tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SP0106 Current concepts in artificial replacement of the rheumatoid wrist and finger joints
Authors: D Herren
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3></h3> Prosthetic replacement of wrist and finger joints is a key stone in the surgical treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Severely destroyed joints are a source of pain and create deformities, which will severely affect the functionality of the hand. The wrist joint consists of a radiocarpal joint which provides flexion/extension and a radio-ulnar joint which allows pro-/ supination. A mobile radiocarpal joint helps to compensate for impaired elbow and finger joint. There is a variety of wrist prosthesis on the market. Overall the results with these prosthetic devices are mixed. There is generally a high failure rate with sometimes difficult revisions situations due to missing bone stock. The Swanson silastic implant, with reasonable longtime results, might be an alternative to preserve some motion. Nevertheless arthrodesis is still the gold standard on which the current wrist implants have to be measured. On the level of the radio-ulnar joint ulnar head resection is still accepted as treatment of choice in most instances. Unstable distal ulnar stumps and loss of power grip raised the wish for an alternative. There is a new distal ulnar head prosthesis on the marked, which might be an possible implant for the future for selected cases. On the level of the finger joints Swansons silastic implants, also in newer different designs, are still the implants of choice for most surgeons. High implant failure rate and the wish to go away from Silastic as implant material, motivated different authors for new implant designs and the use of newer materials. Despite these efforts a real breakthrough as well in design as in materials is still somewhat missing. Carbon fibre based materials or ceramics might have a good potential for the future. Besides the implant design and the material, the understanding of soft tissue pathomechanics and its consequences for prosthetic replacement is raising. Ligament reconstruction and possible use of artificial ligaments might be a concept for the future. The lecture should give an understanding of the pathomechanics of rheumatoid arthritis and its consequences for prosthetic replacement. It should give an overview of current prosthetic designs and their clinical results and provide an outlook of new concepts of prosthetic replacement and future development.
Cryobiopsy Compared with Surgical Lung Biopsy in ILD: Reply to Maldonado <i>et al.</i>, Froidure <i>et al.</i>, Bendstrup <i>et al.</i>, Agarwal <i>et al.</i>, Richeldi <i>et al.</i>, Rajchgot <i>et al.</i>, and Quadrelli <i>et al</i>.
Authors: Micaela Romagnoli, Thomas Colby, Carey Suehs, Isabelle Vachier, Nicolas Molinari, Arnaud Bourdin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2019)

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Highly sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) as a surrogate marker of head and neck cancer.
Authors: Preethi Bangalore Lakshmangowda, Adarsh K, T.R Arul Ponni
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e17034 Background: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) an acute phase inflamatory reactant protein, has been used to predict the risk of cardiovascular disease healthy individuals and to monitor treatment responses. Epidemiological evidence also points to link between inflammation and development of cancer, i.e. long-term inflammation and dysplasia. Worldwide ~ 15 % of the cancer incidence is associated with microbial infection. NSAIDs have been used for cancer preventionin familial adenomatous polyposis. The objective of study is to evaluate the association between hs-CRP and head and neck cancer (SCCHN). Methods: Prospective, cross sectional case-control study was under taken involving 36 SCCHN (cases) and 36 normal volunteers age matched (controls). Cases staged as per UICC TNM. The study subjects 4ml clotted blood, centrifuged, serum stored at -20°C. hsCRP (mg/L) determined using Quantitative Immunoturbidimetric method. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Results: Evaluable subjects = 72, Cases (Cancer patients) = 36 &amp; Control = 36. Age group range 18 to 80 yrs. Mean Age Cases 59.5+9.9 v/s Control 59+96. M: F Cases- 25:9 v/s Control 27:9. In Cases Oral Ca – 22(61.1%) &amp; Oropharynx - 14 (38.9%).T4 – 20(55.6%), T3-8(22.2%) &amp; T2-8(22.2%). N3-3(8.3%), N2-14(38.9%), N1-5(13.9%) &amp; N0-14(38.9%). The hsCRP of Control group v/s Cancer Case group = 3.03 ± 2.61 v/s19.23 ± 19.003 respectively (P &lt; 0.0001). hsCRP for Oral Cancer – 15.07+7.66 &amp; OPX – 25.77+28.31. In the case group, the mean hsCRP levels with tumor size T2 was 119.36 ± 7.0, T3 was 21.32 ± 23.27 , T4 was 18.3350 ± 21.0915 and with Node size N0- 20.3 ± 35.07, N1- 13.8 ± 5.37, N2 -21.6 ± 25.022, N3 - 122.1 ± 1.7. Conclusions: Inflammatory responses play decisive roles at different stages of tumor development, initiation, promotion, malignant conversion, invasion, and metastasis. This study shows serum hsCRP levels were significantly elevated in SCCHN cases compared to age matched normal control subjects. hsCRP Can be used as a surrogate marker of SCCHN. Measuring and charting hsCRP values can prove useful in determining disease progress or the effectiveness of treatments, Furthers studies are contemplated.
Rapid and sustained response to Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cell therapy in double hit diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Abhinav Deol, Joseph Uberti
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2019)

A 64-year-old woman presented with a lump on her neck; a biopsy specimen showed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), germinal-center B-cell like subtype, Ki-67 (70%-80%). The disease progressed despite radiation therapy and combination chemotherapy, including Rituxan, Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, Vincristine and Prednisone (R-CHOP) (six cycles), Rituxan, Ifosphamide, Carboplatin and Etoposide (RICE) (two cycles), Rituxan and Lenaldiomide (R2) (one cycle), and Rituxan, Dexamethasone, Cytarabine and Cisplatin (R-DHAP) (one cycle). Additional fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of the tumor identified MYC and BCL2 rearrangements, indicating double-hit DLBCL. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy with axicabtagene ciloleucel was recommended. After undergoing leukapheresis, the patient received dexamethasone to relieve pain associated with swallowing, and head movement caused by her tumor mass. Axicabtagene ciloleucel arrived 19 days after leukapheresis. The patient received lymphodepleting chemotherapy (fludarabine and cyclophosphamide) on days −5, −4, and −3 before CAR T-cell infusion on day 0. Image 1A shows disease status on the day that lymphodepleting chemotherapy was initiated. Approximately 24 hours after CAR T-cell infusion, the patient experienced grade 2 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) characterized by fever and hypotension, which required transfer to the intensive care unit. She was intubated for airway protection due to inflammation of the vocal cords and treated with tocilizumab; the CRS resolved on day 6. She was taken off sedation and extubated. She developed grade 3 neurotoxicity on day 10, which required corticosteroid treatment. She had a rapid clinical response to axicabtagene ciloleucel, with substantial reduction of tumor mass by day 10 (Image 1B). All toxicities resolved, and she was discharged from the hospital on day 21. Positron emission topography (PET) on day 30 showed significant improvement but avid cervical lymph nodes. Image 1C shows disease status on day 60. The PET scan on day 100 showed a complete response. At submission of this report, the patient was in ongoing complete response more than 1 year after axicabtagene ciloleucel treatment.
Chemotherapy-Induced Metastasis: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Manifestations, Therapeutic Interventions
Authors: George S. Karagiannis, John S. Condeelis, Maja H. Oktay
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Chemotherapy offers long-term clinical benefits to many patients with advanced cancer. However, recent evidence has linked the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy with the de novo elicitation of a prometastatic tumor microenvironment. This “modified” tumor microenvironment is triggered by a chemotherapy-driven cytokine storm or through direct effects of certain chemotherapeutics on stromal and/or immune cells, the most critical being tumor-associated macrophages. These chemotherapy-educated cells act as facilitators in tumor–host cell interactions promoting the establishment of distant metastasis. Certain clinical studies now offer substantial evidence that prometastatic changes are indeed identified in the tumor microenvironment of certain patient subpopulations, especially those that do not present with any pathologic response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Deciphering the exact contextual prerequisites for chemotherapy-driven metastasis will be paramount for designing novel mechanism–based treatments for circumventing chemotherapy-induced metastasis.
Over-the-scope clip as salvage therapy in refractory bleeding from esophageal variceal band ligation-induced ulcer
Authors: Chawin Lopimpisuth, Tossapol Kerdsirichairat, Mirmilad Pourmousavi Khoshknab, James P. Hamilton, Saowanee Ngamruengphong
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Endoscopic variceal band ligation (EVBL)-induced ulcer bleeding is a known serious complication of banding, with a prevalence of 2.8 % – 15 % and a mortality rate up to 52 % [1] [2] [3]. Treatment options are limited. Several modalities have been reported including EVBL, cyanoacrylate injection, argon plasma coagulation, Sengstaken–Blakemore tube, and hemostatic spray, with variable treatment success [2] [4]. Herein, we present a case using an over-the-scope clip (OTSC) as salvage therapy in a patient with refractory bleeding from EVBL-induced ulcer despite standard endoscopic treatment.
BAALC Is a Key Mediator of Leukemia Development in Congenital Neutropenia
Authors: Benjamin Dannenmann, Maksim Klimiankou, Anna Solovyeva, Azadeh Zahabi, Perihan Mir, Masoud Nasri, Regine Bernhard, Christian Lindner, Tatsuya Morishima, Doris Steinemann, Cornelia Zeidler, Lothar Kanz, Karl Welte, Julia Skokowa
Journal: Blood (2017)
Detection and genomic interrogation of invasive circulating tumor cells (iCTCs) derived from men with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).
Authors: Terence W. Friedlander, Vivian K. Weinberg, Ritu Roy, Vy Ngo, Huang Dong, Shaun Doty, Qiang Zhao, Gayatri Premasekharan, Elizabeth Gilbert, Charles J. Ryan, Wen-Tien Chen, Pamela Paris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

11048 Background: Isolation, enumeration, and genomic profiling of CRPC CTCs offers the potential to discover genetic changes that occur in advanced disease. The Vitatex VitaCap platform captures CTCs based on their ability to invade a collagenous matrix (CAM), allows for capture of invasive CTCs (iCTCs) independent of EpCAM status, and yields viable cells suitable for comprehensive genomic study. Here we sought to compare CTC yields between the CAM and CellSearch platforms, to determine the utility of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as an iCTC biomarker, to identify iCTC clusters and iCTCs expressing stem-like markers, and to explore the feasibility of iCTC epigenomic analysis. Methods: CTCs were isolated and enumerated simultaneously using the CellSearch and CAM platforms in 23 men with mCRPC. CAM-isolated iCTCs were defined as EpCAM+PSMA+ and were enumerated immunocytochemically (ICC) and by flow cytometry. iCTC clusters were enumerated by ICC. The Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip was used to determine whole genome methylation status for CAM isolated cells. Results: 35 samples were collected for CAM analysis. A median of 27 (range 0-800) and 23 (range 2-390) iCTCs/ml were detected by ICC and flow respectively. In a subset of 20 samples, a median of 7 CTCs/ml (range 0-85) were detected by the CellSearch platform. CTCs were detectable by either CAM or CellSearch in &gt;95% of samples. iCTC clusters were observed in 23% of samples with a median 7 clusters/ml (range 1-200). iCTCs expressing stem-like markers CD44 and Seprase were detected in 70% and 97% of samples by ICC and flow respectively, with a median of 9/ml (range 1-264) by flow. The iCTC methylation profile highly resembled mCRPC. Conclusions: The CAM and CellSearch platforms yield comparable CTC counts. iCTC clusters and iCTCs expressing stem-like markers are detectable using the CAM platform, and the iCTC methylome closely resembles that of mCRPC. Correlation with clinical data may yield further insight into the functional significance of these findings.
Lipophilic Statins and Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Death in Patients With Chronic Viral Hepatitis: Results From a Nationwide Swedish Population
Authors: Tracey G. Simon, Ann-Sofi Duberg, Soo Aleman, Hannes Hagstrom, Long H. Nguyen, Hamed Khalili, Raymond T. Chung, Jonas F. Ludvigsson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

Background: Whether statin type influences hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence or mortality in chronic hepatitis B or C virus infection is unknown. Objective: To assess the relationship between lipophilic or hydrophilic statin use and HCC incidence and mortality in a nationwide population with viral hepatitis. Design: Prospective propensity score (PS)–matched cohort. Setting: Swedish registers, 2005 to 2013. Participants: A PS-matched cohort of 16 668 adults (8334 who initiated statin use [6554 lipophilic and 1780 hydrophilic] and 8334 nonusers) among 63 279 eligible adults. Measurements: Time to incident HCC, ascertained from validated registers. Statin use was defined from filled prescriptions as 30 or more cumulative defined daily doses (cDDDs). Results: Compared with matched nonusers, 10-year HCC risk was significantly lower among lipophilic statin users (8.1% vs. 3.3%; absolute risk difference [RD], −4.8 percentage points [95% CI, −6.2 to −3.3 percentage points]; adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio [aHR], 0.56 [CI, 0.41 to 0.79]) but not hydrophilic statin users (8.0% vs. 6.8%; RD, −1.2 percentage points [CI, −2.6 to 0.4 percentage points]; aHR, 0.95 [CI, 0.86 to 1.08]). The inverse association between lipophilic statins and HCC risk seemed to be dose-dependent. Compared with nonusers, 10-year HCC risk was lowest with 600 or more lipophilic statin cDDDs (8.4% vs. 2.5%; RD, −5.9 percentage points [CI, −7.6 to −4.2 percentage points]; aHR, 0.41 [CI, 0.32 to 0.61]), and 10-year mortality was significantly lower among both lipophilic (15.2% vs. 7.3%; RD, −7.9 percentage points [CI, −9.6 to −6.2 percentage points]) and hydrophilic (16.0% vs. 11.5%; RD, −4.5 percentage points [CI, −6.0 to −3.0 percentage points]) statin users. Limitation: Lack of lipid, fibrosis, or HCC surveillance data. Conclusion: In a nationwide viral hepatitis cohort, lipophilic statins were associated with significantly reduced HCC incidence and mortality. An association between hydrophilic statins and reduced risk for HCC was not found. Further research is needed to determine whether lipophilic statin therapy is feasible for prevention of HCC. Primary Funding Source: None.
Bladder cancer in African-Americans: Defining intrinsic biology and outcome.
Authors: David D. Chism, Jeffrey S. Damrauer, Sarah A. Gallagher, Matthew I. Milowsky, William Y. Kim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e15595 Background: Matched for stage and grade, urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder has a higher cancer-specific mortality in African-Americans [AAs] as compared to whites. Gene expression studies in breast cancer have identified a basal-like subtype in AAs associated with a worse prognosis. We sought to use gene expression analysis to determine if the difference in outcome in UC is related to tumor biology. Methods: RNA expression of high-grade, muscle invasive UC tumors was filtered for dynamically expressed genes, hierarchically clustered and used to define the optimal number of gene expression subclasses by the criterion of subclass stability. 2 class Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) was used to define the most differentially expressed genes and this list was analyzed by DAVID and Ingenuity (IPA) pathway analysis. The 50-gene predictor (PAM50) was used to determine correlation to the basal centroid of basal-like breast cancer. Results: Using hierarchical clustering, K=3 was independently found to yield the optimal number of subclasses. 2 class SAM generated a list of approximately 1,800 genes that were most differentially expressed between each molecular subtype and the others. DAVID and Ingenuity (IPA) pathway analysis revealed basal, urothelial, and extracellular matrix (ECM)-rich subtypes based on expression of specific genes or gene pathways. Based on the PAM50 classifier, a significant fraction of the tumors from AA (8/9) were classified as basal-like (P=0.03. Chi square). Conclusions: Our preliminary data suggests that AA patients have a higher rate of basal-like UC of the bladder cancer.
SAT0063 Bleeding time and platelet function in normal volunteers receiving meloxicam
Authors: HM Rinder, RP Gagnier, M Souhrada, CC Wood
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Traditional NSAIDs relieve the inflammation and pain of arthritis through inhibition of cycloxygenase (COX)-2, but adverse gastrointestinal and platelet side effects are common with inhibition of COX-1. Because meloxciam inhibits COX-2 to a greater degree than COX-1, it may therefore have inflammatory efficacy without adverse effects on platelet function. <h3>Objectives</h3> This study assessed the effects of once daily meloxicam (7.5, 15, and 30 mg) on bleeding time and platelet function in healthy subjects as compared to placebo or extended-release indomethacin capsules (75 mg) as an active control. <h3>Methods</h3> In this double-blind study, healthy male and female subjects were randomised to received 8 days of a single dose of meloxicam 7.5 mg (N = 16), 15 mg (N = 16), or 30 mg (N = 16), placebo (N = 16), or indomethacin ER 75 mg (N = 15). Subjects were serially evaluated with bleeding times (simplate method), platelet aggregation to Arachidonic acid (AA) and ADP, and serum thromboxane B<sub>2</sub> (TXB<sub>2</sub>) levels. Changesfrom the pre-drug baseline were evaluated on Day 8 prior to drugdosing and at 3 and 6 h after dosing. <h3>Results</h3> None of the meloxicam doses prolonged the bleeding time, either chronically (Day 8 predose) or acutely (Day 8, 3 and 6 hrs post-dose) in comparison with placebo. By contrast, indomethacin significantly prolonged the bleeding time 6 hrs after dosing on Day 8. Similar to the bleeding time results, there was no inhibitory effect of meloxicam at any dose on either ADP- or AA-induced platelet aggregation when compared with placebo; whereas indomethacin significantly inhibited platelet aggregation to ADP (Day 8, 3 and 6 hrs post-dose) and to AA (Day 8, pre-dose and 3 and 6 hrs post-dose (p &lt; 0.05). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Meloxicam at higher than recommended doses had no acute or chronic effect on bleeding times and did not inhibit either AA or ADP induced platelet aggregation in healthy volunteers. By contrast indomethacin ER 75 mg significantly reduced platelet aggregation and increased bleeding times.
Prophylactic Portacaval Anastomosis in Cirrhotic Patients with Esophageal Varices
Authors: Harold O. Conn, W. W. Lindenmuth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

SINCE Whipple1 and Blakemore and Lord2 introduced portacaval shunting as an effective means of portal decompression this technic has become the definitive surgical treatment of portal hypertension. Almost all investigators agree that the incidence of recurrent hemorrhage from esophageal varices in patients who have previously experienced such bleeding is sharply decreased after the construction of therapeutic portacaval shunts.3 4 5 6 7 8 9§ Furthermore, these authors believe that portal decompression decreases the overall mortality in the survivors of hemorrhage by the prevention of further bleeding. Others question its effectiveness in reducing the mortality in these patients since it is available to only the fittest . . .
Prophylaxis with Intrathecal Chemotherapy and High Dose Methotrexate in Patients with Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma at High Risk for Central Nervous System Relapse: A Single Centre Experience
Authors: Dario Marino, Silvia Finotto, Caterina Boso, Federica Vianello, Benedetta Chiusole, Marco Pizzi, Paola Fogar, Vittorina Zagonel
Journal: Blood (2018)
Paradoxical effects of chemotherapy on tumor relapse and metastasis promotion
Authors: Crescenzo D’Alterio, Stefania Scala, Gabriella Sozzi, Luca Roz, Giulia Bertolini
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2019)

Several lines of compelling pre-clinical evidence identify chemotherapy as a potentially double-edged sword: therapeutic efficacy on the primary tumor may in fact be counterbalanced by the induction of tumor/host reactive responses supportive for survival and dissemination of cancer cell subpopulations. This paradoxical effect of chemotherapy can affect different districts such as the primary tumor, the circulation and distant organs by simultaneously shaping properties and composition of tumor and stromal cells. At the primary tumor site, chemotherapy has been reported to promote selection of chemoresistant and disseminating tumor cells endowed with properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs) through activation of autocrine and paracrine self-renewing/survival pathways promoted jointly by therapy-selected tumor and stromal cells. Resistant CSCs represent seeds for tumor relapse and increased infiltration by immune cells, together with enhanced vascular permeability induced by chemotherapy, facilitates tumor cells intravasation, the first step of the metastatic cascade. As a consequence of primary tumor/metastasis re-shaping induced by chemotherapy, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) detected during therapy can display a shift towards a more mesenchymal and stem-like phenotype, conductive to increased ability to survive in the circulation and seed distant organs. At the metastatic site, host responses to therapy activate inflammatory pathways that ultimately facilitate tumor cells extravasation and metastatic colonization. Finally, cooperation of immune cells and endothelial cells at perivascular niches favors the extravasation of tumor cells endowed with high potential for metastasis initiation and protects them from chemotherapy. This review highlights the paradoxical pro-metastatic effects of chemotherapy linking reactive responses to treatment to tumor relapse and metastasis formation through primary tumor remodeling and generation of a favorable pro-metastatic niche.