tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Newly Discovered Abnormal Glucose Tolerance in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Nitchakarn Laichuthai, Muhammad Abdul-Ghani, Mikhail Kosiborod, Wasita Warachit Parksook, Stephen J. Kerr, Ralph A. DeFronzo
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

The prevalence of unrecognized abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) and the incidence of recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) has not been systematically evaluated.The purposes of this study were to define the prevalence of newly discovered AGT and examine the risk of recurrent major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and mortality in patients with acute MI.Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant articles.Inclusion criteria included prospective studies in patients with acute MI without known history of diabetes; AGT diagnosed using fasting plasma glucose, 2-h oral glucose tolerance test, or HbA1c; and incidence of MACE and/or all-cause mortality in newly discovered AGT.Two investigators extracted the data. Pooled prevalence, incidence rate ratios, and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using random-effects models.In 19 studies (n = 41,509, median follow-up 3.1 years), prevalence of newly discovered AGT was 48.4% (95% CI 40.2-56.6). Prediabetes had a higher mortality risk than normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (HR 1.36 [95% CI 1.13-1.63], P < 0.001) and MACE (1.42 [1.20-1.68], P < 0.001). Newly diagnosed diabetes had higher mortality risk than NGT (1.74 [1.48-2.05], P < 0.001) and MACE (1.54 [1.23-1.93], P < 0.001).This is not a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Time-to-event analysis and covariate-adjusted analysis cannot be conducted to examine heterogeneity reliably. Few studies reported CV death and heart failure hospitalizations.Patients with acute MI have a high prevalence of newly discovered AGT. Aggressive risk reduction strategies in this population, especially in those with prediabetes, are warranted.
Artificial intelligence neuropathologist for glioma classification using deep learning on hematoxylin and eosin stained slide images and molecular markers
Authors: Lei Jin, Feng Shi, Qiuping Chun, Hong Chen, Yixin Ma, Shuai Wu, N U Farrukh Hameed, Chunming Mei, Junfeng Lu, Jun Zhang, Abudumijiti Aibaidula, Dinggang Shen, Jinsong Wu
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2020)

Pathological diagnosis of glioma subtypes is essential for treatment planning and prognosis. Standard histological diagnosis of glioma is based on postoperative hematoxylin and eosin stained slides by neuropathologists. With advancing artificial intelligence (AI), the aim of this study was to determine whether deep learning can be applied to glioma classification.
Eyelid dermatitis in patients referred for patch testing: Retrospective analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group data, 1994-2016
Authors: Erin M. Warshaw, Lindsey M. Voller, Howard I. Maibach, Kathryn A. Zug, Joel G. DeKoven, Amber R. Atwater, Margo J. Reeder, Denis Sasseville, James S. Taylor, Joseph F. Fowler, Melanie D. Pratt, Jonathan I. Silverberg, Anthony F. Fransway, Matthew J. Zirwas, Donald V. Belsito, James G. Marks, Vincent A. DeLeo
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Abstract 9689: Left Ventricular Mass Normalized to Lean Body Mass in Children May Obscure the Effect of Hypertension on the Heart
Authors: Joseph Mahgerefteh, Daphne Hsu, Sarah Chambers, Jennifer Gonzalez, Leo Lopez
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Purpose: In order to make comparisons of left ventricular mass (LVM) measurements among children, several methods of LVM normalization for body size have been developed. LVM has been hypothesized to correlate best with lean body mass (LBM). In addition, hypertension is a known risk factor for left ventricular hypertrophy. This study evaluates the agreement between LVM normalized to LBM (LVM L ) and LVM normalized to body surface area (LVM B ) or height (LVM H ). In addition the study evaluates the relationship between each method and systemic blood pressure. Our hypothesis is that LVM normalization to LBM will obscure the effect of hypertension on the LVM. Methods: Echocardiograms performed from 2009-2010 in 206 children (118 males, age 4 to 18 years) with no structural heart disease or systemic disorders other than hypertension and obesity were analyzed. LVM was calculated from M mode images using the prolate ellipsoid formula. LVM Z scores were calculated using 3 different published nomograms adjusting for height, BSA, and LBM. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) with absolute agreement of single measures were used to assess concordance between LVM L Z score with the LVM B and LVM H Z scores. Pearson correlation was done to assess the associations. Results: Among the 206 patients, 21% had hypertension, 38% were obese, and 10% were obese and hypertensive. Mean BMI Z score was 1.1 ± 1.2, systolic BP Z score 0.6 ± 1.2, and diastolic BP Z score 0.1 ± 0.9. The ICC between LVM L and LVM B Z scores was 0.81 (95 th % CI: 0.73-0.86, p &lt; 0.001) and between LVM L and LVM H Z scores was 0.73 (95 th % CI: 0.29-0.87, p &lt; 0.001). Correlations of the 3 LVM Z scores with BP, weight, and BMI Z scores are shown in the table. Conclusion: LVM L has a better correlation with LVM B compared to LVM H . Elevated systolic BP associate with higher LVM H . There was no significant relationship between systolic BP and LVM L or LVM B , suggesting that these methods of LVM normalization may mask the effect of hypertension on LVM.
High-Fat Diet and Antibiotics Cooperatively Impair Mitochondrial Bioenergetics to Trigger Dysbiosis that Exacerbates Pre-inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Jee-Yon Lee, Stephanie A. Cevallos, Mariana X. Byndloss, Connor R. Tiffany, Erin E. Olsan, Brian P. Butler, Briana M. Young, Andrew W.L. Rogers, Henry Nguyen, Kyongchol Kim, Sang-Woon Choi, Eunsoo Bae, Je Hee Lee, Ui-Gi Min, Duk-Chul Lee, Andreas J. Bäumler
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2020)
Effects of agrochemical pollution on schistosomiasis transmission: a systematic review and modelling analysis
Authors: Christopher M Hoover, Samantha L Rumschlag, Luke Strgar, Arathi Arakala, Manoj Gambhir, Giulio A de Leo, Susanne H Sokolow, Jason R Rohr, Justin V Remais
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2020)

BackgroundAgrochemical pollution of surface waters is a growing global environmental challenge, especially in areas where agriculture is rapidly expanding and intensifying. Agrochemicals might affect schistosomiasis transmission through direct and indirect effects on Schistosoma parasites, their intermediate snail hosts, snail predators, and snail algal resources. We aimed to review and summarise the effects of these agrochemicals on schistosomiasis transmission dynamics.MethodsWe did a systematic review of agrochemical effects on the lifecycle of Schistosoma spp and fitted dose-response models to data regarding the association between components of the lifecycle and agrochemical concentrations. We incorporated these dose-response functions and environmentally relevant concentrations of agrochemicals into a mathematical model to estimate agrochemical effects on schistosomiasis transmission. Dose-response functions were used to estimate individual agrochemical effects on estimates of the agrochemically influenced basic reproduction number, R0, for Schistosoma haematobium. We incorporated time series of environmentally relevant agrochemical concentrations into the model and simulated mass drug administration control efforts in the presence of agrochemicals.FindingsWe derived 120 dose-response functions describing the effects of agrochemicals on schistosome lifecycle components. The median estimate of the basic reproduction number under agrochemical-free conditions, was 1·65 (IQR 1·47–1·79). Agrochemical effects on estimates of R0 for S haematobium ranged from a median three-times increase (R0 5·05, IQR 4·06–5·97) to transmission elimination (R0 0). Simulations of transmission dynamics subject to interacting annual mass drug administration and agrochemical pollution yielded a median estimate of 64·82 disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost per 100 000 people per year (IQR 62·52–67·68) attributable to atrazine use. In areas where aquatic arthropod predators of intermediate host snails suppress transmission, the insecticides chlorpyrifos (6·82 DALYs lost per 100 000 people per year, IQR 4·13–8·69) and profenofos (103·06 DALYs lost per 100 000 people per year, IQR 89·63–104·90) might also increase the disability burden through their toxic effects on arthropods.InterpretationExpected environmental concentrations of agrochemicals alter schistosomiasis transmission through direct and indirect effects on intermediate host and parasite densities. As industrial agricultural practices expand in areas where schistosomiasis is endemic, strategies to prevent increases in transmission due to agrochemical pollution should be developed and pursued.FundingNational Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health.
Ticagrelor and Aspirin or Aspirin Alone in Acute Ischemic Stroke or TIA
Authors: S. Claiborne Johnston, Pierre Amarenco, Hans Denison, Scott R. Evans, Anders Himmelmann, Stefan James, Mikael Knutsson, Per Ladenvall, Carlos A. Molina, Yongjun Wang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Trials have evaluated the use of clopidogrel and aspirin to prevent stroke after an ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). In a previous trial, ticagrelor was not better than aspirin in preventing vascular events or death after stroke or TIA. The effect of the combination of ticagrelor and aspirin on prevention of stroke has not been well studied.We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial involving patients who had had a mild-to-moderate acute noncardioembolic ischemic stroke, with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 5 or less (range, 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating more severe stroke), or TIA and who were not undergoing thrombolysis or thrombectomy. The patients were assigned within 24 hours after symptom onset, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive a 30-day regimen of either ticagrelor (180-mg loading dose followed by 90 mg twice daily) plus aspirin (300 to 325 mg on the first day followed by 75 to 100 mg daily) or matching placebo plus aspirin. The primary outcome was a composite of stroke or death within 30 days. Secondary outcomes were first subsequent ischemic stroke and the incidence of disability within 30 days. The primary safety outcome was severe bleeding.A total of 11,016 patients underwent randomization (5523 in the ticagrelor-aspirin group and 5493 in the aspirin group). A primary-outcome event occurred in 303 patients (5.5%) in the ticagrelor-aspirin group and in 362 patients (6.6%) in the aspirin group (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71 to 0.96; P = 0.02). Ischemic stroke occurred in 276 patients (5.0%) in the ticagrelor-aspirin group and in 345 patients (6.3%) in the aspirin group (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.93; P = 0.004). The incidence of disability did not differ significantly between the two groups. Severe bleeding occurred in 28 patients (0.5%) in the ticagrelor-aspirin group and in 7 patients (0.1%) in the aspirin group (P = 0.001).Among patients with a mild-to-moderate acute noncardioembolic ischemic stroke (NIHSS score ≤5) or TIA who were not undergoing intravenous or endovascular thrombolysis, the risk of the composite of stroke or death within 30 days was lower with ticagrelor-aspirin than with aspirin alone, but the incidence of disability did not differ significantly between the two groups. Severe bleeding was more frequent with ticagrelor. (Funded by AstraZeneca; THALES ClinicalTrial.gov number, NCT03354429.).
RNA editing mediates the functional switch of COPA in a novel mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Yangyang Song, Omer An, Xi Ren, Tim Hon Man Chan, Daryl Jin Tai Tay, Sze Jing Tang, Jian Han, HuiQi Hong, Vanessa Hui En Ng, Xinyu Ke, Haoqing Shen, Priyankaa Pitcheshwar, Jaymie Siqi Lin, Ka Wai Leong, Fernando Bellido Molias, Henry Yang, Dennis Kappei, Leilei Chen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)

RNA editing introduces nucleotide changes in RNA sequences. Recent studies have reported that aberrant adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing is implicated in cancers. Until now, very few functionally important protein-recoding editing targets have been discovered. Here, we investigated the role of a recently discovered protein-recoding editing target COPA (coatomer subunit α) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Clinical implication of COPA editing was studied in a cohort of 125 HCC patients. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of the editing site complementary sequence (ECS) was used to delete edited COPA transcripts endogenously. COPA editing-mediated change in its transcript or protein stability was investigated upon actinomycin D or cycloheximide treatment, respectively. Functional difference in tumourigenesis between wild-type and edited COPA (COPAWTvs. COPAI164V) and the exact mechanisms were also studied in cell models and mice.ADAR2 binds to double-stranded RNA formed between edited exon 6 and the ECS at intron 6 of COPA pre-mRNA, causing an isoleucine-to-valine substitution at residue 164. Reduced editing of COPA is implicated in the pathogenesis of HCC, and more importantly, it may be involved in many cancer types. Upon editing, COPAWT switches from a tumour-promoting gene to a tumour suppressor that has a dominant-negative effect. Moreover, COPAI164V may undergo protein conformational change and therefore become less stable than COPAWT. Mechanistically, COPAI164V may deactivate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway through downregulation of caveolin-1 (CAV1).We uncover an RNA editing-associated mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis by which downregulation of ADAR2 caused the loss of tumour suppressive COPAI164V and concurrent accumulation of tumour-promoting COPAWT in tumours; a rapid degradation of COPAI164V protein and hyper-activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway further promote tumourigenesis.RNA editing is a process in which RNA is changed after it is made from DNA, resulting in an altered gene product. In this study, we found that RNA editing of a gene known as coatomer subunit α (COPA) is lower in tumour samples and discovered that this editing process changes COPA protein from a tumour-promoting form to a tumour-suppressive form. Loss of the edited COPA promotes the development of liver cancer.
Practice patterns, techniques, and outcomes of flexible endoscopic myotomy for Zenker’s diverticulum: a retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Chetan Mittal, David L. Diehl, Peter V. Draganov, Laith H. Jamil, Ammara Khalid, Harshit S. Khara, Vikas Khullar, Ryan Law, Simon K. Lo, Abraham Mathew, Ebrahim Mirakhor, Alireza Sedarat, Neil Sharma, Setareh Sharzehi, Anna Tavakkoli, Adarsh Thaker, Nirav Thosani, Dennis Yang, Christina Zelt, Mihir S. Wagh
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

<b>Background</b> Flexible endoscopic myotomy has been increasingly performed for Zenker's diverticulum using various endoscopic techniques and devices. The main aims of this study were to assess practice patterns and compare outcomes of endoscopic myotomy for Zenker's diverticulum. <b>Methods</b> Procedures performed at 12 tertiary endoscopy centers from 1/2012 to 12/2018 were reviewed. Patients (≥ 18 years) with Zenker's diverticulum who had dysphagia and/or regurgitation and underwent endoscopic myotomy were included. Outcomes assessed included technical success, clinical success, and adverse events. <b>Results</b> 161 patients were included. Traditional endoscopic septotomy was performed most frequently (137/161, 85.1 %) followed by submucosal dissection of the septum and myotomy (24/161, 14.9 %). The hook knife (43/161, 26.7 %) and needle-knife (33/161, 20.5 %) were used most frequently. Overall, technical and clinical success rates were 98.1 % (158/161) and 78.1 % (96/123), respectively. Adverse events were noted in 13 patients (8.1 %). There was no significant difference in technical and clinical success between traditional septotomy and submucosal dissection groups (97.1 % vs. 95.8 %, <i>P</i> = 0.56 and 75.2 % vs. 90.9 %, <i>P </i> = 0.16, respectively). Clinical success was higher with the hook knife (96.7 %) compared with the needle-knife (76.6 %) and insulated tip knife (47.1 %). Outcomes were similar between centers performing > 20, 11 – 20, and ≤ 10 procedures. <b>Conclusions</b> Flexible endoscopic myotomy is an effective therapy for Zenker's diverticulum, with a low rate of adverse events. There was no significant difference in outcomes between traditional septotomy and a submucosal dissection approach, or with centers with higher volume, though clinical success was higher with the hook knife.
Correction: NG2 antigen is involved in leukemia invasiveness and central nervous system infiltration in MLL-rearranged infant B-ALL
Authors: C. Prieto, B. López-Millán, H. Roca-Ho, R. W. Stam, D. Romero-Moya, F. J. Rodríguez-Baena, A. Sanjuan-Pla, V. Ayllón, M. Ramírez, M. Bardini, P. De Lorenzo, M. G. Valsecchi, M. Stanulla, M. Iglesias, P. Ballerini, Á. M. Carcaboso, J. Mora, F. Locatelli, A. Bertaina, L. Padilla, Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Manzaneque, C. Bueno, P. Menéndez
Journal: Leukemia (2018)
Chemokine Receptor 2–targeted Molecular Imaging in Pulmonary Fibrosis. A Clinical Trial
Authors: Steven L. Brody, Sean P. Gunsten, Hannah P. Luehmann, Debbie H. Sultan, Michelle Hoelscher, Gyu Seong Heo, Jiehong Pan, Jeffrey R. Koenitzer, Ethan C. Lee, Tao Huang, Cedric Mpoy, Shuchi Guo, Richard Laforest, Amber Salter, Tonya D. Russell, Adrian Shifren, Christophe Combadiere, Kory J. Lavine, Daniel Kreisel, Benjamin D. Humphreys, Buck E. Rogers, David S. Gierada, Derek E. Byers, Robert J. Gropler, Delphine L. Chen, Jeffrey J. Atkinson, Yongjian Liu
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive inflammatory lung disease without effective molecular markers of disease activity or treatment responses. Monocyte and interstitial macrophages that express the C-C motif CCR2 (chemokine receptor 2) are active in IPF and central to fibrosis.
Prospective validation of the RAPID clinical risk prediction score in adult patients with pleural infection: the PILOT study
Authors: John P. Corcoran, Ioannis Psallidas, Stephen Gerry, Francesco Piccolo, Coenraad F. Koegelenberg, Tarek Saba, Cyrus Daneshvar, Ian Fairbairn, Richard Heinink, Alex West, Andrew E. Stanton, Jayne Holme, Jack A. Kastelik, Henry Steer, Nicola J. Downer, Mohammed Haris, Emma H. Baker, Caroline F. Everett, Justin Pepperell, Thomas Bewick, Lonny Yarmus, Fabien Maldonado, Burhan Khan, Alan Hart-Thomas, Georgina Hands, Geoffrey Warwick, Duneesha De Fonseka, Maged Hassan, Mohammed Munavvar, Anur Guhan, Mitra Shahidi, Zara Pogson, Lee Dowson, Natalia D. Popowicz, Judith Saba, Neil R. Ward, Rob J. Hallifax, Melissa Dobson, Rachel Shaw, Emma L. Hedley, Assunta Sabia, Barbara Robinson, Gary S. Collins, Helen E. Davies, Ly-Mee Yu, Robert F. Miller, Nick A. Maskell, Najib M. Rahman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Background Over 30% of adult patients with pleural infection either die and/or require surgery. There is no robust means of predicting at baseline presentation which patients will suffer a poor clinical outcome. A validated risk prediction score would allow early identification of high-risk patients, potentially directing more aggressive treatment thereafter. Objectives To prospectively assess a previously described risk score (the RAPID (Renal (urea), Age, fluid Purulence, Infection source, Dietary (albumin)) score) in adults with pleural infection. Methods Prospective observational cohort study that recruited patients undergoing treatment for pleural infection. RAPID score and risk category were calculated at baseline presentation. The primary outcome was mortality at 3 months; secondary outcomes were mortality at 12 months, length of hospital stay, need for thoracic surgery, failure of medical treatment and lung function at 3 months. Results Mortality data were available in 542 out of 546 patients recruited (99.3%). Overall mortality was 10% at 3 months (54 out of 542) and 19% at 12 months (102 out of 542). The RAPID risk category predicted mortality at 3 months. Low-risk mortality (RAPID score 0–2): five out of 222 (2.3%, 95% CI 0.9 to 5.7%); medium-risk mortality (RAPID score 3–4): 21 out of 228 (9.2%, 95% CI 6.0 to 13.7%); and high-risk mortality (RAPID score 5–7): 27 out of 92 (29.3%, 95% CI 21.0 to 39.2%). C-statistics for the scores at 3 months and 12 months were 0.78 (95% CI 0.71–0.83) and 0.77 (95% CI 0.72–0.82), respectively. Conclusions The RAPID score stratifies adults with pleural infection according to increasing risk of mortality and should inform future research directed at improving outcomes in this patient population.
Cascaded one-shot deformable convolutional neural networks: Developing a deep learning model for respiratory motion estimation in ultrasound sequences
Authors: Fei Liu, Dan Liu, Jie Tian, Xiaoyan Xie, Xin Yang, Kun Wang
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2020)

Improving the quality of image-guided radiation therapy requires the tracking of respiratory motion in ultrasound sequences. However, the low signal-to-noise ratio and the artifacts in ultrasound images make it difficult to track targets accurately and robustly. In this study, we propose a novel deep learning model, called a Cascaded One-shot Deformable Convolutional Neural Network (COSD-CNN), to track landmarks in real time in long ultrasound sequences. Specifically, we design a cascaded Siamese network structure to improve the tracking performance of CNN-based methods. We propose a one-shot deformable convolution module to enhance the robustness of the COSD-CNN to appearance variation in a meta-learning manner. Moreover, we design a simple and efficient unsupervised strategy to facilitate the network's training with a limited number of medical images, in which many corner points are selected from raw ultrasound images to learn network features with high generalizability. The proposed COSD-CNN has been extensively evaluated on the public Challenge on Liver UltraSound Tracking (CLUST) 2D dataset and on our own ultrasound image dataset from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (FSYSU). Experiment results show that the proposed model can track a target through an ultrasound sequence with high accuracy and robustness. Our method achieves new state-of-the-art performance on the CLUST 2D benchmark set, indicating its strong potential for application in clinical practice.