tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Place de la coagulation au plasma argon dans le traitement des anomalies vasculaires du tube digestif
Authors: S Soua, K El Jeri, S Laabidi, N Trad, Y Said, Y Zaimi, S Ayadi, L Mouelhi, R Debbeche
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Les angiodyplasies et les ectasies vasculaires antrales (EVA) sont des anomalies vasculaires rares du tube digestif (TD), qui peuvent avoir des complications graves. La prise en charge endoscopique repose essentiellement sur la coagulation au plasma argon (CPA). Le but de notre travail était d'évaluer l'efficacité de la CPA et les facteurs prédictifs de récidive hémorragique.
Final Analysis of the Phase I/II Study of CC-486 (Oral Azacitidine) Maintenance Therapy after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (Allo-SCT) in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) or Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)
Authors: Marcos de Lima, Betul Oran, Richard E. Champlin, Esperanza B. Papadopoulos, Sergio A. Giralt, Bart L. Scott, Basem M. William, Joel Hetzer, Becky Hubbell, Barry S. Skikne, Charles Craddock
Journal: Blood (2017)
Evaluation d'une technique de drainage des sténoses pancréatiques serrées sur pancréatite chronique calcifiante par forage à l'extracteur de Soehendra
Authors: JP Le Mouel, P Basile, M Barthet, JM Gonzalez
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

La prise en charge endoscopique des sténoses canalaires pancréatiques induites par la pancréatite chronique calcifiante (PCC) est particulièrement difficile du fait de leur caractère serré et calcifié. En cas de sténose uniquement franchie par un fil guide lors d'une cholangio-pancréatografie rétrograde (CPRE), un extracteur de Soehendra peut être utilisé pour réaliser un forage de la sténose et permettre la mise en place secondaire d'une prothèse pancréatique. L'objectif de notre étude était d'évaluer la faisabilité de cette technique.
LONG TERM SURVIVAL OF EARLY GASTRIC CANCER WITH SUBMUCOSAL INVASION AFTER ESD
Authors: Y Takagi, K Yamamoto, T Michida, Y Sato, Y Tokuda, N Tatsumi, T Ito
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Clinical outcome of early gastric cancer (EGC) with submucosal (SM) invasion after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is not fully elucidated. Additional surgery may decrease the mortality by lymph node metastasis, but can be an overtreatment for some patients with SM invasion gastric cancer. We investigated the clinical outcome for SM invasion gastric cancer after ESD.
Abstract 12154: 10-Year Development in Cardiac Mortality in the Young - A Nationwide Cohort Study in Denmark
Authors: Bjarke Risgaard, Mads Wissenberg, Bo Gregers Winkel, Reza Jabbari, Thomas H Lynge, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Frederik Folke, Stig Haunsø, Gunnar Gislason, Jacob Tfelt-Hansen
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Reliable and timely information on incidence rates and causes of death in the young is crucial for developing strategies to lower mortality. We examined temporal changes in nationwide m...
NEMATODES ATTACHED TO COLONIC WALL. ENDOSCOPIC DIFFERENTIATION (WITH VIDEOS)
Authors: L Diéguez Montes, J Aranda Hernández, L Lucendo Jiménez, O Ortega Lobete, J García Lledó, E Martos Vicaíno, C Carbonell Blanco, B Merino Rodríguez
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

To show two different nematodes attached to colonic wall allowing their characterization by endoscopic image.
IMPLEMENTATION OF A DIRECTLY OBSERVED POLYPECTOMY SKILLS (DOPYS) ASSESSMENT TOOL: A SURVEY STUDY FOR GLOBAL IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: A Rajendran, S Thomas-Gibson, A Haycock, N Sevdalis
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Polypectomy is one of the most common lower gastrointestinal therapeutic procedures performed worldwide. Directly Observed Polypectomy Tool (DOPyS) is a validated assessment tool for assessing polypectomy skills1,2 used in the UK since 2009, but not globally implemented yet. The aim of the study was to evaluate the current experience of using DOPyS and barriers/drivers to its global implementation.
River Valleys Shaped the Maternal Genetic Landscape of Han Chinese
Authors: Yu-Chun Li, Wei-Jian Ye, Chuan-Gui Jiang, Zhen Zeng, Jiao-Yang Tian, Li-Qin Yang, Kai-Jun Liu, Qing-Peng Kong
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2019)

Abstract A general south-north genetic divergence has been observed among Han Chinese in previous studies. However, these studies, especially those on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), are based either on partial mtDNA sequences or on limited samples. Given that Han Chinese comprise the world’s largest population and reside around the whole China, whether the north-south divergence can be observed after all regional populations are considered remains unknown. Moreover, factors involved in shaping the genetic landscape of Han Chinese need further investigation. In this study, we dissected the matrilineal landscape of Han Chinese by studying 4,004 mtDNA haplogroup-defining variants in 21,668 Han samples from virtually all provinces in China. Our results confirmed the genetic divergence between southern and northern Han populations. However, we found a significant genetic divergence among populations from the three main river systems, that is, the Yangtze, the Yellow, and the Zhujiang (Pearl) rivers, which largely attributed to the prevalent distribution of haplogroups D4, B4, and M7 in these river valleys. Further analyses based on 4,986 mitogenomes, including 218 newly generated sequences, indicated that this divergence was already established during the early Holocene and may have resulted from population expansion facilitated by ancient agricultures along these rivers. These results imply that the maternal gene pools of the contemporary Han populations have retained the genetic imprint of early Neolithic farmers from different river basins, or that river valleys represented relative migration barriers that facilitated genetic differentiation, thus highlighting the importance of the three ancient agricultures in shaping the genetic landscape of the Han Chinese.
ADENOMA DETECTION RATE AND COLONOSCOPY INDICATION: BEYOND SCREENING PROCEDURES
Authors: C Mangas-Sanjuan, E Santana, J Cubiella, A Seoane, A Suárez, E Quintero, Á Ferrández, V Hernández, M Ponce, I Portillo, M Pellisé, P Díez-Redondo, M Herráiz, A Ono, Á Pizarro, P Zapater, R Jover
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Adenoma detection rate (ADR) is the most important quality measure in screening colonoscopies because it's inversely related to the development of interval cancer and mortality. Minimum standard ADR recommended according to ESGE Guidelines is ≥25%; however, this recommendation's made for primary screening colonoscopies and it remains unknown whether this cut-off must be the same for other colonoscopy indications. Hence, the aim of this study was to describe the ADR based on procedure indication and to predict the ADR recommended for other indications.
Letter to the Editor: Concerns Regarding the ACLF Research Consortium (AARC) Study on Corticosteroid Therapy for Autoimmune Hepatitis Flare Causing Acute on Chronic Liver Failure
Authors: Dinesh Meher, Chitta Ranjan Khatua, Shivaram Prasad Singh
Journal: Hepatology (2019)

Potential conflict of interest: Dr. Singh owns stock in Torrent, Panacea, Dr. Reddy‐s and Sun Pharma. TO THE EDITOR: We read the study by Anand et al.1 on autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) presenting as acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) and their response to corticosteroids therapy. A careful perusal of ACLF Research Consortium (AARC) publications reveals that whereas their 2017 publication on PIRO Model for predicting acute kidney injury AKI had 24 participating centers,2 in the present publication,1 there are only 17 centers. We would like to know the reasons for reducing the number of centers. A major dilemma we have is that all cases appear to be cases of acute liver failure (ALF) or ACLF because of acute indeterminate insult. Serological testing alone is insufficient and hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA assay has to be performed to rule out HEV infection.3 Furthermore, positive autoimmune serology can appear in up to 25% cases of ALF not attributed to AIH.4 Histology in patients with AIH‐induced ALF is different from the usual histology in AIH.5 Besides, all these cases were surprisingly never diagnosed as AIH earlier, and over half of them did not have cirrhosis on histology. Hence, diagnosing them as "acute flare of chronic AIH" instead of acute presentation of AIH does not appear convincing. Furthermore, there was no case of sepsis or hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) in group 1 (steroid group), whereas in group 2, 11 (20.4%) and 27 (50%) patients had sepsis and HRS respectively. This can result in spurious survival benefit. In the light of aforementioned reasons, it appears that most cases had either ACLF or ALF of indeterminate etiology. Besides, it would be inappropriate to conclude that treatment with corticosteroids resulted in better outcome in these patients.
Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibition as a Therapeutic Target for Alcoholic Liver Disease: From Bedside to Bench
Authors: Walter E. Rodriguez, Banrida Wahlang, Yali Wang, Jingwen Zhang, Manicka V. Vadhanam, Swati Joshi‐Barve, Philip Bauer, Robert Cannon, Ali Reza Ahmadi, Zhaoli Sun, Andrew Cameron, Shirish Barve, Claudio Maldonado, Craig McClain, Leila Gobejishvili
Journal: Hepatology (2019)

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of liver-related mortality. There is still no US Food and Drug Administration-approved therapy for ALD, and therefore, identifying therapeutic targets is needed. Our previous work demonstrated that ethanol exposure leads to up-regulation of cAMP-degrading phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) expression, which compromises normal cAMP signaling in monocytes/macrophages and hepatocytes. This effect of ethanol on cAMP signaling contributes to dysregulated inflammatory response and altered lipid metabolism. It is unknown whether chronic alcohol consumption in humans alters hepatic PDE4 expression and cAMP signaling and whether inadequate cAMP signaling plays a pathogenic role in alcohol-induced liver injury. Our present work shows that expression of the PDE4 subfamily of enzymes is significantly up-regulated and cAMP levels are markedly decreased in hepatic tissues of patients with severe ALD. We also demonstrate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of roflumilast, a clinically available PDE4 inhibitor, on endotoxin-inducible proinflammatory cytokine production ex vivo in whole blood of patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Moreover, we demonstrate that ethanol-mediated changes in hepatic PDE4 and cAMP levels play a causal role in liver injury in in vivo and in vitro models of ALD. This study employs a drug delivery system that specifically delivers the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram to the liver to avoid central nervous system side effects associated with this drug. Our results show that PDE4 inhibition significantly attenuates ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis and injury through multiple mechanisms, including reduced oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion: Increased PDE4 plays a pathogenic role in the development of ALD; hence, directed interventions aimed at inhibiting PDE4 might be an effective treatment for ALD.
Palbociclib-induced senescence upregulates the expression of IL-8 and may enhance the response to inmunotherapy
Authors: A. Martinez Bueno, J. Bertran Aramillo, J.J. Garcia Mosquera, A. Gimenez Capitan, J. Codony-Servat, A. Aguilar, S. Garcia Román, C. Mayo de las Casas, S. Viteri, M.A. Molina
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

Background: Senescence is a well characterized effect of the CDK4-6 inhibitors, and senescent cells have been described to produce inflammatory mediators as part of a "senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP)". We hypothesized that CDK4/6 inhibitors, following cell cycle arrest and induction of senescence can increase the production of inflammatory mediators by breast cancer cells, such as IL-8, that are known to enhance the activity of anti-PD-L1 agents. Methods: Four cell lines were used in this study, the HER2+ AU565, the luminal A MCF-7and the triple negative (TN) MD-MB-231 and MD-MB-468 cell lines. Cells were treated for 5 days to determine if palbociclib induces senescence. Senescence was characterized through the expression of acidic beta-galactosidase and morphologic changes. Quantification of IL-8 mRNA was performed by RT-Q-PCR using the ABI Prism 7900HT. Results: Beta-galactosidase staining revealed a significant number of senescent cells after palbociclib treatment in AU565, MCF-7 and MD-MB231 lines, which also underwentmorphological changes characteristic of cell cycle arrest and senescence under microscopic examination. IL8 mRNA analyses revealed that palbociclib significantly induced IL8 expression in all the cell lines tested, including the triple negative MDA-MB-468, where senescence changes had not been observed. Conclusions: Palbociclib significantly upregulates the inflammatory mediator IL-8 in the four breast cancer cell lines tested, which included luminal, HER2+ and triple negative cells. Our resuls warrant further molecular characterization of the effects of palbociclib on tumor inflammatory microenvironment and analysis of the possible synergy of CDK4-6 inhibitors with anti-PD-L1 drugs in breast cancer. Legal entity responsible for the study: Pangaea Oncology. Funding: Has not received any funding. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
COMPLICATIONS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE LEFT COLONIC NEOPLASTIC OBSTRUCTION WITH CURATIVE INTENTION. DO ENDOSCOPIC STENTS HAVE A PROTECTIVE EFFECT?
Authors: I Couto-Worner, A Guerrero-Montañés, M López-Álvarez, L Yáñez-González-Dopeso, M Teresa Seoane-Pillado, P Alonso-Aguirre
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

To evaluate factors involved in medical and surgical complications in patients with acute colonic obstruction secondary to left colon cancer treated with curative intention. We specifically compared the influence of stents.
Helen Salisbury: Alcohol excess—time for new measures?
Authors: Helen Salisbury
Journal: BMJ (2019)

In a recent issue of The BMJ I was struck by two articles on the same theme12: when industries make money from selling products that cause harm, can we expect them to contribute meaningfully to improving public health? One covered the World Health Organization’s recent instruction to its staff not to engage with the alcohol industry when developing public health policy and to warn governments against such collaboration.

Alcohol is the UK’s leading cause of death among people age 15-49 and is a factor in more than …
ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND GUIDED RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION OF INSULINOMAS IS SAFE AND EFFECTIVE
Authors: A Dancour, AA Benson, J Epshtein, H Jacob, D Wengrower, S Grozinsky-Glasberg, E Goldin, DM Livovsky
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Insulinomas can produce symptomatic hypoglycemia and life threatening events. Complex surgical procedures with morbidity and occasional mortality are the treatment of choice. We aim to present our experience using a minimally invasive approach with a new, through-the-echoendoscope radiofrequency ablation (RFA) device.
Downregulation of immune checkpoints by doxorubicin and carboplatin-containing neoadjuvant regimens in breast cancer: A new insight into the mechanism of induction of antitumor immunity
Authors: S. Sadighi, R. Sharifian, M. Kazemimanesh, A. Muhammadnejad, S. Amanpour, S. Muhammadnejad
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

Background: This study aimed to assess the effects of three doxorubicin, paclitaxel or carboplatin-containing neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and immune checkpoints in a murine model of triple-negative breast cancer (BC). Methods: Syngeneic model of locally-advanced BC was established in immunocompetent mice using 4T1 cell line. Tumor-bearing animals were treated with human-equivalent dosages of doxorubicin, paclitaxel, paclitaxel and carboplatin combination (PCb), and placebo. Infiltration of CD3+, CD8+, and FoxP3+ cells into the tumor were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Expression of immune checkpoints including PD-1, CTLA-4, and TIM-3 were assessed by real-time PCR. Results: In our study, absolute count of CD3+ and CD8+ cells was significantly (p < 0.0001) higher in tumors treated with doxorubicin when compared to the other groups. The relative expression of PD-1 was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in tumors treated with doxorubicin when compared to tumors of the control group. PCb regimen decreased the expression of PD-1 in tumor tissues significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the placebo. Tumors treated with doxorubicin presented significantly (p < 0.05) lower expressions of TIM-3 when compared to the other groups. Conclusions: Our results suggest that neoadjuvant chemotherapy of triple-negative BC with doxorubicin enhances anti-tumor immunity via increased infiltration of TILs. It also seems that doxorubicin inhibits immunosuppression in tumor by down-regulation of PD-1 and TIM-3 immune checkpoints. The study data demonstrate that PCb regimen can also decrease expression of PD-1. The data also raise new questions about the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin or PCb. Legal entity responsible for the study: Deputy of Research - Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Funding: Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Efficacité de la pyloromyotomie endoscopique comme traitement de la gastroparésie refractaire
Authors: S Ghisbain, R Caiazzo, C Baillet, G Piessen, B Pariente, P Wils, R Gérard, J Branche
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

La gastroparésie est une pathologie fonctionnelle digestive dont la prévalence est de 2 à 4%. Elle est caractérisée par un ralentissement de la vidange gastrique en l'absence d'obstacle mécanique. L'efficacité du traitement médical (prokinétique) ou endoscopique (dilatation du pylore, injection de toxine botulique) est faible. La pyloromyotomie endoscopique a montrée une efficacité dans le traitement de la gastroparésie dans plusieurs études publiées depuis 2013. L'objectif de l'étude est d'étudier la faisabilité, la morbidité et l'efficacité de la pyloromyotomie endoscopique dans le traitement de la gastroparésie réfractaire, d'étudier les modifications de la scintigrafie gastrique et de déterminer des facteurs prédictifs d'échec ou de succès.
Re-intervention for recurrent biliary obstruction after endoscopic ultrasound hepaticogastrostomy with partially covered self-expandable metal stent
Authors: Kosuke Maehara, Susumu Hijioka, Shih Yea Sylvia Wu, Akihiro Ohba, Yasunari Sakamoto, Takuji Okusaka, Yutaka Saito
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

The use of the endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) method for malignant biliary stricture has increased. A partially covered self-expandable metal stent (PCSEMS) is often selected for the procedure, and re-intervention is challenging because of the long length of stent protrusion inside the stomach. Several re-intervention methods, including trimming and stent penetration using electrical devices, have been reported [1] [2] [3] [4]; however, the complexity and time-consuming nature of these procedures pose limitations. Here, we report the simplest of novel re-intervention methods for PCSEMS dysfunction after an EUS-HGS.
BLI AND LCI IMPROVE POLYP DETECTION RATE AND DELINEATION ACCURACY FOR DEEP LEARNING NETWORKS
Authors: T Eelbode, C Hassan, I Demedts, P Roelandt, E Coron, P Bhandari, H Neumann, O Pech, A Repici, F Maes, R Bisschops
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Studies have suggested that polyp detection rates can be improved by using other modalities than white-light imaging (WLI) such as linked-color imaging (LCI) from Fujifilm. Our aim is to evaluate the influence of the modality on polyp detection rate and delineation accuracy of an artificial intelligence (AI) system.
Children Exposed to Maternal Obesity or Gestational Diabetes Mellitus During Early Fetal Development Have Hypothalamic Alterations That Predict Future Weight Gain
Authors: Kathleen A. Page, Shan Luo, Xinhui Wang, Ting Chow, Jasmin Alves, Thomas A. Buchanan, Anny H. Xiang
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

OBJECTIVE Exposure in utero to maternal obesity or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is linked to a high risk for obesity in offspring. Animal studies suggest that these exposures disrupt the development of the hypothalamus, a brain region that regulates body weight, predisposing offspring to develop obesity. This study tested the hypothesis in humans that in utero exposure to maternal obesity and/or GDM is associated with alterations in the hypothalamic response to glucose and the altered hypothalamic response would predict greater increases in child adiposity 1 year later. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants were 91 children aged 7–11 years with and without in utero exposure to GDM. Maternal prepregnancy BMI and GDM exposures were determined from electronic medical records. Arterial spin labeling MRI was used to determine the child’s hypothalamic blood flow response to oral glucose. Anthropometric measures were acquired in all children at their initial visit and again 1 year later in a subset of 44 children. RESULTS Children exposed to GDM diagnosed at ≤26 weeks' gestation had increased hypothalamic blood flow (a marker of hypothalamic activation) in response to glucose when compared with unexposed children, and results remained after adjustments for child age, sex, BMI, and maternal prepregnancy BMI. Maternal prepregnancy BMI was positively associated with the child’s hypothalamic response to glucose. Greater hypothalamic response to glucose predicted greater increases in child’s BMI 1 year later. CONCLUSIONS Increased glucose-linked hypothalamic activation during childhood represents a possible mechanism by which exposure to maternal metabolic disorders during fetal development increases future risk for obesity.
SPYING BACK TO STONE AGE, PREPARING FOR THE FUTURE OF BILIARY STONES EXTRACTION – A DECADE LONG EXPERIENCE WITHOUT LIGHT BEAMS
Authors: V Sandru, OM Plotogea, M Ilie, A Constantinescu, B Ungureanu, G Balan, I Moroi, C Rosianu, R Oprita, G Constantinescu
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic extraction methods before the use of cholangioscopy assisted laser and electrohydraulic lithotripsy.
FIRST SUCCESSFUL TRANSPLANTATION OF SMALL INTESTINAL MUCOSA TO THE CERVICAL ESOPHAGUS AFTER CIRCUMFERENTIAL SCAR EXCISION AND VACUUM SPONGE NEO-VASCULARISATION OF THE TRANSPLANTATION BED
Authors: J Hochberger, J Bernhardt, P Koehler, S Koop, M Loss
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

A 62 year old man had undergone curative circumferential tubular endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) from 20 – 27 cm aborally in july 2015 due to an early squamous cell cancer (SCC). Various measures to prevent stricture formation failed.
ENDOSCOPIC MANAGEMENT OF POUCH STRICTURES AFTER ILEO-ANAL POUCH ANASTOMOSIS (IPAA)
Authors: T Emmanouil, N Kontorabdis, IS Papanikolaou, P Evangelides, S Baratsis
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Strictures are one of the most common complications after IPAA (3 – 17%). There may be at the site of ileo-anal anastomosis or at the pouch inlet due to fibrosis or local ischemia. They may result in evacuation problems, pouch dilatation and bacterial overgrowth. Most of them are webs that can be treated by finger dilation or the use of dilators.