tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patients’ reactions to a decision aid about lung cancer screening with low-dose spiral computed tomography: An uncontrolled trial.
Authors: Robert J. Volk, Suzanne K. Linder, Viola Leal, Vance A. Rabius, Paul M. Cinciripini, Geetanjali R. Kamath, Reginald F. Munden, Therese Bartholomew Bevers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

1564 Background: Results from the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) and a recent ASCO-supported systematic review concluded that screening with low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) reduces lung cancer deaths among selected heavy smokers. Yet, this mortality benefit must be weighed against the potential harms of screening (e.g., high false positive rate). In anticipation of LDCT screening becoming a reimbursable preventive health service, we developed and evaluated a brief, video-based patient decision aid designed for use in clinical settings. Methods: Patients from a tobacco treatment program who were 45 to 75 years of age and had no history of lung cancer participated in the study. Measures of acceptability and ratings of the aid were included. We assessed effectiveness of the aid via knowledge about lung cancer and the benefits and risks of screening, and clarity of values using the Decisional Conflict Scale. Results: Fifty-two patients completed the study (mean age=58.5 years; mean average years smoking=34.8 years). Over 94% of patients watched the entire video, would recommend it to others, felt it held their interest, rated the content favorably, and wanted to view similar video-based aids. Acceptability was high, although 23.3% wanted more information about the NLST findings and evidence base. After viewing the aid, knowledge about lung cancer screening increased significantly (before viewing aid, 25.5% of questions answered correctly; after viewing aid, 74.8%; P&lt;.01). The majority of patients continued to have difficulty with the question about whether all current and former smokers should be screened for lung cancer (23.1% answered correctly). Patients reported being clear about which benefits and harms of screening mattered most to them (94.1% and 86.5% were clear, respectively). Conclusions: Our decision aid was rated favorably by tobacco treatment patients. Large gains in knowledge about lung cancer screening were observed, highlighting the important informational function of the aid. Additional features under consideration for the aid include screening eligibility assessment and information about the evidence behind the screening recommendations.
ERCP with a cap-assisted gastroscope for an intradiverticular ampulla
Authors: Antonio Mendoza Ladd
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

An 84-year-old woman with a history of Alzheimer’s dementia, hypothyroidism, and cholecystectomy presented to the emergency room with ascending cholangitis. She had undergone a percutaneous biopsy of a “liver cyst” 2 days earlier at an outside facility. Magnetic resonance imaging at our hospital showed a lobulated 6-cm cyst in segment 6/7 ([Fig. 1 a]). Other findings included a dilated common bile duct (12 mm) with choledocholithiasis and a 5-cm diverticulum in the second portion of the duodenum ([Fig. 1 b]).
Leptin Induces Hypertension Acting on Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 7 Channel in the Carotid Body
Authors: Mi-Kyung Shin, Candela Caballero Eraso, Yun-Ping Mu, Chenjuan Gu, Bonnie H.Y. Yeung, Lenise J. Kim, Xiao-Ru Liu, Zhi-Juan Wu, Omkar Paudel, Luis E. Pichard, Machiko Shirahata, Wan-Yee Tang, James S.K. Sham, Vsevolod Y. Polotsky
Journal: Circulation Research (2019)

Obesity leads to resistant hypertension and mechanisms are poorly understood, but high plasma levels of leptin have been implicated. Leptin increases blood pressure acting both centrally in the dorsomedial hypothalamus and peripherally. Sites of the peripheral hypertensive effect of leptin have not been identified. We previously reported that leptin enhanced activity of the carotid sinus nerve, which transmits chemosensory input from the carotid bodies (CBs) to the medullary centers, and this effect was abolished by nonselective blockers of Trp (transient receptor potential) channels. We searched our mouse CB transcriptome database and found that the Trpm7 (transient receptor potential melastatin 7) channel was the most abundant Trp channel.To examine if leptin induces hypertension acting on the CB Trpm7.C57BL/6J (n=79), leptin receptor (LepRb) deficient db/db mice (n=22), and LepRb-EGFP (n=4) mice were used. CB Trpm7 and LepRb gene expression was determined and immunohistochemistry was performed; CB glomus cells were isolated and Trpm7-like current was recorded. Blood pressure was recorded continuously in (1) leptin-treated C57BL/6J mice with intact and denervated CB; (2) leptin-treated C57BL/6J mice, which also received a nonselective Trpm7 blocker FTY720 administered systemically or topically to the CB area; (3) leptin-treated C57BL/6J mice transfected with Trpm7 small hairpin RNA to the CB, and (4) Leprb deficient obese db/db mice before and after Leprb expression in CB. Leptin receptor and Trpm7 colocalized in the CB glomus cells. Leptin induced a nonselective cation current in these cells, which was inhibited by Trpm7 blockers. Leptin induced hypertension in C57BL/6J mice, which was abolished by CB denervation, Trpm 7 blockers, and Trpm7 small hairpin RNA applied to CBs. Leprb overexpression in CB of Leprb-deficient db/db mice demethylated the Trpm7 promoter, increased Trpm7 gene expression, and induced hypertension.We conclude that leptin induces hypertension acting on Trmp7 in CB, which opens horizons for new therapy.
Cystic and alveolar echinococcosis are two completely different diseases caused by two different species of Echinococcus parasites. comment ON: Disseminated cystic echinococcosis of Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1610–1670) by Gaeta R, Giuffra V. J infect. 2019 Sep 4
Authors: Francesca Tamarozzi, Adriano Casulli
Journal: Journal of Infection (2019)
Impact of Past Research Experience on Subsequent Trials: A Caution
Authors: Miguel A. Villarreal, Jeremy J. Wildfire, Christine A. Sorkness, Peter J. Gergen, Cynthia M. Visness, Herman E. Mitchell
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2019)

cross-section in subjects with CTD-ILD and U-ILD.This supports the findings of Maher and colleagues, who showed that an increase in CA-125 over time was a strong predictor of progressive IPF (2).This study had several limitations.First, despite our multicenter approach, the sample sizes were relatively small, especially for CTD subtypes, which undoubtedly left some biomarker analyses underpowered.Next, batch effects and protein degradation may have influenced our results, as plasma storage time varied substantially between centers.Finally, biomarker threshold precision could not be ascertained given the multiplex platform used for this analysis.Prospective studies using validated ELISA platforms are needed. ConclusionsCirculating plasma biomarkers are among the most readily measurable biomarkers in the human body.A wealth of biomarker data have emerged in IPF, and our findings suggest that molecular markers of progressive IPF may in fact be markers of progressive PF, irrespective of ILD subtype.Additional research is needed to validate these findings and determine how such biomarkers can inform clinical decision-making across diverse forms of ILD.
A 3D Microscaffold Cochlear Electrode Array for Steroid Elution
Authors: Jongmoon Jang, Jin‐young Kim, Yeong Cheol Kim, Sangwon Kim, Namsun Chou, Seungmin Lee, Yun‐Hoon Choung, Sohee Kim, Juergen Brugger, Hongsoo Choi, Jeong Hun Jang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2019)

Abstract In cochlear implants, the electrode insertion trauma during surgery can cause damage residual hearing. Preserving the residual hearing is an important challenge and the localized administration of drugs, such as steroids, is one of the most promising ways, but remains a challenge. Here, a microscaffold cochlear electrode array (MiSCEA) consisting of a microfabricated flexible electrode array and a 3D microscaffold for steroid reservoir is reported. The MiSCEA without loaded drug is tested by measuring the electrically evoked auditory brainstem response of the cochlea in guinea pigs ( n = 4). The scaffold is then coated with steroid (dexamethasone) encapsulated in polylactic‐ co ‐glycolic acid and the continuous release of the steroid into artificial perilymph during six weeks is monitored. The steroid‐containing scaffolds are then implanted into guinea pigs ( n = 4) and threshold shifts are analyzed for four weeks by measuring the acoustically evoked auditory brainstem response. The threshold shifts tend to be lower in the group implanted with the steroid‐containing MiSCEAs. The feasibility of 3D MiSCEA opens up the development of potential next‐generation cochlear electrode with improved steroid release dynamics into cochlea.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Prevalence of Diabetes and Prediabetes by BMI: Patient Outcomes Research To Advance Learning (PORTAL) Multisite Cohort of Adults in the U.S.
Authors: Yeyi Zhu, Margo A. Sidell, David Arterburn, Matthew F. Daley, Jay Desai, Stephanie L. Fitzpatrick, Michael A. Horberg, Corinna Koebnick, Emily McCormick, Caryn Oshiro, Deborah R. Young, Assiamira Ferrara
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

OBJECTIVE To examine racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes by BMI category. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a consortium of three U.S. integrated health care systems, 4,906,238 individuals aged ≥20 years during 2012–2013 were included. Diabetes and prediabetes were ascertained by diagnosis and laboratory results; antihyperglycemic medications were also included for diabetes ascertainment. RESULTS The age-standardized diabetes and prediabetes prevalence estimates were 15.9% and 33.4%, respectively. Diabetes but not prediabetes prevalence increased across BMI categories among all racial/ethnic groups (P for trend &amp;lt; 0.001). Racial/ethnic minorities reached a given diabetes prevalence at lower BMIs than whites; Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders and Asians had a diabetes prevalence of 24.6% (95% CI 24.1–25.2%) in overweight and 26.5% (26.3–26.8%) in obese class 1, whereas whites had a prevalence of 23.7% (23.5–23.8%) in obese class 2. The age-standardized prediabetes prevalence estimates in overweight among Hispanics (35.6% [35.4–35.7%]), Asians (38.1% [38.0–38.3%]), and Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders (37.5% [36.9–38.2%]) were similar to those in obese class 4 among whites (35.3% [34.5–36.0%]), blacks (36.8% [35.5–38.2%]), and American Indians/Alaskan Natives (34.2% [29.6–38.8%]). In adjusted models, the strength of association between BMI and diabetes was highest among whites (relative risk comparing obese class 4 with normal weight 7.64 [95% CI 7.50–7.79]) and lowest among blacks (3.16 [3.05–3.27]). The association between BMI and prediabetes was less pronounced. CONCLUSIONS Racial/ethnic minorities had a higher burden of diabetes and prediabetes at lower BMIs than whites, suggesting the role of factors other than obesity in racial/ethnic disparities in diabetes and prediabetes risk and highlighting the need for tailored screening and prevention strategies.
Twists, Turns &amp; Entanglement – Complexity and the tricky challenges of sport for the athlete and practitioner
Authors: Philip Glasgow, Stephen Mutch
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2019)

Complex decision making is a central pillar of working in performance sport. Are players available for training or competition? What is the optimal training content and progression for an athlete? What is the best intervention for the athlete to resolve an injury while supporting performance? These and many other questions are part of any normal day working in sports medicine. This ACPSEM issue of BJSM (figure 1) highlights the complex and changing environment in which practitioners work and encourages us to avoid a simple linear approach but rather seek to synthesise a wide range of factors to help us make better judgements.



Figure 1 
The ACPSEM (@Physiosinsport) Autumn Study Day for 2019 focuses on hip and groin pain in sport. Belfast, November 23rd, 2019.



Over recent years, complex systems theory has improved our understanding of the interactions between various factors and sports injury. …
A Man in His Early 70s With Aortic Stenosis and Discoloration of the Aortic Valve
Authors: Khurram Butt, Kevin Accola
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Treatment of Refractory Chronic Pruritus of Unknown Origin With Tofacitinib in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Fang Wang, Caroline Morris, Nancy D. Bodet, Brian S. Kim
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Interleukin-6 Drives Multiple Myeloma Progression through Upregulating of CD147/Emmprin Expression and Its Sialylation
Authors: Yanmeng Wang, Rong Fan, Li Lei, Aiying Wang, Xiaman Wang, Shen Ying, Hongli Chen, Caoilfhionn Connolly, Kim De Veirman, Aili He, Karin Vanderkerken, Michael O'Dwyer, Jinsong Hu
Journal: Blood (2017)
Diagnostic accuracy of serum (1,3)-beta-d-glucan for neonatal invasive candidiasis: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: J.F. Cohen, A. Ouziel, S. Matczak, J. Brice, R. Spijker, O. Lortholary, M.-E. Bougnoux, J. Toubiana
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2019)
Mitochondrial ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels Attenuate Matrix Ca2+ Overload During Simulated Ischemia and Reperfusion
Authors: MitsushigeMurata, MasaharuAkao, BrianO’Rourke, EduardoMarbán
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channels play a key role in ischemic preconditioning of the heart. However, the mechanism of cardioprotection remains controversial. We measured rhod-2 fluorescence in adult rabbit ventricular cardiomyocytes as an index of mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]m), using time-lapse confocal microscopy. To simulate ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), cells were exposed to metabolic inhibition (50 minutes) followed by washout with control solution. Rhod-2 fluorescence gradually increased during simulated ischemia and rose even further with reperfusion. The mitoKATP channel opener diazoxide attenuated the accumulation of [Ca2+]m during simulated I/R (EC50=18 μmol/L). These effects of diazoxide were blocked by the mitoKATP channel antagonist 5-hydroxydecanoate (5HD). In contrast, inhibitors of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), cyclosporin A and bongkrekic acid, did not alter [Ca2+]m accumulation during ischemia, but markedly suppressed the su...
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-1 Is Essential for In Vitro Cardiomyocyte Development
Authors: PatriziaDell’Era, RobertoRonca, LauraCoco, StefaniaNicoli, MarcoMetra, MarcoPresta
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling plays a crucial role in mesoderm formation and patterning. Heartless mutant studies in Drosophila suggest that FGFR1, among the different FGFRs, may play a role in cardiogenesis. However, fgfr1−/− mice die during gastrulation before heart formation. To establish the contribution of FGFR1 in cardiac development, we investigated the capacity of murine fgfr1+/− and fgfr1−/− embryonic stem (ES) cells to differentiate to cardiomyocytes in vitro. Clusters of pulsating cardiomyocytes were observed in >90% of 3-dimensional embryoid bodies (EBs) originated from fgfr1+/− ES cells at day 9 to 10 of differentiation. In contrast, 10% or less of fgfr1−/− EBs showed beating foci at day 16. Accordingly, fgfr1−/− EBs were characterized by impaired expression of early cardiac transcription factors Nkx2.5 and d-Hand and of late structural cardiac genes myosin heavy chain (MHC)-α, MHC-β, and ventricular myosin light chain. Homozygous fgfr1 mutation resulted also in...
A repeated molecular architecture across thalamic pathways
Authors: James W. Phillips, Anton Schulmann, Erina Hara, Johan Winnubst, Chenghao Liu, Vera Valakh, Lihua Wang, Brenda C. Shields, Wyatt Korff, Jayaram Chandrashekar, Andrew L. Lemire, Brett Mensh, Joshua T. Dudman, Sacha B. Nelson, Adam W. Hantman
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2019)
Emergence of Sex Differences in Prevalence of High Systolic Blood Pressure
Authors: KaberiDasgupta, JenniferO’Loughlin, ShunfuChen, IgorKarp, GillesParadis, JohanneTremblay, PavelHamet, LouisePilote
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— High systolic blood pressure (SBP) occurs more frequently both among men and boys than among women and girls. No longitudinal study has investigated whether the impact of SBP determinants differ according to sex in youth. Methods and Results— Between 1999 and 2005, an adolescent cohort (n=1267) completed a questionnaire survey and underwent biannual blood pressure and anthropometric assessment (grades 7, 9, and 11). Boys accounted for ≈50% of those with high SBP at grade 7 and 9 assessments but 67% of those with high SBP at the grade 11 assessment. As computed through a generalized estimating equations logistic regression model (sex, age, sex and age interaction term, overweight, physical activity, sedentary behavior, heart rate, household income, tobacco use, and 4 language categories), the likelihood of high SBP values among boys compared with girls was 1.29 (95% CI, 0.77 to 2.16) in grade 7, 1.98 (95% CI, 1.35 to 2.93) in grade 9, and 2.74 (95% CI, 1.52 to 4.94) in grade 11. Although there ...
Multistate population and whole genome sequence-based strain surveillance of invasive pneumococci recovered in the USA during 2017
Authors: J. Varghese, S. Chochua, T. Tran, H. Walker, Z. Li, P.M. Snippes Vagnone, R. Lynfield, L. McGee, Y. Li, B.J. Metcalf, T. Pilishvili, B. Beall
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2019)

We aimed to provide population-based and whole-genome sequence (WGS) -based characterization of invasive pneumococcal disease isolates collected from multistate surveillance in the USA during 2017.We obtained short-read WGS from 2881 isolates with associated bioinformatics pipeline strain feature predictions. For quality control, capsular serotypes and antimicrobial MICs were also obtained conventionally from 442 isolates. Annotated WGS were provided (inclusive of serotypes, MICs, multilocus sequence types, pilus type(s)) from 2723 isolates. For 158 isolates with suboptimal WGS, antimicrobial MICs were obtained conventionally.There were 127 isolates from children <5 years of age and 2754 isolates from those ≥5 years old in 2017. One of 43 different serotypes was predicted for 2877 of the 2881 isolates. Serotypes in the 13-valent conjugate vaccine together with 6C (PCV13+6C) accounted for 816 (28.3%) isolates, with PCV13 serotype 3 being the most common serotype overall. Non-PCV13-6C- serotypes accounted for 2065 (71.7%) isolates, comprising 96 (75.6%) isolates from children < 5 years old and 1969 (61.4%) isolates from those aged ≥5 years. Of 36 different categories of recently emerged serotype-switch variants, three showed marked increases relative to 2015-2016 in that the number from 2017 surpassed the number from 2015-2016 combined. Two of these included antimicrobial-resistant serotype 11A and 35B serotype-switch variants of the ST156 clonal complex.PCV13+6C strains are still identified in 2017 but non-PCV13-type strains impose a considerable burden. This well-annotated year 2017 WGS/strain data set will prove useful for a broad variety of analyses and improved our understanding of invasive pneumococcal disease-causing strains in the post-PCV13 era.
Systematic Literature Review of Systemic Corticosteroid Use for Asthma Management
Authors: Eugene R. Bleecker, Andrew N. Menzies-Gow, David B. Price, Arnaud Bourdin, Stephen Sweet, Amber L. Martin, Marianna Alacqua, Trung N. Tran
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2019)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<ContentsMethodsResultsDiscussionReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Inter- and Intra-assay Variation in the Diagnostic Performance of Assays for Anti-tissue Transglutaminase in 2 Populations
Authors: Prashant Singh, Alka Singh, Jocelyn A. Silvester, Vikas Sachdeva, Xinhua Chen, Hua Xu, Daniel A. Leffler, Vineet Ahuja, Donald R. Duerksen, Ciaran P. Kelly, Govind K. Makharia
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2019)
Tumor Antigen Mediated Conformational Changes of Nanoplatform for Activated Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Junjie Liu, Yiwen Zhang, Wei Liu, Kaixiang Zhang, Jinjin Shi, Zhenzhong Zhang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2019)

Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive powerful tool for tumor treatment. However, phototoxicity seriously limits the clinical application of PDT, and activated PDT specifically response to tumor cell antigen is rarely reported. Herein, a tumor cell specific “switch‐on” PDT nanoplatform, which employs a well‐designed hairpin structure mucl protein (MUC1) aptamer (Apt) as specific linker to conjugate gold nanorod and Chlorin e6 (Ce6) (GNR/Apt‐Ce6) is prepared, and “switch on” via conformational changes of aptamer‐induced fluorescence resonance energy transfer missing between GNR and Ce6 for selective tumor therapy. In the absence of tumor cells, MUC1 Apt keeps a hairpin structure, leading to Ce6 closely adhered to the surface of GNR, PDT is in an “off” state even under the irradiations. On the contrary, in the presence of tumor cells with overexpressed MUC1, Apt specifically recognizes and binds to MUC1, resulting in conformational changes of Apt from regular hairpin to extended chain structure. Thus with an enlarged distance between Ce6 and GNR, PDT is switched‐on. GNR/Apt‐Ce6 shows excellent PDT efficacy in tumor‐bearing mice (55.1% vs 1.3%, tumor apoptosis rate of GNR/Apt‐Ce6 vs GNR/random sequence‐Ce6) due to its high tumor‐targeting and “switch‐on” properties. The strategy of tumor antigen activated PDT is expected to provide a new perspective for clinical application.