tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Using 18F-FDG PET/CT for the Evaluation of Bone Marrow Involvement in Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Yoshiaki Abe, Akihiro Kitadate, Yoshiaki Usui, Kentaro Narita, Hiroki Kobayashi, Daisuke Miura, Masami Takeuchi, Eri O'uchi, Toshihiro O'uchi, Kosei Matsue
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Purpose No study has analyzed a sizeable cohort that comprised solely peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) patients for the diagnostic and prognostic performance of 18 F-FDG PET/CT for bone marrow (BM) involvement. This study aimed to investigate the utility of PET/CT for the identification of BM involvement and to explore its prognostic relevance in patients with PTCL. Methods Eighty-three consecutive patients with newly diagnosed PTCL were enrolled in this retrospective study. The diagnosis of BM involvement was confirmed on the basis of positive BM histology or disappearance of marrow abnormalities on follow-up PET/CT concurrently with a successful treatment response. Results Of 28 patients with confirmed BM involvement, BM biopsy (BMB) and PET/CT detected an involvement in 17 and 25 patients. Among 66 patients with negative BM histology, 11 patients had BM involvement detected by PET/CT and furthermore showed significantly shorter progression-free and overall survival than patients without BM involvement. We recategorized the International Prognostic Index (IPI) risk groups based on the presence of BM involvement using the combined assessment of iliac crest marrow biopsy histology and PET/CT (PET/BMB-based IPI). PET/BMB-based IPI tended to perform better than conventional BMB-based IPI. Conclusions This study included the largest population of PTCL patients for PET/CT evaluation of BM involvement so far. PET/CT exhibited a higher sensitivity for BM involvement than BMB. Furthermore, BM assessment using PET/CT identified patients at high risk of disease progression and mortality among those with negative BM histology, suggesting that PET/CT may have a potential to improve existing prognostic strategies in PTCL.
Recent Trends in Advanced Contact Lenses
Authors: Zeynep Mutlu, Siamak Shams Es‐haghi, Mukerrem Cakmak
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2019)

Abstract Exploiting contact lenses for ocular drug delivery is an emerging field in the area of biomedical engineering and advanced healthcare materials. Despite all the research conducted in this area, still, new technologies are in their early stages of the development, and more work must be done in terms of clinical trials to commercialize these technologies. A great challenge in using contact lenses for drug delivery is to achieve a prolonged drug release profile within the therapeutic range for various eye‐related problems and diseases. In general, desired release kinetics to avoid the initial burst release is the zero‐order kinetics within the therapeutic range. This review highlights the new technologies developed to achieve efficient and extended drug delivery. It also provides an overview of the materials and methods for fabrication of contact lenses and their mechanical and optical properties.
Clonal expansion of community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people who inject drugs (PWID): prevalence, risk factors and molecular epidemiology, Bristol, United Kingdom, 2012 to 2017
Authors: Simon Packer, Bruno Pichon, Stephen Thompson, Jane Neale, Jacquelyn Njoroge, Rachel M Kwiatkowska, Isabel Oliver, Maggie Telfer, Michel Doumith, Camillus Buunaaisie, Ellen Heinsbroek, Noreen Hopewell-Kelly, Monica Desai, Vivian Hope, Owen Martin Williams, Angela Kearns, Mathew Hickman, Maya Gobin
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2019)

In 2015, Bristol (South West England) experienced a large increase in cases of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in people who inject drugs (PWID).We aimed to characterise and estimate the prevalence of MRSA colonisation among PWID in Bristol and test evidence of a clonal outbreak.PWID recruited through an unlinked-anonymous community survey during 2016 completed behavioural questionnaires and were screened for MRSA. Univariable logistic regression examined associations with MRSA colonisation. Whole-genome sequencing used lineage-matched MRSA isolates, comparing PWID (screening and retrospective bacteraemia samples from 2012-2017) with non-PWID (Bristol screening) in Bristol and national reference laboratory database samples.The MRSA colonisation prevalence was 8.7% (13/149) and was associated with frequently injecting in public places (odds ratio (OR): 5.5; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.34-22.70), recent healthcare contact (OR: 4.3; 95% CI: 1.34-13.80) and injecting in groups of three or more (OR: 15.8; 95% CI: 2.51-99.28). People reporting any one of: injecting in public places, injection site skin and soft tissue infection or hospital contact accounted for 12/13 MRSA positive cases (sensitivity 92.3%; specificity 51.5%). Phylogenetic analysis identified a dominant clade associated with infection and colonisation among PWID in Bristol belonging to ST5-SCCmecIVg.MRSA colonisation in Bristol PWID is substantially elevated compared with general population estimates and there is evidence of clonal expansion, community-based transmission and increased infection risk related to the colonising strain. Targeted interventions, including community screening and suppression therapy, education and basic infection control are needed to reduce MRSA infections in PWID.
Association of Sarcopenia with Toxicities and Survival after Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Adults with Lymphomas
Authors: Abel Costa Neto, Bruna Del Guerra Carvalho Moraes, Ilanna Marques Gomes Rocha, Felipe Acquesta Bezerra, Galtieri Otavio Cunha Medeiros, Lucas Bassolli Oliveira Alves, Renata Ariza Marques Rossetti, Ana Paula Trussardi Fayh, Livia Caroline Barbosa Mariano, Vanderson Rocha
Journal: Blood (2018)
Matrix metalloproteinases as possible biomarkers of obstructive sleep apnea severity – A systematic review
Authors: Aleksandra Franczak, Iwona Bil-Lula, Grzegorz Sawicki, Mark Fenton, Najib Ayas, Robert Skomro
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (2019)

Obstructive sleep apnea is an underdiagnosed sleep-related breathing disorder affecting millions of people. Recurrent episodes of apnea/hypopnea result in intermittent hypoxia leading to oxidative stress. Obstructive sleep apnea is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease but the exact pathophysiology of adverse cardiovascular outcomes of obstructive sleep apnea has not been fully elucidated. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been associated with both oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases. Hypoxic conditions were shown to influence MMP expression, secretion and activity. Moreover, matrix metalloproteinases contribute to ischemia/reperfusion injury. Therefore, action of matrix metalloproteinases can provide a possible molecular mechanism linking obstructive sleep apnea with oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this paper was to review the current evidence of association between matrix metalloproteinases and obstructive sleep apnea with focus on hypoxemia and severity of obstructive sleep apnea.
Association of a Crime Prevention Program for Boys With Mortality 72 Years After the Intervention
Authors: Brandon C. Welsh, Steven N. Zane, Gregory M. Zimmerman, Alexis Yohros
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

Mortality is an important outcome in evaluating crime prevention programs, but little is known about the effects on mortality during the full life course.To determine the long-term outcomes of a crime prevention program on mortality and whether the iatrogenic effects on mortality observed in middle age persist or change in old age.This longitudinal follow-up was conducted in a cohort of boys included in a matched-pair randomized clinical trial (the Cambridge-Somerville Youth Study). Six hundred fifty boys aged 5 to 13 years who lived and attended public and parochial schools in working-class areas of Cambridge and Somerville, Massachusetts, and were identified as at risk for antisocial behavior were matched by age and demographic characteristics. One member of each pair was randomly allocated to the treatment condition. The original trial was performed from June 1, 1939, to December 1945. Follow-up in the present analysis was performed from January 2016 through June 2018.Treatment group participants received individual counseling through a range of activities and home visits for an extended duration (mean, 5.5 years). Control group participants received no special services.The 4 outcomes of interest include age at mortality, mortality at latest follow-up, premature mortality (younger than 40 years), and cause of mortality (natural vs unnatural).In the original analysis, 650 participants were matched and randomized to treatment or control conditions, of whom 506 were retained in the analysis (mean [SD] age, 9.8 [1.7] years). Through early 2018, records for 488 participants (96.4%) were located. A total of 446 participants were confirmed dead (88.1%) and 42 alive (8.3%). Matched-pairs analyses showed no significant differences between the treatment and control groups for mortality at latest follow-up (relative risk [RR], 1.05; 95% CI, 0.99-1.11), premature mortality (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.55-2.43), or cause of mortality (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.65-2.18) (P > .05 for all). Cox proportional hazard regression indicated no difference in time to death between groups (hazard ratio, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.98-1.41; P = .09).Iatrogenic effects on mortality were not detected in this long-term follow-up. The longitudinal analysis provides information on the utility of life-long assessments of crime prevention programs and draws attention to the need for quality-of-life assessments of participants and their children.
Trends of Splenectomy in Pediatric Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia before and after the ASH 2011 Evidence-Based Practice Guidelines
Authors: Neel S Bhatt, Parth Bhatt, Keyur Donda, Fredrick Dapaah-Siakwan, Sunil Kumar Batalahally, Vijay Linga, Anusha Lekshminarayan, Riddhi Chaudhari, Samer Zaid Kalyani, Smita Bhaskaran
Journal: Blood (2017)
Description of trauma among French service members in the Department of Defense Trauma Registry: understanding the nature of trauma and the care provided
Authors: Marc A. Schweizer, Jud C. Janak, Zsolt T. Stockinger, Tristan Monchal
Journal: Military Medical Research (2019)

Since 2001, the French Armed Forces have sustained many casualties during the Global War on Terror; however, even today, there is no French Military trauma registry. Some French service members (SMs) were treated in US Military Medical Treatment Facilities (MTFs) and were recorded in the US Department of Defense Trauma Registry (DoDTR). Our objective was to conduct a descriptive analysis of the injuries sustained by French SMs reported in the DoDTR and subsequent care provided to them to assist in understanding the importance of building a French Military trauma registry. Using DoDTR data collected from 2001 to 2017, a retrospective descriptive analysis was conducted. We identified 59 French SMs treated in US MTFs. The characteristics of the SMs' demographics, injuries, care provided to them, and discharge outcomes were summarized. Among the 59 French SMs identified, 46 (78%) sustained battle injuries (BIs) and 13 (22%) sustained nonbattle injuries (NBIs). There were 47 (80%) SMs injured in Afghanistan (Opération Pamir), while 12 (20%) were injured in Opération Chammal in Iraq and Syria. Explosives accounted for 52.5% of injuries, while 25.4% were due to gunshot wounds; all were BIs. The majority of reported injuries were penetrating (59.3%), most of which were BIs (71.7%). The mean Injury Severity Score for BIs was 12 (SD = 8.9) compared to 6 (SD = 1.7) for NBIs. Around half of SMs (n = 30; 51%) were injured in Afghanistan between the years 2008–2010. Among a total of 246 injuries sustained by 59 patients, extremities were the body part most prone to BIs followed by the head and face. Four SMs died after admission (6.8%). The DoDTR provides extensive data on trauma injuries that can be used to inform injury prevention and clinical care. The majority of injuries sustained by French SMs were BIs, caused by explosives, and predominantly occurring to the extremities; these findings are similar to those of other studies conducted in combat zones. There is a need to establish a French Military trauma registry to improve the combat casualty care provided to French SMs, and its creation may benefit from the DoDTR model.
NHS urged to help reduce conflicts between staff and parents of critically ill children
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2019)

NHS policy makers should take action to try to reduce the risk of disputes developing between doctors and parents over the treatment of critically ill children and to tackle them when they arise, the Nuffield Council on Bioethics has urged.1

The council cited the recent high profile cases of Charlie Gard and Alfie Evans, babies born with untreatable conditions. Their cases turned into media campaigns, lengthy court battles, and threats from the public to healthcare staff at Great Ormond Street and Alder Hey children’s hospitals.

Alfie Evans’ case drew the attention of pro-life activists and went through multiple court hearings, ending up in the Supreme Court, although there was no evidence that …
Preventing recurrent cellulitis
Authors: E.J. Teasdale, A. Lalonde, I. Muller, J. Chalmers, P. Smart, J. Hooper, M. El‐Gohary, K.S. Thomas, M. Santer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

Cellulitis is a painful skin infection that occurs most commonly in the lower leg. Around a third of people with cellulitis have repeat episodes, meaning they have it more than once. The only treatment shown to lower the risk of repeat episodes is long‐term antibiotics. Other possible ways to prevent repeat episodes include greater foot hygiene, applying cream to feet daily, exercise and wearing compression stockings. This study, from the U.K., aimed to find out people's views about cellulitis and different ways of preventing repeat episodes. Adults (aged 18 or over) who had had cellulitis were invited through doctors’ surgeries, hospitals and local advertising to complete a survey, take part in an interview, or both. In total, 240 people completed a survey and 30 people took part in face‐to‐face interviews. The authors found that people in the study had wide‐ranging beliefs about what can cause cellulitis and were often unaware of the possibility of repeat episodes or how to prevent future episodes. Greater foot hygiene, applying cream to feet daily and exercise were more popular potential strategies for preventing repeat episodes than compression stockings or long‐term antibiotics. People had concerns about long‐term oral antibiotics for a variety of reasons, particularly those who had experienced only one episode of cellulitis. People were keen to find out about possible ways to prevent repeat episodes of cellulitis. More research is needed to find out how well the different ways actually prevent repeat episodes and what may fit best into people's daily lives.
A Prospective Study of IV Pentamidine for Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia Prophylaxis in Adult Patients with Hematologic Malignancies Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant or Chemotherapy
Authors: Jennifer Anderson, Scott Wirth, Pritesh R. Patel, John G. Quigley, Annie L. Oh, Christina Mactal-Haaf, Irum Khan, Damiano Rondelli, Karen Sweiss
Journal: Blood (2016)
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic duct drainage using a fine-gauge balloon catheter
Authors: Takeshi Ogura, Nobu Nishioka, Masanori Yamada, Kazuya Ueshima, Kazuhide Higuchi
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Pancreatic duct drainage under endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an established method to treat chronic pancreatitis. However, a pancreatic duct stone is sometimes impacted in the main pancreatic duct. Therefore, pancreatic duct drainage may sometimes be challenging. Recently, various techniques under endoscopic ultrasound guidance have been reported, including biliary drainage or pancreatic duct drainage (EUS-PD) [1] [2] [3] [4]. During an EUS-PD procedure, tract dilation is one of the challenging steps. To dilate the tract, electrocautery dilation can be easily performed compared with graded dilation because the parenchyma in chronic pancreatitis is sometimes hard.
Exercise training in patients with a left ventricular assist device (Ex‐VAD): rationale and design of a multicentre, prospective, assessor‐blinded, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Anna Bobenko, Felix Schoenrath, Jan H. Knierim, Tim Friede, Nicolas Verheyen, Mandeep R. Mehra, Mark Haykowsky, Christoph Herrmann‐Lingen, André Duvinage, Elisabeth Pieske‐Kraigher, Martin Halle, Volkmar Falk, Burkert Pieske, Frank Edelmann
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2019)

Aims Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy is a promising option for patients with advanced heart failure (HF), refractory to guideline‐mandated medical treatment either as a bridge to heart transplantation or as lifelong therapy. Functional capacity improves after LVAD implantation but remains reduced in patients with long‐term LVAD therapy. Exercise training (ET) improves functional capacity and quality of life (QoL) in HF and may provide incremental benefits in patients supported with LVAD therapy. Methods The primary objective of Ex‐VAD is to investigate whether a 12‐week supervised ET can improve peak oxygen uptake (peakVO 2 ) measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) on an ergometer. The study is powered to demonstrate a group difference of 3 mL/min/kg in peakVO 2 at week 12, with a power of 0.9 and a standard deviation of 5 mL/min/kg. After baseline assessments to determine whether ET is safe, 66 patients at six trial sites with advanced HF and LVAD therapy will be randomized 2:1 to supervised ET or to the control arm of usual care alone. Patients randomized to ET will perform supervised aerobic endurance and resistance ET (three times/week) for 12 weeks. At baseline and during follow‐up, anthropometry, CPET, echocardiography (at rest and exercise), and QoL evaluation will be performed. Blood samples will be collected to examine cardiac‐specific relevant biomarkers. Overall physical activity, training sessions, and adherence will be monitored and documented throughout the study using accelerometers and patient diaries. Conclusions The Ex‐VAD trial will assess the effects of a supervised ET programme on peakVO 2 and QoL in patients with LVAD. As LVAD therapy moves from crisis support to ambulatory functional enhancement, this trial will provide a rationale to improve functional capacity and, in perspective, cardiovascular outcomes in LVAD‐supported patients with advanced HF.
The small molecule compound, MCP1, inhibits Ras-Raf interaction in mammalian cells and induces apoptosis in various hematopoietic cancer cells
Authors: Juran Kato-Stankiewicz, Lea Guo, Ramasamy Paulmurugan, Sanjiv Sam Gambhir, Vladimir Khazak, Erica A. Golemis, Fuyuhiko Tamanoi
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

5627   Activation of the Ras signaling pathway has been identified in a wide range of human cancers, making the Ras signaling pathway an ideal target for anti-cancer drug development. Previously we have identified a small molecule compound MCP1 as a potential inhibitor of Ras/Raf interaction using the yeast two-hybrid system-based screening (Khazak  et al ., AACR meeting, 2002) and demonstrated that it inhibits the receptor tyrosine kinase-Ras-Raf-MEK pathway as well as transformed phenotypes of various human cancer cells with an activated  ras  mutation (Kato-Stankiewicz  et al ., PNAS, 2002). Here we present effects of MCP1 on a variety of hematopoietic cancer cells including multiple myeloma cell lines MM1.S and U266, B lymphoblast IM-9, acute promyelocytic leukemia HL-60, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia CEM cells. Cells were incubated with MCP1 or MCP122, the MCP1 derivative with much less potency in Ras-MAPK cascade inhibition, under various serum concentrations (0.1-10%) and the MTT cell viability assay was performed. MCP1 showed better reduction in cell viability at lower serum concentration. Since Raf has been suggested to suppress apoptosis, we examined if this reduction is due to apoptosis by flow cytometric analysis with AnnexinV/PI-staining. MCP1, but not MCP122, increased apoptotic cells 10-20% after 16 hours incubation in the 0.1% serum-containing media. Also, MCP1 significantly activated caspase-3 and -9 in these cells. These results suggest that MCP1 is effective against hematopoietic malignancies. Interestingly, MEK inhibitors did not induce apoptosis, suggesting that inhibition of Raf but not MEK is important in MCP1-induced apoptosis in these cells. A possible molecular mechanism of apoptosis induction by MCP1 will be discussed. An important feature of MCP1 is that it is capable of inhibiting Ras/Raf interaction. To further assess this property in mammalian cells, we have recently established a novel assay system using a split renilla luciferase fusion protein-based bioluminescence assay. Two luciferase fusion proteins: the Nt-luciferase fused to Ras (NLuc-Ras) and the Ras-binding domain (RBD, 51-131 a.a.) of Raf fused to the Ct-luciferase (RafRBD-CLuc) were constructed. Coexpression of the NLuc fusion construct with constitutively active Ras(L61) and RafRBD-CLuc in COS7 cells induced several thousand-fold luciferase activity. In contrast, the dominant-negative Ras(N17)-fusion construct had no effect, as it does not interact with Raf. We demonstrated that MCP1 but not MCP122, inhibits luciferase activity induced by Ras/Raf interaction in living cells in a dose-dependent manner at similar concentrations that inhibits Ras-MAPK cascade. This approach will provide a valuable tool to observe effects of MCP1 on Ras/Raf interaction in Xenograft system under physiological conditions.
Sequential Infusion of Anti-CD22 and Anti-CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells for Adult Patients with Refractory/Relapsed B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Liang Huang, Na Wang, Chunrui Li, Yang Cao, Yi Xiao, Min Xiao, Yicheng Zhang, Tongcun Zhang, Jianfeng Zhou
Journal: Blood (2017)
Ancestry-Specific Analyses Reveal Differential Demographic Histories and Opposite Selective Pressures in Modern South Asian Populations
Authors: Burak Yelmen, Mayukh Mondal, Davide Marnetto, Ajai K Pathak, Francesco Montinaro, Irene Gallego Romero, Toomas Kivisild, Mait Metspalu, Luca Pagani
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2019)

Abstract Genetic variation in contemporary South Asian populations follows a northwest to southeast decreasing cline of shared West Eurasian ancestry. A growing body of ancient DNA evidence is being used to build increasingly more realistic models of demographic changes in the last few thousand years. Through high-quality modern genomes, these models can be tested for gene and genome level deviations. Using local ancestry deconvolution and masking, we reconstructed population-specific surrogates of the two main ancestral components for more than 500 samples from 25 South Asian populations and showed our approach to be robust via coalescent simulations. Our f3 and f4 statistics–based estimates reveal that the reconstructed haplotypes are good proxies for the source populations that admixed in the area and point to complex interpopulation relationships within the West Eurasian component, compatible with multiple waves of arrival, as opposed to a simpler one wave scenario. Our approach also provides reliable local haplotypes for future downstream analyses. As one such example, the local ancestry deconvolution in South Asians reveals opposite selective pressures on two pigmentation genes (SLC45A2 and SLC24A5) that are common or fixed in West Eurasians, suggesting post-admixture purifying and positive selection signals, respectively.
Epidemiology of primary cutaneous γδ T‐cell lymphoma and subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma in the U.S.A. from 2006 to 2015: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐18 analysis
Authors: A. Goyal, K. Goyal, K. Bohjanen, D. Pearson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)