tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic inequalities in lifestyle-related health outcomes
Authors: Ursula Pool
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2019)

Hamish Foster and colleagues1 reported in The Lancet Public Health that lifestyle risk factors are associated with disproportionate harm in socioeconomically deprived populations. As for why deprivation might amplify the effects of lifestyle factors for mortality and disease, both Foster and colleagues and Marianna Virtanen and Mika Kivimäki, in their Comment,2 propose increased levels of psychosocial stress as an explanation. However, although it might be more pervasive in deprived populations,3 psychosocial stress is itself associated with disproportionate harm: low socioeconomic status amplifies the negative impact of stress.
Tropical Rainforests: Past, Present and Future, Eldredge Bermingham, Christopher W. Dick, Craig Moritz (Eds.). University of Chicago Press (2005), US$110.00/US$45.00 £77.00/£31.50 hbk/pbk (672 pages), ISBN: 0 226 04466 1/0 226 04468 8
Authors: Douglas Sheil
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2005)
Age of Initiation of Cervical Cancer Screening—Reply
Authors: Susan J. Curry, Alex H. Krist, Douglas K. Owens
Journal: JAMA (2019)

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Benefits of Sequentially Adding Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy or Antidepressant Medication for Adults With Nonremitting Depression
Authors: Boadie W. Dunlop, Devon LoParo, Becky Kinkead, Tanja Mletzko-Crowe, Steven P. Cole, Charles B. Nemeroff, Helen S. Mayberg, W. Edward Craighead
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2019)

Adults with major depressive disorder frequently do not achieve remission with an initial treatment. Addition of psychotherapy for patients who do not achieve remission with antidepressant medication alone can target residual symptoms and protect against recurrence, but the utility of adding antidepressant medication after nonremission with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has received little study. The authors aimed to evaluate the acute and long-term outcomes resulting from both sequences of combination treatments.Previously untreated adults with major depression who were randomly assigned to receive escitalopram, duloxetine, or CBT monotherapy and completed 12 weeks of treatment without achieving remission entered an additional 12 weeks of combination treatment. For patients who did not achieve remission with CBT, escitalopram was added (CBT plus medication group) to their treatment, and for those who did not achieve remission with an antidepressant, CBT was added (medication plus CBT group) to their treatment. Patients who responded to the combination treatment entered an 18-month follow-up phase to assess risk of recurrence.A total of 112 patients who did not achieve remission with a monotherapy entered combination treatment (41 who responded to monotherapy but did not achieve remission and 71 who did not respond to monotherapy). Overall, remission rates after subsequent combination therapy were significantly higher among patients who responded to monotherapy but did not achieve remission (61%) than among patients who did not respond to monotherapy (41%). Among patients who responded to monotherapy but did not achieve remission, the remission rate in the CBT plus medication group (89%) was higher than in the medication plus CBT group (53%). However, among patients whose depression did not respond to monotherapy, rates of response and remission were similar between the treatment arms. Higher levels of anxiety, both prior to monotherapy and prior to beginning combination treatment, predicted poorer outcomes for both treatment groups.The order in which CBT and antidepressant medication were sequentially combined did not appear to affect outcomes. Addition of an antidepressant is an effective approach to treating residual symptoms for patients who do not achieve remission with CBT, as is adding CBT after antidepressant monotherapy. Patients who do not respond to one treatment modality warrant consideration for addition of the alternative modality.
EAU Guidelines on Renal Cell Carcinoma: The 2010 Update
Authors: Börje Ljungberg, Nigel C Cowan, Damian C Hanbury, Milan Hora, Markus A Kuczyk, Axel S Merseburger, Jean-Jacques Patard, Peter F A Mulders, Ioanel C Sinescu
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Role of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis as a risk factor for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and its role in patients’ prognosis: A case-control study.
Authors: Stefania De Lorenzo, Francesco Tovoli, Francesco Vasuri, Deborah Malvi, Antonietta D'Errico, Giovanni Brandi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

224 Background: The prevalence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is rising worldwide. The current epidemics of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) might be partly responsible for this trend. Methods: Case control study investigating the prevalence of histology-confirmed NASH in peritumoral liver of resected ICC patients and controls (pre-explant biopsies of liver donors). Controls were matched for age and sex in a 2:1 fashion. Correlates between NASH, tumor characteristics and overall survival (OS) were also explored in the ICC cohort. Results: Between 2006 and 2017, 84 ICCs were resected in our Institution. Sixty-two (74%) had no apparent risk factors for ICC. Amongst this group, the prevalence of NAFLD and NASH was 45.2% and 24.2%,respectively, compared to 44.3 and 8.9% in the 124 matched liver donors (p = 1.000 and p = 0.007, respectively). The 5-year OS rate was 20.0% in NASH and 57.4% in ICC without either NASH and other risk factors (p = 0.017). Main tumor size, sex and NASH (hazard ratio 2.618 , 95% confidence interval 1.140-6.013, p = 0.023) were independent predictors of the OS at the multivariate Cox regression. Conclusions: NASH (but not NAFLD) acts as a risk factor for ICC and may affect its long-term outcome. A collaborative multicenter approach could confirm and strengthen these data.
Abstract 11987: Adenoviral Intramyocardial VEGF-D Gene Transfer Increases Myocardial Perfusion in Refractory Angina Patients
Authors: Iiro Hassinen, Juha Hartikainen, Antti Hedman, Antti Kivelä, Antti Saraste, Juhani Knuuti, Minna Husso, Hanna Mussalo, Marja Hedman, Pyry Toivanen, Tommi Heikura, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: There is a rapidly growing number of refractory angina patients who in spite of the optimal medical therapy are severely symptomatic and who are not suitable for revascularization. Proangiogenic gene therapy is a potential new treatment for these patients. We evaluated for the first time safety, feasibility and efficacy of adenoviral (Ad) gene therapy using a new member of the VEGF family, VEGF-D, in the treatment of refractory angina. Methods and Results: KAT301 trial is a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blinded phase I/II study. A total of 30 patients were randomized to intramyocardial AdVEGF-D gene transfer (VEGF group) or placebo (control group) with a 4:1 ratio. VEGF group underwent transseptal puncture and electroanatomical mapping of left ventricle with NOGA system (Cordis Corp), followed by intramyocardial injection of AdVEFG-D in the ischemic areas. The control group underwent transseptal puncture, left ventricle mapping and intracardiac saline infusion. Vital signs and laboratory assessments were measured at baseline and at 1, 2, 7,14 days and 3 months after the gene therapy to evaluate the safety and feasibility. Twenty patients underwent assessment of myocardial perfusion and blood flow reserve at rest and during adenosine induced exercise with positron emission tomography (15O-PET) at baseline and three months after the procedure. Mild transient elevation in body temperature and CRP and moderate hypotension was detected in VEGF group after the procedure. Troponine-T was elevated in both groups after the procedure but was normalized in two days. Perfusion reserve at 3 months in the myocardial segment with the lowest perfusion reserve at baseline increased significantly in the VEGF group (0.93±0.30 to 1.21±0.39, p=0.035) but not in the controls (1.21±0.63 to 1.53±0.67, p=0.343). No antibody responses were found against the transgene in the VEGF group after the treatment. Conclusion: Intramyocardial AdVEGF-D gene therapy is well tolerated in refractory angina patients. Changes in PET analysis at 3 months indicate that gene therapy can enhance myocardial perfusion in segments with the lowest perfusion reserve. Based on the results a randomized, controlled, blinded phase II/III trial is justified.
Stroke Outcomes in the COMPASS Trial
Authors: Mukul Sharma, Robert G. Hart, Stuart J. Connolly, Jackie Bosch, Olga Shestakovska, Kelvin K.H. Ng, Luciana Catanese, Katalin Keltai, Victor Aboyans, Marco Alings, Jong-Won Ha, John Varigos, Andrew Tonkin, Martin O’Donnell, Deepak L. Bhatt, Keith Fox, Aldo Maggioni, Scott D. Berkowitz, Nancy Cook Bruns, Salim Yusuf, John W. Eikelboom
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Strokes were significantly reduced by the combination of rivaroxaban plus aspirin in comparison with aspirin in the COMPASS trial (Cardiovascular Outcomes for People Using Anticoagulation Strategies). We present detailed analyses of stroke by type, predictors, and antithrombotic effects in key subgroups.Participants had stable coronary artery or peripheral artery disease and were randomly assigned to receive aspirin 100 mg once daily (n=9126), rivaroxaban 5 mg twice daily (n=9117), or rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily plus aspirin (n=9152). Patients who required anticoagulation or had a stroke within 1 month, previous lacunar stroke, or intracerebral hemorrhage were excluded.During a mean follow-up of 23 months, fewer patients had strokes in the rivaroxaban plus aspirin group than in the aspirin group (83 [0.9% per year] versus 142 [1.6% per year]; hazard ratio [HR], 0.58; 95% CI, 0.44-0.76; P<0.0001). Ischemic/uncertain strokes were reduced by nearly half (68 [0.7% per year] versus 132 [1.4% per year]; HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.38-0.68; P<0.0001) by the combination in comparison with aspirin. No significant difference was noted in the occurrence of stroke in the rivaroxaban alone group in comparison with aspirin: annualized rate of 0.7% (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.65-1.05). The occurrence of fatal and disabling stroke (modified Rankin Scale, 3-6) was decreased by the combination (32 [0.3% per year] versus 55 [0.6% per year]; HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.37-0.89; P=0.01). Independent predictors of stroke were prior stroke, hypertension, systolic blood pressure at baseline, age, diabetes mellitus, and Asian ethnicity. Prior stroke was the strongest predictor of incident stroke (HR, 3.63; 95% CI, 2.65-4.97; P<0.0001) and was associated with a 3.4% per year rate of stroke recurrence on aspirin. The effect of the combination in comparison with aspirin was consistent across subgroups with high stroke risk, including those with prior stroke.Low-dose rivaroxaban plus aspirin is an important new antithrombotic option for primary and secondary stroke prevention in patients with clinical atherosclerosis.URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01776424.
Virome Diversity Correlates with Intestinal Microbiome Diversity in Adult Monozygotic Twins
Authors: J. Leonardo Moreno-Gallego, Shao-Pei Chou, Sara C. Di Rienzi, Julia K. Goodrich, Timothy D. Spector, Jordana T. Bell, Nicholas D. Youngblut, Ian Hewson, Alejandro Reyes, Ruth E. Ley
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2019)
Urinary levels of the leukocyte surface molecule CD11b associate with glomerular inflammation in lupus nephritis
Authors: Akimitsu Kitagawa, Naotake Tsuboi, Yuki Yokoe, Takayuki Katsuno, Hidekazu Ikeuchi, Hiroshi Kajiyama, Nobuhide Endo, Yuriko Sawa, Junya Suwa, Yutaka Sugiyama, Asaka Hachiya, Toshihide Mimura, Keiju Hiromura, Shoichi Maruyama
Journal: Kidney International (2019)
Acclaimed anti-obesity drug fails to impress scouts for clinically important research
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2019)

The anti-obesity drug lorcaserin (Belviq, Arena Pharmaceuticals) causes minimal weight loss and its harms are poorly understood, says the first in a new series of articles in the BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine Journal .1

The authors of the EBM Verdict article concluded that lorcaserin is unlikely to be cost effective. Research and national strategies to reduce obesity should concentrate instead on encouraging lifestyle changes that cut people’s calorie intake …
Abstract 20718: The Interrelationship Between Inflammation, Endothelial and Arterial Function in Patients Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma
Authors: Evgenia Bourouki, Georgia Siasou, Gerasimos Siasos, Marilita M Moschos, Nikolaos Gouliopoulos, Evangelos Oikonomou, Thodoris Paraskevopoulos, Dimitris Tousoulis
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is one of the most prevalent causes of irreversible blindness and is associated with endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness. Pseudoexfoliati...
Abstract 40: Should Bilateral Internal Thoracic Artery Grafting Be Used in Emergency Patients?
Authors: Yanai Ben-Gal, Rephael Mohr, Dimitri Pevni, Amir Ganiel, Amir Kramer, Nahum Nesher, Avner Nevo, Yossi Paz, Benjamin Medalion
Journal: Circulation (2014)

HYPOTHESIS: Bilateral Internal Thoracic Artery (BITA) grafting is not often used in emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) due to questionable survival benefit ,relative complexity and increased risk of sternal infection compared to operations incorporating Single Internal Thoracic Artery (SITA). The purpose of this study is to compare early and long term outcome of emergent patients undergoing BITA grafting, to that of emergent patients undergoing CABG with SITA METHODS: Four hundred thirty eight emergency patients underwent BITA grafting between 1996 and 2008. They were compared with 339 emergency patients who underwent CABG with SITA RESULTS: Occurrence of female gender (18.5% vs. 29.5%, P&lt; 0.001, in the BITA and SITA groups, respectively), diabetes (25.3% vs. 38.6%, P&lt; 0.001), age 70+ (61.0% vs.39.7%, P&lt; 0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (5.7% vs.13.9%, P&lt; 0.001) EF &lt;30% (12.1% vs. 17.1%, P&lt; 0.001), and chronic renal failure (7.1% vs. 17.1%, p&lt; 0.001) was lower in the BITA group. On the other hand critical preoperative state (35.4% vs. 26.0%, P= 0.003), and recent myocardial infarction (39.5% vs. 32.7%, P= 0.031) were more prevalent among BITA patients. Euro score I of SITA patients was significantly higher (10.58 ± 4.1 vs.8.65 ± 3.5, P= 0.016). Operative mortality (5.3% vs 7.4%, BITA vs. SITA), and sternal wound infections (2.7% vs. 2.1%) were not significantly different between groups. Mean follow-up was 8.75 ± 4.75 years. Ten year survival (Kaplan-Meier) of SITA patients with euro score 11+ was similar to that of BITA patients with euro score 11+. (34% vs. 37%, log rank test) .However, Kaplan-Meier 10 year survival of BITA patients with euro score I of 10 or lower was significantly better(80% vs. 68%, , BITA and SITA groups, respectively , P= 0.012 ).Assignment to the BITA group in the subset with lower euro score was also associated with better propensity adjusted survival ( HR 4.8 p &lt; 0.001, compared to the SITA group, COX model) CONCLUSIONS: This large cohort study shows that,BITA grafting may be used in emergency patients., In medium and low risk emergency patients long term outcome is better than that of patients treated with SITA
Accelerated progression of IDH mutant glioma after first recurrence
Authors: Julie J Miller, Franziska Loebel, Tareq A Juratli, Shilpa S Tummala, Erik A Williams, Tracy T Batchelor, Isabel Arrillaga-Romany, Daniel P Cahill
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant gliomas are a distinct subtype, reflected in the World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 revised diagnostic criteria. To inform IDH-targeting trial design, we sought to characterize outcomes exclusively within IDH mutant gliomas. We retrospectively analyzed 275 IDH mutant glioma patients treated at our institution. Progression was determined using low-grade glioma criteria from Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology. We calculated survival statistics with the Kaplan–Meier method, and survival proportions were correlated with molecular, histologic, and clinical factors. During a median follow-up of 6.4 years, 44 deaths (7.6%) and 149 first progression (PFS1) events (54.1%) were observed. Median PFS1 was 5.7 years (95% CI: 4.7–6.4) and OS was 18.7 years (95% CI: 12.2 y—not reached). Consistent with prior studies, we observed an association of grade, molecular diagnosis, and treatment with PFS1. Following the first progressive episode, 79 second progression events occurred during a median follow-up period of 4.1 years. Median PFS following an initial progressive event (PFS2) was accelerated at 3.1 years (95% CI: 2.1–4.1). PFS2 was a surrogate prognostic marker, identifying patients with poorer overall survival. We report outcomes in a large cohort of IDH mutant glioma, providing a well-characterized historical control population for future clinical trial design. Notably, the interval between first and second recurrence (PFS2, 3.0 y) is shorter than time from diagnosis to first recurrence (PFS1, 5.7 y), evidence that these tumors clinically degenerate from an indolent course to an accelerated malignant phase. Thus, PFS2 represents a relevant outcome for trials investigating drug efficacy at recurrence.
Comparative Evaluation Of Pulmonary Function Tests In Professional Cleaners While Exposed To The Occupational Workplace And After The Vacation Period
Authors: Cynthia Mafra Fonseca de Lima, Giovanna Hernandes y Hernandes, Eduardo Algranti, Elayne de Fatima Maçaira, Jorge Kalil, Fabio M. Castro, Clóvis E.S. Galvão
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)
When the simplest voluntary decisions appear patently suboptimal
Authors: Emilio Salinas, Joshua A. Seideman, Terrence R. Stanford
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2018)

Abstract Rahnev &amp; Denison (R&amp;D) catalog numerous experiments in which performance deviates, often in subtle ways, from the theoretical ideal. We discuss an extreme case, an elementary behavior (reactive saccades to single targets) for which a simple contextual manipulation results in responses that are dramatically different from those expected based on reward maximization – and yet are highly informative and amenable to mechanistic examination.
Decellularised extracellular matrix-derived peptides from neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium enhance the expression of synaptic markers and light responsiveness of human pluripotent stem cell derived retinal organoids
Authors: Birthe Dorgau, Majed Felemban, Gerrit Hilgen, Martin Kiening, Darin Zerti, Nicola Claire Hunt, Mary Doherty, Phil Whitfield, Dean Hallam, Kathryn White, Yuchun Ding, Natalio Krasnogor, Jumana Al-Aama, Hani Z. Asfour, Evelyne Sernagor, Majlinda Lako
Journal: Biomaterials (2019)

Tissue specific extracellular matrices (ECM) provide structural support and enable access to molecular signals and metabolites, which are essential for directing stem cell renewal and differentiation. To mimic this phenomenon in vitro, tissue decellularisation approaches have been developed, resulting in the generation of natural ECM scaffolds that have comparable physical and biochemical properties of the natural tissues and are currently gaining traction in tissue engineering and regenerative therapies due to the ease of standardised production, and constant availability. In this manuscript we report the successful generation of decellularised ECM-derived peptides from neural retina (decel NR) and retinal pigment epithelium (decel RPE), and their impact on differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to retinal organoids. We show that culture media supplementation with decel RPE and RPE-conditioned media (CM RPE) significantly increases the generation of rod photoreceptors, whilst addition of decel NR and decel RPE significantly enhances ribbon synapse marker expression and the light responsiveness of retinal organoids. Photoreceptor maturation, formation of correct synapses between retinal cells and recording of robust light responses from hPSC-derived retinal organoids remain unresolved challenges for the field of regenerative medicine. Enhanced rod photoreceptor differentiation, synaptogenesis and light response in response to addition of decellularised matrices from RPE and neural retina as shown herein provide a novel and substantial advance in generation of retinal organoids for drug screening, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Abstract 20739: Tracking Pivot Point of a Numerically Simulated Meandering Rotor Using Multiscale Entropy Technique
Authors: Shivaram Poigai Arunachalam, Suraj Kapa, Siva K Mulpuru, Paul A Friedman, Elena G Tolkacheva
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Atrial Fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia that is a known prognostic marker for stroke, heart failure and even death. Reentrant mechanisms of rotor formation which are stable electrical sources of cardiac excitation are believed to cause AF. The pivot points of rotor are believed to be good ablation targets to terminate AF in patients. Current mapping methods such as Local Activation (LAT) map, Complex Fractionated Atrial Electrograms (CFAE)- mean map, Dominant Frequency (DF) map and Phase Analysis maps are inadequate to identify the rotor pivot zones due to various noises, misleading phase and activation times. The purpose of this research was to test the feasibility of multiscale entropy (MSE) technique to accurately track the pivot point of a numerically simulated meandering rotor. Methods: Electrical activity in a 30x30mm human atrial tissue was simulated using an extended bi-domain model that incorporates both fibroblasts and myocytes in a bi-layer scheme. Also...