tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Clinical Importance of a Second Dose of Influenza Vaccination in Young Children
Authors: Claire Abraham, Melissa S. Stockwell
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Role of adjuvant therapy after R0 resection for patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma.
Authors: Young Saing Kim, In Gyu Hwang, Song-ee Park, Eun Young Kim, Jung Hun Kang, Se-Il Go, Inkeun Park, Sung Yong Oh, Jun Ho Ji, Haa-na Song, Se Hoon Park, Seung Tae Kim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

355 Background: There is still debated regarding the optimal treatment strategy in cholangiocarcinoma after curative resection. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of adjuvant therapy in R0-resected distal cholangiocarcinoma. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent R0 resection for distal cholangiocarcinoma between January 2001 and December 2013 at six cancer centers in Korea. Adjuvant therapy consisted of chemotherapy (CT), chemoradiotherapy (CRT), or radiotherapy (RT). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 158 patients were included in the analysis; 47 patients (29.7%) had lymph node involvement. Fifty-six patients (35.4%) received adjuvant therapy (CT/CRT/RT: 27/20/9, respectively). Patients with advanced TNM stage (p = 0.001), T3/T4 disease (p = 0.009), positive lymph nodes (p = 0.052) and elevated CA 19-9 (p = 0.071) were more likely to receive adjuvant therapy. The effect of adjuvant therapy varied according to the treatment modality. Multivariable analysis showed a significant improvement in OS with CRT (Hazard ratio (HR) 0.25, 95% CI 0.08-0.83, p = 0.024) and CT (HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.08-0.53, p = 0.001). However, RT alone was associated with shorter OS (HR 2.38, p = 0.040), along with T3/T4 disease (HR 2.12, p = 0.012) and positive lymph nodes (HR 2.30, p = 0.008). In the subset analysis according to lymph node status, adjuvant therapy not including RT alone was associated with a significant OS advantage both in node-negative patients (median, 103.3 vs. 54.9 months, p = 0.037) and node-positive patients (not reached vs. 22.6 months, p = 0.013). Conclusions: Our results showed that patients receiving adjuvant CT or CRT had significant improvement in OS. In addition, the benefit of adjuvant therapy (except RT alone) was observed even in patients with negative lymph nodes.
Evidence for a novel kit adhesion domain mediating human mast cell adhesion to structural airway cells
Authors: Kevin Gough, Ben Maddison, Aarti Parmar, Elena Moiseeva, Weidong Yang, Shila Jarvis, Peter Bradding
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: Human lung mast cells (HLMCs) infiltrate the airway epithelium and airway smooth muscle (ASM) in asthmatic airways. The mechanism of HLMC adhesion to both cell types is only partly defined, and is not inhibited by function-blocking anti-Kit and anti-stem cell factor antibodies.

Objective: To identify adhesion molecules expressed by human mast cells that mediate mast cell adhesion to human ASM cells (HASMCs) and human airway epithelial cells.

Methods: We used phage-display to isolate single chain Fv (scFv) antibodies with adhesion-blocking properties from rabbits immunised with HLMC and HMC-1 membrane proteins.

Results: Post-immune rabbit serum labelled HLMCs in flow cytometry and inhibited their adhesion to human BEAS-2B epithelial cells. Mast cell-specific scFvs were identified which labelled mast cells but not Jurkat cells by flow cytometry. Of these, one scFv (A1) consistently inhibited HMC-1 adhesion to HASMCs and BEAS-2B epithelial cells by about 30%. A1 immunoprecipitated Kit (CD117) from HMC-1 lysates and bound to a human Kit-expressing mouse mast cell line, but it did not interfere with stem cell factor-dependent Kit signalling.

Conclusion: Kit contributes to human mast cell adhesion to human airway epithelial cells and HASMCs, but may involve a previously unidentified adhesion domain on Kit that lies outside the stem cell factor binding site. Targeting this adhesion pathway might offer a novel approach for the inhibition of mast cell interactions with structural airway cells, without detrimental effects on Kit signalling in other tissues.
Alcohol, smoking, and other substance use in the perinatal period
Authors: Claire A Wilson, Emily Finch, Catherine Kerr, Judy Shakespeare
Journal: BMJ (2020)

### What you need to know

### Case scenario

A 30 year old primiparous woman is delighted to find herself pregnant and comes to your surgery for confirmation of the pregnancy. You discover that she is smoking 20 cigarettes a day, and she is worried that she went to a friend’s wedding around the time of conception and drank so much that she couldn’t remember what had happened until the next day. She also reports occasional recreational use of cannabis.

#### Next steps

Advise her of the risks of smoking and of alcohol and cannabis use during pregnancy. The biggest risk for her pregnancy at present is her smoking.

Offer referral to a specialist pregnancy smoking cessation clinic.

Clarify with her how much cannabis and alcohol she is using. Brief intervention may be sufficient, but regular or heavy use of either substance may warrant referral to specialist drug and alcohol services.

Many women use substances during pregnancy. For example, the global prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy is 9.8%.1 Moreover, 10.4% of pregnant women in England were known to be smoking tobacco at the time of delivery.2 Prevalence of cannabis use during pregnancy in a UK cohort has been reported as 5%3 but is likely to increase over coming years.4 Pregnancy may be a woman’s first time engaging with health services and may be a motivator to stop or reduce her substance use.5 In this article we offer an overview of assessment and interventions for substance use in the perinatal period. We focus on alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis …
Is the HScore useful in COVID-19?
Authors: David L Leverenz, Teresa K Tarrant
Journal: The Lancet (2020)

Puja Mehta and colleagues1Mehta P McAuley DF Brown M Sanchez E Tattersall RS Manson JJ COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression.Lancet. 2020; 395: 1033-1034Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (6820) Google Scholar suggest using the HScore2Fardet L Galicier L Lambotte O et al.Development and validation of the HScore, a score for the diagnosis of reactive hemophagocytic syndrome.Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014; 66: 2613-2620Crossref PubMed Scopus (793) Google Scholar to detect hyperinflammatory states in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The HScore is validated for the diagnosis of secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH), a condition that shares a similar cytokine profile to severe COVID-19. However, emerging clinical data in severe COVID-19 infection highlight HScore limitations.3Zhou F Yu T Du R et al.Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study.Lancet. 2020; 395: 1054-1062Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (18840) Google Scholar, 4Chen G Wu D Guo W et al.Clinical and immunologic features in severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019.J Clin Invest. 2020; (published online March 27.)DOI:10.1172/JCI137244Crossref Scopus (3377) Google Scholar Leukopenia increases the likelihood of sHLH in the HScore, whereas severe COVID-19 has leukocytosis with leukocyte subset lymphopenia. The HScore misses this important distinction. Although hyperferritinaemia, a hallmark of sHLH, occurs in severe COVID-19, ferritin concentrations rarely reach the HScore threshold of 2000·0 ng/mL until late in disease, limiting early intervention. In a review of 191 patients with COVID-19 admitted to hospital,3Zhou F Yu T Du R et al.Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study.Lancet. 2020; 395: 1054-1062Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (18840) Google Scholar the IQR of ferritin concentrations at time of admission in non-survivors was 728·9–2000·0 ng/mL, and the median ferritin did not exceed 2000·0 ng/mL until 16 days after symptom onset, when most patients had experienced acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring intubation. Other HScore criteria such as hypertriglyceridaemia, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and bone marrow haemophagocytosis are not reported in most cohort studies of COVID-19. Finally, high fevers are weighted heavily in the HScore; however, temperature above 39·0°C does not distinguish between patients with moderate versus severe COVID-19.4Chen G Wu D Guo W et al.Clinical and immunologic features in severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019.J Clin Invest. 2020; (published online March 27.)DOI:10.1172/JCI137244Crossref Scopus (3377) Google Scholar In summary, although we agree that the detection and management of hyperinflammatory states in COVID-19 is important, we recommend against using the HScore due to a potential lack of sensitivity. We declare no competing interests.
Religious Service Attendance and Despair Among Health Professionals—A Catalyst for New Avenues of Inquiry
Authors: Marino A. Bruce, Keith C. Norris, Roland J. Thorpe
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Quantitative chemical imaging of breast calcifications in association with neoplastic processes
Authors: Kseniya S. Shin, Mint Laohajaratsang, Shuaiqian Men, Benjamin Figueroa, Suzanne M. Dintzis, Dan Fu
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Calcifications play an essential role in early breast cancer detection and diagnosis. However, information regarding the chemical composition of calcifications identified on mammography and histology is limited. Detailed spectroscopy reveals an association between the chemical composition of calcifications and breast cancer, warranting the development of novel analytical tools to better define calcification types. Previous investigations average calcification composition across broad tissue sections with no spatially resolved information or provide qualitative visualization, which prevents a robust linking of specific spatially resolved changes in calcification chemistry with the pathologic process. Method: To visualize breast calcification chemical composition at high spatial resolution, we apply hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy to study breast calcifications associated with a spectrum of breast changes ranging from benign to neoplastic processes, including atypical ductal hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ, and invasive ductal carcinoma. The carbonate content of individual breast calcifications is quantified using a simple ratiometric analysis. Results: Our findings reveal that intra-sample calcification carbonate content is closely associated with local pathological processes. Single calcification analysis supports previous studies demonstrating decreasing average carbonate level with increasing malignant potential. Sensitivity and specificity reach >85% when carbonate content level is used as the single differentiator in separating benign from neoplastic processes. However, the average carbonate content is limiting when trying to separate specific diagnostic categories, such as fibroadenoma and invasive ductal carcinoma. Second harmonic generation (SHG) data can provide critical information to bridge this gap. Conclusion: SRS, combined with SHG, can be a valuable tool in better understanding calcifications in carcinogenesis, diagnosis, and possible prognosis. This study not only reveals previously unknown large variations of breast microcalcifications in association with local malignancy but also corroborates the clinical value of linking microcalcification chemistry to breast malignancy. More importantly, it represents an important step in the development of a label-free imaging strategy for breast cancer diagnosis with tremendous potential to address major challenges in diagnostic discordance in pathology.
A phase I/II study of OTSGC-A24 combined peptide vaccine in advanced gastric cancer.
Authors: Wei-Peng Yong, Masahiro Katsuda, Koji Kono, Hiroki Yamaue, Sun Young Rha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

65 Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and optimal dosing schedule of a HLA-restricted cancer vaccine cocktail, OTSGC-A24 targeting novel specific tumor antigens FOXM1, DEPDC1, KIF20A, URLC10 and VEGFR1 in advanced gastric cancer patients with HLA-2402 haplotype. Methods: The vaccine was administered subcutaneously at 3-weekly, 2-weekly and weekly interval. In the first phase, 3 evaluable patients were treated in each dose cohort. The decision to expand the 2-weekly and weekly cohort to 10 patients per cohort was based on specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) induction rate using ELISPOT assay 4 weeks after vaccination. Results: The vaccine was well tolerated at all dose cohorts. The most common toxicity seen was skin induration at the injection sites. No DLT was observed. One patient developed G2 interstitial pneumonitis, 6 months after initiation of treatment. Stable disease was seen in 4 of 9 evaluable patients. The specific CTL induction can be observed at 4 weeks post vaccination with the highest (&gt;2 of 3) observed in the weekly and 2-weekly cohorts. One of 3 patients in the 3-weekly cohort achieved specific CTL response at 4 weeks post vaccination, although all patients attained specific CTL response by 12 weeks after vaccination. Conclusions: OTSGC-A24 combined peptide vaccine was well tolerated. At 4 weeks post vaccination, the CTL induction rate is superior in the weekly and 2-weekly cohort. Efficacy data of the expanded cohorts will be presented. Clinical trial information: NCT01227772.
Oncogenic states dictate the prognostic and predictive connotations of intratumoral immune response
Authors: Jessica Roelands, Wouter Hendrickx, Gabriele Zoppoli, Raghvendra Mall, Mohamad Saad, Kyle Halliwill, Giuseppe Curigliano, Darawan Rinchai, Julie Decock, Lucia G Delogu, Tolga Turan, Josue Samayoa, Lotfi Chouchane, Alberto Ballestrero, Ena Wang, Pascal Finetti, Francois Bertucci, Lance D Miller, Jerome Galon, Francesco M Marincola, Peter J K Kuppen, Michele Ceccarelli, Davide Bedognetti
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Background An immune active cancer phenotype typified by a T helper 1 (Th-1) immune response has been associated with increased responsiveness to immunotherapy and favorable prognosis in some but not all cancer types. The reason of this differential prognostic connotation remains unknown. Methods To explore the contextual prognostic value of cancer immune phenotypes, we applied a multimodal pan-cancer analysis among 31 different histologies (9282 patients), encompassing immune and oncogenic transcriptomic analysis, mutational and neoantigen load and copy number variations. Results We demonstrated that the favorable prognostic connotation conferred by the presence of a Th-1 immune response was abolished in tumors displaying specific tumor-cell intrinsic attributes such as high transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling and low proliferation capacity. This observation was independent of mutation rate. We validated this observation in the context of immune checkpoint inhibition. WNT- β catenin, barrier molecules, Notch, hedgehog, mismatch repair, telomerase activity and AMPK signaling were the pathways most coherently associated with an immune silent phenotype together with mutations of driver genes including IDH1/2, FOXA2, HDAC3, PSIP1, MAP3K1, KRAS, NRAS, EGFR, FGFR3, WNT5A and IRF7 . Conclusions This is the first systematic study demonstrating that the prognostic and predictive role of a bona fide favorable intratumoral immune response is dependent on the disposition of specific oncogenic pathways. This information could be used to refine stratification algorithms and prioritize hierarchically relevant targets for combination therapies.
PET in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Marcus Ruhlmann, Verena Ruhlmann
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Molecular imaging with PET is very important in the diagnosis and therapy monitoring of neck and head tumors. In this anatomically complex region, it is often only possible to identify the primary tumor with the help of molecular imaging. PET in combination with CT or MRI is also beneficial for the diagnosis of recurrence, especially in cases of postoperative or post-radiogenic changes. Last but not least, molecular iodine imaging has been used for decades in thyroid carcinoma. In the meantime, FDG PET also plays an important role in advanced thyroid carcinoma and in the diagnosis of recurrence. This chapter also deals with the comparison of PET/CT and PET/MRI in head and neck tumors.
TCTAP A-063 Clinical Outcomes of “Full Metal Jacket” Procedure After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Chronic Total Occlusion
Authors: Cheol Hyun Lee, Seung-Jung Park, Seong-Wook Park, Cheol Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Seung-Whan Lee, Duk-Woo Park, Soo-Jin Kang, Jung-Min Ahn, Pil Hyung Lee, Se Hun Kang, Min Soo Cho, Jae Seok Bae, Yu Na Kim, Sung Han Yoon, Do-Yoon Kang, Mineok Chang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Outcomes in Patients With Cardiac Amyloidosis Undergoing Heart Transplantation
Authors: Christopher D. Barrett, Kevin M. Alexander, Hongyu Zhao, Francois Haddad, Paul Cheng, Ronglih Liao, Matthew T. Wheeler, Michaela Liedtke, Stanley Schrier, Sally Arai, Dana Weisshaar, Ronald M. Witteles
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2020)
Importance of the Intention-to-Treat Principle—Reply
Authors: Nitin Goyal, Georgios Tsivgoulis, Adam Arthur
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Abnormal Clones of T Cells Producing Interleukin-5 in Idiopathic Eosinophilia
Authors: Hans-Uwe Simon, Sabine Gisela Plötz, Reinhard Dummer, Kurt Blaser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

The cause of persistent eosinophilia and the hypereosinophilic syndrome is unknown. Recent work suggests that in some patients with the hypereosinophilic syndrome, a clone of abnormal T cells produces large amounts of interleukin-5, a cytokine required for the growth and differentiation of eosinophils. We examined T-cell surface markers, rearranged T-cell–receptor genes, and in vitro production of cytokines by T cells from patients with idiopathic eosinophilia.