tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>Notes from the Field:</i> Outbreak of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among Persons Who Inject Drugs — Cabell County, West Virginia, 2018–2019
Authors: Amy Atkins, R. Paul McClung, Michael Kilkenny, Kyle Bernstein, Kara Willenburg, Anita Edwards, Sheryl Lyss, Erica Thomasson, Nivedha Panneer, Nathan Kirk, Meg Watson, Elizabeth Adkins, Elizabeth DiNenno, Vicki Hogan, Robyn Neblett Fanfair, Kathleen Napier, Alison D. Ridpath, Michelle Perdue, Mi Chen, Tamara Surtees, Senad Handanagic, Heather Wood, Daphne Kennebrew, Caitlin Cohn, Samira Sami, Scott Eubank, Nathan W. Furukawa, Bridget Rose, Antoine Thompson, Lauren Spadafora, Carolyn Wright, Shawn Balleydier, Dawn Broussard, Pam Reynolds, Neal Carnes, Nils Haynes, Tobey Sapiano, Shannon McBee, Ellsworth Campbell, Samantha Batdorf, Melissa Scott, Miracle Boltz, David Wills, Alexandra M. Oster
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

A recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outbreak among people who inject drugs in Cabell County, West Virginia, underscores the importance of HIV prevention, diagnosis, and care in communities with high rates of substance use disorder.
Preventing injuries in alpine skiing giant slalom by shortening the vertical distance between the gates rather than increasing the horizontal gate offset to control speed
Authors: Matthias Gilgien, Philip Crivelli, Josef Kröll, Live S Luteberget, Erich Müller, Jörg Spörri
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

To set a safe giant slalom course, speed needs to be controlled in certain sections. Speed may be reduced by adjusting how the gates are set on a course. We studied the effect of elements of course-setting, entrance speed and terrain incline on the mechanics of turning (ie, turn speed, turn radius, and ground reaction force and impulse).During seven World Cup alpine giant slalom competitions, the course and terrain characteristics of the official racetracks and the mechanics of a professional-level athlete skiing the course immediately prior to competition were analysed with differential global navigation satellite system technology. Data were analysed using a linear mixed-effects model.Course-setting geometry (vertical gate distance and horizontal gate offset), entrance speed and terrain incline modulated the injury-relevant factor turn speed. Depending on the terrain, the speed throughout a turn can be reduced by 0.5 m/s either by shortening the vertical gate distance by 4.9-6.9 m (from -20% to -29%) or by increasing the horizontal gate offset by 2.8-3.2 m (from +33% to +55%). However, increasing the horizontal gate offset causes the skier to turn with a smaller minimal turn radius, increase maximal ground reaction force and also increase impulse.To reduce speed, we recommend decreasing the vertical gate distance rather than increasing the horizontal gate offset. Increasing horizontal gate offset would require the skiers to sharpen and prolong their turns (reducing turn radius), and this increases the acting ground reaction force and impulse and thus the athlete's fatigue.
Classification of the cutaneous manifestations of <scp>COVID</scp> ‐19: a rapid prospective nationwide consensus study in Spain with 375 cases
Authors: C. Galván Casas, A. Català, G. Carretero Hernández, P. Rodríguez‐Jiménez, D. Fernández‐Nieto, A. Rodríguez‐Villa Lario, I. Navarro Fernández, R. Ruiz‐Villaverde, D. Falkenhain‐López, M. Llamas Velasco, J. García‐Gavín, O. Baniandrés, C. González‐Cruz, V. Morillas‐Lahuerta, X. Cubiró, I. Figueras Nart, G. Selda‐Enriquez, J. Romaní, X. Fustà‐Novell, A. Melian‐Olivera, M. Roncero Riesco, P. Burgos‐Blasco, J. Sola Ortigosa, M. Feito Rodriguez, I. García‐Doval
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

The cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 disease are poorly characterized.To describe the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 disease and to relate them to other clinical findings.We carried out a nationwide case collection survey of images and clinical data. Using a consensus we described five clinical patterns. We later described the association of these patterns with patient demographics, the timing in relation to symptoms of the disease, the severity and the prognosis.The lesions may be classified as acral areas of erythema with vesicles or pustules (pseudo-chilblain) (19%), other vesicular eruptions (9%), urticarial lesions (19%), maculopapular eruptions (47%) and livedo or necrosis (6%). Vesicular eruptions appear early in the course of the disease (15% before other symptoms). The pseudo-chilblain pattern frequently appears late in the evolution of the COVID-19 disease (59% after other symptoms), while the rest tend to appear with other symptoms of COVID-19. The severity of COVID-19 shows a gradient from less severe disease in acral lesions to more severe in the latter groups. The results are similar for confirmed and suspected cases, in terms of both clinical and epidemiological findings. Alternative diagnoses are discussed but seem unlikely for the most specific patterns (pseudo-chilblain and vesicular).We provide a description of the cutaneous manifestations associated with COVID-19 infection. These may help clinicians approach patients with the disease and recognize cases presenting with few symptoms. What is already known about this topic? Previous descriptions of cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 were case reports and mostly lacked illustrations. What does this study add? We describe a large, representative sample of patients with unexplained skin manifestations and a diagnosis of COVID-19, using a consensus method to define morphological patterns associated with COVID-19. We describe five clinical patterns associated with different patient demographics, timing and prognosis, and provide illustrations of these patterns to allow for easy recognition.
Abstract 13993: Soluble CD146 is a Marker of Peripheral Congestion in Global Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Mattia Arrigo, Etienne Gayat, Ka Y Wong, Duygu Onat, Ryan T Demmer, Yacki Hayashi, Malha Sadoune, Heli Tolppanen, Jane-Lise Samuel, Paolo C Colombo, Alexandre Mebazaa
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: CD146 is a component of the endothelial junction. We previously showed that its soluble form (sCD146) is as powerful as plasma natriuretic peptides to detect cardiac origin of acute dyspnea. The source of plasma sCD146 in heart failure (HF) is however unknown. Hypothesis: We make the hypothesis that peripheral venous congestion (VC), a typical sign of global ventricular failure, might be the source of increased sCD146. Methods: A total of 44 outpatients with heart failure, NYHA functional class II or III, and LVEF &lt;40%, no evidence of VC on physical exam and on stable medical therapy were studied. Patients gave informed consent. To experimentally model VC, venous arm pressure was increased to 30 mmHg above baseline by inflating a pressure cuff around the dominant arm. Blood was sampled from test and control arm (lacking an inflated cuff) before and after 90 minutes of venous congestion. Plasma concentrations of sCD146 were determined by ELISA. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM and groups were compared with paired-samples t-test. Results: The age of the study cohort was 54±2 years, 32% were female, 32% had an ischemic etiology and the LVEF was 22±1%. The induction of VC was associated with an increase in circulating levels of sCD146 in the congested arm when compared to baseline (506±33 vs 463±33 ng/ml, p=0.001) and to control arm (476±32 ng/ml, p=0.035). In contrast, no significant increase occurred in the control arm when compared to baseline values (Figure). Conclusions: Plasma sCD146 acutely increases in response to experimental peripheral VC. sCD146 could be particularly useful to titrate diuretic treatment in HF patients with global heart failure, possibly preventing end-organ dysfunction and damage from severe and/or long-standing peripheral VC.
Noncoding RNAs in Vascular Diseases
Authors: Nicolas Jaé, Stefanie Dimmeler
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)

The advent of deep sequencing technologies led to the identification of a considerable amount of noncoding RNA transcripts, which are increasingly recognized for their functions in controlling cardiovascular diseases. MicroRNAs have already been studied for a decade, leading to the identification of several vasculoprotective and detrimental species, which might be considered for therapeutic targeting. Other noncoding RNAs such as circular RNAs, YRNAs, or long noncoding RNAs are currently gaining increasing attention, and first studies provide insights into their functions as mediators or antagonists of vascular diseases in vivo. The present review article will provide an overview of the different types of noncoding RNAs controlling the vasculature and focus on the developing field of long noncoding RNAs.
Abstract 19801: P-selectin Dependent Platelet-leukocyte Complex Formation is Dispensable for Leukocyte Recruitment to Sites of Inflammation
Authors: Christopher Starz, Carmen Haerdtner, Maximilian Mauler, Alina Jander, Bi-Lin Schmidt, Sebastian Lubojansky, Johannes Rotta deto Loria, Katja Grotius, Bianca Dufner, Natalie Hoppe, Constantin von zur Muehlen, Daniel Duerschmied, Christoph Bode, Andreas Zirlik, Ingo Hilgendorf
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: P-selectin is an adhesion molecule expressed on activated platelets and endothelial cells. While endothelial derived P-selectin is important for the initiation of leukocyte rolling, pla...
Gut microbiota profiles of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic literature review.
Authors: Caspar Bundgaard-Nielsen, Julie Knudsen, Peter D. C. Leutscher, Marlene B. Lauritsen, Mette Nyegaard, Søren Hagstrøm, Suzette Sørensen
Journal: Gut Microbes (2020)

Accumulating evidence has implicated an involvement of the gut-brain axis in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), however with highly diverse results. This systematic review aims to describe and evaluate studies investigating the gut microbiota composition in individuals with ASD or ADHD and to evaluate if variations in gut microbiota are associated with these disorders.Twenty-four articles were identified in a systematic literature search of PubMed and Embase up to July 22, 2019. They consisted of 20 studies investigating ASD and four studies investigating ADHD. For ASD, several studies agreed on an overall difference in β-diversity, although no consistent bacterial variation between all studies was reported. For ADHD, the results were more diverse, with no clear differences observed.Several common characteristics in gut microbiota function were identified for ASD compared to controls. In contrast, highly heterogeneous results were reported for ADHD, and thus the association between gut microbiota composition and ADHD remains unclear. For both disorders, methodological differences hampered the comparison of studies.
Intestinal Organoids: Relaxation of Extracellular Matrix Forces Directs Crypt Formation and Architecture in Intestinal Organoids (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 8/2020)
Authors: Ella A. Hushka, F. Max Yavitt, Tobin E. Brown, Peter J. Dempsey, Kristi S. Anseth
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

In article number 1901214 by Kristi S. Anseth and co-workers, intestinal organoids are grown in synthetic hydrogels with photodegradable, allyl sulfide linkers. These materials are used to determine the effects of matrix softening on the number and size of resulting crypts. The image shows a differentiated organoid with immunofluorescent staining for F-actin (green), nuclei (blue) and paneth cells (red), a marker of crypt formation.
Abstract 14481: Inhibition of the Toll-Like Receptor 4 in the Brainstem Causes the Sympathoinhibition and Improves the Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Heart Failure
Authors: Kiyohiro Ogawa, Yoshitaka Hirooka, Takuya Kishi, Kenji Sunagawa
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Heart failure (HF) is associated with sympathoexcitation due to AT1 receptor-induced oxidative stress in the brainstem. Oxidative stress in the brain is known to activate inflammatory c...
Comprehensive Molecular Profiles of Functionally Effective MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Immunomodulation
Authors: Hyemee Kim, Min Joung Lee, Eun-Hye Bae, Jin Suk Ryu, Gagandeep Kaur, Hyeon Ji Kim, Jun Yeob Kim, Heather Barreda, Sung Youn Jung, Jong Min Choi, Taeko Shigemoto-Kuroda, Joo Youn Oh, Ryang Hwa Lee
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2020)

Accumulating evidence indicates that mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) exhibit immunomodulatory effects by delivering therapeutic RNAs and proteins; however, the molecular mechanism underlying the EV-mediated immunomodulation is not fully understood. In this study, we found that EVs from early-passage MSCs had better immunomodulatory potency than did EVs from late-passage MSCs in T cell receptor (TCR)- or Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-stimulated splenocytes and in mice with ocular Sjögren's syndrome. Moreover, MSC-EVs were more effective when produced from 3D culture of the cells than from the conventional 2D culture. Comparative molecular profiling using proteomics and microRNA sequencing revealed the enriched factors in MSC-EVs that were functionally effective in immunomodulation. Among them, manipulation of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), pentraxin 3 (PTX3), let-7b-5p, or miR-21-5p levels in MSCs significantly affected the immunosuppressive effects of their EVs. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between the expression levels of TGF-β1, PTX3, let-7b-5p, or miR-21-5p in MSC-EVs and their suppressive function. Therefore, our comparative strategy identified TGF-β1, PTX3, let-7b-5p, or miR-21-5p as key molecules mediating the therapeutic effects of MSC-EVs in autoimmune disease. These findings would help understand the molecular mechanism underlying EV-mediated immunomodulation and provide functional biomarkers of EVs for the development of robust EV-based therapies.
Using the BRAVO Risk Engine to Predict Cardiovascular Outcomes in Clinical Trials With Sodium–Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
Authors: Hui Shao, Lizheng Shi, Vivian A. Fonseca
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the ability of the Building, Relating, Assessing, and Validating Outcomes (BRAVO) risk engine to accurately project cardiovascular outcomes in three major clinical trials—BI 10773 (Empagliflozin) Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients (EMPA-REG OUTCOME), Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study (CANVAS), and Dapagliflozin Effect on Cardiovascular Events–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (DECLARE-TIMI 58) trial—on sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) to treat patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Baseline data from the publications of the three trials were obtained and entered into the BRAVO model to predict cardiovascular outcomes. Projected benefits of reducing risk factors of interest (A1C, systolic blood pressure [SBP], LDL, or BMI) on cardiovascular events were evaluated, and simulated outcomes were compared with those observed in each trial. RESULTS BRAVO achieved the best prediction accuracy when simulating outcomes of the CANVAS and DECLARE-TIMI 58 trials. For EMPA-REG OUTCOME, a mild bias was observed (∼20%) in the prediction of mortality and angina. The effect of risk reduction on outcomes in treatment versus placebo groups predicted by the BRAVO model strongly correlated with the observed effect of risk reduction on the trial outcomes as published. Finally, the BRAVO engine revealed that most of the clinical benefits associated with SGLT2i treatment are through A1C control, although reductions in SBP and BMI explain a proportion of the observed decline in cardiovascular events. CONCLUSIONS The BRAVO risk engine was effective in predicting the benefits of SGLT2is on cardiovascular health through improvements in commonly measured risk factors, including A1C, SBP, and BMI. Since these benefits are individually small, the use of the complex, dynamic BRAVO model is ideal to explain the cardiovascular outcome trial results.
Protecting and testing—more to be learned from Ebola
Authors: Robin Maytum
Journal: BMJ (2020)

As covered in The BMJ ,1 problems with both supply chain and policy are hampering the response to the covid-19 pandemic. Unavailability of resources is partially understandable given the massive worldwide demand for personal protective equipment and testing materials. But against the background of our current “firefighting” mode, we seem to be ignoring past lessons in virus testing that could reduce risk to healthcare workers and increase the number of samples …
The Anti-Factor XII Antibody AB052 Is Antithrombotic without Hemostatic Impairment in a Primate Model of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Michael Wallisch, Erik I Tucker, Christina U Lorentz, Jennifer Johnson, Marschelle R Carris, Owen Jt McCarty, Monica T Hinds, András Gruber
Journal: Blood (2017)
Correction: Safety, Efficacy, and Biomarker Analysis of Toripalimab in Previously Treated Advanced Melanoma: Results of the POLARIS-01 Multicenter Phase II Trial
Authors: Bixia Tang, Zhihong Chi, Yingbo Chen, Xiufeng Liu, Di Wu, Jing Chen, Xin Song, Weifeng Wang, Lihou Dong, Haifeng Song, Hai Wu, Hui Feng, Sheng Yao, Shuikui Qin, Xiaoshi Zhang, Jun Guo
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

In the earlier version of [this article][1] as it was published online on July 21, 2020 ([1][2]) and in the printed article, the Results section contained incorrect progression-free survival values at 3.6 months. The values in the abstract were correct (95% confidence interval, 2.7–5.3). The HTML
Association of Bleeding Scores and Platelet Transfusions With Platelet Counts and Closure Times in Response to Adenosine Diphosphate (CT-ADPs) Among Preterm Neonates With Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Emoke Deschmann, Matthew A. Saxonhouse, Henry A. Feldman, Mikael Norman, Maria Barbian, Martha Sola-Visner
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

This cohort study analyzes the association of closure time in response to adenosine diphosphate (CT-ADP) with bleeding score and the associations of platelet transfusions with change in platelet count, CT-ADP, and bleeding scores in preterm neonates with thrombocytopenia.
Dexras1 plays a pivotal role in maintaining the equilibrium between adipogenesis and osteogenesis
Authors: Jo Woon Seok, Daeun Kim, Bo Kyung Yoon, Yoseob Lee, Hyeon Ju Kim, Nahee Hwang, Sungsoon Fang, Hyo Jung Kim, Jae-woo Kim
Journal: Metabolism (2020)

Chronic steroid treatment causes an increase in visceral adiposity and osteoporosis. It is believed that steroids may alter a balance between differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into either adipocytes or osteoblasts; however, the detailed molecular mechanisms are unclear. We previously identified Dexras1 as a critical factor that potentiates adipogenesis in response to glucocorticoids. Thus, in this study, we investigated the role of Dexras1 in maintaining the balance between chronic steroid treatment-associated adipogenesis and osteoporosis.We treated wild type (WT) and Dexras1 knockout (KO) mice with dexamethasone for five weeks followed by 60% HFD for additional two weeks with dexamethasone. The changes of glucocorticoid-induced body weight gain and osteoporosis were analyzed. Bone marrow derived stromal cells (BMSCs) and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) extracted from WT and Dexras1 KO mice, as well as MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts and osteoclasts differentiated from RAW264.7 were analyzed to further define the role of Dexras1 in osteoblasts and osteoclasts.Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and micro-computed tomography analyses in murine femurs revealed that Dexras1 deficiency was associated with increased osteogenesis, concurrent with reduced adipogenesis. Furthermore, Dexras1 deficiency promoted osteogenesis of BMSCs and MEFs in vitro, suggesting that Dexras1 deficiency prevents steroid-induced osteoporosis. We also observed that Dexras1 downregulated SMAD signaling pathways, which reduced the osteogenic differentiation capacity of pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells into mature osteoblasts.We propose that Dexras1 is critical for maintaining the equilibrium between adipogenesis and osteogenesis upon steroid treatment.
Results in the ESPN/ERA-EDTA Registry suggest disparities in access to kidney transplantation but little variation in graft survival of children across Europe
Authors: Marjolein Bonthuis, Liz Cuperus, Nicholas C. Chesnaye, Sema Akman, Angel Alonso Melgar, Sergey Baiko, Antonia H. Bouts, Olivia Boyer, Kremena Dimitrova, Carmen do Carmo, Ryszard Grenda, James Heaf, Timo Jahnukainen, Augustina Jankauskiene, Lukas Kaltenegger, Mirjana Kostic, Stephen D. Marks, Andromachi Mitsioni, Gregor Novljan, Runolfur Palsson, Paloma Parvex, Ludmila Podracka, Anna Bjerre, Tomas Seeman, Jasna Slavicek, Tamas Szabo, Burkhard Tönshoff, Diletta D. Torres, Koen J. Van Hoeck, Susanne Westphal Ladfors, Jérôme Harambat, Jaap W. Groothoff, Kitty J. Jager
Journal: Kidney International (2020)
Design and Rationale of the HAPIN Study: A Multicountry Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Effect of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Stove and Continuous Fuel Distribution
Authors: Thomas Clasen, William Checkley, Jennifer L. Peel, Kalpana Balakrishnan, John P. McCracken, Ghislaine Rosa, Lisa M. Thompson, Dana Boyd Barr, Maggie L. Clark, Michael A. Johnson, Lance A. Waller, Lindsay M. Jaacks, Kyle Steenland, J. Jaime Miranda, Howard H. Chang, Dong-Yun Kim, Eric D. McCollum, Victor G. Davila-Roman, Aris Papageorghiou, Joshua P. Rosenthal
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2020)

BACKGROUND: Globally, nearly 3 billion people rely on solid fuels for cooking and heating, the vast majority residing in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs).The resulting household air pollution (HAP) is a leading environmental risk factor, accounting for an estimated 1.6 million premature deaths annually.Previous interventions of cleaner stoves have often failed to reduce exposure to levels that produce meaningful health improvements.There have been no multicountry field trials with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stoves, likely the cleanest scalable intervention.OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the design and methods of an ongoing randomized controlled trial (RCT) of LPG stove and fuel distribution in 3,200 households in 4 LMICs (India, Guatemala, Peru, and Rwanda).METHODS: We are enrolling 800 pregnant women at each of the 4 international research centers from households using biomass fuels.We are randomly assigning households to receive LPG stoves, an 18-month supply of free LPG, and behavioral reinforcements to the control arm.The mother is being followed along with her child until the child is 1 year old.Older adult women (40 to <80 years of age) living in the same households are also enrolled and followed during the same period.Primary health outcomes are low birth weight, severe pneumonia incidence, stunting in the child, and high blood pressure (BP) in the older adult woman.Secondary health outcomes are also being assessed.We are assessing stove and fuel use, conducting repeated personal and kitchen exposure assessments of fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2:5 lm (PM 2:5 ), carbon monoxide (CO), and black carbon (BC), and collecting dried blood spots (DBS) and urinary samples for biomarker analysis.Enrollment and data collection began in May 2018 and will continue through August 2021.The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov(NCT02944682).CONCLUSIONS: This study will provide evidence to inform national and global policies on scaling up LPG stove use among vulnerable populations.