tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Management of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis during the COVID‐19 pandemic—An EAACI position paper
Authors: Ludger Klimek, Marek Jutel, Jean Bousquet, Ioana Agache, Cezmi A. Akdis, Valerie Hox, Philippe Gevaert, Peter Valentin Tomazic, Carmen Rondon, Cemal Cingi, Sanna Toppila‐Salmi, Aspasia Karavelia, Banu Bozkurt, Ulrike Förster‐Ruhrmann, Sven Becker, Adam M. Chaker, Barbara Wollenberg, Ralph Mösges, Tilman Huppertz, Jan Hagemann, Claus Bachert, Wytske Fokkens
Journal: Allergy (2020)

Abstract Background Chronic rhinosinusitis is regarded as a chronic airway disease. According to WHO recommendations, it may be a risk factor for COVID‐19 patients. In most CRSwNP cases, the inflammatory changes affecting the nasal and paranasal mucous membranes are type‐2 (T2) inflammation endotypes. Methods The current knowledge on COVID‐19 and on treatment options for CRS was analyzed by a literature search in Medline, Pubmed, international guidelines, the Cochrane Library and the Internet. Results Based on international literature, on current recommendations by WHO and other international organizations as well as on previous experience, a panel of experts from EAACI and ARIA provided recommendations for the treatment of CRS during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Conclusion Intranasal corticosteroids remain the standard treatment for CRS in patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Surgical treatments should be reduced to a minimum and surgery preserved for patients with local complications and for those with no other treatment options. Systemic corticosteroids should be avoided. Treatment with biologics can be continued with careful monitoring in noninfected patients and should be temporarily interrupted during the course of the COVID‐19 infection.
Coverage, Formulary Restrictions, and Out-of-Pocket Costs for Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists in the Medicare Part D Program
Authors: Jing Luo, Robert Feldman, Scott D. Rothenberger, Inmaculada Hernandez, Walid F. Gellad
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

This cross-sectional study assesses drug coverage, formulary restrictions, median retail prices, and annual out-of-pocket costs associated with commonly used insulin products across Medicare Part D plans.
Pregnancy and Fetal Outcomes Following Exposure to Modafinil and Armodafinil During Pregnancy
Authors: Sigal Kaplan, Debra L. Braverman, Ilana Frishman, Netta Bartov
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

Pregnancy and Fetal Outcomes Following Exposure to Modafinil and Armodafinil During PregnancyAlthough results of animal studies have shown reproductive toxic effects with use of modafinil and armodafinil, data on exposure during pregnancy in humans are limited. 1,2 The US Provigil/Nuvigil Pregnancy Registry, a postmarketing requirement with data annually reported to the US Food and Drug Administration, was established to evaluate pregnancy and fetal outcomes in individuals who could become pregnant and received these drugs during pregnancy.This report provides results from cumulative data as of February 2019. Methods |The US Provigil/Nuvigil Pregnancy Registry is part of an ongoing, prospective cohort study established in February 2010.Enrollment in the registry is open on a voluntary basis to any individual exposed to modafinil and/or armodafinil within 6 weeks prior to conception or during pregnancy.Those wishing to participate are required to provide informed consent and the contact information of their clinician, and must agree to be contacted periodically.The registry is posted on relevant websites, including FDA.gov and ClinicalTrials.gov,as well as on product labeling, which specifies a toll-free telephone number to the registry.Outreach efforts for patient recruitment included direct mail to health care professionals.This study was approved by Advarra Institutional Review Board.A pregnancy was classified as prospective if enrollment occurred before knowledge of the pregnancy outcome or detection of a congenital malformation at a prenatal test.A preg-nancy was classified as retrospective if enrollment occurred after knowledge of the pregnancy outcome or congenital malformation at a prenatal test.Pregnancy and fetal outcomes were adjudicated by an independent registry advisory committee.The primary end point was major congenital malformations (MCMs) using the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program classification.Additional pregnancy outcomes included spontaneous abortion (<20 weeks' gestation), elective pregnancy termination, and fetal death (≥20 weeks' gestation).
Differential Relation between Neuronal and Behavioral Discrimination during Hippocampal Memory Encoding
Authors: Manuela Allegra, Lorenzo Posani, Ruy Gómez-Ocádiz, Christoph Schmidt-Hieber
Journal: Neuron (2020)

How are distinct memories formed and used for behavior? To relate neuronal and behavioral discrimination during memory formation, we use in vivo 2-photon Ca
Long covid could be four different syndromes, review suggests
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Long covid could be four different syndromes, review suggests Elisabeth MahaseLong covid, the name commonly used to explain lasting effects of covid-19, may actually be four different syndromes, according to a review by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). 1 A team of researchers and doctors reviewed current evidence and interviewed post-hospitalised and non-hospitalised patients and reported that long covid did not seem to fit as one syndrome.They suggested that people experiencing long term effects of covid-19 may have different syndromes such as post-intensive care syndrome, post-viral fatigue syndrome, and long term covid syndrome.1
Virtual Standardized Patients vs Academic Training for Learning Motivational Interviewing Skills in the US Department of Veterans Affairs and the US Military
Authors: Greg M. Reger, Aaron M. Norr, Albert “Skip” Rizzo, Patrick Sylvers, Jessica Peltan, Daniel Fischer, Matthew Trimmer, Shelan Porter, Pamela Gant, John S. Baer
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Despite the need for effective and scalable training in motivational interviewing (MI) that includes posttraining coaching and feedback, limited evidence exists regarding the effectiveness of using virtual (computerized) standardized patients (VSPs) in such training.To evaluate the efficacy of training with a VSP on the acquisition and maintenance of MI skills compared with traditional academic study.This study was a 2-group, parallel-training randomized trial of 120 volunteer health care professionals recruited from a Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense medical facility. Motivational interviewing skill was coded by external experts blinded to training group and skill assessment time points. Data were collected from October 17, 2016, to August 12, 2019.After a computer course on MI, participants trained during two 45-minute sessions separated by 3 months. The 2 randomized training conditions included a branching storyline VSP, which provided MI skill rehearsal with immediate and summative feedback, and a control condition, which included academic study of content from the computerized MI course.Measurement of MI skill was based on recorded conversations with human standardized patients, assessed using the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity 4.2.1 coding system, measured at baseline, after training, and after additional training in the randomized condition 3 months later.A total of 120 volunteers (83 [69%] women), with a mean (SD) of 13.6 (10.3) years of health care experience, participated in the study; 61 were randomized to receive the intervention, and 59 were randomized to the control group. Those assigned to VSP training had significantly greater posttraining improvement in technical global scores (0.23; 95% CI, 0.03-0.44; P = .02), relational global scores (0.57; 95% CI, 0.33-0.81; P = .001), and the reflection-to-question ratio (0.23; 95% CI, 0.15-0.31; P = .001). Differences were maintained after the 3-month additional training session, with more improvements achieved after the 3-month training for the VSP trainees on the reflection-to- question ratio (0.15; 95% CI, 0.07-0.24; P = .001).This randomized trial demonstrated a successful transfer of training from a VSP to human standardized patients. The VSP MI skill outcomes were better than those achieved with academic study and were maintained over time. Virtual standardized patients have the potential to facilitate dissemination of MI and may be useful for training in other evidence-based skills and treatments.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04558060.
Intravascular Lithotripsy for Treatment of Severely Calcified Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Jonathan M. Hill, Dean J. Kereiakes, Richard A. Shlofmitz, Andrew J. Klein, Robert F. Riley, Matthew J. Price, Howard C. Herrmann, William Bachinsky, Ron Waksman, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
SAT0462 ASSESSMENT OF BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
Authors: C. Daldoul, N. El Amri, K. Baccouche, H. Zeglaoui, E. Bouajina
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), is considered as a risk factor of low bone mineral density (BMD). In fact, the prevalence of osteoporosis ranges from 17% to 41% in IBD patients. The possible contributing factors may include malabsorption, glucocorticoid treatment and coexisting comorbidities Objectives: The purpose of our work was to determine the frequency and the determinants of osteoporosis in patients with IBD and to assess whether there is a difference in BMD status between UC and CD. Methods: This is a retrospective study, over a period of 5 years (from January 2014 to December 2018) and including patients followed for IBD who had a measurement of BMD by DEXA. Clinical, anthropometric and densitometric data (BMD at the femoral and vertebral site) were recorded. The WHO criteria for the definition of osteoporosis and osteopenia were applied. Results: One hundred and five patients were collected; among them 45 were men and 60 were women. The average age was 45.89 years old. The average body mass index (BMI) was 25.81 kg/m2 [16.44-44.15]. CD and UC were diagnosed in respectively 57.1% and 42.9%. A personal history of fragility fracture was noted in 4.8%. Hypothyroidism was associated in one case. Early menopause was recorded in 7.6%. 46.8% patients were treated with corticosteroids. The mean BMD at the vertebral site was 1.023 g/cm3 [0.569-1.489 g/cm3]. Mean BMD at the femoral site was 0.920g/cm3 [0.553-1.286g / cm3]. The mean T-score at the femoral site and the vertebral site were -1.04 SD and -1.27 SD, respectively. Osteoporosis was found in 25.7% and osteopenia in 37.1%. Osteoporosis among CD and UC patients was found in respectively 63% and 37%. The age of the osteoporotic patients was significantly higher compared to those who were not osteoporotic (52.23 vs 43.67 years, p = 0.01). We found a significantly higher percentage of osteoporosis among men compared to women (35.6% vs 18.3%, p=0.046). The BMI was significantly lower in the osteoporotic patients (23.87 vs 26.48 kg/m2, p=0.035) and we found a significant correlation between BMI and BMD at the femoral site (p=0.01). No increase in the frequency of osteoporosis was noted in patients treated with corticosteroids (27.9% vs 21.6%, p=0.479). Comparing the UC and CD patients, no difference was found in baseline characteristics, use of steroids or history of fracture. No statistically significant difference was found between UC and CD patients for osteoporosis(p=0.478), BMD at the femoral site (p=0.529) and at the vertebral site (p=0.568). Conclusion: Osteoporosis was found in 25.7% of IBD patients without any difference between CD and UC. This decline does not seem to be related to the treatment with corticosteroids but rather to the disease itself. Hence the interest of an early screening of this silent disease. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Abstract 14672: Clinical Implications of Device Setting Changes During Elective Replacement Indicator in Patients With Dual Chamber Pacemakers
Authors: Kari A Phillips, Shiva Ponamgi, Benjamin Mundell, Mykhaylo Krushelnytskyy, Zhuo Li, Robert Rea, Abhishek Deshmukh, Christopher McLeod, Raul E Espinosa, Michael Osborn, Paul A Friedman, Siva K Mulpuri, Yong-Mei Cha, Lori B Neutzling, Thomas Munger, Krishna Kancharla, Samuel J Asirvatham
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Dual chamber pacing with AV synchrony is better than ventricular only pacing for the incidence of heart failure exacerbation and pacemaker syndrome. When pacemakers near the end of li...
69TiP A pilot study of combined biomarker-based treatment strategies in patients with recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix: RAIDS molecular targets trial for cervical cancer
Authors: D. Bello Roufai, A. Sadozye, R.M. Glasspool, S. Limaye, A. Mandic, M. Popovic, N. Ottevanger, P. Roxburgh, F. Lecuru, L. Larbi Cherif, M. Kamal, C. Le Tourneau, R. Rouzier, S. Scholl
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
COVID-19 in New Zealand and the impact of the national response: a descriptive epidemiological study
Authors: Sarah Jefferies, Nigel French, Charlotte Gilkison, Giles Graham, Virginia Hope, Jonathan Marshall, Caroline McElnay, Andrea McNeill, Petra Muellner, Shevaun Paine, Namrata Prasad, Julia Scott, Jillian Sherwood, Liang Yang, Patricia Priest
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2020)
The phytochemical, biological, and medicinal attributes of phytoecdysteroids: An updated review
Authors: Niranjan Das, Siddhartha Kumar Mishra, Anusha Bishayee, Eunüs S. Ali, Anupam Bishayee
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2020)

The phytoecdysteroids (PEs) comprise a large group of biologically-active plant steroids, which have structures similar to those of insect-molting hormones. PEs are distributed in plants as secondary metabolites that offer protection against phytophagus (plant-eating) insects. When insects consume the plants containing these chemicals, they promptly molt and undergo metabolic destruction; the insects eventually die. Chemically, ecdysteroids are a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids that are structurally similar to androgens. The carbon skeleton of ecdysteroids is termed as cyclopentanoperhydro-phenanthrene with a β-side chain at carbon-17. The essential characteristics of ecdysteroids are a cis-(5β-H) junction of rings A and B, a 7-en-6-one chromophore, and a trans-(14α-OH) junction of rings C and D. Plants only synthesize PEs from mevalonic acid in the mevalonate pathway of the plant cell using acetyl-CoA as a precursor; the most common PE is 20-hydroxyecdysone. So far, over 400 PEs have been identified and reported, and a compilation of 166 PEs originating from 1998 has been previously reviewed. In the present review, we have summarized 212 new PEs reported between 1999 and 2019. We have also critically analyzed the biological, pharmacological, and medicinal properties of PEs to understand the full impact of these phytoconstituents in health and disease.
Developmental patterns in the nasopharyngeal microbiome during infancy are associated with asthma risk
Authors: Howard H.F. Tang, Anna Lang, Shu Mei Teo, Louise M. Judd, Ronald Gangnon, Michael D. Evans, Kristine E. Lee, Rose Vrtis, Patrick G. Holt, Robert F. Lemanske, Daniel J. Jackson, Kathryn E. Holt, Michael Inouye, James E. Gern
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2020)
Prevention, recognition, and management of adverse events associated with gemtuzumab ozogamicin use in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Jorge E. Cortes, Marcos de Lima, Hervé Dombret, Elihu H. Estey, Sergio A. Giralt, Pau Montesinos, Christoph Röllig, Adriano Venditti, Eunice S. Wang
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2020)

Abstract Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO), a humanized anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody conjugated to the cytotoxic antibiotic agent calicheamicin, is approved for the treatment of newly-diagnosed CD33 + AML in adults and children ≥ 1 month old, and relapsed or refractory CD33 + AML in adults and children ≥ 2 years old. GO treatment has been associated with an increased risk of hepatotoxicity and hepatic veno-occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (VOD/SOS), especially following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Other non-specific serious adverse events (SAEs) associated with GO treatment are myelosuppression, bleeding/thrombocytopenia, infusion-related reaction, and tumor lysis syndrome. This report summarizes an expert panel of physicians’ recommendations for the evaluation and management of SAEs following GO, emphasizing the prevention and management of VOD/SOS.
Tonsillar Metastasis From Colon Cancer Detected on 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Yaser M. Baghdadi, Ana Y. Valdivia
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract A 54-year-old woman with smoking history who was diagnosed with invasive adenocarcinoma of the rectosigmoid colon with subsequent surgical resection and chemotherapy was presented. The patient developed local recurrence and pulmonary metastases that required further chemotherapy and surgical resection. During follow-up, the patient had 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan showing asymmetric hypermetabolic tonsils with activity greater on the right compared with the left. The patient underwent bilateral tonsillectomy, and pathology revealed moderately to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in the right tonsil, consistent with metastasis from known colonic primary.
Estimating the infection-fatality risk of SARS-CoV-2 in New York City during the spring 2020 pandemic wave: a model-based analysis
Authors: Wan Yang, Sasikiran Kandula, Mary Huynh, Sharon K Greene, Gretchen Van Wye, Wenhui Li, Hiu Tai Chan, Emily McGibbon, Alice Yeung, Don Olson, Anne Fine, Jeffrey Shaman
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2020)
Etiology of Peri-Operative Myocardial Infarction/Injury After Noncardiac Surgery and Associated Outcome
Authors: Christian Puelacher, Danielle M. Gualandro, Giovanna Lurati Buse, Daniel Bolliger, Stella Marbot, Christoph Kindler, Angelika Hammerer-Lercher, Lorenz Gürke, Luzius Steiner, Christian Mueller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Deficiency of Histone Methyltransferase SET Domain‐Containing 2 in Liver Leads to Abnormal Lipid Metabolism and HCC
Authors: Xue‐Jing Li, Qing‐Lan Li, Lin‐Gao Ju, Chen Zhao, Lan‐Shen Zhao, Jia‐Wen Du, Yan Wang, Ling Zheng, Bao‐Liang Song, Lian‐Yun Li, Li Li, Min Wu
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

Background and Aims Trimethylation of Lys36 on histone 3 (H3K36me3) catalyzed by histone methyltransferase SET domain‐containing 2 (SETD2) is one of the most conserved epigenetic marks from yeast to mammals. SETD2 is frequently mutated in multiple cancers and acts as a tumor suppressor. Approach and Results Here, using a liver‐specific Setd2 depletion model, we found that Setd2 deficiency is sufficient to trigger spontaneous HCC. Meanwhile, Setd2 depletion significantly increased tumor and tumor size of a diethylnitrosamine‐induced HCC model. The mechanistic study showed that Setd2 suppresses HCC not only through modulating DNA damage response, but also by regulating lipid metabolism in the liver. Setd2 deficiency down‐regulated H3K36me3 enrichment and expression of cholesterol efflux genes and caused lipid accumulation. High‐fat diet enhanced lipid accumulation and promoted the development of HCC in Setd2 ‐deficient mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis further revealed that Setd2 depletion induced c‐Jun/activator protein 1 (AP‐1) activation in the liver, which was trigged by accumulated lipid. c‐Jun acts as an oncogene in HCC and functions through inhibiting p53 in Setd2 ‐deficient cells. Conclusions We revealed the roles of Setd2 in HCC and the underlying mechanisms in regulating cholesterol homeostasis and c‐Jun/AP‐1 signaling.
Sedentary Time and Metabolic Risk in Extremely Active Older Adults
Authors: Kenneth M. Madden, Boris Feldman, Jocelyn Chase
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

Increasing evidence suggests that time spent sedentary predicts increasing cardiometabolic risk independent of other physical activity. We objectively measured activity levels in active older adults and examined the association between sedentary behavior and the continuous metabolic syndrome risk score (cMSy).Older adults (age ≥65 years) were recruited from the Whistler Masters ski team, a group of active older adults who undergo organized group training. Daily activity levels were recorded with accelerometers (SenseWear) worn for 7 days. A compositional approach was used to determine proportion of the time spent sedentary as compared with all other nonsedentary behaviors (isometric log-ratio transformation for time spent sedentary [ILR1]). Waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL, systolic blood pressure, and fasting glucose were measured, and cMSy was calculated using principal component analysis (sum of eigenvalues ≥1.0).Fifty-four subjects (30 women and 24 men, mean ± SE age 71.4 ± 0.6 years) were recruited. Subjects demonstrated high levels of physical activity (2.6 ± 0.2 h light activity and 3.9 ± 0.2 h moderate/vigorous activity). In our final parsimonious model, ILR1 showed a significant positive association with increasing cMSy (standardized β = 0.368 ± 0.110, R2 = 0.40, P = 0.002), independent of age and biological sex.Despite high levels of activity, ILR1 demonstrated a strong association with cMSy. This suggests that even in active older adults, sedentary behavior is associated with increasing cardiometabolic risk.
An Integrative Gene Expression and Mathematical Flux Balance Analysis Identifies Targetable Redox Vulnerabilities in Melanoma Cells
Authors: B. Bishal Paudel, Joshua E. Lewis, Keisha N. Hardeman, Corey E. Hayford, Charles J. Robbins, Philip E. Stauffer, Simona G. Codreanu, Stacy D. Sherrod, John A. McLean, Melissa L. Kemp, Vito Quaranta
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Melanomas harboring BRAF mutations can be treated with BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi), but responses are varied and tumor recurrence is inevitable. Here we used an integrative approach of experimentation and mathematical flux balance analyses in BRAF-mutated melanoma cells to discover that elevated antioxidant capacity is linked to BRAFi sensitivity in melanoma cells. High levels of antioxidant metabolites in cells with reduced BRAFi sensitivity confirmed this conclusion. By extending our analyses to other melanoma subtypes in The Cancer Genome Atlas, we predict that elevated redox capacity is a general feature of melanomas, not previously observed. We propose that redox vulnerabilities could be exploited for therapeutic benefits and identify unsuspected combination targets to enhance the effects of BRAFi in any melanoma, regardless of mutational status. Significance: An integrative bioinformatics, flux balance analysis, and experimental approach identify targetable redox vulnerabilities and show the potential for modulation of cancer antioxidant defense to augment the benefits of existing therapies in melanoma.