tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cochrane reviewer sues Roche for claiming Tamiflu could slow flu pandemic
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

A UK epidemiologist and Cochrane Collaboration researcher is suing the drug company Roche in the US, claiming that it defrauded federal and state governments by falsely claiming that its antiviral drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu) could be a powerful tool in mitigating a flu pandemic.

Tom Jefferson, a frequent contributor to The BMJ , is suing as a private whistleblower for $1.5bn (£1.1bn; €1.4bn), roughly the amount that US public health authorities spent building up their pandemic stockpile of oseltamivir. The stockpile is still maintained today, though recent purchases have involved generic versions, as Tamiflu’s main patent expired in 2016.

Should Jefferson win, he would be awarded up to 30% of any monies recovered, while the rest would be returned to public coffers.

Jefferson’s Cochrane acute respiratory infections group was engaged by the UK government to undertake a major review of the effectiveness of oseltamivir in 2009, after an outbreak of virulent type A influenza H1N1 made headlines worldwide. …
A Disclosure Form for Work Submitted to Medical Journals — A Proposal from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors
Authors: Darren B. Taichman, Joyce Backus, Christopher Baethge, Howard Bauchner, Annette Flanagin, Fernando Florenzano, Frank A. Frizelle, Fiona Godlee, Laragh Gollogly, Abraham Haileamlak, Sung-Tae Hong, Richard Horton, Astrid James, Christine Laine, Pamela W. Miller, Anja Pinborg, Eric J. Rubin, Peush Sahni
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Proposed Changes to Disclosures from the ICMJE The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors proposes several changes to the disclosure process in a joint editorial. Feedback on the propos...
Vascularized Biomaterials to Study Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Katharine R. Bittner, Juan M. Jiménez, Shelly R. Peyton
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Cancer metastasis, the spread of cancer cells to distant organs, is responsible for 90% of cancer‐related deaths. Cancer cells need to enter and exit circulation in order to form metastases, and the vasculature and endothelial cells are key regulators of this process. While vascularized 3D in vitro systems have been developed, few have been used to study cancer, and many lack key features of vessels that are necessary to study metastasis. This review focuses on current methods of vascularizing biomaterials for the study of cancer, and three main factors that regulate intravasation and extravasation: endothelial cell heterogeneity, hemodynamics, and the extracellular matrix of the perivascular niche.
Silencing c-Myc Translation As a Therapeutic Strategy through Targeting PI3K Delta and CK1 Epsilon in Hematological Malignancies
Authors: Changchun Deng, Mark Lipstein, Luigi Scotto, Xavier O Jirau Serrano, Michael Mangone, Shirong Li, Jeremie Vendome, Yun Hao, Xiaoming Xu, Xiaoping Liu, Ipsita Pal, Shi-Xian Deng, Nicholas P. Tatonetti, Suzanne Lentzsch, Barry Honig, Donald Landry, Owen A. O'Connor
Journal: Blood (2016)
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome After 90Y-Resin Microspheres Radioembolization
Authors: Marcus Unterrainer, Andrei Todica, Max Seidensticker, Leonie Beyer, Peter Bartenstein, Jens Ricke, Harun Ilhan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Abstract A 66-year-old man with colorectal carcinoma and liver-only metastases underwent radioembolization using 90 Y-loaded, resin-based microspheres. One day after radioembolization, the patient experienced severe hypertension and multiple seizures. On MRI, symmetric edematous areas in the cerebellum and the parietal and occipital lobe were observed, a typical finding for posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). The PRES is associated with, for example, renal failure or blood pressure fluctuations leading to cerebral endothelial dysfunction. Antihypertensive and antiepileptic therapies led to normotensive blood pressure and neurological remission. Therefore, newly developed neurological symptoms accompanied by high blood pressure fluctuations after radioembolization should lead to PRES as differential diagnosis.
Effect of Therapy on Radiographic Progression in Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Paras Karmacharya, Ali Duarte‐Garcia, Maureen Dubreuil, M. Hassan Murad, Ravi Shahukhal, Pragya Shrestha, Elena Myasoedova, Cynthia S. Crowson, Kerry Wright, John M. Davis
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2020)

To investigate the effect of therapies on radiographic progression in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA).
Response to Comment on Nauck et al. Effects of Liraglutide Compared With Placebo on Events of Acute Gallbladder or Biliary Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes at High Risk for Cardiovascular Events in the LEADER Randomized Trial. Diabetes Care 2019;42:1912–1920
Authors: Michael A. Nauck, Eskil Kreiner, Søren Rasmussen, Hans A. Saevereid, John B. Buse
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

Skelin et al. (1) have raised an important issue about competing risk in time-to-event analyses of acute gallbladder or biliary disease in the Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results (LEADER) trial (2). We thank them for the opportunity to discuss the data in the light of competing risk from a lower frequency of all-cause death with liraglutide compared with placebo in LEADER (3).

As reported previously, when analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model, the hazard ratio (HR) for gallbladder- or biliary tract–related events with liraglutide compared with placebo was 1.60 (95% CI 1.23, 2.09) (2). In this analysis, patients were censored at time of death. Therefore, while this was not presented as a competing risk analysis, its results are equal to the cause-specific HR for these events. The HRs reported previously for the four categories of gallbladder- or biliary tract–related events (uncomplicated gallbladder stones, complicated gallbladder stones, cholecystitis, and biliary obstruction) (2) are also equal to the cause-specific HRs …
A20 Estrogen Metabolism in Patients with EGFR-Mutated and ALK-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: J.N. Bodor, J. Treat, D.D. Krzizike, C.L. Zawislak, L. Vanderveer, M. Yulis, A. Chau, E.A. Ross, A.J. Andrews, M.L. Clapper
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2020)
Clinical Characteristics and Medical Management of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis
Authors: Alexa B. Steuer, Marleigh J. Stern, Gabriela Cobos, Carmen Castilla, Kathie-Ann Joseph, Miriam K. Pomeranz, Alisa N. Femia
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2020)

This case series reports the clinical presentation and course of treatment for 32 women with biopsy-proven idiopathic granulomatous mastitis.
Sex differences in non-obstructive coronary artery disease
Authors: Nida Waheed, Suzette Elias-Smale, Waddah Malas, Angela H Maas, Tara L Sedlak, Jennifer Tremmel, Puja K Mehta
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2020)

Ischaemic heart disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both women and men. Compared with men, symptomatic women who are suspected of having myocardial ischaemia are more likely to have no obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) on coronary angiography. Coronary vasomotor disorders and coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) have been increasingly recognized as important contributors to angina and adverse outcomes in patients with no obstructive CAD. CMD from functional and structural abnormalities in the microvasculature is associated with adverse cardiac events and mortality in both sexes. Women may be particularly susceptible to vasomotor disorders and CMD due to unique factors such as inflammation, mental stress, autonomic, and neuroendocrine dysfunction, which predispose to endothelial dysfunction and CMD. CMD can be detected with coronary reactivity testing and non-invasive imaging modalities; however, it remains underdiagnosed. This review focuses on sex differences in presentation, pathophysiologic risk factors, diagnostic testing, and prognosis of CMD.
Monocytes as Potential Mediators of Pathogen‐Induced T‐Helper 17 Differentiation in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)
Authors: Lilly Kristin Kunzmann, Tanja Schoknecht, Tobias Poch, Lara Henze, Stephanie Stein, Marvin Kriz, Ilka Grewe, Max Preti, Johannes Hartl, Nadine Pannicke, Moritz Peiseler, Marcial Sebode, Roman Zenouzi, Thomas Horvatits, Marius Böttcher, Britt‐Sabina Petersen, Christina Weiler‐Normann, Leonard U. Hess, Annika Elise Ahrenstorf, Sebastian Lunemann, Gloria Martrus, Lutz Fischer, Jun Li, Antonella Carambia, Johannes Kluwe, Samuel Huber, Ansgar W. Lohse, Andre Franke, Johannes Herkel, Christoph Schramm, Dorothee Schwinge
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

T cells from patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) show a prominent interleukin (IL)-17 response upon stimulation with bacteria or fungi, yet the reasons for this dominant T-helper 17 (Th17) response in PSC are not clear. Here, we analyzed the potential role of monocytes in microbial recognition and in skewing the T-cell response toward Th17.Monocytes and T cells from blood and livers of PSC patients and controls were analyzed ex vivo and in vitro using transwell experiments with cholangiocytes. Cytokine production was measured using flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, RNA in situ hybridization, and quantitative real-time PCR. Genetic polymorphisms were obtained from ImmunoChip analysis. Following ex vivo stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate/ionomycin, PSC patients showed significantly increased numbers of IL-17A-producing peripheral blood CD4+ T cells compared to PBC patients and healthy controls, indicating increased Th17 differentiation in vivo. Upon stimulation with microbes, monocytes from PSC patients produced significantly more IL-1β and IL-6, cytokines known to drive Th17 cell differentiation. Moreover, microbe-activated monocytes induced the secretion of Th17 and monocyte-recruiting chemokines chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)-20 and CCL-2 in human primary cholangiocytes. In livers of patients with PSC cirrhosis, CD14hiCD16int and CD14loCD16hi monocytes/macrophages were increased compared to alcoholic cirrhosis, and monocytes were found to be located around bile ducts.PSC patients show increased Th17 differentiation already in vivo. Microbe-stimulated monocytes drive Th17 differentiation in vitro and induce cholangiocytes to produce chemokines mediating recruitment of Th17 cells and more monocytes into portal tracts. Taken together, these results point to a pathogenic role of monocytes in patients with PSC.
ASPI: a public–private partnership to develop treatments for autism
Authors: Seth Ness, Gahan Pandina, Shyla Jagannatha, Kyle Wathen, Abigail Bangerter, Nikolay V. Manyakov, Robert Hendren, Bennett Leventhal, Declan Murphy, Geraldine Dawson, Wayne C. Drevets, Husseini K. Manji
Journal: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (2020)
Association of Early Postdonation Renal Function With Subsequent Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease in Living Kidney Donors
Authors: Allan B. Massie, Courtenay M. Holscher, Macey L. Henderson, Lara M. Fahmy, Alvin G. Thomas, Fawaz Al Ammary, Samantha N. Getsin, Jon J. Snyder, Krista L. Lentine, Amit X. Garg, Dorry L. Segev
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

Living kidney donation is associated with increased long-term risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). An early postdonation marker of ESRD risk could improve postdonation risk assessment and counseling for kidney donors and allow early intervention for donors at increased risk.To determine the association between renal function in the first 6 months postdonation and subsequent risk of ESRD in kidney donors.This secondary analysis of a prospective national cohort uses a population-based registry of all living kidney donors in the United States between October 26, 1999, and January 1, 2018, with follow-up through December 31, 2018. All kidney donors who had donated in the date range and had serum creatinine measured at 6 months (±3 months) postdonation were included.Renal function as measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate 6 months after donation (eGFR6).End-stage renal disease, ascertained via linkage to Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services data.A total of 71 468 living kidney donors were included (of 109 065 total donors over this period). Their median (interquartile range) eGFR6 was 63 (54-74) mL/min/1.73 m2. Cumulative incidence of ESRD at 15 years postdonation ranged from 11.7 donors per 10 000 donors with eGFR6 values greater than 70 mL/min/1.73 m2 to 33.1 donors per 10 000 donors with eGFR6 values of 50 mL/min/1.73 m2 or less. Adjusting for age, race, sex, body mass index, and biological relationship, every 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 reduction in eGFR6 was associated with a 28% increased risk of ESRD (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.06-1.54]; P = .009). The association between predonation eGFR and ESRD was not significant and was fully mediated by eGFR6 (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.86-1.17]; P = .97). The postdonation eGFR value was a better marker of ESRD than eGFR decline after donation or the ratio of eGFR6 to predonation eGFR, as determined by the Akaike information criterion (in which a lower value indicates a better model fit; eGFR6, 1495.61; predonation eGFR - eGFR6, 1503.58; eGFR6 / predonation eGFR, 1502.30).In this study, there was an independent association of eGFR6 with subsequent ESRD risk in living kidney donors, even after adjusting for predonation characteristics. The findings support measurement of early postdonation serum creatinine monitoring in living kidney donors, and the use of these data to help identify donors who might need more careful surveillance and early intervention.
Real-time tentative assessment of the epidemiological characteristics of novel coronavirus infections in Wuhan, China, as at 22 January 2020
Authors: Peng Wu, Xinxin Hao, Eric H Y Lau, Jessica Y Wong, Kathy S M Leung, Joseph T Wu, Benjamin J Cowling, Gabriel M Leung
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing severe acute respiratory disease emerged recently in Wuhan, China. Information on reported cases strongly indicates human-to-human spread, and the most recent information is increasingly indicative of sustained human-to-human transmission. While the overall severity profile among cases may change as more mild cases are identified, we estimate a risk of fatality among hospitalised cases at 14% (95% confidence interval: 3.9-32%).
Very High Efficacy of Cytarabine + G-CSF Compared to Cyclophosphamide + G-CSF as Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization in Patients with Lymphoid Malignancies Referred for Autologous Transplantation
Authors: T. Kruzel, T. Czerw, M. Sadus-Wojciechowska, J. Najda, M. Glowala-Kosinska, A. Chwieduk, J. Holowiecki, S. Giebel
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Communication, Cross Talk, and Signal Integration in the Adult Hippocampal Neurogenic Niche
Authors: Cinzia Vicidomini, Nannan Guo, Amar Sahay
Journal: Neuron (2020)

Radial glia-like neural stem cells (RGLs) in the dentate gyrus subregion of the hippocampus give rise to dentate granule cells (DGCs) and astrocytes throughout life, a process referred to as adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is sensitive to experiences, suggesting that it may represent an adaptive mechanism by which hippocampal circuitry is modified in response to environmental demands. Experiential information is conveyed to RGLs, progenitors, and adult-born DGCs via the neurogenic niche that is composed of diverse cell types, extracellular matrix, and afferents. Understanding how the niche performs its functions may guide strategies to maintain its health span and provide a permissive milieu for neurogenesis. Here, we first discuss representative contributions of niche cell types to regulation of neural stem cell (NSC) homeostasis and maturation of adult-born DGCs. We then consider mechanisms by which the activity of multiple niche cell types may be coordinated to communicate signals to NSCs. Finally, we speculate how NSCs integrate niche-derived signals to govern their regulation.
Shortened Leukocyte Telomere Length Associates with an Increased Prevalence of Chronic Health Conditions among Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort
Authors: Nan Song, Zhenghong Li, Na Qin, Carrie R. Howell, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Heather L. Mulder, Michael N. Edmonson, Michael C. Rusch, Jinghui Zhang, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, Kirsten K. Ness, Zhaoming Wang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

We aimed to analyze and compare leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and age-dependent LTL attrition between childhood cancer survivors and noncancer controls, and to evaluate the associations of LTL with treatment exposures, chronic health conditions (CHC), and health behaviors among survivors.We included 2,427 survivors and 293 noncancer controls of European ancestry, drawn from the participants in St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study (SJLIFE), a retrospective hospital-based study with prospective follow-up (2007-2016). Common nonneoplastic CHCs (59 types) and subsequent malignant neoplasms (5 types) were clinically assessed. LTL was measured with whole-genome sequencing data.After adjusting for age at DNA sampling, gender, genetic risk score based on 9 SNPs known to be associated with telomere length, and eigenvectors, LTL among survivors was significantly shorter both overall [adjusted mean (AM) = 6.20 kb; SE = 0.03 kb] and across diagnoses than controls (AM = 6.69 kb; SE = 0.07 kb). Among survivors, specific treatment exposures associated with shorter LTL included chest or abdominal irradiation, glucocorticoid, and vincristine chemotherapies. Significant negative associations of LTL with 14 different CHCs, and a positive association with subsequent thyroid cancer occurring out of irradiation field were identified. Health behaviors were significantly associated with LTL among survivors aged 18 to 35 years (Ptrend = 0.03).LTL is significantly shorter among childhood cancer survivors than noncancer controls, and is associated with CHCs and health behaviors, suggesting LTL as an aging biomarker may be a potential mechanistic target for future intervention studies designed to prevent or delay onset of CHCs in childhood cancer survivors.See related commentary by Walsh, p. 2281.
Abstract 12105: Non-Heart Failure Admitting Diagnosis and Outcomes in Older Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFpEF and HFrEF)
Authors: Gauravpal Singh Gill, Awais Malik, Gregg C Fonarow, Ali Ahmed
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome and can be difficult to diagnose. A missed diagnosis during hospital admission may delay initiation of HF care. Methods: In Medicare-linked OPT...
ワーファリン投与中に腎梗塞,脾梗塞を生じた肥大型心筋症の一例 | 文献情報 | J-GLOBAL 科学技術総合リンクセンター
Authors: 加藤勝洋, 味岡正純, 青山盛彦, 植村祐介, 神原貴博, 横井健一郎, 中谷理絵, 長内宏之, 中島義仁, 浅野博, 酒井和好
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Large Idiopathic Mesenteric Necrotizing Granuloma Mimicking Metastatic Disease on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Yiyan Liu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

On restaging FDG PET/CT for an 81-year-old man with oral cavity cancer, a large FDG-avid mesenteric mass suspicious for either metastasis or second primary was incidentally noted. Surgical pathology showed necrotizing granulomatous inflammation without evidence of tumor. All stains were negative for microorganisms. An elastin stain was negative as well, which excluded an origin of damaged blood vessels or vasculitis. The patient had no prior abdominal surgery or known gastrointestinal disease. Granuloma always poses a dilemma in the interpretation of PET/CT, due to its high FDG avidity and mass-like appearance which mimics neoplastic disease.
New Insights Into the <i>APOE</i> ε4–Soccer Heading Interaction
Authors: Sarah J. Banks, Jesse Mez
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2020)

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Re: A Prospective Head-to-Head Comparison of 18F-Fluciclovine With 68Ga-PSMA-11 in Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer in PET/CT
Authors: Laura Evangelista, Matteo Sepulcri
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

∗Nuclear Medicine Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy [email protected] †Radiation Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy. Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared.