tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Revisiting Leonardo da Vinci’s <i>Vitruvian Man</i> Using Contemporary Measurements
Authors: Diana M. Thomas, David Galbreath, Maura Boucher, Krista Watts
Journal: JAMA (2020)

This study uses 3D body scanner measurements of US Air Force recruits to compare ideal body proportions represented by Leonardo da Vinci's Vitruvian Man with contemporary body proportions in young adult men and women.
Mortality and host response aberrations associated with transient and persistent acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with sepsis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Fabrice Uhel, Hessel Peters-Sengers, Fahimeh Falahi, Brendon P. Scicluna, Lonneke A. van Vught, Marc J. Bonten, Olaf L. Cremer, Marcus J. Schultz, Tom van der Poll
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2020)

Sepsis is the most frequent cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). The "Acute Disease Quality Initiative Workgroup" recently proposed new definitions for AKI, classifying it as transient or persistent. We investigated the incidence, mortality, and host response aberrations associated with transient and persistent AKI in sepsis patients. A total of 1545 patients admitted with sepsis to 2 intensive care units in the Netherlands were stratified according to the presence (defined by any urine or creatinine RIFLE criterion within the first 48 h) and evolution of AKI (with persistent defined as remaining > 48 h). We determined 30-day mortality by logistic regression adjusting for confounding variables and analyzed 16 plasma biomarkers reflecting pathways involved in sepsis pathogenesis (n = 866) and blood leukocyte transcriptomes (n = 392). AKI occurred in 37.7% of patients, of which 18.4% was transient and 81.6% persistent. On admission, patients with persistent AKI had higher disease severity scores and more frequently had severe (injury or failure) RIFLE AKI stages than transient AKI patients. Persistent AKI, but not transient AKI, was associated with increased mortality by day 30 and up to 1 year. Persistent AKI was associated with enhanced and sustained inflammatory and procoagulant responses during the first 4 days, and a more severe loss of vascular integrity compared with transient AKI. Baseline blood gene expression showed minimal differences with respect to the presence or evolution of AKI. Persistent AKI is independently associated with sepsis mortality, as well as with sustained inflammatory and procoagulant responses, and loss of vascular integrity as compared with transient AKI.
for the REACT Trial Investigators. Rescue Angioplasty after Failed Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: AH Gershlick, A Stephens-Lloyd, S Hughes, KR Abrams, SE Stevens, [No Value] Uren Ng, A de Belder, J Davis, M Pitt, A Banning, A Baumbach, MF Shiu, P Schofield, KD Dawkins, RA Henderson, [No Value] Oldroyd Kg, R Wilcox
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)
FRI0126 POOR ADHERENCE TO METHOTREXATE IS ASSOCIATED WITH PERSISTENT DISEASE ACTIVITY DURING FOLLOW-UP FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: J. H. Kang, S. E. Choi, H. Xu, D. J. Park, S. S. Lee
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Objectives: Although methotrexate (MTX) is the cornerstone therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), adherence to MTX in these patients is typically suboptimal. Thus, we investigated the proportion of RA patients who were adherent to MTX and whether non-adherence to MTX affected the clinical outcome in these patients during follow-up. Methods: We enrolled 331 RA patients from a single tertiary center. Data were collected at the time of enrollment and then annually for 4 consecutive years. Adherence was defined by the proportion of days covered at 1 year. Patients were divided into two groups: patients who took more than 80% of MTX and those who did not. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the association between drug compliance and clinical outcome. Results: Of the 331 RA patients, 8.7% had taken less than 80% of MTX during the follow-up period. Non-adherent patients had lower EuroQol-5D scores (P=0.013) and higher RAPID3 scores (P=0.004) at baseline than adherent patients. Leflunomide was more commonly prescribed to adherent patients than non-adherent patients (P=0.012). Non-adherent patients had a higher mean Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28)-erythrocyte sedimentation rate score (P=0.001), higher mean DAS28-C-reactive protein (CRP) score (P=0.001), and higher mean rate of tender and swollen joints (P=0.003 and P=0.002, respectively) than adherent patients. In the multivariate analysis, poor MTX adherence was significantly associated with a higher mean DAS28-CRP score (odds ratio, 0.270; 95% confidence interval, 0.165–0.444; P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Adherence to MTX can affect disease activity during follow-up in Korean patients with RA. Our results provide a rationale for patient education to maintain good drug adherence in RA patients, to control disease activity. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Consensus recommendations for a dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI protocol for use in high-grade gliomas
Authors: Jerrold L Boxerman, Chad C Quarles, Leland S Hu, Bradley J Erickson, Elizabeth R Gerstner, Marion Smits, Timothy J Kaufmann, Daniel P Barboriak, Raymond H Huang, Wolfgang Wick, Michael Weller, Evanthia Galanis, Jayashree Kalpathy-Cramer, Lalitha Shankar, Paula Jacobs, Caroline Chung, Martin J van den Bent, Susan Chang, W K Al Yung, Timothy F Cloughesy, Patrick Y Wen, Mark R Gilbert, Bruce R Rosen, Benjamin M Ellingson, Kathleen M Schmainda, David F Arons, Ann Kingston, David Sandak, Max Wallace, Al Musella, Chas Haynes
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2020)

Despite the widespread clinical use of dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI, DSC-MRI methodology has not been standardized, hindering its utilization for response assessment in multicenter trials. Recently, the DSC-MRI Standardization Subcommittee of the Jumpstarting Brain Tumor Drug Development Coalition issued an updated consensus DSC-MRI protocol compatible with the standardized brain tumor imaging protocol (BTIP) for high-grade gliomas that is increasingly used in the clinical setting and is the default MRI protocol for the National Clinical Trials Network. After reviewing the basis for controversy over DSC-MRI protocols, this paper provides evidence-based best practices for clinical DSC-MRI as determined by the Committee, including pulse sequence (gradient echo vs spin echo), BTIP-compliant contrast agent dosing (preload and bolus), flip angle (FA), echo time (TE), and post-processing leakage correction. In summary, full-dose preload, full-dose bolus dosing using intermediate (60°) FA and field strength-dependent TE (40-50 ms at 1.5 T, 20-35 ms at 3 T) provides overall best accuracy and precision for cerebral blood volume estimates. When single-dose contrast agent usage is desired, no-preload, full-dose bolus dosing using low FA (30°) and field strength-dependent TE provides excellent performance, with reduced contrast agent usage and elimination of potential systematic errors introduced by variations in preload dose and incubation time.
Abstract B28: Large and polymorphonuclear circulating cancer-associated cell with dual epithelial and macrophage/myeloid phenotype as a liquid biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Yariswamy Manjunath, Diego M. Avella, Eric T. Kimchi, Kevin F. Staveley-O'Carroll, Chelsea B. Deroche, Gunagfu Li, Jussuf T. Kaifi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Purpose: In addition to the FDA-approved definition of a circulating tumor cell (CTC), various phenotypes of circulating cancer-associated cells in the blood have been described. A distinct large (&amp;gt;30μm), polymorphonuclear, circulating, cancer-associated cell (CCAC) with a dual epithelial and macrophage/myeloid phenotype has been identified in solid cancer patients. The goal of the study was to identify and further characterize these hybrid CCACs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Experimental Design: In a prospective trial, 7.5 mL of peripheral blood was collected from 167 subjects. CTCs and CCACs were isolated by size-based exclusion with a microfilter and immunofluorescence staining was performed (cytokeratin (CK) 8/18/19, EpCAM, CD14/45, DAPI). Results: 78 NSCLC patients and 89 control subjects (69 chronic smokers with and without lung nodules on screening LDCT, 20 healthy never-smokers) were enrolled. Distinct, large, polymorphonuclear CKpos/EpCAMpos/CD14/45pos CCACs were detected at lower rates than traditional CKpos/EpCAMpos/CD45negCTCs, but significantly higher in subjects with NSCLC in comparison to controls (p&amp;lt;0.05). These cells and traditional CTCs were absent in 20 healthy controls. In contrast to CTCs, counts of large and polymorphonuclear CCACs were not associated with tumor stages. However, ≥2 CCACs correlated with significantly poorer survival and higher recurrence rates by uni- and multivariate analysis (p&amp;lt;0.05). Conclusions and Future Perspectives: This study shows that in addition to CTCs, a distinct, large, polymorphonuclear CCAC with a dual epithelial and macrophage/myeloid phenotype is associated with an aggressive clinical behavior in NSCLC patients. The biologic role of these unique cells will need to be further investigated, as these may have a potential impact on the immune response towards the cancer. Citation Format: Yariswamy Manjunath, Diego M. Avella, Eric T. Kimchi, Kevin F. Staveley-O'Carroll, Chelsea B. Deroche, Gunagfu Li, Jussuf T. Kaifi. Large and polymorphonuclear circulating cancer-associated cell with dual epithelial and macrophage/myeloid phenotype as a liquid biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Liquid Biopsies; Jan 13-16, 2020; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(11_Suppl):Abstract nr B28.
Deletion of Fructokinase in the Liver or in the Intestine Reveals Differential Effects on Sugar-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction
Authors: Ana Andres-Hernando, David J. Orlicky, Masanari Kuwabara, Takuji Ishimoto, Takahiko Nakagawa, Richard J. Johnson, Miguel A. Lanaspa
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2020)
Abstract 14250: Quantitative Analysis of Chest X-Ray Using Deep Learning to Predict Pulmonary to Systemic Flow Ratio in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Shuhei Toba, Yoshihide Mitani, Hiroyuki Ohashi, Hirofumi Sawada, Noriko Yodoya, Hidetoshi Hayakawa, Masahiro Hirayama, Ayano Futsuki, Naoki Yamamoto, Hisato Ito, Takeshi Konuma, Hideto Shimpo, Motoshi Takao
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Chest X-ray is a useful noninvasive modality to evaluate pulmonary blood flow status in patients with congenital heart disease, although its predictive value is limited by the subjectiv...
Evaluating the credibility of anchor based estimates of minimal important differences for patient reported outcomes: instrument development and reliability study
Authors: Tahira Devji, Alonso Carrasco-Labra, Anila Qasim, Mark Phillips, Bradley C Johnston, Niveditha Devasenapathy, Dena Zeraatkar, Meha Bhatt, Xuejing Jin, Romina Brignardello-Petersen, Olivia Urquhart, Farid Foroutan, Stefan Schandelmaier, Hector Pardo-Hernandez, Robin WM Vernooij, Hsiaomin Huang, Yamna Rizwan, Reed Siemieniuk, Lyubov Lytvyn, Donald L Patrick, Shanil Ebrahim, Toshi Furukawa, Gihad Nesrallah, Holger J Schünemann, Mohit Bhandari, Lehana Thabane, Gordon H Guyatt
Journal: BMJ (2020)

To develop an instrument to evaluate the credibility of anchor based minimal important differences (MIDs) for outcome measures reported by patients, and to assess the reliability of the instrument.Instrument development and reliability study.Initial criteria were developed for evaluating the credibility of anchor based MIDs based on a literature review (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycInfo databases) and the experience of the authors in the methodology for estimation of MIDs. Iterative discussions by the team and pilot testing with experts and potential users facilitated the development of the final instrument.With the newly developed instrument, pairs of masters, doctoral, or postdoctoral students with a background in health research methodology independently evaluated the credibility of a sample of MID estimates.Core credibility criteria applicable to all anchor types, additional criteria for transition rating anchors, and inter-rater reliability coefficients were determined.The credibility instrument has five core criteria: the anchor is rated by the patient; the anchor is interpretable and relevant to the patient; the MID estimate is precise; the correlation between the anchor and the outcome measure reported by the patient is satisfactory; and the authors select a threshold on the anchor that reflects a small but important difference. The additional criteria for transition rating anchors are: the time elapsed between baseline and follow-up measurement for estimation of the MID is optimal; and the correlations of the transition rating with the baseline, follow-up, and change score in the patient reported outcome measures are satisfactory. Inter-rater reliability coefficients (ĸ) for the core criteria and for one item from the additional criteria ranged from 0.70 to 0.94. Reporting issues prevented the evaluation of the reliability of the three other additional criteria for the transition rating anchors.Researchers, clinicians, and healthcare policy decision makers can consider using this instrument to evaluate the design, conduct, and analysis of studies estimating anchor based minimal important differences.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Related to COVID-19 in Previously Healthy Children and Adolescents in New York City
Authors: Eva W. Cheung, Philip Zachariah, Mark Gorelik, Alexis Boneparth, Steven G. Kernie, Jordan S. Orange, Joshua D. Milner
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Clinical Characteristics of Children With SARS-CoV-2–Associated Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome
COVID-19 Pneumonia Mimicking Immunotherapy-Induced Pneumonitis on 18F-FDG PET/CT in a Patient Under Treatment With Nivolumab
Authors: Carlos Artigas, Marc Lemort, Fabienne Mestrez, Thierry Gil, Patrick Flamen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract Within a few months, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic with more than 2 million patients infected and a high mortality rate. Early detection of COVID-19 in oncologic patients is crucial in order to rapidly apply isolation measures and avoid nosocomial spread. However, early diagnosis may be challenging, especially in cancer patients under treatment with immunotherapy as drug-induced pneumonitis can present similar clinical and radiological features. We describe the findings of a SARS-CoV-2 infection on PET/CT with 18 F-FDG in a 51-year-old man with metastatic renal cell carcinoma under treatment with nivolumab.
Wandering pulmonary shadows coinciding with pericardial and pleural effusions
Authors: Yusaku Nishikawa, Osamu Nishiyama, Shigeki Shimizu, Akiko Sano, Yuji Tohda
Journal: Thorax (2020)

A 43-year-old man was referred to a nearby hospital because of exertional dyspnoea. Chest radiography revealed an enlarged heart and bilateral lower lung infiltrates (figure 1A). Chest CT revealed bilateral basal pulmonary consolidations, pericardial effusion and small amounts of pleural effusion bilaterally (figure 1B). He was referred to our hospital and underwent pericardiocentesis. Because of a high triglyceride concentration in the pericardial effusate (1287 mg/dL), the patient was diagnosed with chylopericardium. He was prescribed a low-fat diet with subsequent resolution of the pericardial effusion and exertional dyspnoea. Although the bilateral consolidations on chest CT also resolved (figure 1C), on the following year, ground-glass opacities appeared, mainly in the right upper lobe and right S6 (figure 1D). The patient’s physical examination and blood test results were unremarkable. His pulmonary function tests were normal. The findings of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from …
Molecular analysis in cytological samples obtained by endobronchial or oesophageal ultrasound guided needle aspiration in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: C. Centeno, P. Serra Mitja, M. Avila, E. Carcereny, A.M. Muñoz-Mármol, T. Moran, E. Castellà, J. Sanz-Santos, I. García Olivé, J.L. Ramirez Serrano, A. Rosell Gratacos, F. Andreo García
Journal: Pulmonology (2020)

Cytological samples obtained by endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) are capital for diagnosis, staging and molecular profile in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). To assess the success rate of complete, partial and individual of molecular analysis in samples obtained by EBUS-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) and/or by oesophageal ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration with an echobronchoscope (EUS-B-FNA) in patients with NSCLC. Prospective study including 90 patients with non-squamous NSCLC, or non-smoking squamous. Cytological samples were classified into two groups. Group 1: PEN membrane slide and/or cell blocks for the determination of mutations of EGFR, KRAS, ERBB2 and BRAF. Group 2: silane coated slides or cell blocks for rearrangements of ALK, ROS1 and MET amplification. The success rate was 78.6% for 4 molecular alterations (EGFR, KRAS, ALK and ROS1), and 44% for 7 determinations. The individual success rate for EGFR was 97%, KRAS 96.3%, ALK 85%, ROS1 82.3%, ERBB2 71.4%, BRAF 67.7% and MET 81.1%. There were no significant differences (p = 0.489) in the number of molecular analyses (1–3 vs. 4) in group 1, depending on the types of samples (cell block vs. PEN membrane slide vs. cell block and PEN membrane slide). In patients with NSCLC, the cytological material obtained by ultrasound-guided needle aspiration is sufficient for individual and partial molecular analysis in the vast majority of cases. Membrane slides such as cell blocks are valid samples for molecular analysis.
Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Glucose Control: Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data From People With Diabetes on Intensive Insulin Therapy
Authors: Ernesto Maddaloni, Lucia Coraggio, Silvia Pieralice, Angela Carlone, Paolo Pozzilli, Raffaella Buzzetti
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak forced Italy to begin lockdown on 9 March 2020. This suddenly changed the daily routine of people with diabetes, increasing sedentary behavior, changing eating patterns, and increasing their psychological burden (1,2), all of which may result in changes in glucose control. This is especially relevant for patients on complex therapeutic regimens such as multiple daily injections (MDI) of insulin or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Therefore, the COVID-19 lockdown is an unprecedented model to investigate how acute changes in lifestyle affect glucose control in diabetes.

To investigate the effects of lockdown on ambulatory glucose metrics, defined according to the international consensus on time in range (TIR) (3), we performed an analysis of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data of the 14 days preceding (baseline: 24 February to 8 March 2020) and following (lockdown: 10 March to 25 March 2020) the extension of lockdown to the whole of Italy in people with diabetes on MDI or CSII. After exclusion of individuals unable to upload data on online platforms or who had contact with diabetologists for therapeutic changes, 55 adults (43.6% male, median [25th, 75th percentile] age 41 [28, 49] years, disease duration 11 [5, 23] years) with diabetes (90.9% autoimmune, 5.5% type 2, 3.6% post-pancreatectomy) treated with MDI (≥4 insulin injections per day, 50.9%) or CSII (49.1%) …
Identification of novel regions of genomic copy number alteration in mantle cell lymphoma by array comparative genomic hybridization to a 97,299 element whole genome DNA array
Authors: Ronald J. Deleeuw, Jonathan Davies, Laura-Jane Henderson, Gwyn Bebb, Randy Gascoyne, Douglas Horsman, Wan L. Lam
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

1698  Introduction: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that is incurable with current chemotherapeutic approaches and has a median survival of approximately 3 years. MCL is uniquely characterized by a t(11;14) translocation involving the IGH and BCL1 loci, resulting in over expression of Cyclin D1 and deregulated cell cycle control. However this translocation alone can not initiate lymphomagenesis and multiple secondary genomic alterations have been reported. Hypotheses: MCL pathogenesis occurs via multiple genomic alterations and the critical alterations will be present in multiple patients and detectable in MCL cell lines. Objective: Alignment of high resolution genomic profiles from multiple MCL cell lines will reveal minimal regions of alteration important in the pathogenesis of MCL. Experimental Approach: Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is a technique used to determine regional DNA copy number changes across an entire genome. However, conventional CGH’s resolution is limited to 10-20 Mb. A recent advancement in CGH is to improve resolution by changing the target metaphase chromosomal DNA to discrete segments of DNA spotted as a microarray. This results in resolution that is dependent on the size and spacing of the selected segments as opposed to identifying chromosomal bands on metaphase chromosomes. Currently, the whole genome has been arrayed as 32,433 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) derived amplified fragment pools spotted in triplicate (97,299 elements) resulting in an effective resolution of ∼0.08 Mb with complete coverage of the sequenced human genome. Results: This whole genome array was used to generate high resolution segmental copy number profiles of seven MCL cell lines (Granta-519, HBL-2, NCEB-1, Rec-1, SP49, UPN-1, and Z138C). Alignment of these profiles with the human genome map has resulted in the identification of multiple common regions of genomic alteration. These encompass both novel and previously reported regions. Conclusions: The generation of these high resolution segmental copy number profiles allows the identification of candidate genes involved in the pathogenesis of MCL as well as lead to an increased understanding of MCL. Acknowledgements: This work was supported by funds from Genome Canada/British Columbia. We would like to thank Chad Malloff and Spencer Watson for array CGH assistance and Susanne Grohmann for fluorescent in-situ hybridization.