tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Optimising fitness for major vascular surgery
Authors: Ruth Benson, Gordon McGregor, Mishkat Shehata, Christopher Imray
Journal: BMJ (2019)

### What you need to know

Major vascular surgeries, such as aortic aneurysm repair, carotid endarterectomy, and lower limb revascularisation, are increasingly common and carry a high risk. More than 200 million people are affected by peripheral arterial disease worldwide,1 of whom 10-20% require surgery. In the UK, 1.2-1.5% of men over 65 have an abdominal aortic aneurysm, and more than 4000 repairs were performed in 2017.23 Between 7% and 18% of ischaemic strokes are attributed to carotid artery stenosis. About 4000 patients undergo carotid endarterectomy in the UK each year.45

In this article, we review key preoperative interventions that can be started in primary care at the time of referral to a vascular surgeon. The decision whether a patient is fit for surgery will likely be made by the specialist vascular team following evaluation and imaging. However, early interventions initiated in primary care can potentially improve patient outcomes, even when there is uncertainty around a patient’s suitability for surgery.

### Search strategy

We searched Medline and the Cochrane database for trials and clinical guidelines relating to abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery, lower limb bypass, and carotid endarterectomy. We considered guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), the European Society of Vascular Surgery, the European Society of Cardiology, and the Society of Vascular Surgery for key recommendations related to current vascular practice. Where possible, we relied on studies on major vascular surgeries, such as carotid endarterectomy, aneurysm repair, or peripheral limb revascularisation. If evidence was lacking, sources …
Prognostic significance of positive lymph nodes in carcinoma of the cervix following radical hysterectomy
Authors: O. K. Macdonald, C. M. Lee, J. Chen, M. Dodson, D. K. Gaffney
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

5538 Background: Lymph node (LN) metastases portend a poor outcome in women with carcinoma of the uterine cervix, but little data quantitatively evaluate nodal metastasis in relation to prognosis. We queried a large population database to analyze the number of positive LN in relation to survival following radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy. Methods: Data were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program on women who had primary surgery for the years 1988–2003 (n = 4,559). Analyses using the chi-square test and Cox proportional hazards regression were performed. Exploratory analysis revealed equivalent statistical outcomes in each group for 0 (n = 3,715), 1–2 (n = 552), 3–9 (n = 261), and ≥10 (n = 31) positive LNs, respectively. Results: The median number of LNs removed per patient has significantly declined in recent years (median = 21 for 1988–1998, median = 18 1998–2003, p=.003). The 5-year rates of cause specific (CSS) and overall survival (OS) were 94% and 91%, 76% and 69%, 62% and 58%, and 41% and 35% for 0, 1–2, 3–9 and ≥10 positive LNs, respectively. Favorable stage and grade predicted for survival on multivariate analysis. Adenocarcinoma histology predicted significantly inferior CSS (p=.007) and OS (p=.01) compared to squamous histology in women with positive LNs, but predicted improved OS (p=.004) in women with LN negative disease. An increasing number of LNs removed significantly benefited OS (p=.001). The strongest predictors for both CSS and OS were ≥10 positive LN (HR 1.8 CI 1.2–2.7, p&lt;.0001) a positive LN ratio &gt;25% (HR 1.8 CI 1.5–2.2, p&lt;.0001) and paraaortic LN metastasis (HR 2.1 CI 1.6–2.8, p&lt;.0001). Conclusions: The extent of lympadenectomy has declined since 1988 within the SEER. LN positive disease in carcinoma of the cervix portends a prognosis that is inversely proportional to the number of involved nodes. Adenocarcinoma histology predicted for a more aggressive or benign phenotype depending on LN status. A positive LN ratio &gt;25% demonstrated diminished survival suggesting that the quantitative LN burden is predictive of prognosis. Nodal involvement of the paraaortic region remains a strong indicator of mortality. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Genetic and Molecular Characterization of Ibrutinib-Resistant Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Designing Innovative Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Hui Guo, Shengjian Huang, Yang Liu, Carrie J Li, Jack Wang, Victoria Zhang, Makhdum Ahmed, Laura T Lam, Hui Zhang, Krystle Nomie, Liang Zhang, Michael Wang
Journal: Blood (2016)
Medical Mystery — The Answer
Authors: Nicholas Magee, Rory Convery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The medical mystery in the September 25 issue 1 involved a 48-year-old woman who had a 30-year history of dermatomyositis treated with prednisolone and who was admitted for depression and nausea.An abdominal radiograph was obtained.The diagnosis is calcinosis universalis, shown here by the ectopic calcification (Fig. 1B).This is a rare complication of dermatomyositis resulting from dystrophic calcification within the affected tissue.There was also skin pressure necrosis, as seen in Figure 1A.
Toward an integrated analysis of risk and benefit in clinical research
Authors: S. Hirschfeld
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

16012 Background: Clincial data collection can be resource intensive, and yet typically only a proportion of the data is informative to determine outcome. Outcomes are conventionally displayed as single entities or as a composite of several variables for benefit and as single entities, often categorized with regard to severity, for risk. Analysis is then collapsed to a series of analyses expressed in one or two dimensions with several probability factors, one associated with each outcome. Integrated risk-benefit assessment is generally left with individual practitioners to determine, both in consultation with patients and with colleagues as part of a formal or informal consensus process. Methods: A graphical approach assigning each variable of interest plus time a dimension in an n-dimensional space is proposed, calculating the coordinates of each patient as time progresses in that space to describe a path, and describing the sum of all paths for a patient population as bounded by a space. Results: Dispersion of outcomes can be readily determined as well as an integrated risk-benefit index using linear algebra. Comparisons between patient populations can be made on the basis of the boundaries of the space, the dispersion, the vector paths, and the average coordinates at the time of interest of the population as a whole. The number of dimensions can be restricted or expanded as required and can be collapsed into composite risk, including cost, and benefit indices to describe an integrated risk-benefit assessment. A density map can be plotted for all patients in the study space and probabilities assigned for the likelihood of any patient passing through a region of interest. Particular regions within the time-space continuum are then defined as desirable, acceptable, or unacceptable with regard to integrated outcome. Examples will be provided to illustrate the general method. Conclusions: A multidimensional graphical system has been developed to provide an integrated outcome assessment. Multiple analyses are possible including projections, density maps and transformations that may yield further insights into outcomes. Comparisons may be possible using conventional techniques, but in addition new types of comparisons using transformations and other techniques applicable to a space-time continuum may apply. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
An in vitro assay for biomarker discovery and dose prediction applied to ibrutinib plus venetoclax treatment of CLL
Authors: Sigrid S. Skånland, Andrea Cremaschi, Henrik Bendiksen, Johanne U. Hermansen, Deepak B. Thimiri Govinda Raj, Ludvig A. Munthe, Geir E. Tjønnfjord, Kjetil Taskén
Journal: Leukemia (2019)
Low Circulating B Lymphocytes in Newly Diagnosed Follicular and Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma: Differences Compared to Normal Subjects and Possible Prognostic Role
Authors: Riccardo Bruna, Massimo Geuna, Delia Rota Scalabrini, Alessandro Cignetti, Nathalie Santoro, Daniela Gottardi, Roberto Passera, Corrado Tarella
Journal: Blood (2017)
CRISPR/Cas9 Generation of Npm1-Alk in Transplantable Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells Accurately Models ALK-Positive Lymphoma in Recipients
Authors: Soumya Sundara Rajan, Lingxiao Li, Kranthi Kunkalla, Amit Dipak Amin, Nitin Agarwal, Francisco Vega, Jonathan H. Schatz
Journal: Blood (2018)
Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: G. A. Milano, M. C. Etienne-Grimaldi, M. Francoual, D. Benchimol, M. Chazal, C. Letoublon, T. André, N. Gilly, J. Delpero, J. L. Formento
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

4110 Background: Colorectal tumors express EGFR and are responsive to anti-EGFR therapies. However, there is no tumoral predictive factor for anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer and EGFR gene copy number is currently a good candidate. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between EGFR germinal polymorphisms, EGFR gene copy number and EGFR expression. Methods: Eighty primary colorectal tumors were analyzed along with 39 normal mucosas. Tumor staging was : 4 stage 0, 13 stage I, 22 stage II, 23 stage III and 18 stage IV. EGFR -216G&gt;T and -191C&gt;A genotypes were analyzed by PCR-RFLP, CA-repeats polymorphism in intron 1 by fluorescent genotyping and gene copy number was measured by PCR amplification. EGFR expression was quantified with the reference Scatchard binding assay giving high- and low-affinity sites along with Kd values (Francoual M et al. Ann Oncol 17, 2006). Results: The number of CA- repeats varied from 14 to 21. Considered genotypes were superimposable between tumoral and normal tissues. A linkage disequilibrium was noted between -216G&gt;T and -191C&gt;A genotypes (p = 0.011). CA-repeats polymorphism and -216G&gt;T genotype were not independent (p = 0.002). No relationship was observed between any of the analyzed EGFR genotypes and EGFR expression. EGFR expression was not related to gene amplification. EGFR gene amplification in tumor and normal tissue varied over a 4.7- and 2.9-fold range, respectively, and were not correlated. The mean value of the tumor/normal mucosa amplification ratio was 1.16 (range 0.55–2.68) and 14% of patients exhibited lower amplification in the tumor relative to the normal mucosa (ratio &lt; 0.75). The mean ratio of high-affinity sites between tumor and normal mucosa was 1.20 (range 0.03–13.33). Conclusions: In colorectal tumors, neither EGFR gene amplification nor EGFR germinal gene polymorphisms influenced EGFR expression quantified with a specific ligand-binding assay. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
P140 Identification of affimers that bind to the IL-7R and inhibits the IL-7 signalling cascade
Authors: D Perez-Witzke, C Tiede, JI Robinson, D Tomlinson, P Emery, F Ponchel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

<h3>Career situation of first and presenting author</h3> Student for a master or a PhD. <h3>Introduction</h3> IL-7R is a heterodimer constituted by the IL-7R alpha (α) chain (CD127) and the common gamma (g) chain (CD132). IL-7 binding to IL-7R expressed on CD4+ T cells induces a survival signal. The IL-7/IL-7R signalling axis has been validated as a therapeutic target for treatment of both T-cell driven autoimmune diseases (AIDs)<sup>1</sup> and T Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (T-ALL).<sup>2</sup> Affimers are small and stable artificial proteins which bind with nanomolar affinities to human proteins and can block protein-protein interactions.<sup>3</sup> They are becoming widespread owing to their stability, ease of production and versatility. <h3>Objectives</h3> Identify Affimers that recognise the IL-7Rα and inhibits the IL-7 signalling cascade. This may result in an attractive approach for the treatment of both T-cell driven autoimmune diseases and T-ALL. <h3>Methods</h3> The type-II Affimer library (10<sup>10</sup>) was interrogated by Phage display using fully glycosylated human IL-7Rα ectodomain (ECD). PhageELISA and DNA sequencing were used to either obtain or elucidate the unique binders (Affimers), respectively. Affimers were produced as His-Tagged proteins (∼13 kDa) in <i>E. coli</i> and purified using IMAC. Affimer binding to IL-7Rα was confirmed by pull-down assays (soluble) and Flow cytometry (membrane). An IL-7 reporter assay using HEK-IL7R (HEK293 cells stably transfected with the IL-7R) was developed and the biological effect of the Affimers was elucidated. <h3>Results</h3> We have screened an Affimer library using human ECD-IL7Rα and after three consecutive panning rounds, 20 Affimers were raised as shown by PhageELISA and DNA sequencing. From these, 17 were able to pull-down the soluble ECD-IL7Rα and 7 stained specifically HEK-IL7R cells (by flow cytometry using anti-His Tag Abs). Finally, we have identified 3 Affimers (1, 42 and 96) that showed inhibition of the IL-7 signalling cascade on HEK-IL7R cells. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our work demonstrates the possibility of screening an Affimer library for a cytokine-receptor target, and selecting specific binders, some of which showed the desired antagonist activity of the cytokine signalling cascade. IL-7 itself is a validated target, so this work offers an alternative to antibody-mediated protein interference. With further biological validation including animal models, it may even offer a novel therapeutic tool for AIDs and T-ALL. <h3>References</h3> Ponchel F, <i>et al. Advances in Medicine and Biology</i> 2014;77. Cramer, SD, <i>et al. Blood</i> 2016;128:473–78. Tiede, <i>et al. eLife</i> 2017;6:e24903. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> We would like to thanks Prof. S. Savvides, Dr. K. Verstraete (VIB, Belgium) and Dr. Joao Barata (IMM, Portugal) for their contribution on this work. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared.
Closing Gaps in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Through Community-Centered Primary Health Care Interventions
Authors: Anubha Agarwal, Namratha R. Kandula
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
The Principles and Practice of Surgery. Designed for Students and Practitioners.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Practice of Physical Medicine
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Lethal Hidden Curriculum — Death of a Medical Student from Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Catherine R. Lucey, Lee Jones, Abigail Eastburn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

Interview with Dr. Catherine Lucey on the identification and treatment of opioid use disorder in medical students. (09:38)Download In 2017, a first-year student at the UCSF School of Medicine died from a drug overdose. Analysis of the events leading up to this death showed that many clinicians who interacted with the student provided well-intended advice that ran counter to evidence-based medicine.
Practical Fiberoptic Colonoscopy.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

0 Dr. Yoshiniro Sakai has been doing colonoscopy for 12 years and was one of the first in the world to use the colonoscope.He attributes his success with this technique to the technical developments of the new instruments; however, it appears to me that his success is due more to his brilliant ability and extensive experience.Sakai emphasizes that the frequent false-negative and false-positive findings with barium enema roentgenography have resulted in an increasing use of colonoscopy, and certainly I have noticed that radiologists are more frequently recommending colonoscopy for further classification of problems seen radiologically.Sakai prefers colonoscopic examination to barium enema roentgenography for following up inflammatory bowel disease.Aside from avoiding radiation in many instances, colonoscopy offers the ability to obtain histologic, histochemical and immunopathologic information from the examination.In addition, because Sakai does not use an enema to prepare the bowel, less assistance is needed from nursing staff, and the whole procedure is much easier for elderly patients.Although he does not mention the use of glucagon as a bowel relaxant Sakai does use cholinergics to assist in passing the colonoscope.This volume is educational, easy to read and has many useful illustrations, including some beautiful colonoscopic photographs.Sakai describes in great detail the various maneuvers and problems that can be encountered during colonoscopy.He recommends using the stiffening tube; however, he does not point out that this requires fluoroscopy, which can be accompanied by complications when not used cautiously.Considerable space is given to describing the a-maneuver, a 1800 rotation of the instrument to eliminate the loops, the balance beam maneuver and the walking-stick phenomenon, which is a frequent problem with proximal colonoscopy.He does not mention the advantages of the narrower, single-channel colonoscope over the wider, doublechannel colonoscope, which is more difficult to introduce.Sakai emphasizes the need for carbon dioxide, but, like many other colonoscopists, I do not think that it is necessary if the bowel preparation is adequate.Sakai prefers frequent follow-upat 2 weeks, 6 weeks and 6 monthsfollowing polypectomy, whereas I feel that if a polyp is cancerous a follow-up at 6 to 8 weeks is sufficient.If there is
Optimizing design parameters of a peptide targeted liposomal nanoparticle in an in vivo multiple myeloma disease model after initial evaluation in vitro
Authors: Jared F. Stefanick, David T. Omstead, Jonathan D. Ashley, Peter E. Deak, Nur Mustafaoglu, Tanyel Kiziltepe, Basar Bilgicer
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2019)
Correction: Downregulation of Human Endogenous Retrovirus Type K (HERV-K) Viral <i>env</i> RNA in Pancreatic Cancer Cells Decreases Cell Proliferation and Tumor Growth
Authors: Ming Li, Laszlo Radvanyi, Bingnan Yin, Kiera Rycaj, Jia Li, Raghavender Chivukula, Kevin Lin, Yue Lu, JianJun Shen, David Z. Chang, Donghui Li, Gary L. Johanning, Feng Wang-Johanning
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2019)

In the original version of this article (1), author Kiera Rycaj was mistakenly omitted from the author list. This error has been corrected in the latest online HTML and PDF versions of the article and the author contributions and disclosures have been updated as necessary. The authors regret this error.