tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 482: Multiple chemical action cancer therapeutics
Authors: Rao Papineni, Amithava Adhikary
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Radiation-produced quasi-free electrons (i.e., low energy electrons in solutions) causes DNA damage. However, there are no evidence that radiation-produced partially solvated electrons (i.e., presolvated or, prehydrated electrons) and fully solvated electrons (i.e., aqueous or solvated electrons) cause strand breaks. However, recent work on azidoDNA-model systems show that radiation-produced electrons can be converted to highly damaging aminyl radicals (RNH•) which do have the potential to cause strand breaks. Experimental studies in our labs (both in vitro and in vivo) have shown that 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glucose mimic and glycolytic inhibitor, enhances radiation-induced damage selectively in tumor cells while protecting normal cells and against infection. Thereby suggesting that 2-DG can be used as a differential radiomodifier to improve the efficacy of cancer radiotherapy. Based on these experimental results and data mining models, we show that the azido derivative of 2DG; 2-Azido-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-AZ-2-DG) has unique azido chemistries. The neutral aminyl radical produced from 2-AZ-2-DG under reductive environment undergoes facile conformational change from the stable chair form to the reactive boat form. Subsequently, this aminyl radical causes H-atom abstraction from C5 of the sugar moiety via proton-coupled electron transfer process. Further, a promise as multivalent drug to augment multipronged cellular damage including site-specific DNA radiation damage and also counter infections persisting in several cancer cases. Our long range goals are to harness these unique chemistries in gold based nanotools for X-PDT (X-ray induced photodynamic therapy). Citation Format: Rao Papineni, Amithava Adhikary. Multiple chemical action cancer therapeutics [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 482.
Abstract CT264: Clinical phase II study of SCO-101 - an inhibitor of SRPK1 and ABCG2 - restoring sensitivity to FOLFIRI in metastatic FOLFIRI resistant colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Peter Michael Vestlev, Nicklas L. Roest, Jakob HV Schou, Jan Stenvang, Nils Brünner
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract The purpose of the phase II study is to determine safety, tolerability, MTD and efficacy of SCO-101 in combination with FOLFIRI in patients with FOLFIRI resistant metastatic colorectal cancer. SCO-101 is a low molecular weight molecule (Acidic di-aryl urea). Preclinical studies have shown that it inhibits the SRPK1 kinase which phosphorylates and thereby activates proteins involved in the regulation of alternative splicing. It also degrades the ABCG2 drug efflux pump to which irinotecan (SN38) is a substrate. SCO-101 has successfully passed 4 clinical phase I studies in healthy volunteers and demonstrated to be a safe oral drug with very limited toxicity and good PK parameters. It reverses irinotecan- and several other types of anti-cancer drug resistance in in vitro and in vivo preclinical cancer models. The clinical phase II study: An open-label, non-randomized, prospective study, enrolling patients with acquired FOLFIRI resistant metastatic colorectal cancer. The study consists of two parts: -Part 1 is a dose escalation part based on a traditional 3+3 design. Increasing doses of SCO-101 are investigated in combination with a fixed, patient specific, dose of FOLFIRI. The primary objectives of part 1, is to determine the safety- and toxicity profile and the MTD of SCO-101. The MTD will be the recommended dose of SCO-101 for part 2 (RDP2); -Part 2 is the efficacy part, where up to 25 patients (Simons Two Stage Design) receive the SCO-101 RDP2 in combination with FOLFIRI. Primary objectives are to determine the safety- and toxicity profile and assess objective response rates. A number of potential biomarkers for SCO-101 efficacy will be evaluated. Approval for the study has been obtained and the study will start recruiting patients primo 2020. SCO-101 has two unique mechanisms of action. No other drugs have been presented that inhibits the SRPK1 kinase. Several published preclinical studies have associated high SRPK1 activity with progression of cancer including development of cancer drug resistance. SCO-101 is also the first drug described that degrades the ABCG2 drug efflux pump. If a positive signal is obtained in the clinical study, we will continue with a randomized clinical design allowing for time-dependent end-points, e.g. PFS and OS. Citation Format: Peter Michael Vestlev, Nicklas L. Roest, Jakob HV Schou, Jan Stenvang, Nils Brünner. Clinical phase II study of SCO-101 - an inhibitor of SRPK1 and ABCG2 - restoring sensitivity to FOLFIRI in metastatic FOLFIRI resistant colorectal cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr CT264.
Abstract 4484: ScRNA-seq of patients with immune-related adverse events and checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Authors: Shaheen Khan, David E. Gerber
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Despite the remarkable success of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, a significant number of patients develop severe and unpredictable immune-related adverse events (irAEs) affecting a wide variety of organs. Concerns over irAE have led to the exclusion of patients with autoimmune disease from ICI clinical trials. Role of host genetic and immune factors in mediating irAEs remain unclear and it is not clear if the manifestations of irAEs is associated with response to therapy. In this study, we used single cell RNA sequencing (ScRNA-seq) to study the peripheral immune repertoire at a single cell level to identify blood-based signatures predictive of irAEs and response to ICI therapy. We characterized changes in host immune system in 40 patients receiving ICI therapy by performing ScRNA-seq on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at baseline and post-immunotherapy. In addition, we evaluated serum levels of 40 cytokines/chemokines, antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) and 124 autoantibodies and performed bulk RNA sequencing on PBMCs at baseline and post immunotherapy in these patients. Our preliminary data analysis identified signatures of autoantibodies and cytokines correlating with response and toxicity. ScRNA-seq data revealed changes in distinct immune cell subsets and gene expression signatures in patient developing irAEs. In this meeting, we will present preliminary ScRNA-seq data combined with immune and genetic correlates of irAEs and response to therapy in our patient cohort. We hope that our studies can help identify blood-based biomarker signatures predictive of irAEs and/or response and reveal novel insights into the mechanisms underlying irAE. Our current genetic data suggests further expanding the genetic studies in larger patient population to identify the role of underlying genetic predisposition to autoimmunity in mediating irAEs. We hope our findings may ultimately help customize therapy, expand use of immunotherapy and prevent toxicities. Citation Format: Shaheen Khan, David E. Gerber. ScRNA-seq of patients with immune-related adverse events and checkpoint inhibitor therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4484.
Abstract 3529: Detection of genomic structural variations associated with drug sensitivities and resistance in AML using novel whole genome imaging
Authors: Darren Finlay, Rabi Murad, Karl Hong, Joyce Lee, Andy Pang, Chi-Yu Lai, Carol Burian, James Mason, Alex Hastie, Jun Yin, Kristiina Vuori
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a particularly devastating collection of hematological cancers and whilst somewhat rare, the patient survival rate is abysmal without bone marrow transplantation. Traditional chemotherapies administered to AML patients cause significant and devastating side effects. Additionally, more than 30% of patients fail to respond to these initial treatments and most patients that do respond will eventually relapse within 5 years. As such, understanding the evolution of AML to identify novel targets, and therefore drug treatment regimens, is a significant medical need. Genomic rearrangements and other Structural Variations (SVs) have long been known to be causative and pathogenic in multiple cancers, including leukemias. Indeed the discovery of the “Philadelphia chromosome” (eventually identified as a BCR-ABL translocation) as causative in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia has prompted much research into SVs in cancers, including the development of targeted therapeutics against oncogenic proteins resulting from genomic rearrangements. These SVs may be involved in cancer initiation, progression, clonal evolution, and drug resistance, and a better understanding of SVs from individual AML patients may help guide therapeutic options. Here we show utilization of an innovative whole genome imaging technology to detect known, and novel, SVs in AML patients' samples. Importantly, this new technology provides an unprecedented level of granularity and quantitation unavailable to other current techniques and it allows an unbiased detection of novel SVs, which may be relevant for disease pathogenesis and/ or drug resistance. Coupled with standard gene expression analyses we have also assessed the chemosensitivities of these samples to 120 FDA approved oncology drugs and 335 epigenetic modulating agents. Here we show how integrative analysis of these diverse datasets is used to associate the detected genomic rearrangements with drug sensitivity profiles, potentially identifying novel therapeutic targets for individual AML patients. Citation Format: Darren Finlay, Rabi Murad, Karl Hong, Joyce Lee, Andy Pang, Chi-Yu Lai, Carol Burian, James Mason, Alex Hastie, Jun Yin, Kristiina Vuori. Detection of genomic structural variations associated with drug sensitivities and resistance in AML using novel whole genome imaging [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3529.
Abstract 904: Stimulation and expansion of oncogene-reactive tumor infiltrating T cells through combined Ad-HER2Δ16 vaccination and anti-PD1 enable anti-tumor responses against established HER2 BC
Authors: Erika J. Crosby, Chaitanya Acharya, Christopher Rabiola, William J. Muller, Lewis A. Chodosh, Gloria Broadwater, Jonathan Shepherd, Daniel Hollern, Xiaping He, Charles M. Perou, Benjamin K. Ashby, Benjamin G. Vincent, Michael A. Morse, Herbert K. Lyerly, Zachary C. Hartman
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Despite promising advances, overcoming immune suppression and driving productive immune responses in the tumor microenvironment remains a significant challenge. Using a spontaneous breast cancer model, we found that vaccination targeting HER2d16, a highly expressed driver of oncogenicity and HER2-therapeutic resistance, elicited significant anti-tumor responses. In contrast, vaccines targeting a non-driver tumor-specific antigen (GFP) or unique non-driver tumor neoepitopes had no impact on tumor occurrence or progression. While vaccine-induced HER2-specific CD8+ T cells were essential for responses, tumors treated therapeutically with a vaccine alone ultimately progressed. However, long-term tumor control and complete tumor regression was only achieved when vaccine was combined with immune-checkpoint blockade (anti-PD1). Single cell RNAsequencing of tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs) revealed that while vaccination expanded CD8 T cells within the tumor, only the combination of vaccine with anti-PD1 therapy induced a tumor rejection activation signature that was identified in the expanded T cell clones. We go on to use the single cell data to clone and reexpress the TCRs from expanded TILs from vaccinated mice and show that they are HER2-reactive. This data conclusively demonstrates the efficacy of this vaccination strategy in expanding tumor rejection T cells and supports its further evaluation in an ongoing Phase II trial (NCT03632941). The workflow used to identify and clone expanded, tumor specific T cells has broad potential applications across tumor types and treatment platforms. Citation Format: Erika J. Crosby, Chaitanya Acharya, Christopher Rabiola, William J. Muller, Lewis A. Chodosh, Gloria Broadwater, Jonathan Shepherd, Daniel Hollern, Xiaping He, Charles M. Perou, Benjamin K. Ashby, Benjamin G. Vincent, Michael A. Morse, Herbert K. Lyerly, Zachary C. Hartman. Stimulation and expansion of oncogene-reactive tumor infiltrating T cells through combined Ad-HER2Δ16 vaccination and anti-PD1 enable anti-tumor responses against established HER2 BC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 904.
SAT0168 Risedronate is associated with a lower incidence of gastric ulcers than alendronate: results from two comparative studies
Authors: JK Marshall, JM Provenza, AB Thomson, RH Hunt, KJ Bos, MA Blank
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Bisphosphonates (BPs) are effective treatments for osteoporosis, but some have been associated with GI injury. <h3>Objectives</h3> We compared the incidence of gastric ulcers after treatment with risedronate (RIS), a pyridinyl BP, and alendronate (ALN), a primary amino BP, in 2 similar endoscopic studies. <h3>Methods</h3> In both studies, healthy postmenopausal women were randomised to receive RIS 5 mg or ALN 10 mg daily for 14 days. Subjects received ALN as original round tablets in Study 1 and as wax-polished oval tablets in Study 2. In Study 2, subjects were stratified by Helicobacter pylori (HP) status before randomization. Evaluator-blind assessment of the esophageal, gastric, and duodenal mucosa was performed at baseline and on Days 8 and 15 of each study. <h3>Results</h3> In both studies, the overall incidence of gastric ulcers &gt;3 mm was significantly lower in the RIS group than in the ALN (Table 1). Mean gastric erosion scores were significantly lower in the RIS group than in the ALN group at Day 8 and 15 (p &lt; 0.001) in both studies. Mean esophageal and duodenal endoscopy scores were similar in the 2 groups at Days 8 and 15. Esophageal ulcers were noted in none of the evaluable subjects in the RIS group and in 3 in the ALN group in Study 1, and in 1 evaluable subject in the RIS group and 2 in the ALN group in Study 2. Duodenal ulcers were noted in 2 evaluable subjects in the RIS group and 1 in the ALN group in Study 1 and in none of the evaluable subjects in Study 2. In Study 2, HP infection did not increase the incidence of BP-related GI injury. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In 2 large, comparative studies in which RIS and ALN were given at doses for the treatment of osteoporosis, the incidence of gastric ulcers was significantly lower among RIS-treated subjects than among ALN-treated subjects. Results were consistent in the 2 studies despite the difference in the shape and polish of the ALN tablets used. These findings support the hypothesis that BPs differ in their potential to produce upper GI mucosal damage.
Abstract 5206: Quantifying DNA-protein crosslinks induced by bifunctional alkylating agents in cultured human leukemia cells
Authors: Hailey L. Cerrato, Sam W. Marchant, Allie H. Naccara, Thomas J. LaJoie, Shawnya Michaels, Dennis Brown, Kevin P. Rice
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Bifunctional alkylating agents, such as cisplatin and several nitrosoureas, have clinical utility as antineoplastic drugs largely due to their DNA alkylating and crosslinking activity. Other drug candidates such as laromustine (VNP-40101M) and dianhydrogalacticol (VAL-083) have similar DNA-alkylating activities and have shown success in clinical trials against hard-to-treat cancers such as acute myelogenous leukemia and glioblastoma multiforme. While these agents' interstrand and instrastrand DNA crosslinking activities are widely cited as the critical cytotoxic event, their capacity to crosslink DNA to chromosomally-affiliated proteins may also contribute to their anticancer profile. Indeed, DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) are highly toxic phenomena that are difficult for cells to repair and severely compromise gene transcription and DNA replication. Herein, we assess concentration-dependent DPC formation by a wide variety of bifunctional alkylating agents in HL-60 human leukemia cells using two parallel approaches. In one approach, protein-bound DNA was quantified using PicoGreen after precipitating proteins from lysates of drug-treated cells and compared to total DNA concentration. In another, chromosomal DNA was extracted from lysates of drug-treated cells then treated with fluorescein isothiocyanate, which modifies primary amines on proteins. Protein concentration was measured by fluorescence and compared to that of the extracted DNA. The nitrogen mustard mechlorethamine and the chloroethyl nitrosoureas carmustine and lomustine were the most potent agents, yielding significant DPC formation at clinically relevant doses (10−5 M). Cisplatin and laromustine yielded DPCs at similar concentrations, but to a lesser extent. Dianyhydrogalacticol, epichlorohydrin, and diepoxybutane, which all rely on epoxide functional groups for attachment to cellular nucleophiles, required at least an order of magnitude higher drug concentrations for significant DPC observation. These data suggest bifunctional alkylating agents featuring halide leaving groups are most apt to crosslink DNA to nuclear proteins and may offer insights into patterns of cytotoxicity and clinical utility for this important class of chemotherapeuric agents. Citation Format: Hailey L. Cerrato, Sam W. Marchant, Allie H. Naccara, Thomas J. LaJoie, Shawnya Michaels, Dennis Brown, Kevin P. Rice. Quantifying DNA-protein crosslinks induced by bifunctional alkylating agents in cultured human leukemia cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5206.
Abstract 249: Wild-type IDH2 is a potential therapeutic target for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Peiting Zeng, Peng Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) is an important mitochondrial enzyme, which catalyzes the metabolic conversion between isocitrate and alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) in the TCA cycle. Somatic point mutations in the gene encoding for IDH2 have been identified in a variety of human cancers including certain glioma and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and are correlated with a favorable prognosis compared with those with wild-type IDH2. However, the role of wild-type IDH2 in cancer development largely remains unknown. Here, we show that wild-type IDH2 is up-regulated in AML, and may play an important role in promoting AML cells survival and proliferation. Database analysis reveals that high expression of IDH2 seems to be correlated with poor survival of AML patients. We show that pharmacological inhibition of wild-type IDH2 in AML cell lines harboring wild-type IDH2 or genetically silencing of IDH2 expression by shRNA could impair cell viability, suppress the proliferation and colony formation capacity of the leukemia cells, and promote apoptosis, leading to significant inhibition of leukemia growth. Metabolic study suggests that disturbance of α-KG metabolism might play a major role in affecting AML cell viability and proliferation. Specifically, suppression of IDH2 caused a significant increase in α-KG and a decrease in isocitrate and citrate, suggesting that the reductive segment of the TCA cycle might be abnormally active in AML cells. Thus inhibition of IDH2 would lead to a severe disruption of the leukemia cellular metabolism due to suppression of α-KG to isocitrate conversion. Furthermore, genetic silencing of the wild-type IDH2 expression in AML cells suppressed in vivo leukemia growth in two xenograft mouse models. Overall, our study has identified wild-type IDH2 as an important molecule that is critical for AML cell survival and proliferation, and suggests that wild-type IDH2 could potentially serve as a new therapeutic target for the potential treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Citation Format: Peiting Zeng, Peng Huang. Wild-type IDH2 is a potential therapeutic target for acute myeloid leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 249.
Abstract 4177: Preclinical development of ABM-1310, a novel BRAF Inhibitor to treat cancer with brain metastasis
Authors: Yong Hu, Chen Chen, Charles Huang, Min Xu, Youqin Chen, Xiyuan Chen, Li Zhao
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract BRAF is a key molecule activated by RAS in the MAPK pathway that mainly controls cell proliferation. BRAF mutation is detected in about 8% of all cancer population, and more than 50% is BRAFv600e, which causes constitutive MAPK activation. BRAFv600 mutation is found in various cancers such as melanoma, colorectal cancer, glioma, lung cancer, thyroid cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovary cancer etc. ABM-1310 is a novel small molecule BRAF inhibitor that specific inhibits BRAFv600 mutant form with high water solubility, cell permeability, and blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration. Although current target or immune-therapies are reported with some variable effects, melanoma with brain metastasis is still a significant challenge in clinic. With high BBB penetration and high exposure in brain, ABM-1310 has good potential to treat tumors bearing BRAFv600 mutation with brain metastasis. In-vitro data shown similar on-target enzyme activity of ABM-1310 to marketed BRAF inhibitors on BRAFv600e, as well as high anti-proliferation activity in multiple cancer cell lines with BRAF V600E mutation like A375, Colo-829, and HT-29 etc. In vivo pharmacology studies demonstrated that ABM-1310 had good potency of tumor growth inhibition with oral dose as low as 1mg/kg/day. ABM-1310 treatment also improved animal overall survival in several cell-line derived xenograft (CDX) models, including subcutaneous, intracranial and intracardiac melanoma models. Non-clinical pharmacokinetics studies also shown ABM-1310 had a favorable ADME profile both in vitro and in vivo in animals. ABM-1310 demonstrated excellent brain penetration in animals. Single-dose, seven-day repeat dose non-GLP studies and four-week GLP toxicity studies in SD rats and beagle dogs all revealed that ABM-1310 had a good safety profile with NOAEL of 100mg/kg/day in SD rats and 30mg/kg/day in beagle dogs. Based on these supportive preclinical study results, IND of ABM-1310 was submitted in 2019 Q4 to investigate its safety in humans as signal reagent, which will be followed by further clinic development of ABM-1310, or combination with other molecules to treat cancers with BRAFv600 mutation, especially with brain metastasis. Citation Format: Yong Hu, Chen Chen, Charles Huang, Min Xu, Youqin Chen, Xiyuan Chen, Li Zhao. Preclinical development of ABM-1310, a novel BRAF Inhibitor to treat cancer with brain metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4177.