tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incisional Negative Pressure Wound Therapy After Surgery for Major Trauma–Related Fractures
Authors: Pieter R. Zwanenburg, Allard S. Timmer, Marja A. Boermeester
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hodgkin Lymphoma, Version 2.2020, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology
Authors: Richard T. Hoppe, Ranjana H. Advani, Weiyun Z. Ai, Richard F. Ambinder, Philippe Armand, Celeste M. Bello, Cecil M. Benitez, Philip J. Bierman, Kirsten M. Boughan, Bouthaina Dabaja, Leo I. Gordon, Francisco J. Hernandez-Ilizaliturri, Alex F. Herrera, Ephraim P. Hochberg, Jiayi Huang, Patrick B. Johnston, Mark S. Kaminski, Vaishalee P. Kenkre, Nadia Khan, Ryan C. Lynch, Kami Maddocks, Jonathan McConathy, Matthew McKinney, Monika Metzger, David Morgan, Carolyn Mulroney, Rachel Rabinovitch, Karen C. Rosenspire, Stuart Seropian, Randa Tao, Jane N. Winter, Joachim Yahalom, Jennifer L. Burns, Ndiya Ogba
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2020)

The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology for Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) provide recommendations for the management of adult patients with HL. The NCCN panel meets at least annually to review comments from reviewers within their institutions, examine relevant data, and reevaluate and update their recommendations. Current management of classic HL involves initial treatment with chemotherapy alone or combined modality therapy followed by restaging with PET/CT to assess treatment response. Overall, the introduction of less toxic and more effective regimens has significantly advanced HL cure rates. This portion of the NCCN Guidelines focuses on the management of classic HL.
Evaluation of Availability of Survey Data About Cannabis Use
Authors: Kimberley H. Geissler, Kia Kaizer, Julie K. Johnson, Samantha M. Doonan, Jennifer M. Whitehill
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> In response to increasing public support for cannabis legalization, understanding associations of state and federal policy changes related to cannabis legalization with patterns of cannabis use is important. A challenge for public health monitoring and research is significant variation in data availability related to cannabis use behaviors and perceptions across and within states and over time, including the availability of prelegalization vs postlegalization data. <h3>Objective</h3> To review data available on cannabis use and related behaviors over time in Massachusetts and the US. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This case series examined state and national surveys on public health and related behaviors and outcomes to review availability of cannabis-related data for Massachusetts for 8 key indicators over time. Additionally, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System for all states were reviewed. The analysis was conducted between February 1, 2019, and March 18, 2020. <h3>Exposures</h3> Surveys that enable state-level estimation of cannabis use and related behaviors. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Eight key indicators related to cannabis use behaviors and perceptions: lifetime cannabis use, age of initiation, frequency of use, location of use, method of use, source of cannabis, perceptions of cannabis, and reason for use (ie, medical vs nonmedical). <h3>Results</h3> There were 7 surveys that monitored cannabis use and related behaviors in Massachusetts for adolescents and adults. No surveys monitored all 8 indicators of interest, and availability over time was limited. In the most recent BRFSS, 24 states asked cannabis-related questions, meaning BRFSS data on cannabis use was lacking for more than half of the US adult population. In the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, 36 states asked standard cannabis questions; most other states had at least 1 question related to cannabis use and frequency. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> These findings of limitations of existing surveys, and particularly the lack of national questions in the BRFSS and Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, suggest that available data have substantial limitations for monitoring cannabis use. As cannabis policy changes continue, there is a need to remain focused on the availability of high-quality data sources that allow for critical public health research.
Sisters can claim compensation after seeing father die from undiagnosed heart disease, says judge
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Two young sisters who were horrified when they saw their father collapse and die from a heart attack have been given the go ahead to claim compensation for psychiatric injuries from the NHS trust that failed to diagnose his coronary artery disease 14 months previously.

Saffron and Mya Paul’s claim was struck out by a High Court master, a procedural judge who deals with issues before trial, who ruled that it had no chance of success.

But a High Court judge has overturned that decision on appeal and allowed the claim to proceed. Mr Justice Chamberlain said several other cases had been put on hold pending the result of the sisters’ appeal.

The outcome could open the way for more claims against …
De-Escalation After DE-ESCALATE and RTOG 1016: A Head and Neck Cancer InterGroup Framework for Future De-Escalation Studies
Authors: Hisham Mehanna, Danny Rischin, Stuart J. Wong, Vincent Gregoire, Robert Ferris, John Waldron, Quynh-Thu Le, Martin Forster, Maura Gillison, Sarbani Laskar, Makoto Tahara, Amanda Psyrri, Jan Vermorken, Sandro Porceddu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is increasing rapidly. The younger age, significantly improved prognosis, and relative morbidity of the standard-of-care cisplatin and radiotherapy in this population have led to the popularization of the concept of treatment de-escalation. The recent results of the first 3 randomized de-escalation trials, however, have shown a clear detriment in survival when cisplatin is omitted or substituted. In view of these results, the Head and Neck Cancer International Group identified the need to issue guidance regarding future de-escalation studies for patients with HPV-positive head and neck cancer to avoid the possibility of patients being harmed. We review the current state of the literature regarding HPV de-escalation trials and present a framework and guidance on future and existing clinical trials for treatment de-escalation of HPV-positive OPC. De-escalation paradigms of HPV-positive OPC should be evaluated in phase II studies, and results should be awaited before proceeding to phase III studies. Implementation into clinical practice before high-level evidence is available should not be undertaken in this context. Finally, harm-minimization techniques should also be evaluated as an alternative to de-escalation of treatment in these patient groups.
Abstract B44: An optimized method of multimodal mRNA and gDNA isolation from low biomass input
Authors: Jens van de Flierdt, Markus Sprenger-Haussels, Michael Otte, Siegfried Hauch
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Background: In cell-based applications in liquid biopsy research (circulating tumor cells [CTC], fetal cells, endothelial cells), often transcriptomes get analyzed. Here and in single-cell research there is a requirement to also investigate genomic variants. Therefore, a multimodal sample preparation for both gDNA and RNA (preferably mRNA) is increasingly needed in the market. There are several combined RNA/DNA preparation solutions already available with the following caveats: Optimizing DNA yield and quality is often achieved under the compromise of accepting losses in RNA yield and/or quality or vice versa. This may be acceptable for larger sample inputs but is critical for low-biomass samples. The goal of this project, therefore, was to develop an optimized AllPrep solution for low-biomass samples that provides both highest mRNA and gDNA quality and yield without any compromises. Material and Methods: As starting material for the mRNA purification from low-biomass input samples, the AdnaTest EMT 2/StemCell Select/Detect procedure was used. The procedure has already been tested widely to get highest yields of mRNA from as few as 2 cells spiked into 5 mL of blood. Cells captured with immunomagnetic beads as provided in the AdnaTest CTC-Select procedure were lysed using the AdnaTest Lysis/Binding Buffer and mRNA was purified using Oligo(dT)25 beads. After mRNA depletion cell lysates still contained gDNA, which can be isolated using magnetic affinity binding beads in an optimized workflow. mRNA recovery was demonstrated by reverse transcription and subsequent endpoint PCR. gDNA was analyzed using PCR and pyrosequencing as downstream applications. Results: It has been shown that the optimized workflow combination allowed the isolation of mRNA and gDNA from as few as 5 tumor cells spiked into 5 mL of blood. Tumor cell-related gene expression profiles can be analyzed after reverse transcription of mRNA and multiplex PCR. In parallel, the recovered gDNA was successfully used in PCR assays as well as for detection of known gene variants by means of pyrosequencing. Furthermore, gel electrophoretic analysis of the gDNA eluates showed good gDNA integrity with mean molecular weight values of &amp;gt;60 kbp. Citation Format: Jens van de Flierdt, Markus Sprenger-Haussels, Michael Otte, Siegfried Hauch. An optimized method of multimodal mRNA and gDNA isolation from low biomass input [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Liquid Biopsies; Jan 13-16, 2020; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(11_Suppl):Abstract nr B44.
What has changed in the UK management of hidradenitis suppurativa from 2014 to 2019?
Authors: S.B. Hasan, J.R. Ingram
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

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Urinary Concentrations of Phthalate Metabolite Mixtures in Relation to Serum Biomarkers of Thyroid Function and Autoimmunity among Women from a Fertility Center
Authors: Irene Souter, Andrea Bellavia, Paige L. Williams, T.I.M. Korevaar, John D. Meeker, Joseph M. Braun, Ralph A. de Poortere, Maarten A. Broeren, Jennifer B. Ford, Antonia M. Calafat, Jorge E. Chavarro, Russ Hauser, Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2020)

Although previous epidemiological studies have explored associations of phthalate metabolites with thyroid function, no studies to date have assessed associations of mixtures with thyroid function and autoimmunity among potentially susceptible subgroups such as subfertile women. We aimed to explore associations of mixtures of urinary phthalate metabolites with serum markers of thyroid function and autoimmunity. This cross-sectional study included 558 women attending a fertility center who provided one spot urine and one blood sample at enrollment (2005-2015). We quantified urinary concentrations of eight phthalate metabolites using mass spectrometry, and biomarkers of thyroid function [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free and total thyroxine (fT4, TT4) and triiodothyronine (fT3, TT3), and autoimmunity [thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies (TPOAb and TgAb, respectively)] in serum using electrochemiluminescence assays. We applied principal component analysis (PCA) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to identify the main patterns of urinary phthalate metabolites. We used linear mixed models to assess the association between PCA-derived factor scores in quintiles and serum thyroid function and autoimmunity, adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), specific gravity (SG), and, for the PCA, other factor scores. We observed two factors using PCA, one representing the di(2-ethylhexyl) (DEHP) and another non-DEHP metabolites. Compared to women in the lowest quintile of the DEHP factor scores, women in the highest quintile had significantly lower serum concentrations of fT4, TT4, fT3, and TT3 [absolute difference: -0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.12, -0.01; p=0.04; absolute difference: -8.31; 95% CI: -13.8, -2.85; p=0.003; absolute difference: -0.37; 95% CI: 0.54, -0.19; p<0.0001; and absolute difference: -0.21; 95% CI: -0.32, -0.10; p=0.003, respectively]. Using BKMR, we observed that mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) was the primary contributor to these negative associations. DEHP and non-DEHP factor scores were not associated with serum TSH, TgAb, or TPOAb. Mixtures of urinary DEHP metabolites were inversely associated with serum biomarkers of thyroid function but not with autoimmunity, which were within normal ranges for healthy adult women. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6740.
Molecular mechanisms of coronary disease revealed using quantitative trait loci for TCF21 binding, chromatin accessibility, and chromosomal looping
Authors: Quanyi Zhao, Michael Dacre, Trieu Nguyen, Milos Pjanic, Boxiang Liu, Dharini Iyer, Paul Cheng, Robert Wirka, Juyong Brian Kim, Hunter B. Fraser, Thomas Quertermous
Journal: Genome biology (2020)

Abstract Background To investigate the epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk, as well as the functional regulation of chromatin structure and function, we create a catalog of genetic variants associated with three stages of transcriptional cis -regulation in primary human coronary artery vascular smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs). Results We use a pooling approach with HCASMC lines to map regulatory variants that mediate binding of the CAD-associated transcription factor TCF21 with ChIPseq studies (bQTLs), variants that regulate chromatin accessibility with ATACseq studies (caQTLs), and chromosomal looping with Hi-C methods (clQTLs). We examine the overlap of these QTLs and their relationship to smooth muscle-specific genes and transcription factors. Further, we use multiple analyses to show that these QTLs are highly associated with CAD GWAS loci and correlate to lead SNPs where they show allelic effects. By utilizing genome editing, we verify that identified functional variants can regulate both chromatin accessibility and chromosomal looping, providing new insights into functional mechanisms regulating chromatin state and chromosomal structure. Finally, we directly link the disease-associated TGFB1-SMAD3 pathway to the CAD-associated FN1 gene through a response QTL that modulates both chromatin accessibility and chromosomal looping. Conclusions Together, these studies represent the most thorough mapping of multiple QTL types in a highly disease-relevant primary cultured cell type and provide novel insights into their functional overlap and mechanisms that underlie these genomic features and their relationship to disease risk.
Safely restarting GI endoscopy in the era of COVID-19
Authors: Bu'Hussain Hayee, Mo Thoufeeq, Colin J Rees, Ian Penman, James East
Journal: Gut (2020)

<h3>Background:</h3> The factors that influence liver fibrosis progression in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV) are not completely understood. It is not known if insulin resistance (IR), a condition that promotes liver fibrosis in HCV mono-infected individuals, is one of these factors. <h3>Objective:</h3> To evaluate the association between IR and liver stiffness (LS). <h3>Design:</h3> Multicentre cross-sectional study. <h3>Patients:</h3> 330 patients co-infected with HIV/HCV. <h3>Methods:</h3> LS was assessed by transient elastography, which has shown a high accuracy to predict significant fibrosis in patients co-infected with HIV/HCV. The outcome variable of the study was LS. Patients with LS⩾9 kPa were considered as having significant fibrosis. IR was calculated using the HOMA method. <h3>Results:</h3> LS was ⩾9 kPa in 150 (45%) patients. HOMA correlated with LS (Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient, 0.37; p&lt;0.0001). The median (Q1–Q3) HOMA in patients with LS⩾9 kPa was 3.30 (2.17–5.16) while it was 2.09 (1.37–3.22) in patients with LS &lt;9 kPa (p&lt;0.0001). Ninety-six (39%) individuals with a HOMA &lt;4 and 54 (63%) with a HOMA ⩾4 showed LS⩾9 kPa (p&lt;0.0001). Analyses after excluding patients with cirrhosis yielded similar results. After multivariate analyses, age ⩾40 years (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 1.85; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03 to 3.29; p = 0.03), CD4 cell count &lt;200 cells/ml (AOR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.67 to 7.11; p = 0.001), hepatitis B virus co-infection (AOR, 9.25; 95% CI, 2.42 to 35.31; p = 0.001), and HOMA ⩾4 (AOR, 5.33; 95% CI, 2.70 to 10.49; p&lt;0.0001) were the independent predictors of LS⩾9 kPa. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> IR is associated with LS in patients co-infected with HIV/HCV.
CD31 (PECAM-1) Serves as the Endothelial Cell-Specific Receptor of Clostridium perfringens β-Toxin
Authors: Julia Bruggisser, Basma Tarek, Marianne Wyder, Philipp Müller, Christoph von Ballmoos, Guillaume Witz, Gaby Enzmann, Urban Deutsch, Britta Engelhardt, Horst Posthaus
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2020)
OP0265-HPR FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MEETING WORK DEMANDS FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASES
Authors: D. Connolly, C. Fitzpatrick, L. O’toole, F. O’shea, M. Doran
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: Almost 65% of individuals with rheumatic diseases have severe fatigue with the majority of these reporting difficulties in work leading to absenteeism and early retirement. However, there is a lack of research investigating how different types of fatigue impact on work ability. Objectives: To identify the prevalence of different types of fatigue and explore the association between different types of fatigue and various demands involved in work Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 234 individuals with rheumatic diseases currently in employment. Study measures examined demographics, different types of fatigue (general, physical reduced activity, reduced motivation and mental), ability to meet work demands, disease activity and quality of life. Results: The majority of participants were female (70%), had rheumatoid arthritis (42.7%), were between 41-50 years (30.3%) and worked full-time (70%). One hundred and twenty-eight participants (55%) had severe fatigue. Physical fatigue was the most prevalent category of fatigue (Table 1). Participants reported managing 50% of their work demands with physical demands being the most challenging (Table 1). All types of fatigue were significantly associated with the total WRF score (Table 2). Mental fatigue had the strongest association with the total WRF score (r=0.53, p&lt;0.001). On examining the impact of different types of fatigue on meeting work demands, mental fatigue was the most significant predictor of difficulty meeting work demands (β =1.6, SE=0.37, p&lt;0.001) Table 1. MFI and WRF total and category scores WRF n=212 Total mean (SD ) Work Scheduling Demands mean (SD ) Output demands mean (SD ) Physical Demands mean (SD ) Mental Demands mean (SD ) Social Demands mean (SD ) 50.3% (19.0) 44.6% (25.8) 52.9% (22.1) 43.3% (27.9) 53.4% (22.5) 62.4% (17.7) MFI n=220 Total mean (SD ) Physical fatigue mean (SD ) Reduced activity mean (SD ) Reduced motivation mean (SD ) Mental fatigue mean (SD ) 13.4 (2.8) 12.5 (4.3) 10.1 (4.2) 10.2 (3.5) 10.3 (4.2) Table 2. Correlations for WRF and MFI fatigue categories MFI Category Correlations with total WRF p-values General fatigue .53 &lt;0.001 Mental fatigue .57 &lt;0.001 Physical fatigue .48 &lt;0.001 Reduced motivation .48 &lt;0.001 Reduced activity levels .41 &lt;0.001 Conclusion: Fatigue interferes with many aspects of work performance. However, this study identifies that mental fatigue is the greatest predictor of difficulty in managing work. Self-management interventions focusing on mental fatigue and work ability are required for individuals with rheumatic diseases to manage the demands of their work. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Pathogenic Germline Mutations in DNA Repair Genes in Combination With Cancer Treatment Exposures and Risk of Subsequent Neoplasms Among Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Na Qin, Zhaoming Wang, Qi Liu, Nan Song, Carmen L. Wilson, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Kyla Shelton, John Easton, Heather Mulder, Dennis Kennetz, Michael N. Edmonson, Michael C. Rusch, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Kim E. Nichols, Jinghui Zhang, Leslie L. Robison, Yutaka Yasui
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

PURPOSE To investigate cancer treatment plus pathogenic germline mutations (PGMs) in DNA repair genes (DRGs) for identification of childhood cancer survivors at increased risk of subsequent neoplasms (SNs). METHODS Whole-genome sequencing was performed on blood-derived DNA from survivors in the St Jude Lifetime Cohort. PGMs were evaluated in 127 genes from 6 major DNA repair pathways. Cumulative doses of chemotherapy and body region–specific radiotherapy (RT) were abstracted from medical records. Relative rates (RRs) and 95% CIs of SNs by mutation status were estimated using multivariable piecewise exponential models. RESULTS Of 4,402 survivors, 495 (11.2%) developed 1,269 SNs. We identified 538 PGMs in 98 DRGs ( POLG, MUTYH, ERCC2, and BRCA2, among others) in 508 (11.5%) survivors. Mutations in homologous recombination (HR) genes were significantly associated with an increased rate of subsequent female breast cancer (RR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.8 to 7.7), especially among survivors with chest RT ≥ 20 Gy (RR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.6 to 12.4), or with a cumulative dose of anthracyclines in the second or third tertile (RR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.7 to 11.4). Mutations in HR genes were also associated with an increased rate of subsequent sarcoma among those who received alkylating agent doses in the third tertile (RR, 14.9; 95% CI, 4.0 to 38.0). Mutations in nucleotide excision repair genes were associated with subsequent thyroid cancer for those treated with neck RT ≥ 30 Gy (RR, 12.9; 95% CI, 1.6 to 46.6) with marginal statistical significance. CONCLUSION Our study provides novel insights regarding the contribution of genetics, in combination with known treatment-related risks, for the development of SNs. These findings have the potential to facilitate identification of high-risk survivors who may benefit from genetic counseling and/or testing of DRGs, which may further inform personalized cancer surveillance and prevention strategies.