tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-term Effects of Disasters on Seniors With Diabetes: Evidence From Hurricanes Katrina and Rita
Authors: Troy Quast, Ross Andel, Archana R. Sadhu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

OBJECTIVE To estimate the long-run mortality effects of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on seniors with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of Medicare enrollment and claims data covering four states and ∼10 years. Affected individuals were identified by whether they lived in a county that suffered a high impact and were stratified by whether they moved to a different county following the storms. Propensity scores matched affected and comparison subjects based on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and the presence of chronic conditions. Our sample consisted of 170,328 matched affected subjects. RESULTS The affected subjects had a nearly 40% higher all-cause mortality risk in the 1st month after the storms, but the difference fell to &amp;lt;6% by the end of the full observation period. The mortality risks of heart disease and nephritis also exhibited the largest differences immediately following the storms. Among the affected subjects, the all-cause mortality risk was higher for those who moved to a different county, with an especially large difference among those who moved to an affected county. CONCLUSIONS The propensity matching procedure resulted in the comparison and affected groups having similar observable characteristics. However, we only examined the extreme outcome of mortality, our definition of affected was somewhat crude, and our sample did not include individuals enrolled in Medicare Advantage. Our findings highlight the importance of the immediate response to disasters, yet also demonstrate the long-lasting impact disasters can have.
Sex-Specific Differences in Circumpapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness
Authors: Dian Li, Franziska G. Rauscher, Eun Young Choi, Mengyu Wang, Neda Baniasadi, Kerstin Wirkner, Toralf Kirsten, Joachim Thiery, Christoph Engel, Markus Loeffler, Tobias Elze
Journal: Ophthalmology (2019)
Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Fulminant Myocarditis and Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Osnat Itzhaki Ben Zadok, MD, MS, Ben Ben-Avraham, MD, Anju Nohria, MD, Katia Orvin, MD, Mithal Nassar, MD, Zaza Iakobishvili, MD, PhD, Victoria Neiman, MD, Hadar Goldvaser, MD, Ran Kornowski, MD, Tuvia Ben Gal, MD
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2019)

A 53-year-old female patient, an active smoker, received a diagnosis in early 2019 of poor-risk, metastatic renal cell carcinoma with invasion of the inferior vena cava and hepatic veins. Pre-treatment transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed thrombotic involvement of the right atrium with
Private screening: GPs shouldn’t have to deal with results, says RCGP
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Private health screening companies should be held accountable for the follow-up care of the patients they see and not expect the NHS to pick up the bill, the Royal College for General Practitioners has said.

In official guidance approved by the college’s council on 20 September, it said that GPs should not have to deal with the results of screening services that have not been authorised by the UK National Screening Committee, which advises ministers on screening after reviewing the evidence.

The RCGP has called on the Department of Health and Social Care for England to ensure that NHS providers are not “under any obligation to follow up the results” of screening that would not have been performed on the NHS.

The position paper, which was generated by council member and former BMJ columnist Margaret McCartney, was passed by the …
Clinical Evaluation of a New Prostate-Specific Antigen Sandwich ELISA Which Employs Four Monoclonal Antibodies Directed at Different Epitopes of Prostate-Specific Antigen
Authors: Carlos Jurincic-Winkler, Heinz von der Kammer, Richard Horlbeck, Karl-Friedrich Klippel, Hans U. Pixberg, Karl-Heinz Scheit
Journal: European Urology (1993)
Time-Varying Outcomes With the Absorb Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold During 5-Year Follow-up
Authors: Gregg W. Stone, Takeshi Kimura, Runlin Gao, Dean J. Kereiakes, Stephen G. Ellis, Yoshinobu Onuma, Bernard Chevalier, Charles Simonton, Ovidiu Dressler, Aaron Crowley, Ziad A. Ali, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2019)

Bioresorbable scaffolds were designed to provide clinical benefits after their complete bioresorption. Prior studies demonstrated early risks with the Absorb polymeric bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS). Whether this risk profile changes over time during the course of its bioresorption is unknown.To examine outcomes of the first-generation BVS before and after 3 years, the point of its complete bioresorption in animals.We searched MEDLINE and the Cochrane database, conference proceedings, and public websites for relevant studies.Eligible studies were randomized clinical trials of BVS vs metallic drug-eluting stents in patients with coronary artery disease with at least 5-year follow-up. Four trials of BVS vs everolimus-eluting stents (EES) with 3384 patients met criteria.Individual patient data from the 4 trials were pooled, and summary-level meta-analysis was performed.The major effectiveness and safety measures were target lesion failure (TLF; cardiac death, target vessel-related myocardial infarction, or ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization) and device thrombosis. Outcomes were examined through 5-year follow-up and between 0 to 3 and 3 to 5 years.Mean age for the 3384 patients was 62.8 years; 2452 patients were men (72.5%), and diabetes was present in 1020 patients (30.2%). Through 5-year follow-up, treatment with BVS compared with EES was associated with higher rates of TLF (14.9% vs 11.6%; HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.03-1.54; P = .03) and device thrombosis (2.5% vs 0.8%; HR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.46-5.65; P = .002). Target lesion failure occurred in 11.6% of BVS-treated patients vs 7.9% of EES-treated patients between 0 to 3 years (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.12-1.80), and 4.3% of BVS-treated patients vs 4.5% of EES-treated patients between 3 to 5 years (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.64-1.31) (P for interaction = .046). Device thrombosis occurred in 2.4% of BVS-treated patients vs 0.6% of EES-treated patients between 0 to 3 years (HR, 3.86; 95% CI, 1.75-8.50) and 0.1% of BVS-treated patients vs 0.3% of EES-treated patients between 3 to 5 years (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.07-2.70) (P for interaction = .03). These results were consistent by spline analysis and after multiple imputation and multivariable analysis.The period of excess risk for the first-generation Absorb BVS ends at 3 years. These data provide mechanistic insights into the timing of adverse events after BVS and identify the hurdles to be overcome for bioresorbable technology to be accepted as a valid alternative for patients with coronary artery disease.ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT01751906, NCT01844284, NCT01923740, and NCT01425281.
TCT-190 Long-Term Outcome of Magnesium BRS Implantation in ACS
Authors: Magdalena Lanocha, Adrian Wlodarczak, Marek Szudrowicz, Artur Jastrzebski, MAciej Pecherzewski, Andrzej Korda, Maciej Lesiak
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Outcomes for Surgery in Large Cell Lung Neuroendocrine Cancer
Authors: Vignesh Raman, Oliver K. Jawitz, Chi-Fu J. Yang, Soraya L. Voigt, Betty C. Tong, Thomas A. D’Amico, David H. Harpole
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)

IntroductionThere are limited small, single-institution observational studies examining the role of surgery in large cell neuroendocrine cancer (LCNEC). We investigated the outcomes of surgery for stage I to IIIA LCNEC by using the National Cancer Database.MethodsPatients with stage I to IIIA LCNEC were identified in the National Cancer Database (2004–2015) and grouped by treatment: definitive chemoradiation versus surgery. Overall survival, by stage, was the primary outcome. Outcomes of surgical patients were also compared with those of patients with SCLC or other non–small cell histotypes.ResultsA total of 6092 patients met the criteria: 96%, 94%, 75%, and 62% of patients received an operation for stage I, II, IIIA, and cN2 disease, respectively. Complete resection was achieved in at least 85% of patients. The 5-year survival rates for patients undergoing an operation for stage I and II LCNEC were 50% and 45%, respectively. Surgical patients with stage IIIA and N2 disease had 36% and 32% 5-year survival rates, respectively. When compared with stereotactic body radiation in stage I disease and chemoradiation in patients with stage II to IIIA disease, surgery was associated with a survival benefit. Patients with LCNEC who underwent an operation generally experienced worse survival by stage than did those with adenocarcinoma but experienced improved survival compared with patients with SCLC. Perioperative chemotherapy was associated with improved survival for pathologic stage II to IIIA disease.ConclusionsSurgery is associated with reasonable outcomes for stage I to IIA LCNEC, although survival is generally worse than for adenocarcinoma. Surgery should be offered to medically fit patients with both early and locally advanced LCNEC, with guideline-concordant induction or adjuvant therapy.
A comparison of deep learning performance against health-care professionals in detecting diseases from medical imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xiaoxuan Liu, Livia Faes, Aditya U Kale, Siegfried K Wagner, Dun Jack Fu, Alice Bruynseels, Thushika Mahendiran, Gabriella Moraes, Mohith Shamdas, Christoph Kern, Joseph R Ledsam, Martin K Schmid, Konstantinos Balaskas, Eric J Topol, Lucas M Bachmann, Pearse A Keane, Alastair K Denniston
Journal: The Lancet Digital Health (2019)

Deep learning offers considerable promise for medical diagnostics. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of deep learning algorithms versus health-care professionals in classifying diseases using medical imaging.In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched Ovid-MEDLINE, Embase, Science Citation Index, and Conference Proceedings Citation Index for studies published from Jan 1, 2012, to June 6, 2019. Studies comparing the diagnostic performance of deep learning models and health-care professionals based on medical imaging, for any disease, were included. We excluded studies that used medical waveform data graphics material or investigated the accuracy of image segmentation rather than disease classification. We extracted binary diagnostic accuracy data and constructed contingency tables to derive the outcomes of interest: sensitivity and specificity. Studies undertaking an out-of-sample external validation were included in a meta-analysis, using a unified hierarchical model. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42018091176.Our search identified 31 587 studies, of which 82 (describing 147 patient cohorts) were included. 69 studies provided enough data to construct contingency tables, enabling calculation of test accuracy, with sensitivity ranging from 9·7% to 100·0% (mean 79·1%, SD 0·2) and specificity ranging from 38·9% to 100·0% (mean 88·3%, SD 0·1). An out-of-sample external validation was done in 25 studies, of which 14 made the comparison between deep learning models and health-care professionals in the same sample. Comparison of the performance between health-care professionals in these 14 studies, when restricting the analysis to the contingency table for each study reporting the highest accuracy, found a pooled sensitivity of 87·0% (95% CI 83·0-90·2) for deep learning models and 86·4% (79·9-91·0) for health-care professionals, and a pooled specificity of 92·5% (95% CI 85·1-96·4) for deep learning models and 90·5% (80·6-95·7) for health-care professionals.Our review found the diagnostic performance of deep learning models to be equivalent to that of health-care professionals. However, a major finding of the review is that few studies presented externally validated results or compared the performance of deep learning models and health-care professionals using the same sample. Additionally, poor reporting is prevalent in deep learning studies, which limits reliable interpretation of the reported diagnostic accuracy. New reporting standards that address specific challenges of deep learning could improve future studies, enabling greater confidence in the results of future evaluations of this promising technology.None.
Genome-Wide CRISPR-Cas9 Screen Reveals Selective Vulnerability of <i>ATRX</i>-Mutant Cancers to WEE1 Inhibition
Authors: Junbo Liang, Hong Zhao, Bill H. Diplas, Song Liu, Jianmei Liu, Dingding Wang, Yan Lu, Qing Zhu, Jiayu Wu, Wenjia Wang, Hai Yan, Yi-Xin Zeng, Xiaoyue Wang, Yuchen Jiao
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract The tumor suppressor gene ATRX is frequently mutated in a variety of tumors including gliomas and liver cancers, which are highly unresponsive to current therapies. Here, we performed a genome-wide synthetic lethal screen, using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, to identify potential therapeutic targets specific for ATRX-mutated cancers. In isogenic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines engineered for ATRX loss, we identified 58 genes, including the checkpoint kinase WEE1, uniquely required for the cell growth of ATRX null cells. Treatment with the WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 robustly inhibited the growth of several ATRX-deficient HCC cell lines in vitro, as well as xenografts in vivo. The increased sensitivity to the WEE1 inhibitor was caused by accumulated DNA damage–induced apoptosis. AZD1775 also selectively inhibited the proliferation of patient-derived primary cell lines from gliomas with naturally occurring ATRX mutations, indicating that the synthetic lethal relationship between WEE1 and ATRX could be exploited in a broader spectrum of human tumors. As WEE1 inhibitors have been investigated in several phase II clinical trials, our discovery provides the basis for an easily clinically testable therapeutic strategy specific for cancers deficient in ATRX. Significance: ATRX-mutant cancer cells depend on WEE1, which provides a basis for therapeutically targeting WEE1 in ATRX-deficient cancers. See related commentary by Cole, p. 375
Restaging [18F] fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan in recurrent cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: Diagnostic performance and prognostic significance
Authors: Sonia Mahajan, Christopher A. Barker, Audrey Mauguen, Bhuvanesh Singh, Neeta Pandit-Taskar
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2019)
Prevention, Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Chronic Kidney Disease: Synopsis of the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes 2018 Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Craig E. Gordon, Marina C. Berenguer, Wahid Doss, Fabrizio Fabrizi, Jacques Izopet, Vivekanand Jha, Nassim Kamar, Bertram L. Kasiske, Ching-Lung Lai, José M. Morales, Priti R. Patel, Stanislas Pol, Marcelo O. Silva, Ethan M. Balk, Amy Earley, Mengyang Di, Michael Cheung, Michel Jadoul, Paul Martin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

This article has been corrected. The original version (PDF) is appended to this article as a Supplement. Description: The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2018 clinical practice guideline for the prevention, diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an extensive update of KDIGO's 2008 guideline on HCV infection in CKD. This update reflects the major advances since the introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in the management of HCV infection in the CKD population. Methods: The KDIGO work group tasked with developing the HCV and CKD guideline defined the scope of the guideline, gathered evidence, determined topics for systematic review, and graded the quality of evidence previously summarized by the evidence review team. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach was used to appraise the quality of evidence and rate the strength of the recommendations. Searches of the English-language literature were conducted through May 2017 and were supplemented with targeted searches for studies of DAA treatment and with abstracts from nephrology, hepatology, and transplantation conferences. A review process involving many stakeholders, subject matter experts, and industry and national organizations informed the guideline's final modification. Recommendation: The updated guideline comprises 66 recommendations. This synopsis focuses on 32 key recommendations pertinent to the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of HCV infection in adult CKD populations.
Cardiac-mimetic cell-culture system for direct cardiac reprogramming
Authors: Seuk Young Song, Jin Yoo, Seokhyeong Go, Jihye Hong, Hee Su Sohn, Ju-Ro Lee, Mikyung Kang, Gun-Jae Jeong, Seungmi Ryu, Seung Hyun L. Kim, Nathaniel S. Hwang, Kookheon Char, Byung-Soo Kim
Journal: Theranostics (2019)

Rationale: Cardiovascular diseases often cause substantial heart damage and even heart failure due to the limited regenerative capacity of adult cardiomyocytes.The direct cardiac reprogramming of fibroblasts could be a promising therapeutic option for these patients.Although exogenous transcriptional factors can induce direct cardiac reprogramming, the reprogramming efficiency is too low to be used clinically.Herein, we introduce a cardiac-mimetic cell-culture system that resembles the microenvironment in the heart and provides interactions with cardiomyocytes and electrical cues to the cultured fibroblasts for direct cardiac reprogramming.Methods: Nano-thin and nano-porous membranes and heart like electric stimulus were used in the cardiac-mimetic cell-culture system.The human neonatal dermal fibroblasts containing cardiac transcription factors were plated on the membrane and cultured with the murine cardiomyocyte in the presence of the electric stimulus.The reprogramming efficiency was evaluated by qRT-PCR and immunocytochemistry.Results: Nano-thin and nano-porous membranes in the culture system facilitated interactions between fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes in coculture.The cellular interactions and electric stimulation supplied by the culture system dramatically enhanced the cardiac reprogramming efficiency of cardiac-specific transcriptional factor-transfected fibroblasts. Conclusion:The cardiac-mimetic culture system may serve as an effective tool for producing a feasible number of reprogrammed cardiomyocytes from fibroblasts.
TCT-511 Baseline Risk and Timing of Invasive Strategy for 137,265 Patients Presenting With Non–ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction: Level of Compliance With International Guidelines
Authors: Muhammad Rashid, Nick Curzen, Tim Kinnaird, Phyo Myint, Evan Kontopantelis, Mohamed Mohamed, Ahmad Shoaib, Chun Shing Kwok, Christopher Gale, Adam Timmis, Mamas Mamas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Natural Does Not Mean Safe—The Dirt on Clean Beauty Products
Authors: Courtney Blair Rubin, Bruce Brod
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2019)

Clean beauty, also known as natural skin care, is having a moment.From 2017 to 2018, the natural skin care market grew by 23% to 1.6 billion dollars, accounting for over 25% of the 5.6 billion dollars of annual skin care sales in 2018. 1 Staunch warnings from influencers such as Gwyneth Paltrow, whose blog Goop warns readers "Do you want antifreeze (propylene glycol) in your moisturizer?We're going to guess no," 2 have ignited fear in consumers who are now hungry for skincare that is safe and nontoxic.However, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has failed to define clean and natural, leaving these labels open to interpretation by nondermatologist retailers, bloggers, and celebrities who have set out to define clean beauty for themselves.While the clean beauty movement has demonized hundreds of compounds, in this Viewpoint, we argue that an arbitrary designation of clean or natural does not necessarily make products safer for consumers.Many of the ingredients that have been denounced by clean beauty evangelists seem to be selected haphazardly as companies attempt to "greenwash" their products to make them more attractive to conscientious shoppers.In July 2018, for example, Whole Foods released its updated list of unacceptable ingredients, which lists over 400 compounds they feel are unfit for their line of premium body care. 3Their list of banned ingredients includes petrolatum, which dermatologists have consistently recommended to patients with skin barrier disruption owing to its nonallergenicity, superior qualities as a humectant, and economical cost that makes it accessible to patients of all backgrounds.The Campaign for Safe Cosmetics advocates for consumers to avoid a multitude of ingredients including parabens, 4 which the American Contact Dermatitis Society named 2019 nonallergen of the year. 5Parabens are some of the least allergenic preservatives available, with rates of contact sensitization between 0.5% to 1.4%-rates that have been stable since the 1990s. 6The Environmental Working Group's (EWG) safe skin database warns consumers against exposure to chemical sunscreen ingredients, 7 though a recent editorial in JAMA 8 explains that although there is evidence of systemic absorption of sunscreen ingredients, we do not yet have data to link this systemic absorption with toxic or adverse effects, and that sunscreens remain critical in our defense against keratinocytic skin cancers.Additionally, many so-called natural products contain high concentrations of botanical extracts that are a leading cause of both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis and photosensitization. 9In a study done by the University of
TCT-97 Subintimal Versus Intraplaque Recanalization of Coronary Chronic Total Occlusions Mid-Term Angiographic and Optical Coherence Tomography Findings from the ISAR-OCT-CTO Registry
Authors: Erion Xhepa, Salvatore Cassese, Andi Rroku, Michael Joner, Susanne Pinieck, Gjin Ndrepepa, Adnan Kastrati, Massimiliano Fusaro
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Prospective Study of an Antifungal Program to Reduce Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Receiving Induction and Re-Induction Chemotherapy
Authors: Amy Morris, Mohammed Athar Naeem, Anjali Bal, Torey Murray, Tanya Thomas, Kathlene DeGregory, Jessica Lewis, Michael Keng
Journal: Blood (2017)
Comprehensive Genomic Profiling (CGP) Informs Molecular Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Decision-Making for Patients with Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma (AITL)
Authors: Samantha Morley, Jie He, Andrew M Intlekofer, Mark Bailey, Michelle Nahas, Andreas Heilmann, Yakov Chudnovsky, David Fabrizio, Siraj M Ali, Doron Lipson, Philip J Stephens, Jeffrey S Ross, Vincent A Miller, Eric A Severson, Jo-Anne Vergilio, Omar Abdel-Wahab, Rachel Erlich, Tariq I Mughal
Journal: Blood (2017)
Abstract 11701: Ultra-High Dose Infusions of Loop Diuretics Are Effective and Safe in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Bipin Sunkara, Michael P Dorsch, John M Nicklas
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: The vast majority of patients (pts) hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) require intravenous loop diuretics to relieve congestion, but pts with concomitant chron...
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Insija Ilyas Selene, Jemin Aby Jose, Muhammad Sardar, Zunairah Shah, Madeeha Shafqat, Warda Faridi, Mustafa Nadeem Malik, Muhammad Yasir, Muhammad Jahanzeb Khalil, Shehroz Aslam, Anum Qureshi, Shamudeen Rafiyath, Faiz Anwer
Journal: Blood (2018)
TCT-174 Overexpansion of Thin-Strut BRS an a Lesion Model: In Vitro Insights on Recoil and Mechanical Integrity
Authors: Shengjie Lu, Jaryl Ng, Daniel Toong, Ying Ying Huang, Nial Bullett, Naveed Ahmed, Kadem Al-Lamee, Valeria Paradies, Nicolas Foin, Hui Ying Ang, Hwa Liang Leo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)