tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Practices to Foster Physician Presence and Connection With Patients in the Clinical Encounter
Authors: Donna M. Zulman, Marie C. Haverfield, Jonathan G. Shaw, Cati G. Brown-Johnson, Rachel Schwartz, Aaron A. Tierney, Dani L. Zionts, Nadia Safaeinili, Meredith Fischer, Sonoo Thadaney Israni, Steven M. Asch, Abraham Verghese
Journal: JAMA (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Time constraints, technology, and administrative demands of modern medicine often impede the human connection that is central to clinical care, contributing to physician and patient dissatisfaction. <h3>Objective</h3> To identify evidence and narrative-based practices that promote clinician presence, a state of awareness, focus, and attention with the intent to understand patients. <h3>Evidence Review</h3> Preliminary practices were derived through a systematic literature review (from January 1997 to August 2017, with a subsequent bridge search to September 2019) of effective interpersonal interventions; observations of primary care encounters in 3 diverse clinics (n = 27 encounters); and qualitative interviews with physicians (n = 10), patients (n = 27), and nonmedical professionals whose occupations involve intense interpersonal interactions (eg, firefighter, chaplain, social worker; n = 30). After evidence synthesis, promising practices were reviewed in a 3-round modified Delphi process by a panel of 14 researchers, clinicians, patients, caregivers, and health system leaders. Panelists rated each practice using 9-point Likert scales (−4 to +4) that reflected the potential effect on patient and clinician experience and feasibility of implementation; after the third round, panelists selected their "top 5" practices from among those with median ratings of at least +2 for all 3 criteria. Final recommendations incorporate elements from all highly rated practices and emphasize the practices with the greatest number of panelist votes. <h3>Findings</h3> The systematic literature review (n = 73 studies) and qualitative research activities yielded 31 preliminary practices. Following evidence synthesis, 13 distinct practices were reviewed by the Delphi panel, 8 of which met criteria for inclusion and were combined into a final set of 5 recommendations: (1) prepare with intention (take a moment to prepare and focus before greeting a patient); (2) listen intently and completely (sit down, lean forward, avoid interruptions); (3) agree on what matters most (find out what the patient cares about and incorporate these priorities into the visit agenda); (4) connect with the patient's story (consider life circumstances that influence the patient's health; acknowledge positive efforts; celebrate successes); and (5) explore emotional cues (notice, name, and validate the patient's emotions). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This mixed-methods study identified 5 practices that have the potential to enhance physician presence and meaningful connection with patients in the clinical encounter. Evaluation and validation of the outcomes associated with implementing the 5 practices is needed, along with system-level interventions to create a supportive environment for implementation.
Eliminating the breast cancer surgery paradigm after neoadjuvant systemic therapy: current evidence and future challenges
Authors: J. Heil, H.M. Kuerer, A. Pfob, G. Rauch, H.P. Sinn, M. Golatta, G.J. Liefers, M.J. Vrancken Peeters
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)

Highlights•Safe past de-escalation treatments.•Surgery after complete response might be overtreatment.•Biopsies might diagnose response.AbstractIn patients with operable early breast cancer, neoadjuvant systemic treatment (NST) is a standard approach. Indications have expanded from downstaging of locally advanced breast cancer to facilitate breast conservation, to in vivo drug-sensitivity testing. The pattern of response to NST is used to tailor systemic and locoregional treatment, that is, to escalate treatment in nonresponders and de-escalate treatment in responders. Here we discuss four questions that guide our current thinking about 'response-adjusted' surgery of the breast after NST. (i) What critical diagnostic outcome measures should be used when analyzing diagnostic tools to identify patients with pathologic complete response (pCR) after NST? (ii) How can we assess response with the least morbidity and best accuracy possible? (iii) What oncological consequences may ensue if we rely on a nonsurgical-generated diagnosis of, for example, minimally invasive biopsy proven pCR, knowing that we may miss minimal residual disease in some cases? (iv) How should we design clinical trials on de-escalation of surgical treatment after NST?
Results of Adjuvant Chemotherapy after Hepatic and/or Lung Metastases Resection of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: E.I. Gutiérrez Damian, A. Sancho Gutiérrez, M. Arruti, S. Carrera, I. Rubio, I. Marrodan, A. Muñoz, E. Azkona, A. Buque, G. Lopez-Vivanco
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
The Prognostic Significance of Tymidine Kinase Activity Levels in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: E.S. Seber, T. Korkmaz, K. Okutur, F. Dane, P.F. Yumuk, B. Aktas, M. Kanıtez, G. Demir, S.N. Turhal
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Signaling through the Inhibitory Fc Receptor FcγRIIB Induces CD8+ T Cell Apoptosis to Limit T Cell Immunity
Authors: Anna B. Morris, Clara R. Farley, David F. Pinelli, Layne E. Adams, Mark S. Cragg, Jeremy M. Boss, Christopher D. Scharer, Miguel Fribourg, Paolo Cravedi, Peter S. Heeger, Mandy L. Ford
Journal: Immunity (2020)
New Flu Antiviral Candidate May Thwart Drug Resistance
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2020)

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Erythrocyte Mean Corpuscular Volume Change During Pemetrexed Treatment in Advanced Non Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: S. Buti, P. Bordi, M. Tiseo, S. Panni, S. Novello, E. Bria, S.G. Rapetti, S. Pilotto, R. Camisa, A. Ardizzoni
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
John Edgar Dalby
Authors: Arthur Sun Myint, Jonathan Dalby, Simon Dalby
Journal: BMJ (2020)

John Edgar Dalby attended Manchester Grammar School and studied medicine at Trinity Hall, Cambridge. He served in the Royal Army Medical Corps for two years after the war. Later, he started training in radiotherapy at the Christie Hospital in Manchester under the world renowned radiotherapist Professor Ralston Paterson, in the 1950s. External beam radiotherapy was in its infancy, with only orthovoltage (low energy) machines available to treat many advanced cancers. Owing to its low energy, the penetration of radiation was poor, and most of the time it was not effective. Brachytherapy …
Microtubules Increase Diastolic Stiffness in Failing Human Cardiomyocytes and Myocardium
Authors: Matthew A. Caporizzo, Christina Yingxian Chen, Ken Bedi, Kenneth B. Margulies, Benjamin L. Prosser
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Diastolic dysfunction is a prevalent and therapeutically intractable feature of heart failure (HF). Increasing ventricular compliance can improve diastolic performance, but the viscoelastic forces that resist diastolic filling and become elevated in human HF are poorly defined. Having recently identified posttranslationally detyrosinated microtubules as a source of viscoelasticity in cardiomyocytes, we sought to test whether microtubules contribute meaningful viscoelastic resistance to diastolic stretch in human myocardium.Experiments were conducted in isolated human cardiomyocytes and trabeculae. First, slow and rapid (diastolic) stretch was applied to intact cardiomyocytes from nonfailing and HF hearts and viscoelasticity was characterized after interventions targeting microtubules. Next, intact left ventricular trabeculae from HF patient hearts were incubated with colchicine or vehicle and subject to pre- and posttreatment mechanical testing, which consisted of a staircase protocol and rapid stretches from slack length to increasing strains.Viscoelasticity was increased during diastolic stretch of HF cardiomyocytes compared with nonfailing counterparts. Reducing either microtubule density or detyrosination reduced myocyte stiffness, particularly at diastolic strain rates, indicating reduced viscous forces. In myocardial tissue, we found microtubule depolymerization reduced myocardial viscoelasticity, with an effect that decreased with increasing strain. Colchicine reduced viscoelasticity at strains below, but not above, 15%, with a 2-fold reduction in energy dissipation upon microtubule depolymerization. Post hoc subgroup analysis revealed that myocardium from patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction were more fibrotic and elastic than myocardium from patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction, which were relatively more viscous. Colchicine reduced viscoelasticity in both HF with preserved ejection fraction and HF with reduced ejection fraction myocardium.Failing cardiomyocytes exhibit elevated viscosity and reducing microtubule density or detyrosination lowers viscoelastic resistance to diastolic stretch in human myocytes and myocardium. In failing myocardium, microtubules elevate stiffness over the typical working range of strains and strain rates, but exhibited diminishing effects with increasing length, consistent with an increasing contribution of the extracellular matrix or myofilament proteins at larger excursions. These studies indicate that a stabilized microtubule network provides a viscous impediment to diastolic stretch, particularly in HF.
Abstract 15436: Transverse Right Ventricular Strain - Initial Validation of a Novel Echocardiographic Functional Index in Comparison to Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Antonino Di Franco, Jiwon Kim, Sara Rodriguez-Diego, Omar Khalique, Jonathan Y Siden, Samantha R Goldburg, Neil K Mehta, Aparna Srinivasan, Mark B Ratcliffe, Robert A Levine, Richard B Devereux, Jonathan W Weinsaft
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: RV dysfunction (RVDYS) impacts morbidity and mortality for pts with mitral regurgitation (MR). Echo strain provides a new means of quantifying RVDYS; relative utility of different strai...
Cerebral oxygen metabolism in adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Lena Václavů, Jan Petr, Esben Thade Petersen, Henri J.M.M. Mutsaerts, Charles B.L. Majoie, John C. Wood, Ed VanBavel, Aart J. Nederveen, Bart J. Biemond
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2020)

In sickle cell disease (SCD), oxygen delivery is impaired due to anemia, especially during times of increased metabolic demand, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) must increase to meet changing physiologic needs. But hyperemia limits cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) and ischemic risk prevails despite elevated CBF. The cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2 ) directly reflects oxygen supply and consumption and may therefore be more insightful than flow-based CVR measures for ischemic risk in SCD. We hypothesized that adults with SCD have impaired CMRO2 at rest and that a vasodilatory challenge with acetazolamide would improve CMRO2 . CMRO2 was calculated from CBF and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), measured with arterial spin labeling and T2 -prepared tissue relaxation with inversion recovery (T2 -TRIR) MRI. We studied 36 adults with SCD without a clinical history of overt stroke, and nine healthy controls. As expected, CBF was higher in patients with SCD versus controls (mean ± SD: 74 ± 16 versus 46 ± 5 mL/100 g/min, P < .001), resulting in similar oxygen delivery (SCD: 377 ± 67 versus controls: 368 ± 42 μmol O2 /100g/min, P = .69). OEF was lower in patients versus controls (27 ± 4 versus 35 ± 4%, P < .001), resulting in lower CMRO2 in patients versus controls (102 ± 24 versus 127 ± 20 μmol O2 /100g/min, P = .002). After acetazolamide, CMRO2 declined further in patients (P < .01) and did not decline significantly in controls (P = .78), indicating that forcing higher CBF worsened oxygen utilization in SCD patients. This lower CMRO2 could reflect variation between healthy and unhealthy vascular beds in terms of dilatory capacity and resistance whereby dysfunctional vessels become more oxygen-deprived, hence increasing the risk of localized ischemia.
Outcomes for Elderly, Advanced–Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients Treated with Amrubicin (AMR) as Third-Line or Fourth-Line Chemotherapy: Analysis of Hokkaido Lung Cancer Clinical Study Group Trial (HOT) 0901
Authors: S. Oizumi, T. Harada, K. Takamura, S. Sugawara, M. Maemondo, Y. Fujita, I. Kinoshita, H. Dosaka-Akita, H. Isobe, M. Nishimura
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Hepatic Tumor Formation in Adult Mice Developmentally Exposed to Organotin
Authors: Tiffany A. Katz, Sandra L. Grimm, Akhilesh Kaushal, Jianrong Dong, Lindsey S. Treviño, Rahul K. Jangid, Adriana V. Gaitán, Jean-Philippe Bertocchio, Youchen Guan, Matthew J. Robertson, Robert M. Cabrera, Milton J. Finegold, Charles E. Foulds, Cristian Coarfa, Cheryl Lyn Walker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2020)

Background: Tributyltin (TBT) is a persistent and bioaccumulative environmental toxicant. Developmental exposure to TBT has been shown to cause fatty liver disease (steatosis), as well as increased adiposity in many species, leading to its characterization as an obesogen. Objective: We aimed to determine the long-term effects of developmental TBT exposure on the liver. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were exposed to a dose of TBT (0.5mg/kg body weight per day; 3.07μM) below the current developmental no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) via drinking water, or drinking water alone, provided to the dam from preconception through lactation. Sires were exposed during breeding and lactation. Pups from two parity cycles were included in this study. Animals were followed longitudinally, and livers of offspring were analyzed by pathological evaluation, immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and RNA sequencing. Results: Developmental exposure to TBT led to increased adiposity and hepatic steatosis at 14 and 20 weeks of age and increased liver adenomas at 45 weeks of age in male offspring. Female offspring displayed increased adiposity as compared with males, but TBT did not lead to an increase in fatty liver or tumor development in female offspring. Liver tumors in male mice were enriched in pathways and gene signatures associated with human and rodent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This includes down-regulation of growth hormone receptor (GHR) and of STAT5 signaling, which occurred in response to TBT exposure and preceded liver tumor development. Conclusions: These data reveal a previously unappreciated ability of TBT to increase risk for liver tumorigenesis in mice in a sex-specific manner. Taken together, these findings provide new insights into how early life environmental exposures contribute to liver disease in adulthood. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5414
Abstract 142: Partnering With Survivors and Families to Set Cardiac Arrest Research Priorities: Moving Towards More Patient-Oriented Resuscitation Research
Authors: Katie N Dainty, Laurie J Morrison, Christian Vaillancourt, Doug Sinclair, Andreas Laupacis, Judah Goldstein, Matthew Church, Jim Christenson, Bianca Seaton
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: “Priority setting” is something that we do in research in order to get a range of opinions on what research questions are the most important or timely in a particular field. This is typically done with a group of expert health care providers and researchers and has not involved patients, family or the public. Methods: With funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research we partnered with the James Lind Alliance (JLA) in the UK to use their proven consensus methodology to build a Public Priority Setting Partnerships (PSP) on out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA). We developed and administered two rounds of online surveys with survivors, family members and health care professionals to create the initial priority lists. From there we held a full-day in-person workshop to come to consensus on the top 10 priorities from a short list of 25. The workshop also included survivors, family members and health care professionals. Results: The initial survey yielded more than 425 responses and 1500 “questions”/comments from survivors, family members, lay responders, physicians, nurses, rehabilitation specialists, paramedics, etc. The second survey asked participants to rank a narrowed list of 125 questions. The final top 25 questions were brought to the in-person consensus meeting and a top 10 were selected. The results will be revealed publicly for the first time at the ReSS meeting. Conclusions: The JLA methodology is world-renowned for its rigor and we now have an official PSP on OHCA. This type of inclusive research priority setting provides crucial information for the AHA and the international resuscitation research community about where to invest our limited research resources. The results will also drive our community to include questions that matter to SCA survivors and their families in all of our work.
A Phase 1 Study of MM-111; A Bispecific HER2/HER3 Antibody Fusion Protein, Combined with Multiple Treatment Regimens in Patients with Advanced HER2 Positive Solid Tumors
Authors: D. Richards, F. Braiteh, S. Anthony, W. Edenfield, B. Hellerstedt, R. Raju, P. Conkling, C. McDonagh, S. Frye, V. Moyo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
PD-0021 Hand-Foot-Syndrome (HFS) is a Clinical Predictor of Survival in Capecitabine Treated Patients (PTS) with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Sebastian Stintzing, Andreas Hochhaus, Ludwig Fischer von Weikersthal, Ruediger Laubender, Deniz Gencer, Iris Burkholder, Volker Heinemann, Ralf Hofheinz
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Light-activated oxygen self-supplied starving therapy in near-infrared (NIR) window and adjuvant hyperthermia-induced tumor ablation with an augmented sensitivity
Authors: Junjie Ren, Lei Zhang, Jiayi Zhang, Wei Zhang, Yang Cao, Zhigang Xu, Hongjuan Cui, Yuejun Kang, Peng Xue
Journal: Biomaterials (2020)
Genetic Susceptibility Determines β-Cell Function and Fasting Glycemia Trajectories Throughout Childhood: A 12-Year Cohort Study (EarlyBird 76)
Authors: Jerome Carayol, Joanne Hosking, Jonathan Pinkney, Julien Marquis, Aline Charpagne, Sylviane Metairon, Alison Jeffery, Jörg Hager, Francois-Pierre Martin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

Previous studies suggested that childhood prediabetes may develop prior to obesity and be associated with relative insulin deficiency. We proposed that the insulin-deficient phenotype is genetically determined and tested this hypothesis by longitudinal modeling of insulin and glucose traits with diabetes risk genotypes in the EarlyBird cohort.EarlyBird is a nonintervention prospective cohort study that recruited 307 healthy U.K. children at 5 years of age and followed them throughout childhood. We genotyped 121 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with diabetes risk, identified in the adult population. Association of SNPs with fasting insulin and glucose and HOMA indices of insulin resistance and β-cell function, available from 5 to 16 years of age, were tested. Association analysis with hormones was performed on selected SNPs.Several candidate loci influenced the course of glycemic and insulin traits, including rs780094 (GCKR), rs4457053 (ZBED3), rs11257655 (CDC123), rs12779790 (CDC123 and CAMK1D), rs1111875 (HHEX), rs7178572 (HMG20A), rs9787485 (NRG3), and rs1535500 (KCNK16). Some of these SNPs interacted with age, the growth hormone-IGF-1 axis, and adrenal and sex steroid activity.The findings that genetic markers influence both elevated and average courses of glycemic traits and β-cell function in children during puberty independently of BMI are a significant step toward early identification of children at risk for diabetes. These findings build on our previous observations that pancreatic β-cell defects predate insulin resistance in the onset of prediabetes. Understanding the mechanisms of interactions among genetic factors, puberty, and weight gain would allow the development of new and earlier disease-management strategies in children.
Efficacy of Triplet Antiemetic Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy: Palonosetron, Aprepitant, and Dexamethasone
Authors: M. Hayashi, S. Miura, K. Sato, M. Makino, O. Kobayashi, H. Miyao, A. Iwashima, K. Ichikawa, J. Koshio, S. Watanabe, J. Tanaka, H. Kagamu, A. Yokoyama, I. Narita, H. Yoshizawa
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Adjuvant Aromathase Inhibitors (AIS) Hormone Therapy (HT): Which Reasons Lead Patients (PTS) to Discontinue Treatment? A Mono Institutional Analysis
Authors: L. Moscetti, M.A. Fabbri, I. Sperduti, P. Frittelli, F. Nelli, A. Massari, G. D'Auria, L. Pompei, E.M. Ruggeri
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Abstract 357: Cerebral Arterial Endothelial Dysfunction in the Post-Cardiac Arrest Period
Authors: Frederik B Hansen, Goncalo Esteves, Niels Secher, Bo Lofgren, Ulf Simonsen, Asger Granfeldt
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Cardiac arrest (CA) has a poor prognosis due to brain injury that progresses over time. Endothelial dysfunction may play an important role in the impairment of the cerebral circulation after CA. Aims: To investigate 1) whether endothelial dysfunction is present in cerebral arteries, and 2) if the altered endothelial function is caused by increased activity of calcium-activated potassium (K ca ) channels. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (403g±24g) were anaesthetized, intubated and ventilated. Four groups were examined; two CA groups observed for either 2 hours (2h-CA, n=10) or 4 hours (4h-CA, n=10) and two corresponding sham groups (2h-sham, n=10; 4h-sham, n=10). Following 7 minutes of asphyxial CA, the rats were resuscitated using adrenaline, ventilation, and chest compressions. Middle cerebral arteries were isolated and examined in wire-myographs. Results: Cerebral vasodilation was significantly enhanced in response to bradykinin in arteries from 4h-CA rats when compared to 4h-sham rats (4h-sham: E max 58% (5.57 of 9.69) ± 6% vs 4h-CA: E max 84% (6.16 of 7.32) ± 4%, p=0.007). Likewise, vasodilation induced by NS309 (K Ca -channel activator) was increased in CA rats when compared to sham rats. In the presence of L-NAME (NO synthase inhibitor), bradykinin induced vasodilation was significantly augmented in 4h-CA rats when compared to 4h-sham rats, whereas SNP (NO donor) induced vasodilation was similar between groups. In the presence of L-NAME and K Ca -channel blockers (UCL1684 and ICA-17043), bradykinin induced vasodilation was abolished in cerebral arteries in all four groups. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate an enhanced endothelial-dependent vasodilation in cerebral arteries in the post-cardiac arrest period. The increased vasodilatory response may be explained by increased endothelial K Ca -channel activity and bioavailability of NO, and may contribute to dysregulation of cerebral blood flow after CA.