tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and burden of sepsis acquired in hospitals and intensive care units: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Robby Markwart, Hiroki Saito, Thomas Harder, Sara Tomczyk, Alessandro Cassini, Carolin Fleischmann-Struzek, Felix Reichert, Tim Eckmanns, Benedetta Allegranzi
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2020)

Sepsis is recognized as a global public health problem, but the proportion due to hospital-acquired infections remains unclear. We aimed to summarize the epidemiological evidence related to the burden of hospital-acquired (HA) and ICU-acquired (ICU-A) sepsis.We searched MEDLINE, Embase and the Global Index Medicus from 01/2000 to 03/2018. We included studies conducted hospital-wide or in intensive care units (ICUs), including neonatal units (NICUs), with data on the incidence/prevalence of HA and ICU-A sepsis and the proportion of community and hospital/ICU origin. We did random-effects meta-analyses to obtain pooled estimates; inter-study heterogeneity and risk of bias were assessed.Of the 13,239 studies identified, 51 met the inclusion criteria; 22 were from low- and middle-income countries. Twenty-eight studies were conducted in ICUs, 13 in NICUs, and ten hospital-wide. The proportion of HA sepsis among all hospital-treated sepsis cases was 23.6% (95% CI 17-31.8%, range 16-36.4%). In the ICU, 24.4% (95% CI 16.7-34.2%, range 10.3-42.5%) of cases of sepsis with organ dysfunction were acquired during ICU stay and 48.7% (95% CI 38.3-59.3%, range 18.7-69.4%) had a hospital origin. The pooled hospital incidence of HA sepsis with organ dysfunction per 1000 patients was 9.3 (95% CI 7.3-11.9, range 2-20.6)). In the ICU, the pooled incidence of HA sepsis with organ dysfunction per 1000 patients was 56.5 (95% CI 35-90.2, range 9.2-254.4) and it was particularly high in NICUs. Mortality of ICU patients with HA sepsis with organ dysfunction was 52.3% (95% CI 43.4-61.1%, range 30.1-64.6%). There was a significant inter-study heterogeneity. Risk of bias was low to moderate in ICU-based studies and moderate to high in hospital-wide and NICU studies.HA sepsis is of major public health importance, and the burden is particularly high in ICUs. There is an urgent need to improve the implementation of global and local infection prevention and management strategies to reduce its high burden among hospitalized patients.
Prescribing Paradigm Shift? Applying the 2019 European Society of Cardiology–Led Guidelines on Diabetes, Prediabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease to Assess Eligibility for Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors or Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists as First-Line Monotherapy (or Add-on to Metformin Monotherapy) in Type 2 Diabetes in Scotland
Authors: Thomas M. Caparrotta, Luke A.K. Blackbourn, Stuart J. McGurnaghan, John Chalmers, Robert Lindsay, Rory McCrimmon, John McKnight, Sarah Wild, John R. Petrie, Sam Philip, Paul M. McKeigue, David J. Webb, Naveed Sattar, Helen M. Colhoun
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

OBJECTIVE In 2019, the European Society of Cardiology led and released new guidelines for diabetes cardiovascular risk management, reflecting recent evidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) reduction with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) and some glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in type 2 diabetes (T2D). A key recommendation is that all those with T2D who are (antihyperglycemic) drug naïve or on metformin monotherapy should be CVD risk stratified and an SGLT-2i or a GLP-1RA initiated in all those at high or very high risk, irrespective of glycated hemoglobin. We assessed the impact of these guidelines in Scotland were they introduced as is. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using a nationwide diabetes register in Scotland, we did a cross-sectional analysis, using variables in our register for risk stratification at 1 January 2019. We were conservative in our definitions, assuming the absence of a risk factor where data were not available. The risk classifications were applied to people who were drug naïve or on metformin monotherapy and the anticipated prescribing change calculated. RESULTS Of the 265,774 people with T2D in Scotland, 53,194 (20.0% of those with T2D) were drug naïve, and 56,906 (21.4%) were on metformin monotherapy. Of these, 74.5% and 72.4%, respectively, were estimated as at least high risk given the guideline risk definitions. CONCLUSIONS Thus, 80,830 (30.4%) of all those with T2D (n = 265,774) would start one of these drug classes according to table 7 and figure 3 of the guideline. The sizeable impact on drug budgets, enhanced clinical monitoring, and the trade-off with reduced CVD-related health care costs will need careful consideration.
Development and Validation of a Clinical Prediction Tool for Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in England
Authors: Matthew M. Loiacono, Nicholas Mitsakakis, Jeffrey C. Kwong, Gabriela B. Gomez, Ayman Chit, Paul Grootendorst
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Timely identification of patients likely to miss seasonal influenza vaccination (SIV) could help health care practitioners tailor services and gain efficiency.
Hydroxychloroquine shortages among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus during the COVID-19 pandemic: experience of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics
Authors: Arielle Mendel, Sasha Bernatsky, Anca Askanase, Sang-Cheol Bae, Ann Elaine Clarke, Nathalie Costedoat-Chalumeau, Dafna D Gladman, Caroline Gordon, John Hanly, Søren Jacobsen, Ken Kalunian, Anselm Mak, Marta Mosca, Bernardo A Pons-Estel, Guillermo Ruiz-Irastorza, Murray Urowitz, Évelyne Vinet
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Early scientific and public enthusiasm for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as a potential therapy for COVID-19 has prompted over 100 registered trials to date, although its efficacy remains to be demonstrated.1 Unfortunately, accelerated demand for HCQ has the potential to diminish supplies for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which is worrisome due to the known risks of SLE flare after HCQ withdrawal.2 We previously reported that rheumatologists in most Canadian provinces observed HCQ shortages early in the COVID-19 pandemic.3 However, data are lacking on the global experience with HCQ access during the pandemic, specifically in SLE.

On 4 May 2020, we distributed an electronic survey to the 42 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) members affiliated with SLE referral centres (https://sliccgroup.org), with reminders after 1 and 3 weeks. Physicians were asked about experiences with HCQ shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether they had been contacted by patients and/or pharmacists regarding difficulties accessing HCQ. Physicians who answered ‘yes’ to the latter question were asked to estimate how many and what proportion …
Genetics, Prevotella, and the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Matthew L Stoll
Journal: The Lancet Rheumatology (2020)

In 1909, Bailey1 posited that rheumatoid arthritis is mediated by toxins produced by microorganisms residing in the gut. The first suggestion that Prevotella copri might be a causative intestinal organism came approximately 100 years later in a study2 of treatment-naive patients with new-onset rheumatoid arthritis. A putative role for P copri in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis was subsequently validated in another sequencing study3 and further suggested by work4 showing increased immunological reactivity to P copri among patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Combating COVID-19 with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in China
Authors: Liqiang Ni, Lili Chen, Xia Huang, Chouping Han, Jianrong Xu, Hong Zhang, Xin Luan, Yongfang Zhao, Jianguang Xu, Weian Yuan, Hongzhuan Chen
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2020)

COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread throughout the world. China has achieved rapid containment of this highly infectious disease following the principles of early detection, early quarantine and early treatment with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. The inclusion of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the Chinese protocol is based on its successful historic experience in fighting against pestilence. Current findings have shown that the Chinese medicine can reduce the incidence of severe or critical events, improve clinical recovery and help alleviate symptoms such as cough or fever. To date there are over 133 ongoing registered clinical studies on TCM/integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. The three Chinese patent medicines (Lianhua Qingwen Keli/Jiaonang (Forsythiae and Honeysuckle Flower Pestilence-Clearing Granules/Capsules), Jinhua Qinggan Keli (Honeysuckle Flower Cold-Relieving Granules) and Xuebijing (Stasis-Resolving & Toxin-Removing) Injection were officially approved by the National Medical Products Administration to list COVID-19 as an additional indication. The pharmacological studies have suggested that Chinese medicine is effective for COVID-19 probably through its host-directed regulation and certain antiviral effects.
Re: Riccardo Campi, Daniele Amparore, Umberto Capitanio, et al. Assessing the burden of nondeferrable major uro-oncologic surgery to guide prioritisation strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from three Italian high-volume referral centres. Eur Urol 2020;78:11–15
Authors: Vincenzo Ficarra, Giuseppe Mucciardi, Gianluca Giannarini
Journal: European Urology (2020)
The Percentage of Children Who Developed Type 1 Diabetes After Rotavirus Vaccination—Reply
Authors: Rachel M. Burke, Jacqueline E. Tate, Umesh D. Parashar
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Exosomes transfer miRNAs from cell-to-cell to inhibit autophagy during infection with Crohn’s disease-associated adherent-invasive <i>E. coli</i>
Authors: Anaïs Larabi, Guillaume Dalmasso, Julien Delmas, Nicolas Barnich, Hang Thi Thu Nguyen
Journal: Gut Microbes (2020)

Adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC), which abnormally colonize the intestinal mucosa of Crohn's disease (CD) patients, are able to adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), survive and replicate within macrophages and induce a pro-inflammatory response. AIEC infection of IECs induces secretion of exosomes that increase AIEC replication in exosome-receiving IECs and macrophages. Here, we investigated the mechanism underlying the increased AIEC replication in cells receiving exosomes from AIEC-infected cells. Exosomes released by uninfected human intestinal epithelial T84 cells (Exo-uninfected) or by T84 cells infected with the clinical AIEC LF82 strain (Exo-LF82), the nonpathogenic E. coli K12 strain (Exo-K12) or the commensal E. coli HS strain (Exo-HS) were purified and used to stimulate T84 cells. Stimulation of T84 cells with Exo-LF82 inhibited autophagy compared with Exo-uninfected, Exo-K12 and Exo-HS. qRT-PCR analysis revealed increased levels of miR-30c and miR-130a in Exo-LF82 compared to Exo-uninfected, Exo-K12 and Exo-HS. These miRNAs were transferred via exosomes to recipient cells, in which they targeted and inhibited ATG5 and ATG16L1 expression and thereby autophagy response, thus favoring AIEC intracellular replication. Inhibition of these miRNAs in exosome-donor cells infected with AIEC LF82 abolished the increase in miR-30c and miR-130a levels in the released Exo-LF82 and in Exo-LF82-receiving cells, thus suppressing the inhibitory effect of Exo-LF82 on ATG5 and ATG16L1 expression and on autophagy-mediated AIEC clearance in Exo-LF82-receiving cells. Our study shows that upon AIEC infection, IECs secrete exosomes that can transfer specific miRNAs to recipient IECs, inhibiting autophagy-mediated clearance of intracellular AIEC.
Lysine-specific demethylase 1A restricts ex vivo propagation of human HSCs and is a target of UM171
Authors: Agatheeswaran Subramaniam, Kristijonas Žemaitis, Mehrnaz Safaee Talkhoncheh, David Yudovich, Alexandra Bäckström, Shubhranshu Debnath, Jun Chen, Mayur Vilas Jain, Roman Galeev, Massimiliano Gaetani, Roman A. Zubarev, Jonas Larsson
Journal: Blood (2020)
Response to: ‘Patient acceptance of using telemedicine for follow-up of lupus nephritis in the COVID-19 outbreak’ by So <i>et al</i>
Authors: Hendrik Schulze-Koops, Christof Specker, Klaus Krueger
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

We thank our colleagues So and Tam from Hong Kong for their comments1 on our recommendations for the management of patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/COVID-19 pandemic published in this journal.2 In our manuscript, we have recommended to ensure necessary controls for therapy and disease monitoring; however, we have suggested to always weigh the individual risk of an infection associated with a visit to the doctor’s office (eg, while travelling to and from as well as being present at the medical facility) against the risk of missing controls. In many IRD, temporary prolonged intervals of monitoring patients with stable disease and stable efficacious therapy may well be justified. Thus, in these patients, this measure may help to decrease the risk of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, prolongation of monitoring intervals should be limited in time and as the pandemic continues, patients will have to be monitored again in order to receive appropriate care. …
Acute kidney injury associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: incidence, risk factors and outcomes
Authors: Alejandro Meraz-Muñoz, Eitan Amir, Pamela Ng, Carmen Avila-Casado, Claire Ragobar, Christopher Chan, Joseph Kim, Ron Wald, Abhijat Kitchlu
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) are a novel and promising anti-cancer therapy. There are limited data on the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients receiving ICPi. Methods We conducted a cohort study of patients receiving ICPi at our center between 2010 and 2017 via electronic health record. The primary outcome was AKI (increase of &gt;50% from baseline serum creatinine (sCr)). Risk factors for AKI were assessed using logistic regression. Survival among those with and without AKI was compared using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Among 309 patients on ICPi, 51 (16.5%) developed AKI (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) stages 1: 53%, 2: 22%, 3: 25%). AKI was associated with other immune-related adverse events (IRAE) (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.6 to 6; p&lt;0.001), hypertension (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.8 to 6.1; p&lt;0.001) and cerebrovascular disease (OR 9.2; 95% CI 2.1 to 40; p&lt;0.001). Baseline sCr, cancer, and ICPi type was not associated with AKI. Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin-receptor blockers (OR 2.9; 95% CI 1.5 to 5.7; p=0.002), diuretics (OR 4.3; 95% CI 1.9 to 9.8; p&lt;0.001), and corticosteroid treatment (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.1 to 3.6; p=0.03) were associated with AKI. In the multivariable analysis, AKI was associated only with other IRAE (OR 2.82; 95% CI 1.45 to 5.48; p=0.002) and hypertension (OR 2.96; 95% CI 1.33 to 6.59; p=0.008). AKI was not associated with increased risk of mortality (HR 1.1; 95% CI: 0.8 to 1.6; p=0.67). ICPi nephrotoxicity was attributed via biopsy or nephrologist assessment in 12 patients (six interstitial nephritis, two membranous nephropathy, two minimal change disease, and two thrombotic microangiopathy). Subsequent doses of ICPi were administered to 12 patients with prior AKI, with one (8.3%) having recurrent AKI. Conclusion AKI is a common complication in patients receiving ICPi treatment. The development of other IRAE and previous diagnosis of hypertension were associated with increased AKI risk. AKI was not associated with worse survival. Distinguishing kidney IRAE from other causes of AKI will present a frequent challenge to oncology and nephrology practitioners. Kidney biopsy should be considered to characterize kidney lesions and guide potential therapy.
Response to: ‘Experience of telemedicine use in a big cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis during COVID-19 pandemic’ by Santos-Moreno <i>et al</i>
Authors: Emanuele Bozzalla Cassione, Giovanni Zanframundo, Alessandro Biglia, Veronica Codullo, Carlomaurizio Montecucco, Lorenzo Cavagna
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

We thank Dr Santos-Moreno et al 1 for their interest in our paper2 and for sharing their experience on telemedicine use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We agree on the fact that a preliminary consultation is necessary to assess the willingness of the patients to be evaluated by telemedicine and, possibly, to explain them how the platform works. However, given the different setting in which we applied telemedicine—a connective tissue diseases (CTDs) outpatient clinic—our approach was slightly different. In fact, unlike inflammatory arthritis, in which disease flares are in most cases symptomatic and impacting on patients’ quality of life and functionality, CTDs like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or systemic sclerosis may give rise to more insidious manifestations. In our …
Evaluation of the Merits and Limitations of Evidence-Based Medicine
Authors: Daniel M. O’Connor, Neera R. Nathan, Daniela Kroshinsky
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Should we be imaging lymph nodes at initial diagnosis of early‐stage mycosis fungoides? Results from the PROspective Cutaneous Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (PROCLIPI) international study*
Authors: E. Hodak, S. Sherman, E. Papadavid, M. Bagot, C. Querfeld, P. Quaglino, H.M. Prince, P.L. Ortiz‐Romero, R. Stadler, R. Knobler, E. Guenova, T. Estrach, A. Patsatsi, Y.A. Leshem, H. Prague‐Naveh, E. Berti, S. Alberti‐Violetti, R. Cowan, C. Jonak, V. Nikolaou, C. Mitteldorf, O. Akilov, L. Geskin, R. Matin, M. Beylot‐Barry, L. Vakeva, J.A. Sanches, O. Servitje, S. Weatherhead, M. Wobser, J. Yoo, M. Bayne, A. Bates, G. Dunnill, M. Marschalko, A.M. Buschots, U. Wehkamp, F. Evison, E. Hong, I. Amitay‐Laish, R. Stranzenbach, M. Vermeer, R. Willemze, W. Kempf, L. Cerroni, S. Whittaker, Y.H. Kim, J.J. Scarisbrick
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Early-stage mycosis fungoides (MF) includes involvement of dermatopathic lymph nodes (LNs) or early lymphomatous LNs. There is a lack of unanimity among current guidelines regarding the indications for initial staging imaging in early-stage presentation of MF in the absence of enlarged palpable LNs.
Sixty seconds on . . . Mr Bean’s checklist
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Number one-make sure the Mini has petrol in it?That goes without saying.But that's enough about the daily routines of Rowan Atkinson's bumbling comic creation. Bean there, done that?The character is three decades old, but clearly still holds some cultural clout.The animated version of Mr Bean is the figurehead for a new public service announcement from the World Health Organization, reminding the public to remain vigilant about covid-19. 1 Was Alan Partridge busy?The Department of Health and Social Care doesn't run itself you know.Touché.But where did this Bean idea spring up
COVID‐19 chilblain‐like lesion: immunohistochemical demonstration of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein in blood vessel endothelium and sweat gland epithelium in a polymerase chain reaction‐negative patient
Authors: C. Santonja, F. Heras, L. Núñez, L. Requena
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

A 35‐year‐old woman with no significant previous medical history presented at the Emergency Department of Fundacion Jimenez Diaz Hospital (Madrid, Spain) on April 14th with acral purpuric lesions of three weeks duration. These had started as oedematous, erythematous areas and had appeared coincidentally with fever and coughing, which lasted only two days. There was no history of diarrhoea, ageusia, hyposmia or dyspnea. The patient stated that the skin of her feet acquired a bluish discoloration after standing for some time.
MiR- 16 Regulates Crosstalk in NF-κB Inflammatory Signaling between Myeloma Cells and Bone Marrow Macrophages
Authors: Jihane Khalife, Domenico Viola, Jayeeta Ghose, Robert Weingart, James F Sanchez, Craig C Hofmeister, Amrita Krishnan, Guido Marcucci, Nadia Carlesso, Enrico Caserta, Flavia Pichiorri
Journal: Blood (2017)