tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Saturated Fats and Health: A Reassessment and Proposal for Food-Based Recommendations
Authors: Arne Astrup, Faidon Magkos, Dennis M. Bier, J. Thomas Brenna, Marcia C. de Oliveira Otto, James O. Hill, Janet C. King, Andrew Mente, Jose M. Ordovas, Jeff S. Volek, Salim Yusuf, Ronald M. Krauss
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)

The recommendation to limit dietary saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake has persisted despite mounting evidence to the contrary. Most recent meta-analyses of randomized trials and observational studies found no beneficial effects of reducing SFA intake on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and total mortality, and instead found protective effects against stroke. Although SFAs increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, in most individuals, this is not due to increasing levels of small, dense LDL particles, but rather larger LDL particles, which are much less strongly related to CVD risk. It is also apparent that the health effects of foods cannot be predicted by their content in any nutrient group without considering the overall macronutrient distribution. Whole-fat dairy, unprocessed meat, and dark chocolate are SFA-rich foods with a complex matrix that are not associated with increased risk of CVD. The totality of available evidence does not support further limiting the intake of such foods.
Widespread Skin Infiltration of Leukemia Cutis on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Jieling Zheng, Qianqian Xue, Kaixian Lin, Weibing Miao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract A 67-year-old man experienced multiple cutaneous nodules for 3 weeks. His initial skin biopsy only showed local inflammation. However, after a 2-week anti-inflammation therapy, the skin manifestations were not improved while the leukocyte count gradually increased. FDG PET/CT revealed widespread cutaneous and subcutaneous hypermetabolic lesions in many parts of the body, and heterogeneously increased uptakes in the bone marrow. Bone marrow biopsy and second skin biopsy were performed. Pathological examination from both specimen demonstrated acute monocytic leukemia.
Antiphospholipid Syndrome Is Still a Rare Disease—Estimated Prevalence in the Piedmont and Aosta Valley Regions of Northwest Italy: Comment on the Article by Duarte‐García et al
Authors: Massimo Radin, Savino Sciascia, Mario Bazzan, Tiziana Bertero, Renato Carignola, Erika Montabone, Barbara Montaruli, Antonella Vaccarino, Irene Cecchi, Elena Rubini, Dario Roccatello, Simone Baldovino
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2020)
Still early to define a clear role of antimalarial drugs for COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic disease. Response to: ‘Hydroxychloroquine reduces the risk of covid-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases: myth or reality?’ by Xie <i>et al</i>
Authors: Carmen Magdalena Gamboa-Alonso, Gabriel Figueroa-Parra, Dionicio Angel Galarza-Delgado
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

<h3>Background</h3> Treatment and recovery times following injury can be lengthy, comprising multiple interactions with the hospital system for initial acute care, subsequent rehabilitation and possible re-presentation due to complications. <h3>Aims</h3> This article aims to promote the use of consistent terminology in injury data linkage studies, suggest important factors to consider when managing linked injury data, and encourage thorough documentation and a robust discourse around different approaches to data management to ensure reproducibility, consistency and comparability of analyses arising from linked injury data. <h3>Approach</h3> This paper is presented in sections describing: (1) considerations for identifying injury cohorts, (2) considerations for grouping Episodes into Encounters and (3) considerations for grouping Encounters into Events. Summary tools are provided to aid researchers in the management of linked injury data. <h3>Discussion</h3> Careful consideration of decisions made when identifying injury cohorts and grouping data into units of analysis (Episodes/Encounters/Events) is essential when using linked injury data. Choices made have the potential to significantly impact the epidemiological and clinical findings derived from linked injury data studies, which ultimately affect the quality of injury prevention initiatives and injury management policy and practice. It is intended that this paper will act as a call to action for injury linkage methodologists, and those using linked data, to critique approaches, share tools and engage in a robust discourse to further advance the use of linked injury data, and ultimately enhance the value of linked injury data for clinicians and health and social policymakers.
The association between long-term exposure to low-level PM2.5 and mortality in the state of Queensland, Australia: A modelling study with the difference-in-differences approach
Authors: Wenhua Yu, Yuming Guo, Liuhua Shi, Shanshan Li
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2020)

Background To date, few studies have investigated the causal relationship between mortality and long-term exposure to a low level of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations. Methods and findings We studied 242,320 registered deaths in Queensland between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2013, with satellite-retrieved annual average PM2.5 concentrations to each postcode. A variant of difference-in-differences (DID) approach was used to investigate the association of long-term PM2.5 exposure with total mortality and cause-specific (cardiovascular, respiratory, and non-accidental) mortality. We observed 217,510 non-accidental deaths, 133,661 cardiovascular deaths, and 30,748 respiratory deaths in Queensland during the study period. The annual average PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 1.6 to 9.0 μg/m3, which were well below the current World Health Organization (WHO) annual standard (10 μg/m3). Long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with increased total mortality and cause-specific mortality. For each 1 μg/m3 increase in annual PM2.5, we found a 2.02% (95% CI 1.41%–2.63%; p < 0.01) increase in total mortality. Higher effect estimates were observed in Brisbane than those in Queensland for all types of mortality. A major limitation of our study is that the DID design is under the assumption that no predictors other than seasonal temperature exhibit different spatial-temporal variations in relation to PM2.5 exposure. However, if this assumption is violated (e.g., socioeconomic status [SES] and outdoor physical activities), the DID design is still subject to confounding. Conclusions Long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with total, non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality in Queensland, Australia, where PM2.5 levels were measured well below the WHO air quality standard.
Dense anatomical annotation of slit-lamp images improves the performance of deep learning for the diagnosis of ophthalmic disorders
Authors: Wangting Li, Yahan Yang, Kai Zhang, Erping Long, Lin He, Lei Zhang, Yi Zhu, Chuan Chen, Zhenzhen Liu, Xiaohang Wu, Dongyuan Yun, Jian Lv, Yizhi Liu, Xiyang Liu, Haotian Lin
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2020)
Calorie Restriction and Aging in Humans
Authors: Emily W. Flanagan, Jasper Most, Jacob T. Mey, Leanne M. Redman
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2020)

Calorie restriction (CR), the reduction of dietary intake below energy requirements while maintaining optimal nutrition, is the only known nutritional intervention with the potential to attenuate aging. Evidence from observational, preclinical, and clinical trials suggests the ability to increase life span by 1-5 years with an improvement in health span and quality of life. CR moderates intrinsic processes of aging through cellular and metabolic adaptations and reducing risk for the development of many cardiometabolic diseases. Yet, implementation of CR may require unique considerations for the elderly and other specific populations. The objectives of this review are to summarize the evidence for CR to modify primary and secondary aging; present caveats for implementation in special populations; describe newer, alternative approaches that have comparative effectiveness and fewer deleterious effects; and provide thoughts on the future of this important field of study.
Molecular Characterization of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma in the Era of Next-generation Sequencing: A Systematic Review of the Current Literature
Authors: Melanie R. Hassler, Freddie Bray, James W.F. Catto, Arthur P. Grollman, Arndt Hartmann, Vitaly Margulis, Surena F. Matin, Morgan Roupret, John P. Sfakianos, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Bishoy M. Faltas
Journal: European Urology (2020)
Digit Ulcerations in a Young Woman
Authors: Bibin Varghese, Erin Chew, Maximilian F. Konig
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Recombinant Acid Ceramidase Reduces Inflammation and Infection in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Aaron I. Gardner, Iram J. Haq, A. John Simpson, Katrin A. Becker, John Gallagher, Vinciane Saint-Criq, Bernard Verdon, Emily Mavin, Alexandra Trigg, Michael A. Gray, Albert Koulman, Melissa J. McDonnell, Andrew J. Fisher, Elizabeth L. Kramer, John P. Clancy, Christopher Ward, Edward H. Schuchman, Erich Gulbins, Malcolm Brodlie
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)

In cystic fibrosis the major cause of morbidity and mortality is lung disease characterized by inflammation and infection. The influence of sphingolipid metabolism is poorly understood with a lack of studies using human airway model systems.
Epidemiology of COVID-19 in an Urban Dialysis Center
Authors: Richard W. Corbett, Sarah Blakey, Dorothea Nitsch, Marina Loucaidou, Adam McLean, Neill Duncan, Damien R. Ashby
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Significance Statement Social distancing is an important tool in preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dialysis centers that treat patients undergoing hemodialysis typically are not conducive to social distancing, and there is limited published experience available for guidance. The authors describe control measures—including universal protective equipment, a regular screening process, and case isolation—implemented during a rapidly developing COVID-19 epidemic in a large dialysis center, as well as service pressures experienced. Risk factors for infection included older age and infection rates within specific satellite units; aspects of unit design might help explain clustering of cases in those units. After the third week, COVID-19 cases fell short of the projected epidemic course, suggesting that control was achieved and that early adoption of control measures can help protect patients. Background During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, many countries have instituted population-wide measures for social distancing. The requirement of patients on dialysis for regular treatment in settings typically not conducive to social distancing may increase their vulnerability to COVID-19. Methods Over a 6-week period, we recorded new COVID-19 infections and outcomes for all adult patients receiving dialysis in a large dialysis center. Rapidly introduced control measures included a two-stage routine screening process at dialysis entry (temperature and symptom check, with possible cases segregated within the unit and tested for SARS-CoV-2), isolated dialysis in a separate unit for patients with infection, and universal precautions that included masks for dialysis nursing staff. Results Of 1530 patients (median age 66 years; 58.2% men) receiving dialysis, 300 (19.6%) developed COVID-19 infection, creating a large demand for isolated outpatient dialysis and inpatient beds. An analysis that included 1219 patients attending satellite dialysis clinics found that older age was a risk factor for infection. COVID-19 infection was substantially more likely to occur among patients on in-center dialysis compared with those dialyzing at home. We observed clustering in specific units and on specific shifts, with possible implications for aspects of service design, and high rates of nursing staff illness. A predictive epidemic model estimated a reproduction number of 2.2; cumulative cases deviated favorably from the model from the fourth week, suggesting that the implemented measures controlled transmission. Conclusions The COVID-19 epidemic affected a large proportion of patients at this dialysis center, creating service pressures exacerbated by nursing staff illness. Details of the control strategy and characteristics of this epidemic may be useful for dialysis providers and other institutions providing patient care.
Elucidating Epigenetic Regulation by Identifying Functional <i>cis</i>‐Acting Long Noncoding RNAs and Their Targets in Osteoarthritic Articular Cartilage
Authors: Marcella van Hoolwerff, Paula I. Metselaar, Margo Tuerlings, H. Eka D. Suchiman, Nico Lakenberg, Yolande F.M. Ramos, Davy Cats, Rob G.H.H. Nelissen, Demiën Broekhuis, Hailiang Mei, Rodrigo Coutinho de Almeida, Ingrid Meulenbelt
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2020)

Objective To identify robustly differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with osteoarthritis (OA) pathophysiology in cartilage and to explore potential target messenger RNA (mRNA) by establishing coexpression networks, followed by functional validation. Methods RNA sequencing was performed on macroscopically lesioned and preserved OA cartilage from patients who underwent joint replacement surgery due to OA (n = 98). Differential expression analysis was performed on lncRNAs that were annotated in GENCODE and Ensembl databases. To identify potential interactions, correlations were calculated between the identified differentially expressed lncRNAs and the previously reported differentially expressed protein‐coding genes in the same samples. Modulation of chondrocyte lncRNA expression was achieved using locked nucleic acid GapmeRs. Results By applying our in‐house pipeline, we identified 5,053 lncRNAs that were robustly expressed, of which 191 were significantly differentially expressed (according to false discovery rate) between lesioned and preserved OA cartilage. Upon integrating mRNA sequencing data, we showed that intergenic and antisense differentially expressed lncRNAs demonstrate high, positive correlations with their respective flanking sense genes. To functionally validate this observation, we selected P3H2‐AS1 , which was down‐regulated in primary chondrocytes, resulting in the down‐regulation of P3H2 gene expression levels. As such, we can confirm that P3H2‐AS1 regulates its sense gene P3H2 . Conclusion By applying an improved detection strategy, robustly differentially expressed lncRNAs in OA cartilage were detected. Integration of these lncRNAs with differential mRNA expression levels in the same samples provided insight into their regulatory networks. Our data indicate that intergenic and antisense lncRNAs play an important role in regulating the pathophysiology of OA.
Disparities in Coronavirus 2019 Reported Incidence, Knowledge, and Behavior Among US Adults
Authors: Marcella Alsan, Stefanie Stantcheva, David Yang, David Cutler
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Data from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the US show large differences in hospitalizations and mortality across race and geography. However, there are limited data on health information, beliefs, and behaviors that might indicate different exposure to risk. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine the association of sociodemographic characteristics with reported incidence, knowledge, and behavior regarding COVID-19 among US adults. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A US national survey study was conducted from March 29 to April 13, 2020, to measure differences in knowledge, beliefs, and behavior about COVID-19. The survey oversampled COVID-19 hotspot areas. The survey was conducted electronically. The criteria for inclusion were age 18 years or older and residence in the US. Data analysis was performed in April 2020. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The main outcomes were incidence, knowledge, and behaviors related to COVID-19 as measured by survey response. <h3>Results</h3> The survey included 5198 individuals (mean [SD] age, 48 [18] years; 2336 men [45%]; 3759 white [72%], 830 [16%] African American, and 609 [12%] Hispanic). The largest differences in COVID-19–related knowledge and behaviors were associated with race/ethnicity, sex, and age, with African American participants, men, and people younger than 55 years showing less knowledge than other groups. African American respondents were 3.5 percentage points (95% CI, 1.5 to 5.5 percentage points;<i>P</i> = .001) more likely than white respondents to report being infected with COVID-19, as were men compared with women (3.2 percentage points; 95% CI, 2.0 to 4.4 percentage points;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Knowing someone who tested positive for COVID-19 was more common among African American respondents (7.2 percentage points; 95% CI, 3.4 to 10.9 percentage points;<i>P</i> &lt; .001), people younger than 30 years (11.6 percentage points; 95% CI, 7.5 to 15.7 percentage points;<i>P</i> &lt; .001), and people with higher incomes (coefficient on earning ≥$100 000, 12.3 percentage points; 95% CI, 8.7 to 15.8 percentage points;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Knowledge of potential fomite spread was lower among African American respondents (−9.4 percentage points; 95% CI, −13.1 to −5.7 percentage points;<i>P</i> &lt; .001), Hispanic respondents (−4.8 percentage points; 95% CI, −8.9 to −0.77 percentage points;<i>P</i> = .02), and people younger than 30 years (−10.3 percentage points; 95% CI, −14.1 to −6.5 percentage points;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Similar gaps were found with respect to knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms and preventive behaviors. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this survey study of US adults, there were gaps in reported incidence of COVID-19 and knowledge regarding its spread and symptoms and social distancing behavior. More effort is needed to increase accurate information and encourage appropriate behaviors among minority communities, men, and younger people.
Epigenetic and Transcriptional Networks Underlying Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Antoinette F. van Ouwerkerk, Amelia W. Hall, Zachary A. Kadow, Sonja Lazarevic, Jasmeet S. Reyat, Nathan R. Tucker, Rangarajan D. Nadadur, Fernanda M. Bosada, Valerio Bianchi, Patrick T. Ellinor, Larissa Fabritz, James F. Martin, Wouter de Laat, Paulus Kirchhof, Ivan P. Moskowitz, Vincent M. Christoffels
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)

Genome-wide association studies have uncovered over a 100 genetic loci associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia. Many of the top AF-associated loci harbor key cardiac transcription factors, including PITX2, TBX5, PRRX1, and ZFHX3. Moreover, the vast majority of the AF-associated variants lie within noncoding regions of the genome where causal variants affect gene expression by altering the activity of transcription factors and the epigenetic state of chromatin. In this review, we discuss a transcriptional regulatory network model for AF defined by effector genes in Genome-wide association studies loci. We describe the current state of the field regarding the identification and function of AF-relevant gene regulatory networks, including variant regulatory elements, dose-sensitive transcription factor functionality, target genes, and epigenetic states. We illustrate how altered transcriptional networks may impact cardiomyocyte function and ionic currents that impact AF risk. Last, we identify the need for improved tools to identify and functionally test transcriptional components to define the links between genetic variation, epigenetic gene regulation, and atrial function.
HSD3B1 (1245A&gt;C) germline variant and clinical outcomes in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with abiraterone and enzalutamide: results from two prospective studies
Authors: D.J. Khalaf, I.M. Aragón, M. Annala, R. Lozano, S. Taavitsainen, D. Lorente, D.L. Finch, N. Romero-Laorden, J. Vergidis, Y. Cendón, C. Oja, M.I. Pacheco, M. Zulfiqar, M.E. Gleave, A.W. Wyatt, D. Olmos, K.N. Chi, E. Castro, E. Almagro, J.Á. Arranz, E.G. Billalabeitia, P. Borrega, E. Castro, J.A. Contreras, M. Domenech, R. Escribano, E. Fernández-Parra, E. Gallardo, I. García-Carbonero, R. García, J. Garde, A. González del Alba, B. González, A. Hernández, S. Hernando, P. Jiménez, N. Laínez, D. Lorente, R. Luque, E. Martínez, A. Medina, M.J. Méndez-Vidal, A. Montesa, R. Morales, None Olmos David, J.L. Pérez-Gracia, B. Pérez-Valderrama, Á. Pinto, J. Piulats, J. Puente, R. Querol, A. Rodríguez-Vida, N. Romero-Laorden, M.I. Sáez, S. Vázquez, E. Vélez, J.C. Villa-Guzmán, R. Villatoro, C. Zambrana
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
18F-Fluciclovine PET/MRI in a Patient With Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix Correlated With 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Nghi C. Nguyen, Chan Hong Moon, Sushil Beriwal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract A 32-year-old woman with a FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stage IIA invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix underwent a clinical FDG PET/CT scan, which revealed intense uptake in the primary. On research 18 F-fluciclovine PET/MRI, the primary showed elevated fluciclovine uptake at 5 and 40 minutes after radiotracer injection, with no evidence of regional or distant metastasis. Fluciclovine PET may have diagnostic value for cervical cancer imaging with a potential advantage over FDG of minimal urinary activity from renal excretion; however, in this patient, the metabolic activity was inferior to that of FDG PET.
Chronic myeloid leukemia management at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. A campus CML survey
Authors: Massimo Breccia, Elisabetta Abruzzese, Monica Bocchia, Massimiliano Bonifacio, Fausto Castagnetti, Carmen Fava, Sara Galimberti, Antonella Gozzini, Gabriele Gugliotta, Alessandra Iurlo, Roberto Latagliata, Luigiana Luciano, Patrizia Pregno, Giovanna Rege-Cambrin, Gianantonio Rosti, Fabio Stagno, Mario Tiribelli, Robin Foà, Giuseppe Saglio, Miggiano Maria Maria Cristina, Capodanno Isabella, Accurso Vincenzo, Sorà Federica, Luzi Debora, Annunziata Mario, Attolico Immacolata, Malato Alessandra, Sancetta Rosaria, Elena Chiara, Barulli Sara, Scortechini Anna Rita, Leonetti-Crescenzi Sabrina, Tafuri Agostino, Cavazzini Francesco, Caocci Giovanni, Lucchesi Alessandro, Rapezzi Davide, Pizzuti Michele, Binotto Gianni, Intermesoli Tamara, Maggi Alessandro, Crisa’ Elena, Crugnola Monica, D’ Adda Mariella, Beltrami Germana, Lunghi Francesca, Vincelli Iolanda –Donatella, Sanpaolo Grazia, Franceschini Luca, Russo Sabina, La Barba Gaetano, Levato Luciano
Journal: Leukemia (2020)