tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTH-003 QIP: improving quality of photodocumentation and lesion reporting in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Ahmir Ahmad, Juliet Bottle, Anthony Laverty, Sam Murray, Iain Ewing
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The gold standard investigation for upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms is oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (OGD). The British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) released a position statement of quality standards in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in August 2017, including the recommendation to photodocument 8 anatomical sites in the upper GI tract to optimise mucosal inspection and lesion recognition. We aimed to assess and improve the quality of OGD photodocumentation and lesion recognition in line with this recommendation. <h3>Methods</h3> 184 OGD reports were audited from three one-week audit cycles. Cycle 1: immediately following guideline release and prior to intervention; cycle 2: immediately following intervention (departmental teaching and poster display of recommended photos in endoscopy procedure rooms); cycle 3: 2 weeks after intervention. Total number of photos taken per procedure, number of anatomical sites photodocumented, and number of lesions detected were recorded. <h3>Results</h3> From cycle 1 (pre-intervention) to cycle 2 (post-intervention) the mean number of photos per OGD increased from 5.3 to 8.6 respectively (p=0.095) and mean number of anatomical sites documented increased from 3.8 (47%) to 6.9 (86%) (p&lt;0.001). The mean number of lesions documented per OGD increased from 0.5 to 1.2 (p=0.230). Improvement in practice was sustained through audit cycle 3 (2 weeks after intervention): mean photos 8.5, mean required sites documented 7.4 (92%) and 0.7 diagnoses per OGD. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Immediately following release of BSG quality standards in upper GI endoscopy, departmental adherence to recommendations for photodocumentation was poor. A simple intervention of departmental teaching and poster displays resulted in a significant improvement in the quality of photodocumentation and a trend towards improvement in detection of lesions. Improvement in quality was sustained at re-audit.
Serum levels of leptin and proinflammatory cytokinesin advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: E. Topuz, F. Tas, A. Argon, D. D. Yildiz, H. Oguz, V. Yasasever, Y. Eralp, A. Aydiner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

2594 Systemic treatments for nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are still relatively ineffective. Therefore, there is an intense interest to understand the molecular and cellular processes involved in NSCLC to optimize the treatment. The significance of immune surveillance in the control of tumor growth has still not been sufficiently studied. We investigated the IL-6, TNFα, CRP, and leptin levels both in 28 new patients with advanced stage NSCLC before and after chemotherapy and 15 healthy controls and sought the factors predictive of shorter survival. All patients were treated with cisplatin plus vinorelbine. Blood samples were obtained in fasting before chemotherapy firstly and after two cycles. Most of the patients had good performance status and less than 5% weight loss. We showed higher TNF-α (p<0.004) and CRP (p<0.001), and lower leptin (p=0.021) levels in patients than in controls. Serum IL-6 cytokine (p=0.693) levels were not significantly different from controls. No significant relationships were found between investigated serum parameters and patient characteristics. Likewise, serum levels of leptin, IL-6, TNF, and CRP were all similar in lung cancer patients independly from severity of weight loss (p>0.05). However, we found a direct relationship between serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels (r= 0.530, p=0.004). When we analyzed the effect of chemotherapy on serum parameters, we found that both leptin (p=0.046) and IL-6 (p=0.002) levels were decreased due to chemotherapy effect regardless of chemotherapy response. However, serum TNF-α and CRP levels were not changed by chemotherapy effect. The median survival of all patient groups was 41.4 weeks, range 1.1 to 83.7 weeks. The stage of the disease, serum LDH levels, performance status and responsiveness to chemotherapy yielded prognostic value. Regarding parameters we assessed, only IL-6 showed a trend (p=0.06) related to worse prognosis. Conclusion: Our study shows that chemotherapy attenuates the tumour-related metabolic derangements (reduction in IL-6 and leptin) and no effect on acute-phase response(no change in CRP and TNF-α).We also found that serum proinflammatory cytokines have little or no prognostic significance in patients with NSCLC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Wang et al. reply
Authors: Pi-Xiao Wang, Guang-Nian Zhao, Yan-Xiao Ji, Peng Zhang, Xiao-Jing Zhang, Jun Gong, Ling-Ping Zhao, Zhen-Zhen Yan, Miao Yin, Zhou Jiang, Li-Jun Shen, Xia Yang, Jing Fang, Song Tian, Jingjing Tong, Yutao Wang, Xue-Yong Zhu, Xin Zhang, Qiao-Fang Wei, Yong Wang, Qingguo Xie, Jing Li, Lu Wan, Zhi-Gang She, Zhihua Wang, Zan Huang, Hongliang Li
Journal: Nature Medicine (2018)
Is three years duration of adjuvant imatinib mesylate treatment sufficient for patients with high-risk gastrointestinal stromal tumor? A study based on long-term follow-up.
Authors: JianXian Lin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

130 Background: The therapy for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) has changed significantly since the use of Imatinib Mesylate (IM). However, the appropriate duration of receiving adjuvant IM for patients with high-risk GIST who underwent R0 resection is still controversial. Methods: From Jan. 2005 to Dec. 2014, 234 patients who underwent R0 resection and were treated with adjuvant IM were identified from a database. The effect of the medication duration on the long-term outcomes was analyzed. Results: In this study, the 5 year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate in the whole groups were 76.2% and 83.4%, respectively. The patient's prognosis was improved due to the prolongation of the time of receiving the Imatinib treatment (P &lt; 0.05). According to the risk stratification analysis, the survival of the moderate-risk patients who received IM adjuvant therapy for 1 year, 1-3 years and more than 3 years showed improved, but the difference was not statistically significant (P &gt; 0.05). However, in the high-risk patients, the RFS rates of the 1 year group, 1-3 years group, 3-5 years group and more than 5 years group were 36.5%, 68.7%, 71.2% and 90.8%, respectively, and the OS rates were 36.7%,76.6%, 84.0% and 97.4%, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). Additionally, linear regression analysis showed that the long-term outcomes of patients with high-risk GIST significantly improved due to prolonged adjuvant IM treatment durations (P &lt; 0.05). The RFS rate of patients receiving IM more than 5 years was significantly better than those receiving it for less than 5 years. Multivariate analysis in the patients with high-risk GIST showed that tumor located in small intestine was an independent risk factor, while receiving IM treatment was an independent protective factor for prognosis. Conclusions: The long-term outcomes of patients with high risk GIST improved due to the prolongation of the IM treatment. To reduce the recurrence and improve the long-term survival, we suggest that patients with high-risk GIST receive Imatinib treatment for at least 5 years.
Stephen M Schwartz: professor of pathology, vascular researcher, and scientific provocateur
Authors: Penny Warren
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Photo credit: University of Washington

When Stephen Schwartz began his long career at the University of Washington in Seattle in the US, blood vessels were thought to be little more than plumbing. As his colleague Charles Murry said, “When Steve started in the 1960s and 1970s, vascular biology wasn’t a ‘thing’.”

But Schwartz was fascinated by their pathology. Described by colleagues as a brilliant maverick, he became pre-eminent in vascular biology, revealing insights into smooth muscle cells and the structure of blood vessels that would underpin treatment of atherosclerosis, cancer, and other disorders. A professor of pathology at the University of Washington for over 30 years, his exacting and unconventional teaching methods produced a list of trainees that reads like a who’s who of vascular biology.

Schwartz was born in Boston on New Year’s Day in 1942, to a Jewish family. His father was one of the first doctors to bring aid to concentration camp victims at the end of the second world war. Both Schwartz and his father were strong minded and had their disagreements, …
Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young 5
Authors: Karin van der Tuin, Sabine E Hannema, E C A M Mieke Houdijk, Monique Losekoot, Eelco J P de Koning, Martijn H Breuning
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is the most common type of monogenic diabetes mellitus, estimated to account for approximately 1-4% of patients with diabetes. The predicted prevalence is, therefore, 20,000 patients in The Netherlands. Unfortunately less than 5% of these patients are confirmed by molecular genetic analysis. MODY is a clinically heterogeneous group of disorders caused by β-cell dysfunction, which is caused by mutations in multiple genes. MODY is characterized by an early onset of diabetes (often before the age of 30 years) and autosomal dominant inheritance. Patients do not usually require insulin at diagnosis. To emphasize the importance of genetic analysis we describe a 7-year-old boy and his siblings with MODY type 2. Molecular genetic testing is essential for individual patient care, as treatment options differ between the various forms of MODY; it also provides an opportunity to screen relatives.
A human lung tumor microenvironment interactome identifies clinically relevant cell-type cross-talk
Authors: Andrew J. Gentles, Angela Bik-Yu Hui, Weiguo Feng, Armon Azizi, Ramesh V. Nair, Gina Bouchard, David A. Knowles, Alice Yu, Youngtae Jeong, Alborz Bejnood, Erna Forgó, Sushama Varma, Yue Xu, Amanda Kuong, Viswam S. Nair, Rob West, Matt van de Rijn, Chuong D. Hoang, Maximilian Diehn, Sylvia K. Plevritis
Journal: Genome biology (2020)

Abstract Background Tumors comprise a complex microenvironment of interacting malignant and stromal cell types. Much of our understanding of the tumor microenvironment comes from in vitro studies isolating the interactions between malignant cells and a single stromal cell type, often along a single pathway. Result To develop a deeper understanding of the interactions between cells within human lung tumors, we perform RNA-seq profiling of flow-sorted malignant cells, endothelial cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, and bulk cells from freshly resected human primary non-small-cell lung tumors. We map the cell-specific differential expression of prognostically associated secreted factors and cell surface genes, and computationally reconstruct cross-talk between these cell types to generate a novel resource called the Lung Tumor Microenvironment Interactome (LTMI). Using this resource, we identify and validate a prognostically unfavorable influence of Gremlin-1 production by fibroblasts on proliferation of malignant lung adenocarcinoma cells. We also find a prognostically favorable association between infiltration of mast cells and less aggressive tumor cell behavior. Conclusion These results illustrate the utility of the LTMI as a resource for generating hypotheses concerning tumor-microenvironment interactions that may have prognostic and therapeutic relevance.
Bioengineered Hybrid Collagen Scaffold Tethered with Silver‐Catechin Nanocomposite Modulates Angiogenesis and TGF‐<i>β</i> Toward Scarless Healing in Chronic Deep Second Degree Infected Burns
Authors: Cheirmadurai Kalirajan, Thanikaivelan Palanisamy
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Management of burn wounds with diabetes and microbial infection is challenging in tissue engineering. The delayed wound healing further leads to scar formation in severe burn injury. Herein, a silver‐catechin nanocomposite tethered collagen scaffold with angiogenic and antibacterial properties is developed to enable scarless healing in chronic wounds infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa under diabetic conditions. Histological observations of the granulation tissues collected from an experimental rat model show characteristic structural organizations similar to normal skin, whereas the open wound and pristine collagen scaffold treated animals display elevated dermis with thick epidermal layer and lack of appendages. Epidermal thickness of the hybrid scaffold treated diabetic animals is lowered to 33 ± 2 µm compared to 90 ± 2 µm for pristine collagen scaffold treated groups. Further, the scar elevation index of 1.3 ± 0.1 estimated for the bioengineered scaffold treated diabetic animals is closer to the normal skin. Immunohistochemical analyses provide compelling evidence for the enhanced angiogenesis as well as downregulated transforming growth factor‐ β 1 (TGF‐ β 1) and upregulated TGF‐ β 3 expressions in the hybrid scaffold treated animal groups. The insights from this study endorse the bioengineered collagen scaffolds for applications in tissue regeneration without scar in chronic burn wounds.
Glutathione‐Depleting Nanoenzyme and Glucose Oxidase Combination for Hypoxia Modulation and Radiotherapy Enhancement
Authors: Meng Lyu, Daoming Zhu, Xiangyue Kong, Yang Yang, Shuaijie Ding, Yunfeng Zhou, Hong Quan, Yanhong Duo, Zhirong Bao
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Nanoenzymes perceive the properties of enzyme‐like catalytic activity, thereby offering significant cancer therapy potential. In this study, Fe 3 O 4 @MnO 2 , a magnetic field (MF) targeting nanoenzyme with a core‐shell structure, is synthesized and applied to radiation enhancement with using glucose oxidase (GOX) for combination therapy. The glucose is oxidized by the GOX to produce excess H 2 O 2 in an acidic extracellular microenvironment, following which the MnO 2 shell reacts with H 2 O 2 to generate O 2 and overcome hypoxia. Concurrently, intracellular glutathione (GSH)—which limits the effects of radiotherapy (RT)—can be oxidized by the MnO 2 shell while the latter is reduced to Mn 2+ for T 1 ‐weighed MRI. The core Fe 3 O 4 , with its good magnetic targeting ability, can be utilized for T 2 ‐weighed MRI. In summary, the work demonstrates that Fe 3 O 4 @MnO 2 , as a dual T 1 ‐ and T 2 ‐weighed MRI contrast agent with strong biocompatibility, exhibits striking potential for radiation enhancement under magnetic targeting.
The consequences of the <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 pandemic for self‐care in patients supported with a left ventricular assist device
Authors: Tuvia Ben Gal, Binyamin Ben Avraham, Miriam Abu‐Hazira, Maria Frigerio, Maria G. Crespo‐Leiro, Anne Marie Oppelaar, Naoko P. Kato, Anna Stromberg, Tiny Jaarsma
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2020)
Abstract 14369: The Influence of Scaffold Degradation Velocity on Quality of In-Situ Tissue Engineered Vascular Grafts. A Combined Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Histological Study
Authors: M. Uiterwijk, B. F Coolen, S. Bofarid, J. Azzahhafi, H. M Janssen, S. H Söntjens, W. Szymczyk, A. C van der Wal, P. Y Dankers, C. V Bouten, G. J Strijkers, J. Kluin
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: In-situ tissue engineering (TE) aims to use cell-free scaffolds that can instruct host cell to regenerate neo-tissue. Successful in-situ TE depends on a delicate balance in the degrad...
Biomedical Research in Times of Emergency: Lessons From History
Authors: Deborah Doroshow, Scott Podolsky, Justin Barr
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has sickened millions, killed hundreds of thousands, and utterly disrupted the daily lives of billions of people around the world. In an effort to ameliorate this devastation, the biomedical research complex has allocated billions of dollars and scientists have initiated hundreds of clinical trials in an expedited effort to understand, prevent, and treat this disease. National emergencies can stimulate significant investment of financial, physical, and intellectual resources that catalyze impressive scientific accomplishments, as evident with the Manhattan Project, penicillin, and the polio vaccines in the 20th century. However, pressurized research has also led to false promises, disastrous consequences, and breaches in ethics. Antiserum in the 1918 flu epidemic, contaminated yellow fever vaccines in World War II, and unethical human experimentation with mustard gas offer just a few cautionary exemplars. It is critical to continue biomedical research efforts to address this pandemic, and it is appropriate that they receive priority in both attention and funding. But history also demonstrates the importance of treating early results-such as those associated with hydroxychloroquine-with caution as we only begin to understand the biology, epidemiology, and potential target points of COVID-19.
Early Detection of Covid-19 through a Citywide Pandemic Surveillance Platform
Authors: Helen Y Chu, Janet A Englund, Lea M Starita, Michael Famulare, Elisabeth Brandstetter, Deborah A Nickerson, Mark J Rieder, Amanda Adler, Kirsten Lacombe, Ashley E Kim, Chelsey Graham, Jennifer Logue, Caitlin R Wolf, Jessica Heimonen, Denise J McCulloch, Peter D Han, Thomas R Sibley, Jover Lee, Misja Ilcisin, Kairsten Fay, Roy Burstein, Beth Martin, Christina M Lockwood, Matthew Thompson, Barry Lutz, Michael Jackson, James P Hughes, Michael Boeckh, Jay Shendure, Trevor Bedford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Detection of Covid-19 through a Citywide Surveillance Platform The Seattle Flu study, initiated in 2018, mailed kits for home collection of midnasal swabs to people reporting respiratory symptoms. ...
Epigenome-wide association study of DNA methylation and adult asthma in the Agricultural Lung Health Study
Authors: Thanh T. Hoang, Sinjini Sikdar, Cheng-Jian Xu, Mi Kyeong Lee, Jonathan Cardwell, Erick Forno, Medea Imboden, Ayoung Jeong, Anne-Marie Madore, Cancan Qi, Tianyuan Wang, Brian D. Bennett, James M. Ward, Christine G. Parks, Laura E. Beane-Freeman, Debra King, Alison Motsinger-Reif, David M. Umbach, Annah B. Wyss, David A. Schwartz, Juan C. Celedón, Catherine Laprise, Carole Ober, Nicole Probst-Hensch, Ivana V. Yang, Gerard H. Koppelman, Stephanie J. London
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Epigenome-wide studies of methylation in children support a role for epigenetic mechanisms in asthma; however, studies in adults are rare and few have examined non-atopic asthma. We conducted the largest epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of blood DNA methylation in adults in relation to non-atopic and atopic asthma. We measured DNA methylation in blood using the Illumina MethylationEPIC array among 2286 participants in a case-control study of current adult asthma nested within a United States agricultural cohort. Atopy was defined by serum specific immunoglobulin E (IgE). Participants were categorised as atopy without asthma (n=185), non-atopic asthma (n=673), atopic asthma (n=271), or a reference group of neither atopy nor asthma (n=1157). Analyses were conducted using logistic regression. No associations were observed with atopy without asthma. Numerous cytosine–phosphate–guanine (CpG) sites were differentially methylated in non-atopic asthma (eight at family-wise error rate (FWER) p&lt;9×10 −8 , 524 at false discovery rate (FDR) less than 0.05) and implicated 382 novel genes. More CpG sites were identified in atopic asthma (181 at FWER, 1086 at FDR) and implicated 569 novel genes. 104 FDR CpG sites overlapped. 35% of CpG sites in non-atopic asthma and 91% in atopic asthma replicated in studies of whole blood, eosinophils, airway epithelium, or nasal epithelium. Implicated genes were enriched in pathways related to the nervous system or inflammation. We identified numerous, distinct differentially methylated CpG sites in non-atopic and atopic asthma. Many CpG sites from blood replicated in asthma-relevant tissues. These circulating biomarkers reflect risk and sequelae of disease, as well as implicate novel genes associated with non-atopic and atopic asthma.
Author Correction: Cdkn1a deletion improves stem cell function and lifespan of mice with dysfunctional telomeres without accelerating cancer formation
Authors: Aaheli Roy Choudhury, Zhenyu Ju, Meta W. Djojosubroto, Andrea Schienke, Andre Lechel, Sonja Schaetzlein, Hong Jiang, Anna Stepczynska, Chunfang Wang, Jan Buer, Han-Woong Lee, Thomas von Zglinicki, Arnold Ganser, Peter Schirmacher, Hiromitsu Nakauchi, K. Lenhard Rudolph
Journal: Nature Genetics (2020)
Abstract 15866: Beyond Apple 4 Watch and Af - Is Artificial Intelligence Ready to Take on ST Elevation Mi Diagnosis?
Authors: Sameer Mehta, Sebastian Niklitschek, Francisco Fernandez, Carlos Villagran, Felipe Vera, Mariana Ceschim, Gladys Pinto, Rodrigo Jacobucci, Lorena Pisana, Samantha Quintero, Genesis Del Nogal, Maritza Luna, Lilly Prieto, Benjamin Wood, Akhil Vaid
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Detecting rhythm abnormalities related to RR variability on an ECG has been accomplished with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the technology is available on wearable sensor devices. ...
Cellular immune responses in patients with dual infection of hepatitis B and C viruses: Dominant role of hepatitis C virus*1
Authors: S TSAI
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Several lines of evidence have suggested that immune mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus (HBV)- and hepatitis C virus (HCV) -related hepatitis. Study of patients with dual HBV and HCV infection raises the question of which is etiologically more relevant in determining the liver cell damage. To address this issue, proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in response to a panel of HBV and HCV antigens was assayed in 13 patients with chronic dual hepatitis B and C, 7 patients with chronic hepatitis B, 7 patients with chronic hepatitis C, and 6 patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier state. Although HBV or HCV hepatitis patients had a significant response to HBV or HCV antigens, respectively, the patients with dual hepatitis B and C exclusively responded to HCV antigens, but not to HBV antigens. One patient who was seropositive for both HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA showed a low response to HBV antigens initially but lost the response 3 months later and became responsive to more HCV antigens. These findings suggest that HCV has a dominant role in the immune response of the patients with dual HBV and HCV infection.
Colonoscopic surveillance of patients with a family history of colon cancer and a history of normal colonoscopy: is a five-year interval between colonoscopies appropriate?1 1The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and should not be construed to represent in any way those of the Department of Defense, the Department of the Army, or the Department of the Navy.
Authors: Philip S Schoenfeld, Roger Keith Fincher
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2003)