tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The use of the word “cure” in oncology.
Authors: Kenneth David Miller, Joseph Abraham, Brijen L Joshi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

6067 Background: Use of the word “cure” in cancer care reflects a balance of physician and patient optimism, realism, medico-legal concerns, and even superstition. The purpose of this study was to survey a group of clinicians regarding the frequency and determinants of using the word “cure” in their practice. Methods: In 2011, 180 oncology clinicians at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute were invited to complete a survey regarding the word “cure” in cancer care. Participants completed a 19 question survey regarding how commonly their patients are cured, how often they use the word cure, in what circumstances they would tell a patient that they are cured, the timing of telling a patient that they are cured, and hesitancy in using the word cure. Three patient case scenarios were presented to elicit participants’ views regarding whether patients were cured and whether they need continued follow-up. Results: The 117 participants who provided answers to the cure questions (65% of the original 180 invitees), were evenly divided between males and females,73% were medical doctors, and 56% had 10 or more years of experience since their training. Eighty-one percent of respondents were hesitant to tell a patient that they are cured and 63% would never tell a patient that they are cured. Only 7% feel that greater than 75% of their patients are, or will be, cured. This varied significantly by subspecialty (p&lt;0.001). The participating clinicians reported that only 34% (sd: 30%) of patients ask if they are cured. In considering 20-year survivors of seminoma, large cell lymphoma, and estrogen positive breast cancer, 81%, 73%, and 47% of clinicians, respectively, believed that the patients were cured and 33%, 38%, and 52% recommended annual oncology follow-up of the patients. Twenty-three percent of clinicians believed that patients should never be discharged from the cancer center. Conclusions: Oncologists report that patients are hesitant to ask whether they are cured, and the clinicians are hesitant to tell, although this varied by cancer subspecialty. Annual oncology follow-up was frequently endorsed, even after 20 years in remission.
Most elderly patients hospitalized for heart failure lack the abilities needed to perform the tasks required for self‐care: impact on outcomes
Authors: María T. Vidán, Francisco‐Javier Martín Sánchez, Elísabet Sánchez, Francisco‐Javier Ortiz, José A. Serra‐Rexach, Manuel Martínez‐Sellés, Héctor Bueno
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2019)
trans,trans conjugated linoleic acid isomers mixture inhibits mouse forestomach neoplasia induced by benzo(a)pyrene.
Authors: Yeong L. Ha
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

5225  The anticarcinogenic activity of t,t conjugated linoleic acid isomers mixture (designated t,t CLAs) was studied in mouse forestomach carcinogenesis model induced by benzo(a)pyrene (BP), referenced with c9,t11 CLA, t10,c12 CLA, and synthetic CLA. The t,t CLAs (99%), which was synthesized from synthetic CLA by methylation for 30 min with 14.0% BF3/methanol, consisted of 2.6% t12,t14; 10.7% t11,t13; 36.7% t10,t12; 38.2% t9,t11; 9.5% t8,t10; and 2.3% t7,t9 CLA. The purity of CLA samples was 95% synthetic CLA, 91% c9,t11 CLA, and 98% t10,c12 CLA. Female ICR mouse (6-7 weeks of age and 26±1 g) was given sample orally (0.1 mL + olive oil 0.1 mL) on Monday and Wednesday, and BP (2 mg/0.2 mL olive oil) on Friday. This cycle was repeated 4 times. Twenty-three weeks later, the experiment was terminated and analyzed with various parameters related to forestomach tumorigenesis. The t,t CLAs strongly inhibited the initiation of BP-induced female ICR mouse forestomach neoplasia relative to c9,t11 CLA, t10,c12 CLA, and synthetic CLA by the mechanistic action of apoptotic induction. The number of tumors per mouse by synthetic CLA, c9,t11 CLA, and t10,c12 CLA were 5.76±3.15, 5.96±3.47, and 5.36±2.99, respectively, but it was significantly reduced to 4.55±2.54 by t,t CLAs. Tumor incidence (84.6%) of mice treated with t,t CLAs was similar to 88.9% c9,t11 CLA and 89.3% t10,c12 CLA, but it was of significant difference, relative to 100% of control and linoleic acid-treated mice. The size of tumor was also reduced: 1.67±0.96 mm t,t CLAs; 1.85±0.69 mm synthetic CLA; 1.94±1.10 mm c9,t11 CLA; and 1.75±1.23 mm t10,c12 CLA. The t,t CLAs enhanced the fragmentation of DNA when analyzed by electrophoresis, and also enhanced the apoptotic index to 35.46±4.5%, measured by TUNEL method, as compared to 25.39±3.8 synthetic CLA, 21.56±5.2 c9,t11 CLA, 29.75±2.9 t10,c12 CLA, 4.50±2.3 BP, and 7.12±2.1 linoleic acid. The t,t CLAs reduced the expression of Bcl-2 gene analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting, induced Bax gene expression and increased caspase-3 enzyme activity. cPLA2 activity was not affected by t,t CLAs. These results suggest that among CLA isomers, t,t CLAs showed the most potent anticarcinogenic activity for the BP-induced mouse forestomach carcinogenesis regimen, in part, due to induction of apoptosis. Key words: carcinogenesis, apotosis, bcl-2, forestomach
Opposing actions of renal tubular- and myeloid-derived porcupine in obstruction-induced kidney fibrosis
Authors: Xiaohan Lu, Nathan P. Rudemiller, Jiafa Ren, Yi Wen, Bo Yang, Robert Griffiths, Jamie R. Privratsky, Babita Madan, David M. Virshup, Steven D. Crowley
Journal: Kidney International (2019)
Abstract 16041: The Dose-Response Relationship Between Intracoronary Acetylcholine and Minimal Lumen Diameter in Endothelial Function Testing of Women and Men With Angina in the Absence of Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Vedant S Pargaonkar, Takeshi Nishi, Justin Lee, Eric K Chow, Robyn L Ball, Yuhei Kobayashi, Takumi Kimura, David P Lee, Marcia L Stefanick, William F Fearon, Alan C Yeung, Jennifer A Tremmel
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Intracoronary (IC) acetylcholine (Ach) provocation testing is considered the gold standard for assessing coronary endothelial function. However, dosing regimens of Ach are quite varied ...
Outdoor air pollution and the burden of childhood asthma across Europe
Authors: Haneen Khreis, Marta Cirach, Natalie Mueller, Kees de Hoogh, Gerard Hoek, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, David Rojas-Rueda
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2019)

Emerging evidence suggests that air pollution may contribute to childhood asthma development. We estimated the burden of incident childhood asthma that may be attributable to outdoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter ≤2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) in Europe.We combined country-level childhood incidence rates and pooled exposure-response functions with childhood (age 1-14 years) population counts, and exposure estimates at 1 540 386 1 km×1 km cells, across 18 European countries and 63 442 419 children. Annual average pollutant concentrations were obtained from a validated and harmonised European land-use regression model. We investigated two exposure reduction scenarios. For the first, we used recommended annual World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guideline values. For the second, we used the minimum air pollution levels recorded across 41 studies in the underlying meta-analysis.NO2 ranged from 1.4 to 70.0 µg·m-3, with a mean of 11.8 µg·m-3. PM2.5 ranged from 2.0 to 41.1 µg·m-3, with a mean of 11.6 µg·m-3. BC ranged from 0.003 to 3.7×10-5 m-1, with a mean of 1.0×10-5 m-1. Compliance with the NO2 and PM2.5 WHO guidelines was estimated to prevent 2434 (0.4%) and 66 567 (11%) incident cases, respectively. Meeting the minimum air pollution levels for NO2 (1.5 µg·m-3), PM2.5 (0.4 µg·m-3) and BC (0.4×10-5 m-1) was estimated to prevent 135 257 (23%), 191 883 (33%) and 89 191 (15%) incident cases, respectively.A significant proportion of childhood asthma cases may be attributable to outdoor air pollution and these cases could be prevented. Our estimates underline an urgent need to reduce children's exposure to air pollution.
Cellular and Genetic Determinants of the Sensitivity of Cancer to α-Particle Irradiation
Authors: Brian D. Yard, Priyanka Gopal, Kristina Bannik, Gerhard Siemeister, Urs B. Hagemann, Mohamed E. Abazeed
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Targeted α-particle-emitting radionuclides have great potential for the treatment of a broad range of cancers at different stages of progression. A platform that accurately measures cancer cellular sensitivity to α-particle irradiation could guide and accelerate clinical translation. Here, we performed high-content profiling of cellular survival following exposure to α-particles emitted from radium-223 (223Ra) using 28 genetically diverse human tumor cell lines. Significant variation in cellular sensitivity across tumor cells was observed. 223Ra was significantly more potent than sparsely ionizing irradiation, with a median relative biological effectiveness of 10.4 (IQR: 8.4-14.3). Cells that are the most resistant to γ radiation, such as Nrf2 gain-of-function mutant cells, were sensitive to α-particles. Combining these profiling results with genetic features, we identified several somatic copy-number alterations, gene mutations, and the basal expression of gene sets that correlated with radiation survival. Activating mutations in PIK3CA, a frequent event in cancer, decreased sensitivity to 223Ra. The identification of cellular and genetic determinants of sensitivity to 223Ra may guide the clinical incorporation of targeted α-particle emitters in the treatment of several cancer types. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings address limitations in the preclinical guidance and prediction of radionuclide tumor sensitivity by identifying intrinsic cellular and genetic determinants of cancer cell survival following exposure to α-particle irradiation.See related commentary by Sgouros, p. 5479.
Unraveling the metabolome in prostate tumorigenesis: Effects by an oncogenic isopeptidase
Authors: C. Priolo, M. Loda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e16148 Background: Cancer cells undergo fundamental changes in their metabolism, including a higher rate of glycolysis and an increase in de novo fatty acid synthesis. The high incorporation of glucose into tumor cells has already been exploited in cancer diagnostics with the generation of the FDG-PET scan technology. However, some tumors including those arising in the prostate are less prone to FDG-PET imaging and could benefit from other imaging techniques based on alternative metabolic features. We asked whether prostate epithelial cell transformation driven by specific oncogenes results in a typical metabolic profiling, whose characterization may be useful to improve diagnostics and to address new therapeutics. Methods: Normal prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1 and PrEC) were transformed by overexpressing known oncogenes, such as the protein kinase AKT1 and the de-ubiquitinating enzyme (isopeptidase) USP2a. These cells were then subjected to mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, gene expression analysis, oxygen consumption and glucose uptake assays. Multiple bioinformatic tools were utilized for data mining and pathway visualization. Results: We integrated data from different high-throughput technologies to map metabolic changes induced during prostate tumorigenesis by genes that are often altered in prostate cancer. A different metabolic profiling was found in association to each specific oncogene. In fact, extremely significant alterations were found in the glycolytic pathways in the case of AKT-driven transformation, whereas changes in the lipid metabolism and in some aminoacids were prevalent in USP2a-overexpressing cells. Complementary assays including oxygen consumption and glucose uptake measurement confirmed the global metabolic analysis. Conclusions: These results suggest that tumors showing different genetic alterations may be characterized by a different metabolic profiling, whose assessment can potentially improve diagnostics and individualized treatment. Metabolic profiling analysis of human prostate tumors is currently ongoing. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Analysis of prognostic factors in patients with EBV positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the elderly
Authors: D. Morales, B. Beltran, F. Hurtado de Mendoza, L. Riva, P. Quiñones
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e19542 Background: EBV positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the elderly is a new entity included in the Fourth edition of WHO Classification. It usually affects elderly patients and has a poor survival. It believed to be related to immunesenescence. Aim: The goal of this study was to evaluate clinical characteristics and survival of EBV positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the elderly from Peruvian patients. Methods: Between January 2002 and June 2008, eleven patients with EBV positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the elderly were included in the analysis. All cases were positive to the presence of EBV encoded RNA (EBER) by CISH and CD20 and/or Pax-5 expression by immunohistochemistry.Clinical data were reviewed retrospectively and patient's biopsies were analyzed for the immunohistochemical expression of BCL6, CD10, CD30 and MUM-1/IRF4 by tissue microarray (TMA) technique.. The survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan - Meier method. Results: The mean age was 72 years old (range 34–85), only two patients had less than 70 years old. B symptoms occurred in 6/11 (54%); ECOG 0–2 ( n=3) and &gt;2 (n=8). Stage: I (n=1), II (n=1), III (n=5) and IV (n=4). The IPI risk score was: low (n=1), low intermediate (n=1), high intermediate (n=5) and high (n=4). Extranodal disease occurred in 6/11 (54%) patients: pleura (n=2), suprarenal gland (n=1), stomach (n=1), cecum (n=1), bone (1), skin (1) and bone marrow (n=1). One was HTLV-1 carrier. Ten cases (83%) were of the Non-GC and 1 case was GC. Three cases were CD30 positivity. Index Prognostic model (age/B symptoms) for this entity was: 0 factors (n=0), 1 factor (n=7) with median survival 9 months; and 2 factors (n=4) with median survival of 1.5 months. Six patients had not received chemotherapy because they had bad status performance and 5 received CHOP-21 regimen. Overall response was 40%. Complete response (n=2), partial response (n=0) and progressive disease (n=3). Median survival was 6.4 months. Only one patient had a long survival (42.5 months). Conclusions: EBV positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the elderly was related to high IPI, poor ECOG, frequent extranodal disease, poor response to treatment and very short survival. It is the first report of this entity in a non-Asian population. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 17261: Comparing SF-36 Scores versus Traditional and Novel Biomarkers to Predict Mortality in Primary Cardiac Prevention Patients
Authors: Rony Lahoud, Vasutakarn Chongthammakun, Danielle Brennan, Leslie Cho
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Risk stratification plays an important role in evaluating patients with no known cardiovascular disease (CVD). Few studies have investigated health-related quality of life questionnaires such as the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36 ® ) as predictive tools for mortality, particularly in direct comparison with biomarkers. Our objective is to measure the relative effectiveness of SF-36 ® scores in predicting mortality when compared to traditional and novel biomarkers in a primary prevention population. Methods: The study analyzed patient characteristics and all-cause mortality among 7056 consecutive patients evaluated for primary cardiac prevention in a cardiology clinic at Cleveland Clinic between January 1996 and April 2011. Patient characteristics included history and physical examination, SF-36 ® questionnaire and a laboratory panel consisting of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B, fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c, creatinine, homocysteine, lipoprotein(a), fibrinogen, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, uric acid and urine albumin:creatinine ratio. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Results: A low SF-36 ® physical score independently predicted a 6-fold increase in death at 8 years (above vs. below median Hazard Ratio [95% confidence interval] 5.99 [3.86-9.35], p&lt;0.001). In a univariate analysis, SF-36 ® physical score had a c-index of 0.75, which was superior to that of all the biomarkers. It also carried incremental predictive ability when added to non-laboratory risk factors (Net Reclassification Index = 45.4%), as well as Framingham risk score components (Net Reclassification Index = 59.4%). Biomarkers added no incremental predictive value to a non-laboratory risk factor model when combined to SF-36 physical score. Conclusions: The SF-36 ® physical score is a reliable predictor of mortality in patients without CVD, and outperformed most studied traditional and novel biomarkers. In an era of rising healthcare costs, the SF-36 ® questionnaire could be used as a simple and cost-effective predictor of mortality.
Body mass index (BMI) and its impact on quality of life (QOL) in childhood leukemia survivors.
Authors: Anne Hudson Blaes, Kevin Scott Baker, Jill Lunsford Lee, Catherine Moen, Daniel A. Mulrooney, Srilakshmi Vankina, Rachel Isaksson Vogel, Alicia Kunin-Batson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

9606 Background: Obesity after childhood cancer carries implications for survivors’ future health risks; however little is known about the impact of weight after treatment on QOL. Methods: Adult survivors of childhood leukemia in remission (51% male) completed the Health Related QOL Short Form (SF-36) between 2006-2012. Standard BMI cut points were assessed at the time of survey completion. 97% received treatment with chemotherapy, 55.6% stem cell transplant (SCT), 27.8% were in remission from a second cancer. The impact of demographic (age at diagnosis, current age, gender), treatment [radiation therapy, SCT, total body irradiation (TBI), cranial radiation, disease characteristics, history of relapse] were explored. For each subscale, linear regression models were performed. All statistical tests were two-sided, P-values &lt; 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: 73 survivors diagnosed at a median age of 9.0 (1.0-27.0) years and surveyed at a median of 17.4 (2.5-34.7) years later completed SF-36. 75.6% had received a median dose of 1800 (800-8750) cGy of radiation. The distribution of BMI was underweight &lt;18.5 (9.6%), normal 18.5-24.9 (42.5%), overweight 25-29.9 (27.4%), or obese &gt;30 (20.6%). Consistent with previous studies, those who received whole brain radiation had greater BMI at the time of survey than those who did not receive radiation and those who received TBI (F=2.52, p=0.065). In analyses adjusted for age at diagnosis and time since diagnosis, the reported vitality (fatigue) for those who were obese (mean 45.0+/-8.9) or underweight (45.8+/-9.5) was significantly lower (p=0.002) than normal (55.7+/-10.4) or overweight (50.4+/-10.0), and those who were underweight (39.0+/-13.3) also reported poor physical functioning (endurance and strength) (p=0.038) compared with the others (52.3+/-8.1 normal weight, 49.5+/-11.7 overweight, 47.1+/-9.0 obese). Conclusions: Weight management in leukemia survivors is problematic with 48% of our sample being overweight or obese. Weight status is associated with QOL, impacting survivors’ fatigue and physical functioning. Interventions to help survivors achieve a healthy weight after cancer treatment are needed, and may lead to improvements in QOL.
The burden of radiation therapy to the bone in patients with prostate cancer and bone metastases.
Authors: Gregory P. Hess, Arie Barlev, Jerrold W. Hill, Eileen Fonseca, Karen Chung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e16512 Background: Bone metastases (mets) occur in up to 80% of patients (pts) with advanced prostate cancer and are associated with considerable skeletal morbidity. Radiation therapy is often used to treat spinal cord compression, pathologic fractures, and pain associated with bone mets. However, the burden of radiation therapy, such as dosing, number of fractions, exposure period, and frequency has not been well described. We present the treatment patterns of radiation episodes of care (REOCs) in pts with bone mets secondary to prostate cancer. Methods: Claims-linked medical records at 98 US cancer centers in 16 states were analyzed. Key inclusion criteria included a diagnosis of prostate cancer and bone mets; ≥1 visit to a radiation center on or after bone met diagnosis date (study period: 1 Jul 2008 to 31 Dec 2009); and radiation therapy to ≥1 bone site. Pts with unknown age or REOCs including non-bone site radiation were excluded. Visits and procedures were stratified into radiation and radiation-related categories. Results: A total of 233 REOCs in 213 pts were analyzed. The mean (SD) age was 74 (8.4) years and the mean (SD) Charlson Comorbidity index was 6 (1.1). The mean (SD) number of visits for a REOC was 13 (5.8), over a mean (SD) of 30 (16.7) days (from planning visit to follow-up). 71.7% of REOC visits involved radiation therapy, with the remaining visits for radiation-related procedures (table). The mean (SD) number of fractions per REOC was 10 (4). Conclusions: Radiation to the bone is a well recognized treatment for management of bone mets. The use of multi-fraction schedules is common and is associated with substantial burden to pts and healthcare providers. [Table: see text]
Use of a vacuum sponge to expedite healing of a large peripancreatic collection
Authors: Kaveh Hajifathalian, Zaid H. Tafesh, Qais Dawod, Monica Saumoy, Tibor Krisko, David Carr-Locke, Reem Z. Sharaiha
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Infected pancreatic necrosis carries a poor prognosis, with high rates of morbidity and mortality [1]. Open surgical necrosectomy is associated with higher rates of major complications and death compared with minimally invasive approaches [2] such as transgastric endoscopic necrosectomy. When a transgastric approach does not provide complete access or drainage, the percutaneous endoscopic route offers an additional modality for larger collections [3]; however, treatment duration may be prolonged given the extent of necrosis, with patients requiring multiple imaging and necrosectomy sessions.
Comment on `The detection rate of human papillomavirus in well‐differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma: is there new evidence for a viral pathogenesis of keratoacanthoma?' ‐ reply from authors
Authors: C. Conforti, F. Paolini, A. Venuti, C. Dianzani, I. Zalaudek
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

Linked Articles:Taibjee et al.Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:1343–1345; Conforti et al.Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:1309–1311