tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aristotle: A single blood test for pan-cancer screening.
Authors: Adam A Dempsey, James Howard Tripp, Samuel Chao, Dimitri Stamatiou, Tanya Pilcz, Jay Ying, Robert Burakoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e15037 Background: Blood participates in physiological and pathological changes throughout the body which are reflected as changes in cellular gene expression. The involvement of the immune system in cancer suppression and promotion through immunoediting exemplifies this. These characteristics make blood a promising non-invasive surrogate tissue for cancer diagnosis and monitoring. Methods: A multi-class cancer classification model, Aristotle, was developed with logistic regression using Affymetrix gene expression profiles generated from 2,845 unique human whole peripheral blood samples. The model was evaluated through 100 iterations of 2-fold cross-validation. Results: The 1,013 cancer patient samples (age 61±13, 40.6% ♀), include cancer of the bladder (n = 87, age 65±11, 23.3% ♀), breast (n = 94, age 54±10, 98.4% ♀), colon (n = 205, age 64±13, 39.5% ♀)/colon polyps (n = 226, age 61±11, 36.0% ♀), cervix (n = 36, age 55±13), endometrium (n = 25, age 49±12), liver (n = 16, age 57±11, 12.5% ♀), nasopharynx (n = 78, age 51±13, 26.9% ♀), ovaries (n = 64, age 55±12), prostate (n = 160, age 68±9) or stomach (n = 22, age 59±11, 28.6% ♀); and 1,832 control samples (age 53±16, 38.9% ♀), including healthy subjects (n = 1,042, age 55±16, 37.0 ♀) and subjects with ankylosing spondylitis (n = 59, age 39±12, 18.6% ♀), heart failure (n = 193, age 67±12, 40.0% ♀), inflammatory bowel disease (n = 51, age 37±9, 40.0% ♀), osteoarthritis (n = 248, age 53±15, 45.6% ♀), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 40, age 57±17, 84.6% ♀), schizophrenia (n = 110, age 36±13, 43.6% ♀) or other (n = 89, age 50±14, 41.1% ♀). Aristotle classified cancer profiles with sensitivities from 55.6-100% and positive predictive values from 5.6-77.7% at a specificity of 99.0% (Table). The mean false positive rate for the 11 cancer classes ranged from 0.3- 6.8%. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the clinical viability of using whole peripheral blood for multi-class cancer classification. Aristotle was capable of classifying patients with different types of cancer with clinically relevant accuracy. We are confident that Aristotle holds great promise to help address the need for practical and non-invasive early-stage cancer diagnostics. [Table: see text]
Aspirin revisited
Authors: 张涓, 杨新春
Journal: BMJ (2006)

1897年德国化学家Felix Hoffmann博士首次合成出乙酰水杨酸,由此引出了阿司匹林的经典传奇.除解热镇痛外,阿司匹林主要用于血管性疾病的一级和二级预防.其作用的主要环节是通过与血小板的环氧化酶活性位点丝氨酸产生共价键性乙酰化而使该酶受到抑制,从而阻断花生四烯酸通过环氧化酶途径转变为前列腺素内过氧化物(PGG1、PGH2),进而减少血栓素A2(TXA2)的形成,持续抑制血小板激活和血栓形成[1].但目前这样一个普遍使用的简单药物,却仍存在着在适用人群中使用率低、使用剂量不足等严重问题。
吉林市1992年和2003年小儿皮肤病门诊病例统计分析
Authors: 汪宝凤, 刘鸿雁
Journal: BMJ (2005)

为了解吉林市十余年来小儿皮肤病发病情况的变化,提高对小儿皮肤病的预防和诊治水平,我科对2003年门诊初诊病例7 720例做了统计,并与1992年所统计的6 481例门诊初诊病例做了对比分析,现报告如下。
Utility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) versus tumor tissue genotyping for enrollment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) to matched clinical trials: SCRUM-Japan GI-SCREEN and GOZILA combined analysis.
Authors: Yoshiaki Nakamura, Hiroya Taniguchi, Hideaki Bando, Taito Esaki, Yoshito Komatsu, Ken Kato, Naoki Takahashi, Yoshinori Kagawa, Takeshi Kato, Tomohiro Nishina, Taroh Satoh, Eiji Oki, Yu Sunakawa, Manabu Shiozawa, Yoshiyuki Yamamoto, Hisato Kawakami, Tadamichi Denda, Atsushi Ohtsu, Takayuki Yoshino
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

4071 Background: We recently reported that ctDNA genotyping had advantages compared with tumor tissue testing in terms of enrollment to matched clinical trials across a wide range of GI cancers (Nakamura Y, et al. ASCO-GI 2020). Here, we investigated the utility of ctDNA genotyping in mCRC in a SCRUM-Japan GI-SCREEN and GOZILA combined analysis. Methods: In GI-SCREEN, tumor tissue genotyping was performed using a next generation sequencing (NGS)-based assay, Oncomine Comprehensive Assay since Feb 2015. In GOZILA, NGS-based ctDNA genotyping was performed using Guardant360 since Feb 2018. All tests were conducted centrally in a CLIA-certified and CAP-accredited laboratory. Patients with actionable alterations were enrolled into matched company-sponsored or investigator-initiated interventional clinical trials. Results: As of Apr 2019, 2,791 mCRC patients (2,754 eligible for analysis) in GI-SCREEN and 470 (464 eligible for analysis) in GOZILA were enrolled. There were no significant differences in baseline patient characteristics between GI-SCREEN and GOZILA. Most of trials affiliated with GI-SCREEN (81%) or GOZILA (78%) targeted the RTK/RAS/RAF pathway. Compared with tumor testing, ctDNA genotyping significantly improved turnaround time (median, 12 vs. 34 days, P &lt; 0.0001), sequencing success rate (96.1 vs. 92.3%, P = 0.002), and detection rate of actionable alterations (73.3 vs. 62.2%, P = 0.02). Among patients with actionable alterations, enrollment to matched clinical trials was achieved in 5.0% in GI-SCREEN and 12.1% in GOZILA ( P &lt; 0.0001). Median time from enrollment in the respective screening study to enrollment in a matched clinical trial was 6.5 months in GI-SCREEN and 0.9 months in GOZILA, respectively ( P &lt; 0.0001). Objective response rate and progression-free survival were similar in both groups (tissue vs. ctDNA; ORR: 18.8 vs. 17.1%, P = 1.00; median PFS: 2.2 vs. 2.2 months, HR=1.05 [95% CI, 0.71–1.55], P = 0.79). Conclusions: For patients with mCRC, ctDNA genotyping had advantages over tissue genotyping with shorter turnaround time and higher sequencing success and actionable alteration detection rate, which were associated with improved clinical trial enrollment without compromising the efficacy. Funding: SCRUM-Japan Funds. Clinical trial information: UMIN000029315 .
Comparison of Molecular Responses between e14a2 and e13a2 BCR-ABL1 Transcripts in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Chronic Phase Treated with Front-Line Second Generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Taiwan CML Study
Authors: Yi-Jiun Su, Ming-Chung Kuo, Chieh-Lin Teng, Tsai-Yun Chen, Ming-Chun Ma, Pei-Ching Hsiao, Ming-Chung Wang, Tung-Huei Lin, Wen-Li Hwang, Chih-Cheng Chen, Youngsen Yang, Sung-Nan Pei, Yen-Min Huang, Sin-Syue Li, Ming-Yang Lee, Hung-I Cheng, Lee-Yung Shih
Journal: Blood (2017)
A phase II study of nivolumab (N) plus ipilimumab (I) in radioidine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAIR DTC) with exploratory cohorts in anaplastic (ATC) and medullary thyroid cancer (MTC).
Authors: Jochen H. Lorch, Justine A. Barletta, Matthew Nehs, Ravindra Uppaluri, Erik K. Alexander, Robert I. Haddad, Glenn J. Hanna, Danielle Nina Margalit, Roy B. Tishler, Jonathan Daniel Schoenfeld, Laura A Goguen, Azad Jabiev, Meredith J Sorensen, Sara Ahmadi, Ellen Marqusee, Matthew I Kim, Darren Stanizzi, Ethan Harris, Alec Kacew, David Allen Barbie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

6513 Background: Treatment options for aggressive TC are limited. Pre-clinical data suggests efficacy of CTLA-4 plus PD-1 blockade in aggressive RAIR TC. Methods: This investigator initiated phase II study tested N (3mg/kg every 2 weeks) plus I (1mg/kg every 6 weeks) until disease progression or completion of 24 mo of treatment in RAIR differentiated TC including poorly differentiated TC (PDTC) with exploratory cohorts in anaplastic (ATC) and medullary TC (MTC). Radiographic response rate by RECIST v1.1 (CR+PR) was primary endpoint. At least 6 pts with disease response among n=32 DTC provided 84% power to distinguish between a 10% and a 25% RR (one-sided 9% binomial test). Results: Accrual is complete with n=32 patients with DTC, 10 with ATC and 7 with MTC enrolled between October 2017 and May 2019. Thirty-two DTC included: n=17 papillary, n=7 Hurthle, n=4 follicular TC, n=4 PDTC. Among n=49, median (range) age was 65 (30-88), 51% (25/49) were female. To date, in DTC, 3/32 achieved a PR (n=2 Hurthle and n=1 PDTC), 9.4% RR (.95CI:2%-25%). One near complete response has been observed. Among pts w ATC, 3/ 10 profound PR by RECIST occurred (30% RR, .95CI: 7%-65%). Among them, two remain without clear evidence of disease at 26 and 13 mo after treatment start. No PR's were observed in MTC. Most frequent grade 3-4 TRAEs were as expected and included increased lipase (n=8), increased serum amylase (n=4). There was an unexpected number of treatment related adrenal insufficiency (AI) (n=4) which was associated with long PFS (range 10.1—16.4+mo). Conclusions: N+I appears to have considerable activity in ATC. In unselected RAIR DTC, activity was low but responses were seen in PDTC and Hurthle cell TC. Exceptional responses with prolonged remissions were observed. Clinical trial information: NCT03246958 .
Plasma neurofilament light chain in the presenilin 1 E280A autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease kindred: a cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Yakeel T Quiroz, Henrik Zetterberg, Eric M Reiman, Yinghua Chen, Yi Su, Joshua T Fox-Fuller, Gloria Garcia, Andres Villegas, Diego Sepulveda-Falla, Marina Villada, Joseph F Arboleda-Velasquez, Edmarie Guzmán-Vélez, Clara Vila-Castelar, Brian A Gordon, Stephanie A Schultz, Hillary D Protas, Valentina Ghisays, Margarita Giraldo, Victoria Tirado, Ana Baena, Claudia Munoz, Silvia Rios-Romenets, Pierre N Tariot, Kaj Blennow, Francisco Lopera
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2020)
Triplet versus doublet therapy in multiple myeloma patients over 75 years.
Authors: Zuhair Alam, Ravleen Grewal, Saulius Kazmiems Girnius
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e20519 Background: Clinical trials in multiple myeloma (MM) typically enroll patients that are younger and less frail while 33% patients are over the age of 75. Advanced age/frailty is associated with worse prognosis, partly due to poor tolerability of therapy. Compared to doublets, triplets improve progression-free and overall survival (PFS and OS), but these outcomes are not well studied in older patients. Here, we compare doublet and triplet therapy in newly diagnosed MM patients over 75. Methods: The MMRF’s CoMMpass trial is an international, longitudinal, observational study capturing disease progression and response to treatment. Using the MMRF database, we compared doublet versus triplet therapy in patients over 75. Primary outcome was PFS while secondary outcomes included OS, quality of life (QoL) and fatigue. QoL was assessed using EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire and fatigue was captured by the MM eCRF survey. Results: 146 patients were eligible for analysis. Median age was 80 years. 27 (18%) were ISS 1, 38 (26%) were ISS 2, and 59 (40%) were ISS 3. Amongst doublets (n = 62), 48% received Bortezomib/Dexamethasone while 48% received Lenalidomide/Dexamethasone. Amongst triplets (n = 71), 35% received both proteasome inhibitors (PI) and immunomodulatory drugs (IMIDs), whereas 58% received PI-based therapy with no IMID. Mean PFS for doublets was 467 days and for triplets was 608 days, with difference of 141 days (p = 0.0663). Mean OS for doublets was 757 days and for triplets was 920 days. Difference of 163 days was not statistically significant (p = 0.1784). In doublets, QoL remained at a median of 50% from baseline to 5 years. In triplets, QoL improved from a median 58% to 83% from baseline to 5 years. With respect to fatigue, levels remained unchanged from baseline to 5 years in doublets (43 to 44%) and dropped from 37% to 29% in triplets. Conclusions: There is a trend towards improved PFS, as well as an improvement in QoL and fatigue in MM patients over 75 that are treated with triplets as compared to those treated with doublets. Limitations include lack of randomization and selection bias.
Effects of dignity therapy on self-esteem status and negative emotions of lung cancer patients
Authors: Zhiyang Jia, Hongxia Li
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Objective
To explore the effects of dignity therapy on self-esteem status and negative emotions of lung cancer patients.


Methods
A total of 62 lung cancer patients were recruited and divided into experimental and control groups (n=31 each). The control group received routine care while the experimental group additional individualized dignity therapy. And the state self-esteem scale, self-rating anxiety and self-rating depression were used to evaluate the intervention outcomes.


Results
For both groups, the self-esteem status and negative emotions of the intervention group were significantly better than that those of the control group (self-esteem: 61.2±4.6 vs. 52.6±4.1, anxiety: 52.2±6.8 vs. 64.6±9.3, depression: 51.1±7.9 vs. 66.2±8.7, all P<0.05).


Conclusion
Dignity therapy can improve self-esteem status, decrease the levels of anxiety and depression level and boost quality of life for lung cancer patients.


Key words: 
Lung neoplasms; Emotion; Dignity therapy
Patients with lupus with COVID-19: University of Michigan experience
Authors: Beth Wallace, Laraine Washer, Wendy Marder, J Michelle Kahlenberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Elevated levels of replicative stress in gynecological cancers arising from uncontrolled oncogenic activation, loss of key tumor suppressors, and frequent defects in the DNA repair machinery are an intrinsic vulnerability for therapeutic exploitation. The presence of replication stress activates the DNA damage response and downstream checkpoint proteins including ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related kinase (ATR), checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), and WEE1-like protein kinase (WEE1), which trigger cell cycle arrest while protecting and restoring stalled replication forks. Strategies that increase replicative stress while lowering cell cycle checkpoint thresholds may allow unrepaired DNA damage to be inappropriately carried forward in replicating cells, leading to mitotic catastrophe and cell death. Moreover, the identification of fork protection as a key mechanism of resistance to chemo- and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor therapy in ovarian cancer further increases the priority that should be accorded to the development of strategies targeting replicative stress. Small molecule inhibitors designed to target the DNA damage sensors, such as inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM), ATR, CHK1 and WEE1, impair smooth cell cycle modulation and disrupt efficient DNA repair, or a combination of the above, have demonstrated interesting monotherapy and combinatorial activity, including the potential to reverse drug resistance and have entered developmental pipelines. Yet unresolved challenges lie in balancing the toxicity profile of these drugs in order to achieve a suitable therapeutic index while maintaining clinical efficacy, and selective biomarkers are urgently required. Here we describe the premise for targeting of replicative stress in gynecological cancers and discuss the clinical advancement of this strategy.
Hospitalization direct cost of adults with community-acquired pneumonia in Portugal from 2000 to 2009
Authors: C. Antunes, M. Pereira, L. Rodrigues, D. Organista, A. Cysneiros, F. Paula, B. Nunes, P. Barbosa, C. Bárbara, A. Escoval, A. Diniz, F. Froes
Journal: Pulmonology (2020)

Hospitalizations due to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in mainland Portugal from 2000 to 2009 accounted for 3.7% of all hospital admissions in population with 18 or more years of age. There is no direct-cost data regarding these admissions. In this observational descriptive study all adult hospitalizations associated with CAP diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed for the period between 2000 and 2009. Patients under 18 years old, those with pneumonia as secondary diagnosis, patients with tuberculous or obstructive pneumonia, and immunocompromised patients were excluded from the study. The direct cost of hospitalization was calculated according to the diagnosis-related groups (DRG), established for the respective year of hospitalization. There were 294,026 hospital admissions with an average annual direct cost of 80 million Euros, which almost doubled between 2000 and 2009. The average direct hospitalization costs per admission, including wards and Intensive Care Units (ICU), amounted to €2,707, with an increasing trend. The average hospitalization cost was €2,515 for admissions resulting in live discharge, and €3,457 for the deceased. The average direct cost of adult hospitalizations associated with CAP amounted to €2,707 in mainland Portugal from 2000 to 2009, showing an increase of 37.5% in hospitalization cost of living and deceased patients. The economic impact of CAP-related hospital admissions justifies the need for better implementation of preventive measures.
Diagnosis and management of chronic cough: what general practitioners should be careful?
Authors: 赖克方
Journal: BMJ (2007)

以咳嗽为惟一症状或主要症状、时间超过8周、胸部X线检查无明显异常者,临床上通常称为不明原因慢性咳嗽,简称慢性咳嗽.慢性咳嗽是内科门诊最常见的一种病症,在美国约占呼吸专科门诊的14%～23%,国内情况不清,估计比美国还要高.在广州呼吸疾病研究所,此类患者占专家门诊患者的10%～30%,其中不少患者病程长达数年乃至数十年,我们的一项调查发现,72.5%的慢性咳嗽被诊为支气管炎或慢性支气管炎。
Moxifloxacin-based triple therapy for helicobacter pylori eradication in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Shao-zhen Wang, Ya-nan Shi, Bi-xiao Chen, Jing Zhao, Jin-jin Li, Xin-yu Liu, Lei Guo, Kun Fu, Yan-guang Xu
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Ninety type 2 diabetic patients with positive helicobacter pylori (Hp) and gastrointestinal symptoms who underwent Hp eradication therapy were randomly divided into two groups, patients in trial group received moxifloxacin 400 mg q. d, omeprazole 20 rag b. i. d and metronidazole 400 mg b. i. d; patients in control group received omeprazole 20mg b. i. d, clarithromycin 0. 5 b. i. d and amoxicillin 1.0 b. i. d. The change of gastrointestinal symptoms before and after therapy, the side effect of medications, rate of Hp eradication, blood glucose and HbAlc were compared between two groups. Comparing the control group, the gastrointestinal symptoms in trial group were improved significantly with less side effects and higher rate of Hp eradication ( all P < 0. 05 ). Before therapy there were no differences in average fasting blood glucose levels, 2-h postprandial blood glucose and HbAlc between two groups. However, after therapy 3-month average fasting blood glucose levels, 2-h postprandial blood glucose and HbAlc in trial group were significant better than those in control group ( P < 0. 05 ). The results indicate that type 2 diabetic patients with Hp infection should receive moxifloxacin-based triple therapy as first-line treatment.

Key words: 
Diabetes mellitus; type 2;  Helicobacter pylori
Ectopic varices: report of 2 cases and literature review
Authors: Zhen Hu, Suyan Cao
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Two cases of ectopic varices(EV) admitted in our hospital were reported. According to literature search from Wanfang Data and China National Knowledge Infrastructure 127 cases of ectopic varices were reported in mainland China. Among 129 cases there were 93 males and 36 females, with a mean age of (54.4±7.2) years.The most common cause of EV was portal hypertension with cirrhosis (n=104, 80.6%). The common manifestations of EV were melena(35.7%)and hematemesis (18.6%). The diagnosis was confirmed by endoscopy in 100 cases(77.5%), by surgery in 16 cases(12.4%), and by angiography in 13 cases(10.1%). The sites of EV lesions included duodenum (n=52, 40.3%), rectum (n=34, 26.4%), and jejunum or ileum (n=13, 10.1%). Among 129 EV patients, 4(3.1%)died and 125(96.9%)survived. Analysis indicates that most ectopic varices are secondary to portal hypertension of cirrhosis, and ectopic varices account for a certain percentage of all gastrointestinal hemorrhage.


Key words: 
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage; Liver cirrhosis; Varices, ectopic
Etiology of pituitary tumor in 26 patients
Authors: Yan Wang, Li-na Zhang, Qi Pan, Hui Li, Dong-xiao Li
Journal: BMJ (2008)

We retrospectively analyzed the etiology of 26 new-onset pituitary neoplasms, which were diagnosed at outpatient department of internal medicine over the last 2 years. Our results showed that most patients visited doctors for hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and menstrual cycle disorder. In addition,gynecomastia, visual field defect, and headache could also be the primary condition. This study indicates that it should be critical to raise awareness of diverse clinical manifestation of pituitary neoplasm.

Key words: 
Pituitary neoplasm;  Diagnosis
新诊断2型糖尿病短期胰岛素泵强化治疗24例临床分析
Authors: 石焱, 郑爱荣
Journal: BMJ (2007)

新诊断的2型糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞约衰竭50%,在糖尿病的发生发展过程中,β细胞功能的逐渐下降是高血糖逐渐发展的驱动力,早期胰岛素强化治疗可以解除高血糖毒性,减少β细胞负担,有利于血糖长期良好控制.而胰岛素泵能够模拟人体生理方式进行胰岛素输送,较少的胰岛素就能达到血糖控制目标。
2011 ASA/ACCF/AHA/AANN/AANS/ACR/ASNR/CNS/SAIP/SCAI/SIR/SNIS/SVM/SVS Guideline on the Management of Patients With Extracranial Carotid and Vertebral Artery Disease: Executive Summary
Authors: Thomas G. Brott, Jonathan L. Halperin, Suhny Abbara, J. Michael Bacharach, John D. Barr, Ruth L. Bush, Christopher U. Cates, Mark A. Creager, Susan B. Fowler, Gary Friday, Vicki S. Hertzberg, E. Bruce McIff, Wesley S. Moore, Peter D. Panagos, Thomas S. Riles, Robert H. Rosenwasser, Allen J. Taylor
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Predictive model of aromatase inhibitor non-adherence using patient-reported outcomes in women with breast cancer (SWOG S1105).
Authors: Dawn L. Hershman, Anna Moseley, Kathryn B Arnold, Grace Hillyer, Julie Gralow, N.Lynn Henry, Alfred I. Neugut, Scott David Ramsey, Joseph M. Unger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

12019 Background: Non-adherence to aromatase inhibitors (AIs) for breast cancer is common and increases risk of recurrence. Few prospective studies have systematically evaluated factors associated with non-adherence. We analyzed baseline sociodemographic, prescription, and patient reported outcome (PRO) symptoms and quality-of-life to identify factors associated with non-adherence prospectively over 3-years. Methods: Patients enrolled in SWOG S1105 were required to have been on an AI for ≥30 days. Patients were assessed for non-adherence to AIs every 3 months for 36 months, with non-adherence defined as urine AI metabolite assay results satisfying any of the following: &lt; 10 ng/mL, undetectable, specimen submitted outside of the ± 21 day follow-up appointment window, or no submitted specimen. At baseline patients were asked about insurance, pill number dispensed and medication cost, and they completed PROs focused on pain and endocrine symptoms (BPI (Brief Pain Inventory), FACT-ES (Endocrine Symptoms)), as well as their beliefs about medications (TSQM (Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medicine) and BMQ (Brief Medication Questionnaire)). PRO scales were split at the median creating high vs low binary predictors. We determined the association of baseline factors and non-adherence at 36 months. We also evaluated an adverse risk model for AI non-adherence by summing the number of statistically significant adverse factors associated with non-adherence. Logistic regression was used. Results: In total, 724 patients were registered from 40 institutions between May, 2012 and September, 2013. The median age was 60.9 years, and 64.5% were on AI &lt; 12 months prior to registration. Overall, 35.9% were non-adherent at 36 months. Younger patients ( &lt; 65 years) were less adherent (39% vs. 29% non-adherence, OR = 1.51, p = 0.02). Baseline scores on the BPI, FACT-ES, BMQ and TSQM were each statistically significantly associated with AI adherence. Non-adherence was significantly higher among patients scoring poorly on all 4 PRO instruments (65%) compared to those scoring poorly 0 or 1 PRO instruments (27%; OR, 4.68 [2.84-7.73], p &lt; .0001). For each increase in the number of adverse risk PRO scores, the risk of non-adherence increased by 45% (OR = 1.45, p &lt; .0001). Similar results were found when age was included in the score. Conclusions: Presence of multiple baseline risk factors identified through PRO instruments increases non-adherence to AI’s 4-fold. Use of PROs can identify patients for targeted interventions to improve adherence.