SAT0110 HIGH SERUM LONG-CHAIN OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH 6-MONTHLOWER DISEASE ACTIVITY IN EARLY RA: RESULTS FROM THE ESPOIR COHORT
Authors: Johanna Sigaux, Camille de Brauer Buscail, Chantal Julia, Rene Marc Flipo, Alain Cantagrel, Bernard Bannwarth, Francois Laporte, Marie-Christophe Boissier, Luca Semerano
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

<h3>Background:</h3> Dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of the n3 and n6 families are involved in immune homeostasis and can contribute to modulate inflammatory processes. Dietary intake of n3PUFA (by either supplementation or fish consumption) has been inversely associated with RA incidence in different populations. Some evidence suggests that, in subject at high risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA), high erythrocyte membrane content in long-chain n3-PUFA is associated with lower ACPA prevalence and progression to RA. While long-chain n6PUFA are considered mainly proinflammatory, some, like gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), are endowed with anti-inflammatory activity, and the erythrocyte content in n6 linoleic acid was inversely associated with the development of RA in a nested-case control study. No study hitherto evaluated the longitudinal association between individual PUFA profile and disease activity in early RA. <h3>Objectives:</h3> To characterize serum profiles of PUFA and to determine their association with baseline variables and with 6-month disease activity in a cohort of patients with early RA. <h3>Methods:</h3> Serum PUFAs were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in 594 patients with early RA at the time of recruitment in the French Etude et Suivi des POlyarthrites Indifférenciées Récentes (ESPOIR) cohort. Principal component analysis on 19 serum fatty acids with 14 to 22 carbon atoms allowed to determine 3 orthogonal patterns of baseline serum PUFA. Pattern 1 included high proportions of short-chain fatty acids, pattern 2 was high in n3 long-chain PUFA (EPA et DHA), pattern 3 was rich in n6 long-chain fatty acids (among which, GLA had the highest concentration). Patients were stratified in tertiles according to how much the fitted into each pattern, with tertile 1 meaning lowest and tertile 3 highest fitting into the pattern. The association of PUFA patterns with baseline variables was tested in univariate analysis. The association with 6-month disease activity (with high disease activity defined as DAS28&gt;5.1) was tested in multivariable analysis after adjustment on baseline CRP, corticosteroid and/or NSAIDs use, socioeconomic status, ACPA and RF positivity, traditional and biologic DMARDs treatment between 0 and 6 months after inclusion. <h3>Results:</h3> In baseline univariate analysis, pattern 1 was associated with high BMI, active smoking and with non-Caucasian origin. Profile 2 was associated with higher socioeconomic status and inversely associated with DAS28 and CRP. Profile 3 was associated with ACPA positivity and higher baseline CRP. In multivariate analysis, fitting into pattern 2 and 3 was associated with lower odds of having active disease after 6 months (OR for tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: 0.49 (95% CI 0.25 to 0.97, p&lt;0.05) for pattern 2 and 0.51 (0.28 to 0.95) for pattern 3, respectively). <h3>Conclusion:</h3> In a cohort of early RA patients, we could identify a high serum long-chain n3PUFA profile associated with low disease activity between 0 and 6 months of follow-up in the cohort. This is consistent with a presumed immunomodulatory action of n3PUFA. Despite the baseline association with disease severity features, like ACPA positivity and high CRP, a high serum long-chain n6PUFA profile is also associated with 6-month lower disease activity, possibly due to the presence of high concentrations of GLA in this profile. <h3>Disclosure of Interests:</h3> Johanna Sigaux Speakers bureau: celgene, Camille de Brauer Buscail: None declared, Chantal Julia: None declared, Rene Marc Flipo: None declared, Alain Cantagrel: None declared, Bernard Bannwarth: None declared, Francois Laporte: None declared, marie-Christophe Boissier Grant/research support from: Pfizer MSD, Speakers bureau: Pfizer Lilly Biogen, Luca Semerano Grant/research support from: pfizer, Speakers bureau: pfizer, roche, msd.