tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Three infection clusters related with potential pre-symptomatic transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Shanghai, China, January to February 2020
Authors: Xiaohuan Gong, Wenjia Xiao, Yan Cui, Yuanping Wang, Dechuan Kong, Shenghua Mao, Yaxu Zheng, Lunhui Xiang, Lu Lu, Chenyan Jiang, Xiao Yu, Yiyi Zhu, Qiwen Fang, Hao Pan, Huanyu Wu
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

We report three clusters related with potential pre-symptomatic transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) between January and February 2020 in Shanghai, China. Investigators interviewed suspected COVID-19 cases to collect epidemiological information, including demographic characteristics, illness onset, hospital visits, close contacts, activities' trajectories between 14 days before illness onset and isolation, and exposure histories. Respiratory specimens of suspected cases were collected and tested for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay. The interval between the onset of illness in the primary case and the last contact of the secondary case with the primary case in our report was 1 to 7 days. In Cluster 1 (five cases), illness onset in the five secondary cases was 2 to 5 days after the last contact with the primary case. In Cluster 2 (five cases) and Cluster 3 (four cases), the illness onset in secondary cases occurred prior to or on the same day as the onset in the primary cases. The study provides empirical evidence for transmission of COVID-19 during the incubation period and indicates that pre-symptomatic person-to-person transmission can occur following sufficient exposure to confirmed COVID-19 cases. The potential pre-symptomatic person-to-person transmission puts forward higher requirements for prevention and control measures.
Dose escalation phase 1 study of radiotherapy in combination with anti-cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 monoclonal antibody ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma
Authors: Celine Boutros, Nathalie Chaput-Gras, Emilie Lanoy, Alicia Larive, Christine Mateus, Emilie Routier, Roger Sun, Yun Gan Tao, Christophe Massard, Rastilav Bahleda, Dominique Schwob, Nathalie Ibrahim, Rita Maria Khoury Abboud, Caroline Caramella, Andrea Lancia, Lydie Cassard, Severine Roy, J -C Soria, Caroline Robert, Eric Deutsch
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Background A synergy between radiotherapy and anti-cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (anti-CTLA-4) monoclonal antibody has been demonstrated preclinically. The Mel-Ipi-Rx phase 1 study aimed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and safety profile of radiotherapy combined with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. Patients and methods A 3+3 dose escalation design was used with 9, 15, 18 and 24 Gy dose of radiotherapy at week 4 combined with 10 mg/kg ipilimumab every 3 weeks for four doses. Patients with evidence of clinical benefit at week 12 were eligible for maintenance with ipilimumab 10 mg/kg every 12 weeks starting at week 24 until severe toxicity or disease progression. The database lock occurred on April 30, 2019. Tumor growth rate of irradiated lesions and non-irradiated lesions were analyzed to assess the systemic immunologic antitumor response. Blood immune monitoring was performed before and during treatment to determine if radiotherapy could modify ipilimumab pharmacodynamics. Results 19 patients received ipilimumab between August 2011 and July 2015. Nine patients received the four doses of ipilimumab. All patients received the combined radiotherapy. Grade 3 adverse events occurred in nine patients, the most common being colitis and hepatitis. No drug-related death occurred. Dose limiting toxicity occurred in two of six patients in the cohort receiving 15 Gy. The MTD was 9 Gy. Two patients had complete response, three had partial response response and seven had stable disease, giving an objective response rate of 31% and a clinical benefit rate of 75% at week 24. The median duration of follow-up was 5.8 years (Q1=4.5; Q3=6.8). The median overall survival (95% CI) was estimated at 0.9 years (0.5–2). The median progression-free survival (PFS) (95% CI) was 0.4 (0.2–1.4). Radiotherapy combined with ipilimumab was associated with increased CD4+ and CD8+ICOS+ T cells. Increased CD8+ was significantly associated with PFS. Conclusion When combined with ipilimumab at 10 mg/kg, the MTD of radiotherapy was 9 Gy. This combination of ipilimumab and radiotherapy appears to be associated with antitumor activity. Increased CD8+ was significantly associated with PFS. Thus, immune biomarkers may be useful for early response evaluation. Trial registration number NCT01557114 .
Comprehensive Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Diastolic Dysfunction Grading Shows Very Good Agreement Compared With Echocardiography
Authors: João G Ramos, Alexander Fyrdahl, Björn Wieslander, Simon Thalén, Gert Reiter, Ursula Reiter, Ning Jin, Eva Maret, Maria Eriksson, Kenneth Caidahl, Peder Sörensson, Andreas Sigfridsson, Martin Ugander
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2020)
Response to: ‘High dosage of Methylprednisolone as a rescue, second-line treatment in COVID-19 patients who failed to respond to Tocilizumab’ by Conticini<i>et al</i>
Authors: Sofia Ramiro, Rémy Mostard, Robert BM Landewé
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Conticini et al share with us their positive experience with immunosuppressive treatment in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia.1 From the description we infer that the described patients suffered from COVID-19-associated cytokine storm syndrome (CSS). We would like to thank our colleagues for sharing their experience which aligns with ours2 and for their insightful comments.

In our COVID-19 High-intensity Immunosuppression in Cytokine storm syndrome (CHIC) study we have used an immunosuppressive strategy composed by glucocorticoids in first-line treatment, followed, in case of insufficient response, by tocilizumab. Conticini et al have in turn used glucocorticoids in patients with insufficient …
In vitro and in vivo antitubercular activity of benzothiazinone-loaded human serum albumin nanocarriers designed for inhalation
Authors: Ayasha Patel, Natalja Redinger, Adrian Richter, Arcadia Woods, Paul Robert Neumann, Gemma Keegan, Nick Childerhouse, Peter Imming, Ulrich E. Schaible, Ben Forbes, Lea Ann Dailey
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2020)
Abstract 11437: Cooking Methods for Red Meat and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in U.S. Women
Authors: Gang Liu, Geng Zong, Frank B Hu, Walter Willett, David M Eisenberg, Qi Sun
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: Red meat intake is an established risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), although the role of cooking methods in the associations of red meat intake with T2D is largely unknown. This study aimed to examine red meat cooking methods in relation to risk of T2D among U.S. women who were regular meat-consumers (≥2 servings of red meat intake per week). Methods: We prospectively followed 59,032 women in the Nurses’ Health Study through 2012, who were free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer at baseline in 1986. Diet was assessed by validated food-frequency questionnaires. Weekly frequency of cooking methods for red meat, including roasting, broiling, barbequing, pan-frying, and stewing or boiling, were collected at baseline. Results: During 1.24 million person-years of follow-up, we documented 6,205 incident T2D cases. After multivariate adjustment for demographics, lifestyle factors, and cooking methods, comparing extreme quintiles, the HR (95% CI) of T2D was 1.18 (1.07, 1.30) for total red meat intake and 1.31 (1.20, 1.43) for processed red meat intake (both P trend&lt;0.001). Higher frequency of broiling and barbequing for red meat were associated with greater weight gain over 8 years (all P &lt;0.05). After multivariate adjustment including total red meat intake, and comparing with cooking red meat &lt;1 time/month, participants cooking red meat ≥ 2 times/week had an HR (95% CI) of T2D that was 1.28 (1.18, 1.39) for broiling ( P trend&lt;0.001), 1.22 (1.10, 1.36) for barbequing ( P trend&lt;0.001), 1.10 (1.00, 1.22) for roasting ( P trend=0.17), 0.84 (0.76, 0.93) for pan-frying ( P trend=0.01), and 0.97 (0.85, 1.09) for stewing or boiling ( P trend=0.97). When cooking methods were further mutually adjusted, the results remained similar. Conclusion: These findings suggested that, beyond the risk of red meat intake, high-temperature open-flame cooking methods for red meat, especially broiling and barbequing, are independently associated with a higher risk of T2D.
Morbidity and Mortality of Laparoscopic vs Open Total Gastrectomy for Clinical Stage I Gastric Cancer
Authors: Fenglin Liu, Changming Huang, Zekuan Xu, Xiangqian Su, Gang Zhao, Jianxin Ye, Xiaohui Du, Hua Huang, Jiankun Hu, Guoxin Li, Peiwu Yu, Yong Li, Jian Suo, Naiqing Zhao, Wei Zhang, Haojie Li, Hongyong He, Yihong Sun
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

The safety of laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) for the treatment of gastric cancer remains uncertain given the lack of high-level clinical evidence.To compare the safety of LTG for clinical stage I gastric cancer with that of conventional open total gastrectomy (OTG).The Chinese Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery Study (CLASS) Group CLASS02 study was a prospective, multicenter, open-label, noninferiority, randomized clinical trial that compared the safety of LTG vs OTG with lymphadenectomy for patients with clinical stage I gastric cancer. From January 2017 to September 2018, a total of 227 patients were enrolled. Final follow-up was in October 2018.Eligible patients were randomized to LTG (n = 113) or OTG (n = 114) by an interactive web response system.The primary outcome was the morbidity and mortality within 30 days following surgeries between LTG and OTG with a noninferiority margin of 10%. The secondary outcomes were recovery courses and postoperative hospital stays.A total of 214 patients were analyzed for morbidity and mortality (105 patients in the LTG group and 109 patients in the OTG group). The mean (SD) age was 59.8 (9.4) years in the LTG group and 59.4 (9.2) years in the OTG group, and most were male (LTG group, 75 of 105 [71.4%]; OTG group, 80 of 109 [73.4%]). The overall morbidity and mortality rates were not significantly different between the groups (rate difference, -1.1%; 95% CI, -11.8% to 9.6%). Intraoperative complications occurred in 3 patients (2.9%) in the LTG group and 4 patients (3.7%) in the OTG group (rate difference, -0.8%; 95% CI, -6.5% to 4.9%). In addition, there was no significant difference in the overall postoperative complication rate of 18.1% in the LTG group and 17.4% in the OTG group (rate difference, 0.7%; 95% CI, -9.6% to 11.0%). One patient in the LTG group died from intra-abdominal bleeding secondary to splenic artery hemorrhage. However, there was no significant difference in mortality between the LTG group and the OTG group (rate difference, 1.0%; 95% CI, -2.5% to 5.2%), and the distribution of complication severity was similar between the 2 groups.The results of the CLASS02 trial showed that the safety of LTG with lymphadenectomy by experienced surgeons for clinical stage I gastric cancer was comparable to that of OTG.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03007550.
Integrative Analysis of Pleomorphic Dermal Sarcomas Reveals Fibroblastic Differentiation and Susceptibility to Immunotherapy
Authors: Sebastian Klein, Alexander Quaas, Ka-Won Noh, Maria Cartolano, Nima Abedpour, Cornelia Mauch, Jennifer Quantius, Hans Christian Reinhardt, Reinhard Buettner, Martin Peifer, Doris Helbig
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Purpose: Pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) is a rare malignant cutaneous tumor with an unknown cell of origin. Locally defined tumors can be treated by curative excisions, whereas advanced stages of the disease are difficult to treat, using standard regimens. Experimental Design: We performed whole-exome sequencing on a cohort of 28 individuals and corresponding transcriptomic analysis on 21 patients, as well as quantitative IHC image analysis on 27 patients. Results: PDS exhibits a universally high mutational load (42.7 mutations/mega base) with an inflamed, immunogenic tumor microenvironment. Three cases of PDS showed response to immune checkpoint blockade. Local mutation rate variation together with mRNA expression data demonstrate that PDS form a distinct entity, with PDGFRB as a lineage marker. In addition, we found that PDS is of mesenchymal, fibroblastic differentiation. Conclusions: PDS is of fibroblastic differentiation and exhibits a strong susceptibility to immunotherapy, including a high mutational burden and an inflamed tumor microenvironment.
"Value based" payment project saves US nearly $400m in two years, report finds
Authors: Michael McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A pilot project to evaluate accountable care organizations (ACOs) as an alternative payment model for doctors caring for Medicare patients yielded substantial savings while maintaining the quality of care, a new report has found.1

The findings will allow the US Department of Health and Human Services to expand the model to other Medicare programs. Earlier this year the agency announced that it planned to move 30% of Medicare payments to such “value based” models by 2016 and 50% by 2018.2

The report said that, during the first two years of the Pioneer ACO project, spending on the care of Medicare patients enrolled in the program grew by …
Diffuse Increased 68Ga-DOTATATE But Unimpressive 18F-FDG Osseous Activity in a Patient With Rapid-Progressing Synchronous Multifocal Osteosarcoma
Authors: Chunxia Qin, Fuqiang Shao, Xiaoli Lan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Osteosarcoma is usually F-FDG-avid. Here we report a case of an 18-year-old young man with widespread osteoblastic and slight osteolytic changes, which had diffusely increased Ga-DOTATATE uptake in the osseous lesions, whereas the F-FDG PET/CT was unrevealing. The final diagnosis is synchronous multifocal osteosarcoma based on the pathological, clinical, and imaging features.
Abstract 13820: Systems Biology of Arteriovenous Fistula to Explore Novel Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Julius L Decano, Caue Gasparotto A Bueno, Gabriela A Quieroz Do-Amaral, LangHo A Lee, Halu A Arda, Hengmin Zhang, C. Keith Ozaki, Sasha A Singh, Elena Aikawa, Masanori Aikawa
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Hemodialysis access by arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) remain the primary lifeline for chronic renal failure patients. AVF failure rates, however, are unacceptably high with no effective...
Effects of Diet versus Gastric Bypass on Metabolic Function in Diabetes
Authors: Mihoko Yoshino, Brandon D. Kayser, Jun Yoshino, Richard I. Stein, Dominic Reeds, J. Christopher Eagon, Shaina R. Eckhouse, Jeramie D. Watrous, Mohit Jain, Rob Knight, Kenneth Schechtman, Bruce W. Patterson, Samuel Klein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Some studies have suggested that in people with type 2 diabetes, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass has therapeutic effects on metabolic function that are independent of weight loss.
Phenomena that underpin frequent attendance need clarification
Authors: R. D Neal, P. L Heywood, A. C Dowell, S. Morley
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Home visiting by general practitioners in England and WalesHome visits are a feature of primary care in many western European countries EDITOR,-Paul Aylin and colleagues' paper on home visiting in general practice perpetuates one of the many myths concerning the NHS.1 It is not true that home visiting "is one of the factors that distinguish primary care in Britain from pri- mary care in many other Western countries."Home visits are a feature ofprimary care in many Western countries, and also in the former social- ist countries of central and eastern Europe.In 1994 they accounted for about 3% of face to face consultations in general practice in Denmark, under 1% in Finland, 19% in France, 9% in Germany, 5% in Greece, 3% in Israel, 11% in Italy, 9% in the Netherlands, 2% in Portugal, 3% in Spain, 2% in Sweden, and 7% in the United Kingdom.2This makes the United Kingdom about average for western Europe.Among central and eastern European countries, home
A Phase 2 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Demonstrating Reversal of Edoxaban-Induced Anticoagulation in Healthy Subjects By Andexanet Alfa (PRT064445), a Universal Antidote for Factor Xa (fXa) Inhibitors
Authors: Mark Crowther, Gallia G. Levy, Genmin Lu, Janet Leeds, Joyce Lin, Pratikhya Pratikhya, Pamela B. Conley, Stuart Connolly, John T. Curnutte
Journal: Blood (2014)
Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine
Authors: Franck Mauvais-Jarvis, Noel Bairey Merz, Peter J Barnes, Roberta D Brinton, Juan-Jesus Carrero, Dawn L DeMeo, Geert J De Vries, C Neill Epperson, Ramaswamy Govindan, Sabra L Klein, Amedeo Lonardo, Pauline M Maki, Louise D McCullough, Vera Regitz-Zagrosek, Judith G Regensteiner, Joshua B Rubin, Kathryn Sandberg, Ayako Suzuki
Journal: The Lancet (2020)

Clinicians can encounter sex and gender disparities in diagnostic and therapeutic responses. These disparities are noted in epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, disease progression, and response to treatment. This Review discusses the fundamental influences of sex and gender as modifiers of the major causes of death and morbidity. We articulate how the genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal influences of biological sex influence physiology and disease, and how the social constructs of gender affect the behaviour of the community, clinicians, and patients in the health-care system and interact with pathobiology. We aim to guide clinicians and researchers to consider sex and gender in their approach to diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases as a necessary and fundamental step towards precision medicine, which will benefit men's and women's health.
The Comparison of 6-Mercaptopurine with the Combination of 6-Mercaptopurine and Azaserine in the Treatment of Acute Leukemia in Children: Results of a Cooperative Study
Authors: R. M. HEYN, C. A. BRUBAKER, J. H. BURCHENAL, H. G. CRAMBLETT, J. A. WOLFF
Journal: Blood (1960)
Peripheral immunophenotypes in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Michael J. Carter, Matthew Fish, Aislinn Jennings, Katie J. Doores, Paul Wellman, Jeffrey Seow, Sam Acors, Carl Graham, Emma Timms, Julia Kenny, Stuart Neil, Michael H. Malim, Shane M. Tibby, Manu Shankar-Hari
Journal: Nature Medicine (2020)
Bronchial thermoplasty in patients with dynamic hyperinflation: results from the proof-of-concept HEAT trial
Authors: Nicolas Guibert, Laurent Guilleminault, Benoit Lepage, Valentin Heluain, Romane Fumat, Marion Dupuis, Guillaume Faviez, Gavin Plat, Christophe Hermant, Alain Didier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>Bronchial thermoplasty improves severe asthma with dynamic hyperinflation. The presence of dynamic hyperinflation is a potential marker for bronchial thermoplasty efficacy in severe refractory asthma.</b>https://bit.ly/2POltMC
Abstract LB-159: The association of alveolar lipid laden macrophages with inflammatory cytokines in electronic cigarette users
Authors: Min-Ae Song, Peter G. Shields, Jo L. Freudenheim, Theodore M. Brasky, Joseph P. McElroy, Joseph P. McElroy, Sarah A. Reisinger, Daniel Y. Weng, Rongqin Ren, Thomas Eissenberg, Mark D. Wewers, Konstantin Shilo
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Introduction: Lipid laden macrophages (LLM) from lung bronchoscopies have been identified as characteristic for some patients with e-cigarette (e-cig) or vaping product use associated lung injury (EVALI). While vaping with THC oils containing vitamin E acetate is thought to have caused the outbreak, there is a subset of the EVALI cases who reported vaping only with nicotine-containing e-cigs. A recent animal study showed that propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin altered lipid homeostasis and induced LLM. In addition to the associations with EVALI, understanding the health effects of vaping with e-cigs in general needs additional investigation. Objective: We examined alterations in alveolar lipid homeostasis comparing e-cig users to cigarette smokers and never-smokers. Further, we determined the association of LLM with inflammatory cytokines. Methods: LLMs, inflammatory cell counts, and cytokines were determined in bronchial alveolar fluids (BAL) from a cross-sectional study of 62 volunteer subjects, age 21-45. Participants who were e-cig users were either never-smokers or former smokers. Cigarette smoking and e-cig use were confirmed by biomarkers of exposure, including lung and urine cotinine and 3-hydroxycotinine and urine anatabine, nicotelline, and PG. Results: High LLM counts were found in the lungs of almost all smokers and about half of the e-cig users, but not in any never-smokers (P&amp;lt;0.001). LLMs were significantly correlated with the inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in e-cig users (P=0.01). Smoking history, including cigarettes per day and biomarkers of exposure, e-cig use history, and gender were not associated with LLMs (all P&amp;gt;0.05). LLMs were not related to THC exposure. Discussion: This is the first report comparing LLMs in the lungs of e-cig users with smokers and never-smokers. LLMs were found in lungs of both smokers and a portion of e-cig users. Given their presence among smokers, they are not likely to be useful as a marker identifying those with EVALI. However, LLMs may be one of the markers for specific disease risks associated with e-cig usage, but not smoking. Citation Format: Min-Ae Song, Peter G. Shields, Jo L. Freudenheim, Theodore M. Brasky, Joseph P. McElroy, Joseph P. McElroy, Sarah A. Reisinger, Daniel Y. Weng, Rongqin Ren, Thomas Eissenberg, Mark D. Wewers, Konstantin Shilo. The association of alveolar lipid laden macrophages with inflammatory cytokines in electronic cigarette users [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-159.
Combined Antiplatelet/Anticoagulant Drug for Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Laura A. Bienvenu, Ana Maluenda, James D. McFadyen, Amy K. Searle, Eefang Yu, Carolyn Haller, Elliot L. Chaikof, Karlheinz Peter, Xiaowei Wang
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)
Concentric Annular Truncal Eruption
Authors: Leah A. Swanson, Margot S. Peters, Nneka I. Comfere
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2020)

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