tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Low-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets With Mortality Among US Adults
Authors: Zhilei Shan, Yanjun Guo, Frank B. Hu, Liegang Liu, Qibin Qi
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> It is crucial to incorporate quality and types of carbohydrate and fat when investigating the associations of low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets with mortality. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the associations of low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets with total and cause-specific mortality among US adults. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This prospective cohort study used data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2014 from 37 233 adults 20 years or older with 24-hour dietary recall data. Data were analyzed from July 5 to August 27, 2019. <h3>Exposures</h3> Overall, unhealthy, and healthy low-carbohydrate-diet and low-fat-diet scores based on the percentage of energy as total and subtypes of carbohydrate, fat, and protein. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> All-cause mortality from baseline until December 31, 2015, linked to National Death Index mortality data. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 37 233 US adults (mean [SD] age, 49.7 [18.3] years; 19 598 [52.6%] female) were included in the present analysis. During 297 768 person-years of follow-up, 4866 total deaths occurred. Overall low-carbohydrate-diet and low-fat-diet scores were not associated with total mortality. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for total mortality per 20-percentile increase in dietary scores were 1.07 (95% CI, 1.02-1.11;<i>P</i> = .01 for trend) for unhealthy low-carbohydrate-diet score, 0.91 (95% CI, 0.87-0.95;<i>P</i> &lt; .001 for trend) for healthy low-carbohydrate-diet score, 1.06 (95% CI, 1.01-1.12;<i>P</i> = .04 for trend) for unhealthy low-fat-diet score, and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.85-0.93;<i>P</i> &lt; .001 for trend) for healthy low-fat-diet score. The associations remained similar in the stratification and sensitivity analyses. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this study, overall low-carbohydrate-diet and low-fat-diet scores were not associated with total mortality. Unhealthy low-carbohydrate-diet and low-fat-diet scores were associated with higher total mortality, whereas healthy low-carbohydrate-diet and low-fat-diet scores were associated with lower total mortality. These findings suggest that the associations of low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets with mortality may depend on the quality and food sources of macronutrients.
ANG1005, a Brain-Penetrating Peptide–Drug Conjugate, Shows Activity in Patients with Breast Cancer with Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis and Recurrent Brain Metastases
Authors: Priya Kumthekar, Shou-Ching Tang, Andrew J. Brenner, Santosh Kesari, David E. Piccioni, Carey Anders, Jose Carrillo, Pavani Chalasani, Peter Kabos, Shannon Puhalla, Katherine Tkaczuk, Agustin A. Garcia, Manmeet S. Ahluwalia, Jeffrey S. Wefel, Nehal Lakhani, Nuhad Ibrahim
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Purpose: ANG1005, a novel taxane derivative, consists of three paclitaxel molecules covalently linked to Angiopep-2, designed to cross the blood–brain and blood–cerebrospinal barriers and to penetrate malignant cells via LRP1 transport system. Preclinical and clinical evidence of efficacy with ANG1005 has been previously shown. Patients and Methods: A multicenter, open-label phase II study in adult patients with measurable recurrent brain metastases from breast cancer (BCBM), with or without leptomeningeal carcinomatosis was conducted (n = 72 BCBM; n = 28 leptomeningeal carcinomatosis subset). ANG1005 was administered intravenously at 600 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. Tumor assessment was based on central nervous system (CNS) RECIST 1.1 for intracranial, and RECIST 1.1 for extracranial response. The primary endpoint was determination of intracranial objective response rate (iORR). Results: Median age was 47.5 years. Safety profile was similar to that of paclitaxel with myelosuppression as the predominating toxicity. Average number of prior CNS-directed therapies was 2.8 and 94% of the patients had prior taxane treatment. Patient benefit (stable disease or better) was seen in 77% (intracranial) and 86% (extracranial) of the evaluable patients, with iORR of 15% (investigator) or 8% (independent radiology facility [IRF] review). In the leptomeningeal carcinomatosis subset, 79% of the patients had intracranial disease control and estimated median overall survival of 8.0 months (95% CI, 5.4–9.4). Conclusions: Even though the study preset rule for iORR per IRF was not met in this heavily pretreated population, a notable CNS and systemic treatment effect was seen in all patients including symptom improvement and prolonged overall survival compared to historical control for the subset of patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (n = 28).
A Hydrogel Microneedle Patch for Point‐of‐Care Testing Based on Skin Interstitial Fluid
Authors: Rongyan He, Yan Niu, Zedong Li, Ang Li, Huayuan Yang, Feng Xu, Fei Li
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Skin interstitial fluid (ISF) holds great potential as a highly desirable sample resource for point‐of‐care testing (POCT), where the key is to effectively collect target biomarkers from ISF. Hydrogel microneedle patch has great promise for ISF extraction. However, it is challenging to recover target biomarkers from the extracted skin ISF in hydrogel microneedle patches in an easy‐administrated, fast, and bulky instrument‐free manner. Herein, a hydrogel microneedle patch made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CS) for POCT based on the ISF is developed. The phase transition property of PVA/CS hydrogel makes the microneedles stiff when dry, which is beneficial to easily penetrate into skin. Meanwhile, the highly porous microstructure of hydrogel offers good swelling ability for extraction of ISF and the thermal degradation property of PVA makes it convenient to quickly and efficiently recover target biomarkers from microneedle patch. The capability of this platform for POCT applications is further demonstrated by successful detections of typical biomarkers collected from the mimetic skin and monitoring the glucose level in rabbit skins during a day. The developed hydrogel microneedle patch holds the advantages of extraction of skin ISF and recovery of biomarkers, thus presenting as a powerful platform for skin ISF‐based POCT applications.
Outcome to Neoadjuvant Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy in Resectable Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC) Patients (P) According to Expression Levels of BRCA1, RAP80, and AEG-1
Authors: N. Pardo, P. Celiz, A. Font, M. Taron, I. Chaib, P. Mendez, J.J. Sánchez, B. Sanchez, J.L. Cuadra Urteaga, R. Rosell
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Cord blood hemopoietic cell receptor expression is associated with early life atopic risk and lung function
Authors: Loubna Akhabir, Elli Rosenberg, Damian Tworek, Delia Heroux, Jyoti Balhara, Kelly M. McNagny, Malcolm R. Sears, Diana L. Lefebvre, Allan B. Becker, Stuart E. Turvey, Piush J. Mandhane, Theo J. Moraes, Padmaja Subbarao, Guillaume Paré, Judah A. Denburg
Journal: Allergy (2020)

Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Clinical efficacy and safety of fluoroquinolone containing regimens in patients with <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> complex pulmonary disease
Authors: Hadeel Khadawardi, Theodore K. Marras, Mahtab Mehrabi, Sarah K. Brode
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>Fluoroquinolone containing regimens for <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> complex pulmonary disease demonstrated similar treatment outcomes, but more adverse events, than standard triple therapy</b>http://bit.ly/2RdlFpa
Clinical Considerations When Initiating and Titrating Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide (IDegLira) in People with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Stewart Harris, Martin J. Abrahamson, Antonio Ceriello, Guillaume Charpentier, Marc Evans, Roger Lehmann, Andreas Liebl, Sultan Linjawi, Richard I. G. Holt, Nóra Hosszúfalusi, Guy Rutten, Tina Vilsbøll
Journal: Drugs (2020)

Therapeutic inertia is a substantial obstacle to the initiation of insulin therapy in people with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (T2D). This effect has in part been perpetuated by concerns over the impact of a burdensome regimen and the increased risk of hypoglycemia and body weight gain often associated with insulin use. An effective, yet simple, less burdensome regimen with a lower risk of body weight gain and hypoglycemia compared with an insulin-only regimen, may help to address these concerns more effectively. We review the available clinical and real-world data on IDegLira, a once-daily, injectable, fixed-ratio combination of insulin degludec (degludec) and the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) liraglutide, in people with T2D. Evidence from the comprehensive DUAL clinical trial program suggests an advantage of IDegLira over traditional insulin therapies in a number of clinical outcomes, including maintenance of glycemic control, achievement of glycemic targets, reducing the risk of hypoglycemia, and body weight loss. These findings were demonstrated in participants with T2D irrespective of prior GLP-1RA and insulin use. Furthermore, the individual components of IDegLira have confirmed safety (degludec) or significant benefit in terms of improvement of cardiovascular risk (liraglutide). As an injectable therapy that is simple to titrate, IDegLira has the potential to optimize the ability to achieve relevant glycemic targets, and offers a suitable treatment option for people with T2D requiring insulin therapy who are at risk of hypoglycemia or weight gain.
Apicoplast isoprenoid precursor synthesis and the molecular basis of fosmidomycin resistance in <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>
Authors: Sethu C. Nair, Carrie F. Brooks, Christopher D. Goodman, Angelika Sturm, Geoffrey I. McFadden, Sandeep Sundriyal, Justin L. Anglin, Yongcheng Song, Silvia N.J. Moreno, Boris Striepen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2012)
Src-family kinase-dependent invasion of colon cancer cells is controlled by CBP/PAG-mediated recruitment of Csk to membrane
Authors: Audrey Sirvent, Christine Benistant, Pannequin Julie, Laurence Veracini, Valerie Simon, Frederic Hollande, John Hickman, Francisco Cruzalegui, Serge Roche
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)
A Novel Dual-Hormone Insulin-and-Pramlintide Artificial Pancreas for Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial
Authors: Ahmad Haidar, Michael A. Tsoukas, Sarah Bernier-Twardy, Jean-Francois Yale, Joanna Rutkowski, Anne Bossy, Evelyne Pytka, Anas El Fathi, Natalia Strauss, Laurent Legault
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

The rapid insulin-alone artificial pancreas improves glycemia in type 1 diabetes but daytime control remains suboptimal. We propose two novel dual-hormone artificial pancreas systems.We conducted a randomized crossover trial comparing a rapid insulin-alone artificial pancreas with rapid insulin-and-pramlintide and with regular insulin-and-pramlintide artificial pancreas systems in adults with type 1 diabetes. Participants were assigned to the interventions in random order during three 24-h inpatient visits. Each visit was preceded by an outpatient hormonal open-loop run-in period of 10-14 days. The dual-hormone artificial pancreas delivered pramlintide in a basal-bolus manner, using a novel dosing algorithm, with a fixed ratio relative to insulin. The primary outcome was time in the range 3.9-10.0 mmol/L.Compared with the rapid insulin-alone artificial pancreas system, the rapid insulin-and-pramlintide system increased the time in range from 74% (SD 18%) to 84% (13%) (P = 0.0014), whereas the regular insulin-and-pramlintide system did not change the time in range (69% [19%]; P = 0.22). The increased time in range with the rapid insulin-and-pramlintide system was due to improved daytime control (daytime time in range increased from 63% [23%] to 78% [16%], P = 0.0004). There were 11 (1 per 2.5 days) hypoglycemic events (<3.3 mmol/L with symptoms or <3.0 mmol/L irrespective of symptoms) with the rapid insulin-alone system, compared with 12 (1 per 2.3 days) and 18 (1 per 1.4 days) with the rapid and regular insulin-and-pramlintide systems, respectively. Gastrointestinal symptoms were reported after 0% (0 of 112) of meals with the rapid insulin-alone system, compared with 6% (6 of 108) and 11% (11 of 104) with the rapid and regular insulin-and-pramlintide systems, respectively; none of the symptoms were severe.A novel rapid insulin-and-pramlintide artificial pancreas improves glucose control compared with a rapid insulin-alone artificial pancreas (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02814123).
Abstract 348: Laryngoscopy With Vallecula Blade Position is Associated With Higher Success in Tracheal Intubation for Critically Ill Children
Authors: Priyanka Kharayat, Akira Nishisaki, Elizabeth Laverriere, Aaron Donoghue
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Classical teaching in pediatric laryngoscopy advocates the use of straight blades to be placed underneath the epiglottis, whereas curved blades are placed in the vallecula. Anesthesia studies suggest that straight blade positioning in the vallecula may be a satisfactory technique for small children. We sought to assess laryngoscope blade tip position during pediatric tracheal intubation (TI) and its association with intubation success. Methods: Observational single center study. Children undergoing TI from November 2017 until December 2018 in a pediatric emergency department (ED) and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) using a CMAC video laryngoscope with recorded images available for review were eligible for inclusion. Patient and provider characteristics were obtained from quality improvement database. Each video was independently reviewed, and the blade tip position was determined by study personnel as ‘in vallecula’ or ‘under epiglottis’. TI success was defined as observation of the tube entering the trachea on video. Univariate analysis between blade tip position and success, as well as potential confounders, was performed by chi 2 testing. Multivariable logistic regression to determine the independent association between blade tip position and success while controlling for relevant confounders. Results: 95 TI attempts were analysed. 58% of attempts were successful (14/35 in infants, 8/15 in 1-7 yr old, 33/45 in 8+ yr, p=0.01). Blade tip position was in the vallecula for 20/31 (65%) attempts with curved blades and 23/64 (36%) with straight blades. In univariate analysis, TI attempts with blade tip position ‘in vallecula’ were significantly more successful than attempts with ‘under epiglottis’ (37% vs. 84%, p&lt;0.001). Median duration of laryngoscopy was 41 sec (IQR 27-59), not significantly different between two blade tip positions (p=0.06). After controlling for patient age and blade type (potential confounders), TI attempts with blade tip ‘in vallecula’ was independently associated with success (aOR 7.2, 95% CI 2.6 - 20.1). Conclusion: During pediatric TI, laryngoscope blade tip position in the vallecula was independently associated with success when compared with placement under the epiglottis.
Contributions of Eosinophils to Human Health and Disease
Authors: Amy D. Klion, Steven J. Ackerman, Bruce S. Bochner
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2020)

The human eosinophil has long been thought to favorably influence innate mucosal immunity but at times has also been incriminated in disease pathophysiology. Research into eosinophil biology has uncovered a number of interesting contributions by eosinophils to health and disease. However, it appears that not all eosinophils from all species are created equal. It remains unclear, for example, exactly how having eosinophils benefits the human host when helminth infections in the developed world have become scarce. This review focuses on our current state of knowledge as it relates to human eosinophils. When information is lacking, we discuss lessons learned from mouse studies that may or may not directly apply to human biology and disease. It is an exciting time to be an “eosinophilosopher” because the use of biologic agents that selectively target eosinophils provides an unprecedented opportunity to define the contribution of this cell to eosinophil-associated human diseases.
What is AI? Applications of artificial intelligence to dermatology
Authors: X. Du‐Harpur, F.M. Watt, N.M. Luscombe, M.D. Lynch
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

In the past, the skills required to make an accurate dermatological diagnosis have required exposure to thousands of patients over many years. However, in recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has made enormous advances, particularly in the area of image classification. This has led computer scientists to apply these techniques to develop algorithms that are able to recognize skin lesions, particularly melanoma. Since 2017, there have been numerous studies assessing the accuracy of algorithms, with some reporting that the accuracy matches or surpasses that of a dermatologist. While the principles underlying these methods are relatively straightforward, it can be challenging for the practising dermatologist to make sense of a plethora of unfamiliar terms in this domain. Here we explain the concepts of AI, machine learning, neural networks and deep learning, and explore the principles of how these tasks are accomplished. We critically evaluate the studies that have assessed the efficacy of these methods and discuss limitations and potential ethical issues. The burden of skin cancer is growing within the Western world, with major implications for both population skin health and the provision of dermatology services. AI has the potential to assist in the diagnosis of skin lesions and may have particular value at the interface between primary and secondary care. The emerging technology represents an exciting opportunity for dermatologists, who are the individuals best informed to explore the utility of this powerful novel diagnostic tool, and facilitate its safe and ethical implementation within healthcare systems.
Assessment of Paid Childbearing and Family Leave Policies for Administrative Staff at Top US Medical Schools
Authors: Mary C. Vance, Nicholas S. Riano, Reshma Jagsi, Marlene J. Guzman, Whitney Beeler, Eleni Linos, Christina Mangurian
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

This quality improvement study reviews the human resources policies for childbearing and family leave for administrative staff at 12 leading US medical schools.
Restitution of gut microbiota in Ugandan children administered with probiotics (<i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> GG and <i>Bifidobacterium animalis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i> BB-12) during treatment for severe acute malnutrition
Authors: Josué L. Castro-Mejía, Sinéad O’Ferrall, Łukasz Krych, Elaine O’Mahony, Hanifa Namusoke, Betty Lanyero, Witold Kot, Nicolette Nabukeera-Barungi, Kim Fleischer Michaelsen, Christian Mølgaard, Henrik Friis, Benedikte Grenov, Dennis S. Nielsen
Journal: Gut Microbes (2020)

Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a major challenge in low-income countries and gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis may play a role in its etiology. Here, we determined the GM evolution during rehabilitation from SAM and the impact of probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12) supplementation. The GM (16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing) of children admitted to hospital with SAM showed distinct composition over admission (e.g. Klebsiella spp., and Enterobacteriaceae spp.), discharge (e.g. Clostridiaceae spp., Veilonella dispar) and follow-up (e.g. Lactobacillus ruminis, Blautia spp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii), reaching similar β- and α-diversity as healthy individuals. Children with diarrhea had reduced distribution of Bacteroidaceae, Lachnospiraceae, increased Enterobacteriaceae and Moraxellaceae, and lower α-diversity. Children suffering from edematous SAM had diminished proportion of Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminoccaceae and a higher α-diversity when compared to non-edematous SAM. Supplementation of probiotics did not influence β-diversity upon discharge or follow-up, but it increased (p < .05) the number of observed species [SE: > 4.5]. Children where the probiotic species were detected had lower cumulative incidence (p < .001) of diarrhea during the follow-up period compared to children receiving placebo and children receiving probiotics, but where the probiotics were not detected. The GM of children with non-edematous and edematous SAM differ in composition, which might have implications for future GM targeted treatments. Probiotics treatment reduced the cumulative incidence of diarrhea during the outpatient phase, with the strongest effect in children where the administered probiotics could be detected in the GM.
Re: Felix Preisser, Felix K.H. Chun, Raisa S. Pompe, et al. Persistent Prostate-Specific Antigen After Radical Prostatectomy and Its Impact on Oncologic Outcomes. Eur Urol 2019;76:106–14
Authors: Francesco Montorsi, Nicola Fossati, Giorgio Gandaglia, Alberto Briganti
Journal: European Urology (2020)
Comparison of Mortality and Major Cardiovascular Events Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Using Human vs Analogue Insulins
Authors: Romain Neugebauer, Emily B. Schroeder, Kristi Reynolds, Julie A. Schmittdiel, Linda Loes, Wendy Dyer, Jay R. Desai, Gabriela Vazquez-Benitez, P. Michael Ho, Jeff P. Anderson, Noel Pimentel, Patrick J. O’Connor
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

The comparative cardiovascular safety of analogue and human insulins in adults with type 2 diabetes who initiate insulin therapy in usual care settings has not been carefully evaluated using machine learning and other rigorous analytic methods.To examine the association of analogue vs human insulin use with mortality and major cardiovascular events.This retrospective cohort study included 127 600 adults aged 21 to 89 years with type 2 diabetes at 4 health care delivery systems who initiated insulin therapy from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2013. Machine learning and rigorous inference methods with time-varying exposures were used to evaluate associations of continuous exposure to analogue vs human insulins with mortality and major cardiovascular events. Data were analyzed from September 1, 2017, through June 30, 2018.On the index date (first insulin dispensing), participants were classified as using analogue insulin with or without human insulin or human insulin only.Overall mortality, mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA), and hospitalization for congestive heart failure (CHF) were evaluated. Marginal structural modeling (MSM) with inverse probability weighting was used to compare event-free survival in separate per-protocol analyses. Adjusted and unadjusted hazard ratios and cumulative risk differences were based on logistic MSM parameterizations for counterfactual hazards. Propensity scores were estimated using a data-adaptive approach (machine learning) based on 3 nested covariate adjustment sets. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to address potential residual confounding from unmeasured differences in risk factors across delivery systems.The 127 600 participants (mean [SD] age, 59.4 [12.6] years; 68 588 men [53.8%]; mean [SD] body mass index, 32.3 [7.1]) had a median follow-up of 4 quarters (interquartile range, 3-9 quarters) and experienced 5464 deaths overall (4.3%), 1729 MIs (1.4%), 1301 CVAs (1.0%), and 3082 CHF hospitalizations (2.4%). There were no differences in adjusted hazard ratios for continuous analogue vs human insulin exposure during 10 quarters for overall mortality (1.15; 95% CI, 0.97-1.34), CVD mortality (1.26; 95% CI, 0.86-1.66), MI (1.11; 95% CI, 0.77-1.45), CVA (1.30; 95% CI, 0.81-1.78), or CHF hospitalization (0.93; 95% CI, 0.75-1.11).Insulin-naive adults with type 2 diabetes who initiate and continue treatment with human vs analogue insulins had similar observed rates of major cardiovascular events, CVD mortality, and overall mortality.