tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clusterin in stool: A new diagnostic marker of colorectal cancer
Authors: S. Pucci, F. Sesti, P. Mazzarelli, E. Bonanno, L. G. Spagnoli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

14561 Background: Colon cancer is second only to lung cancer in men and to breast carcinoma in women, for incidence and mortality in western countries .The higher incidence per age is observed between the sixth and seventieth decade, while 60% of the patients survive up to five years. The most important reason for the low percentage of recoveries is due to the fact that when the primary tumour is removed, a high number of patients have already developed micro-metastases, principally at liver. Therefore, methods for early screening are requested. Molecular markers have emerged as an important strategy to evaluate the individual susceptibility for cancer insorgence and for clinical cancer therapy. Recent studies have demonstrated an increase in clusterin expression in breast carcinoma suggesting a possible role of this protein in tumour progression. Clusterin is an heterodimeric (a and β chains) ubiquitous glycoprotein implicated in a large number of physiological processes and in the control of cellular proliferation. Despite the original hypothesis that clusterin is a marker for programmed cell death, several experiments and clinical studies have demonstrated conflicting findings on its role in tumors. Methods: We have studied clusterin isoforms expression in tumour progression, in particular in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence of colorectal cancer. Results: the observation of 35 samples of human intestinal mucosa, such as endoscopic biopsies and surgical specimens, demonstrated that the progression towards high grade and metastatic colon carcinoma leads to a pattern shift of clusterin isoforms production, the complete loss of the proapoptotic nuclear form and an over expression of cytoplasmic secreted form correlateting to a phenotype with high metastatic potential. Moreover we observed in tumor biopsies the release of clusterin in the crypts lumen. The ELISA immuno-dosage of clusterin demonstrated that the sclusterin overexpression in tumours correlates to a significant increase of clusterin in the serum and stools of patients affected by tumoural pathologies and in particular by colorectal cancer. Conclusions: These data suggests a new role of secreted clusterin as a new diagnostic circulating marker and a potential new therapeutic target. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Identifying Biomarkers in Pediatric Rare Lung Disease. chILD Grows Up
Authors: Timothy J. Vece, Charles R. Esther
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2019)

chILD Grows UpChildren's interstitial and diffuse lung disease (chILD) has been recognized as distinct from adult interstitial lung diseases for nearly 2 decades after the first descriptions of disorders of surfactant metabolism and neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) (1, 2).In that interval, advances in clinical phenotyping, histopathology, genetic testing, and imaging have improved diagnostic capabilities and led to the discovery of novel chILD disorders (3).However, although bloodor airway-derived biomarkers can be informative in adult ILD (4, 5), similar biomarkers do not exist in chILD, and lung biopsy is often still required to make a definitive diagnosis.In recognition of these limitations, a recent National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute workshop to advance chILD identified a "lack of validated biomarkers or outcome measures suitable for use in infants and young children" as a key gap (6).In this issue of the Journal, Deterding and colleagues (pp.1496-1504) help to address this gap through the use of aptamer-based proteomics to identify proteins and related pathways in BAL fluid that distinguish two of the most common chILD disorders (NEHI and disorders of surfactant metabolism) from each other and from control individuals without chILD (7).Although this was a single-center study on a relatively small population, these findings represent a significant step forward in the study of these rare lung diseases.The identification of unique protein signatures for both NEHI and surfactant protein deficiency could have substantial diagnostic value.Both disorders typically present similarly, with tachypnea, crackles, and hypoxemia starting before 1 year of age (8).Although findings on chest computed tomography (CT) are often diagnostic, nearly a quarter of patients with biopsy-proven NEHI have atypical findings on chest CT (9), and there are reported cases of a NEHI pattern on chest CT that were ultimately found to be caused by surfactant dysfunction (10).Genetic testing can also be informative, although approximately 25% of patients who have lung biopsy consistent with surfactant dysfunction have negative genetic studies (8).Reliance on genetic studies can also delay diagnosis and treatment, as current testing often requires up to 4 weeks for completion.This delay has meaningful treatment implications, as surfactant dysfunction is typically treated with multiple medications such as hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and corticosteroids (1), whereas the therapy for NEHI is supportive care.Thus, a validated BAL proteomic
Modest Calorie Reduction Can Improve Cardiometabolic Health
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rapid Biofilm Elimination on Bone Implants Using Near‐Infrared‐Activated Inorganic Semiconductor Heterostructures
Authors: Li Hong, Xiangmei Liu, Lei Tan, Zhenduo Cui, Xianjin Yang, Yanqin Liang, Zhaoyang Li, Shengli Zhu, Yufeng Zheng, Kelvin Wai Kwok Yeung, Doudou Jing, Dong Zheng, Xianbao Wang, Shuilin Wu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2019)

Abstract Bacterial infections often cause orthopedic surgery failures. It is hard for the immune system and antibiotics to clear bacteria adhered to implants after they form a mature biofilm, and a secondary surgery is required to remove the infected implants. To avoid this, a hybrid coating of Bi 2 S 3 @Ag 3 PO 4 /Ti is prepared to eliminate biofilm using near‐infrared (NIR) light. Bi 2 S 3 nanorod (NR) arrays are prepared on titanium (Ti) implants through hydrothermal methods, and Ag 3 PO 4 nanoparticles (NPs) are loaded on Bi 2 S 3 NR arrays using a stepwise electrostatic adsorption strategy. The introduction of Ag 3 PO 4 NPs enhances the photocatalysis performances of Bi 2 S 3 , and the hybrid coating also exhibits good photothermal effects. After 808 nm light irradiation for 15 min, it shows superior bactericidal efficiency of 99.45% against Staphylococcus aureus , 99.74% against Escherichia coli in vitro, and 94.54% against S. aureus biofilm in vivo. Bi 2 S 3 @Ag 3 PO 4 /Ti also shows good cell viability compared to pure Ti. This NIR‐activated‐inorganic hybrid semiconductor heterojunction coating is biocompatible and could be employed to eliminate biofilm effectively, which makes it a very promising strategy for the surface modification of bone implant materials.
Would warning of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) have induced a change in the administration schedule of zoledronic acid (ZA)? A report from Toledo, Spain.
Authors: Ana Rosa Rubio Salvador, Jose Ignacio Chacon, Enriqueta Munoz Platon, Begona Martinez Carrasco, Nazaret Cordero Franco, Jose Manuel Martinez Sesmero, Laura Diaz Paniagua, Sonia Alonso Soler, Alberto San Juan del Moral, Lourdes Fernandez Franco, Carmen Esteban Esteban, Paloma Moya Gomez, Miguel Angel Cruz Mora
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e19596 Background: ZA therapy has been associated with the development of ONJ. In Nov 8th, 2005, osteonecrosis of the jaw was elevated to a safety warning by Spanish Drug Agency (SDA). The aim of this study was to investigate if that warning has had any effect in the pattern of ZA administration in a general hospital. Methods: We retrospectively analysed database using pharmacy, medical and nurse claims data from the Oncobass integrated claims database for all pts diagnosed with cancer who had received treatment with ZA between Jan 1, 2002, and Dec 31, 2011. Delivered doses of ZA were stratified in 2 groups: used before the SDA warning and after the SDA warning. Main variable: time between two consecutive doses (TTCD). Secondary variables: age, sex and diagnosis. Descriptive statistical analysis were applied for both groups. Comparisons of means of TTCD before and after the warning were performed with Student’s test, or the Mann-Whitney test, as necessary. Statistic significance: p value &lt; 0.05. Results: We identified 761 patients (374 (49.2%) male; 387 (50.8%) female), median age 64 y (25 – 92) who were delivered 7301 doses [mean: 9.6 doses/patient (d/p)]: 2,353 (32.2%) before the SDA warning and 4948 (67.8%) after. Pathologies: breast cancer (BC) 257 patients (pts) (33,77%), 2,918 doses (40%), mean 11.4 d/p; multiple myeloma (MM) 167 pts (21.94%), 2001 doses (27%), 12 d/p; prostate adenocarcinoma (PA) 129 pts (16.95%), 1,510 doses (20.7%), 11.7 d/p; lung cancer (LC), 112 pts (14.72%), mean 4.2 d/p, 465 doses (6.4%); other 96 pts (12.61%), 407 doses (5,5%), 4.2 d/p. 3,126 (43%) doses were delivered to male and 4,149 (57%) to female. TTCD was significantly increased after ths SDA warning [32.12 vs 33.87 days (d); p&lt; 0.001; CI 95% (-0.79)- (-0.90)]. By pathologies, differences were significant only for MM [35.8 vs 44.4 d; p&lt;0.001; CI 95% (-10.19)-(-6.99)] and for PA [28.67 vs 32.03; p &lt; 0.001; CI 95% (-5.08)-(-1.63)], but not for the other pathologies. Median d/p was unchanged before and after warnings for all pathologies except for MM (13 d/p vs 8.3 d/p). Conclusions: In our environment, ONJ warnings have not changed substantially the ZA schedule pattern, except for MM.
3D cellular visualization of intact mouse tooth using optical clearing without decalcification
Authors: Sujung Hong, Jingu Lee, Jin Man Kim, Sun-Young Kim, Hyung-Ryong Kim, Pilhan Kim
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2019)

Dental pulp is composed of nerves, blood vessels, and various types of cells and surrounded by a thick and hard enamel-dentin matrix. Due to its importance in the maintenance of tooth vitality, there have been intensive efforts to analyze the complex cellular-level organization of the dental pulp in teeth. Although conventional histologic analysis has provided microscopic images of the dental pulp, 3-dimensional (3D) cellular-level visualization of the whole dental pulp in an intact tooth has remained a technically challenging task. This is mainly due to the inevitable disruption and loss of microscopic structural features during the process of mechanical sectioning required for the preparation of the tooth sample for histological observation. To accomplish 3D microscopic observation of thick intact tissue, various optical clearing techniques have been developed mostly for soft tissue, and their application for hard tissues such as bone and teeth has only recently started to be investigated. In this work, we established a simple and rapid optical clearing technique for intact mouse teeth without the time-consuming process of decalcification. We achieved 3D cellular-level visualization of the microvasculature and various immune cell distributions in the whole dental pulp of mouse teeth under normal and pathologic conditions. This technique could be used to enable diverse research methods on tooth development and regeneration by providing 3D visualization of various pulpal cells in intact mouse teeth.
IL-12/IL-23 neutralization is ineffective for alopecia areata in mice and humans
Authors: Luana S. Ortolan, Sa Rang Kim, Sydney Crotts, Lucy Y. Liu, Brittany G. Craiglow, Carlos Wambier, Renato S. Paschoal, Brett A. King, Ali Jabbari
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)
Fundamentals of Medical Education.
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Polypharmacy risk among five-year cancer survivors.
Authors: Christine D. Hsu, Jennifer Leigh Lund, Hazel Nichols
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

11565 Background: Cancer survivors are increasing in the United States. Survivors often face cancer sequelae and side effects from treatment, which can arise during treatment or even months or years later. Survivors may therefore experience greater medication burden than the general population, increasing concerns for polypharmacy and risk of drug interactions and non-adherence. The objective of this study is to characterize prevalence of polypharmacy by cancer history in a nationally-representative sample of U.S. adults. Methods: Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2003-2014, we identified 32,330 individuals 20 years or older, 1,672 of whom had been diagnosed with cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin) at least five years before the survey. The association between cancer history and polypharmacy (5+ medications) was examined using Poisson regression models to calculate multivariable risk ratio (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for education, ethnicity, marital status, and age at survey. Results: Among five-year cancer survivors, 35% had a diagnosis within 5-9 years of the survey year, 26% within 10-14 years, 13% within 15-19 years, and 26% had a diagnosis 20 or more years before the survey year. Breast cancer was the most common type of cancer (23%), followed by cervical cancer (18%), prostate cancer (12%), and colon cancer (7%). Prevalence of polypharmacy was higher in cancer survivors (33.6%; 95% CI: 30.7-36.6%) than in those with no cancer history (13.0%, 95% CI: 12.4-13.7%) (RR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.20, 1.45). Polypharmacy prevalence differed by age group (4.83% in 20-39 year olds; 40.37% in 40-64 year olds; 54.8% in 65 years and older), and within each age group, risk of polypharmacy was higher in cancer survivors than in those with no cancer history, with the most pronounced difference in cancer survivors 20-39 years old (RR: 2.93, 95% CI: 1.69-5.09), followed by 40-64 year olds (RR: 1.52, 95% CI 1.27-1.83) and those 65 years and older (RR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07-1.29). Conclusions: Cancer survivors are more likely to experience polypharmacy burden than those with no cancer history. Findings from this study can increase awareness about the unique challenges cancer survivors face and encourage medication reconciliation services.
Stress urinary incontinence: study finds fourfold variation in use of surgery across England
Authors: Stijntje Dijk, Pat Lok
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Women in some parts of England with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) are nearly four times more likely to have surgery than those living in other parts, a study has found.1

The researchers say that their findings reflect differences in how national guidelines are being interpreted in the context of the ongoing debate about the safety of SUI surgery. They have reiterated calls for a national monitoring scheme to follow up women who have had surgery to treat SUI.

The national cohort study, published in BMJ Open, involved 27 997 women who had undergone the surgery in England between April 2013 and March 2016.

The average rate of …
Characterization of a whole blood assay for quantifying myeloid-derived suppressor cells
Authors: Minjun C. Apodaca, Amy E. Wright, Angela M. Riggins, William P. Harris, Raymond S. Yeung, Lei Yu, Chihiro Morishima
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2019)

<h3>Background</h3> Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) have been found to play an important role in limiting immune responses in cancer. Higher circulating MDSC levels have been associated with greater tumor burden, poorer response to immunotherapy, and poorer survival. Optimal measurement of MDSC levels could provide clinicians with a useful prognostic and/or management tool. <h3>Methods</h3> A whole blood&nbsp;(WB) nine color, 11 parameter flow cytometric assay was designed, utilizing fluorescently-labeled antibodies against CD45, CD3, CD19, CD20, CD56, CD16, HLA-DR, CD33, CD11b, CD14 and CD15, and BD Trucount beads for quantitation. Total MDSC were defined as CD45 + CD3<sup>−</sup>CD19<sup>−</sup>CD20<sup>−</sup>CD56<sup>−</sup>CD16<sup>−</sup>HLA-DR<sup>−</sup>CD33 + CD11b + cells, while the monocytic (M-MDSC) and polymorphonuclear subsets were defined as CD14+ or CD15+, respectively. <h3>Results</h3> A novel gating strategy was devised to eliminate granulocytes and improve consistency in gating. Several pre-analytical variables were found to significantly affect MDSC quantitation, including collection tube type and time elapsed between blood collection and testing. Total and M-MDSC levels were a mean of 63% and 73% greater, respectively, with K<sub>2</sub>EDTA compared to Na<sup>+</sup>heparin collection tubes (<i>N</i>&nbsp;= 5). In addition, time elapsed at room temperature prior to cell labeling affected MDSC quantitation; by 24 h after blood collection, total and M-MDSC levels were a mean of 26% and 57% lower compared to testing as soon as possible after collection (<i>N</i>&nbsp;= 6). Refrigeration of samples at 4 °C ameliorated time-dependent effects at both 4 and 8 h, but not 24 h after blood collection. To establish normal ranges for this assay, MDSC levels were quantified in 67 healthy subjects (30 male, 37 female) ages 20–93. No significant differences in total or M-MDSC levels were detected for ages ≤60 compared to &gt; 60 (<i>p</i>&nbsp;= 0.5 and <i>p</i>&nbsp;= 0.8, respectively). Finally, assay results demonstrated significantly higher MDSC levels among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (<i>N</i>&nbsp;= 55) compared to age-matched healthy controls (<i>N</i>&nbsp;= 27) for total and M-MDSC (<i>p</i>&nbsp;= 0.006 and 0.004, respectively). <h3>Conclusions</h3> MDSC are a heterogenous group of cells, and their quantitation in WB can be affected by a number of pre-analytical variables. Consideration of these factors, and measurement using a material type that has not been manipulated, such as whole blood, is likely to yield the most accurate results.
A novel qualitative methodology study to characterize discrimination and inclusion among hematology/oncology trainees.
Authors: Rahma M. Warsame, Gladys Asiedu, Ashok Kumbamu, Sharonne Hayes, Carrie A. Thompson, Timothy J. Hobday, Katharine Andress Rowe Price
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

10530 Background: Learner wellbeing may be adversely affected by the experience of discrimination. Eliciting details from this vulnerable population about these experiences is a challenge. This study characterizes trainee experiences of discrimination and inclusion to inform graduate medical education (GME) policies and practice. Methods: Anonymous semi-structured, private phone interviews were conducted with fellows after informed consent. No identifying information was exchanged and the interviewer had no supervisory role over learners. Demographic information was obtained via anonymous online survey. Results: Of 29 fellows approached, 20 consented; 17 interviewed (10 men; median age 32 years). Racial &amp; ethnic distribution: 6 Asian, 2 Black, 2 Multi-racial, 4 White, 3 Hispanic/Latino. All fellows reported discriminatory behavior that they either experienced or witnessed. Incidents of discriminatory behavior towards trainees were more common from patients (pts) (n = 41) than staff (n = 12). Discrimination from pts included requesting a different physician based on accent (n = 13), race (n = 11), perceived avoidance of a trainee considered “different” (n = 11), sex (n = 5), &amp; ethnicity (n = 4). Six trainees were aware of policies against pt discrimination but only 1 trainee reported an incident. Trainees did not report because of the nature of incidents (micro aggressions that are difficult to characterize) and sense of futility of reporting. Discriminatory behavior from staff was based on perceived micro aggressions (n = 4), sex (n = 3), ethnicity (n = 3), ageism (n = 1), and sexual orientation (n = 1). Impact on trainees ranged from negative (personal anguish) to positive (motivation to improve communication). Coping mechanisms included debriefing with family/trainees and focusing on good pt experiences. Trainees felt that having diverse co-fellows, involvement on committees, and supportive program leadership promoted inclusivity. Conclusions: Our study found that discriminatory behavior towards trainees is common. Our methodology allows for honest &amp; safe discussions. GME programs must assess their learning climate with respect to bias/inclusivity &amp; develop appropriate processes.
T Cell Repertoire after Alpha/Beta-T Cell Depleted Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Ivan Zvyagin, Olga Tatarinova, Ilgar Mamedov, Ekaterina Komech, Alexey Maschan, Larisa Shelikhova, Elena Kurnikova, Elena Boyakova, Yuri Lebedev, Michael Maschan, Dmitry Chudakov
Journal: Blood (2016)
Initial Phase 2 Results of Ibrutinib Combined with Carfilzomib/Dexamethasone in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Ajai Chari, Saulius Girnius, Saurabh Chhabra, Robert Frank Cornell, Cristina J. Gasparetto, Chatchada Karanes, Matthew A. Lunning, Jeffrey V. Matous, Ruben Niesvizky, Chaim Shustik, Robert K. Stuart, Jason Lih, Yihua Lee, Zeena Salman, Thorsten Graef, Jason Valent
Journal: Blood (2017)