tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Outbreaks Associated with Untreated Recreational Water — California, Maine, and Minnesota, 2018–2019
Authors: Kayla L. Vanden Esschert, Mia C. Mattioli, Elizabeth D. Hilborn, Virginia A. Roberts, Alexander T. Yu, Katherine Lamba, Gena Arzaga, Matthew Zahn, Zachary Marsh, Stephen M. Combes, Emer S. Smith, Trisha J. Robinson, Stephanie R. Gretsch, Joseph P. Laco, Mary E. Wikswo, Allison D. Miller, Danielle M. Tack, Timothy J. Wade, Michele C. Hlavsa
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

Outbreaks associated with fresh or marine (i.e., untreated) recreational water can be caused by pathogens or chemicals, including toxins. Voluntary reporting of these outbreaks to CDC's National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS) began in 2009. NORS data for 2009-2017 are finalized, and data for 2018-2019 are provisional. During 2009-2019 (as of May 13, 2020), public health officials from 31 states voluntarily reported 119 untreated recreational water-associated outbreaks, resulting at least 5,240 cases; 103 of the outbreaks (87%) started during June-August. Among the 119 outbreaks, 88 (74%) had confirmed etiologies. The leading etiologies were enteric pathogens: norovirus (19 [22%] outbreaks; 1,858 cases); Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) (19 [22%]; 240), Cryptosporidium (17 [19%]; 237), and Shigella (14 [16%]; 713). This report highlights three examples of outbreaks that occurred during 2018-2019, were caused by leading etiologies (Shigella, norovirus, or STEC), and demonstrate the wide geographic distribution of such outbreaks across the United States. Detection and investigation of untreated recreational water-associated outbreaks are challenging, and the sources of these outbreaks often are not identified. Tools for controlling and preventing transmission of enteric pathogens through untreated recreational water include epidemiologic investigations, regular monitoring of water quality (i.e., testing for fecal indicator bacteria), microbial source tracking, and health policy and communications (e.g., observing beach closure signs and not swimming while ill with diarrhea).
The EUTOS long-term survival (ELTS) score is superior to the Sokal score for predicting survival in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Markus Pfirrmann, Richard E. Clark, Witold Prejzner, Michael Lauseker, Michele Baccarani, Susanne Saussele, François Guilhot, Sonja Heibl, Rüdiger Hehlmann, Edgar Faber, Anna Turkina, Gert Ossenkoppele, Martin Höglund, Andrey Zaritskey, Laimonas Griskevicius, Ulla Olsson-Strömberg, Hele Everaus, Perttu Koskenvesa, Boris Labar, Tomasz Sacha, Daniela Zackova, Francisco Cervantes, Adriana Colita, Irena Zupan, Andrija Bogdanovic, Fausto Castagnetti, Joëlle Guilhot, Joerg Hasford, Andreas Hochhaus, Verena S. Hoffmann
Journal: Leukemia (2020)

Abstract Prognostic scores support clinicians in selecting risk-adjusted treatments and in comparatively assessing different results. For patients with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), four baseline prognostic scores are commonly used. Our aim was to compare the prognostic performance of the scores and to arrive at an evidence-based score recommendation. In 2949 patients not involved in any score development, higher hazard ratios and concordance indices in any comparison demonstrated the best discrimination of long-term survival with the ELTS score. In a second step, of 5154 patients analyzed to investigate risk group classification differences, 23% ( n = 1197) were allocated to high-risk by the Sokal score. Of the 1197 Sokal high-risk patients, 56% were non-high-risk according to the ELTS score and had a significantly more favorable long-term survival prognosis than the 526 high-risk patients according to both scores. The Sokal score identified too many patients as high-risk and relatively few (40%) as low-risk (versus 60% with the ELTS score). Inappropriate risk classification jeopardizes optimal treatment selection. The ELTS score outperformed the Sokal score, the Euro, and the EUTOS score regarding risk group discrimination. The recent recommendation of the European LeukemiaNet for preferred use of the ELTS score was supported with significant statistical evidence.
Plasmodium falciparum sexual parasites develop in human erythroblasts and affect erythropoiesis
Authors: Gaëlle Neveu, Cyrielle Richard, Florian Dupuy, Prativa Behera, Fiona Volpe, Pradeep Annamalai Subramani, Benjamin Marcel-Zerrougui, Patrice Vallin, Muriel Andrieu, Aruna Mukti Minz, Nabih Azar, Rafael M. Martins, Audrey Lorthiois, Florence Gazeau, José-Juan Lopez-Rubio, Dominique Mazier, Amanda K. A. Silva, Sanghamitra Satpathi, Samuel C. Wassmer, Frédérique Verdier, Catherine Lavazec
Journal: Blood (2020)
Human Tumor-Infiltrating MAIT Cells Display Hallmarks of Bacterial Antigen Recognition in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Shamin Li, Yannick Simoni, Etienne Becht, Chiew Yee Loh, Naisi Li, Daniel Lachance, Si-Lin Koo, Teck Por Lim, Emile Kwong Wei Tan, Ronnie Mathew, Andrew Nguyen, Justin Golovato, Julia D. Berkson, Martin Prlic, Bernett Lee, Samuel S. Minot, Niranjan Nagarajan, Neelendu Dey, Daniel S.W. Tan, Iain B. Tan, Evan W. Newell
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2020)

Growing evidence indicates a role for the gut microbiota in modulating anti-tumor treatment efficacy in human cancer. Here we study mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells to look for evidence of bacterial antigen recognition in human colon, lung, and kidney carcinomas. Using mass cytometry and single-cell mRNA sequencing, we identify a tumor-infiltrating MAIT cell subset expressing CD4 and Foxp3 and observe high expression of CD39 on MAIT cells from colorectal cancer (CRC) only, which we show in vitro to be expressed specifically after TCR stimulation. We further reveal that these cells are phenotypically and functionally exhausted. Sequencing data show high bacterial infiltration in CRC tumors and highlight an enriched species, Fusobacteria nucleatum, with capability to activate MAIT cells in a TCR-dependent way. Our results provide evidence of a MAIT cell response to microbial antigens in CRC and could pave the way for manipulating MAIT cells or the microbiome for cancer therapy.
Recognition of motor imagery EEG patterns based on common feature analysis
Authors: Zhenhao Huang, Yichun Qiu, Weijun Sun
Journal: Brain-Computer Interfaces (2020)

ABSTRACT Motor imagery (MI) is particularly attractive in brain-computer interface (BCI) in the sense that it does not need any external stimuli. However, the overall performance is often severely affected by subject's mental states. In this study, a method based on common feature analysis (CFA) was proposed for MI electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns recognition, which can not only improve the recognition accuracy but also help to find reliable and interpretable features associated with specific MI patterns. Evaluation using several open competition datasets justifies that the common features could more accurately identify MI characteristics and hence substantially benefit MI EEG patterns recognition.
In Fetal Therapy, an Obligation to Temper Excitement With Caution
Authors: Russell S. Kirby, Deborah L. Cragun, Sarah G. Obican
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Impact of physicians’ participation in non-interventional post-marketing studies on their prescription habits: A retrospective 2-armed cohort study in Germany
Authors: Cora Koch, Jörn Schleeff, Franka Techen, Daniel Wollschläger, Gisela Schott, Ralf Kölbel, Klaus Lieb
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2020)

Non-interventional post-marketing studies (NIPMSs) sponsored by pharmaceutical companies are controversial because, while they are theoretically useful instruments for pharmacovigilance, some authors have hypothesized that they are merely marketing instruments used to influence physicians' prescription behavior. So far, it has not been shown, to our knowledge, whether NIPMSs actually do have an influence on prescription behavior. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate whether physicians' participation in NIPMSs initiated by pharmaceutical companies has an impact on their prescription behavior. In addition, we wanted to analyze whether specific characteristics of NIPMSs have a differing impact on prescription behavior.In a retrospective 2-armed cohort study, the prescription behavior of 6,996 German physicians, of which 2,354 had participated in at least 1 of 24 NIPMSs and 4,642 were controls, was analyzed. Data were acquired between 6 October 2016 and 8 June 2018. Controls were matched by overall prescription volume and number of prescriptions of the drug studied in the NIPMS in the year prior to the NIPMS. Primary outcome was the relative rate of prescriptions of the drug studied in the NIPMS by participating physicians compared to controls during the NIPMS and the following year. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of prescriptions of the studied drug compared to alternative drugs used for the same indication, the revenue generated by these prescriptions, and the association between the marketing characteristics of the NIPMS and prescription habits. Of the 24 NIPMSs, the 2 largest drug groups studied were antineoplastic and immunomodulatory agents (7/24, 29.2%) and agents for the nervous system (4/24, 16.7%). Physicians participating in an NIPMS prescribed more of the studied drug during and in the year after the NIPMS, at a relative rate of 1.08 (95% CI 1.07-1.10; p < 0.001) and 1.07 (95% CI 1.05-1.09); p < 0.001), respectively. Participating physicians were more likely than controls to prescribe one of the studied drugs rather than alternative drugs used for the same indication (odds ratio 1.04; 95% CI 1.03-1.05). None of the marketing characteristics studied were significantly associated with prescription practices. The main limitation was the difficulty in controlling for confounders due to privacy laws, with a resulting lack of information regarding the included physicians, which was mainly addressed by the matching process.Physicians participating in NIPMSs prescribe more of the investigated drug than matching controls. This result calls the alleged non-interventional character of NIPMSs into question and should lead to stricter regulation of NIPMSs.
Selinexor in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (SADAL): a single-arm, multinational, multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial
Authors: Nagesh Kalakonda, Marie Maerevoet, Federica Cavallo, George Follows, Andre Goy, Joost S P Vermaat, Olivier Casasnovas, Nada Hamad, Josée M Zijlstra, Sameer Bakhshi, Reda Bouabdallah, Sylvain Choquet, Ronit Gurion, Brian Hill, Ulrich Jaeger, Juan Manuel Sancho, Michael Schuster, Catherine Thieblemont, Fátima De la Cruz, Miklos Egyed, Sourav Mishra, Fritz Offner, Theodoros P Vassilakopoulos, Krzysztof Warzocha, Daniel McCarthy, Xiwen Ma, Kelly Corona, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Hua Chang, Yosef Landesman, Anita Joshi, Hongwei Wang, Jatin Shah, Sharon Shacham, Michael Kauffman, Eric Van Den Neste, Miguel A Canales
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2020)
Potent human broadly neutralizing antibodies to hepatitis B virus from natural controllers
Authors: Verena Hehle, Maxime Beretta, Maryline Bourgine, Malika Ait-Goughoulte, Cyril Planchais, Solen Morisse, Benjamin Vesin, Valérie Lorin, Thierry Hieu, Andrea Stauffer, Oriane Fiquet, Jordan D. Dimitrov, Marie-Louise Michel, Marie-Noëlle Ungeheuer, Camille Sureau, Stanislas Pol, James P. Di Santo, Hélène Strick-Marchand, Nadège Pelletier, Hugo Mouquet
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)

Rare individuals can naturally clear chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and acquire protection from reinfection as conferred by vaccination. To examine the protective humoral response against HBV, we cloned and characterized human antibodies specific to the viral surface glycoproteins (HBsAg) from memory B cells of HBV vaccinees and controllers. We found that human HBV antibodies are encoded by a diverse set of immunoglobulin genes and recognize various conformational HBsAg epitopes. Strikingly, HBsAg-specific memory B cells from natural controllers mainly produced neutralizing antibodies able to cross-react with several viral genotypes. Furthermore, monotherapy with the potent broadly neutralizing antibody Bc1.187 suppressed viremia in vivo in HBV mouse models and led to post-therapy control of the infection in a fraction of animals. Thus, human neutralizing HBsAg antibodies appear to play a key role in the spontaneous control of HBV and represent promising immunotherapeutic tools for achieving HBV functional cure in chronically infected humans.
Reactive Myelopoiesis Triggered by Lymphodepleting Chemotherapy Limits the Efficacy of Adoptive T Cell Therapy
Authors: Patrick Innamarato, Krithika Kodumudi, Sarah Asby, Benjamin Schachner, MacLean Hall, Amy Mackay, Doris Wiener, Matthew Beatty, Luz Nagle, Ben C. Creelan, Amod A. Sarnaik, Shari Pilon-Thomas
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2020)

Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) in combination with lymphodepleting chemotherapy is an effective strategy to induce the eradication of tumors, providing long-term regression in cancer patients. Despite that lymphodepleting regimens condition the host for optimal engraftment and expansion of adoptively transferred T cells, lymphodepletion concomitantly promotes immunosuppression during the course of endogenous immune recovery. In this study, we have identified that lymphodepleting chemotherapy initiates the mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells that differentiate to immunosuppressive myeloid cells, leading to a dramatic increase of peripheral myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). In melanoma and lung cancer patients, MDSCs rapidly expanded in the periphery within 1 week after completion of a lymphodepleting regimen and infusion of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). This expansion was associated with disease progression, poor survival, and reduced TIL persistence in melanoma patients. We demonstrated that the interleukin 6 (IL-6)-driven differentiation of mobilized hematopoietic progenitor cells promoted the survival and immunosuppressive capacity of post-lymphodepletion MDSCs. Furthermore, the genetic abrogation or therapeutic inhibition of IL-6 in mouse models enhanced host survival and reduced tumor growth in mice that received ACT. Thus, the expansion of MDSCs in response to lymphodepleting chemotherapy may contribute to ACT failure, and targeting myeloid-mediated immunosuppression may support anti-tumor immune responses.
Case 20-2020: A 7-Year-Old Girl with Severe Psychological Distress after Family Separation
Authors: Matthew G. Gartland, Jose A. Hidalgo, Fiona S. Danaher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

A 7-year-old girl who had immigrated to the United States from Central America was evaluated in the asylum clinic because of psychological distress after detainment and family separation while crossing the U.S.–Mexico border. The patient and her mother had been reunited 2 months after detainment. Management decisions were made.
Changes in epilepsy burden after onchocerciasis elimination in a hyperendemic focus of western Uganda: a comparison of two population-based, cross-sectional studies
Authors: Nolbert Gumisiriza, Christoph Kaiser, George Asaba, Henry Onen, Frank Mubiru, Donozio Kisembo, Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo, Robert Colebunders
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2020)
p38γ MAPK Is Essential for Aerobic Glycolysis and Pancreatic Tumorigenesis
Authors: Fang Wang, Xiao-Mei Qi, Ryan Wertz, Matthew Mortensen, Catherine Hagen, John Evans, Yuri Sheinin, Michael James, Pengyuan Liu, Susan Tsai, James Thomas, Alexander Mackinnon, Michael Dwinell, Charles R. Myers, Ramon Bartrons Bach, Liwu Fu, Guan Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract KRAS is mutated in most pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) and yet remains undruggable. Here, we report that p38γ MAPK, which promotes PDAC tumorigenesis by linking KRAS signaling and aerobic glycolysis (also called the Warburg effect), is a novel therapeutic target. p38γ interacted with a glycolytic activator PFKFB3 that was dependent on mutated KRAS. KRAS transformation and overexpression of p38γ increased expression of PFKFB3 and glucose transporter GLUT2, conversely, silencing mutant KRAS, and p38γ decreased PFKFB3 and GLUT2 expression. p38γ phosphorylated PFKFB3 at S467, stabilized PFKFB3, and promoted their interaction with GLUT2. Pancreatic knockout of p38γ decreased p-PFKFB3/PFKFB3/GLUT2 protein levels, reduced aerobic glycolysis, and inhibited PDAC tumorigenesis in KPC mice. PFKFB3 and GLUT2 depended on p38γ to stimulate glycolysis and PDAC growth and p38γ required PFKFB3/S467 to promote these activities. A p38γ inhibitor cooperated with a PFKFB3 inhibitor to blunt aerobic glycolysis and PDAC growth, which was dependent on p38γ. Moreover, overexpression of p38γ, p-PFKFB3, PFKFB3, and GLUT2 in PDAC predicted poor clinical prognosis. These results indicate that p38γ links KRAS oncogene signaling and aerobic glycolysis to promote pancreatic tumorigenesis through PFKFB3 and GLUT2, and that p38γ and PFKFB3 may be targeted for therapeutic intervention in PDAC. Significance: These findings show that p38γ links KRAS oncogene signaling and the Warburg effect through PFKBF3 and Glut2 to promote pancreatic tumorigenesis, which can be disrupted via inhibition of p38γ and PFKFB3.
Expanding access to radiotherapy in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Rebecca Barksby
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2020)

An international collaboration has brought together experts in medical physics, accelerator technology, and oncology for an innovative project that aims to develop novel radiotherapy technologies for sub-Saharan Africa. The project, Innovative Technologies towards building Affordable and equitable global Radiotherapy capacity (ITAR), funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council, involves 22 African countries and presents an opportunity to expand global access to radiotherapy.
Sub-Daily Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Ambulance Dispatches during Wildfire Seasons: A Case-Crossover Study in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Jiayun Yao, Michael Brauer, Julie Wei, Kimberlyn M. McGrail, Fay H. Johnston, Sarah B. Henderson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2020)

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during wildfire seasons has been associated with adverse health outcomes. Previous studies have focused on daily exposure, but PM2.5 levels in smoke events can vary considerably within 1 d.We aimed to assess the immediate and lagged relationship between sub-daily exposure to PM2.5 and acute health outcomes during wildfire seasons in British Columbia.We used a time-stratified case-crossover study design to evaluate the association between modeled hourly PM2.5 and ambulance dispatches during wildfire seasons from 2010 to 2015. Distributed lag nonlinear models were used to estimate the lag-specific and cumulative odds ratios (ORs) at lags from 1 to 48 h. We examined the relationship for all dispatches and dispatches related to respiratory, circulatory, and diabetic conditions, identified by codes for ambulance dispatch (AD), paramedic assessment (PA) or hospital diagnosis (HD).Increased respiratory health outcomes were observed within 1 h of exposure to a 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5. The 48-h cumulative OR [95% confidence interval (CI)] was 1.038 (1.009, 1.067) for the AD code Breathing Problems and 1.098 (1.013, 1.189) for PA code Asthma/COPD. The point estimates were elevated within 1 h for the PA code for Myocardial Infarction and HD codes for Ischemic Heart Disease, which had 24-h cumulative ORs of 1.104 (0.915, 1.331) and 1.069 (0.983, 1.162), respectively. The odds of Diabetic AD and PA codes increased over time to a cumulative 24-h OR of 1.075 (1.001, 1.153) and 1.104 (1.015, 1.202) respectively.We found increased PM2.5 during wildfire seasons was associated with some respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes within 1 h following exposure, and its association with diabetic outcomes increased over time. Cumulative effects were consistent with those reported elsewhere in the literature. These results warrant further investigation and may have implications for the appropriate time scale of public health actions. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5792.
Characterization of vascular stains associated with high flow
Authors: Eloise R. Galligan, Eulalia Baselga, Ilona J. Frieden, Nicole W. Kittler, Christine T. Lauren, Kimberly D. Morel, Catherine McCuaig, Elena Pope, Megha Tollefson, Kimberly Tantuco, Orli Wargon, Maria C. Garzon
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
DNA-PK in human malignant disorders: Mechanisms and implications for pharmacological interventions
Authors: Michaela Medová, Matúš Medo, Lusine Hovhannisyan, Carmen Muñoz-Maldonado, Daniel M. Aebersold, Yitzhak Zimmer
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2020)

The DNA-PK holoenzyme is a fundamental element of the DNA damage response machinery (DDR), which is responsible for cellular genomic stability. Consequently, and predictably, over the last decades since its identification and characterization, numerous pre-clinical and clinical studies reported observations correlating aberrant DNA-PK status and activity with cancer onset, progression and responses to therapeutic modalities. Notably, various studies have established in recent years the role of DNA-PK outside the DDR network, corroborating its role as a pleiotropic complex involved in transcriptional programs that operate biologic processes as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), hypoxia, metabolism, nuclear receptors signaling and inflammatory responses. In particular tumor entities as prostate cancer, immense research efforts assisted mapping and describing the overall signaling networks regulated by DNA-PK that control metastasis and tumor progression. Correspondingly, DNA-PK emerges as an obvious therapeutic target in cancer and data pertaining to various pharmacological approaches have been published, largely in context of combination with DNA-damaging agents (DDAs) that act by inflicting DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Currently, new generation inhibitors are tested in clinical trials. Several excellent reviews have been published in recent years covering the biology of DNA-PK and its role in cancer. In the current article we are aiming to systematically describe the main findings on DNA-PK signaling in major cancer types, focusing on both preclinical and clinical reports and present a detailed current status of the DNA-PK inhibitors repertoire.
Dermatological signs lead to discovery of mosaic <i>ACTB</i> variants in segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia
Authors: S. Polubothu, D. Abdin, M. Barysch, A. Thomas, N. Bulstrode, R. Evans, L. Solman, J. Obwegeser, R.C. Hennekam, L. Weibel, A. Calder, N. Di Donato, V.A. Kinsler
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)