tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Methods matter: population attributable fraction (PAF) in sport and exercise medicine
Authors: Ahmad Khosravi, Rasmus Oestergaard Nielsen, Mohammad Ali Mansournia
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

Physical inactivity kills as many people as smoking —a newspaper heading reads1 following a Lancet publication2 suggesting that more than 5 million deaths would be avoided annually if all inactive people exercised. The statistic that provided this data point (5 million deaths) is called the population attributable fraction (PAF).3 PAF is an estimate of the health impact of an exposure (eg, physical inactivity, high-carbohydrate diet) on a health outcome (eg, death, heart attack, onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus).4 Although PAF is widely used in public health research, it is not yet well known in the sport and exercise medicine and physiotherapy settings. A search of the Pubmed database in December 2019 using the strings ‘PAF AND sports medicine’ or ‘PAF AND sports injury’ identified 12 hits and one hit, respectively. We believe that PAF will be of interest to those members of the BJSM community who work in physical activity/prevention research.

In the sports injury context, PAF may be used to identify the proportion of a certain injury attributed to a certain exposure. For instance, scientists may be interested to know the attributable fraction of bicycle-related head injuries in the population due to non-helmet use.5 Other examples include the sport medicine researcher interested in estimating the PAF of knee injuries as risk factor for knee osteoarthritis or knee replacement in footballers.6 In this case, they can calculate the proportion of knee osteoarthritis or knee replacement cases as long consequence of knee injury that will be prevented in footballers if they receive ‘the 11+’ prevention programme.7 8 In another example in this context, the coaches interested knowing how many injuries will be prevented in volleyball players with additional training sessions.9 Finally, policy makers may be interested in estimating the PAF using artificial turf as …
Adherence to corticosteroids and clinical outcomes in mepolizumab therapy for severe asthma
Authors: Gráinne d'Ancona, Joanne Kavanagh, Cris Roxas, Linda Green, Mariana Fernandes, Louise Thomson, Jaideep Dhariwal, Alexandra M. Nanzer, David J. Jackson, Brian D. Kent
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Introduction Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) achieve disease control in the majority of asthmatic patients, although adherence to prescribed ICS is often poor. Patients with severe eosinophilic asthma may require treatment with oral corticosteroids (OCS) and/or biologic agents such as mepolizumab. It is unknown if ICS adherence changes on, or alters clinical response to, biologic therapy. Methods We examined ICS adherence and clinical outcomes in OCS-dependent severe eosinophilic asthma patients who completed 1 year of mepolizumab therapy. The ICS medicines possession ratio (MPR) was calculated (the number of doses of ICS issued on prescription/expected number) for the year before and the year after biologic initiation. Good adherence was defined as MPR &gt;0.75, intermediate 0.74–0.51 and poor &lt;0.5. We examined outcomes after 12 months of biologic therapy, including OCS reduction and annualised exacerbation rate (AER), stratified by adherence to ICS on mepolizumab. Results Out of 109 patients commencing mepolizumab, 91 who had completed 12 months of treatment were included in the final analysis. While receiving mepolizumab, 68% had good ICS adherence, with 16 (18%) having poor ICS adherence. ICS use within the cohort remained similar before (MPR 0.81±0.32) and during mepolizumab treatment (0.82±0.32; p=0.78). Patients with good adherence had greater reductions in OCS dose (median (interquartile range) OCS reduction 100 (74–100)% versus 60 (27–100)%; p=0.031) and exacerbations (AER change −2.1±3.1 versus 0.3±2.5; p=0.011) than those with poor adherence. Good ICS adherence predicted the likelihood of stopping maintenance OCS (adjusted OR 3.19, 95% CI 1.02–9.94; p=0.045). Conclusion ICS nonadherence is common in severe eosinophilic asthma patients receiving mepolizumab, and is associated with a lesser reduction in OCS requirements and AER.
Abstract 15337: Rural versus Urban Areas: Mortality Differences in the United States Among Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Gian Lima, Kathir Balakumaran, Agnes Kim
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: ST-elevation myocardial infarction is a condition that requires complex care coordination and timely treatment that can be challenging in areas with limited access to medical services. ...
Improved reporting of overuse injuries and health problems in sport: an update of the Oslo Sport Trauma Research Center questionnaires
Authors: Benjamin Clarsen, Roald Bahr, Grethe Myklebust, Stig Haugsboe Andersson, Sean Iain Docking, Michael Drew, Caroline F Finch, Lauren Victoria Fortington, Joar Harøy, Karim M Khan, Bill Moreau, Isabel S Moore, Merete Møller, Dustin Nabhan, Rasmus Oestergaard Nielsen, Kati Pasanen, Martin Schwellnus, Torbjørn Soligard, Evert Verhagen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

In 2013, the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire (OSTRC-O) was developed to record the magnitude, symptoms and consequences of overuse injuries in sport. Shortly afterwards, a modified version of the OSTRC-O was developed to capture all types of injuries and illnesses—The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H). Since then, users from a range of research and clinical environments have identified areas in which these questionnaires may be improved. Therefore, the structure and content of the questionnaires was reviewed by an international panel consisting of the original developers, other user groups and experts in sports epidemiology and applied statistical methodology. Following a review panel meeting in October 2017, several changes were made to the questionnaires, including minor wording alterations, changes to the content of one question and the addition of questionnaire logic. In this paper, we present the updated versions of the questionnaires (OSTRC-O2 and OSTRC-H2), assess the likely impact of the updates on future data collection and discuss practical issues related to application of the questionnaires. We believe this update will improve respondent adherence and improve the quality of collected data.
Tuned near infrared fluorescent hyaluronic acid conjugates for delivery to pancreatic cancer for intraoperative imaging
Authors: Bowen Qi, Ayrianne J. Crawford, Nicholas E. Wojtynek, Geoffrey A. Talmon, Michael A. Hollingsworth, Quan P. Ly, Aaron M. Mohs
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

The prognosis of pancreatic cancer remains poor. Intraoperative fluorescence imaging of tumors could improve staging and surgical resection, thereby improving prognosis. However, imaging pancreatic cancer with macromolecular delivery systems, is often hampered by nonspecific organ accumulation. Methods: We describe the rational development of hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugates that vary in molecular weight and are conjugated to near infrared fluorescent (NIRF) dyes that have differences in hydrophilicity, serum protein binding affinity, and clearance mechanism. We systematically investigated the roles of each of these properties on tumor accumulation, relative biodistribution, and the impact of intraoperative imaging of orthotopic, syngeneic pancreatic cancer. Results: Each HA-NIRF conjugate displayed intrapancreatic tumor enhancement. Regardless of HA molecular weight, Cy7.5 conjugation directed biodistribution to the liver, spleen, and bowels. Conjugation of IRDye800 to 5 and 20 kDa HA resulted in low liver and spleen signal while enhancing the tumor up to 14-fold compared to healthy pancreas, while 100 kDa HA conjugated to IRDye800 resulting in liver and spleen accumulation. Conclusion: These studies demonstrate that by tuning HA molecular weight and the physicochemical properties of the conjugated moiety, in this case a NIRF probe, peritoneal biodistribution can be substantially altered to achieve optimized delivery to tumors intraoperative abdominal imaging.
Abstract P3-08-19: Biomarkers associated with dcis related breast cancer death
Authors: Charlotta Wadsten, Johan Hartman, Irma Fredriksson, Hans Garmo, Fredrik Wärnberg, Malin Sund
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Introduction In primary ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast (DCIS) tumour biological features associated with risk of invasive recurrence and metastasis may already be present at the pre-invasive stage. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of biological markers in DCIS and the risk of subsequent breast cancer death. Patients and methods A nested case-control study was conducted in a population based cohort of women diagnosed with primary DCIS between 1992 and 2012. Women who later died from breast cancer were identified. Four controls per case were selected randomly by incidence density sampling from the same cohort. Tumour blocks were retrieved for histopathological reevaluation and immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) of Oestrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), Human Epidermal Growth Receptor 2 (HER2) and Ki67 expression. Odds ratios (OR) for risk of breast cancer death with 95% CI was calculated using conditional logistic regression. Results From a cohort of 6964 women with primary DCIS, tumour specimens were available for 66 patients who died from breast cancer and these were compared to samples from 195 controls. DCIS with intense lymphocytic infiltration was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer related death in univariate analysis (OR 2.25; 95%CI 1.02-4.99). None of the biomarkers were individually related to increased risk. In multivariable analysis and stepwise adjusting for age, tumour size and treatment; PR negativity in combination with lymphocytic infiltration (OR 4.40; 95%CI 1.20-16.14), PR negativity, lymphocytic infiltration and presence of comedonecrosis (OR 5.48; 95%CI 1.71-17.57) and the combination of PR negativity, lymphocytic infiltration, comedonecrosis and HER2 positivity (OR 7.54; 95%CI 2.00-28.43) were all independently associated with increased risk of breast cancer related death. Conclusion In the present study, the combination of PR negativity and periductal lymphocytic infiltration was associated with risk of breast cancer related death after primary DCIS. Combining biomarker expressions in DCIS with features in the peritumoural stroma may be useful tools for prognostication. Citation Format: Charlotta Wadsten, Johan Hartman, Irma Fredriksson, Hans Garmo, Fredrik Wärnberg, Malin Sund. Biomarkers associated with dcis related breast cancer death [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-08-19.
Denosumab salvage therapy in a patient with a locally advanced and refractory sellar giant cell tumour of bone
Authors: Pedro Marques, Natasha M Appelman-Dijkstra, Hans Gelderblom, Mark C Kruit, Wouter R van Furth, Alberto M Pereira, Nienke R Biermasz
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2020)
The Immune Microenvironment and Neoantigen Landscape of Aggressive Salivary Gland Carcinomas Differ by Subtype
Authors: Maximilian Linxweiler, Fengshen Kuo, Nora Katabi, Mark Lee, Zaineb Nadeem, Martin G. Dalin, Vladimir Makarov, Diego Chowell, Snjezana Dogan, Ian Ganly, A. Ari Hakimi, Richard J. Wong, Nadeem Riaz, Alan L. Ho, Timothy A. Chan, Luc G.T. Morris
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Salivary gland carcinomas (SGC) are rare, aggressive cancers with high rates of recurrence and distant metastasis. These factors, and a lack of active systemic therapies, contribute to poor clinical outcome. Response rates with immune checkpoint blockade have been low, although clinical data remain sparse. To improve the efficacy of therapies, a more comprehensive understanding of relevant molecular alterations and immunologic processes is needed.To characterize the immune microenvironment and neoantigen landscape of SGCs, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in 76 tumors representing the three most lethal histologies: adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), myoepithelial carcinoma (MECA), and salivary duct carcinoma (SDC). We analyzed transcriptomic profiles, tumor-infiltrating immune cell populations, and measures of T-cell activation/dysfunction. In 37 cases also undergoing exome sequencing, we analyzed somatic mutations and neoantigens.SDCs exhibited high levels of immune infiltration, with corresponding higher levels of T-cell dysfunction, and higher mutational load. In contrast, ACCs were characterized by an immune-excluded microenvironment, the presence of M2-polarized macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and very low mutational load. MECAs were more heterogeneous, with both immune-low and immune-high phenotypes represented. Across all SGCs, levels of immune infiltration were associated with mutation- and fusion-derived neoantigens, and with aggressive clinical behavior.These findings provide new insights into the immune microenvironment and neoantigen landscape of SGCs, showing that mechanisms of immune escape appear to differ by histology. These data nominate potential immunologic vulnerabilities and may help guide the next steps of investigation in precision immunotherapy for these difficult-to-treat cancers.
Supply Chain Optimization and Waste Reduction
Authors: Eli M. Cahan, Amanda Chawla, Kevin G. Shea
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Indicators of retention in remote digital health studies: a cross-study evaluation of 100,000 participants
Authors: Abhishek Pratap, Elias Chaibub Neto, Phil Snyder, Carl Stepnowsky, Noémie Elhadad, Daniel Grant, Matthew H. Mohebbi, Sean Mooney, Christine Suver, John Wilbanks, Lara Mangravite, Patrick J. Heagerty, Pat Areán, Larsson Omberg
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2020)

Digital technologies such as smartphones are transforming the way scientists conduct biomedical research. Several remotely conducted studies have recruited thousands of participants over a span of a few months allowing researchers to collect real-world data at scale and at a fraction of the cost of traditional research. Unfortunately, remote studies have been hampered by substantial participant attrition, calling into question the representativeness of the collected data including generalizability of outcomes. We report the findings regarding recruitment and retention from eight remote digital health studies conducted between 2014-2019 that provided individual-level study-app usage data from more than 100,000 participants completing nearly 3.5 million remote health evaluations over cumulative participation of 850,000 days. Median participant retention across eight studies varied widely from 2-26 days (median across all studies = 5.5 days). Survival analysis revealed several factors significantly associated with increase in participant retention time, including (i) referral by a clinician to the study (increase of 40 days in median retention time); (ii) compensation for participation (increase of 22 days, 1 study); (iii) having the clinical condition of interest in the study (increase of 7 days compared with controls); and (iv) older age (increase of 4 days). Additionally, four distinct patterns of daily app usage behavior were identified by unsupervised clustering, which were also associated with participant demographics. Most studies were not able to recruit a sample that was representative of the race/ethnicity or geographical diversity of the US. Together these findings can help inform recruitment and retention strategies to enable equitable participation of populations in future digital health research.
Trends in Characteristics and Outcomes of Hospital Inpatients Undergoing Coronary Revascularization in the United States, 2003-2016
Authors: Mohamad Alkhouli, Fahad Alqahtani, Ankur Kalra, Sameer Gafoor, Mohamed Alhajji, Mohammed Alreshidan, David R. Holmes, Amir Lerman
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Data on the contemporary changes in risk profile and outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary bypass grafting (CABG) are limited.To assess the contemporary trends in the characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing PCI or CABG in the United States.This retrospective cohort study used a national inpatient claims-based database to identify patients undergoing PCI or CABG from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2016. Data analysis was performed from July 15 to October 4, 2019.Demographic characteristics, prevalence of risk factors, and clinical presentation divided into 3 eras (2003-2007, 2008-2012, and 2013-2016) and in-hospital mortality of PCI and CABG stratified by clinical indication.A total of 12 062 081 revascularization hospitalizations were identified: 8 687 338 PCIs (72.0%; mean [SD] patient age, 66.0 [10.8] years; 66.2% male) and 3 374 743 CABGs (28.0%; mean [SD] patient age, 64.5 [12.4] years; 72.1% male). The annual PCI volume decreased from 366 to 180 per 100 000 US adults and the annual CABG volume from 159 to 82 per 100 000 US adults. A temporal increase in the proportions of older, male, nonwhite, and lower-income patients and in the prevalence of atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic risk factors was found in both groups. The percentage of revascularization for myocardial infarction (MI) increased in the PCI group (22.8% to 53.1%) and in the CABG group (19.5% to 28.2%). Risk-adjusted mortality increased slightly after PCI for ST-segment elevation MI (4.9% to 5.3%; P < .001 for trend) and unstable angina or stable ischemic heart disease (0.8% to 1.0%; P < .001 for trend) but remained stable after PCI for non-ST-segment elevation MI (1.6% to 1.6%; P = .18 for trend). Risk-adjusted CABG morality markedly decreased in patients with MI (5.6% to 3.4% for all CABG and 4.8% to 3.0% for isolated CABG) and in those without MI (2.8% to 1.7% for all CABG and 2.1% to 1.2% for isolated CABG) (P < .001 for all).Significant changes were found in the characteristics of patients undergoing PCI and CABG in the United States between 2003 and 2016. Risk-adjusted mortality decreased significantly after CABG but not after PCI across all clinical indications.
Plasma cell leukemia: A SEER database analysis
Authors: G. Ramsingh, P. Mehan, J. Luo, R. Vij, D. Morgensztern
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

8605 Background: Primary plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare plasma cell disorder with clinical information limited to small series of patients. Methods: We analyzed the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database to evaluate the patient characteristic and survival data for patients with PCL. Patients were divided into cohorts based upon age, gender, race and time period of diagnosis. Kaplan-Meier product limit method was used to estimate survival functions for group in each risk factor. Demographics and survival over different periods of time from 1973 and 2004 were compared with multiple myeloma. Results: Among the 291 patients with PCL, median age was 67 years (range 19–98), and the male/female distribution was equal and the most common race was white (79.4%). Median overall survival (OS) and disease specific survivals (DSS, defined by interval from diagnosis to the event of death from PCL) were 4 months and 6 months respectively. The 1 year, 2 year and 5 year overall survival rates were 22.7%, 10.2% and 3.8% respectively. The survival did not differ between gender and race. Patients ≤60 years had a better median overall survival compared to older patients (median OS: 7 months Vs 3 months, p=0.007), although 5-year overall survival was equally poor for either group (6.9% Vs 6.7%). During the same period, we identified 49,106 patients with MM. Demographics for MM showed a slightly increased median age of 70 years, but similar race and gender distribution. Unlike MM, where there has been a modest but statistically significant survival improvement over time, both OS and DSS remained stable in PCL ( Table ). Conclusions: This is the largest study to analyze demographic and survival data on patients with PCL. The poor long term outcome and the lack of improvement in survival of patients with PCL despite small gains in MM suggest a more aggressive disease, for which further therapeutic agents are needed. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Long-term unsupervised mobility assessment in movement disorders
Authors: Elke Warmerdam, Jeffrey M Hausdorff, Arash Atrsaei, Yuhan Zhou, Anat Mirelman, Kamiar Aminian, Alberto J Espay, Clint Hansen, Luc J W Evers, Andreas Keller, Claudine Lamoth, Andrea Pilotto, Lynn Rochester, Gerhard Schmidt, Bastiaan R Bloem, Walter Maetzler
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2020)