tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reactive Artificial Intelligence Using Big Data in the Era of Precision Medicine
Authors: Ankita Kar, Anand Subash, Vishal U. S. Rao
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Sulphasalazine in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: B McConkey, R S Amos, S Durham, P J Forster, S Hubball, L Walsh
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Seventy-four patients with rheumatoid arthritis were treated with sulphasalazine. There was a significant improvement in clinical score, with substantial falls in serum C-reactive protein concentrations and erythrocyte sedimentation rate four weeks after starting the drug. Improvement was maintained in the 38 patients who remained on the drug for one year. The mean Rose-Waaler titre did not change. There was little difference between the results in seropositive and seronegative patients. The commonest adverse effect was dyspepsia, but five patients developed a megaloblastic anaemia and one patient neutropenia; all made a complete recovery. The results suggest that the drug has a disease-modifying action not attributable to its "salicylate" content. The mode of action might be by an antibacterial effect on gut flora.
ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012
Authors: John J.V. McMurray, Stamatis Adamopoulos, Stefan D. Anker, Angelo Auricchio, Michael Böhm, Kenneth Dickstein, Volkmar Falk, Gerasimos Filippatos, Cândida Fonseca, Miguel Angel Gomez‐Sanchez, Tiny Jaarsma, Lars Køber, Gregory Y.H. Lip, Aldo Pietro Maggioni, Alexander Parkhomenko, Burkert M. Pieske, Bogdan A. Popescu, Per K. Rønnevik, Frans H. Rutten, Juerg Schwitter, Petar Seferovic, Janina Stepinska, Pedro T. Trindade, Adriaan A. Voors, Faiez Zannad, Andreas Zeiher, Jeroen J. Bax, Helmut Baumgartner, Claudio Ceconi, Veronica Dean, Christi Deaton, Robert Fagard, Christian Funck‐Brentano, David Hasdai, Arno Hoes, Paulus Kirchhof, Juhani Knuuti, Philippe Kolh, Theresa McDonagh, Cyril Moulin, Bogdan A. Popescu, Željko Reiner, Udo Sechtem, Per Anton Sirnes, Michal Tendera, Adam Torbicki, Alec Vahanian, Stephan Windecker, Theresa McDonagh, Udo Sechtem, Luis Almenar Bonet, Panayiotis Avraamides, Hisham A. Ben Lamin, Michele Brignole, Antonio Coca, Peter Cowburn, Henry Dargie, Perry Elliott, Frank Arnold Flachskampf, Guido Francesco Guida, Suzanna Hardman, Bernard Iung, Bela Merkely, Christian Mueller, John N. Nanas, Olav Wendelboe Nielsen, Stein Ørn, John T. Parissis, Piotr Ponikowski
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
Functional and genetic testing in adults with HLH reveals an inflammatory profile rather than a cytotoxicity defect
Authors: Julien Carvelli, Christelle Piperoglou, Catherine Farnarier, Frédéric Vely, Karin Mazodier, Sandra Audonnet, Patrick Nitschke, Christine Bole-Feysot, Mohamed Boucekine, Audrey Cambon, Mohamed Hamidou, Jean-Robert Harle, Geneviève de Saint Basile, Gilles Kaplanski
Journal: Blood (2020)
Estimated Demand for US Hospital Inpatient and Intensive Care Unit Beds for Patients With COVID-19 Based on Comparisons With Wuhan and Guangzhou, China
Authors: Ruoran Li, Caitlin Rivers, Qi Tan, Megan B. Murray, Eric Toner, Marc Lipsitch
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Sustained spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has happened in major US cities. Capacity needs in cities in China could inform the planning of local health care resources.
Decreased Hypothalamic Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion in Male Marathon Runners
Authors: Susan E. MacConnie, Ariel Barkan, Richard M. Lampman, M. Anthony Schork, Inese Z. Beitins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to a deficiency in hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone is common in female athletes ("hypothalamic amenorrhea"). It is not known, however, whether a similar phenomenon occurs in male athletes. We investigated the integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in six highly trained male marathon runners (who were running 125 to 200 km per week). The mean (±SEM) frequency of spontaneous luteinizing hormone pulses was diminished in the runners, as compared with healthy controls (2.2±0.48 vs. 3.6±0.24 pulses per eight hours, P<0.05). The amplitude of the pulses was also low in the runners (0.9±0.24 vs. 1.6±0.15 mIU per milliliter; P<0.05), and the responses of luteinizing hormone to gradually increasing doses of exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone were decreased. Plasma testosterone levels were similar in the two groups and increased equally in response to an intramuscular injection of 2000 units of human chorionic gonadotropin. During short-term intense physical exercise (a treadmill run at 72 percent of maximal oxygen consumption for two hours), the plasma gonadotropin levels in the athletes remained stable, but significant elevations in plasma levels of cortisol, prolactin, and testosterone occurred. We conclude that highly trained male athletes, like their female counterparts, may have a deficiency of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone. This condition may be caused, by the prolonged, repetitive elevations of gonadal steroids and other hormones known to suppress gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion that are elicited by their daily exercise. (N Engl J Med 1986; 315:411–7.)
Reply to S.A. Milgrom et al
Authors: Lisa S. Kahalley, Rachel Peterson, M. Douglas Ris, Laura Janzen, M. Fatih Okcu, David R. Grosshans, Vijay Ramaswamy, Arnold C. Paulino, David Hodgson, Anita Mahajan, Derek S. Tsang, Normand Laperriere, William E. Whitehead, Robert C. Dauser, Michael D. Taylor, Eric Bouffet, Murali Chintagumpala, Donald Mabbott
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)
What constitutes a “clinically significant” bronchodilator response in children?
Authors: Fatma Guezguez, Helmi Ben Saad
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>The worldwide disagreement with regard to what constitutes a "clinically significant" BDR has long been a source of confusion for clinicians and can hinder an appropriate asthma diagnosis and therefore "disturb" its management</b>http://bit.ly/2VONQhR
More on Barrier Enclosure during Endotracheal Intubation
Authors: Pete G Kovatsis, Clyde T Matava, James M Peyton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

More on Barrier Enclosure during Endotracheal IntubationTo the Editor: We think the barrier enclosure described in the letter by Canelli and coworkers (published online in the Journal on April 3) 1 decreases rather than increases safety, especially under emergency conditions.The authors briefly mention that their "aerosol box" restricts hand movement.This restriction is true both for the person performing intubation and for assistants, and it must not be understated.Also, heavy and bulky plexiglass is difficult to carry and position or reposition in emergency situations.These operator conditions are especially worrisome for patients with rapid desaturation, those who are difficult to intubate, or both, since they frequently require quick, additional manipulations and rescue mask ventilation between intubation attempts.The aerosol box also introduces another contaminated device that must be properly handled during use and disinfected between uses to prevent cross-contamination.The box probably redirects droplets and aerosols toward the foot of the bed, and all staff in the room are still exposed to them; thus, the authors' model is inaccurate.We think this technique is unvalidated, does not reduce risk, and probably has unintended safety consequences.
OWE-005 Performance indicators in colonoscopy after certification for independent practice: outcomes and predictors of competence
Authors: Keith Siau, James Hodson, Steve Ward, Paul Dunckley
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Robust real-world performance data of newly-independent colonoscopists are lacking. In the UK, provisional colonoscopy certification (PCC) often marks the transition from training to newly-independent practice. We aimed to assess changes in key performance indicators (KPIs) such as caecal intubation rate (CIR) in the periods pre- and post-PCC, with particular interest in rates and predictors of trainees exhibiting a drop in performance (DIP), defined as CIR &lt;90% in the first 50 procedures post-PCC. <h3>Methods</h3> A prospective UK-wide observational study of e-Portfolio colonoscopy entries (n=257,800) from trainees awarded PCC between July 2011–2016 was undertaken. Moving average analyses were used to study KPI trends relative to PCC. Pre-PCC trainee, trainer and training environment factors were compared between DIP and non-DIP cohorts to identify predictors of DIP. <h3>Results</h3> 733 trainees from 180 centres were awarded PCC after a median of 265 procedures and 3.1 years. Throughout the early post-PCC period, average CIR was maintained above the national 90%+standard. Despite this, not all trainees achieved this standard in the post-PCC period, with DIP observed in 18.4%. DIP was not found to be influenced by trainer presence, and diminished after 100 additional procedures. On multivariable analysis, pre-PCC factors predictive of DIP included: lower CIR, higher polyp detection rate, and non-medical endoscopist predominant trainer specialty. Trainees with DIP also incurred higher post-PCC rates of moderate-severe discomfort and lower terminal ileal intubation. Overall, trainee KPIs met JAG standards in the lead-up to PCC, and generally remained stable or improved subsequently during the post-PCC period of newly-independent practice (figure 1). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The current PCC requirements are suitable for diagnostic colonoscopy. It is possible to identify predictors of underperforming trainees, which may be of value to training leads to direct additional monitoring and support.
Lymphoscintigraphy in the Management of Lymphatic Disorders
Authors: Ramin Sadeghi, Hasan Ravari
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

The lymphatic system constitutes an important part of the human body, and its disorders can cause serious health problems. Nuclear medicine procedures (e.g., lymphoscintigraphy) play an important role in the management of lymphatic disorders. They can also play an important role in the early diagnosis of lymphedema, in the assessment of lymphedema's response to treatment, and in the evaluation of the integrity of the lymphatic system. In this chapter, general aspects of lymphoscintigraphy and its diagnostic importance in the management of lymphedema have been discussed, including various radiopharmaceuticals, injection techniques, imaging parameters, quantitative and qualitative interpretation criteria, etc.
PTH-029 UGI cancers – are we looking?
Authors: Vivek Goodoory, Lian Hodges, Benjamin Crooks, Mark Murgatroyd, Helen White, Tom Butler, Javaid Iqbal
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Oesophago-gastric (OG) cancers in the UK often present at an advanced stage, and hence reduced chance of curative therapy. A recent meta-analysis involving 3787 patients with OG cancer has shown that 11.3% OG cancers are missed at endoscopy 3 years before diagnosis. Recent guidelines from the BSG recommend that endoscopy units should audit for potential missed pathology in those diagnosed who have undergone an endoscopy in the preceding 3 years. <h3>Methods</h3> This was a retrospective audit at a regional upper gastrointestinal centre reviewing all cases presenting with OG cancer over a 2 year period between Sept 2015 and Sept 2017. Data was collected from the electronic database, case notes and the GI reporting tool, in all patients to ascertain if an OGD was performed within 3 years prior to diagnosis. This included site of cancer, stage, endoscopist, probable reason for missed pathology and assessment of certain KPI's pertaining to the endoscopy. <h3>Results</h3> 105 patients were diagnosed with OG cancers during this period. Median age 74 years; M:F 69:31; Oesophageal 60%:stomach 40%. Twenty-two patients (21%) had an OGD in the 3 years prior to their index (diagnostic) OGD; 11 (10.5%) were deemed 'not missed' cancers because there were valid reasons for repeating an endoscopy; and 11 (10.5%) were thought to represent 'missed' opportunities of diagnosing cancer in the preceding 3 years. The median time interval between the 1 st OGD and index OGD were 20 and 270 days for 'not-missed' and 'missed' groups respectively. Possible reasons for missed cancer were lack of lesion recognition (5/46%), dual pathology (1/9%), technical limitations of OGD (1/9%) or a combination of factors (4/36%). Adequacy of mucosal visualisation was not photo-documented in 64% of cases. The main reason for early repeat endoscopy in the 'non-missed' group was a high index of suspicion of pathology on initial OGD without any histological confirmation. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A missed cancer rate of 10.5% in a regional upper GI centre is similar to published rates in a recent meta-analysis but does not achieve the minimal standard of &lt;10% set by the BSG. These results were discussed at the EUGM and various measures being undertaken to reduce this include: modifications to optimise visualisation (simethicone pre-procedure), rigorous photo-documentation, dedicated surveillance lists eg. Barretts. This will be re-audited in 3 years.
Large-scale imputation of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor copy number in psoriatic arthritis
Authors: R Ahn, D Vukcevic, A Motyer, D Ellinghaus, LC Tsoi, RP Nair, C Palmer, J Oksenberg, J Foerster, JT Elder, A Franke, S Leslie, W Liao
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2017)
Diaphragm motion and lung function prediction in patients operated for lung cancer - A pilot study on 27 patients
Authors: Dragan Subotic, Ruza Stevic, Milan Gajic, Radomir Vesovic
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Objectives: the influence of the diaphragm motion to the postoperative lung function prediction is unclear. Methods: Prospective study on 27 patients operated for lung cancer. Diaphragm movements were assessed radiographically and ultrasonography before the operation and on discharge. The relation between diaphragm movements and differences between ppo FEV1 and postoperative FEV1, was analysed by expressing diaphragm movements as preoperative diaphragm amplituides, preop.-postoperative amplitude differences or in relation to fixed intrathoracic distances. Results: The mean difference between preopeative and postop. diaphragm amplitudes of the diseased side was 2.42±1.25 cm and 2.11±2.04 cm when measured radiographically and by ultra sound respectively (p> 0.05). A positive correlation was found for the entire group only between the patients’ height and the differences ppo FEV1 - actual FEV1: the prediction was more unprecise in taller patients. With the cut-off value of 550 ml for differences between ppo FEV1 and actual FEV1, a significant inverse correlation was found only if the preoperative ipsilateral diaphragm amplitude was presented as a percentage of the preoperative apex-base distance in inspiration. For right-sided tumours, the greater the difference between preoperative and postoperative ipsilateral diaphragm amplitudes, the greater discrepancy between predicted and actual postop. FEV1. For left-sided tumours, inverse correlation existed if the preoperative diaphragm amplitude was presented as a percentage of the preoperative distance apex-base. Conclusions: diaphragm movements influence the accuracy of the postoperative lung function prediction.
Streptomycin in Non-tuberculous Infections
Authors: C. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1948)

B]sprolonged at one side.In all cases the cytoplasm was markedly eosinophilic, and suitable staining revealed well-marked crossstriations (Fig. 3) in some cells, with longitudinal striations iri others.In the multinucleate forms the striations tended to be concentric.There were numerous mitotic figures.The vascular supply was rich and tended to be sinusoidal.The supporting stroma was scanty, and there was a rich reticulum arranged around columns of cells as well as around individual cells.The histological appearance was that of a rhabdomyosarcoma.Sections of the metastases in the liver showed an identical appearance.I wish to thank Mr. J. W. Riddoch, honorary surgeon, in whose charge this patient was treated, for encouragement to publish this case; Dr. A. G
Skipping of exon 10 in<i> Axl</i> pre-mRNA regulated by PTBP1 mediates invasion and metastasis process of liver cancer cells
Authors: Lianghua Shen, Sijia Lei, Bin Zhang, Shuaiguang Li, Luyuan Huang, Alexander Czachor, Mason Breitzig, Yuman Gao, Meiyan Huang, Xuemei Mo, Qing Zheng, Hanxiao Sun, Feng Wang
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

The Axl gene is known to encode for a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the metastasis process of cancer.In this study, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanism of Axl alternative splicing.Methods: The expression levels of PTBP1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues were obtained from TCGA samples and cell lines.The effect of Axl-L, Axl-S, and PTBP1 on cell growth, migration, invasion tumor formation, and metastasis of liver cancer cells were measured by cell proliferation, wound-healing, invasion, xenograft tumor formation, and metastasis.Interaction between PTBP1 and Axl was explored using cross-link immunoprecipitation, RNA pull-down assays and RNA immunoprecipitation assays.Results: Knockdown of the PTBP1 and exon 10 skipping isoform of Axl (Axl-S), led to impaired invasion and metastasis in hepatoma cells.Immunoprecipitation results indicated that Axl-S protein binds more robustly with Gas6 ligand than Axl-L (exon 10 including) and is more capable of promoting phosphorylation of ERK and AKT proteins.Furthermore, cross-link immunoprecipitation and RNA-pulldown assays revealed that PTBP1 binds to the polypyrimidine sequence (TCCTCTCTGTCCTTTCTTC) on Axl-Intron 9. MS2-GFP-IP experiments demonstrated that PTBP1 competes with U2AF2 for binding to the aforementioned polypyrimidine sequence, thereby inhibiting alternative splicing and ultimately promoting Axl-S production.Conclusion: Our results highlight the biological significance of Axl-S and PTBP1 in tumor metastasis, and show that PTBP1 affects the invasion and metastasis of hepatoma cells by modulating the alternative splicing of Axl exon 10.
Family Caregiving for Individuals With Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Lisa Kitko, Colleen K. McIlvennan, Julie T. Bidwell, J. Nicholas Dionne-Odom, Shannon M. Dunlay, Lisa M. Lewis, Ginny Meadows, Elisabeth L.P. Sattler, Richard Schulz, Anna Strömberg
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Many individuals living with heart failure (HF) rely on unpaid support from their partners, family members, friends, or neighbors as caregivers to help manage their chronic disease. Given the advancements in treatments and devices for patients with HF, caregiving responsibilities have expanded in recent decades to include more intensive care for increasingly precarious patients with HF-tasks that would previously have been undertaken by healthcare professionals in clinical settings. The specific tasks of caregivers of patients with HF vary widely based on the patient's symptoms and comorbidities, the relationship between patient and caregiver, and the complexity of the treatment regimen. Effects of caregiving on the caregiver and patient range from physical and psychological to financial. Therefore, it is critically important to understand the needs of caregivers to support the increasingly complex medical care they provide to patients living with HF. This scientific statement synthesizes the evidence pertaining to caregiving of adult individuals with HF in order to (1) characterize the HF caregiving role and how it changes with illness trajectory; (2) describe the financial, health, and well-being implications of caregiving in HF; (3) evaluate HF caregiving interventions to support caregiver and patient outcomes; (4) summarize existing policies and resources that support HF caregivers; and (5) identify knowledge gaps and future directions for providers, investigators, health systems, and policymakers.
The Role of Antigen Spreading in the Efficacy of Immunotherapies
Authors: Peter Brossart
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract The introduction and the unexpected efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) and more recently of chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T-cells) in the treatment of malignant diseases boosted the efforts in the development and clinical application of immunotherapeutic approaches. However, the definition of predictive factors associated with clinical responses as well as the identification of underlying mechanisms that promote the therapeutic efficacy remain to be determined. Starting from the first immunotherapeutic trials, it became evident that vaccine-induced tumor-specific T cells or the adoptive transfer of ex vivo–expanded T lymphocytes can recognize and eliminate malignant cells leading to long-lasting remissions in some patients. In addition, a phenomenon called epitope spreading, which was observed in responding patients, seemed to increase the efficiency possibly representing an important predictive factor. This review will focus on experimental and clinical evidence for the induction of epitope spreading and its role in the maintenance of an efficient antitumor immune response in cancer immunotherapy.
Systemic sclerosis and the COVID-19 pandemic: World Scleroderma Foundation preliminary advice for patient management
Authors: Marco Matucci-Cerinic, Cosimo Bruni, Yannick Allanore, Massimo Clementi, Lorenzo Dagna, Nemanja S Damjanov, Amato de Paulis, Christopher P Denton, Oliver Distler, David Fox, Daniel E Furst, Dinesh Khanna, Thomas Krieg, Masataka Kuwana, Eun Bong Lee, Mengtao Li, Shiv Pillai, Yukai Wang, Xiaofeng Zeng, Gloria Taliani
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Due to the frequent presence of interstitial lung disease and widespread use of immunosuppressive treatment, systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients may be considered at risk for a more severe disease course and higher mortality when they develop Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Coronavirus - 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus infection. Therefore, with World Scleroderma Foundation endorsement, experts from different specialties including rheumatology, virology and clinical immunology gathered virtually to answer to the main practical clinical questions regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection coming from both patients and physicians. This preliminary advice is aligned with other national and international recommendations, adapted for SSc patients.