tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute and Persistent Withdrawal Syndromes Following Discontinuation of Psychotropic Medications
Authors: Fiammetta Cosci, Guy Chouinard
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2020)

Studies on psychotropic medications decrease, discontinuation, or switch have uncovered withdrawal syndromes. The present overview aimed at analyzing the literature to illustrate withdrawal after decrease, discontinuation, or switch of psychotropic medications based on the drug class (i.e., benzodiazepines, nonbenzodiazepine benzodiazepine receptor agonists, antidepressants, ketamine, antipsychotics, lithium, mood stabilizers) according to the diagnostic criteria of Chouinard and Chouinard [Psychother Psychosom. 2015;84(2):63–71], which encompass new withdrawal symptoms, rebound symptoms, and persistent post-withdrawal disorders. All these drugs may induce withdrawal syndromes and rebound upon discontinuation, even with slow tapering. However, only selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, and antipsychotics were consistently also associated with persistent post-withdrawal disorders and potential high severity of symptoms, including alterations of clinical course, whereas the distress associated with benzodiazepines discontinuation appears to be short-lived. As a result, the common belief that benzodiazepines should be substituted by medications that cause less dependence such as antidepressants and antipsychotics runs counter the available literature. Ketamine, and probably its derivatives, may be classified as at high risk for dependence and addiction. Because of the lag phase that has taken place between the introduction of a drug into the market and the description of withdrawal symptoms, caution is needed with the use of newer antidepressants and antipsychotics. Within medication classes, alprazolam, lorazepam, triazolam, paroxetine, venlafaxine, fluphenazine, perphenazine, clozapine, and quetiapine are more likely to induce withdrawal. The likelihood of withdrawal manifestations that may be severe and persistent should thus be taken into account in clinical practice and also in children and adolescents.
Abstract 11998: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor or Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Therapy is Not Associated With Patient-Reported Peripheral Artery Disease Specific Health Status: Data From the PORTRAIT Study
Authors: Ashwath Kumar, Kim Smolderen, Kensey Gosch, Phil Jones, Nancy Stone, Herbert Aronow, John Beltrame, David M Safley
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: While medication is a mainstay of peripheral artery disease (PAD) symptom management, there are sparse data from smaller studies with limited follow up exploring the association betwe...
Abstract 11503: Evening Caloric Intake is Associated With Cardiovascular Health in Women: Results From the American Heart Association Go Red for Women Strategically Focused Research Network
Authors: Nour Makarem, Dorothy D Sears, Marie-Pierre St-Onge, Sheila F Castaneda, Linda Gallo, Gregory A Talavera, Ming Liao, Stephanie Byun, Zara Mayat, Faris M Zuraikat, Brooke A Aggarwal
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Alignment of food intake with circadian rhythms may alter cardiometabolic risk, but evidence is limited. Existing observational studies are cross-sectional and rely on intakes from 1-...
Crucial role of histone deacetylase SIRT1 in myeloid-derived suppressor cell-mediated reprogramming of CD4+ T-cell differentiation
Authors: Lin Dong, Yujing Bi, Anna Jia, Qing Yu, Yuexin Wang, Yufei Wang, Qiuli Yang, Yejin Cao, Ying He, Ruichen Liu, Yan Li, Guangwei Liu
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2020)
UNEXPLAINED SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH WITH DYNAMIC ECG AND CARDIAC IMAGING FINDINGS THAT NORMALIZE: ELUCIDATION THROUGH GENETIC TESTING AND UNEXPECTED DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: George Clements, Brian Barr, Aloke V. Finn, Charles Hong, Stephen Shorofsky, Timm Dickfeld, Alejandro Jimenez, Libin Wang, Vincent Y. See
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
HBS1L-MYB intergenic Variants Modulate Fetal Hemoglobin Via Long-Range MYB Enhancers
Authors: Ralph Stadhouders, Suleyman Aktuna, Supat Thongjuea, Ali Aghajanirefah, Farzin Pourfarzad, Wilfred van Ijcken, Boris Lenhard, Helen Rooks, Steve Best, Stephan Menzel, Frank Grosveld, Swee Lay Thein, Eric Soler
Journal: Blood (2013)
Effect of Cost and Formulation on Persistence and Adherence to Initial Metformin Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: James H. Flory, Alvin I. Mushlin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

Patients taking metformin adhere to their prescribed regimen, on average, about 65% of the time (1,2). Given metformin’s central role in type 2 diabetes management, optimizing adherence is important. Common causes of nonadherence include cost and side effects. Metformin is inexpensive but causes gastrointestinal side effects in up to 25% of patients (2). Extended-release (ER) formulations reduce side effects but may cost more, and they have not been clearly shown to improve adherence in routine practice (3). As a result, although it is common practice to change from immediate release (IR) formulations to ER once patients develop side effects, there is not a consensus on whether ER formulations should routinely be used when metformin is first prescribed (3). We undertook a retrospective cohort study of how cost and initial choice of formulation affect adherence and persistence to metformin.

The study used merged de-identified claims data from commercial insurance carriers in the U.S. from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2016 (4). A cohort was identified of patients age 18 years or older who filled an initial 30-day prescription for …
Leveraging early markers of cystic fibrosis structural lung disease to improve outcomes
Authors: Patrick A. Flume, Donald R. VanDevanter
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>Wijker and colleagues have demonstrated the link of inflammation and obstruction to eventual structural disease in CF. Now we may have another clinical endpoint by which we can judge the impact of early interventions.</b>http://bit.ly/2v5A5Qw
Land-Use Change and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in an Urbanizing Area of South India: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Carles Milà, Otavio Ranzani, Margaux Sanchez, Albert Ambrós, Santhi Bhogadi, Sanjay Kinra, Manolis Kogevinas, Payam Dadvand, Cathryn Tonne
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2020)

Land-use changes in city fringes due to urbanization can lead to a reduction of greenspace that may reduce its associated health benefits.We evaluated the association between changes in residential surrounding built-up land use and cardiometabolic risk factors in an urbanizing peri-urban area of south India and explored the mediating roles of air pollution, physical activity, and stress in these associations.We analyzed data on 6,039 adults from the third follow-up of the Andhra Pradesh Children and Parent Study (APCAPS) cohort (2010-2012). We generated trajectories of change in residential surrounding built-up land use (buffer areas) from 1995-2009 (stable, slow increase, fast increase) using remote sensing data and image classification methods. We estimated associations between built-up land use trajectories and natural log-transformed blood pressure, waist circumference, triglycerides, fasting glucose, and non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol using linear mixed models. We accounted for multiple mediators and the multilevel structure of the data in mediation analyses.We observed positive associations between a fast increase in built-up land use within 300m of the home and all cardiometabolic risk factors. Compared with participants with stable trajectories, those with the largest increase in built-up land use had 1.5% (95% CI: 0.1, 2.9) higher systolic blood pressure, 2.4% (95% CI: 0.6, 4.3) higher diastolic blood pressure, 2.1% (95% CI: 0.5, 3.8) higher waist circumference, and 1.6% (95% CI: -0.6, 3.8) higher fasting glucose in fully adjusted models. Associations were positive, but not statistically significant, for triglycerides, fasting glucose, and non-HDL cholesterol. Physical activity and ambient particulate matter ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) partially mediated the estimated associations. Associations between fast build-up and all cardiometabolic risk factors except non-HDL cholesterol were stronger in women than men.Increases in built-up land use surrounding residences were consistently associated with higher levels of cardiometabolic risk factors. Our findings support the need for better integration of health considerations in urban planning in rapidly urbanizing settings. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5445.
Covid-19: Testing times for the government—but not for NHS staff
Authors: Andy Cowper
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Covid-19 is no respecter of individual people, as shown by the rapid domino effect of infections in Whitehall-ranging from Chris Whitty, chief medical officer (now recovered and back at work), to the health secretary, Matt Hancock (who was visibly unwell at the opening of the NHS Nightingale Hospital at ExCeL London 1 ), to the prime minister's special adviser, Dominic Cummings, 2 and the prime minister himself, Boris Johnson, who was admitted to intensive care on 6 April.Of course, one wishes them all a speedy recovery.It does seem, however, that central government has been a bit sketchy in following its own official advice on social distancing, to put it mildly: the prime minister actually boasted that, on an early March hospital visit, he had still shaken hands with people. 3ou also have to wonder about the cleaning standards at 10 Downing Street.
Prevalence of self‐reported and confirmed penicillin allergy in a Belgian outpatient population
Authors: Athina L. Van Gasse, Redouane Oulkadi, Zakaria Mousati, Didier G. Ebo, Anca M. Chiriac, Marie‐Line M. Van Der Poorten, Margo M. Hagendorens, Margaretha A. Faber, Jessy Elst, Christel M. Mertens, Leander De Puysseleyr, Samuel Coenen, Vito Sabato
Journal: Allergy (2020)

Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Military Burn Pits
Authors: Anays Sotolongo, Michael Falvo, Susan Santos, Iman Johnson, Mehrdad Arjomandi, Stella Hines, Silpa Krefft, John Osterholzer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)

"Military Burn Pits." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 201(7), pp. P13–P14
Drawstring papules in an Indian woman
Authors: M.B. Rajan, A. Budania, V. Vishwajeet
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: the authors declare they have no conflicts of interest. Dear Editor, A 48‐year‐old woman presented with multiple discrete violaceous dome‐shaped papules arranged linearly over the bilateral flanks for 4 years (a). Dermoscopy showed white structureless areas arranged in an arborizing pattern with peripheral erythema and scaling (b). Histopathology showed hyperkeratosis, focal parakeratosis, hypergranulosis, irregular acanthosis and moderate lymphocytic infiltrate in the upper dermis without bandlike distribution or significant basal layer damage (c; 10 × objective). Although the histopathology of our case was suggestive of frictional dermatitis, it is interesting to note a previous study of a similar clinical presentation with lichenoid histology.1 Cultural practices may influence presentation patterns of various diseases,2 as in our case where the practice of wearing garments with a tight drawstring led to a linear arrangement of papules.
Identification of a novel <scp> <i>NUP98‐RARA</i> </scp> fusion transcript as the 14th variant of acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Hong‐Hu Zhu, Meng‐Cheng Yang, Feng Wang, Yin‐Jun Lou, Jie Jin, Ke Li, Shi‐Zhong Zhang
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2020)
Abstract 12745: Physical Activity and Risk of Hospitalization for Peripheral Artery Disease in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Yifei Lu, Shoshana Ballew, Lucia Kwak, Elizabeth Selvin, Corey A Kalbaugh, Jennifer Schrack, Kunihiro Matsushita, Moyses Szklo
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: The association between physical activity and the development of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is not fully characterized. Methods: We used Cox models to assess the association betwee...
Induction of an anti-angiogenesis factor, Thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), by a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, MGCD0103, in human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Jianhong Liu, Claire Bonfils, Marja Dubay, Hannah Nguyen, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Allen Yang, Selina Luger, Robert Martell, Jeffrey Besterman, Zuomei Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

739  MGCD0103 is a novel non-hydroxamate histone deacetylase inhibitor which specifically targets HDAC1, 2, 3 and 11. Previously, we have shown that MGCD0103 has broad-spectrum antitumor activities in preclinical animal models and its preliminary clinical activity has been shown in multiple Phase II trials in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin’s lymphoma or Non-Hodgkin lymphoma , high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myologenous leukemia (AML). To further understand the mechanism of action of MGCD0103, we investigated the anti-angiogenesis activity and specific components of the angiogenesis pathways that were modulated by MGCD0103. We found MGCD0103 significantly inhibits tubule growth of cultured human endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. In addition, MGCD0103 can induce transcription of an anti-angiogenesis factor, thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), in human cancer cells in vitro independent of their tissue origins. Synergistic induction of TSP-1 was observed in human cancer cells treated with MGCD0103 in combination of a DNA demethylation agent in vitro. Microarray analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells or bone marrow mononuclear cells from five AML patients, who were treated with MGCD0103 either alone or in combination with Vidaza, revealed that the upregulation of expression of TSP-1 in patients with clinical response (n=2) but not in those without response (n=3). Using real time RT-PCR analysis on more clinical samples from patients treated with a combination of Vidaza and MGCD0103 , we further observed induction of TSP-1 transcription in the AML patients with clinical response but not in those without response. The utility of TSP-1 expression as a potential biomarker of MGCD0103 in clinical trials will be discussed.
Abstract 11516: Nur77 Attenuates Vascular Dysfunction Through Increasing GTP Cyclohydrolase I Expression in Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Soohwa Jang, Bing Yi, Zhongmei He, Jianxin Sun
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Nur77 belongs to the member of orphan nuclear receptor 4A family (NR4A) that plays critical roles in maintaining vascular homeostasis. However, the pathological significance of Nur77 ...
MAFB Promotes Cancer Stemness and Tumorigenesis in Osteosarcoma through a Sox9-Mediated Positive Feedback Loop
Authors: Yanyan Chen, Tao Wang, Mengxi Huang, Qin Liu, Chao Hu, Bin Wang, Dong Han, Cheng Chen, Junliang Zhang, Zhiping Li, Chao Liu, Wenbin Lei, Yue Chang, Meijuan Wu, Dan Xiang, Yitian Chen, Rui Wang, Weiqian Huang, Zengjie Lei, Xiaoyuan Chu
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Despite the fact that osteosarcoma is one of the most common primary bone malignancies with poor prognosis, the mechanism behind the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma is only partially known. Here we characterized differentially expressed genes by extensive analysis of several publicly available gene expression profile datasets and identified musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B (MAFB) as a key transcriptional regulator in osteosarcoma progression. MAFB was highly expressed in tumor tissues and required for proliferation and tumorigenicity of osteosarcoma cells. MAFB expression was elevated in osteosarcoma stem cells to maintain their self-renewal potential in vitro and in vivo through upregulation of stem cell regulator Sox9 at the transcriptional level. Sox9 in turn activated MAFB expression via direct recognition of its sequence binding enrichment motif on the MAFB locus, thereby forming a positive feedback regulatory loop. Sox9-mediated feedback activation of MAFB was pivotal to tumorsphere-forming and tumor-initiating capacities of osteosarcoma stem cells. Moreover, expression of MAFB and Sox9 was highly correlated in osteosarcoma and associated with disease progression. Combined detection of both MAFB and Sox9 represented a promising prognostic biomarker that stratified a subset of patients with osteosarcoma with shortest overall survival. Taken together, these findings reveal a MAFB–Sox9 reciprocal regulatory axis driving cancer stemness and malignancy in osteosarcoma and identify novel molecular targets that might be therapeutically applicable in clinical settings. Significance: Transcription factors MAFB and Sox9 form a positive feedback loop to maintain cell stemness and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo, revealing a potential target pathway for therapeutic intervention in osteosarcoma.
Brain Reward System Dysfunction in Adolescence: Current, Cumulative, and Developmental Periods of Depression
Authors: Brent I. Rappaport, Sridhar Kandala, Joan L. Luby, Deanna M. Barch
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2020)

Reward system dysfunction is a well-known correlate and predictor of depression in adults and adolescents, with depressed individuals showing blunted (hyporeactive) striatal response to monetary rewards. Furthermore, studies of remitted depression suggest network-wide hyporeactivity of striatal (caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens) and cortical (insula, anterior cingulate cortex [ACC]) regions even in the absence of current symptoms. Thus, it remains unclear which patterns of hyporeactivity represent a trait-like indicator of depression and which represent a current depressed state. The authors examined the relationships between regions of a cortico-striatal circuit supporting reward processing and both current depression and cumulative depression history.
Evolutionary analysis of SARS-CoV-2: how mutation of Non-Structural Protein 6 (NSP6) could affect viral autophagy
Authors: Domenico Benvenuto, Silvia Angeletti, Marta Giovanetti, Martina Bianchi, Stefano Pascarella, Roberto Cauda, Massimo Ciccozzi, Antonio Cassone
Journal: Journal of Infection (2020)
Activation of Lipoprotein Lipase
Authors: THOMAS F. WHAYNE, JAMES M. FELTS
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

Guinea pig serum is deficient in high density lipoproteins (HDL); post-heparin lipoprotein lipase (LPL) from it hydrolyzes a triglyceride (TG) emulsion very slowly. The rate is markedly increased by the addition of rat serum and even further by rat serum plus heparin. We have studied further the activation of LPL in this system. Rat serum lipoprotein fractions were isolated by ultracentrifugation and added to guinea pig postheparin serum in the presence or absence of heparin. When added in proportion to their original serum concentrations, HDL caused the greatest increase in TG hydrolysis. When each fraction was added at equal protein concentrations, purified low density lipoproteins had almost no effect; both very low density lipoproteins and HDL were very effective in increasing the rate of hydrolysis. Rat serum or rat HDL, added to the assay system in increasing amounts, appeared to increase the effective substrate concentration. In the absence of heparin, increasing the concentration of HDL increased the reaction rate which approached a limiting velocity (V max ) and produced a hyperbolic curve which conformed to Michaelis-Menten kinetics. In the presence of heparin, increasing the concentration of HDL produced an S-shaped curve and increased the V max . These data conformed to the sigmoidal kinetics described by the Hill equation. Our results suggest that (1) heparin may function as a specific ligand which acts as an allosteric modifier of LPL and alters the kinetics of interaction of LPL with the effective substrate and (2) the rate of hydrolysis of the effective TG substrate is regulated by the concentration of this substrate.
Guideline-Concordant Treatment Among Elderly Women With HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer in the United States
Authors: Ami M. Vyas, Hilary Aroke, Stephen Kogut
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2020)

It is crucial to identify whether women with HER2-positive (HER2+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) are treated according to treatment guidelines and whether treatment disparities exist. This study examined guideline-concordant treatment among women with HER2+ MBC and determined the magnitude of differences in treatment between those with positive and negative hormone receptor (HR) status using a nonlinear decomposition technique.A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted using the SEER-Medicare linked database. The study cohort consisted of women aged ≥66 years diagnosed with HER2+ MBC in 2010 through 2013 (n=241). Guideline-concordant initial treatment after cancer diagnosis was defined based on the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology for Breast Cancer. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify significant predictors of guideline-concordant treatment. A postregression decomposition was conducted to identify the magnitude of disparities in treatment by HR status.Of 241 women included in the study, a total of 76.8% received guideline-concordant treatment. These women were significantly more likely to have positive HR status (P=.0298), have good performance status (P=.0009), and more oncology visits (P<.0001). With 1-year increments in age at cancer diagnosis, the likelihood of receiving guideline-concordant treatment reduced by 5% (P=.0356). The decomposition analysis revealed that 19.0% of the disparity in guideline-concordant treatment between women with positive and negative HR status was explained by differences in their characteristics. Enabling characteristics (marital status, income, and education) explained the highest (22.8%) proportion of the disparity.Nearly one-quarter of the study cohort did not receive guideline-concordant treatment. Our findings suggest opportunities to improve cancer care for elderly women with negative HR status who are unpartnered or have lower socioeconomic status. The high unexplained portion of the disparity by HR status can be due to patient treatment preferences, propensity to seek care, and organizational and physician-level characteristics that were not included in the study.
Immunogenicity of cell death driven by immune effectors
Authors: Lorenzo Galluzzi, Giulia Petroni, Guido Kroemer
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Whether cell death caused by T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells would be immunogenic per se has been a matter of intense debate. Two back-to-back papers from the Melero’s and Pardo’s groups have now resolved this conundrum, demonstrating that T and NK cell–mediated cytotoxicity represents indeed a bona fide variant of immunogenic cell death.