tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patterns of individual non-treatment during multiple rounds of mass drug administration for control of soil-transmitted helminths in the TUMIKIA trial, Kenya: a secondary longitudinal analysis
Authors: William E Oswald, Stella Kepha, Katherine E Halliday, Carlos Mcharo, Th'uva Safari, Stefan Witek-McManus, Robert J Hardwick, Elizabeth Allen, Sultani H Matendechero, Simon J Brooker, Sammy M Njenga, Charles S Mwandawiro, Roy M Anderson, Rachel L Pullan
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2020)

Few studies have been done of patterns of treatment during mass drug administration (MDA) to control neglected tropical diseases. We used routinely collected individual-level treatment records that had been collated for the Tuangamize Minyoo Kenya Imarisha Afya (Swahili for Eradicate Worms in Kenya for Better Health [TUMIKIA]) trial, done in coastal Kenya from 2015 to 2017. In this analysis we estimate the extent of and factors associated with the same individuals not being treated over multiple rounds of MDA, which we term systematic non-treatment.
An injectable micelle-hydrogel hybrid for localized and prolonged drug delivery in the management of renal fibrosis
Authors: Xianyan Qin, Yingying Xu, Xu Zhou, Tao Gong, Zhi-Rong Zhang, Yao Fu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2020)

Localized delivery, comparing to systemic drug administration, offers a unique alternative to enhance efficacy, lower dosage, and minimize systemic tissue toxicity by releasing therapeutics locally and specifically to the site of interests. Herein, a localized drug delivery platform ("plum‒pudding" structure) with controlled release and long-acting features is developed through an injectable hydrogel ("pudding") crosslinked via self-assembled triblock polymeric micelles ("plum") to help reduce renal interstitial fibrosis. This strategy achieves controlled and prolonged release of model therapeutics in the kidney for up to three weeks in mice. Following a single injection, local treatments containing either anti-inflammatory small molecule celastrol or anti-TGFβ antibody effectively minimize inflammation while alleviating fibrosis via inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway or neutralizing TGF-β1 locally. Importantly, the micelle-hydrogel hybrid based localized therapy shows enhanced efficacy without local or systemic toxicity, which may represent a clinically relevant delivery platform in the management of renal interstitial fibrosis.
Longitudinal Analyses of the Genomic, Transcriptomic, and T Cell Repertoire in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Demonstrates Changes in Signaling and Immune Recognition at Relapse
Authors: Shamzah Araf, Koorosh Korfi, Ai Nagano, Thomas E C Cummin, Michael Bentley, Aaron R. Thorner, Margaret Ashton-Key, Maria Calaminici, Andrew James Clear, Andrew Davies, Sharon Barrans, Suzan Van Hoppe, Cathy Burton, Simon Rule, Nicola Crosbie, Daniel Painter, Alexandra Smith, David M. Weinstock, David R Westhead, Jessica Okosun, John G. Gribben, Peter Johnson, Jude Fitzgibbon
Journal: Blood (2017)
The prostate cancer chemopreventive effects of resveratrol in TRAMP mice
Authors: Curt E. Harper, Brijesh B. Patel, Jun Wang, Coral A. Lamartiniere
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

4295  According to the American Cancer Society in 2004, it is estimated that approximately 230,000 men in the United States will be diagnosed with prostate cancer, leading to 30,000 deaths. Due to the limited success of androgen deprivation in prostate cancer patients, chemoprevention studies are highly warranted. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic phytoestrogen present in red wine, has been shown to have many beneficial health effects including acting as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, reducing the risk of blood clots and high blood pressure, and promoting anticancer activities. It has previously been shown that resveratrol inhibits the carcinogenic process at the initiation, promotion, and progression stages in cancer cells. We hypothesized that resveratrol will exert a chemopreventive effect via regulation of sex steroid and growth factor pathways. In the current study, C57BL/6 TRAMP (Transgenic Adenocarcinoma Mouse Prostate) male offspring were fed powder AIN-76A diet supplemented with 625 mg resveratrol/kg diet, starting at 5 weeks of age. Controls received the phytoestrogen free diet, AIN 76A. Resveratrol did not significantly alter body, prostate, and testes weights or serum testosterone and estrogen concentrations in 12 and 28 week old mice. Dorsolateral and ventral prostates were dissected from 12 week old mice, and Western blot analyses or ELISA were performed to evaluate sex steroid and growth factor signaling. Histopathology was performed on the 28 week old mice. Resveratrol in the diet reduced the incidence of poorly differentiated prostatic adenocarcinoma (Grade 6 tumors) by 17%. In the dorsolateral prostate(DLP), resveratrol significantly increased androgen receptor (AR), insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-R1) and significantly decreased insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). In contrast, in the ventral prostate, resveratrol significantly decreased androgen receptor (AR), but did not significantly alter insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-R1) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). It has been historically reported that the rodent DLP is the most homologous to the human prostate. However, recently it was concluded by a panel of expert pathologists that no data currently exists that would defend a conclusion that one lobe of the rodent prostate is more relevant to human prostate cancer than another lobe. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to differentiate between the actions of resveratrol in the dorsolateral prostate versus the ventral prostate. The decrease in the potent growth factor, IGF-1, and the modulation of the androgen receptor pathway and insulin-like growth factor axis may provide a biochemical basis for resveratrol suppressing prostate cancer without significant toxicity. (Supported by DOD DAMD PC 17-03-1-0153)
Medical editor lambasts journals and editors
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Medical journals are riddled with errors and are improving only slowly, and medical editors are neglecting their craft.These were the conclusions of Drummond Rennie, deputy editor of JAMA, at the end of the fourth congress on peer review in biomedical publication organised by JAMA and held in Barcelona this week.The conference heard from Doug Altman, statistical adviser to the BMJ, how medical journals continue to be full of serious methodological errors, meaning that many studies reach false conclusions.The problem was identified many years ago, and yet there have been few improvements.Medical research is too often done by untrained people for the wrong reasons, including career advancement.
Infographic. Does the Spraino low-friction shoe patch prevent lateral ankle sprain injury in indoor sports? A 510-participant pilot RCT
Authors: Filip Gertz Lysdal, Thomas Bandholm, Janne Schurmann Tolstrup, Mikkel Bek Clausen, Stephanie Mann, Pelle Baggesgaard Petersen, Thor Buch Grønlykke, Uwe G Kersting, Eamonn Delahunt, Adam Virgile, Kristian Thorborg
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

Lateral ankle sprains are common in indoor sports, and most of these injuries occur via a ‘non-contact’ injury mechanism in which the only contact is between the shoe and the floor.1 2 Shoe–surface friction is generally high in indoor sports, and this attribute is considered a risk factor for non-contact lower extremity injuries.3 

Spraino is a novel low-friction patch that is attached to the outside of sports shoes, specifically designed to prevent ‘friction-related’ ankle sprains in indoor sports by minimising friction at the lateral edge of the shoe sole. The minimised friction causes a reorientation of the ground reaction force vector, bringing it closer towards the joint centre, resulting in a lower joint torque, which could mitigate the risk and severity of lateral ankle sprains.4 

In our recent pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT), published in British Journal of Sports Medicine …
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and risk of neoplastic progression in patients with Barrett’s esophagus
Authors: Noam Peleg, Hemda Schmilovitz-Weiss, Steven Shamah, Ariel Schwartz, Iris Dotan, Boris Sapoznikov
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Abstract Background Patient’s with Barrett’s esophagus (BE) are at risk of progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was found to be a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with EAC; however, its performance in premalignant esophageal lesions is vague. We aimed to evaluate the utility of NLR as a predictor of histologic progression in patients with BE. Methods A prospective cohort of patients with proven BE in a tertiary referral center was retrospectively analyzed. All biopsies were reviewed by an expert gastrointestinal pathologist. The discriminatory capacity of NLR was evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve analysis and Cox regression analysis. Results 324 patients (mean age 62.3 years, 241 [74.4 %] males) were included in the final analysis. Overall, 13 patients demonstrated histologic progression to neoplasia over a mean follow-up of 3.7 years (progression risk 1.0 % per year). The AUC of NLR for progression to high grade dysplasia (HGD) or EAC was 0.88 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.83 – 0.96), and baseline NLR was associated with a 3-fold increase of progression to HGD and EAC during follow-up (hazard ratio [HR] 3.2, 95 %CI 1.5 – 5.8; P &lt; 0.001). Notably, in a subgroup analysis of patients with nondysplastic BE (NDBE) at presentation, NLR was also a risk factor for histologic progression (HR 2.4, 95 %CI 1.7 – 3.4; P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion NLR predicted histologic progression in patients with BE. Patients with NDBE and NLR above 2.4 can be considered for specific surveillance programs with shorter intervals between sessions.
Effects of canagliflozin on anaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a post-hoc analysis from the CREDENCE trial
Authors: Megumi Oshima, Brendon L Neuen, Meg J Jardine, George Bakris, Robert Edwards, Adeera Levin, Kenneth W Mahaffey, Bruce Neal, Carol Pollock, Norman Rosenthal, Takashi Wada, David C Wheeler, Vlado Perkovic, Hiddo J L Heerspink
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2020)
International validation of the Bullous Pemphigoid Disease Area Index severity score and calculation of cut‐off values for defining mild, moderate and severe types of bullous pemphigoid*
Authors: W. Masmoudi, M. Vaillant, S. Vassileva, A. Patsatsi, G. Quereux, C. Moltrasio, C. Abasq, C. Prost‐Squarcioni, D. Kottler, D. Kiritsi, N. Litrowski, P. Plantin, L. Friedrichsen, A. Zebrowska, S. Duvert‐Lehembre, S. Hofmann, V. Ferranti, F. Jouen, P. Joly, V. Hebert
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Background The Bullous Pemphigoid Disease Area Index (BPDAI) score has been proposed to provide an objective measure of bullous pemphigoid (BP) activity. Objectives The objective of this study was to calculate BPDAI cut-off values defining mild, moderate and severe BP. We also aimed to assess the interrater reliability and correlation with the number of daily new blisters, and anti-BP180 and anti-BP230 antibodies. Methods Severity scores were recorded by two blinded investigators. Anti-BP180 and anti-BP230 antibodies were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cut-off values defining mild, moderate and severe subgroups were calculated based on the 25th and 75th percentiles of the BPDAI score. Results In total, 285 patients with BP were enrolled from 50 dermatology departments in Europe. Median BPDAI activity was 37·5 points (range 0–164). Cut-off values corresponding to the first and third quartiles of the BPDAI score were 20 and 57, respectively; thus, these values were used to define mild (≤ 19), moderate (≥ 20 and ≤ 56) and severe (≥ 57) BP. The median BPDAI score for patients with ≤ 10 daily new blisters was 26 [interquartile range (IQR) 17–45], and for patients with > 10 daily new blisters the median score was 55 (IQR 39–82). The BPDAI intraclass correlation coefficient measured at baseline was 0·97 and remained higher than 0·90 up to month 6. The improvement in the BPDAI score was correlated with the absolute decrease in anti-BP180 ELISA value (Spearman's rank r = 0·34, P < 0·004), but not with anti-BP230 antibodies (r = 0·17, P = 0·15). Conclusions This study suggests cut-off values of 20–57 for BPDAI to distinguish mild, moderate and severe BP, and confirms that it is a robust tool to assess BP severity precisely.
PTU-011 A prospective audit of a speciality registrar led out of hours endoscopy service for suspected acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: T Beinortas, V Subramanian, A Irvine, SV Venkatachalapathy, JS Kane, N Mohammed, B Rembacken, S Everett, N Burr, R Sood
Journal: Gut (2017)

Introduction  Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) is a potentially life threatening condition, resulting in 7.4% all-cause mortality in patients receiving endoscopy in the UK National audit in 2007 [1]. Formal, out-of-hours (OOH) endoscopy rotas for AUGIB are typically delivered by consultant gastroenterologists and have been shown to reduce waiting time to endoscopy and improve mortality. Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust (LTHT) has a Speciality registrar (SpR) led OOH on-call rota staffed by junior SpRs supervised by more senior trainees. We prospectively audited the LTHT SpR led OOH AUGIB service against the latest BSG National Audit results.  Method  We included adult patients (>16 years), presenting to LTHT between March and September 2016 with a suspected AUGIB having an endoscopy procedure performed by a SpR alone, SpR supervising SpR or SpR supervised by consultant. Baseline clinical, laboratory, demographic data, grade of endoscopist, place of endoscopy, findings of endoscopy and treatments applied were recorded. The primary outcome was 30 day all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were 60 and 90 day all-cause mortality, re-bleed rates and time to endoscopy. We used hazard ratios and multiple logistic regression analysis to examine the association between any of our collected variables, 30 day all-cause mortality and re-bleed rates. We classified a p-value of   Results  177 patients (62% male, median age 67, range 18–97) were included in the study. 54% of endoscopies were performed by two SpRs, 41% by SpR alone and 5% by SpR supervised by a consultant. Median time to endoscopy was 16.3 hours and 22% were performed in theatre. 30, 60 and 90 day mortality were, 5.1%, 5.1% and 9.0% respectively with 8.9% patients having a re-bleed. Low baseline albumin predicted 30 day mortality: HR 1.25 (95% CI, 1.05–1.50) per 1 g/L drop. AIMS65, Blatchford, pre-endoscopy Rockall scores and other baseline laboratory tests were not statistically significantly associated with 30 day mortality or re-bleed rates, although there were few events.  Conclusion  An SpR-led OOH endoscopy rota compared favourably to national audit results for time to endoscopy, re-bleed and mortality. None of the prognostic scores demonstrated a statistically significant correlation with mortality rate. Where service configuration permits, the implementation of an SpR led AUGIB service may provide a model for exposure to training in AUGIB for Gastroenterology SpRs.  Reference  . Hearnshaw SA, Logan RFA, Lowe D, et al. Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the UK: patient characteristics, diagnoses and outcomes in the 2007 UK audit. Gut2011;60(10):1327–35  Disclosure of Interest  None Declared
A murine model of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis using the topical application of a vitamin D3 analog
Authors: Ryoji Kagoya, Kenji Kondo, Megumi Kishimoto‐Urata, Yuya Shimizu, Shu Kikuta, Tatsuya Yamasoba
Journal: Allergy (2020)

Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by eosinophilic infiltration, T-helper type 2 (Th2-type) response, and olfactory dysfunction. A master regulator of Th2-type inflammation, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), is important for basophil activation. TSLP-elicited basophils are a key factor in the pathogenesis of ECRS.In order to elucidate the mechanisms of ECRS in humans, we aimed to establish a murine model of ECRS based on TSLP production in response to the topical application of MC903 (a vitamin D3 analog) and the subsequent TSLP-induced basophil activation. Histological analyses were performed to assess immune cell infiltration into the nasal mucosa and to explore the impact of eosinophilic inflammation on the olfactory epithelium. The status of Th2-type inflammation was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Eosinophils, basophils, and M2 macrophages increased significantly in the nasal mucosa of the mice treated with MC903 and ovalbumin (OVA), compared to those treated with OVA alone or the controls. Quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA revealed elevated expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, TSLP, the chemokine CCL11, and CCL24 in the nasal mucosa of the ECRS mice. In parallel, thinned olfactory epithelium and decreased mature olfactory sensory neurons were observed in the ECRS mice.Our model of ECRS displayed Th2-type inflammation in the sinonasal region, including both eosinophil infiltration and basophil infiltration. Additionally, olfactory epithelium turned out to be affected by eosinophilic inflammation. These features are consistent with the characteristics of the human ECRS.
Recovery of menses after functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea: if, when and why
Authors: Janna Pape, A E Herbison, B Leeners
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2020)

Prolonged amenorrhoea occurs as a consequence of functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea (FHA) which is most often induced by weight loss, vigorous exercise or emotional stress. Unfortunately, removal of these triggers does not always result in the return of menses. The prevalence and conditions underlying the timing of return of menses vary strongly and some women report amenorrhoea several years after having achieved and maintained normal weight and/or energy balance. A better understanding of these factors would also allow improved counselling in the context of infertility. Although BMI, percentage body fat and hormonal parameters are known to be involved in the initiation of the menstrual cycle, their role in the physiology of return of menses is currently poorly understood. We summarise here the current knowledge on the epidemiology and physiology of return of menses.
Sexually dimorphic radiogenomic models identify distinct imaging and biological pathways that are prognostic of overall survival in glioblastoma
Authors: Niha Beig, Salendra Singh, Kaustav Bera, Prateek Prasanna, Gagandeep Singh, Jonathan Chen, Anas Saeed Bamashmos, Addison Barnett, Kyle Hunter, Volodymyr Statsevych, Virginia B Hill, Vinay Varadan, Anant Madabhushi, Manmeet S Ahluwalia, Pallavi Tiwari
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2020)

Recent epidemiological studies have suggested that sexual dimorphism influences treatment response and prognostic outcome in glioblastoma (GBM). To this end, we sought to (i) identify distinct sex-specific radiomic phenotypes-from tumor subcompartments (peritumoral edema, enhancing tumor, and necrotic core) using pretreatment MRI scans-that are prognostic of overall survival (OS) in GBMs, and (ii) investigate radiogenomic associations of the MRI-based phenotypes with corresponding transcriptomic data, to identify the signaling pathways that drive sex-specific tumor biology and treatment response in GBM.
Wnt5a Induces ROR1 to Complex with DOCK2 and Promote Proliferation of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells
Authors: Kamrul Hasan, Jian Yu, George F. Widhopf Ii, Laura Z. Rassenti, Liguang Chen, Zhouxin Shen, Steven P. Briggs, Thomas J. Kipps
Journal: Blood (2017)
Dysanapsis and COPD
Authors: Chika Edward Uzoigwe
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
USPSTF recommends asking adults screening questions about unhealthy drug use
Authors: Anne M. Holbrook
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

ACP Journal Club20 October 2020USPSTF recommends asking adults screening questions about unhealthy drug useAnne M. Holbrook, MD, PharmD, MScAnne M. Holbrook, MD, PharmD, MScMcMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.M.H.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/ACPJ202010200-038 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationKrist AH, Davidson KW, Mangione CM, et al. Screening for unhealthy drug use: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2020;323:2301-09. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32515821Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Public Health: References1 Canadian Substance Use Costs and Harms Scientific Working Group. Canadian substance use costs and harms 2015–2017. Ottawa, Ontario: Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction. 2020. Accessed at www.ccsa.ca/canadian-substance-use-costs-and-harms-2015-2017-report on 6 Aug 20. Google Scholar2 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); Office of the Surgeon General (US). Facing Addiction in America: The Surgeon General's Report on Alcohol, Drugs, and Health. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services; Nov 2016. [PMID: 28252892] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.M.H.)Disclosures: The commentator has disclosed no conflicts of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M19-3048.This article was published at Annals.org on 6 October 2020. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 October 2020Volume 173, Issue 8Page: JC38KeywordsAdolescentsDrug screeningDrugsQuestionnairesRelative riskResearch quality assessmentSpecificitySystematic reviewsYoung adults ePublished: 20 October 2020 Issue Published: 20 October 2020 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2020 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...