tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Leaflet Thickening in the Evolut Low Risk Sub-Study
Authors: Philipp Blanke, Jonathon A. Leipsic, Jeffrey J. Popma, Steven J. Yakubov, G. Michael Deeb, Hemal Gada, Mubashir Mumtaz, Basel Ramlawi, Neal S. Kleiman, Paul Sorajja, Judah Askew, Christopher U. Meduri, James Kauten, Serguei Melnitchouk, Ignacio Inglessis, Jian Huang, Michael Boulware, Michael J. Reardon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
High FDG Uptake in Pleomorphic Hyalinizing Angiectatic Tumor
Authors: Asako Yamamoto, Yoshinao Kikuchi, Satoshi Abe, Tsuyoshi Ishida, Tatsuro Kaminaga
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract PHAT (pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor) is a rare, locally aggressive, low-grade mesenchymal neoplasm of uncertain lineage with a predilection for the lower extremities. We report a 74-year-old woman with an enlarging mass on the right popliteal fossa undergoing FDG PET/CT to characterize its biological activity. Increased accumulation of FDG (SUV max , 23.0) in the solid component of the tumor was seen. Diagnosis of PHAT was confirmed by examination of the surgical resection specimens. This case showed significant FDG accumulation relative to its pathological low-grade malignant nature.
Recanalization of an obstructive pancreaticojejunal anastomosis with direct visualization by using antegrade peroral pancreatoscopy
Authors: Yujiro Kawakami, Shinsuke Koshita, Yoshihide Kanno, Takahisa Ogawa, Toji Murabayashi, Hiroshi Nakase, Kei Ito
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

A 60-year-old man came to our hospital complaining of upper abdominal pain possibly due to stenosis of a pancreaticojejunal anastomosis with upstream dilation of the main pancreatic duct ([Fig. 1]). Because an endoscopic transluminal approach via the afferent loop failed, we performed endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided pancreatic drainage with a 19-gauge needle (EZ Shot 3 Plus; Olympus Co., Tokyo, Japan). However, no contrast medium flowed out of the dilated main pancreatic duct to the jejunum ([Fig. 2]), and a 0.025-inch guidewire could not be inserted across the anastomosis. A 7-Fr plastic stent was exchanged, 1 month later, for a 6-mm fully covered self-expandable metallic stent (Niti-S Biliary S-type Stent, Century Medical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) across the pancreaticogastrostomy to perform peroral pancreatoscopy (POPS) ([Fig. 3]). A SpyGlass DS system (Boston Scientific Co., Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA) was used to perform POPS to visualize the anastomosis from the inside of the main pancreatic duct ([Video 1]). We found the duct completely obstructed at the anastomotic site and covered with fibrotic tissues ([Fig. 4]). It was difficult to break through this obstruction even with POPS guidance. However, repeated poking with a guidewire partially broke the fibrotic tissues and a guidewire could finally be passed through the anastomosis. After dilation of this anastomosis using a 7-Fr catheter and a 6-mm balloon catheter, contrast medium immediately flowed from the main pancreatic duct to the jejunum. No procedure-related adverse events were observed, and the abdominal symptoms improved after treatment.
Does foot mobility affect the outcome in the management of patellofemoral pain with foot orthoses versus hip exercises? A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Mark Matthews, Michael Skovdal Rathleff, Andrew Claus, Tom McPoil, Robert Nee, Kay M Crossley, Jessica Kasza, Bill T Vicenzino
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

To test (i) if greater foot pronation (measured as midfoot width mobility) is associated with better outcomes with foot orthoses treatment, compared with hip exercises and (ii) if hip exercises are superior to foot orthoses, irrespective of midfoot width mobility.A two-arm parallel, randomised superiority clinical trial was conducted in Australia and Denmark. Participants (18-40 years) were included who reported an insidious onset of knee pain (≥6 weeks duration); ≥3/10 numerical pain rating, that was aggravated by activities (eg, stairs, squatting, running). Participants were stratified by midfoot width mobility (high ≥11 mm change in midfoot width) and site, randomised to foot orthoses or hip exercises and blinded to objectives and stratification. Success was defined a priori as much better or better on a patient-perceived 7-point scale at 12 weeks.Of 218 stratified and randomised participants, 192 completed 12-week follow-up. This study found no difference in success rates between foot orthoses versus hip exercises in those with high (6/21 vs 9/20; 29% vs 45%, respectively) or low (42/79 vs 37/72; 53% vs 51%) midfoot width mobility. There was no association between midfoot width mobility and treatment outcome (Interaction effect p=0.19). This study found no difference in success rate between foot orthoses versus hip exercises (48/100 vs 46/92; 48% vs 50%).Midfoot width mobility should not be used to help clinicians decide which patient with patellofemoral pain might benefit most from foot orthoses. Clinicians and patients may consider either foot orthoses or hip exercises in managing patellofemoral pain.ACTRN12614000260628.
Abstract P2-12-15: Efficacy of Lymphdiaral™ in breast cancer patients with lymphedema
Authors: Jawaid Younus, Morgan Black, Lyn Kligman, Brenda Leung
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Background: Lymphedema has been a prevalent and often severe side effect for patients receiving treatment for breast cancer typically resulting in physical and psychosocial distress as well as decreased quality of life. With no widely effective or safe drug treatment(s) for lymphedema, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of combined Lymphdiaral™ drops and ointment for treatment-related lymphedema. Methods: This open label, randomized, parallel-group trial ran over 12 weeks with a final follow-up visit at 24 weeks. One hundred and thirty-four (n = 134) patients were consented to the study. Of these, 119 patients were randomized to either standard care group (compression garment) or treatment group (compression garment plus Lymphdiaral™ drops and ointment) and follow-up data was obtained. The primary objective was the reduction in lymphedema as measured by change in arm volume. Results: The values for the arm volumes did not show a statistically significant decrease in both the standard care or treatment groups. Additionally, there was no statistical difference in arm volume reduction between the groups. Conclusions: This first randomized trial shows, that the homeopathic drug combination of Lymphdiaral™ drops and ointment does not improve lymphedema in breast cancer patients. Citation Format: Jawaid Younus, Morgan Black, Lyn Kligman, Brenda Leung. Efficacy of Lymphdiaral™ in breast cancer patients with lymphedema [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-12-15.
Offline: COVID-19 and the NHS—“a national scandal”
Authors: Richard Horton
Journal: The Lancet (2020)

"When this is all over, the NHS England board should resign in their entirety." So wrote one National Health Service (NHS) health worker last weekend. The scale of anger and frustration is unprecedented, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the cause. The UK Government's Contain–Delay–Mitigate–Research strategy failed. It failed, in part, because ministers didn't follow WHO's advice to "test, test, test" every suspected case. They didn't isolate and quarantine. They didn't contact trace. These basic principles of public health and infectious disease control were ignored, for reasons that remain opaque.
Abstract 215: Hemodynamics of Absolute, Proportional, and Adaptive Mechanical Chest Compression Strategies in a Swine Model of Pediatric Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: David D Salcido, Allison C Koller, Cornelia Genbrugge, Caelie Kern, James J Menegazzi
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Guidelines for pediatric resuscitation recommend a depth of 1.5in or 1/3 anterior-posterior chest diameter for chest compressions (CC) despite little supporting evidence. Objective: To evaluate the hemodynamic effects of the two recommended depths and an adaptive strategy. Methods: Thirty-eight animals (mass ~25kg) were sedated, anesthetized, intubated, and ventilated. Micromanometer pressure sensors were installed in the aorta and right atrium via the right femoral artery and vein. Coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) was calculated as aortic minus right atrial pressure. An ultrasonic flow probe was secured around the right common carotid. Biosignals were recorded at 1000Hz. Animals were then re-paralyzed, followed by a fentanyl bolus, and the endotracheal tube was occluded for 9min. Each was randomized to absolute (Group 1: 1.5in &amp; 100/min), proportional (Group 2: 1/3 AP diameter &amp; 100/min), or stepwise adaptive (Group 3: 1.5in &amp; 100/min, adding 0.25in or 5/min q25s until CPP &gt; 25mmHg) CC using a robotic compressor. Epinephrine (0.1mg/kg) and sodium bicarbonate (1mEq/kg) were given after 4min, followed by epinephrine (0.15mg/kg) q3min. Defibrillation (150J) was attempted after 5min; CPR discontinued after 20min. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), CPP and carotid blood flow (CBF) were calculated for the first 10 minutes of CPR and compared between groups with generalized estimating equations (GEE). Results: In GEE models, MAP, CBF and CPP did not differ between groups over the first 10 minutes of resuscitation. Each measure differed significantly over time (p&lt;0.05). When considering only the first 5 minutes (early phase including first pressor), hemodynamic variables also did not differ. Conclusion: In a swine model of asphyxial cardiac arrest, CC methods based on current guidelines and an additional adaptive approach did not differ hemodynamically.
Immunosuppression and the risk of readmission and mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing hip fracture, abdominopelvic and cardiac surgery
Authors: Michael D George, Joshua F Baker, Kevin L Winthrop, Seth D Goldstein, E Alemao, Lang Chen, Qufei Wu, Fenglong Xie, Jeffrey R Curtis
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

The impact of immunosuppression on postoperative outcomes has primarily been studied in patients undergoing joint replacement surgery. We aimed to evaluate the impact of biologics and glucocorticoids on outcomes after other major surgeries.
Pulmonary Cryptococcosis Accidentally Detected by 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT in a Patient With Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Qingqing Pan, Yaping Luo, Xinxin Cao, Jian Li, Fang Li
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract 68 Ga-pentixafor PET/CT in a 66-year-old woman with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma showed extensive disease in bone and bone marrow. After 6 cycles of chemotherapy, the patient was in complete remission but complained of fever and coughing. Follow-up 68 Ga-pentixafor PET/CT showed significantly reduced uptake in bone and bone marrow, consistent with her clinical outcome of myeloma. However, patches, nodules, and ground-grass opacities in bilateral lungs with moderate to intense uptake of 68 Ga-pentixafor were noted. The histopathology of the biopsy for the pulmonary nodule confirmed pulmonary cryptococcosis.
Dual aspect endoscopic evidence of tuberculous bronchoesophageal fistula: successful closure from the esophagus
Authors: Marco Bassi, Marco Ferrari, Stefania Ghersi, Vanina Livi, Emanuele Dabizzi, Rocco Trisolini, Vincenzo Cennamo
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Esophageal involvement of tuberculosis is uncommon and two types have been described [1]. Primary esophageal tuberculosis is rare because of mucosal protection factors, squamous epithelium, peristalsis, saliva, and erect posture. Secondary esophageal tuberculosis is more common and is defined as secondary involvement of the esophagus owing to adjacent pulmonary parenchyma, medi-astinal lymph nodes, or vertebral column involvement [2].
Pharmacological treatment of opioid-induced constipation: moving ahead to new targets
Authors: Fabio Lugoboni, Federico Vignoni, Stefano Tamburin
Journal: Gut (2020)

We read with great interest the systematic review and network meta-analysis on pharmacological treatments for opioid-induced constipation (OIC).1 Based on 27 randomised controlled trials (RCTs, 9149 patients), the authors concluded that peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonists (PAMORAs) and the prokinetic prucalopride were all more effective than placebo for OIC and that naloxone and naldemedine were the most efficacious ones.1

We have previously documented that OIC has high prevalence and is associated with reduced quality of life (QoL) in opioid-addicted patients treated with opioid substitution treatment (OST).2 Overweight is also common and interventions for weight loss are recommended in patients under OST.3 Orlistat, a weight-control drug that inhibits lipase, thereby decreasing fat absorption from the intestinal lumen, has been reported to improve drug-resistant constipation in small case series,4 5 and clozapine-induced constipation in a small RCT.6

In an open-label observational study, we explored whether orlistat may improve OIC in OST patients. From a cohort of 1057 heroin-dependent patients under OST previously reported,2 we recruited patients with OIC, who were prescribed orlistat 60 mg three times a day for weight reduction. OIC was measured with …
Abstract P6-03-24: ORIC-101 robustly inhibits the glucocorticoid pathway and overcomes chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Haiying Zhou, Qiuping Ye, Aleksandr Pankov, Wayne Kong, Shravani Barkund, Lori S. Friedman, Jessica D. Sun, Omar Kabbarah
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract ORIC-101 is a novel and selective glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist currently in Ph1 clinical evaluation in solid tumors. In preclinical models, ORIC-101 potently sensitized triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells to chemotherapy by inhibiting GR-mediated resistance through the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and anti-apoptosis pathways, both in vitro and in vivo. To inform the clinical development of ORIC-101, we identified pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarkers and established a relationship between those biomarkers, pharmacokinetics (PK), and efficacy in preclinical models. Using genome-wide profiling, we developed a GR activation signature that includes the direct GR transcriptional targets FKBP5 and GILZ, and subsequently validated both genes as ORIC-101 PD biomarkers in a panel of cell lines. We demonstrated that FKBP5 and GILZ are transcriptionally induced by glucocorticoids in a dose-dependent manner, and that the degree of their transcriptional activation is correlated with basal levels of GR in these models. We showed that ORIC-101 robustly inhibits the transcriptional induction of FKBP5 and GILZ and fully reverses GR-mediated chemoresistance in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, FKBP5 and GILZ are reliable PD biomarkers for ORIC-101 in human-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Importantly, by integrating PK, PD, and efficacy results from numerous preclinical studies, we captured the relationship between ORIC-101 PK, PD biomarker modulation, and chemopotentiation. Altogether, FKBP5 and GILZ mRNA levels are robust PD biomarkers to measure GR pathway engagement and modulation which corresponds with efficacy in response to GR antagonist treatment in preclinical models. These findings will guide the clinical development of ORIC-101 in TNBC. Citation Format: Haiying Zhou, Qiuping Ye, Aleksandr Pankov, Wayne Kong, Shravani Barkund, Lori S. Friedman, Jessica D. Sun, Omar Kabbarah. ORIC-101 robustly inhibits the glucocorticoid pathway and overcomes chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-03-24.
Investigation of a unilateral pleural effusion: What CT scan coverage is optimal?
Authors: Tom Syer, David T Arnold, Sonia Patole, John Harvey, Andrew Medford, Nicholas A Maskell, Anthony Edey
Journal: Thorax (2020)

The use of thoracic CT for patients presenting with a unilateral pleural effusion is well established. However, there is no consensus with regard to the inclusion of the entire abdomen and pelvis in the initial imaging protocol. In this prospective UK-based study, 249 patients presenting with a unilateral effusion had a CT thorax/abdomen/pelvis performed. The prevalence of malignancy on thoracic CT was 56% (140/249). Clinically significant findings below the diaphragm were identified in 59 patients (24%). Integrating this approach into standard practice allows more rapid identification of the primary malignancy, upstaging lesions or alternative sites for biopsy.
Endoscopic treatments for patients with cirrhosis: to do or not to do
Authors: Daisuke Kikuchi
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Endoscopic resection is a widespread minimally invasive treatment for superficial gastrointestinal tumors. In recent years, endoscopic resection has been performed not only in the stomach, esophagus, and colon but also in more difficult locations such as the pharynx and duodenum [1]. Conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) involves piecemeal resection depending on factors such as tumor size and location, and presence of scars. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) makes en bloc resection possible regardless of the limitations of EMR. However, ESD is technically more difficult than EMR, and presents problems such as high incidence of adverse events, long procedure time, and high costs. The decision to use EMR or ESD should be comprehensively determined based on the size, depth, and location of the tumor, the endoscopist’s skill, and the patient’s condition.
Health screenings administered during the domestic medical examination of refugees and other eligible immigrants in nine US states, 2014–2016: A cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Clelia Pezzi, Deborah Lee, Gayathri S. Kumar, Breanna Kawasaki, Lori Kennedy, Jenny Aguirre, Melissa Titus, Rebecca Ford, Blain Mamo, Kailey Urban, Stephen Hughes, Colleen Payton, Kevin Scott, Jessica Montour, Emily S. Jentes
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2020)

Background Refugees and other select visa holders are recommended to receive a domestic medical examination within 90 days after arrival to the United States. Limited data have been published on the coverage of screenings offered during this examination across multiple resettlement states, preventing evaluation of this voluntary program's potential impact on postarrival refugee health. This analysis sought to calculate and compare screening proportions among refugees and other eligible populations to assess the domestic medical examination's impact on screening coverage resulting from this examination. Methods and findings We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to summarize and compare domestic medical examination data from January 2014 to December 2016 from persons receiving a domestic medical examination in seven states (California, Colorado, Minnesota, New York, Kentucky, Illinois, and Texas); one county (Marion County, Indiana); and one academic medical center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. We analyzed screening coverage by sex, age, nationality, and country of last residence of persons and compared the proportions of persons receiving recommended screenings by those characteristics. We received data on disease screenings for 105,541 individuals who received a domestic medical examination; 47% were female and 51.5% were between the ages of 18 and 44. The proportions of people undergoing screening tests for infectious diseases were high, including for tuberculosis (91.6% screened), hepatitis B (95.8% screened), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; 80.3% screened). Screening rates for other health conditions were lower, including mental health (36.8% screened). The main limitation of our analysis was reliance on data that were collected primarily for programmatic rather than surveillance purposes. Conclusions In this analysis, we observed high rates of screening coverage for tuberculosis, hepatitis B, and HIV during the domestic medical examination and lower screening coverage for mental health. This analysis provided evidence that the domestic medical examination is an opportunity to ensure newly arrived refugees and other eligible populations receive recommended health screenings and are connected to the US healthcare system. We also identified knowledge gaps on how screenings are conducted for some conditions, notably mental health, identifying directions for future research.
Virtual memory CD8+ T cells restrain the viral reservoir in HIV-1-infected patients with antiretroviral therapy through derepressing KIR-mediated inhibition
Authors: Jie-Hua Jin, Hui-Huang Huang, Ming-Ju Zhou, Jing Li, Wei Hu, Lei Huang, Zhe Xu, Bo Tu, Guang Yang, Ming Shi, Yan-Mei Jiao, Xing Fan, Jin-Wen Song, Ji-Yuan Zhang, Chao Zhang, Fu-Sheng Wang
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2020)
Abstract 14794: How Drug Use is Calculated Impacts Quality Assessment, Particularly in the Elderly
Authors: Lauren G Gilstrap, Andrea M Austin, Barbara M Gladders, James O’Malley, Amber M Barnato, Anna N Tosteson, Jonathan S Skinner
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Alternative payment models and even traditional fee-for-service Medicare are increasingly relying on measures of quality to determine provider and hospital reimbursement. For chronic ...
Endoscopic closure of lateral duodenal wall perforations caused by displacement of plastic biliary stents
Authors: Ana L. Santos, Eduardo Rodrigues-Pinto, Filipe Vilas-Boas, João Santos-Antunes, Pedro Pereira, Guilherme Macedo
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

We describe three patients with lateral duodenal wall perforations caused by the migration of plastic biliary stents after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-guided biliary drainage.
Flattening the Curve for Incarcerated Populations — Covid-19 in Jails and Prisons
Authors: Matthew J. Akiyama, Anne C. Spaulding, Josiah D. Rich
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Flattening the Curve for Incarcerated Populations People caught up in the U.S. justice system have already been affected by SARS-CoV-2, and improved preparation is essential to minimizing the impac...
Enhanced recovery after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A descriptive pilot study of patient outcomes from 2010-2018 at St. Luke’s Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
Authors: Cariño Maria Millicent, Vincent Mark Abarcar, Maria Faustine Cabel, Obie Katrina Siozon-Bueno, John Dave Omolida, Menandro Siozon
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2020)
Habitual scratching amplifies and perpetuates atopic dermatitis
Authors: R.C.D. Staughton, C.K. Bridgett, P. Norén, J.M.R. Goulding, A. Affleck, S. Walsh
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Linked Article: Gouin and Misery. Br J Dermatol 2020; 182:14–15.