tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
William Stanley Peart
Authors: Peter Sever
Journal: BMJ (2019)

William Stanley Peart (“Stan”) was born in South Shields, County Durham; he was a Tynesider, whose father was a talented footballer. The family moved several times during his childhood following the career of his father, eventually to London, where his father managed Fulham Football Club. Peart transferred to King’s College School, Wimbledon, where he excelled in sciences. He was offered a place at the University of Oxford, but, because his parents could not afford the fees, he was unable to take up the offer. Serendipity, however, dictated a different career option. He had seen some pamphlets advertising the Moran scholarship to St Mary’s Hospital Medical School. Although never having considered a career in medicine, he went for interview with the dean, Charles Wilson, later to become Lord Moran. Moran’s view, widely known at the time, was that a man who excelled at sport would make a good doctor. Did Peart play rugby? On being told he played on the wing, Moran asked him how fast he could run 100 yards. He replied that he could run 100 yards in some fractions of a second faster than his actual performance—an answer that guaranteed him the scholarship, which he accepted.

He entered St Mary’s in 1938, where medical education revolutionised his life. In the preclinical school he benefited from numerous excellent teachers, many of whom were active in research. In 1939, with the outbreak of war, he was persuaded to continue his medical studies. In 1941, during his clinical course, …
STAT3 Activation-Induced Fatty Acid Oxidation in CD8+ T Effector Cells Is Critical for Obesity-Promoted Breast Tumor Growth
Authors: Chunyan Zhang, Chanyu Yue, Andreas Herrmann, Jieun Song, Colt Egelston, Tianyi Wang, Zhifang Zhang, Wenzhao Li, Heehyoung Lee, Maryam Aftabizadeh, Yi Jia Li, Peter P. Lee, Stephen Forman, George Somlo, Peiguo Chu, Laura Kruper, Joanne Mortimer, Dave S.B. Hoon, Wendong Huang, Saul Priceman, Hua Yu
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2019)
Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Diagnosis and Treatment: Edited by M Camilleri, R C Spiller. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 49.99, pp 193. ISBN 0702026557.
Authors: R Valori
Journal: Gut (2003)

scintigraphy; CBD, common bile duct; LFT, liver function test; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value.
Effects of Rigosertib (RIGO) Alone or in Combination with Azacitidine or Vorinostat on Epigenetic Reprogramming of CD34+ Cells in the Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Lewis R Silverman, Pratima Chaurasia, Stella Melana, Rosalie Odchimar-Reissig, Erin P. Demakos, Shyamala C. Navada, E. Premkumar Reddy
Journal: Blood (2017)
Synergistic Effects: ROS‐Responsive Blended Nanoparticles: Cascade‐Amplifying Synergistic Effects of Sonochemotherapy with On‐demand Boosted Drug Release During SDT Process (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 18/2019)
Authors: Pengying Wu, Wei Dong, Xuyan Guo, Xiaoyang Qiao, Shifang Guo, Lei Zhang, Mingxi Wan, Yujin Zong
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2019)

In article number 1900720 by Mingxi Wan, Yujin Zong, and co-workers, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive IR780/PTL-nanoparticles are developed using ROS-cleavable thioketal linkers (TL). Under ultrasound (US) stimulation, these nanoparticles produces high amounts of ROS, which can rapidly release the anti-tumor drug PTX and induce apoptosis in human glioma (U87) cells. In addition, the IR780/PTL-NPs release the drug at the target sites in a controlled manner upon US stimulation, which significantly inhibits tumor growth and induces apoptosis in the tumor tissues with no obvious toxicity. Cover design by Pengying Wu, Mingxi Wan, and Yujin Zong.
Machine Learning Methods for Predicting Human-Adaptive Influenza A Viruses Based on Viral Nucleotide Compositions
Authors: Jing Li, Sen Zhang, Bo Li, Yi Hu, Xiao-Ping Kang, Xiao-Yan Wu, Meng-Ting Huang, Yu-Chang Li, Zhong-Peng Zhao, Cheng-Feng Qin, Tao Jiang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2019)

Abstract Each influenza pandemic was caused at least partly by avian- and/or swine-origin influenza A viruses (IAVs). The timing of and the potential IAVs involved in the next pandemic are currently unpredictable. We aim to build machine learning (ML) models to predict human-adaptive IAV nucleotide composition. A total of 217,549 IAV full-length coding sequences of the PB2 (polymerase basic protein-2), PB1, PA (polymerase acidic protein), HA (hemagglutinin), NP (nucleoprotein), and NA (neuraminidase) segments were decomposed for their codon position-based mononucleotides (12 nts) and dinucleotides (48 dnts). A total of 68,742 human sequences and 68,739 avian sequences (1:1) were resampled to characterize the human adaptation-associated (d)nts with principal component analysis (PCA) and other ML models. Then, the human adaptation of IAV sequences was predicted based on the characterized (d)nts. Respectively, 9, 12, 11, 13, 10 and 9 human-adaptive (d)nts were optimized for the six segments. PCA and hierarchical clustering analysis revealed the linear separability of the optimized (d)nts between the human-adaptive and avian-adaptive sets. The results of the confusion matrix and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve indicated a high performance of the ML models to predict human adaptation of IAVs. Our model performed well in predicting the human adaptation of the swine/avian IAVs before and after the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. In conclusion, we identified the human adaptation-associated genomic composition of IAV segments. ML models for IAV human adaptation prediction using large IAV genomic data sets can facilitate the identification of key viral factors that affect virus transmission/pathogenicity. Most importantly, it allows the prediction of pandemic influenza.
Details of response with first-line gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel therapy in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: Y. Nagata, C. Kinoshita, U. Ishimoto, T. Kano, M. Ishikawa, H. Mikuni, K. Nakatsuka, K. Harada, T. Nishimura, M. Noguchi, R. Sawada, K. Amano, M. Saruta
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Racial/ethnic disparities in hospice utilization among Medicare beneficiaries dying from pancreatic cancer.
Authors: Anghela Paredes, Madison Hyer, Elizabeth Palmer, Maryam B. Lustberg, Timothy M. Pawlik
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

41 Background: While racial/ethnic treatment disparities among patients with pancreatic cancer have been documented, variation in other aspects of care including hospice utilization have not. As such, we sought to define the incidence, as well as characterize the timing, of hospice utilization among racial/ethnic minority patients following pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer. Methods: The Medicare Standard Analytic Files were used to identify white and racial/ethnic minorities (African Americans and Hispanics) who underwent pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer. Trends and timing related to overall hospice utilization among racial/ethnic minority and white patients were analyzed. Results: Among the 6,530 individuals (median age: 73, IQR 69-78; 51.5% female; 6.6% % racial/ethnic minority) who underwent a pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer, 64.6% (n = 4221) had died by the end of the follow-period. Among deceased individuals, three-fourths of patients (n = 3149, 74.6%) had used hospice leading up to the time of death. Among individuals who died, age and comorbidity burden were similar among racial/ethnic minority and white patients; racial/ethnic minority patients were less likely, however, to have used hospice services compared with white patients (racial/ethnic minorities: n = 188, 68.9%, whites: n = 2,961, 75.0%; p = 0.024). On multivariable analysis, after controlling for clinical factors, racial/ethnic minority patients remained 27% less likely than whites to initiate hospice services prior to death (OR 0.73, 95%CI 0.56-0.95, p = 0.021). Despite overall lower use of hospice, racial/ethnic minority patients had comparable odds of late hospice utilization (i.e. within 3 days of death) versus white patients (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.49-1.14, p = 0.18). Conclusions: While most patients undergoing pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer utilized hospice services prior to death, ethnic/racial minority were less likely to use hospice services than whites. Further research should seek to better understand possible barriers to hospice initiation among racial/ethnic minority patients with cancer.
Neutralization of Oxidized Phospholipids Ameliorates Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Xiaoli Sun, Jason S. Seidman, Peng Zhao, Ty D. Troutman, Nathanael J. Spann, Xuchu Que, Fangli Zhou, Zhongji Liao, Martina Pasillas, Xiaohong Yang, Jason A. Magida, Tatiana Kisseleva, David A. Brenner, Michael Downes, Ronald M. Evans, Alan R. Saltiel, Sotirios Tsimikas, Christopher K. Glass, Joseph L. Witztum
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2019)
Green spaces and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: David Rojas-Rueda, Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen, Mireia Gascon, Daniela Perez-Leon, Pierpaolo Mudu
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2019)

BackgroundGreen spaces have been proposed to be a health determinant, improving health and wellbeing through different mechanisms. We aimed to systematically review the epidemiological evidence from longitudinal studies that have investigated green spaces and their association with all-cause mortality. We aimed to evaluate this evidence with a meta-analysis, to determine exposure-response functions for future quantitative health impact assessments.MethodsWe did a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies on green spaces and all-cause mortality. We searched for studies published and indexed in MEDLINE before Aug 20, 2019, which we complemented with an additional search of cited literature. We included studies if their design was longitudinal; the exposure of interest was measured green space; the endpoint of interest was all-cause mortality; they provided a risk estimate (ie, a hazard ratio [HR]) and the corresponding 95% CI for the association between green space exposure and all-cause mortality; and they used normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) as their green space exposure definition. Two investigators (DR-R and DP-L) independently screened the full-text articles for inclusion. We used a random-effects model to obtain pooled HRs. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42018090315.FindingsWe identified 9298 studies in MEDLINE and 13 studies that were reported in the literature but not indexed in MEDLINE, of which 9234 (99%) studies were excluded after screening the titles and abstracts and 68 (88%) of 77 remaining studies were excluded after assessment of the full texts. We included nine (12%) studies in our quantitative evaluation, which comprised 8 324 652 individuals from seven countries. Seven (78%) of the nine studies found a significant inverse relationship between an increase in surrounding greenness per 0·1 NDVI in a buffer zone of 500 m or less and the risk of all-cause mortality, but two studies found no association. The pooled HR for all-cause mortality per increment of 0·1 NDVI within a buffer of 500 m or less of a participant's residence was 0·96 (95% CI 0·94–0·97; I2, 95%).InterpretationWe found evidence of an inverse association between surrounding greenness and all-cause mortality. Interventions to increase and manage green spaces should therefore be considered as a strategic public health intervention.FundingWorld Health Organization.
The efficacy and the incidence of drowsiness with different modified administrations of olanzapine in preventing chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting.
Authors: Yu Qian, Jun Wang, Yuan Wu, Shuang Dong, Sheng Hu, Chenggang Luo, Shaozhong Wei, Fengming RAN
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

121 Background: Olanzapine is now widely used for preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). The recommended oral administration is 10 mg at bedtime. However, drowsiness is one of common side effects of olanzapine. Several modified administrations of olanzapine, such as dose reduction and early taken are being tried in clinical practice to avoid drowsiness. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 500 patients who used olanzapine for CINV from January 2018 to January 2019 in our department. Eligible criteria include patients who used the constant administration of olanzapine for at least four days to prevent acute and delayed CINV. Patients were grouped into three groups according to three different administrations of olanzapine as full dose (10mg), half dose (5 mg), and early taken (10 mg, six hours before bedtime). Eligible patients were randomly selected in each group as a ratio of 1:1:1. The frequency of CINV, the incidence of drowsiness and the duration of olanzapine administration were collected and compared. Results: There are 267 patients met the criteria and 48 patients in each group. The median frequency of CINV per day in all 144 patients was 3, 1, 1 on day 1 to 3 after chemotherapy respectively. The frequency of CINV was not different among three groups. The incidence of drowsiness was 38%, 20%, and 23% in full dose, half dose and early taken groups (P &lt; 0.05). The median days of administration were 5, 10 and 6 days in full dose, half dose and early taken group, respectively. Conclusions: Modified administration of olanzapine, both by dose reduction and early taken, could have similar effect in preventing CINV but reduced the incidence of the side effect as drowsiness. Further study should be done to explore the proper administration of olanzapine in preventing CINV.
Autologous and allogeneic transplantation for aggressive T-cell lymphomas: A single institution experience
Authors: F. Lansigan, D. Cooper, S. Seropian, F. Foss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

8558 Aggressive T-cell lymphomas (ATCL) represent 10–15% of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and have a worse prognosis than aggressive B-cell lymphomas. Both autologous (Auto) and allogeneic (Allo) stem cell transplantation have been used as consolidation in first remission and at relapse, but the role of transplantation has not been clearly defined. There were 24 Auto and 18 Allo between 8/1997 and 12/2007. The Allo group consisted of 4 PTCLu, 3 angioimmunoblastic(AITL), 2 panniculitis-like, 2 cutaneous(CTCL) with large cell transformation, 2 NK-cell, 2 anaplastic large cell(ALCL), 1 hepatosplenic, 1 enteropathic, and 1 refractory CTCL. The Auto group consisted of 6 PTCLu, 12 ALCL (5 Alk+, 5 Alk-, 2 Alk unk), 4 AITL, 1 CTCL with transformation, and 1 T-lymphoblastic lymphoma. The median age was 51y(Allo) and 52y(Auto). Median prior therapies were 3(Allo) and 1(Auto). There were 14 matched- and 4 matched-unrelated Allo transplants; 7 were ablative and 11 were reduced-intensity. Median time from diagnosis to Allo or Auto was 18 and 8mo, respectively. Median follow-up was 29mo (Allo) and 24mo (Auto). The day 100 TRM was 11%(Allo) and 4%(Auto) respectively. The relapse mortality was 11%(Allo) and 33%(Auto). The non-relapse mortality was 33%(Allo) and 8%(Auto). The 1- and 2-year overall survival(OS) rates were similar within the Allo and Auto groups (78% vs 74%, and 67% vs 60% respectively). The 1- and 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) for the Allo vs Auto groups were 68% vs 52%, and 53% vs 45%, respectively (p=0.28). Within the Auto group, 14(58%) were transplanted in first complete remission(CR1), and 10(42%) in CR2, beyond CR2, or PR. Patients in CR1 had significantly better PFS (57 vs 17mo, p=0.007) and OS (76 vs 29mo, p=0.004) than those in CR2, beyond CR2, or PR. Allo patients with prior Auto(6) had a poorer OS than patients with no prior Auto(12), 32 vs 60mo, respectively, but the results were not statistically significant, p=0.15. One Allo was transplanted in CR1 and is still alive at 33mo. We conclude that outcomes for Auto are best in CR1. For patients with resistant or relapsed disease, Allo should be strongly considered rather than Auto. These results also suggest that a prospective randomized trial comparing Auto and Allo for ATCL in first remission is warranted. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
DNA methylation-based profiling for paediatric CNS tumour diagnosis and treatment: a population-based study
Authors: Jessica C Pickles, Amy R Fairchild, Thomas J Stone, Lorelle Brownlee, Ashirwad Merve, Shireena A Yasin, Aimee Avery, Saira W Ahmed, Olumide Ogunbiyi, Jamie Gonzalez Zapata, Abigail F Peary, Marie Edwards, Lisa Wilkhu, Carryl Dryden, Dariusz Ladon, Mark Kristiansen, Catherine Rowe, Kathreena M Kurian, James A R Nicoll, Clare Mitchell, Tabitha Bloom, David A Hilton, Safa Al-Sarraj, Lawrence Doey, Paul N Johns, Leslie R Bridges, Aruna Chakrabarty, Azzam Ismail, Nitika Rathi, Khaja Syed, G Alistair Lammie, Clara Limback-Stanic, Colin Smith, Antonia Torgersen, Frances Rae, Rebecca M Hill, Steven C Clifford, Yura Grabovska, Daniel Williamson, Matthew Clarke, Chris Jones, David Capper, Martin Sill, Andreas von Deimling, Stefan M Pfister, David T W Jones, Darren Hargrave, Jane Chalker, Thomas S Jacques
Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2019)
A randomized trial of exercise on quality of life in men with metastatic prostate cancer: The ExPeCT Trial.
Authors: Grainne Sheill, Lauren Brady, Emer M. Guinan, Juliette M. Hussey, Brian Hayes, Anne-Marie Baird, Bryan Stanfill, Orla Casey, Verena Murphy, Sarah Maria Rudman, Nicola Peat, Orla Sheils, Fidelma Cahill, Mieke Van Hemelrijck, John McCaffrey, Dearbhaile M. O'Donnell, Lorelei Mucci, William Grogan, Ray McDermott, Stephen P. Finn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

97 Background: All patients living with cancer, including those with metastatic cancer, are encouraged to be physically active. This paper examines the feasibility of an aerobic exercise intervention for men with metastatic prostate cancer. Methods: ExPeCT (Exercise, Prostate Cancer and Circulating Tumour Cells), was a multi-centre randomised control trial for men living with metastatic prostate cancer. Participants were randomized to either control or exercise arms. Participants in the exercise arm completed six- months of prescribed aerobic exercise. Quality of life assessments were completed at baseline, at 3 months and at 6 months using a standardised questionnaire derived from the Harvard Health Professionals Follow-up study. Physical activity was measured using a self-administered physical activity questionnaire. Exercise adherence data was collected via Polar heart rate monitors, worn by the patient for every exercise session undertaken. Results: A total of 61 patients were included (69.4±7.3 yr, Body Mass Index 29.2±5.8 kg/m 2 ). The median time since diagnosis was 34 months (IQR 7-54). A total of 35 (55%) of participants had &gt;1 region affected by metastatic disease. A total of 54 (81%) of participants completed the 3 month assessment and 52 (78%) of the participants completed the 6 month assessment. Adherence to the supervised sessions was 83% (329 out of 396 sessions attended). Participants were adherent to both the intensity (82%) and duration (83%) of the prescribed exercise programme during class sessions. No adverse events were reported by participants enrolled in this study. There was no significant difference in physical activity levels, sedentary time or quality of life between either group at baseline, 3 months or 6 months. Systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the exercise group when compared to the control group at 3 months (p=.008) and 6 months (p=.011). Conclusions: The exercise intervention was tolerated well by a group of patients with a high burden of metastatic prostate cancer however did not lead to change in physical activity levels or quality of life. This trial provides proof of principle evidence for future exercise studies involving this patient group. Clinical trial information: NCT02453139.
Protections From Civil Liability in State Abortion Conscience Laws
Authors: Nadia N. Sawicki
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Federal and state conscience laws protect medical professionals and institutions who decline to provide certain medical services, such as those related to abortion, based on their beliefs.Federal laws and regulations protect medical professionals, hospital employees, and others from discrimination on the basis of their conscientious beliefs.Recently, the US Department of Health and Human Services agreed to delay implementation of a new regulation that strengthens the Office of Civil Rights' authority to investigate complaints of conscience-related discrimination. 1,2 State conscience laws typically provide additional protections that supplement those established by federal antidiscrimination law.For example, most states prohibit lawsuits by injured patients who are denied treatment for reasons of conscience.However, some states limit refusal rights when the exercise of those rights is likely to harm patients, such as when patients seek emergency treatment.This cross-sectional study identified state laws that grant individuals and institutions rights to refuse participation in abortion, that grant immunity from liability for such refusals, and that limit conscience rights when patient safety is at risk.
A Green Tea Polyphenol, Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, Induces Selective Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma Cells: Mechanism of Action and Therapeutic Potential.
Authors: Masood A. Shammas, Ramesh B. Batchu, Hemanta Koley, Robert C. Bertheau, Paola Neri, Raj Goyal, Kenneth C. Anderson, Nikhil C. Munshi
Journal: Blood (2005)
EV-301: A phase III trial in progress evaluating enfortumab vedotin versus chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma
Authors: D.P. Petrylak, J.E. Rosenberg, J. Lee, J. Yonese, I. Duran, Y. Loriot, G. Sonpavde, C. Wu, E.M. Gartner, A. Melhem-Bertrandt, T. Powles
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Managing the challenge of drug-induced liver injury: a roadmap for the development and deployment of preclinical predictive models
Authors: Richard J. Weaver, Eric A. Blomme, Amy E. Chadwick, Ian M. Copple, Helga H. J. Gerets, Christopher E. Goldring, Andre Guillouzo, Philip G. Hewitt, Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg, Klaus Gjervig Jensen, Satu Juhila, Ursula Klingmüller, Gilles Labbe, Michael J. Liguori, Cerys A. Lovatt, Paul Morgan, Dean J. Naisbitt, Raymond H. H. Pieters, Jan Snoeys, Bob van de Water, Dominic P. Williams, B. Kevin Park
Journal: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (2019)
Outcome of Patients (Pts) with Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive (Ph+) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) without 3-Month Complete Molecular Response (CMR)
Authors: Bachar Samra, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Koji Sasaki, Nicholas J. Short, Rita Khouri, Joseph D. Khoury, Richard E. Champlin, Partow Kebriaei, Jorge E. Cortes, Jeffrey L. Jorgensen, Sa A Wang, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Tapan M. Kadia, Gautam M. Borthakur, Srdan Verstovsek, Naval G. Daver, Guillermo Montalban-Bravo, Nitin Jain, Marina Y Konopleva, Musa E. Yilmaz, Kiran Naqvi, Susan M. O'Brien, Farhad Ravandi, Elias Jabbour
Journal: Blood (2019)