tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Harriet L. MacMillan, Melissa Kimber, Donna E. Stewart
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of 2 Integrated Interventions on Alcohol Abstinence and Viral Suppression Among Vietnamese Adults With Hazardous Alcohol Use and HIV
Authors: Vivian F. Go, Heidi E. Hutton, Tran V. Ha, Geetanjali Chander, Carl A. Latkin, Nguyen V. T. Mai, Bui X. Quynh, Vu Nguyen, Teerada Sripaipan, Kathryn E. Lancaster, Natalie Blackburn, Rebecca B. Hershow, David W. Dowdy, Constantine Frangakis
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Hazardous and heavy alcohol use is common among people living with HIV and may decrease antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, but limited data exist from randomized clinical trials about the effects of interventions on viral load.To compare the efficacy of 2 scalable ART clinic-based interventions on alcohol use and viral suppression.This 3-group randomized clinical trial was conducted among 440 adults with HIV who were being treated at 7 ART clinics in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam. Adults receiving ART with hazardous alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption score ≥4 for men or ≥3 for women) and no plans to leave Thai Nguyen were included. Data were collected from March 2016 to May 2018 and analyzed from June 2018 to February 2020.Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to standard of care (SOC), a combined intervention of motivational enhancement therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy (6 in-person sessions of 1 hour each and 3 optional group sessions), or a brief intervention with similar components as the combined intervention but consisting of 2 shorter in-person sessions and 2 telephone sessions.The primary study outcomes were percentage of days abstinent from alcohol, confirmed using the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol, and viral suppression at 12 months after enrollment.A total of 440 eligible individuals (mean [SD] age, 40.2 [5.8] years; 426 [96.8%] men) were enrolled; 147 (33.4%) were assigned to the combined intervention, 147 (33.4%) to the brief intervention, and 146 (33.2%) to SOC. In the combined intervention group, 112 participants (76.2%) attended all 6 sessions, and in the brief intervention group, 124 (84.4%) attended all 4 sessions; in the whole sample, 390 (88.6%) completed 12 months of follow-up. At 12 months, the mean (SE) percentage of days abstinent was 65% (3.1%) among those in the combined intervention group, 65% (3.2%) among those in the brief intervention group, and 50% (3.4%) among those in the in the SOC group (Cohen d for combined intervention vs SOC and brief intervention vs SOC: 39%; 95% CI, 15% to 64%). Viral suppression (ie, <20 copies of HIV-1 RNA per milliliter) at 12 months was higher after the brief intervention than SOC (difference, 11%; 95% CI, 2% to 20%), but the difference between the combined intervention and SOC was not significantly different (difference, 5%; 95%, CI, -5% to 15%).In this study, the brief intervention resulted in a significant increase in percentage of days abstinent from alcohol and a significant increase in viral suppression after 12 months. Future implementation science studies evaluating scale-up of the brief intervention are needed.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02720237.
CMS Quality Measure Development—Reply
Authors: Rishi K. Wadhera, Karen E. Joynt Maddox, Robert W. Yeh
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Coronary microvascular dysfunction is associated with exertional haemodynamic abnormalities in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Ali Ahmad, Michel T. Corban, Takumi Toya, Frederik H. Verbrugge, Jaskanwal D. Sara, Lilach O. Lerman, Barry A. Borlaug, Amir Lerman
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2020)
Ultrasensitive high-resolution profiling of early seroconversion in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Maia Norman, Tal Gilboa, Alana F. Ogata, Adam M. Maley, Limor Cohen, Evan L. Busch, Roey Lazarovits, Chih-Ping Mao, Yongfei Cai, Jun Zhang, Jared E. Feldman, Blake M. Hauser, Timothy M. Caradonna, Bing Chen, Aaron G. Schmidt, Galit Alter, Richelle C. Charles, Edward T. Ryan, David R. Walt
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2020)

Sensitive assays are essential for the accurate identification of individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we report a multiplexed assay for the fluorescence-based detection of seroconversion in infected individuals from less than 1 µl of blood, and as early as the day of the first positive nucleic acid test after symptom onset. The assay uses dye-encoded antigen-coated beads to quantify the levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM and IgA antibodies against four SARS-CoV-2 antigens. A logistic regression model trained using samples collected during the pandemic and samples collected from healthy individuals and patients with respiratory infections before the first outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was 99% accurate in the detection of seroconversion in a blinded validation cohort of samples collected before the pandemic and from patients with COVID-19 five or more days after a positive nasopharyngeal test by PCR with reverse transcription. The high-throughput serological profiling of patients with COVID-19 allows for the interrogation of interactions between antibody isotypes and viral proteins, and should help us to understand the heterogeneity of clinical presentations.
Stable human regulatory T cells switch to glycolysis following TNF receptor 2 costimulation
Authors: Sander de Kivit, Mark Mensink, Anna T. Hoekstra, Ilana Berlin, Rico J. E. Derks, Demi Both, Muhammad A. Aslam, Derk Amsen, Celia R. Berkers, Jannie Borst
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2020)
Galvanic replacement reaction for in situ fabrication of litchi-shaped heterogeneous liquid metal-Au nano-composite for radio-photothermal cancer therapy
Authors: Zhenhu Guo, Jingsong Lu, Dan Wang, Wensheng Xie, Yongjie Chi, Jianzhong Xu, Nonaka Takuya, Junxin Zhang, Wanling Xu, Fei Gao, Hong Wu, Lingyun Zhao
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2020)

With tremendous research advances in biomedical application, liquid metals (LM) also offer fantastic chemistry for synthesis of novel nano-composites. Herein, as a pioneering trial, litchi-shaped heterogeneous eutectic gallium indium-Au nanoparticles (EGaIn-Au NPs), served as effective radiosensitizer and photothermal agent for radio-photothermal cancer therapy, have been successfully prepared using in situ interfacial galvanic replacement reaction. The enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency and boosted radio-sensitization effect could be achieved with the reduction of Au nanodots onto the eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) NPs surface. Most importantly, the growth of tumor could be effectively inhibited under the combined radio-photothermal therapy mediated by EGaIn-Au NPs. Inspired by this approach, in situ interfacial galvanic replacement reaction may open a novel strategy to fabricate LM-based nano-composite with advanced multi-functionalities.
Cell‐type‐specific insights into iron regulatory processes
Authors: Katarzyna Mleczko‐Sanecka, Laura Silvestri
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2020)

Despite its essential role in many biological processes, iron is toxic when in excess due to its propensity to generate reactive oxygen species. To prevent diseases associated with iron deficiency or iron loading, iron homeostasis must be tightly controlled. Intracellular iron content is regulated by the Iron Regulatory Element-Iron Regulatory Protein (IRE-IRP) system, whereas systemic iron availability is adjusted to body iron needs chiefly by the hepcidin-ferroportin (FPN) axis. Here, we aimed to review advances in the field that shed light on cell-type-specific regulatory mechanisms that control or modify systemic and local iron balance, and how shifts in cellular iron levels may affect specialized cell functions.
Technology Changes the Ethical Stakes in HIV Surveillance and Prevention: Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “Reassessing the Ethics of Molecular HIV Surveillance in the Era of Cluster Detection and Response”
Authors: Stephen Molldrem, Anthony K J Smith
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2020)

Since we first submitted “Reassessing the Ethics of Molecular HIV Surveillance in the Era of Cluster Detection and Response: Toward HIV Data Justice” (Molldrem and Smith 2020) to The American Journ...
Allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell immunotherapy exhibits promising clinical safety and prolongs the survival of patients with late-stage lung or liver cancer
Authors: Yan Xu, Zheng Xiang, Mohammed Alnaggar, Léonce Kouakanou, Jiawei Li, Junyi He, Jiashuang Yang, Yi Hu, Yan Chen, Li Lin, Jianlei Hao, Jingxia Li, Jibing Chen, Man Li, Qingling Wu, Christian Peters, Qinghua Zhou, Jianshuang Li, Yingqing Liang, Xiaohua Wang, Baohui Han, Meili Ma, Dieter Kabelitz, Kecheng Xu, Wenwei Tu, Yangzhe Wu, Zhinan Yin
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2020)

Abstract Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are promising candidates for cellular tumor immunotherapy. Due to their HLA-independent mode of action, allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can be considered for clinical application. To apply allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in adoptive immunotherapy, the methodology used to obtain adequate cell numbers with optimal effector function in vitro needs to be optimized, and clinical safety and efficacy also need to be proven. Therefore, we developed a novel formula to improve the expansion of peripheral γδ T cells from healthy donors. Then, we used a humanized mouse model to validate the therapeutic efficacy of expanded γδ T cells in vivo; furthermore, the expanded γδ T cells were adoptively transferred into late-stage liver and lung cancer patients. We found that the expanded cells possessed significantly improved immune effector functions, including proliferation, differentiation, and cancer cell killing, both in vitro and in the humanized mouse model. Furthermore, a phase I clinical trial in 132 late-stage cancer patients with a total of 414 cell infusions unequivocally validated the clinical safety of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Among these 132 patients, 8 liver cancer patients and 10 lung cancer patients who received ≥5 cell infusions showed greatly prolonged survival, which preliminarily verified the efficacy of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell therapy. Our clinical studies underscore the safety and efficacy of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell immunotherapy, which will inspire further clinical investigations and eventually benefit cancer patients.
Trends in Recurrent Coronary Heart Disease After Myocardial Infarction Among US Women and Men Between 2008 and 2017
Authors: Sanne A.E. Peters, Lisandro D. Colantonio, Yuling Dai, Hong Zhao, Vera Bittner, Michael E. Farkouh, Paul Dluzniewski, Bharat Poudel, Paul Muntner, Mark Woodward
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Rates for recurrent coronary heart disease (CHD) events have declined in the United States. However, few studies have assessed whether this decline has been similar among women and men.Data were used from 770 408 US women and 700 477 US men <65 years of age with commercial health insurance through MarketScan and ≥66 years of age with government health insurance through Medicare who had a myocardial infarction (MI) hospitalization between 2008 and 2017. Women and men were followed up for recurrent MI, recurrent CHD events (ie, recurrent MI or coronary revascularization), heart failure hospitalization, and all-cause mortality (Medicare only) in the 365 days after MI.From 2008 to 2017, age-standardized recurrent MI rates per 1000 person-years decreased from 89.2 to 72.3 in women and from 94.2 to 81.3 in men (multivariable-adjusted P interaction by sex <0.001). Recurrent CHD event rates decreased from 166.3 to 133.3 in women and from 198.1 to 176.8 in men (P interaction <0.001). Heart failure hospitalization rates decreased from 177.4 to 158.1 in women and from 162.9 to 156.1 in men (P interaction=0.001). All-cause mortality rates decreased from 403.2 to 389.5 in women and from 436.1 to 417.9 in men (P interaction=0.82). In 2017, the multivariable-adjusted rate ratios comparing women with men were 0.90 (95% CI, 0.86-0.93) for recurrent MI, 0.80 (95% CI, 0.78-0.82) for recurrent CHD events, 0.99 (95% CI, 0.96-1.01) for heart failure hospitalization, and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.80-0.83) for all-cause mortality.Rates of recurrent MI, recurrent CHD events, heart failure hospitalization, and mortality in the first year after an MI declined considerably between 2008 and 2017 in both men and women, with proportionally greater reductions for women than men. However, rates remain very high, and rates of recurrent MI, recurrent CHD events, and death continue to be higher among men than women.
Tcf-luciferase reporter assay as a screening tool to identify agents that nodulate APC/β-catenin signaling.
Authors: Xiaoyan Zhang, Margie L. Clapper, Wen-Chi L. Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

2235  The APC/β-catenin pathway is found to be aberrant in more than 90% of colorectal cancers. Mutations in either APC or β-catenin lead to accumulation of β-catenin within the cytoplasm and nucleus and up-regulation of β-catenin/Tcf-mediated transcriptional activity. We have previously demonstrated that sulindac sulfone decreases cellular levels of total β-catenin and β-catenin/Tcf-mediated transcriptional activity in vitro, and have validated this finding in colon tumors from APCMin mice following drug treatment. The purpose of this study is to use the Tcf-luciferase reporter assay to identify additional agents that can modulate APC/β-catenin signaling. Synthetic and natural occurring compounds, including sulindac (8-32 μM) curcumin (10-30 μM), and celecoxib (20-60 μM), were tested. Dose selection for each agent was based on therapeutic levels in humans, when available, or previously published studies. Human colon carcinoma SW480 cells (bearing mutant APC) were transfected with pGL3-OT or pGL3-OF, luciferase reporter constructs containing 3 copies of either a wild-type or mutated Tcf binding element, respectively. All cells were co-transfected with a β-galactosidase construct to monitor transfection efficiency. Cells were treated with either 3 doses of each agent or the vehicle/DMSO (negative control). After 48 h, cells were lysed and luciferase and β-galactosidase activities were determined. In contrast to sulindac sulfone’s ability to decrease Tcf-mediated transcriptional activity, our recent data indicate that the parent compound sulindac increases Tcf transcriptional activity in a dose-dependent manner. Results from western blot analyses validated this observation and indicated that expression of total cellular β-catenin was increased in cells treated with 32 μM sulindac as compared to that of vehicle-treated controls. In contrast, curcumin, a dietary pigment from Curcuma longa L. and the phenolic antioxidant responsible for the yellow color of the spice tumeric, decreased the luciferase activity of SW480 cells transfected with pGL3-OT in a dose-dependent manner. Celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, did not change the luciferase activity at 20 μM and 40 μM. Luciferase activity in cells treated with 60 μM celecoxib was 42% of that of vehicle-treated controls. Several other nutritional agents are currently under investigation for their ability to modulate Tcf-mediated transcriptional activity. In conclusion, the Tcf-luciferase reporter assay represents a novel high-throughput screening tool for the initial identification of chemopreventive agents that can restore the function of an aberrant APC/β-catenin pathway. Utilization of this Tcf reporter assay is anticipated to lead to the development of a highly efficacious nutritional regimen for the prevention of colorectal cancer. (Supported by NIH K07 CA87817 and R01 CA82624).
Patterns of COVID-19 testing and mortality by race and ethnicity among United States veterans: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Christopher T. Rentsch, Farah Kidwai-Khan, Janet P. Tate, Lesley S. Park, Joseph T. King, Melissa Skanderson, Ronald G. Hauser, Anna Schultze, Christopher I. Jarvis, Mark Holodniy, Vincent Lo Re, Kathleen M. Akgün, Kristina Crothers, Tamar H. Taddei, Matthew S. Freiberg, Amy C. Justice
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2020)

Background There is growing concern that racial and ethnic minority communities around the world are experiencing a disproportionate burden of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We investigated racial and ethnic disparities in patterns of COVID-19 testing (i.e., who received testing and who tested positive) and subsequent mortality in the largest integrated healthcare system in the United States. Methods and findings This retrospective cohort study included 5,834,543 individuals receiving care in the US Department of Veterans Affairs; most (91%) were men, 74% were non-Hispanic White (White), 19% were non-Hispanic Black (Black), and 7% were Hispanic. We evaluated associations between race/ethnicity and receipt of COVID-19 testing, a positive test result, and 30-day mortality, with multivariable adjustment for a wide range of demographic and clinical characteristics including comorbid conditions, health behaviors, medication history, site of care, and urban versus rural residence. Between February 8 and July 22, 2020, 254,595 individuals were tested for COVID-19, of whom 16,317 tested positive and 1,057 died. Black individuals were more likely to be tested (rate per 1,000 individuals: 60.0, 95% CI 59.6–60.5) than Hispanic (52.7, 95% CI 52.1–53.4) and White individuals (38.6, 95% CI 38.4–38.7). While individuals from minority backgrounds were more likely to test positive (Black versus White: odds ratio [OR] 1.93, 95% CI 1.85–2.01, p < 0.001; Hispanic versus White: OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.74–1.94, p < 0.001), 30-day mortality did not differ by race/ethnicity (Black versus White: OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.80–1.17, p = 0.74; Hispanic versus White: OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.73–1.34, p = 0.94). The disparity between Black and White individuals in testing positive for COVID-19 was stronger in the Midwest (OR 2.66, 95% CI 2.41–2.95, p < 0.001) than the West (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.11–1.39, p < 0.001). The disparity in testing positive for COVID-19 between Hispanic and White individuals was consistent across region, calendar time, and outbreak pattern. Study limitations include underrepresentation of women and a lack of detailed information on social determinants of health. Conclusions In this nationwide study, we found that Black and Hispanic individuals are experiencing an excess burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection not entirely explained by underlying medical conditions or where they live or receive care. There is an urgent need to proactively tailor strategies to contain and prevent further outbreaks in racial and ethnic minority communities.
Aldosterone-Related Myocardial Extracellular Matrix Expansion in Hypertension in Humans
Authors: Alban Redheuil, Anne Blanchard, Helena Pereira, Zainab Raissouni, Aurelien Lorthioir, Gilles Soulat, Rosa Vargas-Poussou, Laurence Amar, Jean-Louis Paul, Dominique Helley, Michel Azizi, Nadjia Kachenoura, Elie Mousseaux
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2020)
Chromatin regulates expression of small RNAs to help maintain transposon methylome homeostasis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ranjith K. Papareddy, Katalin Páldi, Subramanian Paulraj, Ping Kao, Stefan Lutzmayer, Michael D. Nodine
Journal: Genome biology (2020)

Eukaryotic genomes are partitioned into euchromatic and heterochromatic domains to regulate gene expression and other fundamental cellular processes. However, chromatin is dynamic during growth and development and must be properly re-established after its decondensation. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) promote heterochromatin formation, but little is known about how chromatin regulates siRNA expression.
Complex Evolution of Light-Dependent Protochlorophyllide Oxidoreductases in Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophs: Origin, Phylogeny, and Function
Authors: Olga Chernomor, Lena Peters, Judith Schneidewind, Anita Loeschcke, Esther Knieps-Grünhagen, Fabian Schmitz, Eric von Lieres, Roger Jan Kutta, Vera Svensson, Karl-Erich Jaeger, Thomas Drepper, Arndt von Haeseler, Ulrich Krauss
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2020)

Light-dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (LPOR) and dark-operative protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase are evolutionary and structurally distinct enzymes that are essential for the synthesis of (bacterio)chlorophyll, the primary pigment needed for both anoxygenic and oxygenic photosynthesis. In contrast to the long-held hypothesis that LPORs are only present in oxygenic phototrophs, we recently identified a functional LPOR in the aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium (AAPB) Dinoroseobacter shibae and attributed its presence to a single horizontal gene transfer event from cyanobacteria. Here, we provide evidence for the more widespread presence of genuine LPOR enzymes in AAPBs. An exhaustive bioinformatics search identified 36 putative LPORs outside of oxygenic phototrophic bacteria (cyanobacteria) with the majority being AAPBs. Using in vitro and in vivo assays, we show that the large majority of the tested AAPB enzymes are genuine LPORs. Solution structural analyses, performed for two of the AAPB LPORs, revealed a globally conserved structure when compared with a well-characterized cyanobacterial LPOR. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that LPORs were transferred not only from cyanobacteria but also subsequently between proteobacteria and from proteobacteria to Gemmatimonadetes. Our study thus provides another interesting example for the complex evolutionary processes that govern the evolution of bacteria, involving multiple horizontal gene transfer events that likely occurred at different time points and involved different donors.