tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aligned chitosan nanofiber hydrogel grafted with peptides mimicking bioactive brain-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor repair long-distance sciatic nerve defects in rats
Authors: Feng Rao, Yanhua Wang, Dianying Zhang, Changfeng Lu, Zheng Cao, Jiajie Sui, Mengjiao Wu, Yawen Zhang, Wei Pi, Bo Wang, Yuhui Kou, Xiumei Wang, Peixun Zhang, Baoguo Jiang
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Autologous nerve transplantation, which is the gold standard for clinical treatment of peripheral nerve injury, still has many limitations.In this study, aligned chitosan fiber hydrogel (ACG) grafted with a bioactive peptide mixture consisting of RGI (Ac-RGIDKRHWNSQGG) and KLT (Ac-KLTWQELYQLKYKGIGG), designated as ACG-RGI/KLT, was used as nerve conduit filler to repair sciatic nerve defects in rats.Methods: Chitosan nanofiber hydrogel was prepared by a combination of electrospinning and mechanical stretching methods, and was then grafted with RGI and KLT, which are peptides mimicking brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), respectively.The physicochemical properties of ACG-RGI/KLT were fully characterized.In vitro, the distribution, proliferation, and secretory activity of Schwann cells were analyzed.Next, the in vivo repair potential for 15-mm rat sciatic nerve defects was examined.The recovery of regenerated nerve, muscle, and motor function was evaluated by neuromuscular histology, electrophysiology, and catwalk gait analysis.Results: We first constructed directionally aligned chitosan nanofiber hydrogel grafted with RGI/KLT peptide mixture (ACG-RGI/KLT).ACG-RGI/KLT oriented the Schwann cells, and promoted the proliferation and secretion of neurotrophic factors by Schwann cells.At an early injury stage, ACG-RGI/KLT not only enhanced nerve regeneration, but also promoted vascular penetration.At 12 weeks, ACG-RGI/KLT facilitated nerve regeneration and functional recovery in rats.Conclusions: Aligned chitosan nanofiber hydrogel grafted with RGI/KLT peptide provides an effective means of repairing sciatic nerve defects and shows great potential for clinical application.
Abstract 438: Synchronization of Chest Compressions During Pseudo Electro-Mechanical Dissociation Improves Blood Pressures Relative to Standard Chest Compressions
Authors: Joshua W Lampe, Jeff R Gould, Karen L Moodie, Zachary P Soucy, Peter S Burrage, Norman A Paradis
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: The treatment of pseudo electro-mechanical dissociation (P-EMD) with standard chest compressions leads to periods where the chest compressions and heart-beat are in phase and periods where the chest compression and heart-beat are out of phase. We hypothesized that synchronized chest compressions will improve hemodynamics relative to standardized chest compressions during P-EMD. Methods: Eight animals underwent surgical preparation and were exposed to hypoxia to induce P-EMD. The treatment period was divided into eight 45 sec epochs during which the P-EMD was left untreated or was treated with standard chest compressions or chest compressions synchronized to the R-wave in the ECG. For each epoch of CPR in each animal, we measured the rate of change in the hemodynamics over the last half of the epoch using linear regression. ANOVA modeling was used to compare changes in hemodynamics as a function of treatment. Results: The rate of change in coronary perfusion pressure (CPP), minimum right atrial pressure (RAPmin), and maximum right atrial pressure (RAPmax) was larger during synchronized compressions than during standard compressions or untreated P-EMD. The rate of change in AOPmin was larger during both treatments than during untreated P-EMD. Other differences in the rate of change were not detected between standard chest compressions and untreated P-EMD. Numerical results are shown in the table below. RAPmax decreased over time, while the other measures increased. Conclusions: Synchronized chest compressions improved several blood pressure metrics over time during P-EMD, while standardized chest compressions only improved AOPmin. While some of the changes are modest, they were sustained over 20 seconds, suggesting that continued delivery of synchronized chest compressions could result in clinically meaningful improvement in blood pressures. Table 1. ANOVA comparison of blood pressures as a function of treatment
The Legacy of Environmental Policies—Are We Doing Enough?
Authors: Marissa Hauptman, Blair J. Wylie
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Secondary neutropenia (SN) after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) in patients (pts) with lymphoma.
Authors: Sunita Nathan, John Joseph Maciejewski, Elizabeth Shima Rich, Parameswaran Venugopal, Kent W. Christopherson, Stephanie A. Gregory, Henry C. Fung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

6552 Background: Plerixafor for mobilization of autologous stem cells (ASC) has increased the yield of transplanted ASC and is evolving as an important option for mobilization. A prior study reported a 10% incidence of SN after AHSCT (BMT 2009 Aug; 44(3): 175-83). Incidence and outcome of SN in the setting of Plerixafor/G-CSF (P/G), is unknown. We report the incidence and possible etiology for the development of SN in pts undergoing AHSCT for lymphoma at our institution. Methods: Data from 80 consecutive AHSCT pts over a 2 year period were reviewed. All pts were mobilized using P/G. Demographics, AHSCT indication, prior therapies (Rx), conditioning regimen (CR), engraftment and post-transplant complications were identified and collected. SN was defined as ANC &lt;1000 after initial engraftment. Results: 80 pts underwent an AHSCT for lymphoma from 2009-11. 70 pts had evaluable data. 37 (52.86%) pts (average age 55.4 yrs) were male and 33 (47.14%) pts (average age 48.3 yrs) female. 25 (35.7%) pts had ≥2 comorbidities. Indications included relapsed/ refractory B-NHL, T-NHL and HL. 47 (67%) pts had Stage IV ds, 48.9% with BM involvement. 17 (24.3%) pts had &gt;2 Rx, 18 (25.7%) with loco-regional XRT and 3 (4.3%) with RIT. CR included BEAM, BEC and Benda-EAM +/- Rituxan. # of CD34+ cells given ranged; 1.77-19.99 x 10^6/kg. Neutrophil engraftment occurred at a median of 11 days. 26 (37.14%) pts developed SN possibly from PCP prophylactic antibiotics and infections. Prior BM involvement, Rx or XRT had no role. 5 (45.4%) pts with Benda-EAM CR had SN. Associated morbidity/mortality were not noted. Conclusions: We conclude that secondary neutropenia is common after autologous stem cell transplant using the Plerixafor/GCSF combination for mobilization and is higher than reported in the literature (37% vs 10%). Patients who received this combination for mobilization should be followed up closely in the post-transplant period for secondary neutropenia. About half the patients who received the Benda-EAM conditioning regimen developed secondary neutropenia warranting its use with caution outside of a clinical trial.
Gut dysbiosis induces the development of pre-eclampsia through bacterial translocation
Authors: Xia Chen, Pan Li, Mian Liu, Huimin Zheng, Yan He, Mu-Xuan Chen, Wenli Tang, Xiaojing Yue, Yongxin Huang, Lingling Zhuang, Zhijian Wang, Mei Zhong, Guibao Ke, Haoyue Hu, Yinglin Feng, Yun Chen, Yanhong Yu, Hongwei Zhou, Liping Huang
Journal: Gut (2020)

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is one of the malignant metabolic diseases that complicate pregnancy. Gut dysbiosis has been identified for causing metabolic diseases, but the role of gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of PE remains unknown.We performed a case-control study to compare the faecal microbiome of PE and normotensive pregnant women by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing. To address the causative relationship between gut dysbiosis and PE, we used faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in an antibiotic-treated mouse model. Finally, we determined the microbiome translocation and immune responses in human and mouse placental samples by 16S rRNA sequencing, quantitative PCR and in situ hybridisation.Patients with PE showed reduced bacterial diversity with obvious dysbiosis. Opportunistic pathogens, particularly Fusobacterium and Veillonella, were enriched, whereas beneficial bacteria, including Faecalibacterium and Akkermansia, were markedly depleted in the PE group. The abundances of these discriminative bacteria were correlated with blood pressure (BP), proteinuria, aminotransferase and creatinine levels. On successful colonisation, the gut microbiome from patients with PE triggered a dramatic, increased pregestational BP of recipient mice, which further increased after gestation. In addition, the PE-transplanted group showed increased proteinuria, embryonic resorption and lower fetal and placental weights. Their T regulatory/helper-17 balance in the small intestine and spleen was disturbed with more severe intestinal leakage. In the placenta of both patients with PE and PE-FMT mice, the total bacteria, Fusobacterium, and inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly increased.This study suggests that the gut microbiome of patients with PE is dysbiotic and contributes to disease pathogenesis.
Palliative Care and End-of-Life Outcomes Following High-risk Surgery
Authors: Maria Yefimova, Rebecca A. Aslakson, Lingyao Yang, Ariadna Garcia, Derek Boothroyd, Randall C. Gale, Karleen Giannitrapani, Arden M. Morris, Jason M. Johanning, Scott Shreve, Melissa W. Wachterman, Karl A. Lorenz
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

Palliative care has the potential to improve care for patients and families undergoing high-risk surgery.To characterize the use of perioperative palliative care and its association with family-reported end-of-life experiences of patients who died within 90 days of a high-risk surgical operation.This secondary analysis of administrative data from a retrospective cross-sectional patient cohort was conducted in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System. Patients who underwent any of 227 high-risk operations between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2015, were included.Palliative-care consultation within 30 days before or 90 days after surgery.The outcomes were family-reported ratings of overall care, communication, and support in the patient's last month of life. The VA surveyed all families of inpatient decedents using the Bereaved Family Survey, a valid and reliable tool that measures patient and family-centered end-of-life outcomes.A total of 95 204 patients underwent high-risk operations in 129 inpatient VA Medical Centers. Most patients were 65 years or older (69 278 [72.8%]), and the most common procedures were cardiothoracic (31 157 [32.7%]) or vascular (23 517 [24.7%]). The 90-day mortality rate was 6.0% (5740 patients) and varied by surgical subspecialty (ranging from 278 of 7226 [3.8%] in urologic surgery to 875 of 6223 patients [14.1%] in neurosurgery). A multivariate mixed model revealed that families of decedents who received palliative care were 47% more likely to rate overall care in the last month of life as excellent than those who did not (odds ratio [OR], 1.47 [95% CI, 1.14-1.88]; P = .007), after adjusting for patient's characteristics, surgical subspecialty of the high-risk operation, and survey nonresponse. Similarly, families of decedents who received palliative care were more likely to rate end-of-life communication (OR, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.09-1.87]; P = .004) and support (OR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.01-1.71]; P = .05) components of medical care as excellent. Of the entire cohort, 3374 patients (3.75%) had a palliative care consultation, and 770 patients (0.8%) received it before surgery. Of all decedents, 1632 (29.9%) had a palliative care consultation, with 319 (5.6%) receiving it before surgery.Receipt of a palliative consultation was associated with better ratings of overall end-of-life care, communication, and support, as reported by families of patients who died within 90 days of high-risk surgery. Yet only one-third of decedents was exposed to palliative care. Expanding integration of perioperative palliative care may benefit patients undergoing high-risk operations and their families.
Factors associated with economic burden among cancer patients with minor children: A cross-sectional web-based survey of an online cancer community
Authors: M. Yuki, K. Kosugi, Y. Nishiguchi, T. Miura, D. Fujisawa, Y. Uehara, T. Kawaguchi, K. Izumi, J. Takehana, Y. Matsumoto
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Confirming the Bidirectional Nature of the Association Between Severe Hypoglycemic and Cardiovascular Events in Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From EXSCEL
Authors: Eberhard Standl, Susanna R. Stevens, Yuliya Lokhnygina, M. Angelyn Bethel, John B. Buse, Stephanie M. Gustavson, Aldo P. Maggioni, Robert J. Mentz, Adrian F. Hernandez, Rury R. Holman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

We sought to confirm a bidirectional association between severe hypoglycemic events (SHEs) and cardiovascular (CV) event risk and to characterize individuals at dual risk.In a post hoc analysis of 14,752 Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL) participants, we examined time-dependent associations between SHEs and subsequent major adverse cardiac events (CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction [MI] or stroke), fatal/nonfatal MI, fatal/nonfatal stroke, hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome (hACS), hospitalization for heart failure (hHF), and all-cause mortality (ACM), as well as time-dependent associations between nonfatal CV events and subsequent SHEs.SHEs were uncommon and not associated with once-weekly exenatide therapy (hazard ratio 1.13 [95% CI 0.94-1.36], P = 0.179). In fully adjusted models, SHEs were associated with an increased risk of subsequent ACM (1.83 [1.38-2.42], P < 0.001), CV death (1.60 [1.11-2.30], P = 0.012), and hHF (2.09 [1.37-3.17], P = 0.001), while nonfatal MI (2.02 [1.35-3.01], P = 0.001), nonfatal stroke (2.30 [1.25-4.23], P = 0.007), hACS (2.00 [1.39-2.90], P < 0.001), and hHF (3.24 [1.98-5.30], P < 0.001) were all associated with a subsequent increased risk of SHEs. The elevated bidirectional time-dependent hazards linking SHEs and a composite of all CV events were approximately constant over time, with those individuals at dual risk showing higher comorbidity scores compared with those without.These findings, showing greater risk of SHEs after CV events as well as greater risk of CV events after SHEs, validate a bidirectional relationship between CV events and SHEs in patients with high comorbidity scores.
Osimertinib for Patients With Leptomeningeal Metastases Associated With EGFR T790M-Positive Advanced NSCLC: The AURA Leptomeningeal Metastases Analysis
Authors: Myung-Ju Ahn, Chao-Hua Chiu, Ying Cheng, Ji-Youn Han, Sarah B. Goldberg, Alastair Greystoke, Jeffrey Crawford, Yanqiu Zhao, Xiangning Huang, Martin Johnson, Karthick Vishwanathan, James W.T. Yates, Andrew P. Brown, Ariadna Mendoza-Naranjo, Tony Mok
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)

Osimertinib has shown promising activity in patients with leptomeningeal metastases (LMs) of EGFR-positive NSCLC at 160 mg once daily (qd) (BLOOM; NCT02228369). We report LM activity with osimertinib (80 mg qd) in a retrospective analysis of studies across the AURA program (AURA extension, AURA2, AURA17, and AURA3).Patients with EGFR T790M-positive advanced NSCLC and progression after previous EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy received osimertinib (80 mg qd). Patients with central nervous system (CNS) metastases (including LMs) were eligible if the lesions were neurologically asymptomatic and stable. Patients with evidence of LMs at the study entry were retrospectively included for the analysis; brain scans were assessed for radiologic LM response by neuroradiologically blinded, independent central review per the modified Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology LM criteria. LM objective response rate, duration of response, progression-free survival, and overall survival were assessed. A longitudinal analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between changes from the baseline in non-CNS tumor sizes and LM responses at each visit of patients in AURA LM and BLOOM studies.For the 22 patients included in the analysis, LM objective response rate was 55% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32-76). Median LM duration of response was not reached (95% CI: 2.8-not calculable [NC]). Median LM progression-free survival and overall survival were 11.1 months (95% CI: 4.6-NC) and 18.8 months (95% CI: 6.3-NC), respectively. The longitudinal analysis revealed similar non-CNS and LM responses between the patients in AURA LM and BLOOM programs.Patients with EGFR T790M-positive NSCLC and radiologically detected LM obtained clinical benefit from osimertinib (80 mg qd).
From Epistemic Trespassing to Transdisciplinary Cooperation: The Role of Expertise in the Identification of Usual Care
Authors: Joseph Michael Vukov, Kit Rempala, Molly Klug, Marley Hornewer
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2020)

Joseph Michael Vukova*, Kit Rempalaa, Molly Kluga & Marley Hornewerba Loyola University Chicago; b University of Michigan
Allergen-specific IgG+ memory B cells are temporally linked to IgE memory responses
Authors: Ilka Hoof, Veronique Schulten, Janice A. Layhadi, Thomas Stranzl, Lars H. Christensen, Sara Herrera de la Mata, Grégory Seumois, Pandurangan Vijayanand, Claus Lundegaard, Kristoffer Niss, Anders Lund, Johanne Ahrenfeldt, Jens Holm, Esther Steveling, Hanisah Sharif, Stephen R. Durham, Björn Peters, Mohamed H. Shamji, Peter S. Andersen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)
Polymyxin B‐Polysaccharide Polyion Nanocomplex with Improved Biocompatibility and Unaffected Antibacterial Activity for Acute Lung Infection Management
Authors: Mengying Chai, Yifan Gao, Jun Liu, Yongyan Deng, Dengfeng Hu, Qiao Jin, Jian Ji
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract The decade‐old antibiotic, polymyxin B (PMB), is regarded as the last line defense against gram‐negative “superbug.” However, the serious nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity strongly obstruct further application of this highly effective antibiotic. Herein, a charge switchable polyion nanocomplex exhibiting pH‐sensitive property is proposed to deliver PMB which is expected to improve the biosafety of PMB on the premise of retaining excellent antibacterial activity. The polyion nanocomplex is prepared through electrostatic interaction of positively charged PMB and negatively charged 2,3‐dimethyl maleic anhydride (DA) grafted chitoligosaccharide (CS). The negative charge of CS‐DA will convert to positive due to the hydrolysis of amide bonds in acidic infectious environment, leading to the disassembly of CS‐DA/PMB nanocomplex and release of PMB. CS‐DA/PMB nanocomplex does not show significant toxicity to mammalian cells while retaining excellent bactericidal capability equivalent to free PMB. The nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity of CS‐DA/PMB dramatically decrease compared to free PMB. Moreover, CS‐DA/PMB nanocomplex exhibits superior bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an acute lung infection mouse model. The pH‐sensitive polyion nanocomplexes may provide a new way to reduce the side effects of highly toxic antibiotics without reducing their intrinsic antibacterial activity, which is the key factor to achieve extensive in vivo clinical applications.
Relation between the disease-free period and body mass index in prostate cancer patients with high-risk prognosis.
Authors: Eduardo Arnoldo Richardet, Perelli Laura, Matias Molina, Romina Brombin, Martin Richardet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e16100 Background: To determine, according to BMI, whether overweight and obesity in patients with high risk prognosis in prostate cancer is associated to a shorter disease-free period. Methods: We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study of the population from Instituto Oncológico de Córdoba, in patients with prostate cancer. Prostatectomized, with a high risk according to the College of American Phathologists Consensus Statement served between the year 2000 and 2010, we observed that 52 patients met these characteristics with a average age of 70.16 years, range of 48-87 and those were divided into two groups according to their BMI in equal or greater value than 26 and in another group those in equal or smaller than 25. Results: From the 52 patients, 27 (51.92%) had a BMI equal or greater than 26, those who experienced relapse, in average, at 25.33 months; while 25 patients (48,08%) had a BMI equal or smaller than 25, with an average relapse time of 28.35 months, presenting a p=0.11 Conclusions: We observed that patients with overweight and obesity had a tendency towards relapse before patients with a normal BMI. Further sample size would be needed to establish statistically significant differences.
Abstract P090: The Effect of Bupropion on Symptoms of Depression Among Patients Attempting to Quit Smoking Post-Myocardial Infarction: The ZESCA Trial
Authors: Kristian B Filion, Sonia M Grandi, Lawrence Joseph, Jennifer O'Loughlin, Gilles Paradis, Louise Pilote, Stéphane Rinfret, Mark J Eisenberg
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Bupropion is a smoking cessation drug that can be prescribed immediately following a myocardial infarction (MI). Depression is prevalent during this period, and bupropion, which can also be prescribed as an anti-depressant, may improve symptoms of depression in this population. Methods: The ZESCA Trial is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that examined the efficacy of bupropion as a smoking cessation therapy in 392 hospitalized MI patients. Treatment duration was 9 weeks, and follow-up was 12 months. Depressive symptomatology was defined by a Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) score &gt; 14. A total of 4 patients were missing baseline BDI-II scores and were excluded from this analysis. Differences in changes in depressive symptomatology from baseline were examined overall and in those with symptoms of depression at baseline. Results: The mean age was 53.9 years (standard deviation [SD] = 10.3), and 84% were male. A total of 20% of patients had depressive symptomatology at baseline. The median BDI-II score was 6.0 (inter-quartile range [IQR] = 2.0, 12.0) overall and 19.0 (16.0, 25.0) among those with depressive symptomatology at baseline. The mean BDI-II score was similar between treatment groups throughout the follow-up period (Figure). Similarly, there were no differences in BDI-II score between treatment groups at baseline or 9 weeks when restricted to those with depressive symptomatology at baseline. In this group, patients randomized to bupropion had a higher BDI-II score at 12 months (bupropion - placebo = 5.98, 95% confidence interval = 0.92, 11.04); the difference is likely due to differential participation at 12 months. At all follow-up visits, there were no differences in change in BDI-II score between treatment groups, both in the overall study population and in those with depressive symptomatology at baseline. Conclusions: Our results suggest that bupropion does not improve symptoms of depression in patients who are attempting to quit smoking post-MI.