tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Mortality of Indigenous Populations Compared With Nonindigenous Populations
Authors: Melissa McLeod, Virginia Signal, Jason Gurney, Diana Sarfati
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

A range of factors have been identified as possible contributors to racial/ethnic differences in postoperative mortality that are also likely to hold true for indigenous populations. Yet despite its severity as an outcome, death in the period following a surgical procedure is underresearched for indigenous populations.To describe postoperative mortality experiences for minority indigenous populations compared with numerically dominant nonindigenous populations and examine the factors that drive any differences observed.This review was conducted according to PRIMSA guidelines and registered on PROSPERO. Articles were identified through searches of the Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases, with manual review of references and gray literature searches conducted. Eligible articles included those that reported associations between ethnicity/indigeneity and mortality up to 90 days following surgery and published in English between January 1, 1990, and March 26, 2019. Data on the study design, setting, participants (including indigeneity), and results were extracted. A modified Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to determine study quality.A total of 442 abstracts were screened, 92 articles were reviewed in full text, and 21 articles (from 20 studies) and 7 reports underwent data extraction. All included studies were cohort studies (3 prospective and the remainder retrospective) investigating a wide range of surgical procedures in the US, Australia, or New Zealand. Seven studies were from single facilities, while the remainder used data from national databases. Sample sizes ranged, with indigenous sample sizes ranging from 20 to 3052 patients and a number of studies reporting less than 10 indigenous deaths. The postoperative mortality experience for minority indigenous populations compared with the nonindigenous populations was mixed. There was evidence from several studies that indigenous populations may be more likely to die following cardiac procedures. However, the available evidence has overall poor study quality, with methods to identify the indigenous populations being a major limitation of most of the studies.Postoperative mortality experiences for indigenous populations should not be interpreted in isolation from the broader context of inequities across the health care pathway and must take into account the quality of data used for indigenous identification.
315. Highly Specific Expression of the Luciferase Gene in Lungs of Naïve Nude Mice Directed by Prostate Specific Antigen Promoter
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The PSA promoter has been demonstrated the utility for tissue-specific toxic gene therapy for prostate cancer models. The characterization of foreign gene overexpression in normal animals elicited by PSA promoter should help evaluate the therapy safety. Here we constructed a adenovirus vector (AdPSA-Luc), containing firefly luciferase (Luc) gene under the control of the 5837 bp long prostate-specific antigen promoter. A charge coupled device (CCD) video camera was used to noninvasively image the expression of luciferase in nude mice on days 3, 7, 11 after injection of 2109 PFU of AdPSA-Luc virus via tail vein. ). On days 3, the weak liver and chest signals could only be detected. On days 7, light signals in the chests and lower abdomens were apparent. The chest signals were emitted by 1.8103 , 1.210 4 and 6.010 4 RLU/min respectively from 3 to 11 days. On days 7, the outlines of lungs were imaged distinctly. As a control, AdCMV-Luc containing CMV promoter and luciferase gene was injected into normal nude mice via tail vein. The strong liver signals (5.310 6 , 3.610 7 and 4.110 7 RLU/min respectively) could be seen from 3 to 11 days after injection. On days 11, mice were sacrificed and isolated organs were imaged. The signals in the chest injected with AdPSA-Luc were found to originate from the lung. The signal in the whole lung from AdPSA-Luc injected mice displayed about 190 fold higher than from AdCMV-Luc injected mice. However, the signals in the isolated livers sacrificed mice injected with AdCMV-Luc appeared about 1.010 5 folds higher than in the lungs while the signals couldn't be detected in the isolated livers from the mice injected with AdPSA-Luc. The result showed highly specific expression of the luciferase gene in lungs of mice from days 7 while AdCMV-Luc just led to high level of luciferase expression in livers. These results may also predict PSA expression in the lungs of normal animals. The finding indicates the possible disadvantage of the suicide gene therapy of prostate cancer based on the selectivity of PSA promoter. By contrary, it has encouraging implications for the further development of vectors via PSA promoter to enable gene therapy for pulmonary disease.
Transdermal Nicotine for Mildly to Moderately Active Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: William J. Sandborn, William J. Tremaine, Kenneth P. Offord, George M. Lawson, Bret T. Petersen, Kenneth P. Batts, Ivana T. Croghan, Lowell C. Dale, Darrell R. Schroeder, Richard D. Hurt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Ulcerative colitis is predominantly a disease of nonsmokers. Transdermal nicotine may help control clinical manifestations of this condition. Objective: To determine the efficacy of tra...
Associations between reproductive factors and biliary tract cancers in women from the Biliary Tract Cancers Pooling Project
Authors: Sarah S. Jackson, Hans-Olov Adami, Gabriella Andreotti, Laura E. Beane-Freeman, Amy Berrington de González, Julie E. Buring, Gary E. Fraser, Neal D. Freedman, Susan M. Gapstur, Gretchen Gierach, Graham G. Giles, Francine Grodstein, Patricia Hartge, Mazda Jenab, Victoria Kirsh, Synnove F. Knutsen, Qing Lan, Susanna C. Larsson, I-Min Lee, Mei-Hsuan Lee, Linda M. Liao, Roger L. Milne, Kristine R. Monroe, Marian L. Neuhouser, Katie M. O'Brien, Jessica L. Petrick, Mark P. Purdue, Thomas E. Rohan, Sven Sandin, Dale P. Sandler, Norie Sawada, Aladdin H. Shadyab, Tracey G. Simon, Rashmi Sinha, Rachael Stolzenberg-Solomon, Shoichiro Tsugane, Elisabete Weiderpass, Alicja Wolk, Hwai-I. Yang, Wei Zheng, Katherine A. McGlynn, Peter T. Campbell, Jill Koshiol
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
SAT0336 Malnutrition and sarcopenia in a large cohort of patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: C Caimmi, P Caramaschi, A Venturini, E Bertoldo, M Ferrari, M Rossini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease that may affect gastrointestinal tract, leading to malabsorption and malnutrition. Previous studies defined this complication with no widely accepted criteria. No thorough evaluations of sarcopenia are available. <h3>Methods</h3> 141 SSc consecutive outpatients have been enrolled. A thorough history, blood samples and body composition by densitometry were collected. Malnutrition was defined accordingly to recently published and widely accepted ESPEN criteria (1); sarcopenia was diagnosed in patients with a reduced skeletal muscle index (2). <h3>Results</h3> The table summarizes cohort9s characteristics. Malnutrition was diagnosed in 9.2% (CI95%: 4.4–14.0%). Malnourished patients were more often treated with steroids (p=0.039), had worse gastrointestinal symptoms accordingly to UCLA questionnaire (p=0.007), lower physical activity accordingly to International physical activity questionnaire (p=0.028), longer disease duration (p=0.019), worse predicted DLCO/VA and FVC (p=0.009, respectively) and worse disease severity accordingly to Medsger severity score (DSS) (p&lt;0.001 for total, p=0.001 for lung and p&lt;0.001 for gastrointestinal tract). In multivariate analysis only FVC (p=0.006) and disease severity (p=0.003), in particular lung involvement as defined by DSS (p=0.013), were confirmed to be worse in malnourished patients. Z-scores were significantly lower in malnourished patients at lumbar site p=0.033), even after correcting for possible confounders. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 20.7% (CI95% 14.0–27.4%); 11/29 sarcopenic patients were also malnourished and 6/29 were cachectic (i.e. sarcopenia + systemic inflammation). Sarcopenic patients had worse DLCO/VA (p=0.003) and lung (p=0.005) involvement accordingly to DSS than non-sarcopenic ones; cachectic had even lower value (p=0.016 for both). Sarcopenic patients had also longer disease duration (p=0.033). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Malnutrition defined with widely accepted diagnostic criteria was found to be lower than previously reported (3–7) using screening tool or non-validated criteria. Sarcopenia was found to be somewhat common, although no previous study on comparable cohorts are available. Lung involvement and function was shown to be significantly linked with nutritional status and may not be explained only by muscle weakness given the absence of correlation between muscle weakness and FVC but only with DLCO/VA. <h3>References</h3> Cederholm et al. Clinical Nutrition 2015;34;335. Baumgartner et al. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 147:755. Baron et al. J Rheumatol 2009;36:2737. Krause et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2010;69:1951. Murtaugh et al. Clin Nutr 2013;32:130. Caporali et al. Clin Nutr 2012;31:666. Rosato et al. Nutrition 2014;30:204. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Monitoring Research Blood Sampling in Critically Ill Patients: Avoiding Iatrogenic Anemia
Authors: Rebecca M. Baron, John W. Christman, Kathleen D. Liu, Michael A. Matthay, Wesley H. Self, Bryan J. McVerry, Robert Duncan Hite, Robert Paine, Mark M. Wurfel, Nathan I. Shapiro, Peter W. Adams, Eric P. Schmidt, Nancy Ringwood
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)
Secukinumab versus adalimumab for treatment of active psoriatic arthritis (EXCEED): a double-blind, parallel-group, randomised, active-controlled, phase 3b trial
Authors: Iain B McInnes, Frank Behrens, Philip J Mease, Arthur Kavanaugh, Christopher Ritchlin, Peter Nash, Jordi Gratacós Masmitja, Philippe Goupille, Tatiana Korotaeva, Alice B Gottlieb, Ruvie Martin, Kevin Ding, Pascale Pellet, Shephard Mpofu, Luminita Pricop
Journal: The Lancet (2020)
Triggering of viral RNA sensors induces CD55 expression on synovial fibroblasts
Authors: O. N. Karpus, K. M. Heutinck, P. J. M. Wijnker, P. P. Tak, J. Hamann
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> CD55 (decay-accelerating factor) is a complement-regulatory protein, which is highly expressed by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). CD55 is also a ligand for CD97, an adhesion-type G protein-coupled receptor abundantly present on leucocytes. We recently showed that lack of either CD55 or CD97 ameliorates disease in murine collagen-induced and K/BxN serum transfer models of arthritis.1 Little is known regarding the regulation of CD55 expression in FLS. We therefore investigated the effect of toll-like receptors ligation and pro-inflammatory cytokines on CD55 expression. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Synovial fibroblasts, obtained from biopsy samples of arthritis patients, were cultured and stimulated with cytokines (TNF, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-6, IFNα) or TLR ligands (LTA, poly (I:C), LPS, imiquimod, CpG). Expression of CD55 was measured by flow cytometry using domain-specific monoclonal antibodies and recombinant CD97-loaded fluorescent beads. Chloroquine was used to inhibit TLR3 activity. Upregulation and functionality of dsRNA sensors in response to poly (I:C) or 59-triphosphate RNA was analysed by PCR. Apoptosis was measured by PI/annexinV staining and was blocked with the pan-caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPH. <h3>Results</h3> Cultured synovial fibroblasts of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and spondylarthritis express equal amount of CD55. Stimulation of RA-FLS with IL-1β (p=0.02) and poly (I:C) (p=0.001) induced a significant upregulation of CD55. Engagement of TLR3 by the dsRNA analog poly (I:C) was confirmed using chloroquine, an inhibitor of endosomal acidification that impairs TLR3 signaling. Synovial fibroblasts also expressed the cytoplasmic dsRNA sensors melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I). Stimulation of these receptors with either poly (I:C) or 59-triphosphate RNA induced CD55 expression, but, in case of MDA5, also induced significant cell death (p&lt;0.001) that was caspase-dependent. Upregulation of CD55 in response to dsRNA receptor activation increased the binding capacity of synovial fibroblasts for CD97-loaded beads. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We identify dsRNA as a potent inducer of CD55 upregulation on synovial fibroblasts. Our findings suggest that CD55 induction by viral dsRNA or dsRNA may facilitate the accumulation of CD97-expressing inflammatory immune cells in the synovial tissue.
COVID-19 and Health Equity—A New Kind of “Herd Immunity”
Authors: David R. Williams, Lisa A. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Rishi K. Wadhera, MD, MPP, MPhil; Priya Wadhera, MD, MS; Prakriti Gaba, MD; Jose F. Figueroa, MD, MPH; Karen E. Joynt Maddox, MD, MPH; Robert W. Yeh, MD, MSc; Changyu Shen, PhD
The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration
Authors: Alessandro Liberati, Douglas G. Altman, Jennifer Tetzlaff, Cynthia Mulrow, Peter C. Gøtzsche, John P. A. Ioannidis, Mike Clarke, P. J. Devereaux, Jos Kleijnen, David Moher
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are essential to summarize evidence relating to efficacy and safety of health care interventions accurately and reliably. The clarity and transparency of these reports, however, is not optimal. Poor reporting of systematic reviews diminishes their value to clinicians, policy makers, and other users.Since the development of the QUOROM (QUality Of Reporting Of Meta-analysis) Statement--a reporting guideline published in 1999--there have been several conceptual, methodological, and practical advances regarding the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Also, reviews of published systematic reviews have found that key information about these studies is often poorly reported. Realizing these issues, an international group that included experienced authors and methodologists developed PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) as an evolution of the original QUOROM guideline for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of evaluations of health care interventions.The PRISMA Statement consists of a 27-item checklist and a four-phase flow diagram. The checklist includes items deemed essential for transparent reporting of a systematic review. In this Explanation and Elaboration document, we explain the meaning and rationale for each checklist item. For each item, we include an example of good reporting and, where possible, references to relevant empirical studies and methodological literature. The PRISMA Statement, this document, and the associated Web site (http://www.prisma-statement.org/) should be helpful resources to improve reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
CD24Fc protects against viral pneumonia in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected Chinese rhesus monkeys
Authors: Ren-Rong Tian, Ming-Xu Zhang, Mingyue Liu, Xianfeng Fang, Dongling Li, Liguo Zhang, Pan Zheng, Yong-Tang Zheng, Yang Liu
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2020)
Abstract A22: A mechanism of γδ T cell-mediated antitumor immunity against brain cancer
Authors: Jang Hyun Park, Heung Kyu Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the less survivable and most malignant brain tumors. The average survival period is less than 2 years despite multiple therapies including chemotherapy and radiation. Furthermore, GBM showed severe resistance against immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade mainly targeting CD8 T cells (1). Recently, several studies showed that γδ T cells can be an alternative target of immunotherapy. Unlike conventional T cells, γδ T cells recognize stress-induced surface antigens such as NKG2D-ligands and phosphor-antigens (2). Because GBM cells highly express NKG2D-ligands, γδ T cells could be proper targets for immunotherapy. However, a basic understanding of γδ T cell-mediated antitumor immunity remains unclear. Using single-cell transcriptomic analysis, we analyzed the characteristics of GBM-infiltrating γδ T cells. γδ T cells are highly suppressed by oxygen tension of tumor microenvironment in the brain tumor. We inhibited respiration of tumor cells by metformin, which is the drug for type 2 diabetes. Inhibition of tumor cell respiration sufficiently reinvigorated γδ T cells. Reinvigorated γδ T cells highly expressed NKG2D and multiple cytokines. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of γδ T cells and the druggable pathways through reinvigoration of γδ T cells. Citation Format: Jang Hyun Park, Heung Kyu Lee. A mechanism of γδ T cell-mediated antitumor immunity against brain cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Microbiome, Viruses, and Cancer; 2020 Feb 21-24; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(8 Suppl):Abstract nr A22.
A respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F protein nanoparticle vaccine focuses antibody responses to a conserved neutralization domain
Authors: Kurt A. Swanson, Jennifer N. Rainho-Tomko, Zachary P. Williams, Lilibeth Lanza, Michael Peredelchuk, Michael Kishko, Vincent Pavot, Judith Alamares-Sapuay, Haritha Adhikarla, Sankalp Gupta, Sudha Chivukula, Scott Gallichan, Linong Zhang, Nicholas Jackson, Heesik Yoon, Darin Edwards, Chih-Jen Wei, Gary J. Nabel
Journal: Science Immunology (2020)

A glycan-modified RSV nanoparticle vaccine displaying multimeric pre-F protein focuses antibody responses on neutralizing epitopes.
Variable Breakpoints Target PAX5 in Patients with Dicentric Chromosomes: A Model for the Basis of Unbalanced Translocations in Cancer
Authors: Jonathan C Strefford, Qian An, Sarah L Wright, Zoe J Konn, Elizabeth Matherson, Lynne Minto, Anthony V Moorman, Helen Parker, Andrew Hall, Julie Irving, Christine J Harrison
Journal: Blood (2008)
Use of inflammation-based scores to optimize the selection of patients with advanced cancer considered for early-phase clinical trials.
Authors: David James Pinato, Chara Stavraka, Sean Micheal O'Cathail, Michael Seckl, Sarah Patricia Blagden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e13033 Background: The presence of adequate organ function, favorable performance status (PS) and exhaustion of standard treatments are the main factors guiding accrual onto Phase I trials. As inflammation is inherent to the pathogenesis and prognosis of cancer we investigated the prognostic and predictive performance of inflammation based indices including the neutrophil (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR). Methods: Unselected referrals to the Phase I unit (2007-2011) were considered. Demographic, treatment, staging data and routine blood tests were collected. Patients were defined as high risk if NLR&gt;5 or PLR&gt;300 respectively. Changes in the NLR (ΔNLR) were recalculated at disease reassessment. Kaplan Meier and log rank test were used to assess Progression Free (PFS) and Overall Survival (OS) with each variable. Significant factors were further tested in a multivariate Cox model. C-index was used to calculate the discriminative ability of each score and ROC curves to predict 90 days survival (90DS). Results: We included 126 patients with median age 63 years (range: 22-80); median OS 4.4 months (0.2-39), 36% male; 92% with metastases, 23% PS&gt;1. On univariate analysis LDH&gt;450, PS, NLR≥5, hypoalbuminaemia, NLR normalization (ΔNLR) (p&lt;0.001), &gt;2 previous treatment lines (p=0.01) predicted for OS. After multivariate analysis low albumin, high LDH and ΔNLR remained independent predictors (p&lt;0.05). Shorter PFS was predicted by elevated LDH and ΔNLR (p&lt;0.05). PS and NLR ranked as most accurate predictors of both 90DS with area under the ROC curve values of 0.66 (0.55-0.77) and 0.64 (0.54-0.75) and OS with c-index scores of 0.69 (0.56-0.82) and 0.60 (0.50-0.70). When combined to PS, the NLR improved its accuracy to 0.72 (0.59-0.83). NLR≥5 at screening was associated with advanced PS, low albumin (p&lt;0.002), LDH&gt;450 and &gt;2 metastatic sites (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: The NLR can improve the selection of patients considered for experimental therapies, with its normalization following treatment predicting for a survival benefit of 7 months in our series.
Video-observed therapy and medication adherence for tuberculosis patients: randomised controlled trial in Moldova
Authors: Luke Ravenscroft, Stewart Kettle, Ruth Persian, Simon Ruda, Lilian Severin, Svetlana Doltu, Benjamin Schenck, George Loewenstein
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Introduction The effectiveness of video-observed therapy (VOT) for treating tuberculosis (TB) has not been measured in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where &gt;95% of TB cases and deaths occur. In this study, we analyse the effectiveness and patient cost-difference of VOT compared to clinic-based directly observed therapy (DOT) in improving medication adherence in Moldova, a LMIC in Eastern Europe. Methods The study was a two-arm individually randomised trial with 197 TB patients (n=99 DOT control group; n=98 VOT treatment group; multidrug-resistant TB cases were excluded). The primary outcome was observed medication adherence, measured by the number of days that a patient failed to be observed adhering to medication for every 2-week period during the course of their treatment. Results VOT significantly decreased nonadherence by 4 days (95% CI 3.35–4.67 days, p&lt;0.01) per 2-week period: 5.24 days missed per 2-week period for DOT and 1.29 days for VOT. VOT patients spent MDL 504 (∼EUR 25) (95% CI MDL 277–730, p&lt;0.01) and 58 h (95% CI 48–68 h, p&lt;0.01) less on their treatment. In addition, VOT increased self-reported satisfaction with treatment. We found no significant results pertaining to treatment success, patient wellbeing or patient employment status and some evidence of an increase in side-effects. Discussion In this trial, VOT increased observed medication adherence for TB patients in Moldova, a LMIC, when compared to clinic-based DOT. Additionally, VOT significantly reduced the time and money patients spent on their treatment.