tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low Rates of Chemotherapy Use for Primary, High-Grade Soft Tissue Sarcoma: A National Cancer Database Analysis
Authors: Danielle S. Graham, Mykola Onyshchenko, Mark A. Eckardt, Benjamin J. DiPardo, Sriram Venigalla, Scott D. Nelson, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, Jacob E. Shabason, Fritz C. Eilber, Anusha Kalbasi
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2020)

Background: There is conflicting evidence regarding the role of chemotherapy for high-grade soft tissue sarcoma (STS) in adults. We sought to characterize patterns of chemotherapy use, including multiagent and neoadjuvant chemotherapy, in the United States. Patients and Methods: Using the National Cancer Database, we identified 19,969 adult patients who underwent surgical resection for primary high-grade STS from 2004 to 2016. Using logistic regression, we examined factors associated with overall, multiagent, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy use. Results: Chemotherapy was administered to 22% (n=4,377) of the study population. Among patients treated using chemotherapy, 85% received multiagent treatment and 47% received neoadjuvant treatment. On multivariate analysis, factors associated with chemotherapy use included tumor size, depth, histology, and primary site; receipt of radiation treatment; younger age; higher patient income; and academic treatment facility. Factors associated with multiagent chemotherapy use included tumor histology, tumor primary site, and younger age. Factors associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy use included tumor size, depth, margin status, and primary site; receipt of radiation treatment; higher patient income; academic treatment facility type; and distance to treatment facility. Treatment at a high-volume facility was the only factor associated with overall, multiagent, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy use. No significant temporal trend was seen in overall, multiagent, or neoadjuvant chemotherapy use. Conclusions: Overall chemotherapy use was low (22%). The variability in chemotherapy use was driven by clinical, patient, demographic, and facility factors. Among patients treated with chemotherapy, the use of multiagent chemotherapy was high (85%), and nearly half received neoadjuvant therapy. There was a discrepancy in the use of chemotherapy—including neoadjuvant and multiagent chemotherapy—between high- and low-volume treatment centers.
3D‐Printed Tissue Models: Engineering a Novel 3D Printed Vascularized Tissue Model for Investigating Breast Cancer Metastasis to Bone (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 15/2020)
Authors: Haitao Cui, Timothy Esworthy, Xuan Zhou, Sung Yun Hann, Robert I. Glazer, Rong Li, Lijie Grace Zhang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

To better study cancer metastasis, in article number 1900924 by Lijie Grace Zhang and co-workers, a 3D printed in vitro vascularized cancer model is created by integrating a tumor, an endothelialized vessel, and a nanobone tissue using various inks to demonstrate the multiple interactions between breast cancer cells and the vascularized bone environment. It is expected that the model will be notably valuable for future cancer research and new therapeutic discovery.
NIR fluorescence for monitoring in vivo scaffold degradation along with stem cell tracking in bone tissue engineering
Authors: Soon Hee Kim, Ji Hoon Park, Jin Seon Kwon, Jae Gu Cho, Kate G. Park, Chan Hum Park, James J. Yoo, Anthony Atala, Hak Soo Choi, Moon Suk Kim, Sang Jin Lee
Journal: Biomaterials (2020)
STROBE-metagenomics: a STROBE extension statement to guide the reporting of metagenomics studies
Authors: Tehmina Bharucha, Clarissa Oeser, Francois Balloux, Julianne R Brown, Ellen C Carbo, Andre Charlett, Charles Y Chiu, Eric C J Claas, Marcus C de Goffau, Jutte J C de Vries, Marc Eloit, Susan Hopkins, Jim F Huggett, Duncan MacCannell, Sofia Morfopoulou, Avindra Nath, Denise M O'Sullivan, Lauren B Reoma, Liam P Shaw, Igor Sidorov, Patricia J Simner, Le Van Tan, Emma C Thomson, Lucy van Dorp, Michael R Wilson, Judith Breuer, Nigel Field
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2020)
Diverticular endoscopic band ligation of Zenker’s diverticulum
Authors: Wei-Qing Chen, Xu Tian, Bing Shi
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

A 35-year-old woman who reported a 1-year history of halitosis, regurgitation, and progressive dysphagia was referred to our department. Barium swallow showed a diverticulum in the upper esophagus ([Fig. 1]). Gastroscopy (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) revealed food remnants in a diverticulum that was 15 cm from the incisors ([Fig. 2 a]). After discussing all potential therapeutic options with the patient, she was offered endoscopic treatment.
The Association Between Antidepressant Exposure and Birth Defects—Are We There Yet?
Authors: Katherine L. Wisner, Tim F. Oberlander, Krista F. Huybrechts
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Pediatric Patient and Caregiver Values in Treatment Decision-making for Uncomplicated Appendicitis
Authors: Jordan C. Apfeld, Jennifer N. Cooper, Peter C. Minneci, Katherine J. Deans
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

This study makes a substantial contribution by describing spanking epidemiology over 25 consecutive cohorts of agehomogenous parents.The data reflect parents' use of spanking rather than whether a specific child was spanked.The primary limitation of these data was the single-item measure of spanking with limited response options.Although a downward trend was observed, there is a clear need for ongoing education about alternative discipline strategies.
Genetic associations of T cell cancer immune response-related genes with T cell phenotypes and clinical outcomes of early-stage lung cancer
Authors: Qinchuan Wang, Jianchun Gu, Linbo Wang, David W Chang, Yuanqing Ye, Maosheng Huang, Jack A Roth, Xifeng Wu
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Background Recent advances in T cell-related immunotherapy have brought remarkable progress in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, whether and how genetic variations of T cell cancer immune response genes can influence clinical outcomes of NSCLC patients remain obscure. Methods In this multiphase study, we assessed 2450 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 280 T cell cancer immune response-related genes in 941 early-stage NSCLC patients (discovery n=536; validation n=405) to analyze the variants’ associations with outcomes and to observe the effects on T cell phenotypes. Results We found 14 SNPs in 10 genes were associated with NSCLC outcomes (p&lt;0.05) in both phases. Among them, TRB :rs1964986 was the most significant variant associated with recurrence risk after meta-analysis (HR 1.84, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.52, p=1.15E-04), while IDO1 :rs10108662 was the most significant SNP associated with death risk (HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.40 to 2.51, p=2.17E-05). Analysis of unfavorable genotypes indicated cumulative effects on death and recurrence risks. Seven treatment-specific variants were found to predict opposite outcomes in surgery-only and surgery-plus-chemotherapy subgroups. Expression quantitative trait loci analysis indicated that six SNPs significantly correlated with their corresponding gene expression. T cells from high-risk subjects displayed reduced degranulation (p=0.02) and decreased cytotoxicity against cancer cells (p&lt;0.01). Gene expression profile indicated increased IDO1 expression and decreased IL2, PRF and GZMB expression in high-risk subjects. Conclusions Genetic variations in T cell cancer immune response pathways can impact outcomes and may be served as predictors for treatment efficacy in early-stage NSCLC patients. The correlation between immune genotypes and T cell antitumor immunity suggests a biological link between host immune genetics and NSCLC prognosis.
Trends in Costs of Care for Medicare Beneficiaries Treated in the Emergency Department From 2011 to 2016
Authors: Laura G. Burke, Ryan C. Burke, Stephen K. Epstein, E. John Orav, Ashish K. Jha
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> There is little evidence regarding how total costs of care associated with an emergency department (ED) visit have changed, despite increasing policy focus on the value of acute care. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine trends in total standardized 30-day costs of care associated with an ED visit. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cross-sectional study of 14 113 088 ED visits at 4730 EDs from 2011 to 2016 included a 20% national sample of traditional Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older. Data analysis was conducted from August 2018 to April 2020. <h3>Exposures</h3> Time (year) as a continuous variable. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Trends in disposition from the ED and 30-day total standardized costs for all ED visits as well as the following spending components: index visit cost, physician costs, subsequent ED visit costs, subsequent inpatient costs, subsequent observation costs, non-ED outpatient care, postacute care, and aggregated total spending after the index ED visit. <h3>Results</h3> The analytic sample consisted of 14 113 088 ED visits at 4730 EDs. The mean (SD) beneficiary age was 78.6 (8.6) years, 8 573 652 visits (60.7%) were among women, and 11 908 691 visits (84.7%) were among white patients. The proportion of patients discharged from the ED rose from 1 233 701 of 2 309 563 visits (53.4%) in 2011 to 1 279 701 of 2 268 363 visits (56.4%) in 2016. Total adjusted 30-day standardized costs of care declined from a mean (SE) of $8851 ($35.3) in 2011 to a mean (SE) of $8143 ($35.4) in 2016 (−$126/y; 95% CI, −$130 to −$121;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) for all ED visits. This decrease was primarily associated with a decline in total spending on the index ED visit (−$48/y; 95% CI, −$50 to −$47;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) as well as lower spending on postacute care (−$42/y; 95% CI, −$44 to −$41;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and subsequent inpatient care (−$34/y; 95% CI, −$36 to −$32;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). There was an increase in spending after the index visit on downstream observation care ($3.6/y; 95% CI, $3.5 to $3.7;<i>P</i> &lt; .001), outpatient ED care ($4.6/y; 95% CI, $4.4 to $4.8;<i>P</i> &lt; .001), and other outpatient care ($15/y; 95% CI, $12 to $18;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this study, total 30-day standardized costs of ED care for Medicare beneficiaries decreased in recent years. It may be that more intensive ED spending up front is associated with reductions in total costs of an acute episode.
Cross‐sectional pilot study exploring the feasibility of a rapid SARS‐CoV‐2 immunization test in health and nonhealthcare workers
Authors: María M. Escribese, Estanislao Nistal‐Villan, Paloma Fernandez, Pilar Rico, Isabel A. Martin‐Antoniano, Alicia de la Cuerda, Tomas Chivato, Domingo Barber
Journal: Allergy (2020)

Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The prevalence of mental illness in refugees and asylum seekers: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rebecca Blackmore, Jacqueline A. Boyle, Mina Fazel, Sanjeeva Ranasinha, Kylie M. Gray, Grace Fitzgerald, Marie Misso, Melanie Gibson-Helm
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2020)

Background Globally, the number of refugees and asylum seekers has reached record highs. Past research in refugee mental health has reported wide variation in mental illness prevalence data, partially attributable to methodological limitations. This systematic review aims to summarise the current body of evidence for the prevalence of mental illness in global refugee populations and overcome methodological limitations of individual studies. Methods and findings A comprehensive search of electronic databases was undertaken from 1 January 2003 to 4 February 2020 (MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, EBM Reviews, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, PILOTS, Web of Science). Quantitative studies were included if diagnosis of mental illness involved a clinical interview and use of a validated assessment measure and reported at least 50 participants. Study quality was assessed using a descriptive approach based on a template according to study design (modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale). Random-effects models, based on inverse variance weights, were conducted. Subgroup analyses were performed for sex, sample size, displacement duration, visa status, country of origin, current residence, type of interview (interpreter-assisted or native language), and diagnostic measure. The systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD) 42016046349. The search yielded a result of 21,842 records. Twenty-six studies, which included one randomised controlled trial and 25 observational studies, provided results for 5,143 adult refugees and asylum seekers. Studies were undertaken across 15 countries: Australia (652 refugees), Austria (150), China (65), Germany (1,104), Italy (297), Lebanon (646), Nepal (574), Norway (64), South Korea (200), Sweden (86), Switzerland (164), Turkey (238), Uganda (77), United Kingdom (420), and the United States of America (406). The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was 31.46% (95% CI 24.43–38.5), the prevalence of depression was 31.5% (95% CI 22.64–40.38), the prevalence of anxiety disorders was 11% (95% CI 6.75–15.43), and the prevalence of psychosis was 1.51% (95% CI 0.63–2.40). A limitation of the study is that substantial heterogeneity was present in the prevalence estimates of PTSD, depression, and anxiety, and limited covariates were reported in the included studies. Conclusions This comprehensive review generates current prevalence estimates for not only PTSD but also depression, anxiety, and psychosis. Refugees and asylum seekers have high and persistent rates of PTSD and depression, and the results of this review highlight the need for ongoing, long-term mental health care beyond the initial period of resettlement.
Correspondence to ‘Associations of regular glucosamine use with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a large prospective cohort study’ by Li<i>et al</i>
Authors: Hann-Ziong Yueh, Chih-Jung Yeh, James Cheng-Chung Wei
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

With great interest, we have read the recent article from Li et al, which addressed the link between regular glucosamine use and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a large prospective cohort from the UK biobank.1 These authors are dedicated to providing valuable insights and comprehensive analysis for HRs associated with glucosamine use, 0.85 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.89) of all-cause mortality, 0.82 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.90) of cardiovascular disease mortality, 0.94 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.99) of cancer mortality, 0.73 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.81) of respiratory mortality and 0.74 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.90) of digestive mortality. However, some methodological issues of these findings must be considered.

First, the definition of regular glucosamine …
An open-label, phase II multicohort study of an oral hypomethylating agent CC-486 and durvalumab in advanced solid tumors
Authors: Kirsty Taylor, Helen Loo Yau, Ankur Chakravarthy, Ben Wang, Shu Yi Shen, Ilias Ettayebi, Charles A Ishak, Philippe L Bedard, Albiruni Abdul Razak, Aaron R Hansen, Anna Spreafico, Dave Cescon, Marcus O Butler, Amit M Oza, Stephanie Lheureux, Neda Stjepanovic, Brendan Van As, Sarah Boross-Harmer, Lisa Wang, Trevor J Pugh, Pamela S Ohashi, Lillian L Siu, Daniel D De Carvalho
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Purpose To evaluate whether administration of the oral DNA hypomethylating agent CC-486 enhances the poor response rate of immunologically ‘cold’ solid tumors to immune checkpoint inhibitor durvalumab. Experimental design PD-L1/PD-1 inhibitor naïve patients with advanced microsatellite stable colorectal cancer; platinum resistant ovarian cancer; and estrogen receptor positive, HER2 negative breast cancer were enrolled in this single-institution, investigator-initiated trial. Two 28 day regimens, regimen A (CC-486 300 mg QD Days 1–14 (cycles 1–3 only) in combination with durvalumab 1500 mg intravenous day 15) and regimen B (CC-486 100 mg QD days 1–21 (cycle 1 and beyond), vitamin C 500 mg once a day continuously and durvalumab 1500 mg intravenous day 15) were investigated. Patients underwent paired tumor biopsies and serial peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collection for immune-profiling, transcriptomic and epigenomic analyzes. Results A total of 28 patients were enrolled, 19 patients treated on regimen A and 9 on regimen B. The combination of CC-486 and durvalumab was tolerable. Regimen B, with a lower dose of CC-486 extended over a longer treatment course, showed less grade 3/4 adverse effects. Global LINE-1 methylation assessment of serial PBMCs and genome-wide DNA methylation profile in paired tumor biopsies demonstrated minimal changes in global methylation in both regimens. The lack of robust tumor DNA demethylation was accompanied by an absence of the expected ‘viral mimicry’ inflammatory response, and consequently, no clinical responses were observed. The disease control rate was 7.1%. The median progression-free survival was 1.9 months (95% CI 1.5 to 2.3) and median overall survival was 5 months (95% CI 4.5 to 10). Conclusions The evaluated treatment schedules of CC-486 in combination with durvalumab did not demonstrate robust pharmacodynamic or clinical activity in selected immunologically cold solid tumors. Lessons learned from this biomarker-rich study should inform continued drug development efforts using these agents. Trial registration number NCT02811497 .
Abstract MP56: A Gene-centric Association Study of Activated Partial Thromoplastin Time in European Americans and African Americans: The ARIC Study
Authors: Lu-Chen Weng, Weihong Tang, Mary Cushman, James S Pankow, Saonli Basu, Aaron R Folsom
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is commonly used to screen for coagulation factor deficiencies. Shorter aPTT is also a risk marker for incident and recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE). Genetic factors influencing aPTT are not well understood. aPTT was associated with common genetic variants of coagulation factors V (F5), XI (F11), XII (F12), KNG1, HRG, and ABO in previously reported genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that were conducted in individuals of European ancestry; no data have been reported in other race groups. Hypothesis: The present study aimed to identify aPTT-related gene variants in European Americans (EAs) and African Americans (AAs). Methods: We conducted a large-scale candidate gene study for aPTT in 9,719 EAs and 2,799 AAs from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Subjects on anticoagulants were excluded. Nearly 50,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in 2,100 candidate genes were genotyped by the Candidate gene Association Resource (CARe) gene chip. The association between each SNP and aPTT was assessed with an additive genetic model using linear regression adjusted for age, sex, and field center. We additionally adjusted for principal components in AAs to account for potential population stratification. P-value for significant threshold was set at 2x10-6 after accounting for multiple testing. Results: In EAs, fifty-five SNPs from F5, HRG, KNG1, F11, F12, and ABO genes exceeded the significant p-value threshold. The signals in HRG, KNG1, F11, F12, and ABO genes replicated the previously reported GWAS findings. The top variant in F5 identified in EAs was only weakly associated with the previously reported GWAS variant (rs2239852, p=1.89x10-08 and r2=0.02 with rs9332701 reported in the previously reported GWAS). In AAs, twenty-seven SNPs from the HRG, KNG1, F12, and ABO genes were significantly associated with aPTT. The top signals from the HRG (rs9898, p=1.19x10-27) and KNG1 genes ( rs710446 , p=8.41x10-42) replicated the previously reported signals in EAs with similar effect size and direction of association, but the top signals in the F12 and ABO genes were weakly associated with the previously reported variants in EAs (rs1801020 in F12: p=1.01x10-84 and r2=0.12 with rs2545801, and rs8176722 in ABO: p=1.62x10-29 and r2=0.26 with rs687621 , respectively). Conclusions: Our study replicated the previously reported associations of aPTT with HRG, KNG1, F11, F12, and ABO genes in EAs and with HRG and KNG1 in AAs. The signals from F5 identified in EAs and from F12 and ABO identified in AAs may represent new genetic variants for aPTT.
Dosing-related saturation of toxicity and accelerated drug clearance with pegaspargase treatment
Authors: Yiwei Liu, John C. Panetta, Wenjian Yang, Seth E. Karol, Cheng Cheng, Jun J. Yang, William E. Evans, Hiroto Inaba, Ching-Hon Pui, Sima Jeha, Mary V. Relling
Journal: Blood (2020)
KAT7 is a genetic vulnerability of acute myeloid leukemias driven by MLL rearrangements
Authors: Yan Zi Au, Muxin Gu, Etienne De Braekeleer, Malgorzata Gozdecka, Demetrios Aspris, Yusuke Tarumoto, Jonathan Cooper, Jason Yu, Swee Hoe Ong, Xi Chen, Konstantinos Tzelepis, Brian J. P. Huntly, George Vassiliou, Kosuke Yusa
Journal: Leukemia (2020)
Abstract 12006: Pathophysiological Role of Browning of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in the Development of Vascular Remodeling
Authors: Yusuke Adachi, Kazutaka Ueda, Kaoru Ito, Eiki Takimoto, Issei Komuro
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) possibly plays a pivotal role in vascular remodeling through its direct local action on the vessels. Some specific conditions such as cold exposure pr...