tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Same label—different product: time to review the hiring criteria for therapists in sport
Authors: Graham Neil Smith
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2019)

Before 1988, there were no specific rules in the UK as to who could be appointed as a ‘physiotherapist’ in sport, especially professional football. Seems very strange, I know!

However, in 1988, I was part of a group who recommended that therapists in professional football had to be chartered physiotherapists. A 'grandfather clause' was also included that those already working with teams could continue, as long as they had a minimum level of qualification at diploma level. This was intended as an interim qualification to be phased out as our recommendation took effect. This was accepted and, from 1991, all members of therapy teams within English professional football had formal, objectively assessed training. The ‘grandfather clause’ then provided an educational pathway for ‘unqualified’ practitioners already working in football, who had excellent practical skills, but needed to enhance their underpinning theoretical knowledge.

The recommendation was undoubtedly correct at that time because physiotherapists had the training, scope of practice and skills necessary to fulfil the role of a therapist working in professional football. Additionally, the physiotherapist’s role was multi-faceted (soft tissue therapist, …
Abstract B15: Increased presence of T follicular helper cells in lung adenocarcinoma is associated with mutational load
Authors: Katey S.S. Enfield, Kevin W. Ng, Erin A. Marshall, Spencer D. Martin, Wan L. Lam
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Tertiary lymphoid organs are ectopic lymphoid formations found in inflamed tissues such as tumors, and their presence has been associated with improved patient outcome. T follicular helper cells (Tfh) reside in the germinal centre of tertiary lymphoid organs, and are required for the maturation of B cells and subsequent antibody response. Whereas the prognostic value of Tfh has been described in breast and colon tumors, they remain uncharacterized in lung tumors. We hypothesize that Tfh cells reside in lung adenocarcinomas and are associated with an increased immune response due to neoantigen exposure. Gene expression profiles were obtained from 83 paired lung adenocarcinomas and nonmalignant lung tissues from the BC Cancer Agency, and 571 unpaired samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Relative proportions of 22 immune cell subsets were inferred from gene expression data using CIBERSORT, a deconvolution algorithm. Identification of tertiary lymphoid organs was achieved through multicolor immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for T- and B-cell lineage markers (CD3 and CD79a) using whole tissue sections. Proportions of Tfh cells were correlated with tumor mutation load defined as non-silent mutations per megabase (Mann Whitney U test) and patient outcome (Cox proportional hazard model). The proportion of Tfh cells was significantly increased in tumor tissue compared to nonmalignant lung in both cohorts. We also observed concomitant upregulation of Tfh markers PD1 and CXCR5. Multicolor IHC validated the presence of tertiary lymphoid organs in 19 out of 20 cases assessed. Intriguingly, the increase in the proportion of Tfh cells revealed by CIBERSORT was observed across all disease stages and was validated in an additional cohort of Stage I lung adenocarcinomas. The relative proportion of Tfh cells did, however, increase with increasing tumor mutation burden, suggesting their involvement in an active immune response against tumor neoantigens. Tfh recruitment appears to be an early event in lung tumor progression and a function of neoantigen exposure, suggesting involvement in an active antitumor response rather than a passive result of chronic inflammation. Further investigation into Tfh in lung adenocarcinomas may lead to prognostic applications. Citation Format: Katey S.S. Enfield, Kevin W. Ng, Erin A. Marshall, Spencer D. Martin, Wan L. Lam. Increased presence of T follicular helper cells in lung adenocarcinoma is associated with mutational load [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR-IASLC International Joint Conference: Lung Cancer Translational Science from the Bench to the Clinic; Jan 8-11, 2018; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(17_Suppl):Abstract nr B15.
COLORECTAL CANCER IN FAMILIAL ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS: RESULTS FROM THE DANISH POLYPOSIS REGISTRY
Authors: J Gásdal Karstensen, J Burisch, HC Pommergaard, H Højen, N Jespersen, L Aalling, P Nordblad Schmidt, S Bülow
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant disorder that predisposes to colorectal cancer (CRC). The Danish Polyposis Registry is a nationwide, complete registry of FAP patients that coordinates a surveillance program consisting of 1) tracing and genotyping of 1st degree relatives and 2) annual or biannual colonoscopies until referral to colectomy or proctocolectomy. We aimed this study to assess efficacy of the surveillance program including the incidence, prevalence, and crude survival rates of CRC for Danish FAP patients.
Abstract P034: Comparison of the Prognostic Value of 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) and the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: Bethany Warren, Alexandra K Lee, Christie Ballantyne, Ron Hoogeveen, James S Pankow, Anna Kottgen, Elizabeth Selvin
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: 1,5-AG is a biomarker that reflects hyperglycemic excursions. Unlike the OGTT, 1,5-AG requires only a single blood draw and is a non-fasting test. It is unknown if 1,5-AG could serve as a substitute for OGTT and whether it provides complementary information to fasting glucose (FG) for prediction of diabetes and long-term clinical outcomes. Methods: We included 6,711 ARIC participants without diagnosed diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and CVD that attended visit 4 (1996-98). Participants were followed for up to 18 years for incident diagnosed diabetes, CKD, CVD, and all-cause mortality. We used Harrell’s C-statistic from Cox models to compare the prognostic value of 1,5-AG to OGTT beyond a base model of demographic factors and body mass index. Restricted cubic splines (4 knots) were used to flexibly model the biomarkers with each of the outcomes. Results: Both OGTT and 1,5-AG provided information beyond the base model for risk discrimination of incident diagnosed diabetes ( p &lt;0.05; Table). However, OGTT provided statistically significantly more information than 1,5-AG (difference in C-statistic: 0.087 (95%CI, 0.075, 0.099)). While 1,5-AG otherwise did not provide more information for future outcomes than the base model, OGTT statistically significantly improved the base model for prediction of CKD, CVD, and all-cause mortality. For incident diagnosed diabetes, inclusion of FG in the models maintained that OGTT provided more information than 1,5-AG for risk discrimination. Inclusion of all three biomarkers (FG, 1,5-AG, and OGTT) was not statistically significantly better than a model with FG and OGTT for future diagnosed diabetes ( p =0.687). Conclusion: 1,5-AG could not sufficiently substitute for the OGTT as a test to identify those at risk of future diabetes. Additionally, glycemic excursions captured by 1,5-AG did not provide additional prognostic value beyond glucose-based tests among those without diagnosed diabetes, suggesting the utility of 1,5-AG is limited to persons with overt diabetes.
Oral epithelial dysplasia: Causes, quantification, prognosis, and management challenges
Authors: Wanninayake M. Tilakaratne, Primali R. Jayasooriya, Nadeena S. Jayasuriya, Rohana Kumara De Silva
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2019)

Oral epithelial dysplasia is a spectrum of architectural and cytological epithelial changes caused by accumulation of genetic changes, and is associated with an increased risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma. It is a microscopic diagnosis of immense clinical importance. The initial reports of oral potentially malignant disorders with oral epithelial dysplasia transforming to oral cancer helped in understanding the nature of oral malignancies. Since then, clinical studies on oral potentially malignant disorders have combined microscopic findings of oral epithelial dysplasia to assess the malignant transformation potential of different grades of epithelial dysplasia. A significant amount of scientific literature has amassed on oral epithelial dysplasia relating to aspects of its diagnosis and management. However, the evidence base is weak as a result of the significant variability of published research. Poorly described study methods, variability in different oral epithelial dysplasia grading systems, inter- and intra-examiner variability causing issues of reliability, inadequate sample size, and inconsistent durations of follow-up are some of the methodological issues contributing to the failure to provide dependable information. Randomized clinical trials on the malignant transformation potential of oral epithelial dysplasia and its treatment outcomes are limited. This comprehensive literature review on oral epithelial dysplasia summarizes the scientific knowledge published in the scientific literature in English since its first description. The historical development, etiological factors, grading systems, diagnostic criteria, assessment of risk factors and prevention of malignant transformation, management principles of different grades of oral epithelial dysplasia (surgical and nonsurgical), recommendations on follow-up, and prognostic indicators are discussed in detail.
Efficacité et tolérance du traitement des sténoses biliaires malignes par technique du rendez-vous percutanée après échec de CPRE
Authors: C Yzet, C Chivot, T Yzet, F Brazier, S Hakim, H Thiebault, JP Le Mouel, M Fumery, E Nguyen-Khac, R Delcenserie
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Le drainage des voies biliaires en cas de sténose néoplasique est justifié en cas d'angiocholite, de prurit sévère, de billirubinémie > à 150 µmol/l ou de traitement palliatif. La technique de référence est la CPRE avec stenting biliaire. Dans 5 à 10% des cas le drainage biliaire par CPRE se solde par un échec. L'objectif de notre étude est d'évaluer le taux de succès et de complication de la technique du rendez-vous percutanée (RVPC) en cas d'échec de CPRE.
Compromised cancer-specific survival among under-insured Chinese patients with breast cancer: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Y. Xie, U. Valdimarsdóttir, Q. Gou, C. Wang, K. Hu, R. Tamimi, H. Zheng, D. Lu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

Background: Little is known about whether health insurance policies, particularly in developing countries, influence breast cancer prognosis. We aimed to examine the association between individual health insurance coverage plan among patients with invasive breast cancer in China and risks of breast cancer-specific mortality. Methods: We included 7,436 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between January 1st, 2009, and December 31st, 2016, at West China Hospital, Sichuan University. The health insurance plan of each patient was classified into urban and rural schemes by insurance type, as well as low (0-69%) and high (70%-100%) reimbursement rate by the median. Cancer-specific mortality (i.e., death due to breast cancer) was the primary outcome, while overall mortality was the secondary outcome. Adjusting for multiple demographic and clinical covariates, we used Cox proportional hazards model, to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of cancer-specific mortality, contrasting rates among patients with a rural scheme or low reimbursement rate to that of those with an urban scheme or high reimbursement rate, respectively. Results: During the median follow-up of 3.1 years, we identified 372 deaths, of which 326 (87.6%) were due to breast cancer. Compared with patients insured by an urban scheme, patients under rural scheme were at 35% increased rate of cancer-specific mortality (95% CI 5% to 72%) after adjusting for demographics, tumor characteristics and treatment modes. Patients at low reimbursement rate were at 42% increased rate of cancer-specific mortality (95% CI 11% to 81%) as compared to patients at high reimbursement rate. Importantly, every increase of 10% at reimbursement rate was associated with 7% (95% CI, 2% to 12%) reduction in rates of cancer-specific mortality. Greater risk reductions were observed particularly in patients insured by rural scheme (28%, 95% CI 12% to 41%). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that under-insured breast cancer patients in China face increased risk of cancer-specific mortality. Legal entity responsible for the study: West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 81872307), Swedish Research Council (grant number 2018-00648), Karolinska Institutet Research Foundation (grant number 2018-01585) and the Key Research and Development Project of Sichuan Province of China (Grant No. 2017SZ0005). Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
IMPROVED REAL-WORLD LESION DETECTION WITH HIGH-QUALITY VERSUS ADEQUATE LEVEL COLON CLEANSING: POST HOC ANALYSIS OF RANDOMISED CLINICAL TRIALS USING THE BOSTON BOWEL PREPARATION SCALE
Authors: J Manning, B Amlani, C Hassan
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Adequate colon cleansing permits detection of small (> 5 mm) polyps and is defined as a segmental Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) score of at least 2 (overall 6). Minimal targeted lesion sizes may however vary by practice. This post hoc analysis of three randomised clinical trials assessed real-world lesion detection versus BBPS scores assessed with academic rigor.
Letter to Editor: Screening Colonoscopy in Patients Evaluated for Liver Transplantation: Look Before You Leap
Authors: Chimezie U. Mbachi, Ayokunle T. Abegunde
Journal: Hepatology (2019)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. To the Editor: We read with interest the paper by Oey and colleagues.1 Although the argument for caution regarding the safety of colonoscopy in patients evaluated for liver transplant (LT) has merit, the low yield of colorectal cancer (CRC) in their study is not surprising considering that the majority of patients were average risk.1 However, low yield of CRC is a soft argument against screening colonoscopy in pre‐LT patients because evidence suggests that the risk of advanced adenoma (AA) and CRC significantly increases after LT.2 Although the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) would reduce the total number of screening colonoscopies performed in pre‐LT patients, it does not obviate the need for colonoscopy in those patients who test positive. FIT‐positive pre‐LT patients would still be at risk for the reported postcolonoscopy complications if standard polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution is used for bowel preparation. Kimura and colleagues evaluated OC‐light FIT (cutoff 10 μg/g of feces) in 20,886 average‐risk patients; 2,930 patients (8.3%) had a positive result.3 A positive FIT had a positive predictive value of 3.0% for CRC and 20.8% for AA.3 If the same test characteristics of OC‐light FIT from that study are applied to the population in the study by Oey and colleagues (n = 808), it is expected that 67 (8.3%) patients would have a positive FIT. CRC will be detected in 2 (3%) patients and AA will be detected in 14 (20.8%) patients undergoing colonoscopy. FIT will miss about 30 patients with AA that may progress to CRC after LT in the setting of immunosuppressive therapy. Furthermore, a recent systematic review and meta‐analysis of 31 studies (n = 120,255) evaluating FIT at different cut‐off values for CRC and AA detection revealed that OC‐light FIT (cut‐off value 10 μg/g) had a sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 91%, respectively, with a false‐positive rate of 9%, which is unacceptably high for an annual screening test.4 The sensitivity and specificity for detecting AA was 43% and 90%, respectively, with an unacceptably high false‐negative rate of 57%.4 Moreover, FIT is ineffective for detecting sessile serrated polyps.5 Although prospective studies evaluating the use of FIT in pre‐LT patients are warranted, colonoscopy remains the screening procedure of choice in pre‐LT patients.
Response by Naftali-Shani et al to Letter Regarding Article, “Modeling Peripartum Cardiomyopathy With Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reveals Distinctive Abnormal Function of Cardiomyocytes”
Authors: Nili Naftali-Shani, Michael Arad, Rafael Kuperstein, Uri Amit, Jonathan Leor
Journal: Circulation (2019)
The Gut Microbiome Influences Host Endocrine Functions
Authors: Marialetizia Rastelli, Patrice D Cani, Claude Knauf
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2019)

The gut microbiome is considered an organ contributing to the regulation of host metabolism. Since the relationship between the gut microbiome and specific diseases was elucidated, numerous studies have deciphered molecular mechanisms explaining how gut bacteria interact with host cells and eventually shape metabolism. Both metagenomic and metabolomic analyses have contributed to the discovery of bacterial-derived metabolites acting on host cells. In this review, we examine the molecular mechanisms by which bacterial metabolites act as paracrine or endocrine factors, thereby regulating host metabolism. We highlight the impact of specific short-chain fatty acids on the secretion of gut peptides (i.e., glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY) and other metabolites produced from different amino acids and regulating inflammation, glucose metabolism, or energy homeostasis. We also discuss the role of gut microbes on the regulation of bioactive lipids that belong to the endocannabinoid system and specific neurotransmitters (e.g., γ-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, nitric oxide). Finally, we review the role of specific bacterial components (i.e., ClpB, Amuc_1100) also acting as endocrine factors and eventually controlling host metabolism. In conclusion, this review summarizes the recent state of the art, aiming at providing evidence that the gut microbiome influences host endocrine functions via several bacteria-derived metabolites.
Pathogen Molecular Pattern Receptor Agonists: Treating Cancer by Mimicking Infection
Authors: Mark Aleynick, Judit Svensson-Arvelund, Christopher R. Flowers, Aurélien Marabelle, Joshua D. Brody
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Immunotherapies such as checkpoint blockade have achieved durable benefits for patients with advanced stage cancer and have changed treatment paradigms. However, these therapies rely on a patient's own a priori primed tumor-specific T cells, limiting their efficacy to a subset of patients. Because checkpoint blockade is most effective in patients with inflamed or “hot” tumors, a priority in the field is learning how to “turn cold tumors hot.” Inflammation is generally initiated by innate immune cells, which receive signals through pattern recognition receptors (PRR)–a diverse family of receptors that sense conserved molecular patterns on pathogens, alarming the immune system of an invading microbe. Their immunostimulatory properties can reprogram the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment and activate antigen-presenting cells to present tumors antigens, driving de novo tumor-specific T-cell responses. These features, among others, make PRR-targeting therapies an attractive strategy in immuno-oncology. Here, we discuss mechanisms of PRR activation, highlighting ongoing clinical trials and recent preclinical advances focused on therapeutically targeting PRRs to treat cancer.
ENDOSCOPIC SPHINCTEROTOMY IN RECURRENT AND CHRONIC GENETIC PANCREATITIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: S Faraci, V Balassone, F Rea, F Torroni, EF Romeo, T Caldaro, AC Contini, R Tambucci, G Angelino, G Federici, P De Angelis, L Dall'Oglio
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Recurrent and chronic pancreatitis in children have a greater association with genetic mutations, such as mutations of the cationic trypsinogen protease serine 1 (PRSS1), serine protease inhibitor, Kazal type 1 (SPINK1), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR), and chymotrypsin C (CTRC). Little literature to support endoscopic sphincterotomy, it usually is indicated in patients with higher burden of attacks.
Cardiac glial cells release neurotrophic S100B upon catheter-based treatment of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Katharina Scherschel, Katja Hedenus, Christiane Jungen, Marc D. Lemoine, Nicole Rübsamen, Marieke W. Veldkamp, Niklas Klatt, Diana Lindner, Dirk Westermann, Simona Casini, Pawel Kuklik, Christian Eickholt, Nikolaj Klöcker, Kalyanam Shivkumar, Torsten Christ, Tanja Zeller, Stephan Willems, Christian Meyer
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2019)

Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation induces intracardiac neural damage characterized by glial S100B release, which promotes nerve sprouting.
Brain metastasis of breast cancer: A 10-year single institution retrospective analysis
Authors: M. Vaz Batista, T.C. Tomás, I.F. Eiriz, S.B. Almeida, M. Vitorino, G. Atalaia, A. del Rio, S. Braga
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

Background: In cohort studies, estimated incidence of breast cancer (BC) brain metastases (BM) is about 5%. This number seems to be increasing, due to longer survival. We intend to characterize the population of breast cancer patients treated in a single institution who developed BM in a 10-year-period. Methods: Retrospective descriptive study revising clinical charts of BC patients with BM, diagnosed between January 2008 - January 2018. Data on patient and tumour characteristics, treatments and outcomes were analysed using IBM SPPS statistics. Results: From 217 patients with metastatic BC in our institution, 21 developed BM (9,7%), all females. Median age at diagnosis was 45 years (28-66), the majority were de novostage IV (38,1%) patients. Only one patient presented BM at diagnosis. The most frequent molecular subtype was Luminal B (38,1%), followed by HER2 + (33,3%). Median time to BM were 30 months (0-143). Time to BM was not associated with molecular subtype (pearson χ2 = 63, p = 0,37) nor with age at diagnosis (pearson χ2 = 357, p = 0,252). Eleven patients had a single lesion at presentation, of whom 5 were submitted to surgery and 1 to stereotaxic radiotherapy. Nine patients had multiple lesions at CNS presentation. Sixteen patients received whole-brain radiotherapy. Two patients had meningeous carcinomatosis (MC) as exclusive CNS manifestation, while other 3 patients developed MC after previously diagnosed BM. Four patients received intrathecal therapy: 1 with methotrexate (Her 2 -) and 3 with trastuzumab (Her 2 +). Median survival after MC was 1,4 months. From the 21 patients with BM, 12 (57%) died within a median of 8,5 months (0-50). Nine patients are still alive with a median follow-up time since BM of 28 months (9-156). Conclusions: Within a 10-year period, we found a prevalence of BM of 9,7% in our institution, which is higher than published data. Noteworthy, 9 patients are still alive after BM management. As expected, MC was rare (5 patients), and prognosis was poor. The 4 patients treated with intrathecal therapy seem to have had limited benefit. In conclusion, BM are a relevant problem in BC with low survival and more effective treatments are needed. Legal entity responsible for the study: Marta Vaz Batista. Funding: Has not received any funding. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Bilateral Adrenal Extremely Intense Metabolic Activity on 18F-FDG PET/CT in a Patient With Pheochromocytomas
Authors: Xueqi Chen, Guoqian Chen, Zhanli Fu, Qian Li
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Abstract Bilateral adrenal masses were found by ultrasound on a 55-year-old man with sudden onset of chest distress and palpitation after drinking alcohol. After the negative laboratory tests of plasma catecholamine and urinary vanillylmandelic acid, the 18 F-FDG PET/CT revealed extremely intense metabolic activity in the bilateral adrenal lesions, and the subsequent 131 I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy also showed increased radioactivity in the lesions. The pathology of surgery confirmed the diagnosis of bilateral pheochromocytomas.