tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Outbreak Among College Students After a Spring Break Trip to Mexico — Austin, Texas, March 26–April 5, 2020
Authors: Megan Lewis
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

On March 27, 2020, a University of Texas at Austin student with cough, sore throat, and shortness of breath had a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). On March 28, two more symptomatic students had positive test results, alerting the COVID-19 Center at the University of Texas Health Austin (UTHA) to a potential outbreak; the center initiated an outbreak investigation the same day. UTHA conducted contact tracing, which linked the students' infections to a spring break trip to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, during March 14-19. Among 231 persons tested for SARS-CoV-2 in this investigation, 64 (28%) had positive test results, including 60 (33%) of 183 Cabo San Lucas travelers, one of 13 (8%) household contacts of Cabo San Lucas travelers, and three (9%) of 35 community contacts of Cabo San Lucas travelers. Approximately one fifth of persons with positive test results were asymptomatic; no persons needed hospitalization, and none died. This COVID-19 outbreak among a young, healthy population with no or mild symptoms was controlled with a coordinated public health response that included rapid contact tracing and testing of all exposed persons. A coordinated response with contact tracing and testing of all contacts, including those who are asymptomatic, is important in controlling future COVID-19 outbreaks that might occur as schools and universities consider reopening.
Selective Inhibition of STRN3-Containing PP2A Phosphatase Restores Hippo Tumor-Suppressor Activity in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Yang Tang, Gemin Fang, Fenghua Guo, Hui Zhang, Xiaoxu Chen, Liwei An, Min Chen, Li Zhou, Wenjia Wang, Tiantian Ye, Lei Zhou, Pingping Nie, Haijun Yu, Moubin Lin, Yun Zhao, Xinhua Lin, Zengqiang Yuan, Shi Jiao, Zhaocai Zhou
Journal: Cancer Cell (2020)
Corrigendum to: Recurrent Collection of Drosophila melanogaster from Wild African Environments and Genomic Insights into Species History
Authors: Quentin D Sprengelmeyer, Suzan Mansourian, Jeremy D Lange, Daniel R Matute, Brandon S Cooper, Erling V Jirle, Marcus C Stensmyr, John E Pool
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2020)
Post-polypectomy colonoscopy surveillance: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline – Update 2020
Authors: Cesare Hassan, Giulio Antonelli, Jean-Marc Dumonceau, Jaroslaw Regula, Michael Bretthauer, Stanislas Chaussade, Evelien Dekker, Monika Ferlitsch, Antonio Gimeno-Garcia, Rodrigo Jover, Mette Kalager, Maria Pellisé, Christian Pox, Luigi Ricciardiello, Matthew Rutter, Lise Mørkved Helsingen, Arne Bleijenberg, Carlo Senore, Jeanin E. van Hooft, Mario Dinis-Ribeiro, Enrique Quintero
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Main Recommendations The following recommendations for post-polypectomy colonoscopic surveillance apply to all patients who had one or more polyps that were completely removed during a high quality baseline colonoscopy. 1 ESGE recommends that patients with complete removal of 1 – 4 &lt; 10 mm adenomas with low grade dysplasia, irrespective of villous components, or any serrated polyp &lt; 10 mm without dysplasia, do not require endoscopic surveillance and should be returned to screening. Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. If organized screening is not available, repetition of colonoscopy 10 years after the index procedure is recommended.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. 2 ESGE recommends surveillance colonoscopy after 3 years for patients with complete removal of at least 1 adenoma ≥ 10 mm or with high grade dysplasia, or ≥ 5 adenomas, or any serrated polyp ≥ 10 mm or with dysplasia. Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. 3 ESGE recommends a 3 – 6-month early repeat colonoscopy following piecemeal endoscopic resection of polyps ≥ 20 mm. Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. A first surveillance colonoscopy 12 months after the repeat colonoscopy is recommended to detect late recurrence. Strong recommendation, high quality evidence. 4 If no polyps requiring surveillance are detected at the first surveillance colonoscopy, ESGE suggests to perform a second surveillance colonoscopy after 5 years. Weak recommendation, low quality evidence. After that, if no polyps requiring surveillance are detected, patients can be returned to screening. 5 ESGE suggests that, if polyps requiring surveillance are detected at first or subsequent surveillance examinations, surveillance colonoscopy may be performed at 3 years. Weak recommendation, low quality evidence. A flowchart showing the recommended surveillance intervals is provided (Fig. 1).
Charles Berry: NASA physician who helped select the USA’s first astronauts
Authors: Joanne Silberner
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Photo: Charles Berry with Deke Slayton

In the 1960s, Americans followed every move made by the astronauts braving the unknowns of space travel. Their faces were splashed on magazine covers: people crowded into theatres to see them on speaking tours, knew the names of the astronauts’ wives and children, how many test flights they’d flown, and what their hobbies were.

Charles Berry, who has died at the age of 96, was tasked with helping to select the members of the elite corps, and their medical care.

Neither job was easy. The men were test pilots in the military—stoic, brave, and eager to fly into space. They did not want to admit to any medical or psychological condition that might prove to be a problem. It was a matter of “super-selecting the super-selected,” Berry said later, and required both diplomacy and medical skill.

That Berry had the high profile job at all was something of an accident. He’d grown up in California, the son of a butcher, and in eighth grade met the woman who would become his wife of 62 years. After his medical training at the University of California at San Francisco, he went into general practice in a desert town in southern …
Influence of gut microbiome on multiple myeloma: friend or foe?
Authors: Nausheen Ahmed, Mahmoud Ghannoum, Molly Gallogly, Marcos de Lima, Ehsan Malek
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of terminally differentiated plasma cells, which typically evolves over time from its precursor, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. While the underlying mechanisms of this evolution remain elusive, immunomodulatory factors affecting the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment are suspected to play a role. There is an increasing evidence that the gut microbiome exerts an influence on its host’s adaptive and innate immune systems, inflammatory pathways and the BM microenvironment. Dysbiosis, therefore, may impact tumorigenesis in MM. This article gives an overview of potential mechanisms by which the microbiome may influence the pathogenesis of MM, MM patients’ responses to treatment and toxicities experienced by MM patients undergoing autologous transplant. It also discusses the potential role of the mycobiome in MM, a less studied component of the microbiome.
Clinical application value of prognostic nutritional index for predicting survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or radiotherapy.
Authors: Tao Li
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e24075 Background: The prognostic nutrition index (PNI) has been shown to have prognostic value in several common cancers. We explore its clinical application value in the prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) undergoing radical chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or radiotherapy. Methods: Overall, 193 patients with ESCC who received radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy at Sichuan Cancer Hospital from March 20, 2012 to December 25, 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on serum measurements before treatment, PNI at ESCC recurrence was calculated as albumin (g/L) + 5 × total lymphocyte count. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional regression model were used to analyze the relationship between PNI and overall survival (OS). Results: The PNI of 193 ESCC patients was 49.01 ± 4.68. The optimal cutoff value of PNI was calculated to be 47.975. The patients were divided into a low PNI group (&lt;47.975) and a high PNI group (≥47.975). The median OS for the entire group was 22.37 months. The median OS of patients in the high PNI group (PNI ≥ 47.975) and low PNI group (PNI &lt;47.975) were 32.63 months and 15.4 months, respectively. The 3-year overall survival rates were 47.5% and 32.2%, and 5-year overall survival rates were 37.7% and 16.8%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that tumor length (P = 0.019), synchronous chemotherapy (P = 0.009), and PNI (P = 0.003) were independent prognostic factors affecting the prognosis of patients in ESCC treated with radical CRT or radiotherapy. Conclusions: The calculation of PNI value is simple, reliable and repeatable, which can improve the accuracy of patients' prognosis. And it needs to be further confirmed by the prospective study of large sample size. Keywords: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, chemoradiotherapy, prognostic nutritional index, prognosis.
Blood Eosinophil Depletion with Mepolizumab, Benralizumab, and Prednisolone in Eosinophilic Asthma
Authors: Angela M. Moran, Sanjay Ramakrishnan, Catherine A. Borg, Clare M. Connolly, Simon Couillard, Christine M. Mwasuku, Ian D. Pavord, Timothy S. C. Hinks, Lauri Lehtimӓki
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)
Pulmonary artery pressure‐guided therapy in ambulatory patients with symptomatic heart failure: the <scp>CardioMEMS E</scp>uropean <scp>M</scp>onitoring <scp>S</scp>tudy for <scp>H</scp>eart <scp>F</scp>ailure (<scp>MEMS‐HF</scp>)
Authors: Christiane E. Angermann, Birgit Assmus, Stefan D. Anker, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Johannes Brachmann, Marie‐Elena Brett, Jasper J. Brugts, Georg Ertl, Greg Ginn, Lutz Hilker, Friedrich Koehler, Stephan Rosenkranz, Qian Zhou, Philip B. Adamson, Michael Böhm
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2020)
Conformational anti–desmoglein 3 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is not superior to conventional anti–desmoglein 3 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for disease monitoring in patients with pemphigus vulgaris—A longitudinal study
Authors: Priya Prabhakaran Nair, Medha Rajappa, Devinder Mohan Thappa, Laxmisha Chandrashekar
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Multiple Primary Melanoma Incidence Trends Over Five Decades: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Hildur Helgadottir, Karolin Isaksson, Ildiko Fritz, Christian Ingvar, Jan Lapins, Veronica Höiom, Julia Newton-Bishop, Håkan Olsson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2020)

Over the past decades, many regions have experienced a steady increase in the incidence of cutaneous melanoma. Here, we report on incidence trends for subsequent primary melanoma.In this nationwide population-based study, patients diagnosed with a first primary cutaneous melanoma reported to the Swedish Cancer Registry were followed for up to 10 years for a diagnosis of subsequent primary melanoma. Patients were grouped with patients diagnosed with first melanoma in the same decade (1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, respectively). Frequencies, incidence rates (IRs), standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for second melanomas were calculated. All tests of statistical significance were 2-sided.Of patients with melanoma, 54 884 were included and 2469 were diagnosed, within 10 years, with subsequent melanomas. Over the 5 decades, there was a statistically significant steady increase in the frequency, IR, and SIR for second primary melanoma. For example, in the 1960s cohort, less than 1% (IR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.5 to 1.7, and IR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.5 to 1.9 per 1000 person-years in women and men, respectively) had second primary melanoma, and this rose to 6.4% (IR = 7.5, 95% CI = 6.8 to 8.3, per 1000 person-years) in the women and 7.9% (IR = 10.3, 95% CI = 9.3 to 11.2, per 1000 person-years) in the men in the 2000s cohort. This rise was seen independent of age, sex, invasiveness, or site of the melanoma. Further, in patients diagnosed with a second melanoma, the frequency of those having more than 2 melanomas increased statistically significantly and was 0.0% in the 1960s and rose to 18.0% in the 2000s (P < .001).This is the first study to evaluate and report on a rising trend for subsequent primary melanoma. Additional primary melanomas worsen the patients' survival, and precautions are needed to turn this steep upgoing trend.
Response to: ‘Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis can manifest lacrimal and salivary glands swelling by granulomatous inflammation: a potential mimicker of IgG4-related disease’ by Akiyama et al
Authors: Augusto Vaglio, Federica Maritati, Jochen Zwerina
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

In their insightful correspondence, Akiyama et al 1 focus on a peculiar feature of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), that is, the involvement of salivary and lacrimal glands, which mimics the Mikulicz disease, a common manifestation of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). Given that EGPA shows high serum IgG4 levels (particularly in its active phases),2 and that IgG4-RD often features allergy, eosinophilia and respiratory tract involvement, the differential diagnosis between these two disorders may be challenging. The observation that patients with EGPA can present with Mikulicz-like salivary and lacrimal gland involvement enhances the difficulty in the differential diagnosis with …
International collaborative efforts to establish kidney health surveillance systems
Authors: Barnaby D. Hole, Katharine M. Evans, Rhodri Pyart, M. Razeen Davids, Carlota Gonzalez Bedat, Norio Hanafusa, David C.H. Harris, Kitty J. Jager, Vivekanand Jha, Kirsten L. Johansen, Stephen McDonald, Ikuto Masakane, Guillermo Rosa-Diez, Rajiv Saran, James B. Wetmore, Fergus J. Caskey
Journal: Kidney International (2020)
Novel inhibitors of the histone methyltransferase DOT1L show potent antileukemic activity in patient-derived xenografts
Authors: Florian Perner, Jayant Y. Gadrey, Yijun Xiong, Charles Hatton, Benjamin K. Eschle, Andreas Weiss, Frédéric Stauffer, Christoph Gaul, Ralph Tiedt, Jennifer A. Perry, Scott A. Armstrong, Andrei V. Krivtsov
Journal: Blood (2020)
Covid-19: Remdesivir is recommended for authorisation by European Medicines Agency
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The antiviral drug remdesivir is the first medicine against covid-19 to be recommended for authorisation in the European Union.The European Medicines Agency's (EMA) human medicines committee has granted a conditional marketing authorisation for remdesivir to treat covid-19 in adults and adolescents from age 12 with pneumonia who require supplemental oxygen. 1 The authorisation allows a drug to be sold for a year in the EU before all necessary data on its efficacy and side effects are available.Since May remdesivir has been made available in the UK to selected NHS patients in hospital with covid-19 through the Early Access to Medicines Scheme, after a positive scientific opinion from the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. 2 The drug has also been approved for emergency use in severely ill patients in the United States, India, and South Korea and has received full approval in Japan.Remdesivir has previously been tested against Ebola and two coronaviruses: Middle East respiratory syndrome and severe acute respiratory syndrome. Time to recoveryThe EMA's positive recommendation is mainly based on preliminary data from a trial sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and published in the New England Journal of Medicine. 3 This trial showed that remdesivir reduced the median time to recovery from 15 days to 11 days when compared with placebo.This effect was not observed in patients with mild to moderate disease: time to recovery was five days in both the remdesivir group and the placebo group.Among patients with severe disease, who constituted about 90% of the patient group, time to recovery was 12 days in the remdesivir group and 18 days in the placebo group.However, no difference was seen in time to recovery in patients who started remdesivir when they were already on mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.Data on the proportion of patients who died up to 28 days after starting treatment are currently being collected for final analysis.Considering the available data, the EMA said that the balance of benefits and risks had been shown to be positive in patients with severe disease.Remdesivir is given by infusion into a vein, and its use is limited to healthcare facilities in which patients can be monitored closely, where liver and kidney function are monitored before and during treatment as appropriate.The manufacturer, Gilead, will have to submit final reports of the remdesivir studies to the EMA by December 2020 and final data on mortality by August 2020.1
Food and mood: how do diet and nutrition affect mental wellbeing?
Authors: Joseph Firth, James E Gangwisch, Alessandra Borsini, Robyn E Wootton, Emeran A Mayer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Poor nutrition may be a causal factor in the experience of low mood, and improving diet may help to protect not only the physical health but also the mental health of the population, say <b>Joseph Firth and colleagues</b>
Improving the management of sciatica
Authors: Bart W Koes
Journal: The Lancet Rheumatology (2020)

Sciatica is a condition involving considerable pain and disability. It is characterised by radiating pain in one leg with or without associated neurological deficits at physical examination.1 Most patients with sciatic symptoms receive conservative (non-surgical) care in a primary care setting, although patients with signs and symptoms indicative of possible cauda equina syndrome need urgent referral. A minority of patients (ie, those with persisting symptoms despite conservative care) are considered for spinal (disc) surgery.
Author Correction: Cas9 activates the p53 pathway and selects for p53-inactivating mutations
Authors: Oana M. Enache, Veronica Rendo, Mai Abdusamad, Daniel Lam, Desiree Davison, Sangita Pal, Naomi Currimjee, Julian Hess, Sasha Pantel, Anwesha Nag, Aaron R. Thorner, John G. Doench, Francisca Vazquez, Rameen Beroukhim, Todd R. Golub, Uri Ben-David
Journal: Nature Genetics (2020)
Chd4 choreographs self-antigen expression for central immune tolerance
Authors: Yoshihiko Tomofuji, Hiroyuki Takaba, Hiroshi I. Suzuki, Rayene Benlaribi, Cristian David Peña Martinez, Yoshihiro Abe, Yasuyuki Morishita, Tadashi Okamura, Akashi Taguchi, Tatsuhiko Kodama, Hiroshi Takayanagi
Journal: Nature Immunology (2020)
Can Depression Be Prevented? If So, How?
Authors: Erin Hoare, Edward Callaly, Michael Berk
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2020)

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Hyper-CVAD regimen in combination with ofatumumab as frontline therapy for adults with Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a single-arm, phase 2 trial
Authors: Elias Jabbour, Guillaume Richard-Carpentier, Yuya Sasaki, Marina Konopleva, Keyur Patel, Kathryn Roberts, Zhaohui Gu, Feng Wang, Xuelin Huang, Koji Sasaki, Nicholas J Short, Nitin Jain, Farhad Ravandi, Naval G Daver, Tapan M Kadia, Yesid Alvarado, Courtney D DiNardo, Ghayas C Issa, Naveen Pemmaraju, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Srdan Verstovsek, Sa Wang, Joseph D Khoury, Jeffrey Jorgensen, Richard Champlin, Issa Khouri, Partow Kebriaei, Heather Schroeder, Maria Khouri, Charles G Mullighan, Koichi Takahashi, Susan M O'Brien, Hagop Kantarjian
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2020)
Nanomedicine Approaches for Advanced Diagnosis and Treatment of Atherosclerosis and Related Ischemic Diseases
Authors: Bin Hu, Kofi Oti Boakye‐Yiadom, Wei Yu, Zi‐Wei Yuan, William Ho, Xiaoyang Xu, Xue‐Qing Zhang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. In response to this and other worldwide health epidemics, nanomedicine has emerged as a rapidly evolving discipline that involves the development of innovative nanomaterials and nanotechnologies and their applications in therapy and diagnosis. Nanomedicine presents unique advantages over conventional medicines due to the superior properties intrinsic to nanoscopic therapies. Once used mainly for cancer therapies, recently, tremendous progress has been made in nanomedicine that has led to an overall improvement in the treatment and diagnosis of CVDs. This review elucidates the pathophysiology and potential targets of atherosclerosis and associated ischemic diseases. It may be fruitful to pursue future work in the nanomedicine‐mediated treatment of CVDs based on these targets. A comprehensive overview is then provided featuring the latest preclinical and clinical outcomes in cardiovascular imaging, biomarker detection, tissue engineering, and nanoscale delivery, with specific emphasis on nanoparticles, nanostructured scaffolds, and nanosensors. Finally, the challenges and opportunities regarding the future development and clinical translation of nanomedicine in related fields are discussed. Overall, this review aims to provide a deep and thorough understanding of the design, application, and future development of nanomedicine for atherosclerosis and related ischemic diseases.
Interaction between the promoter <i>MUC5B</i> polymorphism and mucin expression: is there a difference according to ILD subtype?
Authors: Carmel J Stock, Caterina Conti, Ángeles Montero-Fernandez, Gaetano Caramori, Philip L Molyneaux, Peter M George, Maria Kokosi, Vaslis Kouranos, Toby M Maher, Felix Chua, Alexandra Rice, Christopher P Denton, Andrew G Nicholson, Athol Wells, Piersante Sestini, Elisabetta A Renzoni
Journal: Thorax (2020)

The MUC5B promoter variant rs35705950 is associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). MUC5B glycoprotein is overexpressed in IPF lungs. We examined immunohistochemical expression of MUC5B in different interstitial lung disease patterns according to rs35705950 T-allele carriage. We observed increased expression of MUC5B in T-allele carriers in both distal airways and honeycomb cysts in patients with IPF (n=23), but no difference in MUC5B expression according to T-carrier status in the distal airways of patients with idiopathic non-specific interstitial pneumonitis (n=17), in scleroderma-associated non-specific interstitial pneumonitis (n=15) or in control lungs (n=20), suggesting that tissue overexpression in MUC5B rs35705950 T-carriers is specific to IPF.