tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 18843: Confounding Effects of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction on the Impact of Pulmonary Regurgitation on Right Ventricular Size and Function in Patients After Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Mateusz Spiewak, Elzbieta K Biernacka, Lukasz A Malek, Jolanta Misko, Joanna Petryka, Miroslaw Kowalski, Barbara Milosz, Magdalena Zabicka, Witold Ruzyllo
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: In animal studies, it was demonstrated that combined pulmonary regurgitation (PR) + right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction (RVOTO) may act as a potential protective factor...
Screening for ryanodine receptor type 2 mutations in families with effort-induced polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death
Authors: Barbara Bauce, Alessandra Rampazzo, Cristina Basso, Alessia Bagattin, Luciano Daliento, Natascia Tiso, Pietro Turrini, Gaetano Thiene, Gian Antonio Danieli, Andrea Nava
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Integrating Surgical Skills Assessment Into Quality and Safety Measures
Authors: Elizabeth M. Lancaster, Elizabeth Wick
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
U.S. Food and Drug Administration: Initial Experience with the Real-Time Oncology Review Program
Authors: R. Angelo de Claro, Jennifer J. Gao, Tamy Kim, Paul G. Kluetz, Marc R. Theoret, Julia A. Beaver, Richard Pazdur
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

The FDA Oncology Center of Excellence commenced the Real-Time Oncology Review (RTOR) pilot project in February 2018 to facilitate earlier submission of topline results and datasets to support an earlier start to the FDA application review. RTOR was initially begun to support supplemental drug applications to add new indications, dosing regimens, or other clinical information to the prescribing information, but was later expanded to include original new drug applications and biological license applications for new molecular entities (NME). From February 2018 to April 2020, RTOR was used to support the submission and review of drug approvals for 20 oncology applications (11 for solid tumor and nine for hematologic malignancy indications). Two were NME drug approvals and 18 were supplemental approvals. All of the applications received priority review and nine (45%) applications had received breakthrough therapy designation status. FDA received the RTOR submissions a median of 5.7 weeks (range 1.7-16.2 weeks) prior to the full application submission. The median time from application submission to FDA approval was 3.3 months (range 0.4-5.9 months). RTOR was also integrated with other review programs including the Assessment Aid and Project Orbis programs. Innovative regulatory processes are critical to expedite the rigorous review of impactful products across the FDA.
Prince Charles delayed regulation of herbal medicines
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The Prince of Wales won influence over Prime Minister Tony Blair and delayed the introduction of regulations governing the sale of herbal medicines, letters between the heir to the throne and government ministers have revealed.

The prince wrote to the then prime minister in February 2005 about the European Union’s Directive on Herbal Medicines, claiming that it was having “a deleterious effect on complementary medicine sector in this country by effectively outlawing the use of certain herbal extracts.”

The 27 letters were released on 13 May after orders from the Supreme Court in response to a freedom of information request submitted by the Guardian newspaper 10 years ago.

The EU directive was passed in 2004 after concerns over several …
In vitro effects of 13-cis retinoic acid (CRA) and Interferon Alpha (IFN) with or without radiation (XRT) on prostate tumor cells (LNCAP), normal human rectal cells (CO-18) and normal human lung fibroblast (IMR-91) cells
Authors: Colin K. Hill, Parvesh Kumar
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

4760  Over expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as bcl-2 is considered a major cause of resistance to radiation treatment and recurrance in prostate cancer patients treated with radiation therapy ( RT) To determine whether CRA/IFN could down regulate bcl-2 expression, induce apoptosis and hence increase cell death and reduce resistance to radiation, we conducted experiments in LNCAP Tumor, and Normal human Co-18 and IMR-91 cell lines. We chose Co-18 because the rectum is the radiation dose limiting structure in prostate cancer patients treated with RT. We used the folowing methods: LNCAP, Co-18 and IMR-91 cells were treated with CRA ( 200 nmloar) and IFN (100U/mL) for 48 hours. bcl-2 expression and apoptosis were then determined at various time points after removal of the drugs (0,12,24,48, and 96 hours). For bcl-2 analysis, cells were washed then scraped from the flasks in a small amount of RIPA buffer. They were then sonicated in the RIPA buffer and centrifuged. The bcl-2 protein content was determined by Western blot analyis of the supernatant. To determine the percent of apoptotsis, cells in multiwell dishes were washed and fixed in paraformaldehyde, and then digested and stained using a Roche Chemicals fluorescent apoptosis kit. The number of fluorescing cells versus the total number of cells were counted in 3 wells using 3 microscope fields per well to determine percent apopotosis. Cells were also treated with Co 60 gamma rays ( 400cgy) after CRA/IFN exposure. Results. In LNCAP cells, CRA/IFN reduced bcl-2 overexpression and increased apoptosis ( 70%) at 48 hours after drugs were removed. In co-18 and IMR-91 cells, CRA/IFN marginally decreased bcl-2 expression with no induction of apoptosis. After CRA/IFN exposure and treatment with radiation, the level of apoptosis in Co-18 and IMR-91 was 22% and 0% respectively at 48 hours. We conclude that CRA/IFN selectively reduces bcl-2 expression and induces apoptosis in LNCAP tumor cells as compared to normal Co-18 and IMR-91 cells the induction of apotosis is significantly less in Co-18 and IMR-91 cells treated with CRA/IFN and radiation than in LNCAP cells treated with CRA/IFN alone. Experiments are in progress to further examine the interplay of radiation treatment with CRA/IFN in the LNCAP tumor cells. Our findings to- date provide a therapeutic rationale for clinically evaluating CRA/IFN with RT in prostate cancer.
Study shows interventionist nature of British obstetrics
Authors: I. G Jones
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—The high rate of antepartum and intrapartum transfer of women from the midwives unit to the labour ward (1030 out of 1900) requires further explanation than V A Hundley and colleagues give in their discussion of the trials of the midwives unit in Aberdeen.1 Table V shows that there were only 374 medical interventions during delivery if one assumes that all the caesarean sections and forceps and …
18F-Florbetapir PET in Primary Cerebral Amyloidoma
Authors: Frederik Soffers, Sarah Ceyssens, Wendi Buffet, Didier de Surgeloose, Roeland Crols
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract Amyloid deposition can lead to Alzheimer disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Rarely, it presents as a solitary focal deposition, primary cerebral amyloidoma, which can be misinterpreted as a neoplasm because of the “tumor-like” appearances. We present the case of a 54-year-old woman where MRI revealed a T2-hyperintense mass periventricular in the white matter with moderate contrast enhancement. Pathological investigation revealed AL (lambda) amyloidoma. 18 F-florbetapir PET/CT was used to support the diagnosis and in follow-up. This case highlights that 18 F-florbetapir PET/CT might play a role in the diagnostic workup of patients suggestive of cerebral amyloidoma, especially in cases where biopsy is not feasible.
Atypical Femur Fracture Risk versus Fragility Fracture Prevention with Bisphosphonates
Authors: Dennis M. Black, Erik J. Geiger, Richard Eastell, Eric Vittinghoff, Bonnie H. Li, Denison S. Ryan, Richard M. Dell, Annette L. Adams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Bisphosphonates are effective in reducing hip and osteoporotic fractures. However, concerns about atypical femur fractures have contributed to substantially decreased bisphosphonate use, and the incidence of hip fractures may be increasing. Important uncertainties remain regarding the association between atypical femur fractures and bisphosphonates and other risk factors.We studied women 50 years of age or older who were receiving bisphosphonates and who were enrolled in the Kaiser Permanente Southern California health care system; women were followed from January 1, 2007, to November 30, 2017. The primary outcome was atypical femur fracture. Data on risk factors, including bisphosphonate use, were obtained from electronic health records. Fractures were radiographically adjudicated. Multivariable Cox models were used. The risk-benefit profile was modeled for 1 to 10 years of bisphosphonate use to compare associated atypical fractures with other fractures prevented.Among 196,129 women, 277 atypical femur fractures occurred. After multivariable adjustment, the risk of atypical fracture increased with longer duration of bisphosphonate use: the hazard ratio as compared with less than 3 months increased from 8.86 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.79 to 28.20) for 3 years to less than 5 years to 43.51 (95% CI, 13.70 to 138.15) for 8 years or more. Other risk factors included race (hazard ratio for Asians vs. Whites, 4.84; 95% CI, 3.57 to 6.56), height, weight, and glucocorticoid use. Bisphosphonate discontinuation was associated with a rapid decrease in the risk of atypical fracture. Decreases in the risk of osteoporotic and hip fractures during 1 to 10 years of bisphosphonate use far outweighed the increased risk of atypical fracture among Whites but less so among Asians. After 3 years, 149 hip fractures were prevented and 2 bisphosphonate-associated atypical fractures occurred in Whites, as compared with 91 and 8, respectively, in Asians.The risk of atypical femur fracture increased with longer duration of bisphosphonate use and rapidly decreased after bisphosphonate discontinuation. Asians had a higher risk than Whites. The absolute risk of atypical femur fracture remained very low as compared with reductions in the risk of hip and other fractures with bisphosphonate treatment. (Funded by Kaiser Permanente and others.).
Preterm delivery and long term mortality in women: national cohort and co-sibling study
Authors: Casey Crump, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Abstract Objectives To examine the long term mortality associated with preterm delivery in a large population based cohort of women, and to assess for potential confounding by shared familial factors. Design National cohort study. Setting Sweden. Participants All 2 189 477 women with a singleton delivery in 1973-2015. Main outcome measures All cause and cause specific mortality up to 2016, identified from nationwide death records. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios while adjusting for confounders, and co-sibling analyses assessed the potential influence of unmeasured shared familial (genetic and environmental) factors. Results In 50.7 million person years of follow-up, 76 535 (3.5%) women died (median age at death was 57.6). In the 10 years after delivery, the adjusted hazard ratio for all cause mortality associated with preterm delivery (&lt;37 weeks) was 1.73 (95% confidence interval 1.61 to 1.87), and when further stratified was 2.20 (1.63 to 2.96) for extremely preterm delivery (22-27 weeks), 2.28 (2.01 to 2.58) for very preterm delivery (28-33 weeks), 1.52 (1.39 to 1.67) for late preterm delivery (34-36 weeks), and 1.19 (1.12 to 1.27) for early term delivery (37-38 weeks) compared with full term delivery (39-41 weeks). These risks declined but remained significantly raised after longer follow-up times: for preterm versus full term births, 10-19 years after delivery, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.45 (95% confidence interval 1.37 to 1.53); 20-44 years after delivery, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.37 (1.33 to 1.41). These findings did not seem to be attributable to shared genetic or environmental factors within families. Several causes were identified, including cardiovascular and respiratory disorders, diabetes, and cancer. Conclusions In this large national cohort of women, the findings suggested that preterm and early term delivery were independent risk factors for premature mortality from several major causes. These associations declined over time but remained raised up to 40 years later.
Conversion of individuals at risk for spinocerebellar ataxia types 1, 2, 3, and 6 to manifest ataxia (RISCA): a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Heike Jacobi, Sophie Tezenas du Montcel, Sandro Romanzetti, Florian Harmuth, Caterina Mariotti, Lorenzo Nanetti, Maria Rakowicz, Grzegorz Makowicz, Alexandra Durr, Marie-Lorraine Monin, Alessandro Filla, Alessandro Roca, Ludger Schöls, Holger Hengel, Jon Infante, Jun-Suk Kang, Dagmar Timmann, Carlo Casali, Marcella Masciullo, Laszlo Baliko, Bela Melegh, Wolfgang Nachbauer, Katrin Bürk-Gergs, Jörg B Schulz, Olaf Riess, Kathrin Reetz, Thomas Klockgether
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2020)
Residential green space and child intelligence and behavior across urban, suburban, and rural areas in Belgium: A longitudinal birth cohort study of twins
Authors: Esmée M. Bijnens, Catherine Derom, Evert Thiery, Steven Weyers, Tim S. Nawrot
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2020)

Exposure to green space has beneficial effects on several cognitive and behavioral aspects. However, to our knowledge, no study addressed intelligence as outcome. We investigated whether the level of urbanicity can modify the association of residential green space with intelligence and behavior in children.
Efficacy and safety of sildenafil added to pirfenidone in patients with advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and risk of pulmonary hypertension: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial
Authors: Jürgen Behr, Steven D Nathan, Wim A Wuyts, Nesrin Mogulkoc Bishop, Demosthenes E Bouros, Katerina Antoniou, Julien Guiot, Mordechai R Kramer, Klaus-Uwe Kirchgaessler, Monica Bengus, Frank Gilberg, Andras Perjesi, Sergio Harari, Athol U Wells
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2020)
Incidental Metastatic Melanoma Identified on 18F-FDOPA PET/CT With Confirmation by Histology
Authors: Jules Zhang-Yin, Christel Jublanc, Iman Aouidad, Françoise Montravers, Jean-Noël Talbot
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract A 47-year-old woman with a history of surgically treated abdominal paraganglioma and left thigh melanoma underwent an 18 F-FDOPA PET/CT for suspected locoregional recurrence of paraganglioma. 18 F-FDOPA PET/CT disconfirmed this recurrence but revealed 2 FDOPA-avid left inguinal lymph nodes, confirmed on a subsequent 18 F-FDG PET/CT. Excision and pathology characterized these lymph nodes as melanoma metastases. 18 F-FDOPA PET/CT is a widely used and valuable tool in the assessment of paraganglioma, both for staging and recurrence detection. Uptake of FDOPA has only rarely been documented in metastatic melanoma that could be a pitfall for detecting neuroendocrine tumors.
Pandemics past and dystopian futures
Authors: Margaret McCartney
Journal: The Lancet (2020)

My children, when small, asked me, variously: "tell me a story not in a book"; "tell me a story from your mouth". The youngest now asks instead: "tell me a dystopian future". Last year, this amused me. I could tell tall tales, weird and bad. Now, I am not sure where to start, and I am certainly not sure where to end. This is still our world, but we queue compliantly in supermarkets at 2 m intervals; we shout to our older relatives as we drop off food from the end of the garden path, walking away as we do, and we need to find a face mask before going into a shop or onto a train.
Efficacy and Tolerability of High- versus Low-dose Lenalidomide Maintenance Therapy of Multiple Myeloma after Autologous Blood Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Roland Fenk, Aristoteles Giagounidis, Hartmut Goldschmidt, Michael Heinsch, Mathias Rummel, Nicolaus Kroger, Amelie Boquoi, David Lopez, Celina Gerrlich, Julia Baier, Svenja Liesenjohann, Katarzyna Hauck, Ingrida Savickaite, Elias K. Mai, Carlo Aul, Judith Strapatsas, Ariane Dienst, Mustafa Kondakci, Rainer Haas, Guido Kobbe
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

For multiple myeloma, high-dose chemotherapy and autologous blood stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) followed by lenalidomide maintenance (LenMT) at 10-15 mg/day is considered standard of care. However, dose reductions due to side effects are common and median LenMT doses achieved over time may remain lower. Dose response during LenMT has never been investigated.In a multicenter, randomized, open-label trial, patients with multiple myeloma after ASCT and high-dose lenalidomide consolidation therapy (CT) at 25 mg/day were randomized to receive LenMT at either 25 or 5 mg/day. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS).Ninety-four patients (median age, 58 years) were randomized to either arm, with 22% having International Staging System (ISS) stage 3 and 22% being in complete remission (CR). After median follow-up of 46.7 months, median doses of 14.5 and 5 mg/day were achieved in the two arms; 53% of dose reductions occurring during CT. In the high- and the low-dose arm, median PFS was 44.8 and 33.0 months (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.44-0.97; P = 0.032), 36% and 23% of patients had stringent CR as best response (P = 0.08), and 4-year OS was 79% and 67% (P = 0.16), respectively. Hematologic toxicity, grade ≥3 neutropenia, and infections were initially more common with LenMT 25 mg, but decreased after dose adjustments. SPM incidence and quality-of-life (QoL) scores in both arms were similar.LenMT dose correlated with efficacy and toxicity. High rates of dose reductions during CT argue against a high starting dose. However, continuous up- and down-titration for each patient to the current maximum tolerated dose is prudent.
Antituberculosis BCG vaccination: more reasons for varying innate and adaptive immune responses
Authors: S. Prentice, H.M. Dockrell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination induces variable protection against pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), and a more effective TB vaccine is needed. The potential for BCG to provide protection against heterologous infections, by induction of innate immune memory, is increasingly recognized. These nonspecific responses may substantially benefit public health, but are also variable. In this issue of the JCI, Koeken and de Bree et al. report that BCG reduces circulating inflammatory markers in males but not in females, while de Bree and Mouritis et al. describe how diurnal rhythms affect the degree of BCG-induced innate memory. These studies further delineate factors that influence the magnitude of responses to BCG and may be crucial to harnessing its potential benefits.
Sunitinib malate-loaded biodegradable microspheres for the prevention of corneal neovascularization in rats
Authors: Jin Yang, Lixia Luo, Yumin Oh, Tuo Meng, Guihong Chai, Shiyu Xia, David Emmert, Bing Wang, Charles G. Eberhart, Seulki Lee, Walter J. Stark, Laura M. Ensign, Justin Hanes, Qingguo Xu
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2020)
Association of 11q loss, trisomy 12 and possible 16q loss with loss of imprinting of insulin-like growth factor-II in Wilms’ tumor
Authors: Naoki Watanabe, Hisaya Nakadate, Masayuki Haruta, Waka Sugawara, Fumiaki Sasaki, Yukiko Tsunematsu, Atsushi Kikuta, Masahiro Fukuzawa, Hajime Okita, Jun-Ichi Hata, Hidenobu Soejima, Yasuhiko Kaneko
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

4520  We evaluated the WT1 and IGF2 status and performed chromosome and/or comparative genomic hybridization analysis in 44 Wilms’ tumors, and classified them into 4 groups; WT1 abnormality, loss of heterozygosity of IGF2, loss of imprinting (LOI) of IGF2, and retention of imprinting of IGF2 were seen in 18%, 27%, 16%, and 39% of the tumors, respectively. Patients in the LOI group were older than those in other groups (P
Ambient Temperature is A Strong Selective Factor Influencing Human Development and Immunity
Authors: Lindan Ji, Dongdong Wu, Haibing Xie, Binbin Yao, Yanming Chen, David M. Irwin, Dan Huang, Jin Xu, Nelson L.S. Tang, Yaping Zhang
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2020)

Abstract Solar energy, which is essential for the origin and evolution of all life forms on Earth, can be objectively recorded through attributes such as climatic ambient temperature (CAT), ultraviolet radiation (UVR), and sunlight duration (SD). These attributes have specific geographical variations and may cause different adaptation traits. However, the adaptation profile of each attribute and the selective role of solar energy as a whole during human evolution remain elusive. Here, we performed a genome-wide adaptation study with respect to CAT, UVR, and SD using the Human Genome Diversity Project-Centre Etude Polymorphism Humain (HGDP-CEPH) panel data. We singled out CAT as the most important driving force with the highest number of adaptive loci (6 SNPs at the genome-wide 1 × 10−7 level; 401 at the suggestive 1 × 10−5 level). Five of the six genome-wide significant adaptation SNPs were successfully replicated in an independent Chinese population (N = 1395). The corresponding 316 CAT adaptation genes were mostly involved in development and immunity. In addition, 265 (84%) genes were related to at least one genome-wide association study (GWAS)-mapped human trait, being significantly enriched in anthropometric loci such as those associated with body mass index (χ2; P &amp;lt; 0.005), immunity, metabolic syndrome, and cancer (χ2; P &amp;lt; 0.05). For these adaptive SNPs, balancing selection was evident in Euro-Asians, whereas obvious positive and/or purifying selection was observed in Africans. Taken together, our study indicates that CAT is the most important attribute of solar energy that has driven genetic adaptation in development and immunity among global human populations. It also supports the non-neutral hypothesis for the origin of disease-predisposition alleles in common diseases.