tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Edward R Smith, Matthew Heeney, R Michael Scott
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2017)

To the Editor: Isanaka and colleagues (March 23 issue) 1 tested a heat-stable rotavirus vaccine in Niger and report an efficacy of 66.7% against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in the per-protocol population.The purpose of rotavirus vaccination is ultimately to reduce the incidence of diarrhea and diarrhea-related death.However, the rate of severe gastroenteritis due to any cause was not significantly lower among the vaccinated infants than among those who received placebo (difference in rate, 1.97 cases per 100 personyears; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.28 to 5.22).The lack of efficacy against severe gastroenteritis has not been highlighted in the discussion although this information is crucial for decision makers.The intention-to-treat analysis more closely reflects efficacy in real-world conditions.Everyone who received the first dose of vaccine was included in the intention-to-treat analysis; 86% of them went on to receive all three doses per the protocol and were included in the per-protocol analysis.In the intention-to-treat analysis, there was a significantly higher rate of gastroenteritis due to any cause in the vaccine group than in the placebo group (difference in rate, -6.59 cases per 100 person-years; 95% CI, -11.89 to -1.29 [negative difference values favor the placebo group]).Again, there was no benefit of the vaccine against severe gastroenteritis.This vaccine could aggravate the problem it is meant to solve in resource-poor countries.
HOW MANY EUS-GUIDED GASTROJEJUNOSTOMY PROCEDURES ARE NECESSARY FOR PROFICIENCY? AN APPRAISAL OF THE LEARNING CURVE FOR A SINGLE OPERATOR
Authors: M Jovani, Y Ichkhanian, N Parsa, S Singh, M Khashab
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastrojejunostomy (EUS-GJ) can be an alternative to surgery/enteral stenting to manage gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). However, no data are available on the learning curve for EUS-GJ, and defining it is mandatory for the creation of adequate subspecialty training programs and quality assurance.
OUTCOMES FROM THE UK ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION (UK ESD) REGISTRY: IS AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH VIABLE FOR ENDOSCOPISTS IN THE WESTERN SETTING?
Authors: E Hossain, S Subramaniam, S Arndtz, G Longcroft-Wheaton, A Haji, B Hayee, A Parra-Blanco, M Banks, S Brian, N Suzuki, J East, P Bhandari
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Methods The UK ESD registry was established in 2016 with 4 major tertiary referral centres which was extended to 6 centres by 2019. Data on different parameters ranging from patient demographics to procedural details were collected on a national web based electronic platform and analysed.
Soy Scaffoldings Poised to Make Cultured Meat More Affordable
Authors: Jennifer Abbasi
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ZENKER DIVERTICULUM (ZD): ANTERIOR TUNNEL COMPLETE CRICOPHARYNGEUS (CP) MYOTOMY: Z-ATM
Authors: S Ishaq, T Kuwai, K Siau, C Mulder, H Neumann, Z Group
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Incomplete myotomy has been ascribed to high recurrence rate of 11% that led to concept of completely CP myotomy in the treatment of ZD, but not without risk of perforation. we aim to describe modified technique of minimally invasive complete myotomy
Clinical Genetic Testing in Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Large Community-Based Population Sample
Authors: Daniel Moreno-De-Luca, Brian C. Kavanaugh, Carrie R. Best, Stephen J. Sheinkopf, Chanika Phornphutkul, Eric M. Morrow
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2020)

Clinical Genetic Testing in Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Large Community-Based Population SampleAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is among the most strongly genetic neuropsychiatric conditions, with an increased frequency of rare, deleterious copy number variants and single-nucleotide variants.Because of this, several medical professional societies have recommended offering chromosomal microarray (CMA) testing and Fragile X testing for people with ASD, 1 with growing support for exome sequencing as the first-tier genetic test. 2 To understand the implementation of genetic testing in a real-world population, we analyzed data from the Rhode Island Consortium for Autism Research and Treatment (RI-CART) study, a large, population-based study of people with ASD. 3 Methods | This study was approved by the institutional review board at Lifespan, and all participants provided written informed consent.We analyzed self-report data and medical records, when available, from 1280 participants in the RI-CART study, recruited between April 1, 2013, and April 30, 2019, with ASD diagnosis confirmed by assessment using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2).
Loneliness, social isolation, cardiovascular disease and mortality: a synthesis of the literature and conceptual framework
Authors: Sam Hodgson, Isabella Watts, Simon Fraser, Paul Roderick, Hajira Dambha-Miller
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2020)

To conduct a systematic review and develop a conceptual framework on the mechanisms linking loneliness, social isolation, health outcomes and mortality. Electronic databases were systematically searched (PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus and EMBASE) from inception to October 2018 followed by manual searching to identify research on loneliness, social isolation and mortality in adults published in the English language. Articles were assessed for quality and synthesised into a conceptual framework using meta-ethnographical approaches. A total of 122 articles were included. These collated observational designs examining mediators and moderations of the association in addition to qualitative studies exploring potential mechanisms were included. A framework incorporating 18 discrete factors implicated in the association between loneliness, social isolation and mortality was developed. Factors were categorised into societal or individual, and sub-categorised into biological, behavioural and psychological. These findings emphasise the complex multidirectional relationship between loneliness, social isolation and mortality. Our conceptual framework may allow development of more holistic interventions, targeting many of the interdependent factors that contribute to poor outcomes for lonely and socially isolated people.
Graduated compression stockings as adjuvant to pharmaco-thromboprophylaxis in elective surgical patients (GAPS study): randomised controlled trial
Authors: Joseph Shalhoub, Rebecca Lawton, Jemma Hudson, Christopher Baker, Andrew Bradbury, Karen Dhillon, Tamara Everington, Manjit S Gohel, Zaed Hamady, Beverley J Hunt, Gerrard Stansby, David Warwick, John Norrie, Alun H Davies
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Abstract Objectives To investigate whether the use of graduated compression stockings (GCS) offers any adjuvant benefit when pharmaco-thromboprophylaxis is used for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients undergoing elective surgery. Design Open, multicentre, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial. Setting Seven National Health Service tertiary hospitals in the United Kingdom. Participants 1905 elective surgical inpatients (≥18 years) assessed as being at moderate or high risk of venous thromboembolism were eligible and consented to participate. Intervention Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) pharmaco-thromboprophylaxis alone or LMWH pharmaco-thromboprophylaxis and GCS. Outcome measures The primary outcome was imaging confirmed lower limb deep vein thrombosis with or without symptoms, or pulmonary embolism with symptoms within 90 days of surgery. Secondary outcome measures were quality of life, compliance with stockings and LMWH, lower limb complications related to GCS, bleeding complications, adverse reactions to LMWH, and all cause mortality. Results Between May 2016 and January 2019, 1905 participants were randomised. 1858 were included in the intention to treat analysis (17 were identified as ineligible after randomisation and 30 did not undergo surgery). A primary outcome event occurred in 16 of 937 (1.7%) patients in the LMWH alone group compared with 13 of 921 (1.4%) in the LMWH and GCS group. The risk difference between the two groups was 0.30% (95% confidence interval −0.65% to 1.26%). Because the 95% confidence interval did not cross the non-inferiority margin of 3.5% (P&lt;0.001 for non-inferiority), LMWH alone was confirmed to be non-inferior. Conclusions For patients who have elective surgery and are at moderate or high risk of venous thromboembolism, administration of pharmaco-thromboprophylaxis alone is non-inferior to a combination of pharmaco-thromboprophylaxis and GCS. These findings indicate that GCS might be unnecessary in most patients undergoing elective surgery. Trial registration ISRCTN13911492 .
SHORT-TERM WEIGHT LOSS OF THE ENDOSCOPIC SLEEVE GASTROPLASTY FOR PRIMARY OBESITY
Authors: AJ del Pozo-Garcia, DR de la Cruz, T Valdés-Lacasa, S Nevado, R Polanco, FS Gómez
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG)with the Apollo Overstitch System (AOS) has been positioned as one of the reference treatments among endoscopic bariatric therapies. Our aim was to analyse its efficacy in our first 29 patients who reached at least 6 months of a multidisciplinary follow up schedule
Relation of a hypoxia metagene derived from head and neck cancer to prognosis of multiple cancers (vol 67, pg 3441, 2007)
Authors: S C Winter, F M Buffa, P Silva, C Miller, H R Valentine, H Turley, K A Shah, G J Cox, R J Corbridge, J J Homer, B Musgrove, N Slevin, P Sloan, P Price, West Cml., A L Harris
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)
Recent Advancements and Future Prospects on E-Nose Sensors Technology and Machine Learning Approaches for Non-Invasive Diabetes Diagnosis: A Review
Authors: S. Lekha, Suchetha M
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2020)

Diabetes mellitus, commonly measured through an invasive process which although is accurate, has manifold drawbacks especially when multiple reading are required at regular intervals. Accordingly, there is a need to develop a dependable non-invasive diabetes detection technique. Recent studies have observed that other human serums such as tears, saliva, urine and breath indicate the presence of glucose in them. These parameters open quite a few ways for non-invasive blood glucose level prediction. The analysis of a persons breath poses as a good non-invasive technique to monitor the glucose levels. It is seen that in breath, there are many bio-markers and monitoring the levels of these bio-markers indicate the possibility of various chronic diseases. Among these bio-markers, acetone a volatile organic compound found in breath has shown a good correlation to the glucose levels present in blood. Therefore, by evaluating the acetone levels in breath samples it is possible to monitor diabetes non-invasively. This paper reviews the various approaches and sensory techniques used to monitor diabetes though human breath samples.
Preoperative Weight Loss Before Bariatric Surgery—The Debate Continues
Authors: Micaela M. Esquivel, Dan Azagury
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Yangbo Sun, MD, PhD; Buyun Liu, MD, PhD; Jessica K. Smith, MD; Marcelo L. G. Correia, MD, PhD; Dana L. Jones, DNP; Zhanyong Zhu, MD; Adeyinka Taiwo, MD; Lisa L. Morselli, MD, PhD; Katie Robinson, PhD; Alexander A. Hart, MPH; Linda G. Snetselaar, PhD; Wei Bao, MD, PhD
UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT ASSOCIATED LESIONS IN PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED CELIAC DISEASE
Authors: I Enache, DV Balaban, A Zoican, A Popp, S Marin, RS Costache, P Nuta, FI Radu, D Matei, M Jinga
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Celiac disease (CD) in adults is currently diagnosed by CD-specific serology and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) with duodenal biopsy samples. In the last years there´s been a growing interest towards a non-bioptic diagnostic strategy, especially in children but in adults also. In this setting, when the usefulness of endoscopy for CD diagnosis is being questioned, we aimed to see if there are associated lesions detected during endoscopy which could support the indication of UGIE in these patients.
DIRECT ENDOSCOPIC NECROSECTOMY (DEN) OF WALLED-OFF PANCREATIC NECROSIS (WOPN) AFTER DRAINAGE WITH ELECTROCAUTERY ENHANCED LUMEN-APPOSING METAL STENT (EC-LAMS): TIME FOR HOT-SNARE TREATMENT? A CASE REPORT
Authors: G Gibiino, M Sbrancia, C Binda, D Colussi, A Sartini, E Giampalma, L Ansaloni, V Agnoletti, C Fabbri
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

A 60-years old woman developed a 10 cm-WOPN with signs of persistent infection. Therefore, she underwent to Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage using EC-LAMS. Because of the presence of large amount of solid necrosis, after 3 days we performed a contrast-enhanced EUS (CH-EUS) in order to exclude the presence of large vessels within the necrosis and therefore we performed DEN using both cold and hot-snare by bringing the tissue towards the gastric side. No complications occurred.
Discovery of heterozygous <i>KRT10</i> alterations in MAUIE cases underlines the importance of regular skin cancer screening in ichthyosis with confetti
Authors: B. Burger, A. Ghosh, C.K.Y. Ng, S. Piscuoglio, I. Spoerri, P.H. Itin, K. Greer, D. Elbaum
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)
ORGAN PRESERVATION AFTER ENDOSCOPIC RESECTION OF AN EARLY ESOPHAGEAL CANCER WITH A HIGH RISK OF LYMPH NODE METASTASES
Authors: S Dermine, T Levi-Strauss, EA Ali, A Belle, S Leblanc, G Rahmi, A Berger, F Prat, R Coriat, S Chaussade, M Barret
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Esophagectomy is recommended after endoscopic resection of a T1 esophageal cancer in case of deep mural invasion or poor histoprognostic factors. However, this surgery is highly morbid, and no advanced residual neoplasia is found in up to 87% of resection specimens. We aimed to assess the outcomes of patients with an endoscopically resected T1 esophageal cancer considered at high risk of lymph node metastases that were managed non-operatively.
DISCRIMINATING FACTORS FOR GASTRIC NEOPLASM AMONG REGENERATIVE ATYPIA FOUND IN SCREENING UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY
Authors: JH Lim, SH Lim, JS Kim
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims In screening endoscopy, biopsies for suspicious malignant lesions often show a diagnosis of regenerative atypia which makes it difficult to make clinical decisions because of ambiguous pathologic characteristics. Therefore we performed analysis to find discriminating factors for true gastric neoplasms among regenerative atypia found in screening endoscopy.
Reversal by bethanechol of sexual dysfunction caused by anticholinergic antidepressants
Authors: M D Gross
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

The anticholinergic properties of currently available antidepressants sometimes cause sexual dysfunction. Bethanechol, a cholinergic drug, was found to give total relief of impotence in two men and of anorgasmy in one woman; none of the subjects suffered side effects.
Risk of severe illness from COVID-19 in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and increased fibrosis scores
Authors: Giovanni Targher, Alessandro Mantovani, Christopher D Byrne, Xiao-Bo Wang, Hua-Dong Yan, Qing-Feng Sun, Ke-Hua Pan, Kenneth I Zheng, Yong-Ping Chen, Mohammed Eslam, Jacob George, Ming-Hua Zheng
Journal: Gut (2020)

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment landscape for patients with many advanced malignancies, only 15–60% of patients respond, leaving a broad swath of patients who do not derive benefit. Identifying biomarkers to optimally identify patients who will benefit from ICIs is a major research focus for the oncology community. Thus far, predictive biomarker research has focused on tumor signatures such as microsatellite instability, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and tumor mutational burden; clinical biomarkers have been far less studied. One potential clinical biomarker for ICI response in patients is immune-related adverse event (IRAE) onset. IRAEs are thought to represent bystander effects from activated T-cells and it is plausible that patients responding to ICIs would have greater likelihood of autoimmune toxicities (e.g. due to a more competent/treatment-responsive immune system, or cross-reactivity between tumor and host tissue). Earlier studies in melanoma patients however, suggested no association between IRAE onset and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) antibody efficacy. In contrast, a growing body of literature suggests IRAE onset is predictive of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and anti-PD-L1 antibody response across a variety of solid tumors. Most of these studies report that patients who experienced IRAEs demonstrate marked improvements in progression-free survival, overall survival and overall response rate compared to those lacking toxicity. Key questions regarding the association between IRAE onset and ICI efficacy remain. The most pertinent of these involve whether the association is only relevant for patients treated with anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies and whether IRAE site, severity, timing of onset and management influence ICI efficacy. Herein, we discuss the seminal studies which have begun to address these questions and have shaped the narrative about the predictive value of IRAE onset for patients on ICIs, in this review.
WIRSUNGO-GASTRIC ANASTOMOSIS UNDER ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND (EUS) IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SYMPTOMATIC DILATION OF THE MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT: A TERTIARY CENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: JM Gonzalez, A Falque, L Monino, M Gasmi, M Barthet
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims In patients with symptomatic dilation of the main pancreatic duct (CPP) with failure endoscopic cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or impossibility to cross a stricture or a stone with a wire, surgical management has long been the only available treatment. EUS-drainage is a minimally invasive approach for complicated duct drainage. Wirsungo-gastrostomy under EUS (EUS-WG) is an alternative to ductal decompression surgery, thus we describe our experience.
CHLOROFORM VERSUS ETHER.
Authors: W H Harsant
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Role of the GLUT1 Glucose Transporter in Postnatal CNS Angiogenesis and Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity
Authors: Koen Veys, Zheng Fan, Moheb Ghobrial, Ann Bouché, Melissa García-Caballero, Kim Vriens, Nadine Vasconcelos Conchinha, Aline Seuwen, Felix Schlegel, Tatiane Gorski, Melissa Crabbé, Paola Gilardoni, Raphaela Ardicoglu, Johanna Schaffenrath, Cindy Casteels, Gino De Smet, Ilse Smolders, Koen Van Laere, E. Dale Abel, Sarah-Maria Fendt, Aileen Schroeter, Joanna Kalucka, Anna Rita Cantelmo, Thomas Wälchli, Annika Keller, Peter Carmeliet, Katrien De Bock
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)

Endothelial cells (ECs) are highly glycolytic and generate the majority of their energy via the breakdown of glucose to lactate. At the same time, a main role of ECs is to allow the transport of glucose to the surrounding tissues. GLUT1 (glucose transporter isoform 1/Slc2a1) is highly expressed in ECs of the central nervous system (CNS) and is often implicated in blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, but whether and how GLUT1 controls EC metabolism and function is poorly understood.We evaluated the role of GLUT1 in endothelial metabolism and function during postnatal CNS development as well as at the adult BBB.Inhibition of GLUT1 decreases EC glucose uptake and glycolysis, leading to energy depletion and the activation of the cellular energy sensor AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), and decreases EC proliferation without affecting migration. Deletion of GLUT1 from the developing postnatal retinal endothelium reduces retinal EC proliferation and lowers vascular outgrowth, without affecting the number of tip cells. In contrast, in the brain, we observed a lower number of tip cells in addition to reduced brain EC proliferation, indicating that within the CNS, organotypic differences in EC metabolism exist. Interestingly, when ECs become quiescent, endothelial glycolysis is repressed, and GLUT1 expression increases in a Notch-dependent fashion. GLUT1 deletion from quiescent adult ECs leads to severe seizures, accompanied by neuronal loss and CNS inflammation. Strikingly, this does not coincide with BBB leakiness, altered expression of genes crucial for BBB barrier functioning nor reduced vascular function. Instead, we found a selective activation of inflammatory and extracellular matrix related gene sets.GLUT1 is the main glucose transporter in ECs and becomes uncoupled from glycolysis during quiescence in a Notch-dependent manner. It is crucial for developmental CNS angiogenesis and adult CNS homeostasis but does not affect BBB barrier function.