tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Early Use of Adjunctive Therapies for Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A PARDIE Study
Authors: Courtney M. Rowan, Margaret J. Klein, Deyin Doreen Hsing, Mary K. Dahmer, Philip C. Spinella, Guillaume Emeriaud, Amanda B. Hassinger, Byron E. Piñeres-Olave, Heidi R. Flori, Bereketeab Haileselassie, Yolanda M. Lopez-Fernandez, Ranjit S. Chima, Steven L. Shein, Aline B. Maddux, Jon Lillie, Ledys Izquierdo, Martin C. J. Kneyber, Lincoln S. Smith, Robinder G. Khemani, Neal J. Thomas, Nadir Yehya
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)

Rationale: Few data exist to guide early adjunctive therapy use in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS).Objectives: To describe contemporary use of adjunctive therapies for early PARDS as a framework for future investigations.Methods: This was a preplanned substudy of a prospective, international, cross-sectional observational study of children with PARDS from 100 centers over 10 study weeks.Measurements and Main Results: We investigated six adjunctive therapies for PARDS: continuous neuromuscular blockade, corticosteroids, inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), prone positioning, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Almost half (45%) of children with PARDS received at least one therapy. Variability was noted in the median starting oxygenation index of each therapy; corticosteroids started at the lowest oxygenation index (13.0; interquartile range, 7.6-22.0) and HFOV at the highest (25.7; interquartile range, 16.7-37.3). Continuous neuromuscular blockade was the most common, used in 31%, followed by iNO (13%), corticosteroids (10%), prone positioning (10%), HFOV (9%), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (3%). Steroids, iNO, and HFOV were associated with comorbidities. Prone positioning and HFOV were more common in middle-income countries and less frequently used in North America. The use of multiple ancillary therapies increased over the first 3 days of PARDS, but there was not an easily identifiable pattern of combination or order of use.Conclusions: The contemporary description of prevalence, combinations of therapies, and oxygenation threshold for which the therapies are applied is important for design of future studies. Region of the world, income, and comorbidities influence adjunctive therapy use and are important variables to include in PARDS investigations.
Abstract P117: Implementing the Physical Activity Vital Sign in an Academic Preventive Cardiology Clinic
Authors: Margaret M McCarthy, Sean Heffron, Jason Fletcher, Adam Szerencsy, Devin Mann, Allison Vorderstrasse
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Physical activity (PA) can protect against cardiovascular disease but it is not routinely assessed in clinical settings. The current PA recommendations are 150 minutes of moderate- or 75 minutes vigorous-intensity PA/week. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to implement physical activity screening as part of the electronic kiosk check-in process in an adult preventive cardiology clinic in an academic medical center and assess factors related to patients’ self-reported PA. Methods: The physical activity vital sign (PAVS) was embedded into the Epic electronic health record and includes 3 questions about the average days, minutes and intensity (light, moderate, vigorous) of PA per week. Analysis of patient records from a recent 60-day period included descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses and logistic regression to identify sociodemographic factors associated with not meeting current PA recommendations. Results: A total of 1,322 patients checked into the clinic using a kiosk. Patients were 42% female, 71% White, 62% married, had a mean age 64±15 years, 41% worked full-time and the majority (57%) were never smokers. The three most common primary diagnoses were hyperlipidemia (n=197), coronary artery disease (n=189), and hypertension (n=127). Of those patients, 72% (n=951) completed the PAVS questions:10% reported no PA; 55% reported some PA; and 35% reported achieving at least 150 minutes moderate or 75 minutes vigorous PA/week. In bivariate analyses (at recommended PA vs. not at recommended PA), factors associated with not achieving recommended levels of PA included sex (p&lt;.001), race (p=.045), marital status (p&lt;.001), and employment (p&lt;.001). In the final logistic model, being female vs. male (OR=1.4, 95%CI: 0.99-1.8, p=.05), Black (OR=2.0, 95%CI: 1-3.7, p=.037) or ‘Other’ race (OR=1.5, 95%CI: 1-2.2, p=.04) vs. White, those reporting being partnered or in ‘other’ relationships vs. married (OR=.03, 95% CI: 0.14-0.55, p&lt;.001), and those who were retired (OR=2, 95% CI: 1.4-2.8, p&lt;.001) or unemployed (OR=2.2, 95%CI: 1.3-3.7, p=.002) vs. full-time workers were factors associated with not achieving recommended levels of PA. Conclusion: In a preventive cardiology clinic, only one-third reported achieving AHA recommended levels of PA. Our data support particular attention to PA counseling and prescription in female, Black, and retired or unemployed patients. Additionally, embedding the PAVS into a clinical electronic health system is a feasible and scalable intervention to collect data on this cardiovascular risk factor.
Abstract 14165: Effect of Aspirin on Venous Thromboembolism in Older Patients With Cancer
Authors: Pengyang Li, Ying Ning, Fangcheng Wu, Mu Li, Lingling Wu, Kristina Duan, Qi Liu
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Older patients with malignancies are at high risk of developing both venous thromboembolism (VTE) and bleeding. Aspirin, a known agent to prevent arterial thrombolism, also showed evide...
Basophil sensitivity reflects long‐term clinical outcome of subcutaneous immunotherapy in grass pollen‐allergic patients
Authors: Johannes M. Schmid, Peter A. Würtzen, Premkumar Siddhuraj, Prajakta Jogdand, Claus G. Petersen, Ronald Dahl, Jonas S. Erjefält, Hans Jürgen Hoffmann
Journal: Allergy (2020)

Abstract Background Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis is a public health problem. Allergen Immunotherapy is an effective and safe treatment, that modifies the natural course of allergic disease and induces long‐term tolerance. Objective To correlate basophil and antibody biomarkers of subcutaneous immunotherapy to clinical outcomes and cellular changes in target tissue. Methods Adults suffering from allergic rhinoconjunctivitis due to grass pollen allergy were randomized to receive subcutaneous immunotherapy (n = 18) or to an open control group (n = 6). Patients reported daily symptom and medication scores and weekly rhinitis related quality of life scores during four pollen seasons. Biomarkers were measured every 3 months for three years treatment and every 6 months in the follow‐up year. Nasal and cutaneous allergen challenge tests were performed annually. Leukocyte subsets were assessed in nasal mucosa biopsies at baseline and after treatment. Results Subcutaneous immunotherapy led to a 447‐fold decrease in basophil sensitivity during the first treatment year. This remained 100‐fold lower than baseline during the 3 year‐treatment period and 10‐fold lower during the follow‐up year (n = 18, P = .03). Decrease in basophil sensitivity after three weeks of treatment predicted long‐term improvement in seasonal combined symptom and medication scores (ῥ=−0.69, P = .0027) during three years of treatment. AUC of IgE‐blocking factor correlated to nasal allergen challenge (ῥ = 0.63, P = .0012) and SPT (ῥ = 0.45, P = .03). Plasma cell numbers in the nasal mucosa increased during treatment ( P = .02). Conclusion Decrease in basophil sensitivity after three weeks of subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy predicted the clinical outcome of this treatment.
Polymer nanomedicines based on micelle-forming amphiphilic or water-soluble polymer-doxorubicin conjugates: Comparative study of in vitro and in vivo properties related to the polymer carrier structure, composition, and hydrodynamic properties
Authors: Alena Braunová, Petr Chytil, Richard Laga, Milada Šírová, Daniela Machová, Jozef Parnica, Blanka Říhová, Olga Janoušková, Tomáš Etrych
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2020)
Tamoxifen-induced hot flashes are associated with estrogen receptor polymorphisms
Authors: V. Stearns, D. F. Hayes, L. Li, J. Robarge, T. Skaar, A. Nguyen, A. Schott, A. Storniolo, D. A. Flockhart, Y. Jin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

501 Background: Hot flashes are the most common side effect of tamoxifen. The pharmacogenetic predictors of hot flashes are not known. We hypothesized that estrogen receptor (ER) genotypes that have been associated with clinical phenotypes may predict the frequency and composite score of tamoxifen-associated hot flashes. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study in 3 academic centers to evaluate the associations between ER and hot flash composite scores in women with breast cancer during the first year of adjuvant tamoxifen treatment. Menopausal status and prior chemotherapy history were collected at baseline. Medication records and validated hot flash diaries were prospectively collected before and following 1, 4, 8 and 12 months of starting tamoxifen. ERa (ESR1) PvuII (rs2234693) and XbaI (rs9340799) genotypes were determined using a Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) assay; and ERβ (ESR2–02; rs4986938) genotype was determined using a Taqman™ assay. The haplotype of two ESR1 SNPs and their association with the baseline hot flash score were analyzed with haplo.stat function in R. Individual SNPs and their interactions in baseline hot flash score and month 4 hot flash score change were analyzed with SAS PROC GLM. Results: Of the 298 women recruited to the trial, 286 returned their baseline diaries and 251, 239, 214, and 213 women returned their diaries 1, 4, 8, and 12 months after tamoxifen treatment. At baseline, premenopausal women who were homozygous for the ESR1 CG haplotype reported higher hot flash scores (17.2±3.7) than carriers with one or less CG allele (5.2±3.9), p=0.01. After tamoxifen treatment, postmenopausal women with ESR1 PvuII CC and ESR2–02 GG genotype had the greatest increase (p=0.0004) in hot flash score (53.9±16.4) as compared with women with other genotypes (12.5±3.6). Women who were homozygous for the ESR2–02 AA allele were significantly less likely to experience tamoxifen-induced hot flashes than women with at least one G allele (OR=4.0, P=0.0006) regardless of menopausal status and chemotherapy history. CYP2D6 analysis in underway and results will be available for the meeting. Conclusions: Menopausal status, history of prior chemotherapy, and ER genotype may be used to predict who may suffer hot flashes during tamoxifen treatment. [Table: see text]
Abstract P224: Effect Of Body Mass Index On In-hospital Outcomes In Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Paul M Ndunda, Mohinder Reddy Vindhyal, Hayrettin Okut, Sinan Khayyat, Tabitha Muutu, Zaher Fanari
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: The prevalence of obesity in the US is 41.1% and is on the rise. Data are limited and results are mixed on the effect of body mass index (BMI) on outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of BMI on the in-hospital outcomes of patients undergoing TAVR. Methods: Data from the 2015 and 2016 Health Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was used. Patients who underwent TAVR were identified and in-hospital outcomes compared between patients with a normal BMI and underweight, overweight, obese, and severely obese patients. Propensity score matching was done using a greedy matching algorithm. Results: A total of 2,618 patients were included in this study. The rate of in-hospital mortality was highest in underweight patients (2.94%) and lowest in overweight (0.49%) patients. It was 2.13% in normal weight, 1.23% in obese and 1.97% in severely obese patients. There was no statistically significant difference in in-hospital mortality between overweight and underweight (0.49% vs. 2.94% p=0.056) overweight and normal BMI (0.49% vs. 2.13% p=0.16), overweight and obese (0.49% vs. 1.23% p=0.35) and overweight and severely obese (0.49% vs. 1.97% p=0.14). Compared with overweight patients, underweight (5.6 vs. 7.0 days p=0.07 ) and normal patients (5.6 vs. 7.5 days p=0.03) had the highest mean length of hospital stay (LOS). There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients discharged home among all BMI categories (p=0.23). Conclusions: There was no significant difference among the BMI categories for in-hospital mortality and the proportion of patients discharged home. Overweight patients had a shorter LOS compared with underweight and normal BMI patients.
Abstract 14: Cardiac Biomarkers are Associated With Findings on Brain MRI in Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: Andreea M Rawlings, Christie M Ballantyne, Rebecca F Gottesman, Ron C Hoogeveen, Timothy M Hughes, Clifford R Jack, David Knopman, John W McEvoy, Thomas Mosley, Andrea L Schneider, A Richey Sharrett, Elizabeth Selvin
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Cerebrovascular disease is often the consequence of cardiac disease. Our aim was to examine associations of biomarkers of cardiovascular disease, high sensitivity troponin T (hs-cTnT), NT-proBNP, and galectin-3, with cerebrovascular signs: lacunar infarcts, lobar and subcortical microhemorrhages, cortical infarcts, and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume. We also examined total cortical and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) signature region volumes. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 1748 ARIC participants from the 2011-2013 exam who had biomarker measurements, completed a brain MRI, and did not have a clinical history of stroke. We used linear regression to model brain volumes, modeled as Z scores, and logistic regression for all other outcomes; biomarkers were log transformed. We repeated analyses excluding persons with coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure. Results: The mean age of participants was 76, 62% were female, and 21% were Black. All biomarkers were associated with total cortical volume. Each standard deviation increase in log hs-cTnT was associated with lower total cortical volume (adjusted beta = -0.08, 95% CI: -0.12, -0.05); results for the other biomarkers were similar (Figure). All biomarkers were associated with lobar microhemorrhages. Hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP were associated with WMH volume, but galectin-3 was not. No biomarker was associated with subcortical microhemorrhages or cortical infarcts. Results were similar in persons without coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, or heart failure (conditions associated with cerebral thromboembolism). Conclusions: In persons free of clinical cardiovascular disease, biomarkers of cardiac stretch, strain, and fibrosis were associated cerebral small vessel disease and reduced cortical volume, but not in a specific pattern suggestive of AD pathogenesis. This suggests subclinical vascular insults affect brain structure through mixed pathogenic processes.
Abstract P532: The Italian Pilot of the Health Literacy Survey 2019 in the Cuore Project for the Who Action Network on Measuring Population and Organizational Health Literacy (m-pohl)
Authors: Luigi Palmieri, Chiara Cadeddu, Aldo Rosano, Chiara Donfrancesco, Roberto D Elia, Valeria Mastrilli, Paola De Castro, Cinzia Lo Noce, Anna Acampora, Simona Giampaoli, DANIELA GALEONE
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Health Literacy-HL is an important determinant to improve and maintain health and quality of life during life course. HL implies people’s knowledge, motivation, competencies to access, understand, appraise, apply information to make judgements and decisions in everyday life concerning healthcare, disease prevention, health promotion. Thanks to the funds of the Italian Center for Diseases Control and Prevention-CCM of the Ministry of Health, Italy joined the WHO Action Network on Measuring Population and Organizational Health Literacy-M-POHL for collecting comparable data on HL in order to measure and promote citizens’ HL among MS. Objective: A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the M-PHOL international questionnaire HLS-EU using the Italian version of the short form (HLS-EU-Q16 items), during the CUORE Project-Health Examination Survey 2018-2019. Methods: One hundred people aged 35-74 years, resident in the South of Italy, were face-to-face interviewed following consecutive access to the HES. The 4 Likert-type responses were grouped in 2 classes: 0 (zero) for fairly difficult/very difficult and 1 for fairly easy/very easy. According to the HLS-EU-Q16 sum score (range: 0–16), three levels of HL were defined: ‘Inadequate’ (0–8), ‘Problematic’ (9–12), ‘Sufficient’ (13–16). HL mean score and standard deviation-SD were elaborated together with prevalence of the three HL levels. Socio-demographics conditions, lifestyles, risk factors were measured during the HES. Means and prevalence were age and gender standardised using the European standard population. Results: Ninety-eight persons completed the questionnaire (47 men, 51 women); HL mean score was 13.1 (SD=3.2) with no sex difference; prevalence of persons with ‘Inadequate’ HL was 11.2%, ‘Problematic’ 26.5%, ‘Sufficient’ 62.3%. For persons with the highest educational level (Tertiary) the highest prevalence was in the ‘Sufficient’ HL (20.5%); in the same HL category, only 3.4% was the prevalence of those with the lowest educational level (Primary). Hypertension was lower in the ‘Sufficient’ HL category (37.9% vs. 45.1% in the ‘Inadequate’ HL). Smoking habit decreased with increasing HL level (21.3%, 19.0%, 5.4% in the three HL categories, respectively). Conclusion: More than one third of interviewed adult population had ‘Inadequate’/’Problematic’ HL. Preliminary results from the Italian pilot of the HLS-EU-Q16 within the HES of the CUORE Project suggest that the survey is an important opportunity for the possibility of linking HL data with HES measured data. A national survey on HL will be implemented in the Italian general population in the framework of the M-POHL network.
Assessing Outcomes of Patients Treated With Re-Irradiation Utilizing Proton Pencil-Beam Scanning for Primary or Recurrent Malignancies of the Esophagus and Gastroesophageal Junction
Authors: Cristina M. DeCesaris, Rachel McCarroll, Mark V. Mishra, Erica Glass, Bruce D. Greenwald, Shamus Carr, Whitney Burrows, Ranee Mehra, William F. Regine, Charles B. Simone, J. Isabelle Choi, Jason K. Molitoris
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2020)
Correlation between anemia before treatment with survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: S. R. Bella, M. E. Richardet, P. Gomez Storniolo, P. Celiz, A. Lingua, B. Mascheroni, A. Mangeaud, E. A. Richardet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

18211 Background: Prognostic factors identified in advanced non small cell lung cancer are: age, gender, PS, h. SWOG univariable analysis in patients with chemotheraphy; confirmed these factors and show a relationship between the hemoglobin level and the overall survival; in addition the metastasic site number and cisplatin- based chemotheraphy (7). To analyse and compare the hemoglobin level before cisplatin- based chemotheraphy with survival in patients with advanced non- small cell lung cancer. Methods: Retrospective study conducted at the IONC of the 179 clinical record were analized, over a 5 year period. The collected data were: age, gender, PS, histologic type, stage, chemotheraphy cycles number, smooke history, number and metastasic site. We analyzed median and overal survival using Kaplan Meier, and the anemia as a prognostic implication factor with univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis. Istologic type and TNM (1–6). Results: The mean age was 59 (40–79); 146 (81.5%) male and 33 (18.5%) women; histological types found were squamous cell carcinomas in 66 (37%), and adenocarcinoma in 113 (63%); stage IIIB in 61 (34%) and IV in 118 (66%). 147 (82%) were smokers and 32 (18%) were never smokers. All the patients had PS 0–1. Median overall survival time was 11.53 months and 13.88 months in the haemoglobin level &lt; or &gt; 11 gr/ 100 ml, respectively. (p=0.3). In univariable Cox regression analysis, smoking rates and chemotheraphy cycles number were predictors of survival (p=0.05 y p=0.018, respectively). Hemoglobine (p=0.55). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, only the number of cycles was predictor of survival (p=0.026). Hemoglobine (p=0.34). Conclusions: In our experience, a greater survival tendency was observed in patients with advanced non- small cell lung cancer who presented levels of Hemoglobine greater than 11 gr/dl, previous to cisplatin- based chemotherapy without statistical significance. [Table: see text]
An active recursive state estimation framework for brain-interfaced typing systems
Authors: Aziz Koçanaoğulları, Yeganeh M. Marghi, Murat Akçakaya, Deniz Erdoğmuş
Journal: Brain-Computer Interfaces (2019)

Typing systems driven by noninvasive electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) can help people with severe communication disorders (including locked-in state) communicate. These systems mainly suffer from lack of sufficient accuracy and speed due to inefficient querying to surpass a hard pre-defined threshold. We introduce a novel recursive state estimation framework for BCI-based typing systems using active querying and stopping. Previously, we proposed a history-based objective called Momentum which is a function of posterior changes across sequences. In this paper, we first extend the definition of the Momentum, propose a unified framework that employs this extended Momentum objective both for querying and stopping. To provide a practical example, we employ a language-model-assisted EEG-based BCI typing system called RSVP Keyboard. Our results show that proposed framework on average improves the information transfer rate (ITR) and accuracy at least 52% and 8.7%, respectively, when compared to alternative approaches (random or mutual information).
Inflammatory, hypoglycemic and antioxidant effect of Azadirachta Indica infusion on obesity rats induced by hypercaloric diet
Authors: Christian M. Rodríguez-Razón, Teresa A. García-Cobián, Abdel K. Raffoul-Orozco, Ana E. Ávila-González, Vicente Ramos Santillán, Yesica Sughey González-Torres, Maritza Roxana Garcia-Garcia, Trinidad García-Iglesias
Journal: Metabolism (2020)