n=456; HDC, n=55) were retrospectively reviewed. Type of progression: PSA alone, radiographic ± PSA, clinical ± PSA ± radiographic at initiation of each LET was evaluable in 661 pts. Clinical progression was defined by worsening of cancer-related pain or symptoms as per physician judgment. Results: Clinical progression at initiation of LET increased with the number of treatment lines and was consistently associated with a worse outcome. Clinical progression was associated with a significantly shorter duration of treatment with H but had no influence on duration of taxanes. Conclusions: In pts treated with 3 LTEs (D, C and H) clinical progression at sequence initiation is associated with a poor OS and a shorter duration of hormonal treatment. These data may help guide treatment decisions.[Table: see text]
Socket healing with and without immediate implant placement
Authors: Mauricio G. Araújo, Cleverson O. Silva, Andrė B. Souza, Flavia Sukekava
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2019)

Abstract The aim of the present review was to describe the studies produced in Latin America that contributed to the elucidation of the effect of tooth extraction with and without immediate implant installation. An electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Scielo, Lilacs, and Embase to include clinical and experimental (animal) studies on immediate implants. The studies selected had to fulfill the following inclusion criteria: (i) to present clinical and/or histological data on socket healing with or without immediate implant installation; (ii) to be approved by a Latin American Ethic Committee or comparable; and (iii) to include at least one author from a Latin American institution or to be conducted in a Latin America institution. Latin American studies that fulfilled these criteria demonstrated that immediate implant installation was conducive for predictable osseointegration and high survival rates but failed to prevent bone modeling and dimensional reduction of the alveolar ridge. In addition, it was also shown that regenerative approaches, including hard and soft tissue grafts at the time of immediate implant placement, may be beneficial to compensate for the alveolar ridge reduction. Regenerative approaches immediately after tooth extraction may decrease the amount of dimension reduction of the alveolar ridge.
Abstract MP65: Clinical Correlation of Neck Circumference and Carotid-Wall Intima-Media Thickness
Authors: Klara J Rosenquist, Joseph M Massaro, Karol M Pencina, Ralph B D’Agostino, Alexa Beiser, Christopher J O’Donnell, Philip A Wolf, Joseph F Polak, Sudha Seshadri, Caroline S Fox
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Ectopic fat depots may have direct paracrine effects on local vasculature. Neck circumference is a proxy for upper body subcutaneous fat, a distinct fat depot that encases the carotid a...
Posttransplantation cyclophosphamide prevents graft-versus-host disease by inducing alloreactive T cell dysfunction and suppression
Authors: Lucas P. Wachsmuth, Michael T. Patterson, Michael A. Eckhaus, David J. Venzon, Ronald E. Gress, Christopher G. Kanakry
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2019)

Posttransplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) recently has had a marked impact on human allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Yet our understanding of how PTCy prevents graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) largely has been extrapolated from MHC-matched murine skin-allografting models that were highly contextual in their efficacy. Herein, we developed a T cell–replete, MHC-haploidentical, murine HCT model (B6C3F1→B6D2F1) to test the putative underlying mechanisms: alloreactive T cell elimination, alloreactive T cell intrathymic clonal deletion, and suppressor T cell induction. In this model and as confirmed in four others, PTCy did not eliminate alloreactive T cells identified using either specific Vβs or the 2C or 4C T cell receptors. Furthermore, the thymus was not necessary for PTCy's efficacy. Rather, PTCy induced alloreactive T cell functional impairment, which was supported by highly active suppressive mechanisms established within one day after PTCy that were sufficient to prevent new donor T cells from causing GVHD. These suppressive mechanisms included the rapid, preferential recovery of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, including those that were alloantigen specific, which served an increasingly critical function over time. Our results prompt a paradigm shift in our mechanistic understanding of PTCy. These results have direct clinical implications for understanding tolerance induction and for rationally developing novel strategies to improve patient outcomes.
CGE19-063: Creating a Clinical-Molecular Database to Study Patients with BRAF V600E-Mutated Brain Tumors
Authors: Yamini V. Ananth, Karisa Schreck
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2019)

Background: Glioblastoma remains incurable, but detailed molecular characterization has revealed different genomic subtypes have differential survival and sensitivity to therapies. Correlating clinical with molecular data has proven challenging, however, limiting the field’s insight into the effect of specific mutations. BRAF V600E, a targetable mutation with important therapeutic implications, is not well studied in adults with high-grade gliomas. With this study we sought to establish a consolidated clinical-molecular database in order to ascertain the range of primary brain tumors with BRAF V600E mutations that occur in adults, and the clinical and histopathological features of these tumors. Methods: We created a secure, web-based database using the REDCap tool. We analyzed data from 29 adults with primary brain tumors containing the BRAF V600E mutation, recording gender, age at diagnosis, tumor pathology, molecular tumor information, dates of surgeries, time to progression, treatments received, response to treatment, and survival. Results: The patient cohort’s median age at diagnosis was 33 ± 3.2 years. These patients were followed for a median of 4.2 ± 1.5 years. Tumor grades ranged from WHO I to IV, with 59% (n=17) of tumors classified as high grade by WHO criteria (III or IV). Of the patients with high-grade gliomas, 60% (n=6) received chemotherapy and radiation within 4 months of diagnosis. Three patients were treated at progression: 1 received standard therapy, the other 2 received an experimental targeted therapy of dabrafenib and trametinib (BRAF/MEK inhibitors). Overall, the high-grade glioma cohort received a median of one treatment (range 0–4) with a median follow up of 1.2 ± 0.9 years. Conclusion: Understanding the natural history of different genomic subtypes of glioblastoma is critical for the appropriate application of novel therapeutics. Here we demonstrate that a clinical-pathological database consisting of clinical and molecular data from patients with an uncommon mutation in brain tumors ( BRAF V600E) is useful for understanding the prevalence, distribution, and natural history of this disease. This novel database tool also creates a systematic manner in which to track the clinical outcome in cohorts of patients with specific mutations, which is of broad interest for patients with glioblastoma and other potentially targetable mutations.
A critical role of epigenetic inactivation of miR-9 in EVI1high pediatric AML
Authors: Nupur Mittal, Liping Li, Yue Sheng, Chao Hu, Fuxing Li, Tongyu Zhu, Xiaohong Qiao, Zhijian Qian
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2019)

Ectopic Viral Integration site 1 (EVI1) upregulation is implicated in 10–25% of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and has an inferior outcome with current chemotherapy regimens. Here we report that EVI1 upregulation is associated with methylation of the miR-9 promoter and correlated with downregulation of miR-9 in human AML cell lines and bone marrow (BM) cells from pediatric patients. Reactivation of miR-9 by hypomethylating agents and forced expression of miR-9 in EVI1high leukemia cell lines and primary leukemia cells results in apoptosis and decreased proliferation of EVI1high leukemia cells. Furthermore, re-expression of miR-9 delays disease progression in EVI1high leukemia-xenograft mice. Our results suggest that EVI1-induced hypermethylation and downregulation of the miR-9 plays an important role in leukemogenesis in EVI-1high pediatric AML, indicating that hypomethylating agents may be a potential therapeutic strategy for EVI1high pediatric AML.
Socioeconomic status should be seen alongside smoking as mortality risk, say experts
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2019)

The impact of socioeconomic circumstances on mortality is comparable to that of smoking, alcohol, and obesity as an independent risk factor, leading experts have concluded.1

The Lifepath project, funded by the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 collaborative, assessed evidence from more than 50 epidemiological and biological studies on health inequalities to investigate the biology behind social differences in healthy ageing. The results were presented at the project’s final meeting in Geneva on 26-27 March and helped inform guidance2 to policy makers on how health, economic, and social policies should be developed.

One of the key strands of the initiative, which brought together leading European experts on health inequalities, was to measure for the first time how much a person’s socioeconomic position directly affects worsening of health …
NHS must focus on routine care to tackle growing waiting lists, says spending watchdog
Authors: Ingrid Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2019)

The National Audit Office (NAO) has urged NHS England and NHS Improvement to set out by the autumn what actions they plan to take to reverse growing waiting times for elective procedures and cancer treatment.

While the number of people treated by the NHS each year is increasing, numbers of available beds have fallen, staff shortages have worsened, and the capacity of diagnostic services has not kept pace with rising demand, a report from the NAO says.1 Greater priority has also been given to emergency care and urgent cancer services at the expense of less urgent elective care.2

The elective care standard aims for 92% …
Bullying: GP leaders condemn victimisation of doctors, conference hears
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2019)

UK governments and professional organisations must improve the culture of healthcare, local medical committee (LMC) leaders have urged.

A motion passed by the annual conference of UK LMCs on 20 March deplored bullying and said that such abuses of power had no place in healthcare.

Proposing the motion, Iain Kennedy, a Scottish GP, talked about his own …
A Subset of Type I Conventional Dendritic Cells Controls Cutaneous Bacterial Infections through VEGFα-Mediated Recruitment of Neutrophils
Authors: Baptiste Janela, Amit A. Patel, Mai Chan Lau, Chi Ching Goh, Rasha Msallam, Wan Ting Kong, Michael Fehlings, Sandra Hubert, Josephine Lum, Yannick Simoni, Benoit Malleret, Francesca Zolezzi, Jinmiao Chen, Michael Poidinger, Ansuman T. Satpathy, Carlos Briseno, Christian Wohn, Bernard Malissen, Kenneth M. Murphy, Alexander A. Maini, Leen Vanhoutte, Martin Guilliams, Emmanuel Vial, Laurent Hennequin, Evan Newell, Lai Guan Ng, Philippe Musette, Simon Yona, Feriel Hacini-Rachinel, Florent Ginhoux
Journal: Immunity (2019)
Ambulatory Blood Pressure Reduction With SGLT-2 Inhibitors: Dose-Response Meta-analysis and Comparative Evaluation With Low-Dose Hydrochlorothiazide
Authors: Panagiotis I. Georgianos, Rajiv Agarwal
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

Sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT)-2 inhibitors lower clinic and ambulatory blood pressure (BP), possibly through their natriuretic action. However, it remains unclear whether this BP-lowering effect is dose dependent and different from that of low-dose hydrochlorothiazide. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to quantify the association of the dose with response of ambulatory BP to SGLT-2 inhibition and to provide comparative evaluation with low-dose hydrochlorothiazide.PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane database of clinical trials from inception of each database through 22 August 2018. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting treatment effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on ambulatory BP. We extracted data on the mean difference between the active treatment and placebo groups in change from baseline (CFB) of ambulatory systolic and diastolic BP.We identified seven RCTs (involving 2,381 participants) comparing SGLT-2 inhibitors with placebo. Of these, two RCTs included low-dose hydrochlorothiazide as active comparator. CFB in 24-h systolic BP between SGLT-2 inhibitor and placebo groups was -3.62 mmHg (95% CI -4.29, -2.94) and in diastolic BP was -1.70 mmHg (95% CI -2.13, -1.26). BP lowering with SGLT-2 inhibition was more potent during daytime than during nighttime. The CFB in ambulatory BP was comparable between low-dose and high-dose subgroups and was similar to that for low-dose hydrochlorothiazide. Eligible RCTs did not evaluate cardiovascular outcomes/mortality.This meta-analysis shows that SGLT-2 inhibitors provoke an average reduction of systolic/diastolic BP 3.62/1.70 mmHg in 24-h ambulatory BP. This BP-lowering effect remains unmodified regardless of the dose of SGLT-2 inhibitor and is comparable with BP-lowering efficacy of low-dose hydrochlorothiazide.