tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Incidence Rate and Risk Factors for Keratoacanthoma Among Residents of Queensland, Australia
Authors: Magdalena Claeson, Nirmala Pandeya, Jean-Claude Dusingize, Bridie S. Thompson, Adele C. Green, Rachel E. Neale, Catherine M. Olsen, David C. Whiteman
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2020)

Keratoacanthoma (KA) is a common and generally benign keratinocyte skin tumor. Reports of the incidence rates of KA are scant. In addition, the risk factors for KA are not well understood, although associations with UV radiation exposure and older age have been described.To investigate the incidence rate of KA and the risk factors for developing KA.The study included data from 40 438 of 193 344 randomly selected residents of Queensland, Australia, who participated in the QSkin Sun and Health (QSkin) prospective population-based cohort study. All participants completed a baseline survey between 2010 and 2011 and were ages 40 to 69 years at baseline. Histopathologic reports of KA were prospectively collected until June 30, 2014, through data linkage with pathologic records. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify risk factors associated with KA while controlling for potential confounding variables. Data were analyzed from January 2 to April 8, 2020.Demographic characteristics, phenotypes, UV radiation exposure, medical history, and lifestyle.Among 40 438 participants (mean [SD] age, 56 [8] years; 18 240 men [45.1%]), 596 individuals (mean [SD] age, 62 [6] years; 349 men [58.6%]) developed 776 KA tumors during a median follow-up period of 3.0 years (interquartile range, 2.8-3.3 years). The person-based age-standardized incidence rate for KA in the age-restricted cohort was 409 individuals per 100 000 person-years (based on the 2001 Australian population). Risk factors after adjustment for potential confounders were older age (age ≥60 years vs age <50 years; hazard ratio [HR], 6.38; 95% CI, 4.65-8.75), male sex (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.33-1.84), fair skin (vs olive, dark, or black skin; HR, 3.42; 95% CI, 1.66-7.04), inability to tan (vs ability to tan deeply; HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.19-2.40), previous excisions of keratinocyte cancers (ever had an excision vs never had an excision; HR, 6.28; 95% CI, 5.03-7.83), current smoking (vs never smoking, HR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.59-2.57), and high alcohol use (≥14 alcoholic drinks per week vs no alcoholic drinks per week; HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.09-1.86).This is, to date, the first large prospective population-based study to report the incidence rate and risk factors for KA. The high person-based incidence rate (409 individuals per 100 000 person-years) highlights the substantial burden of KA in Queensland, Australia. Furthermore, the study's findings suggest that older age (≥60 years), male sex, UV radiation-sensitive phenotypes, indications of high sun exposure (eg, previous keratinocyte cancer excisions), smoking, and high alcohol use are independent risk factors for the development of KA.
Higher-order immunoglobulin repertoire restrictions in CLL: the illustrative case of stereotyped subsets 2 and 169
Authors: Katerina Gemenetzi, Fotis Psomopoulos, Alejandra A. Carriles, Maria Gounari, Claudia Minici, Karla Plevova, Lesley-Ann Sutton, Maria Tsagiopoulou, Panagiotis Baliakas, Kostas Pasentsis, Achilles Anagnostopoulos, Raphael Sandaltzopoulos, Richard Rosenquist, Frederic Davi, Sarka Pospisilova, Paolo Ghia, Kostas Stamatopoulos, Massimo Degano, Anastasia Chatzidimitriou
Journal: Blood (2020)
COVID-CANCER HUIL STUDY:Registry of oncologic patients diagnosed with Covid-19 inInfanta Leonor University Hospital in Madrid, Spain
Authors: J. Rogado, B. Obispo, G. Serrano-Montero, A. Martin Merino, A. Lopez-Alfonso, C. Pangua, M. Perez-Perez, M. Fontan-Vela, M. A. Lara
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Background: Covid-19 has been shown to present more complications in immunosuppressed patients  Wedetermine whether differences exist in Covid-19-related mortality between cancer patients and general population inour hospital, and we also describe associated risk factors  Methods: We reviewed 2,216 medical records of all patients admitted to hospitalization in Infanta Leonor UniversityHospital in Madrid, Spain, with Covid-19 diagnosis between 5 March and 13 May, 2020  Study data were collectedand managed using REDCap electronic data capture tools  We described Covid-19 cumulative incidence in cancerpatients, treatment outcome, mortality, and associated risk factors  Results: We detected 85/2,216 cancer patients between all Covid-19 diagnoses  Mortality rate: 40/85 cancerpatients vs  260/2,131 in general ward (p<0 001)  Median age: 76 years old (34-94), 50/85 male patients  Mostfrequent histologies were lung cancer (22/85), colorectal cancer (19/85), prostate cancer (15/85), and breast cancer(10/85)  Most frequent staging was metastatic disease (32/85)  Only 2/85 patients were admitted to ICU  Mortality was associated with older median age (79 5 vs  73, p=0 03), high d dimer levels (1630 vs  830, p=0 03), high LDHlevels (315 5 vs  224, p=0 003), bilateral pneumonia (24/42 vs  5/22 with unilateral pneumonia, p=0 02), ARDS(12/13 vs  28/72 without ARDS, p<0 0001), and metastatic disease (20/32 metastatic vs  20/53 non-metastaticpatients, p=0 02)  Differences were maintained in multivariate analyses regarding ARDS (OR 23 7, p=0 007) andmetastatic disease (OR 2 5, p=0 05)  Conclusions: Covid-19 had a significant mortality in cancer patients  High D dimer and LDH levels and ARDSdevelopment in elderly metastatic patients carry an elevated risk of death in cancer patients diagnosed with Covid-19  However, only 2/85 patients were admitted to ICU and these data were decisive  It is a priority to createmeasures to avoid Covid-19 transmission in oncologic patients
Evaluation of Spanish hospitals participating in the Quality Oncology Practice Initiative program.
Authors: Rafael Lopez, Antonio Antón, Enrique Aranda, Alfredo Carrato, Manuel Constenla, Juan J. Cruz-Hernández, Eduardo Díaz-Rubio, Margarita Feyjóo, Jesús García-Foncillas, Pere Gascón, Vicente Guillem, Ilse Lugo, Carlos Camps
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

222 Background: Measuring and tracking quality of care is highly relevant in today’s healthcare. The Quality Oncology Practice Initiative (QOPI) program is a referral for evaluating oncology practices worldwide. The ECO Foundation (Excellence and Quality in Oncology), a collaboration of oncology experts from the major Spanish hospitals involved in cancer treatment, reached an agreement with ASCO (American Society of Clinical Oncology) to include Spanish hospitals in its QOPI program. Methods: We analyzed the results of the QOPI core module measures from 19 Spanish hospitals submitting their data in nine rounds (from Fall 2015 to Fall 2019). Results: Of the 19 hospitals, 15 participated more than once; none participated in all 9 rounds (2 hospitals participated in 8 rounds). The highest scores were for pathology report confirming malignancy, documenting plan of care for moderate/severe pain and chemotherapy dose, and chemotherapy administered to patients with metastatic solid tumor with performance status undocumented. Measures regarding a summary of chemotherapy treatment, tobacco use cessation counseling, and assessment of patient emotional well-being were among the lowest scored measures. Six of the 15 practices who participated repeatedly achieved a better score in their last round compared to their first. Overall, scores of Spanish hospitals improved from 67.79% in Fall 2015 to 68.91% in Fall 2019. Conclusions: This is the first study to evaluate QOPI scores in Spain; it showed that repeated participation enhances quality of care, although there is room for improvement. The ECO Foundation will continue supporting and engaging with practices to increase their participation in order to improve oncology care and implement strategies that address the areas for improvement.
US ex-doctor who ran fraudulent clinical trial sites is sentenced to 28 years in prison
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

A former doctor who ran two US contract research companies has been imprisoned for 28 years for faking the results of clinical trials and in many cases failing to even administer the drugs under study.

Sami Anwar of Richland, Washington State, owned companies that operated trial centres for studies into the treatment of cholesterol, diabetes, heart disease, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, opioid addiction, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and bipolar disorder, among other conditions.

Former clinic staff testified that the trial drugs were usually thrown away and fake data entered. When subjects were given the drugs, the record keeping was largely fraudulent and useless, the court heard. …
Error in the Figure
Authors: Anjali Jain, Jaclyn Marshall, Ami Buikema, Tim Bancroft, Jonathan Kelly, Craig Newschaffer, Marshall Jain
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Leonard B. Bacharier, MD; Theresa W. Guilbert, MD; David T. Mauger, PhD; Susan Boehmer, MA; Avraham Beigelman, MD; Anne M. Fitzpatrick, PhD; Daniel J. Jackson, MD; Sachin N. Baxi, MD; Mindy Benson, MSN, PN; Carey-Ann D. Burnham, PhD; Michael Cabana, MD; Mario Castro, MD, MPH; James F. Chmiel, MD, MPH; Ronina Covar, MD; Michael Daines, MD; Jonathan M. Gaffin, MD, MMSc; Deborah Ann Gentile, MD; Fernando Holguin, MD; Elliot Israel, MD; H. William Kelly, PharmD; Stephen C. Lazarus, MD; Robert F. Lemanske Jr, MD; Ngoc Ly, MD; Kelley Meade, MD; Wayne Morgan, MD; James Moy, MD; Tod Olin, MD; Stephen P. Peters, MD; Wanda Phipatanakul, MD, MS; Jacqueline A. Pongracic, MD; Hengameh H. Raissy, PharmD; Kristie Ross, MD; William J. Sheehan, MD; Christine Sorkness, PharmD; Stanley J. Szefler, MD; W. Gerald Teague, MD; Shannon Thyne, MD; Fernando D. Martinez, MD; for the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s AsthmaNet
Restaurant Advertising and Population Health
Authors: Frederick J. Zimmerman
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Sara N. Bleich, PhD; Mark J. Soto, MS; Jesse C. Jones-Smith, PhD; Julia A. Wolfson, PhD; Marian P. Jarlenski, PhD; Caroline G. Dunn, PhD; Johannah M. Frelier, MPH; Bradley J. Herring, PhD
Small molecule-based treatment approaches for intervertebral disc degeneration: Current options and future directions
Authors: Amir Kamali, Reihane Ziadlou, Gernot Lang, Judith Pfannkuche, Shangbin Cui, Zhen Li, R. Geoff Richards, Mauro Alini, Sibylle Grad
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Low back pain (LBP) is a major reason for disability, and symptomatic intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) contributes to roughly 40% of all LBP cases. Current treatment modalities for IDD include conservative and surgical strategies. Unfortunately, there is a significant number of patients in which conventional therapies fail with the result that these patients remain suffering from chronic pain and disability. Furthermore, none of the current therapies successfully address the underlying biological problem - the symptomatic degenerated disc. Both spinal fusion as well as total disc replacement devices reduce spinal motion and are associated with adjacent segment disease. Thus, there is an unmet need for novel and stage-adjusted therapies to combat IDD. Several new treatment options aiming to regenerate the IVD are currently under investigation. The most common approaches include tissue engineering, growth factor therapy, gene therapy, and cell-based treatments according to the stage of degeneration. Recently, the regenerative activity of small molecules (low molecular weight organic compounds with less than 900 daltons) on IDD was demonstrated. However, small molecule-based therapy in IDD is still in its infancy due to limited knowledge about the mechanisms that control different cell signaling pathways of IVD homeostasis. Small molecules can act as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative, and anabolic agents, which can prevent further degeneration of disc cells and enhance their regeneration. This review pursues to give a comprehensive overview of small molecules, focusing on low molecular weight organic compounds, and their potential utilization in patients with IDD based on recent in vitro, in vivo, and pre-clinical studies.
Mechanical circulatory support does not reduce advanced myocardial fibrosis in patients with end‐stage heart failure
Authors: Astrid Kassner, Cenk Oezpeker, Jan Gummert, Armin Zittermann, Anna Gärtner, Jens Tiesmeier, Henrik Fox, Michiel Morshuis, Hendrik Milting
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2020)

Aims Mechanical unloading by ventricular assist devices (VADs) has become increasingly important for the therapy of end‐stage heart failure during the last decade. However, VAD support was claimed to be associated with partial reverse remodelling. Unfortunately, the literature describes the contradictory effects of VAD systems on cardiac fibrosis, a hallmark of cardiac remodelling. To clarify these inconsistent results, the effects on cardiac fibrosis before and after mechanical unloading in 125 patients were examined. Methods and results Left ventricular myocardial tissue from ischaemic or non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy patients undergoing VAD implantation and subsequent cardiac transplantation and non‐failing hearts of the control group were analysed for 4‐hydroxyproline (4OH‐P) content as a marker for collagen protein. In addition, collagen cross‐linking and mRNAs of collagens I and III and transforming growth factor beta‐1 were measured. 4OH‐P content was significantly increased in failing hearts compared with the control group and increased ( P &lt; 0.05) after mechanical unloading (nmol/mg tissue, mean ± standard deviation: 16.74 ± 9.68 vs. 7.75 ± 2.39 and 18.57 ± 9.19). However, plotting of the 4OH‐P ratios (post/pre‐VAD) against the collagen content pre‐VAD could be fitted by non‐linear regression. Collagen cross‐linking correlated strongly with the total collagen content in pre‐ and post‐VAD myocardium (r 2 = 0.73 and 0.71, respectively). In contrast to the total collagen content, all three mRNAs of fibrotic genes were significantly down‐regulated during VAD support when compared to pre‐VAD. Conclusions This investigation of a comparably large patient cohort revealed that cardiac fibrosis was strongly increased in heart failure and increased even after mechanical unloading. The mRNAs of collagens I and III are independently regulated from the collagen protein.
Synchronizing advance directives among patients across a health system.
Authors: Sherri Rauenzahn Cervantez, Sadiyah Hotakey, Amanda Hernandez, Stephanie Warren, Jennifer Quintero, Cesar Garcia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

233 Background: Advance directives (ADs) are legal tools that direct treatment or decision making and appoint a surrogate decision-maker (health care proxy). The presence of ADs is associated with decreased rates of hospitalization, use of life-sustaining treatment, and deaths in a hospital setting. Additionally, completed ADs lead to increased use of hospice or palliative care, more positive family outcomes, improved quality of life for patients, and reduced costs for healthcare. Despite the benefits of advance care planning, only 18-36% of adults have completed advance care plans. The aims of our pilot study were to 1) implement a synchronized system for advance care planning across the UT Health San Antonio health system and 2) improve advance care planning rates in a primary care clinic and palliative oncology clinic. Methods: During a 10-month prospective period, system processes for advance care planning were reviewed with identification of three primary drivers for advance care plan completion: a) electronic/EMR processes, b) clinical workflows and training, and c) patient resources and education. As a result of this quality improvement initiative, standardized forms, resources, and processes for obtaining advance care plans were implemented in the selected clinics. Results: At baseline, the primary care clinic had 84/644 (13%) patients and the palliative oncology clinic had 25/336(7%) with completed advance care plans. With the implementation of a standardized process, 108 patients (23% increase in rate of completion) in the primary clinic and 56 patients (71% increase in rate of completion) in the palliative oncology setting completed advance care planning (ACP). Additionally, there was a 5-fold increase in billing of ACP CPT codes within the clinics during the first 6 months compared to the prior full year. Conclusions: While this quality improvement pilot initiative was limited to two clinics, the synchronized modifications suggest that the system changes could be expanded to other clinics in our UT health system to promote ACP discussions, completion of plans, and ultimately improved patient care.
Contribution of Genetics to the Susceptibility to Hidradenitis Suppurativa in a Large, Cross-sectional Dutch Twin Cohort
Authors: Kelsey R. van Straalen, Errol P. Prens, Gonneke Willemsen, Dorret I. Boomsma, H. H. van der Zee
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease in which genetic factors are considered to play a role, with up to 38% of patients reporting a family history. Variations in the γ-secretase genes are found mainly in familial cases with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. These variations are rare in the general population with hidradenitis suppurativa, even in patients who report a family history of the disease. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess the heritability of hidradenitis suppurativa in a nationwide Dutch twin cohort. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> In this cross-sectional study on self-reported hidradenitis suppurativa conducted from 2011 to 2016, data were collected from twins participating in the surveys of the nationwide Netherlands Twin Register. All complete twin pairs answering the question on hidradenitis suppurativa in the survey were included: 978 female monozygotic twin pairs and 344 male monozygotic twin pairs and 426 female dizygotic twin pairs, 167 male dizygotic twin pairs, and 428 dizygotic twin pairs of the opposite sex. Statistical analysis was performed from July to November 2019. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The main outcome is the proportion of susceptibility to hidradenitis suppurativa due to additive genetic factors (narrow-sense heritability), dominant genetic factors, common or shared environmental factors, or unshared or unique environmental factors. The main outcome was evaluated prior to data collection. <h3>Results</h3> The prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa among twin pairs was 1.2% (58 of 4686); the mean (SD) age was 32.7 (15.4) years. The narrow-sense heritability of hidradenitis suppurativa was 77% (95% CI, 54%-90%), with the remainder of the variance due to unshared or unique environmental factors based on an age-adjusted model combining additive genetic factors and unshared or unique environmental factors. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The high heritability found in this study suggests a stronger than previously assumed genetic basis of hidradenitis suppurativa. Environmental factors were also shown to contribute to the susceptibility to hidradenitis suppurativa, supporting a multifactorial cause of the disease. Moreover, the results of this study strongly support the need for a global genome-wide association study in the general population of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa.
Recent Advances in Antiinflammatory Material Design
Authors: Eloïse Lebaudy, Sylvie Fournel, Philippe Lavalle, Nihal Engin Vrana, Varvara Gribova
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Implants and prostheses are widely used to replace damaged tissues or to treat various diseases. However, besides the risk of bacterial or fungal infection, an inflammatory response usually occurs. Here, recent progress in the field of anti‐inflammatory biomaterials is described. Different materials and approaches are used to decrease the inflammatory response, including hydrogels, nanoparticles, implant surface coating by polymers, and a variety of systems for anti‐inflammatory drug delivery. Complex multifunctional systems dealing with inflammation, microbial infection, bone regeneration, or angiogenesis are also described. New promising stimuli‐responsive systems, such as pH‐ and temperature‐responsive materials, are also being developed that would enable an “intelligent” antiinflammatory response when the inflammation occurs. Together, different approaches hold promise for creation of novel multifunctional smart materials allowing better implant integration and tissue regeneration.
Do cross-reactive antibodies cause neuropathology in COVID-19?
Authors: Jakob Kreye, S. Momsen Reincke, Harald Prüss
Journal: Nature reviews. Immunology (2020)

Neurological symptoms are seen in patients with COVID-19 and can persist or re-emerge after clearance of SARS-CoV-2. Recent findings suggest that antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 can cross-react with mammalian proteins. Focusing on neurological symptoms, we discuss whether these cross-reactive antibodies could contribute to COVID-19 disease pathology and to the persistence of symptoms in patients who have cleared the initial viral infection. Neurological symptoms are increasingly being observed in patients with COVID-19; this Comment article considers whether cross-reactive antibodies might contribute to the pathology associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
MicroRNA‐34a‐5p Promotes Joint Destruction During Osteoarthritis
Authors: Helal Endisha, Poulami Datta, Anirudh Sharma, Sayaka Nakamura, Evgeny Rossomacha, Carolen Younan, Shabana A. Ali, Ghazaleh Tavallaee, Starlee Lively, Pratibha Potla, Konstantin Shestopaloff, Jason S. Rockel, Roman Krawetz, Nizar N. Mahomed, Igor Jurisica, Rajiv Gandhi, Mohit Kapoor
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2020)

Objective MicroRNA‐34a‐5p (miR‐34a‐5p) expression is elevated in the synovial fluid of patients with late‐stage knee osteoarthritis (OA); however, its exact role and therapeutic potential in OA remain to be fully elucidated. This study was undertaken to examine the role of miR‐34a‐5p in OA pathogenesis. Methods Expression of miR‐34a‐5p was determined in joint tissues and human plasma (n = 71). Experiments using miR‐34a‐5p mimic or antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) treatment were performed in human OA chondrocytes, fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) (n = 7–9), and mouse OA models, including destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM; n = 22) and the accelerated, more severe model of mice fed a high‐fat diet and subjected to DMM (n = 11). Wild‐type (WT) mice (n = 9) and miR‐34a–knockout (KO) mice (n = 11) were subjected to DMM. Results were expressed as the mean ± SEM and analyzed by t ‐test or analysis of variance, with appropriate post hoc tests. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. RNA sequencing was performed on WT and KO mouse chondrocytes. Results Expression of miR‐34a‐5p was significantly increased in the plasma, cartilage, and synovium of patients with late‐stage OA and in the cartilage and synovium of mice subjected to DMM. Plasma miR‐34a‐5p expression was significantly increased in obese patients with late‐stage OA, and in the plasma and knee joints of mice fed a high‐fat diet. In human OA chondrocytes and FLS, miR‐34a‐5p mimic increased key OA pathology markers, while miR‐34a‐5p ASO improved cellular gene expression. Intraarticular miR‐34a‐5p mimic injection induced an OA‐like phenotype. Conversely, miR‐34a‐5p ASO injection imparted cartilage‐protective effects in the DMM and high‐fat diet/DMM models. The miR‐34a–KO mice exhibited protection against DMM‐induced cartilage damage. RNA sequencing of WT and KO chondrocytes revealed a putative miR‐34a‐5p signaling network. Conclusion Our findings provide comprehensive evidence of the role and therapeutic potential of miR‐34a‐5p in OA.