tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Review: In acute dyspnea, lung US has higher sensitivity than chest X-ray for detecting cardiogenic pulmonary edema
Authors: Jonathan M. Kirschner, Benton R. Hunter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

Source Citation Maw AM, Hassanin A, Ho PM, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care lung ultrasonography and chest radiography in adults with symptoms suggestive of acute decompensated heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2:e190703. 30874784
Multiple Solitary Plasmacytomas With Multifocal Bone Involvement Diagnosed With 68Ga–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen PET/CT
Authors: Yazan Z. Alabed
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Abstract A 63-year-old man with elevated prostate-specific antigen serum levels and enlarged prostate gland underwent ultrasound-guided transrectal biopsy, which did not reveal any evidence of malignancy. In order to help guidance of repeat biopsy, 68 Ga–prostate-specific membrane antigen–targeted ligand PET (PSMA PET/CT) was ordered. PET/CT scan showed no abnormal PSMA expression within the prostate gland. There were, however, multiple PSMA-expressing osteolytic lesions throughout the axial skeleton. Bone lesion biopsy obtained for final workup revealed multiple solitary plasmacytomas with multifocal bone involvement. This rare case highlights the utility of PSMA PET/CT in diagnosing nonprostate malignancies.
Abstract 14700: Twenty Year Trends and Sex Differences in Young Adults With Acute Myocardial Infarction: The ARIC Community Surveillance Study
Authors: Sameer Arora, George A Stouffer, Anna M Kucharska-Newton, Arman Qamar, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Ambarish Pandey, Deborah S Porterfield, Ron Blankstein, Wayne D Rosamond, Deepak L Bhatt, Melissa C Caughey
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: The dramatic decrease in mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in recent decades has not transferred to younger age groups, especially young women. However, the incidence and...
Abstract 16160: Prevention of Neointimal Formation After Angioplasty Using Tetramethylpyrazine-Coated Balloon Catheter in Rabbit Iliac Arteries Model
Authors: Si Pang, Zhong Chen, Kong Bo Zhu, Yan Ru He, Li Juan Chen, Gen Shan Ma
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Backgrounds: Restenosis remains a significant clinical problem and drug-coated balloons (DCB) have been demonstrated a high efficiency in this challenging situation. The mechanisms of DCBs to preve...
Prospective Associations of Waist-to-Height Ratio With Cardiovascular Events in Postmenopausal Women: Results From the Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: Kenneth Lo, Qing Liu, Matthew Allison, Ying-Qing Feng, Katie Chan, Lawrence Phillips, JoAnn Manson, Simin Liu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

Clinicians and global health workers need valid, reliable, readily accessible, and cost-effective indicators to screen for individuals at risk for adverse cardiometabolic events in diverse populations, particularly in resource-poor settings. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) has recently emerged as one such promising index in assessing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Meta-analyses of receiver operating characteristic curves showed that WHtR had better power than BMI and waist circumference (WC) in classifying CVD risk factors among adults and children (1,2). However, the role of WHtR in relation to the incidence of CVD has not been examined adequately in well-characterized populations of diverse ethnicities, nor has the strength of association been compared with conventional anthropometric indicators in high-quality prospective cohorts.

The national Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) includes 161,808 postmenopausal women across 40 clinical centers in the U.S. who were enrolled at baseline from 1994 to 1998; occurrence of CVD events or death were determined during follow-up (3). Incident CVD events were adjudicated by trained physicians following a standardized protocol. The current study excluded participants with self-reported CVD or cancer at baseline and those who developed CVD or were lost to follow-up within 3 years of enrollment. WHtR, BMI, WC, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were measured at baseline. Changes in body weight were …
Reassessment of c-Kit <sup>+</sup> Cells for Cardiomyocyte Contribution in Adult Heart
Authors: Lingjuan He, Maoying Han, Zhenqian Zhang, Yan Li, Xiuzhen Huang, Xiuxiu Liu, Wenjuan Pu, Huan Zhao, Qing-Dong Wang, Yu Nie, Bin Zhou
Journal: Circulation (2019)
Limiting Opioid Prescribing
Authors: Raoul Daoust
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prognostic models for advanced melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1 monotherapy.
Authors: Xue Bai, Michelle S. Kim, Gyulnara G. Kasumova, Justine Vanessa Cohen, Donald P. Lawrence, Christine Freedman, Riley Fadden, Krista M. Rubin, Tatyana Sharova, Keith Flaherty, Ryan J. Sullivan, Genevieve Marie Boland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

133 Background: Anti-PD-1 monotherapy has dramatically improved the outcomes of patients with advanced melanoma, yet the majority of patients develop therapeutic resistance. A prognostic model is needed to optimally select patients who are most and least likely to benefit. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 141 advanced melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1 monotherapy at Massachusetts General Hospital from Sept 2009 to Dec 2017. Demographic and clinical characteristics, baseline and early-on-treatment (median 3 weeks after anti-PD-1 monotherapy initiation) routine laboratory variables, and prognostic data were collected and correlated in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Median progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 7.6 months (95% CI 2.3-12.9) and 57.3 months (95% CI 33.3-81.3), respectively. In multivariate analyses, significant independent prognostic variables ( P &lt; 0.05) in favor of longer PFS included cutaneous subtype, low baseline lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH); low early-on-treatment derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR); high early-on-treatment albumin, basophil, and red blood cell counts (RBCs); those in favor of longer OS included BRAF V600 mutation; low baseline LDH and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR); low early-on-treatment LDH; high early-on-treatment total protein, basophil, and lymphocyte counts. Prognostic scoring models (total scale: 0-6) were established based on these independent prognostic factors as dichotomous variables, for both PFS (HR 0.555, 95% CI 0.481-0.641, P&lt;0.001) and OS (HR 0.411, 95% CI 0.326-0.519, P&lt;0.001), respectively. For patients with PFS scores of ≤ 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, rates without progression at 6 months were 0%, 9.4%, 31.0%, 67.3%, and 80.0%, respectively. For patients with OS scores of ≤ 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, survival rates at 12 months were 25.0%, 68.4%, 79.3%, 97.1%, and 100% ; at 24 months were, 0%, 45.6%, 69.1%, 82.6%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: A scoring system based on clinical characteristics and easily accessible routinely tested biomarkers may be used to help predict outcomes of anti-PD-1 monotherapy treated advanced melanoma patients.
Abstract 11989: Longevity of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in a Large Real-Life Single Center Population
Authors: Joachim Seegers, Pascal Muñoz Expósito, Matthias Lueken, Christian Sohns, Samuel T Sossalla, Lars Luethje, Dirk Vollmann, Gerd Hasenfuss, Markus Zabel
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Purpose: Real-life comparative data of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) longevity are necessary to identify the best possible device longevity for optimal patient comfort, and minimized...
Impact of Malnutrition Using Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Masatoshi Minamisawa, Sara B. Seidelmann, Brian Claggett, Sheila M. Hegde, Amil M. Shah, Akshay S. Desai, Eldrin F. Lewis, Sanjiv J. Shah, Nancy K. Sweitzer, James C. Fang, Inder S. Anand, Eileen O’Meara, Jean-Lucien Rouleau, Bertram Pitt, Scott D. Solomon
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2019)
In AF with recent ACS or PCI, apixaban reduced bleeding vs VKAs; aspirin increased bleeding vs placebo
Authors: Debabrata Mukherjee
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

Source Citation Lopes RD, Heizer G, Aronson R, et al; AUGUSTUS Investigators. Antithrombotic therapy after acute coronary syndrome or PCI in atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:1509-24. 30883055
New antibiotics: NHS will test “pay for usefulness” model to stimulate research
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2019)

The NHS will pay drug companies up front for access to new drugs depending on their usefulness, in an effort to encourage them to invest the £1bn (€1.11bn; $1.25bn) or more needed to bring a new antibiotic to market.

This trial in incentivising companies to focus on developing drugs that may be held in reserve is a move away from the usual way the NHS pays for drugs, which is based on how much they are used.

The drug industry has been reluctant to invest in the research and clinical trials necessary to bring new antibiotics to market because of low returns. The “subscription-style” payment model is seen …
Chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 2 deficiency and tumor suppression
Authors: Sundaresan Venkatachalam, Prabakaran Nagarajan, Thandi Onami, Sangeetha Rajagopalan, Kania Stephen, Robert Donnell
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

5867  Changes in chromatin structure brought about by various factors are known to play a critical role in gene regulation. Epigenetic regulation and alterations in chromatin structure allow various nuclear factors to access certain regions of DNA to carry out DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. The chromatin modifiers are classified broadly into two classes: histone-modifying enzymes and ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling factors. Chromodomain helicase DNA binding proteins (CHD) are a group of highly conserved proteins sharing sequence motifs and functional domains and are classified under the group of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling factors. CHD2 is one of the poorly characterized CHD proteins. The human gene encoding CHD2 is mapped to chromosome15q26.2. This region has been associated with rare genetic disorders that lead to growth retardation, cardiac defects and early post natal lethality. In an effort to understand the functional role of the chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 2 (Chd2) in mammals, we have generated a Chd2 mutant mouse model. Our data show that Chd2 is an essential protein in mammals and regulates hematopoietic stem cell differentiation along the erythroid lineage. The Chd2 protein also appears to play a critical role in tumor suppression as the Chd2 heterozygous mutant mice are highly susceptible to lymphomas. In addition, Chd2 mutant cells exhibit cell cycle defects, accumulate higher levels of the chromatin associated DNA damage response mediator, γH2AX, and exhibit an aberrant DNA damage response after X-ray irradiation. In essence our data indicate that the chromatin remodeling protein, Chd2, functions in tumor suppression by affecting DNA damage responses.
The Emerging Nature of Astrocyte Diversity
Authors: Baljit S. Khakh, Benjamin Deneen
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2019)

Astrocytes are morphologically complex, ubiquitous cells that are viewed as a homogeneous population tiling the entire central nervous system (CNS). However, this view has been challenged in the last few years with the availability of RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, morphological reconstruction, and imaging data. These studies suggest that astrocytes represent a diverse population of cells and that they display brain area– and disease–specific properties and functions. In this review, we summarize these observations, emphasize areas where clear conclusions can be made, and discuss potential unifying themes. We also identify knowledge gaps that need to be addressed in order to exploit astrocyte diversity as a biological phenomenon of physiological relevance in the CNS. We thus provide a summary and a perspective on astrocyte diversity in the vertebrate CNS.
New Guidelines for Statistical Reporting in the <i>Journal</i>
Authors: David Harrington, Ralph B. D’Agostino, Constantine Gatsonis, Joseph W. Hogan, David J. Hunter, Sharon-Lise T. Normand, Jeffrey M. Drazen, Mary Beth Hamel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

Some Journal readers may have noticed more parsimonious reporting of P values in our research articles over the past year. For example, in November 2018, we published two reports from the Vitamin D...
Calcitonin-Negative Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Thyroid on 68Ga DOTANOC PET-CT
Authors: Sarthak Tripathy, Shipra Aggrawal, Kishan Subudhi, Rakesh Kumar, Anubhav Narwal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Abstract Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the thyroid gland are generally considered to be derived from parafollicular endocrine or C cells and are known as medullary thyroid carcinomas. Non–calcitonin-producing NETs of the thyroid are extremely rare in occurrence and pose a significant diagnostic dilemma for the physician and pathologist. We describe a case of a 58-year-old woman who was diagnosed as having primary NET thyroid with normal calcitonin levels and 68 Ga DOTANOC PET-CT scan findings which were done for initial extent evaluation of the disease.
Accelerated sarcopenia and outcomes in older adults with cancer: The Health ABC Study.
Authors: Grant Richard Williams, Yanjun Chen, Kelly Kenzik, Andrew Michael McDonald, Shlomit S. Shachar, Heidi D. Klepin, Stephen Kritchevsky, Smita Bhatia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

11526 Background: Progressive loss of muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia) is a well-known phenomenon of aging; however, little is known about the contribution of a cancer diagnosis to sarcopenia and its subsequent impact on disability. Using a prospective cohort of older adults from pre- to post-cancer diagnosis and a similarly-followed non-cancer cohort, we examined the trajectory of sarcopenia measures and their association with overall survival (OS) and major disability among those with cancer. Methods: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study is a prospective longitudinal study where 3,075 community-dwelling older adults (70-79y) underwent 6 annual assessments of body composition and were followed for development of sentinel events (cancer, disability, death). Appendicular lean mass (ALM [kg]) was a sum of DXA-based lean tissue of all extremities. Hand grip strength (HGS [kg]) was averaged from 2 trials per hand. Gait speed (GS) was evaluated over a 20m course. We used linear mixed effect models to compare the change in ALM, HGS, and GS between individuals who subsequently developed cancer and those who did not, adjusting for age, race, gender, enrollment site. Among patients with cancer, we used multivariable cox regression for time from cancer diagnosis to mortality and major disability (cane/walker, inability to walk 0.25 mile/climb 10 steps, assistance with activities of daily living) treating sarcopenia measures as time-varying covariates. Results: Mean age at enrollment was 75y; 52% female; 42% black; 515 new cancers (prostate: 23%, colorectal: 15%, lung: 13%, breast: 11%). Compared with non-cancer controls, we found significantly steeper declines in HGS ( p= 0.03) and GS ( p&lt; 0.001), and a trend in ALM ( p= 0.07) prior to cancer diagnosis; and a significantly steeper decline in ALM ( p&lt; 0.001), but no difference in HGS ( p= 0.6) or GS ( p= 0.4) after cancer diagnosis. Slow GS was associated with a 44% increase in mortality ( p= 0.02) and a 70% increase in disability ( p= 0.02), but not ALM or HGS. Conclusions: Accelerated loss in sarcopenia measures both prior to and after a cancer diagnosis, and association with disability and mortality in older adults with cancer, present opportunities for targeted interventions.
Relative Contribution of Afterload and Interstitial Fibrosis to Myocardial Function in Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Alisson Slimani, Julie Melchior, Christophe de Meester, Sophie Pierard, Clotilde Roy, Mihaela Amzulescu, Caroline Bouzin, Frédéric Maes, Agnès Pasquet, Anne-Catherine Pouleur, David Vancraeynest, Bernhard Gerber, Gebrine El Khoury, Jean-Louis Vanoverschelde
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2019)
Evaluation of etiologic genetic polymorphisms by whole exome sequencing (WES) in the Mayo Clinic AML epidemiology cohort (MCAEC).
Authors: Zaid Abdel Rahman, Yesesri Cherukuri, Michael Heckman, Laura Elizabeth Finn, James Robert Cerhan, Yan W. Asmann, James M. Foran
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

7021 Background: Case-control studies (CCS) have identified germline variants (GVs) &amp; genes associated with AML risk and/or outcome. However, whether these genes also harbor somatic mutations (SMs) in AML and whether these SMs are associated with clinical phenotypes and outcome is unknown. We systemically interrogated PubMed (terms "AML genetic polymorphisms"), yielding 612 reports (1981-2018), from which we identified unique variants/single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 100 genes associated with AML risk and/or outcome in CCS. To determine the prevalence and relevance of SMs in these genes in an unselected AML population, we performed an analysis using WES of cases in the highly-annotated MCAEC (Finn, Ca Epidemiol 2015). Methods: We performed WES using remnant cytogenetic pellets from AML diagnosis in 98 MCAEC patients with available samples, sequenced at a depth of ~100 million paired-end 100bp reads using Agilent SureSelectXT Human All Exon V5 + UTRs target enrichment kit. Sequencing reads were aligned to human reference genome, and SMs including non-synonymous (NS) and truncating single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small INDELs were identified and filtered using Exome Sequencing Project, 1000 genome, HapMap, &amp; Mayo Clinic (MC) internal Biobank GV database. Copy number aberrations (CNAs) were identified &amp; filtered using public CN polymorphism databases. For this analysis we evaluated the prevalence of somatic SNVs, INDELs, &amp; CNAs in the 100 nominated genetic risk genes in collaboration with MC Cancer Center to determine their association with clinical phenotype and outcome. Results: Of the 100 unique genes, there were 40 with SM in our dataset, with 126 total mutations. Most were mutated in a very small number of patients, allowing insufficient statistical power to perform association analyses. However, an NS mutation in CYP2B6 (c.785A &gt; G, p.Lys262Arg) had a minor allele frequency of 12.0%; this variant has been reported in association with breast cancer risk, but not with AML. Conclusions: We studied SM’s in AML genetic risk genes using WES of tumor samples. While representing a smaller sample size, this suggests their contribution to AML development may be limited in a broader clinical population. These results &amp; prevalence of the novel CYP2B6 rs2279343 variant in AML must be confirmed in larger cohorts.
Treatment outcomes of HIV patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma treated with standard dose CHOP compared with dose-modified CHOP chemotherapy at the Uganda Cancer Institute.
Authors: Alex Bakenga
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

e19025 Background: Despite the increased access to effective combination ART, there is still significant mortality associated with malignancies in HIV-positive patients. Because majority of patients present late especially with advanced disease, some of whom may not be able to tolerate standard dose chemotherapy, the Uganda Cancer Institute utilizes both standard dose and dose-modified CHOP chemotherapy for HIV-related NHL. We evaluated HIV patients with NHL treated with standard dose or dose-modified CHOP with the aim of accessing treatment outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients who received chemotherapy at the UCI between January 2004 to December 2014. 410 eligible patients were reviewed and information on clinical characteristics, chemotherapy regimens, treatment outcomes and vital status at 6-months after completion of chemotherapy. Results: Overall 450 patients were available for screening, 12 did not receive chemotherapy and 37 received other chemotherapy regimens. 410 patients with HIV-related NHL were analyzed with 291 receiving standard dose and 119 patients received dose-modified CHOP chemotherapy. Most patients were male 59.8% and 50.4% in standard dose and dose-modified group respectively. 83.2% in the standard dose and 79.8% in the dose-modified group had advanced disease. A complete response was achieved in 67 of the 291 (23%) patients who received 6 standard dose chemotherapy cycles and 32 of the 119 (27%) patients who received 6 cycles dose-modified chemotherapy. The overall mortality was (18/202) 8.9%; 13/143 (9.1%) in the standard dose group and 5/59 (8.5%) in the dose-modified group. On multivariate analysis, female gender (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.02-2.85, at least 6 cycles of chemotherapy (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.11-0.87), chemotherapy received on schedule (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.30-0.90) and disease progression (OR 3.58, 95% CI 1.01-12.63) were significantly associated with mortality. Conclusions: The complete response rates and mortality were not different; thus, recommendation is to consider dose-modified therapy because of the fewer associated side effects and lesser chemotherapy associated toxicities. Although, this was not statistically significant.