tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Controversies in acute kidney injury: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Conference
Authors: Marlies Ostermann, Rinaldo Bellomo, Emmanuel A. Burdmann, Kent Doi, Zoltan H. Endre, Stuart L. Goldstein, Sandra L. Kane-Gill, Kathleen D. Liu, John R. Prowle, Andrew D. Shaw, Nattachai Srisawat, Michael Cheung, Michel Jadoul, Wolfgang C. Winkelmayer, John A. Kellum, Sean M. Bagshaw, Erin F. Barreto, Azra Bihorac, Ilona Bobek, Josée Bouchard, Jorge Cerdá, Rajasekara Chakravarthi, Silvia De Rosa, Daniel T. Engelman, Lui G. Forni, Ulla K. Hemmilä, Charles A. Herzog, Eric A. Hoste, Sarah C. Huen, Kunitoshi Iseki, Michael Joannidis, Kianoush B. Kashani, Jay L. Koyner, Andreas Kribben, Norbert Lameire, Andrew S. Levey, Etienne Macedo, Jolanta Małyszko, Melanie Meersch, Ravindra L. Mehta, Irene Mewburn, Olga Mironova, Patrick T. Murray, Mitra K. Nadim, Jenny S. Pan, Neesh Pannu, Zhiyong Peng, Barbara Philips, Daniela Ponce, Patricio E. Ray, Zaccaria Ricci, Thomas Rimmelé, Claudio Ronco, Edward D. Siew, Paul E. Stevens, Ashita J. Tolwani, Marcello Tonelli, Suvi T. Vaara, Marjel van Dam, Anitha Vijayan, Michael Wise, Vin-Cent Wu, Alexander Zarbock
Journal: Kidney International (2020)

In 2012, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) published a guideline on the classification and management of acute kidney injury (AKI). The guideline was derived from evidence available through February 2011. Since then, new evidence has emerged that has important implications for clinical practice in diagnosing and managing AKI. In April of 2019, KDIGO held a controversies conference entitled Acute Kidney Injury with the following goals: determine best practices and areas of uncertainty in treating AKI; review key relevant literature published since the 2012 KDIGO AKI guideline; address ongoing controversial issues; identify new topics or issues to be revisited for the next iteration of the KDIGO AKI guideline; and outline research needed to improve AKI management. Here, we present the findings of this conference and describe key areas that future guidelines may address.
Validation of a 40-gene expression profile test to predict metastatic risk in localized high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ashley Wysong, Jason G. Newman, Kyle R. Covington, Sarah J. Kurley, Sherrif F. Ibrahim, Aaron S. Farberg, Anna Bar, Nathan J. Cleaver, Ally-Khan Somani, David Panther, David G. Brodland, John Zitelli, Jennifer Toyohara, Ian A. Maher, Yang Xia, Kristin Bibee, Robert Griego, Darrell S. Rigel, Kristen Meldi Plasseraud, Sarah Estrada, Lauren Meldi Sholl, Clare Johnson, Robert W. Cook, Chrysalyne D. Schmults, Sarah T. Arron
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)

Current staging systems for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) have limited positive predictive value for identifying patients who will experience metastasis.To develop and validate a gene expression profile (GEP) test for predicting risk for metastasis in localized, high-risk cSCC with the goal of improving risk-directed patient management.Archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary cSCC tissue and clinicopathologic data (n = 586) were collected from 23 independent centers in a prospectively designed study. A GEP signature was developed using a discovery cohort (n = 202) and validated in a separate, nonoverlapping, independent cohort (n = 324).A prognostic 40-GEP test was developed and validated, stratifying patients with high-risk cSCC into classes based on metastasis risk: class 1 (low risk), class 2A (high risk), and class 2B (highest risk). For the validation cohort, 3-year metastasis-free survival rates were 91.4%, 80.6%, and 44.0%, respectively. A positive predictive value of 60% was achieved for the highest-risk group (class 2B), an improvement over staging systems, and negative predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity were comparable to staging systems.Potential understaging of cases could affect metastasis rate accuracy.The 40-GEP test is an independent predictor of metastatic risk that can complement current staging systems for patients with high-risk cSCC.
“Beta-blocker exposure for short-term outcomes following non-cardiac surgery: A meta-analysis of observational studies” Int J Surg. 2020 Mar 10. pii: S1743-9191(20)30206-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.041. [Epub ahead of print]
Authors: Aram Baram
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2020)
Imaging Tau Pathology—The Next Step
Authors: William J. Jagust
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Affording Genetic Therapies in the Medicaid Program
Authors: Jeromie Ballreich, Ijeamaka Ezebilo, Joshua Sharfstein
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Metagenomic analysis of the human microbiome reveals the association between the abundance of gut bile salt hydrolases and host health
Authors: Baolei Jia, Dongbin Park, Yoonsoo Hahn, Che Ok Jeon
Journal: Gut Microbes (2020)

Bile acid metabolism by the gut microbiome exerts both beneficial and harmful effects on host health. Microbial bile salt hydrolases (BSHs), which initiate bile acid metabolism, exhibit both positive and negative effects on host physiology. In this study, 5,790 BSH homologs were collected and classified into seven clusters based on a sequence similarity network. Next, the abundance and distribution of BSH in 380 metagenomes from healthy participants were analyzed. It was observed that different clusters occupied diverse ecological niches in the human microbiome and that the clusters with signal peptides were relatively abundant in the gut. Then, the association between BSH clusters and 12 human diseases was analyzed by comparing the abundances of BSH genes in patients (n = 1,605) and healthy controls (n = 1,540). The analysis identified a significant association between BSH gene abundance and 10 human diseases, including gastrointestinal diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes, liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological diseases. The associations were further validated by separate cohorts with inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer. These large-scale studies of enzyme sequences combined with metagenomic data provide a reproducible assessment of the association between gut BSHs and human diseases. This information can contribute to future diagnostic and therapeutic applications of BSH-active bacteria for improving human health.
DNA methylation and copy number variation profiling of T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma
Authors: Zahra Haider, Mattias Landfors, Irina Golovleva, Martin Erlanson, Kjeld Schmiegelow, Trond Flægstad, Jukka Kanerva, Ulrika Norén-Nyström, Magnus Hultdin, Sofie Degerman
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2020)

Despite having common overlapping immunophenotypic and morphological features, T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and lymphoma (T-LBL) have distinct clinical manifestations, which may represent separate diseases. We investigated and compared the epigenetic and genetic landscape of adult and pediatric T-ALL (n = 77) and T-LBL (n = 15) patient samples by high-resolution genome-wide DNA methylation and Copy Number Variation (CNV) BeadChip arrays. DNA methylation profiling identified the presence of CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) subgroups within both pediatric and adult T-LBL and T-ALL. An epigenetic signature of 128 differentially methylated CpG sites was identified, that clustered T-LBL and T-ALL separately. The most significant differentially methylated gene loci included the SGCE/PEG10 shared promoter region, previously implicated in lymphoid malignancies. CNV analysis confirmed overlapping recurrent aberrations between T-ALL and T-LBL, including 9p21.3 (CDKN2A/CDKN2B) deletions. A significantly higher frequency of chromosome 13q14.2 deletions was identified in T-LBL samples (36% in T-LBL vs. 0% in T-ALL). This deletion, encompassing the RB1, MIR15A and MIR16-1 gene loci, has been reported as a recurrent deletion in B-cell malignancies. Our study reveals epigenetic and genetic markers that can distinguish between T-LBL and T-ALL, and deepen the understanding of the biology underlying the diverse disease localization.
Obesity Paradox in Patients With Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Immunotherapy
Authors: Alejandro Sanchez, Helena Furberg
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Combining total laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with subcutaneous mastectomy in trans men: The effect on safety outcomes
Authors: Lian Elfering, Tim C. van de Grift, Mark-Bram Bouman, Norah M. van Mello, Freek A. Groenman, Judith A. Huirne, Ivo Y. W. Budiman, Linde D. J. Goijen, Dorothea K. G. van Loenen, Margriet G. Mullender
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2020)

Background: Masculinizing mastectomy is the most requested gender affirming surgery (GAS) in trans men, followed by genital GAS. Mastectomy and total laparoscopic hysterectomy, with or without bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TLH ± BSO), can both be performed in one single operation session. However, data on complication rates of the combined procedure is scarce and no consensus exists on the preferred order of procedures.Aims: To compare safety outcomes between mastectomy performed in a single procedure with those when performed in a combined procedure and assess whether the order of procedures matters when they are combined.Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of trans men who underwent masculinizing mastectomy with or without TLH ± BSO in a combined session. The effects of the surgical procedure on complication and reoperation rate of the chest were assessed using logistic regression.Results: In total, 480 trans men were included in the study. Of these, 212 patients underwent the combined procedure. The gynecological procedure was performed first in 152 (71.7%) patients. In the total sample, postoperative hematoma of the chest occurred in 11.3%; 16% in the combined versus 7.5% in the single mastectomy group (p = 0.001). Reoperations due to hematoma of the chest were performed in 7.5% of all patients; 10.8% in the combined versus 4.9% in the single mastectomy group (p = 0.017). The order of procedures in the combined group had no significant effect on postoperative hematoma of the chest (p = 0.856), and reoperations (p = 0.689).Conclusion: Combining masculinizing mastectomy with TLH ± BSO in one session was associated with significantly more hematoma and reoperations compared with separately performing mastectomy. This increased risk of complications after a combined procedure should be considered when deciding on surgical options. The order of procedures in a combined procedure did not have an effect on safety outcomes.
Abstract 12081: Beneficial Effects of Ferric Carboxymaltose in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Iron Deficiency: A Long-term Study
Authors: Tilmann T Kramer, Thomas Viethen, Kristiana Natsina, Felix Gerhardt, Henrik Ten-Freyhaus, Daniel Dumitrescu, Martin Hellmich, Stephan Baldus, Stephan Rosenkranz
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: PAH is a progressive disease with limited prognosis. Iron deficiency (ID) correlates in PAH patients with disease severity and mortality. Oral iron resorption is impaired by hepcidine...
Screening for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with artificial intelligence
Authors: Jean-Emmanuel Bibault, Lei Xing
Journal: The Lancet Digital Health (2020)

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) to perform medical tasks is being assessed in almost every field of practice. Deep neural networks, which were first used to classify pictures of objects, are now being repurposed to diagnose skin cancer,1 screen for breast cancer,2 predict circulatory failure,3 and perform image reconstruction,4 among many other applications. In The Lancet Digital Health, Lisa Y W Tang and colleagues5 report the use of a transfer learning approach to detect signs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on low-dose CT.
Ventilatory demand–capacity imbalance during incremental exercise in COPD: an<i>in silico</i>perspective
Authors: J. Alberto Neder
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>The <i>V</i>′<sub>E</sub>–<i>V</i>′<sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub> relationship during incremental exercise has a major impact on peak exercise capacity across the range of COPD severity.</b>https://bit.ly/2RU1fCy
A novel technique for performing gallbladder tumor biopsy using a stent delivery system and biopsy forceps
Authors: Tomoaki Matsumori, Norimitsu Uza, Hirokazu Okada, Takahisa Maruno, Masahiro Shiokawa, Yuzo Kodama, Hiroshi Seno
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

A 79-year-old man presented to our hospital with a gallbladder tumor diagnosed using abdominal ultrasonography (AUS). AUS, contrast-enhanced computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging showed a protruded lesion at the gallbladder fundus ([Fig. 1], [Fig. 2]). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) was performed, and cholecystography revealed a contrast agent defect at the gallbladder fundus ([Fig. 3]).
Remdesivir in covid-19
Authors: Robin E Ferner, Jeffrey K Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Remdesivir in covid-19 Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Acrylamide Exposure and Oxidative DNA Damage, Lipid Peroxidation, and Fasting Plasma Glucose Alteration: Association and Mediation Analyses in Chinese Urban Adults
Authors: Bin Wang, Weihong Qiu, Shijie Yang, Limin Cao, Chunmei Zhu, Jixuan Ma, Wei Li, Zhuang Zhang, Tao Xu, Xing Wang, Man Cheng, Ge Mu, Dongming Wang, Yun Zhou, Jing Yuan, Weihong Chen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

Acrylamide exposure from daily-consumed food has raised global concern. We aimed to assess the exposure-response relationships of internal acrylamide exposure with oxidative DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) alteration and investigate the mediating role of oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in the association of internal acrylamide exposure with FPG.FPG and urinary biomarkers of oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG]), lipid peroxidation (8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α [8-iso-PGF2α]), and acrylamide exposure (N-acetyl-S-[2-carbamoylethyl]-l-cysteine [AAMA], N-acetyl-S-[2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl]-l-cysteine [GAMA]) were measured for 3,270 general adults from the Wuhan-Zhuhai cohort. The associations of urinary acrylamide metabolites with 8-OHdG, 8-iso-PGF2α, and FPG were assessed by linear mixed models. The mediating roles of 8-OHdG and 8-iso-PGF2α were evaluated by mediation analysis.We found significant linear positive dose-response relationships of urinary acrylamide metabolites with 8-OHdG, 8-iso-PGF2α, and FPG (except GAMA with FPG) and 8-iso-PGF2α with FPG. Each 1-unit increase in log-transformed level of AAMA, AAMA + GAMA (ΣUAAM), or 8-iso-PGF2α was associated with a 0.17, 0.15, or 0.23 mmol/L increase in FPG, respectively (P and/or P trend < 0.05). Each 1% increase in AAMA, GAMA, or ΣUAAM was associated with a 0.19%, 0.27%, or 0.22% increase in 8-OHdG, respectively, and a 0.40%, 0.48%, or 0.44% increase in 8-iso-PGF2α, respectively (P and P trend < 0.05). Increased 8-iso-PGF2α rather than 8-OHdG significantly mediated 64.29% and 76.92% of the AAMA- and ΣUAAM-associated FPG increases, respectively.Exposure of the general adult population to acrylamide was associated with FPG elevation, oxidative DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation, which in turn partly mediated acrylamide-associated FPG elevation.
Parallel Genetic Origin of Foot Feathering in Birds
Authors: Chiara Bortoluzzi, Hendrik-Jan Megens, Mirte Bosse, Martijn F L Derks, Bert Dibbits, Kimberly Laport, Steffen Weigend, Martien A M Groenen, Richard P M A Crooijmans
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2020)

Understanding the genetic basis of similar phenotypes shared between lineages is a long-lasting research interest. Even though animal evolution offers many examples of parallelism, for many phenotypes little is known about the underlying genes and mutations. We here use a combination of whole-genome sequencing, expression analyses, and comparative genomics to study the parallel genetic origin of ptilopody (Pti) in chicken. Ptilopody (or foot feathering) is a polygenic trait that can be observed in domesticated and wild avian species and is characterized by the partial or complete development of feathers on the ankle and feet. In domesticated birds, ptilopody is easily selected to fixation, though extensive variation in the type and level of feather development is often observed. By means of a genome-wide association analysis, we identified two genomic regions associated with ptilopody. At one of the loci, we identified a 17-kb deletion affecting PITX1 expression, a gene known to encode a transcription regulator of hindlimb identity and development. Similarly to pigeon, at the second loci, we observed ectopic expression of TBX5, a gene involved in forelimb identity and a key determinant of foot feather development. We also observed that the trait evolved only once as foot-feathered birds share the same haplotype upstream TBX5. Our findings indicate that in chicken and pigeon ptilopody is determined by the same set of genes that affect similar molecular pathways. Our study confirms that ptilopody has evolved through parallel evolution in chicken and pigeon.
Association of High Serum Interleukin‐6 Levels With Severe Progression of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Increased Treatment Response Differentiating Sarilumab From Adalimumab or Methotrexate in a Post Hoc Analysis
Authors: Anita Boyapati, Sergio Schwartzman, Jérôme Msihid, Ernest Choy, Mark C. Genovese, Gerd R. Burmester, Gordon Lam, Toshio Kimura, Jonathan Sadeh, David M. Weinreich, George D. Yancopoulos, Neil M. H. Graham
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2020)

Objective The development of biomarkers to guide treatment decisions is a major research focus in rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ). Patients with RA have elevated interleukin‐6 ( IL ‐6) levels; however, the utility of IL ‐6 as a predictor of treatment response is unclear. This study was undertaken to investigate, by post hoc analysis, whether baseline IL ‐6 levels are predictive of sarilumab treatment responses in 2 phase III studies. Methods Serum IL ‐6 concentrations were measured in patients with RA prior to receiving sarilumab 200 mg (n = 148) or adalimumab 40 mg (n = 152) every 2 weeks (in the MONARCH trial; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT 02332590) or sarilumab 150 mg, sarilumab 200 mg, or placebo every 2 weeks plus methotrexate ( MTX ) (n = 401, n = 396, and n = 397, respectively) (in the MOBILITY trial; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT 01061736). Efficacy and patient‐reported outcomes were compared between and within groups according to IL ‐6 tertile using linear and logistic regression. Results In MONARCH , patients with high baseline IL ‐6 levels (all ≥3 times the upper limit of normal; n = 100) had higher disease activity at baseline than those with low IL ‐6 levels (n = 100). The magnitude of clinical improvement over 24 weeks with sarilumab versus adalimumab was greater in patients with high compared to those with low baseline IL ‐6 levels. In MOBILITY , compared to patients with low IL ‐6 levels (n = 397), patients with high IL ‐6 levels (n = 398) had higher disease activity and joint damage at baseline, were more likely to have joint progression, and had less clinical improvement over 52 weeks’ treatment with placebo plus MTX compared to sarilumab 150 mg or 200 mg plus MTX . Baseline IL ‐6 and C‐reactive protein levels were both predictive of outcomes. Safety profiles were similar between defined IL ‐6 tertiles. Conclusion IL ‐6 may be a prognostic marker of disease progression and severity, and patients with high IL ‐6 levels may be likely to benefit from sarilumab compared to adalimumab or MTX . Prospective validation is warranted to confirm the results of these post hoc analyses.