tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P029: Relationships Among Indicators of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
Authors: Myron D Gross, Otto A Sanchez, David R Jacobs
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Oxidative stress associates with cardiovascular disease risk. Various biochemical measurements have been identified as indicators of oxidative stress. In CARDIA, multiple measures of oxidative stress were performed over 2 exams, allowing comparisons among indicators. We hypothesized that the indicators would be highly correlated with each other. Methods: Blood and urine samples were collected in the year 15 (2000-2001) and year 20 exams of CARDIA. CARDIA is a cohort study that began in 1985-1986 with black and white men and women at 4 sites in the US. The samples were processed under stable conditions and frozen at -70 o C until analysis. Analysis was performed for F 2 -isoprostanes (GC-MS); the carotenoids α- and β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and zeaxanthin/lutein which were summed to form (Sum4Carot, HPLC); urate (enzymatic); γ-tocopherol (HPLC); γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT, enzymatic); and oxidized LDL (ELISA). Results: Correlations between the various indictors of oxidative stress are tabulated. See Table 1. F 2 -isoprostanes, urate, and γ-tocopherol were in the range 0.21-0.29, and all three were also inverse with Sum4Carot (range -0.18 to -0.29). Oxidized LDL correlated with urate and γ-tocopherol, but not with F 2 -isoprostanes or GGT, and GGT had correlations&lt;0.1 with all indicators. Conclusion: Several indicators (F 2 -isoprostanes, Sum4Carot, γ-tocopherol, and urate) correlated as predicted; e.g. an inverse relationship between F 2 -isoprostanes and Sum4Carot. Urate and γ-tocopherol have weak antioxidant properties, but are associated with oxidative stress in some situations and have a positive correlation with F 2 -isoprostanes herein. Nonetheless, the indicators cannot replace each other and each indicator provides a unique view of oxidative stress. Oxidized LDL and GGT appear to reflect alternative aspects of oxidative stress. Thus, the indicators cannot be interpreted in a universal manner. These observations reflect the complexity of oxidative stress. Further assessment is needed.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection of a large malignant gastric hyperplastic polyp, developing on gastric amyloidosis, after endoscopic and echoendoscopic characterization
Authors: Marina Ciochina, Alexandru Lupu, Valérie Hervieu, Jérôme Rivory, Florian Rostain, Jean Christophe Valats, Mathieu Pioche
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Gastric hyperplastic polyps are commonly found on upper endoscopy and are usually benign. However, rare cases of malignant transformation of hyperplastic polyps have been reported [1]. Localized gastric amyloidosis is a rare entity. Although the endoscopic appearance can sometimes mimic gastric cancer [2], the association of gastric amyloidosis and adenocarcinoma is uncommon.
Final analyses of OPTiM: a randomized phase III trial of talimogene laherparepvec versus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in unresectable stage III–IV melanoma
Authors: Robert H. I. Andtbacka, Frances Collichio, Kevin J. Harrington, Mark R. Middleton, Gerald Downey, Katarina Ӧhrling, Howard L. Kaufman
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2019)

<h3>Background</h3> Talimogene laherparepvec is an oncolytic immunotherapy approved in the US, Europe, Australia and Switzerland. We report the final planned analysis of OPTiM, a randomized open-label phase III trial in patients with unresectable stage IIIB–IVM1c melanoma. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients were randomized 2:1 to receive intratumoral talimogene laherparepvec or subcutaneous recombinant GM-CSF. In addition to overall survival (OS), durable response rate (DRR), objective response rate (ORR), complete responses (CR), and safety are also reported. All final analyses are considered to be descriptive and treatment responses were assessed by the investigators. <h3>Results</h3> Of 436 patients in the intent-to-treat population, 295 were allocated to talimogene laherparepvec and 141 to GM-CSF. Median follow-up in the final OS analysis was 49 months. Median OS was 23.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 19.5–29.6) and 18.9 months (95% CI, 16.0–23.7) in the talimogene laherparepvec and GM-CSF arms, respectively (unstratified hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.62–1.00; <i>p</i>&nbsp;= 0.0494 [descriptive]). DRR was 19.0 and 1.4% (unadjusted odds ratio, 16.6; 95% CI, 4.0–69.2; <i>p</i>&nbsp;&lt; 0.0001); ORR was 31.5 and 6.4%. Fifty (16.9%) and 1 (0.7%) patient in the talimogene laherparepvec and GM-CSF arms, respectively, achieved CR. In talimogene laherparepvec-treated patients, median time to CR was 8.6 months; median CR duration was not reached. Among patients with a CR, 88.5% were estimated to survive at a 5-year landmark analysis. Talimogene laherparepvec efficacy was more pronounced in stage IIIB–IVM1a melanoma as already described in the primary analysis. The safety reporting was consistent with the primary OPTiM analysis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this final planned OPTiM analysis, talimogene laherparepvec continued to result in improved longer-term efficacy versus GM-CSF and remained well tolerated. The final analysis also confirms that talimogene laherparepvec was associated with durable CRs that were associated with prolonged survival. <h3>Trial registration</h3> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00769704.
High-Sensitivity Troponin I and Coronary Computed Tomography in Symptomatic Outpatients With Suspected CAD
Authors: James L. Januzzi, Sunil Suchindran, Adrian Coles, Maros Ferencik, Manesh R. Patel, Udo Hoffmann, Geoffrey S. Ginsburg, Pamela S. Douglas
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2018)
EV-201: Results of enfortumab vedotin monotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer previously treated with platinum and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Authors: Daniel Peter Petrylak, Arjun Vasant Balar, Peter H. O'Donnell, Bradley Alexander McGregor, Elisabeth I. Heath, Evan Y. Yu, Matt D. Galsky, Noah M. Hahn, Elaina M Gartner, Juan Pinelli, Amal Melhem-Bertrandt, Jonathan E. Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

4505 Background: Locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer (la/mUC) remains a lethal disease with limited treatment options for patients (pts) who progress on or after platinum and/or checkpoint inhibitor (CPI). Enfortumab vedotin (EV) is an antibody-drug conjugate targeting Nectin-4, which is highly expressed in UC. EV-201 is a pivotal, single-arm, two-cohort study of EV in la/mUC patients with prior CPI and platinum-containing chemotherapy (Cohort 1) or a CPI and no prior chemotherapy (Cohort 2). Here, we present preliminary data from Cohort 1. Methods: Pts in this open-label, multicenter study received 1.25 mg/kg EV on Days 1, 8, and 15 of each 28-day cycle. The primary endpoint was confirmed ORR per RECIST 1.1 by blinded independent central review. Secondary endpoints are duration of response, PFS, OS, safety/tolerability. Results: Between Oct 2017 and Jul 2018, EV-201 enrolled 128 pts in Cohort 1 (la/mUC pts previously treated with platinum and a CPI), 125 of whom were treated with EV (70% male; median age 69 y [range 40–84 y]; 34% upper tract; a median of 2 prior systemic therapies). As of 03 Jan 2019, the confirmed ORR was 42% (95% CI: 33.6%–51.6%), with 9% CR. The ORR in CPI non-responders was 38% (95% CI: 27.3%–49.2%), and 36% (95% CI: 22.9%–50.8%) in pts with liver metastases (LM). Most common treatment-related AEs, as determined by investigators, included fatigue (50%), alopecia (48%), and decreased appetite (41%). Treatment-related AEs of interest include any rash (48% all grade, 11% ≥ G3) and any peripheral neuropathy (50% all grade, 3% ≥ G3). One death was reported as treatment related by the investigator (interstitial lung disease), but was confounded by a suspected pulmonary infection. Conclusions: Preliminary results from this EV pivotal study demonstrated a clinically meaningful ORR, consistent with the phase 1 trial, in la/mUC pts with prior platinum and CPI, including LM pts, where there is a high unmet need. EV was well tolerated with a manageable safety profile in these pts. Updated data, including duration of response, PFS, and OS will be presented. Clinical trial information: NCT03219333.
Interferon-γ-dependent immune responses contribute to the pathogenesis of sclerosing cholangitis in mice
Authors: Gevitha Ravichandran, Katrin Neumann, Laura K. Berkhout, Sören Weidemann, Annika E. Langeneckert, Dorothee Schwinge, Tobias Poch, Samuel Huber, Birgit Schiller, Leonard U. Hess, Annerose E. Ziegler, Karl J. Oldhafer, Roja Barikbin, Christoph Schramm, Marcus Altfeld, Gisa Tiegs
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
Drooping Eyelid After Vomiting
Authors: Willem de Haan, Lennard Boon, Elisabeth Maria Foncke
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Caveolin-1 Regulates Atherogenesis by Attenuating Low-Density Lipoprotein Transcytosis and Vascular Inflammation Independently of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation
Authors: Cristina M. Ramírez, Xinbo Zhang, Chirosree Bandyopadhyay, Noemi Rotllan, Michael G. Sugiyama, Binod Aryal, Xinran Liu, Shun He, Jan R. Kraehling, Victoria Ulrich, Chin Sheng Lin, Heino Velazquez, Miguel A. Lasunción, Guangxin Li, Yajaira Suárez, George Tellides, Filip K. Swirski, Warren L. Lee, Martin A. Schwartz, William C. Sessa, Carlos Fernández-Hernando
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Atherosclerosis is driven by synergistic interactions between pathological, biomechanical, inflammatory, and lipid metabolic factors. Our previous studies demonstrated that absence of caveolin-1 (Cav1)/caveolae in hyperlipidemic mice strongly inhibits atherosclerosis, which was attributed to activation of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) and increased production of NO and reduced inflammation and low-density lipoprotein trafficking. However, the contribution of eNOS activation and NO production in the athero-protection of Cav1 and the exact mechanisms by which Cav1/caveolae control the pathogenesis of diet-induced atherosclerosis are still not clear.Triple-knockout mouse lacking expression of eNOS, Cav1, and Ldlr were generated to explore the role of NO production in Cav1-dependent athero-protective function. The effects of Cav1 on lipid trafficking, extracellular matrix remodeling, and vascular inflammation were studied both in vitro and in vivo with a mouse model of diet-induced atherosclerosis. The expression of Cav1 and distribution of caveolae regulated by flow were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy.We found that absence of Cav1 significantly suppressed atherogenesis in Ldlr-/-eNOS-/- mice, demonstrating that athero-suppression is independent of increased NO production. Instead, we find that the absence of Cav1/caveolae inhibited low-density lipoprotein transport across the endothelium and proatherogenic fibronectin deposition and disturbed flow-mediated endothelial cell inflammation. Consistent with the idea that Cav1/caveolae may play a role in early flow-dependent inflammatory priming, distinct patterns of Cav1 expression and caveolae distribution were observed in athero-prone and athero-resistant areas of the aortic arch even in wild-type mice.These findings support a role for Cav1/caveolae as a central regulator of atherosclerosis that links biomechanical, metabolic, and inflammatory pathways independently of endothelial eNOS activation and NO production.
Long-term survival after laparoscopic versus open resection for colorectal liver metastases.
Authors: Åsmund Avdem Fretland, Davit Aghayan, Bjørn Edwin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

LBA3516 Background: Despite the recent worldwide dissemination of laparoscopic liver surgery, the long-term oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic and open liver surgery have never been compared in a randomized controlled trial. Methods: OSLO-COMET was a randomized controlled trial recruiting patients from Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. The primary outcome of the trial was postoperative morbidity within 30 days. Patients with radically resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer were randomly assigned to undergo laparoscopic or open parenchyma-sparing liver resection. Overall survival was a predefined secondary endpoint for the trial. Survival data for the treatment arms will be compared using a log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier plots. Results: From February 2012 to January 2016 a total of 294 patients were screened and 280 (95%) patients were randomized to laparoscopic (n = 133) or open (n = 147) surgery. The primary endpoint demonstrated a significant reduction in morbidity from 31% in the open group to 19% in the laparoscopic group. Other secondary outcomes demonstrated no difference between the groups, including the rate of R0 resection and the width of resection margins, while laparoscopic surgery was found to be cost-effective. Patients received perioperative chemotherapy following Norwegian guidelines. The final patient was operated on Feb 28, 2016, and a survival analysis was performed on March 14, 2019, with a minimum of 36 months follow-up. By ITT analysis (n = 280), median overall survival (OS) was 80 months (95% CI 52-108) in the laparoscopic surgery group and 81 months (95% CI 42-120) in the open surgery group, p=0.91. By modified ITT, (only patients that had R0/R1 resection), median recurrence free survival (RFS) was 19 months (10-27) in the laparoscopic group and 16 months (11-21) in the open group, p = 0.96. Conclusions: Laparoscopic surgery in patients with colorectal liver metastases was associated with rates of OS and RFS similar to open surgery. Clinical trial information: NCT01516710.
Availability and Cost of Naloxone Nasal Spray at Pharmacies in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2017
Authors: Jenny S. Guadamuz, G. Caleb Alexander, Tanya Chaudhri, Rebecca Trotzky-Sirr, Dima M. Qato
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

<h3>Importance</h3> Despite the increasingly important role of pharmacies in the implementation of naloxone access laws, there is limited information on the impact of such laws at the local level. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the availability (with or without a prescription) and cost of naloxone nasal spray at pharmacies in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, following a statewide standing order enacted in Pennsylvania in August 2015 to allow pharmacies to dispense naloxone without a prescription. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A survey study was conducted by telephone of all pharmacies in Philadelphia between February and August 2017. Pharmacies were geocoded and linked with the American Community Survey (2011-2015) to obtain information on the demographic characteristics of census tracts and the Medical Examiner's Office of the Philadelphia Department of Public Health to derive information on the number of opioid overdose deaths per 100 000 people for each planning district. Data were analyzed from March 2018 to February 2019. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Availability and out-of-pocket cost of naloxone nasal spray (with or without a prescription) at Philadelphia pharmacies overall and by pharmacy and neighborhood characteristics. <h3>Results</h3> Of 454 eligible pharmacies, 418 were surveyed (92.1% response rate). One in 3 pharmacies (34.2%) had naloxone nasal spray in stock; of these, 61.5% indicated it was available without a prescription. There were significant differences in the availability of naloxone by pharmacy type and neighborhood characteristics. Naloxone was both more likely to be in stock (45.9% vs 27.8%; difference, 18.0%; 95% CI, 8.3%-27.8%;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and available without a prescription (80.6% vs 42.2%; difference, 38.4%; 95% CI, 23.0%-53.8%;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) in chain stores than in independent stores. Naloxone was also less likely to be available in planning districts with very elevated rates of opioid overdose death (≥50 per 100 000 people) compared with those with lower rates (31.1% vs 38.5%). The median (interquartile range) out-of-pocket cost among pharmacies offering naloxone without a prescription was $145 ($119-$150); costs were greatest in independent pharmacies and planning districts with elevated rates of opioid overdose death. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Despite the implementation of a statewide standing order in Pennsylvania more than 3 years prior to this study, only one-third of Philadelphia pharmacies carried naloxone nasal spray and many also required a physician's prescription. Efforts to strengthen the implementation of naloxone access laws and better ensure naloxone supply at local pharmacies are warranted, especially in localities with the highest rates of overdose death.
Would You Recommend Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening for This Patient?
Authors: Risa B. Burns, Aria F. Olumi, Douglas K. Owens, Gerald W. Smetana
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

Prostate cancer is the third most common cancer type in the United States overall, accounting for 9.5% of new cancer cases and 5% of cancer deaths. The goal of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)–based screening is to identify early-stage disease that can be treated successfully. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) reviewed evidence on the benefits and harms of PSA-based screening and treatment of screen-detected prostate cancer. It found that PSA-based screening in men aged 55 to 69 years prevents approximately 1.3 deaths from prostate cancer over 13 years per 1000 men screened and 3 cases of metastatic cancer per 1000 men screened, with no reduction in all-cause mortality. No benefit was found for PSA-based screening in men aged 70 years and older. On the basis of its review, the USPSTF concluded that the decision for men aged 55 to 69 years to have PSA-based screening should be an individual one and should include a discussion of the potential benefits and harms. Here, 2 experts—an internist and a urologist—discuss the key points of a shared decision-making conversation about PSA-based prostate cancer screening, the PSA-based screening strategy that optimizes benefit and minimizes harm, and the PSA threshold at which they would recommend further diagnostic testing.
Why I . . . launched a lunch club for trainees
Authors: Francesca Robinson
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Keen to do something to tackle the risk of burnout and isolation among their peers, Mat Devlin and Rachel Cassin, anaesthetic core trainees based at Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, decided to build camaraderie and improve teamwork by setting up a weekly lunch club.The initial launch of the club-for a cohort of anaesthetic trainees-was successful and attracted up to 10 people at a time.The hour long meetings combined informal education and a chance to socialise.The club gave attendees the opportunity to discuss their day and share experiences, but Devlin says he didn't allow gripes about work.The club, Devlin says, also gave those new to anaesthetics the chance to get feedback from more experienced trainees who were often able to reassure them that how they were feeling was appropriate for that stage of their career.
Shared Decision Making in Appendicitis Treatment
Authors: Lindsay Sceats, Cindy Kin, Arden M. Morris
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

Peter C. Minneci, MD, MHSc; Jennifer N. Cooper, MS, PhD; Karen Leonhart, BS; Kristine Nacion, MPH; Jason Sulkowski, MD; Kyle Porter, MAS; Lai Wei, PhD; Katherine J. Deans, MD, MHSc
Abstract 19690: Association of Pericardial Fat Density With Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification Differs by Diabetes Status in the CACTI Study
Authors: Amy C Alman, Steven R Smith, Preethi R Sudini, Robert H Eckel, John E Hokanson, Brant R Burkhardt, Janet K Snell-Bergeon
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Density of adipose tissue can be measured by CT attenuation in Hounsfield Units (HU). Increased visceral fat density has been associated with coronary artery calcification (CAC). However, the relationship between pericardial fat density and CAC is unknown. We examined the association of pericardial fat density (PAT HU) with the presence (CAC &gt; 0) and progression of CAC in the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes study (CACTI). CACTI is a prospective cohort study of adults with and without type 1 diabetes (T1D) with a mean age of 38 years (±9) at baseline. Participants were free of CVD at the time of enrollment in the study. PAT volume was measured from baseline EBCT scans within a range of HU from -190 to -30. CAC was measured at baseline and at the follow-up exam with a mean follow-up of 6 years (±0.5). Logistic regression was used to examine the association between PAT HU and CAC. Prevalence of CAC was defined as any CAC (&gt;0) at baseline. Progression of CAC was defined as a change in volume of ≥2.5 square-root transformed units between the baseline and followup exams. PAT volume and triglycerides were log transformed. Interaction terms for diabetes and PAT HU were tested in the models. PAT data were available on 1319 subjects for the prevalence model, and 952 for the progression model. PAT HU was significantly higher (less-negative) in those with T1D compared to those without (-75.7 ±3.7 vs -77.8 ±4.2; p&lt;0.001). Results from the regression models are shown in table 1. Increasing PAT HU was significantly associated with the prevalence of CAC in both those with T1D and without. However, increasing PAT HU was significantly associated with progression of CAC only in those with T1D. These results suggest that higher PAT fat density may be an important factor in subclinical atherosclerosis, particularly for those with T1D.