tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lois Jovanovič, MD, MACE: Pioneer in the Field of Diabetes and Pregnancy and Beyond
Authors: David J. Pettitt, Alison Okada Wollitzer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

Lois Jovanovic is a name that has become synonymous with good pregnancy outcomes for women with type 1 diabetes. Having type 1 diabetes herself and experiencing the challenges it poses for the pregnant woman, Dr. Jovanovic devoted her career to helping women with diabetes prepare for pregnancy and experience successful outcomes. She always emphasized the importance of being in excellent metabolic balance before becoming pregnant and always told her patients that they were “not allowed to get pregnant until she gave them permission.”

As newer insulin analogs became available, they were only approved for use outside of pregnancy. Dr. Jovanovic pioneered testing these analogs in pregnancy, proving that not only were they safe for pregnant women and their babies but resulted in improved diabetes control throughout the pregnancy. Dr. Jovanovic developed an algorithm for insulin use that she taught her patients so they could more easily manage their diabetes during the stress of pregnancy (1). She was very proud of how successful the outcome could be when a pregnancy was meticulously managed and for years kept a picture of each newborn whose mother she had worked with through the pregnancy.

Dr. Jovanovic was passionate about her patients—more than one was overheard saying “Dr. Lois is the first diabetes doctor who really understood what I’m going through.” Others swore they are only mothers because of Dr. Lois; she was their devoted “cheerleader” (her term) as she kept in close touch with her moms throughout their pregnancies, including through daily faxed glucose diaries and phone calls. Dr. Jovanovic authored or coauthored numerous texts and monographs to help women and their physicians better understand the diabetic pregnancy. These included Diabetes & Pregnancy: What to Expect (2) and Gestational Diabetes: What to Expect (3), which the American Diabetes Association relied on for years along …
No evidence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in stool samples of 1,544 asylum seekers arriving in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, April 2016 to March, 2017
Authors: Lutz Ehlkes, Yvonne Pfeifer, Guido Werner, Ralf Ignatius, Manfred Vogt, Tim Eckmanns, Philipp Zanger, Jan Walter
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2019)

Since 2015, increased migration from Asia and Africa to Europe has raised public health concerns about potential importation of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE), specifically those producing carbapenemases (C-PE), into European hospitals.To inform infection control practices about ESBL-PE prevalence in asylum seekers and to investigate whether C-PE prevalence exceeds that in the German population.Cross-sectional study from April 2016-March 2017. Routinely collected stool samples from asylum seekers were tested for antibiotic resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Country/region of origin and demographic characteristics were explored as risk factors for faecal colonisation.Of 1,544 individuals, 294 tested positive for ESBL-PE colonisation (19.0%; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 17.0-21.0). Asylum seekers originating from Afghanistan/Pakistan/Iran had a prevalence of 29.3% (95% CI: 25.6-33.2), from Syria 20.4% (95% CI: 16.1-25.2) and from Eritrea/Somalia 11.9% (95% CI: 8.7-15.7). CTX-M-15 (79%) and CTX-M-27 (10%) were the most common ESBL determinants. Highest ESBL-PE prevalences were observed in boys under 10 years and women aged 20-39 years (interaction: p = 0.03). No individuals tested positive for C-PE. Faecal C-PE colonisation prevalence in asylum seekers was not statistically significantly different from prevalence reported in German communities.In absence of other risk factors, being a newly arrived asylum seeker from a region with increased faecal ESBL-PE colonisation prevalence is not an indicator for C-PE colonisation and thus not a reason for pre-emptive screening and isolation upon hospital admission.
Abstract #802: STAT3 as a regulator of cell death in the condition of stress hormone, Dexamethasone
Authors: Shim Seon-Hui, Myun-Whun Sung, Junghun Hah
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Glucocorticoids inhibit the synthesis of almost all known pro-inflammatory cytokines and influence multiple transduction pathways. Dexamethasone(DEX) and similar GCs were used to tumor therapy of pro-apoptotic effects in lymphoid cells. However, the use of GCs in solid tumor is not an aim to destroy malignant cells, but rather to alleviate symptoms caused by cancer therapy. GCs bind to glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in the cytoplasm that translocate to the nucleus, where they bind to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) in the promoter region of steroid-sensitive genes activating or inhibiting their transcription. Additionally, GRs interact directly or indirectly with several transcription factors for example, NK-kB, AP1, p53 and CREB, thus negatively influencing transcription of their target genes. All of these transcription signaling are closely connected to cancer survival or death. We concentrated the action of DEX on head and neck cancer because it has not been studied enough. When SNU-1041 and SNU-1076, head and neck cancer cell lines, was treated with DEX, interestingly two cell lines showed different aspect. DEX inhibits cell growth as concentration dependent manner in SNU-1041, but not in SNU-1076 when we performed MTT assay. Furthermore, DEX suppressed VEGF secretion in culture medium in case of SNU-1041 but not in SNU-1076. We focused that which factor leads this difference caused by DEX. Because DEX is often used before, during and after chemotherapy, clarification of this different aspect is important for cure. We checked main signaling after treatment of DEX using western blot. After DEX, NF-kB(p65) and p-Akt was not influenced in both cell lines. However, phospho-STAT3 was blocked only in SNU-1041. Additionally, in our previous study, when phospho-STAT3 was blocked, cell growth and VEGF decreased and STAT3 is one of main regulator of control head and neck cancer cell death. Moreover, STAT3 inhibition by si-RNA leaded downregulation of VEGF. From these result, we supposed that p-STAT3 is important factor which can lead cell death or not, when DEX was treated in cancer cell. To confirm our assumption, as a further study, we are checking relationship between STAT3 and DEX as transfection with wild type STAT3.  Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 802.
Abstract 3423: The genomic evolution of prostate cancer under the selective pressure of anti-androgen therapy
Authors: Joël Roman Gsponer, Tanja Dietsche, Alexander Rufle, Thomas Lorber, Darius Juskevicius, Valeria Perrina, Elisabeth Lenkiewicz, Tobias Zellweger, Alexander Bachmann, Michael T. Barrett, Cyrill A. Rentsch, Christian Ruiz, Lukas Bubendorf
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background The implementation of novel technologies such as array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and next-generation sequencing has led to a deeper understanding of the genomic nature of cancer. However, these analyses have classically been done without respecting intra-tumor heterogeneity. Here, we applied a methodology that allows us analyzing the genomic profile of distinct tumor populations from individual tumors and their clonal evolution during the progression to castration-resistant disease, thus enabling the discovery of novel genetic alterations in the course of the development of therapy resistance. Methods Matched pre- and post- hormone treated fresh frozen and/or formalin fixed prostate cancer samples were selected from our biobank. Clonal tumor populations were flow-sorted according to their nuclear DNA content. Sorted tumor populations were subjected to whole genome CGH and to full exome sequencing analyses by the use of Agilent SurePrint 2x400k microarrays and the SureSelect All Exon Kit, respectively. Target aberrations were evaluated using a prostate cancer tissue micro array (TMA) and fluorescence in situ hybridization as well as immunohistochemistry. Results The de-convolution of the genomic evolution in the investigated tumors shows that genetic aberrations and mutations are newly occurring under the selective pressure of anti-androgen therapy. More importantly, judging on the temporal dynamics of changes in allelic frequencies, we cannot only observe events that become more abundant, but also cancer associated mutations that are negatively selected for. We are currently following up several of these targets, of which at least one shows significant association with overall survival and differences in its expression pattern between hormone naïve and castration resistant cancer. Conclusions Genomic profiling of distinct clonal tumor populations during prostate cancer progression allows for analysis of intra-tumoral heterogeneity and the underlying clonal evolution. Importantly, this approach identifies genomic aberrations that were selected for under the pressure of hormone ablation therapy. Citation Format: Joël Roman Gsponer, Tanja Dietsche, Alexander Rufle, Thomas Lorber, Darius Juskevicius, Valeria Perrina, Elisabeth Lenkiewicz, Tobias Zellweger, Alexander Bachmann, Michael T. Barrett, Cyrill A. Rentsch, Christian Ruiz, Lukas Bubendorf. The genomic evolution of prostate cancer under the selective pressure of anti-androgen therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3423. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3423
Intersectionality in Clinical Medicine: The Need for a Conceptual Framework
Authors: Yolonda Wilson, Amina White, Akilah Jefferson, Marion Danis
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2019)

Intersectionality has become a significant intellectual approach for those thinking about the ways that race, gender, and other social identities converge in order to create unique forms of oppression. Although the initial work on intersectionality addressed the unique position of black women relative to both black men and white women, the concept has since been expanded to address a range of social identities. Here we consider how to apply some of the theoretical tools provided by intersectionality to the clinical context. We begin with a brief discussion of intersectionality and how it might be useful in a clinical context. We then discuss two clinical scenarios that highlight how we think considering intersectionality could lead to more successful patient–clinician interactions. Finally, we extrapolate general strategies for applying intersectionality to the clinical context before considering objections and replies.
Infection control procedures for extensively drug-resistant bacteria and related adverse effects: the experience at the Lyon University Hospitals from 2011 to 2017
Authors: S. Gerbier-Colomban, C. Dananché, E. Marion, T. Bénet, C. Dupieux, O. Dauwalder, J. Bryant, P. Vanhems
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2019)
Every 2 Weeks or Every 4 Weeks Subcutaneous Injection of Emicizumab in Pediatric Patients with Severe Hemophilia A without Inhibitors: A Multi-Center, Open-Label Study in Japan (HOHOEMI Study)
Authors: Midori Shima, Keiji Nogami, Sayaka Nagami, Seitaro Yoshida, Koichiro Yoneyama, Akira Ishiguro, Takashi Suzuki, Masashi Taki
Journal: Blood (2018)
Antisense Oligonucleotide Targeting of Thrombopoietin Synthesis Reduces Platelet Count within the Hemostatic Range and Slows Progression of De Novo Mammary Carcinogenesis in the Mmtv-Pymt Mouse
Authors: Toshiaki Shirai, Alexey Revenko, Justin Tibbits, Lisa M Coussens, Owen JT McCarty, Brett P. Monia, Andras Gruber
Journal: Blood (2018)
Insight into the management of actinic keratosis: a qualitative interview study among general practitioners and dermatologists
Authors: E.C. Noels, M. Lugtenberg, S. Egmond, S.M. Droger, P.A.J. Buis, T. Nijsten, M. Wakkee
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

BackgroundThe increasing incidence of actinic keratosis (AK) is causing a large burden on healthcare systems. The current management of patients with AK seems to vary within and between primary and secondary care; however, an in‐depth understanding of healthcare providers' management of AK is currently lacking.
Safety profile of epigenetic therapies in early phase trials: Do epidrugs deserve specific drug development processes?
Authors: L. Leroy, T. Satar, C. Baldini, P. Martin-Romano, A. Hollebecque, J.-M. Michot, V. Ribrag, C. Massard, X. Paoletti, S. Postel Vinay
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

Background: Targeting the epigenome has demonstrated efficacy in hematological malignancies, and results of recent phase 1 (P1) trials have shown promising activity in solid tumors. The number of novel epidrugs is increasing exponentially, with several first-in-class, first-in-human selective compounds now evaluated in P1 trials. Accurate knowledge of their safety profile and toxicity management beyond cycle 1 is essential to appropriate P2 dose recommendation. Methods: All patients (pts) with hematologic or solid tumors enrolled in at least one epidrug P1 trial at Gustave Roussy Drug Development Department were retrospectively analysed. Baseline pts characteristics, treatment-related adverse events (AEs) – type, grade, date of occurrence, duration, resolution - toxicity management (medication, dose modification) and outcome were collected. Results: A total of 243 pts (43,6% hematologic, 23,1% non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), 33,3% solid tumors excluding NHL) were included in 15 epidrug monotherapy P1 trials between Jan 2010 and March 2017; 62% were male; median age was 65 yo and median treatment duration was 119 days; 1980 treatment cycles and 335 AEs were analysed: 118 (35%) (64 G1-2; 54 G3-4) and 217 (65%) (114 G1-2; 103 G3-4) AEs occurred during and after cycle 1 (C1; DLT period), respectively; 58% of AEs were hematological toxicities. The risk of G3-4 toxicity for hematologic pts was 15% and 11% during and after C1 respectively, and was 12% and 18% for solid tumors excluding NHL, and was 29% and 24% for pts with NHL. DLT occurred in 10 pts (4%). Dose reduction occurred in 15% of pts, after a median duration of 21 treatment days. Temporary and definitive treatment interruption for toxicity occurred in 21% and 9% of pts, respectively; 87% of these occurred after C1. Conclusions: In P1 trials of epidrugs, 65% of high-grade AEs occur after cycle 1 and 42% are non-haematological toxicities. More pts with NHL than pts with solid tumors (excluding NHL) or hematological malignancies present their first severe AE during C1. The dose recommendation process may require fine-tuning according to each pt population. Like molecularly targeted or immune therapies, epidrugs have distinct toxicity profile requiring specific attention in their development process. Legal entity responsible for the study: Gustave Roussy Institut. Funding: Has not received any funding. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Body Composition and Diabetes Risk in South Asians: Findings From the MASALA and MESA Studies
Authors: Elena Flowers, Feng Lin, Namratha R. Kandula, Matthew Allison, Jeffrey J. Carr, Jingzhong Ding, Ravi Shah, Kiang Liu, David Herrington, Alka M. Kanaya
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

OBJECTIVE South Asians have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes compared with other race/ethnic groups. Body composition is associated with the risk for type 2 diabetes. Differences in body composition between South Asians and other race/ethnic groups are one hypothesized mechanism to explain the disproportionate prevalence of type 2 diabetes in this population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study used data from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohorts to determine whether body composition mediated the elevated prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes in South Asians. Participants (n = 2,615) with complete body composition data were included. Ordinal logistic regression models were calculated to determine the odds for glycemic impairment in South Asians compared with the MESA cohort. RESULTS In multivariate models, South Asians had a significantly higher prevalence of glycemic impairment and type 2 diabetes compared with all four race/ethnic groups included in the MESA (P &amp;lt; 0.001 for all). In unadjusted and multivariate adjusted models, South Asians had higher odds for impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes compared with all other race/ethnic groups (P &amp;lt; 0.001 for all). The addition of body composition measures did not significantly mitigate this relationship. CONCLUSIONS We did not identify strong evidence that accounting for body composition explains differences in the risk for type 2 diabetes. Future prospective studies of the MESA and MASALA cohorts are needed to understand how adipose tissue impacts the risk for type 2 diabetes and how to best assess this risk.
Targeting a Specific Glycosylated Epitope of CD43 with a New Humanized Monoclonal Antibody for the Treatment of Pediatric and Adult T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL)
Authors: Cirino Botta, Giuseppe Gaipa, Maria Eugenia Gallo Cantafio, Chiara Buracchi, Maria Anna Siciliano, Caterina Riillo, Katia Grillone, Alessandro Gulino, Maria Cucè, Nicoletta Staropoli, Andrea Ghelli Luserna Di Rora, Franca Maria Tuccillo, Maria Teresa Di Martino, Claudio Tripodo, Marco Rossi, Giovanni Martinelli, Andrea Biondi, Pierosandro Tagliaferri, Pierfrancesco Tassone
Journal: Blood (2018)
Kids, There’s an App for That!
Authors: Margaret Tempero
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2019)

WATCHKids, There's an App for That!T his morning, while watching the snow fall, a friend and I discussed making improvements in health education for the public using computer-based tools.We launched into this after a vigorous discussion about the merits and pitfalls of universal germline testing in patients with cancer and wondering how in the world you might automate genetic counseling to accommodate it.This conversation got me thinking about what might already be available for patients with cancer, and I immediately thought about chemotherapy education.This is something our nursing staff provides in person to patients (and is available for specific cancer types through the NCCN Guidelines for Patients at NCCN.org/ patients), but wouldn't it be nice to supplement this with an electronic tool, like an app, that you can interact with?Putting my Luddite nature aside, I actually searched for this in the App Store.And although I didn't find anything that met the spirit of our discussion, I did find a wonderful app that I want to introduce you to.I was attracted to it because it had a cheerful cartoon figure, not too dissimilar from a Despicable Me character, with bright colors and the title Kids' Guide to Cancer.It was developed as an informational tool for kids with cancer or kids living with someone who has cancer.It's an Australian product sponsored by the Newcastle Permanent Charitable Foundation (www.newcastlepermanent.com.au/charitable-foundation), which supports activities that improve community health, especially for disadvantaged and at-risk young people.Back to the app-which is free, by the way.I explored the whole thing.I figured that if you could teach kids about cancer, you could surely teach adults!Anyway, I found it entertaining, informative, sensitive, and extremely easy to navigate.The illustrations were dynamic and the language, while simple, did not "dumb down" the subject.In appropriate sections, the app introduced information about prevention, such as the HPV vaccine and sunscreen.So, while learning about the cancer that is affecting their grandmother, for example, kids can also learn something to help themselves.The bottom line here is that we need more of these tools.Furthermore, we need the people who know how to make these tools entertaining to engage with us in their development.Yes, I'm taking about gamers.After all, there is a reason some folks are glued to devices for hours at a time-because it's fun!Why can't education be fun, too, even when it's about a serious subject?This was a good exercise for me, and I found an app I can recommend to parents struggling to explain their situation to their kids.I always thought there was a void there.Additionally, I have new respect for computer-based learning, and some ideas about taking it to a new level with animation and rewards!
Diaries For Intensive Care Unit Survivors (discuss): Perspectives Of Patients And Family Members Regarding Psychological Support
Authors: L. M. Aitken, J. Rattray, J. Kenardy, A. M. Hull, A. Ullman, R. Le Brocque, M. Mitchell, C. Davis, B. Macfarlane
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)
Acute myeloid leukemia: 2019 update on risk‐stratification and management
Authors: Elihu H. Estey
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2018)

Abstract Outcome in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) ranges from death within a few days of beginning treatment (treatment related mortality, TRM) to likely cure. The major reason patients are not cured is resistance to treatment, often manifested as relapse from remission, rather than, even in older patients, TRM, whose incidence is decreasing. Knowledge of the pre‐treatment mutation status of various genes has improved our ability to assign initial treatment and, of particular importance, knowledge of whether patients ostensibly in remission have measurable residual disease should influence subsequent management. Several new drugs have been approved by the FDA and we discuss their role in treatment.
MP0250 Combined with Bortezomib and Dexamethasone in Multiple Myeloma Patients Previoulsy Exposed to Proteasome Inhibitors and Immunomodulatory Drugs
Authors: Stefan Knop, Hartmut Goldschmidt, Marc S Raab, Monika Szarejko, Artur Jurczyszyn, Jan Dürig, Sara Bringhen, Barbara Gamberi, Angelo Vacca, Jorge Castellano Acosta, Guy Lemaillet, Cedric Cortijo, Bansod Sudhir, Norbert Grząśko
Journal: Blood (2018)