tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 208: A Comprehensive Simulation-Based Training for E-CPR Improves the Neurological Outcome in Patients With Refractory Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Takashi Unoki, Daisuke Takagi, Yudai Tamura, Hiroto Suzuyama, Eiji Taguchi, Yukihiro Katayama, Tadashi Sawamura, Junichi Maehara, Tomohiro Sakamoto, Koichi Nakao
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Prolonged conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (C-CPR) is associated with a poor prognosis in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (E-CPR) has been utilized as a rescue strategy for patients with cardiac arrest unresponsive to C-CPR. However, the indication and optimal duration to switch from C-CPR to E-CPR are not well established. In addition, the opportunities to develop teamwork skills and expertise to mitigate risks are few. We thus developed the implementation protocol for the E-CPR simulation program, and investigated whether the faster deployment of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) improves the neurological outcome in patients with refractory OHCA. Methods: A total of 42 consecutive patients (age 58±16 years, male ratio 90%, and initial shockable rhythm 64%) received E-CPR (3% of OHCA) during the study period. Among them, 32 (76%) were deployed ECMO during the pre-intervention time period (Pre: from January 2012 to September 2017), whereas 10 (24%) were deployed during the post-intervention time period (Post: October 2017 to May 2019). We compared the door to E-CPR time, collapse to E-CPR time, 30-day mortality, and favorable neurological outcome (Cerebral Performance Categories 1, 2) between the two periods. Results: There was no significant difference in age, the rates of male sex and shockable rhythm, and the time form collapse to emergency room admission between the two periods. The door to E-CPR time and the collapse to E-CPR time were significantly shorter in the post-intervention period compared to the pre-intervention period (Pre: 39 min [IQR; 30-50] vs. Post: 29 min [IQR; 22-31]; P=0.007, Pre: 76 min [IQR; 58-87] vs. Post: 59 min [IQR; 44-68]; P=0.02, respectively). The 30-day mortality was similar between the two periods (Pre: 88% vs. Post: 80%; P=0.6). In contrast, the rate of favorable neurological outcome at the time of discharge was significantly higher in post-intervention period (Pre: 0% vs. Post: 20%; P=0.01) compared to the pre-intervention period. Conclusion: A comprehensive simulation-based training for E-CPR seems to improve the neurological outcome in patients with refractory OHCA patients.
Verification, analytical validation, and clinical validation (V3): the foundation of determining fit-for-purpose for Biometric Monitoring Technologies (BioMeTs)
Authors: Jennifer C. Goldsack, Andrea Coravos, Jessie P. Bakker, Brinnae Bent, Ariel V. Dowling, Cheryl Fitzer-Attas, Alan Godfrey, Job G. Godino, Ninad Gujar, Elena Izmailova, Christine Manta, Barry Peterson, Benjamin Vandendriessche, William A. Wood, Ke Will Wang, Jessilyn Dunn
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2020)

Abstract Digital medicine is an interdisciplinary field, drawing together stakeholders with expertize in engineering, manufacturing, clinical science, data science, biostatistics, regulatory science, ethics, patient advocacy, and healthcare policy, to name a few. Although this diversity is undoubtedly valuable, it can lead to confusion regarding terminology and best practices. There are many instances, as we detail in this paper, where a single term is used by different groups to mean different things, as well as cases where multiple terms are used to describe essentially the same concept. Our intent is to clarify core terminology and best practices for the evaluation of Biometric Monitoring Technologies (BioMeTs), without unnecessarily introducing new terms. We focus on the evaluation of BioMeTs as fit-for-purpose for use in clinical trials. However, our intent is for this framework to be instructional to all users of digital measurement tools, regardless of setting or intended use. We propose and describe a three-component framework intended to provide a foundational evaluation framework for BioMeTs. This framework includes (1) verification, (2) analytical validation, and (3) clinical validation. We aim for this common vocabulary to enable more effective communication and collaboration, generate a common and meaningful evidence base for BioMeTs, and improve the accessibility of the digital medicine field.
Aggressive lymphoma subtype is a risk factor for venous thrombosis. Development of lymphoma ‐ specific venous thrombosis prediction models
Authors: Gouri Dharmavaram, Shufen Cao, Suchitra Sundaram, Sabarish Ayyappan, Kirsten Boughan, Molly Gallogly, Ehsan Malek, Leland Metheny, Benjamin Tomlinson, Folashade Otegbeye, Hillard M. Lazarus, Brenda Cooper, Pingfu Fu, Marcos de Lima, Paolo F. Caimi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2020)

Venous thromboembolic events (VTE) are a frequent complication of lymphoma. We conducted a retrospective analysis to compare VTE risk in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL). Subjects were randomly assigned to training and validation sets to identify risk factors of VTE and evaluate risk model performance, including the Khorana score. A group of 790 patients were diagnosed from 2002 to 2014 (DLBCL = 542, FL = 248). Median follow- up was 49 months. We observed 106 VTE, with higher incidence in DLBCL (5-year cumulative incidence = 16.3% vs 3.8% in FL patients). Five-year OS for patients with VTE was 51.4% vs 73.1% in patients without VTE (P < .001). Baseline VTE risk factors identified in the training cohort included lymphoma subtype, previous VTE, ECOG performance status ≥2, decreased albumin, increased calcium, elevated WBC, absolute lymphocyte count or monocyte count, and presence of bulky disease. Addition of new variables to the Khorana score improved its performance measured by Akaike information criterion and Concordance index. A new risk model including lymphoma subtype, albumin, WBC count, and bulky disease was validated in time-based ROC analyses. These findings were confirmed in the validation cohort. Lymphoma subtypes have different VTE risk. The effect of lymphoma subtype was independent from disease burden and the use of systemic therapy. The Khorana risk-score was validated in time to event analyses, and a more robust lymphoma-specific VTE risk score is proposed. These findings suggest lymphoma patients with highest VTE risk can be identified with baseline parameters.
Association of Medicaid Insurance With Survival Among Patients With Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Todd A. Pezzi, David L. Schwartz, Katherine M. W. Pisters, Abdallah S. R. Mohamed, James W. Welsh, Joe Y. Chang, Zhongxing Liao, Saumil J. Gandhi, Lauren A. Byers, Bruce D. Minsky, Clifton D. Fuller, Stephen G. Chun
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neoplasm requiring rapid access to subspecialized multidisciplinary care. For this reason, insurance coverage such as Medicaid may be associated with oncologic outcomes in this disproportionately economically vulnerable population. With Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act, it is important to understand outcomes associated with Medicaid coverage among patients with SCLC. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine the association of Medicaid coverage with survival compared with other insurance statuses. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cohort study included adult patients with limited-stage (LS) and extensive-stage (ES) SCLC in the US National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2013. Data were analyzed in January 2019. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Patients were analyzed with respect to insurance status. Associations of insurance status with survival were interrogated with univariate analyses, multivariable analyses, and propensity score matching. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 181 784 patients with SCLC (93 131 [51.2%] female; median [interquartile range] age; 67 [60-75] years for patients with LS-SCLC and 68 [60-75] years for patients with ES-SCLC) were identified, of whom 70 247 (38.6%) had LS-SCLC and 109 479 (60.2%) had ES-SCLC. On univariate analyses of patients with LS-SCLC, Medicaid coverage was not associated with a survival advantage compared with being uninsured (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.96-1.08;<i>P</i> = .49). Likewise, on multivariable analyses of patients with ES-SCLC, compared with being uninsured, Medicaid coverage was not associated with a survival advantage (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.96-1.03;<i>P</i> = .78). After propensity score matching, median survival was similar between the uninsured and Medicaid groups both among patients with LS-SCLC (14.4 vs 14.1 months; hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.98-1.12;<i>P</i> = .17) and those with ES-SCLC (6.3 vs 6.4 months; hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.96-1.04;<i>P</i> = .92). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Despite of billions of dollars in annual federal and state spending, Medicaid was not associated with improved survival in patients with SCLC compared with being uninsured in the US National Cancer Database. These findings suggest that there are substantial outcome inequalities for SCLC relevant to the policy debate on the Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act.
Hi-D: nanoscale mapping of nuclear dynamics in single living cells
Authors: Haitham A. Shaban, Roman Barth, Ludmila Recoules, Kerstin Bystricky
Journal: Genome biology (2020)

Abstract Bulk chromatin motion has not been analyzed at high resolution. We present Hi-D, a method to quantitatively map dynamics of chromatin and abundant nuclear proteins for every pixel simultaneously over the entire nucleus from fluorescence image series. Hi-D combines reconstruction of chromatin motion and classification of local diffusion processes by Bayesian inference. We show that DNA dynamics in the nuclear interior are spatially partitioned into 0.3–3-μm domains in a mosaic-like pattern, uncoupled from chromatin compaction. This pattern was remodeled in response to transcriptional activity. Hi-D can be applied to any dense and bulk structures opening new perspectives towards understanding motion of nuclear molecules.
Bioactive polymeric scaffolds for osteogenic repair and bone regenerative medicine
Authors: Nazanin Amiryaghoubi, Marziyeh Fathi, Nader Noroozi Pesyan, Mohammad Samiei, Jaleh Barar, Yadollah Omidi
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2020)

The loss of bone tissue is a striking challenge in orthopedic surgery. Tissue engineering using various advanced biofunctional materials is considered a promising approach for the regeneration and substitution of impaired bone tissues. Recently, polymeric supportive scaffolds and biomaterials have been used to rationally promote the generation of new bone tissues. To restore the bone tissue in this context, biofunctional polymeric materials with significant mechanical robustness together with embedded materials can act as a supportive matrix for cellular proliferation, adhesion, and osteogenic differentiation. The osteogenic regeneration to replace defective tissues demands greater calcium deposits, high alkaline phosphatase activity, and profound upregulation of osteocalcin as a late osteogenic marker. Ideally, the bioactive polymeric scaffolds (BPSs) utilized for bone tissue engineering should impose no detrimental impacts and function as a carrier for the controlled delivery and release of the loaded molecules necessary for the bone tissue regeneration. In this review, we provide comprehensive insights into different synthetic and natural polymers used for the regeneration of bone tissue and discuss various technologies applied for the engineering of BPSs and their physicomechanical properties and biological effects.
A novel technique to prevent migration of esophageal stent
Authors: Vikas Singla, Anil Arora, Shivam Khare, Ashish Kumar, Praveen Sharma, Naresh Bansal, Shrihari Anil Anikhindi
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

A 25-year-old man presented with a history of dysphagia after corrosive ingestion. Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy revealed a stricture in the lower esophagus ([Fig. 1]), which persisted after repeated sessions of endoscopic dilatation. As a rescue treatment, a fully covered self-expandable metallic stent, 18 mm in diameter, was placed in the lower esophagus. To prevent slippage and migration of the stent, a novel technique was used to fix the stent to esophageal wall ([Video 1]). The proximal end of the stent was fixed to the esophageal wall with clips. The procedure was performed under moderate sedation with Propofol. After submucosal injection with normal saline (stained with indigo carmine) at the proximal end of the stent, a vertical mucosal incision of 1 cm was made with a triangular tip knife ([Fig. 2]), and the mucosa distal to the incision was fixed to the stent by application of a hemoclip ([Fig. 3]). Two clips were applied, one each at the 12 and 6 o'clock position, which fixed the stent to the esophageal wall ([Fig. 4]). The whole procedure was well tolerated without any complication. After 4 weeks of follow-up, the stent was in situ and the patient asymptomatic.
Hormonal contraceptives and onset of asthma in reproductive-age women: Population-based cohort study
Authors: Bright I. Nwaru, Rebecca Pillinger, Holly Tibble, Syed A. Shah, Dermot Ryan, Hilary Critchley, David Price, Catherine M. Hawrylowicz, Colin R. Simpson, Ireneous N. Soyiri, Francis Appiagyei, Aziz Sheikh
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2020)
Initial Monthly Cost of Tafamidis—the Real Price for Patients—Reply
Authors: Jerry H. Gurwitz, Mathew S. Maurer
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Paralytic Agents for Intubation in the Out-of-Hospital Setting
Authors: Berthold Drexler, Christian Grasshoff
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Erratum: “Identifying and Prioritizing Chemicals with Uncertain Burden of Exposure: Opportunities for Biomonitoring and Health-Related Research”
Authors: Edo D. Pellizzari, Tracey J. Woodruff, Rebecca R. Boyles, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Paloma I. Beamer, Jessie P. Buckley, Aolin Wang, Yeyi Zhu, Deborah H. Bennett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2020)
Predictive Mathematical Models of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nicholas P. Jewell, Joseph A. Lewnard, Britta L. Jewell
Journal: JAMA (2020)

This Viewpoint discusses the challenges of accurately modeling the COVID-19 pandemic and reviews principles that will make some models more useful than others, such as use of granular local data when available, regular updating and revision, and specification of uncertainty around estimates.
Clinical and Social Risk Adjustment — Reconsidering Distinctions
Authors: Shantanu K. Agrawal, William H. Shrank
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Interview with Dr. William Shrank on the management of clinical and social risk factors in quality-assessment and payment programs. (10:03)Download Adopting methods that account for all factors that influence patients’ risk, and those factors’ interdependence, could help create a more equitable health care payment system that better serves patients, including the most disadvantaged members of society.
Infographic. Guidance for medical, health and fitness professionals to support women in returning to running postnatally
Authors: Grainne Marie Donnelly, Alan Rankin, Hayley Mills, Marlize DE VIVO, Thomas SH Goom, Emma Brockwell
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

Running is an increasingly popular form of physical activity with many women now continuing to run throughout their pregnancies.1 Consequently, many women may want to return to running or take this up as part of an active lifestyle following childbirth. Profound physical and physiological changes accompany pregnancy,2 and subsequent tissue healing following childbirth is understood to take 4–6 months.3 These healing timescales should be considered to support a successful return to running postnatally. Running involves sudden rises in intra-abdominal pressure4 and considerable force transmission through the lower limbs and pelvis with potential contre coup effects within the uterus.1 Undertaking running too soon could be considered to increase the risk of pelvic floor …
Loss of BAP1 Leads to More YAPing in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Rolf A. Brekken
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is increasing in incidence and is expected to be the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality by the year 2030. Understanding molecular pathways that contribute to pancreatic cancer initiation and progression provides the opportunity to uncover potential molecular vulnerabilities that can be exploited therapeutically. In this issue of Cancer Research, Lee and colleagues provide compelling evidence that BRCA1-associated protein (BAP1) functions as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer by promoting the activity of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway, highlighting YAP and TAZ, Hippo effectors, as attractive therapeutic targets in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, especially in BAP1-deficient or low tumors. See related article by Lee et al., p. 1656
Family History of Cluster Headache
Authors: Maggie W. Waung, Amy Taylor, Krista J. Qualmann, Mark J. Burish
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2020)

Genetic and environmental factors are thought to contribute to cluster headache, and cluster headache can affect multiple members of a family. A thorough understanding of its inheritance is critical to understanding the pathogenesis of this debilitating disease.To systematically review family history rates and inheritance patterns of cluster headache.A systematic review was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Search criteria were created by a librarian. Articles published between 1985 and 2016, after the publication date of a large review in 1985, were analyzed independently by 2 neurologists to identify family history rates and pedigrees. Pedigrees were analyzed by a genetic counselor.A total of 1995 studies were found (1988 through the search criteria and 7 through other means). Forty articles met inclusion criteria: 22 large cohort studies, 1 twin-based study, and 17 case reports or small case series. Across the 22 large cohort studies, the positive family history rate of cluster headache varied between 0% and 22%, with a median of 8.2%. The largest 5 studies, of 1134, 785, 693, 609, and 500 probands each, had a positive family history in 18.0% (numerator not provided), 5.1% (40 of 785 cases), 10.0% (numerator not provided), 2.0% (12 of 609 cases), and 11.2% (56 of 500 cases), respectively. No meta-analysis was performed, given differences in methodologies. Separately, 1 twin-based study examined 37 twin pairs and reported a concordance rate of 5.4% (2 pairs). Finally, 67 pedigrees were identified. Most pedigrees (46 of 67 [69%]) were consistent with an autosomal dominant pattern, but 19 of 67 (28%) were consistent with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern; 10 pedigrees of probable or atypical cluster headache were identified, and all were consistent with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. The sex ratio for cluster headache in identified pedigrees was 1.39 (103:74) in affected men and boys compared with affected women and girls, which is lower than that of the general cluster headache population.Cluster headache is an inherited disorder in a subset of families and is associated with multiple hereditary patterns. There is an unexpectedly high preponderance of women and girls with familial cluster headache; genetic subanalyses limited to female participants are necessary to further explore this observation, because these data are otherwise masked by the higher numbers of male participants with cluster headache. Overall, this systematic review supports the notion that familial cluster headache is likely the result of multiple susceptibility genes as well as environmental factors.
STAT3 Deletion after Birth Results in Marked Decreases in Absolute Numbers and Cell Cycling Status of Marrow and Spleen Myeloid Progenitor Cells, and STAT3 Is a Critical Molecule in Mediating Synergistically Stimulated Progenitor Cell Proliferation.
Authors: Hal E. Broxmeyer, Scott Cooper, Giao Hangoc, Wenjun Zhang, Akira Moh, Thomas Welte, Xin-Yuan Fu
Journal: Blood (2005)