tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sunscreen photoprotection and vitamin D status
Authors: T. Passeron, R. Bouillon, V. Callender, T. Cestari, T.L. Diepgen, A.C. Green, J.C. van der Pols, B.A. Bernard, F. Ly, F. Bernerd, L. Marrot, M. Nielsen, M. Verschoore, N.G. Jablonski, A.R. Young
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

Global concern about vitamin D deficiency has fuelled debates on photoprotection and the importance of solar exposure to meet vitamin D requirements. To review the published evidence to reach a consensus on the influence of photoprotection by sunscreens on vitamin D status, considering other relevant factors. An international panel of 13 experts in endocrinology, dermatology, photobiology, epidemiology and biological anthropology reviewed the literature prior to a 1‐day meeting in June 2017, during which the evidence was discussed. Methods of assessment and determining factors of vitamin D status, and public health perspectives were examined and consequences of sun exposure and the effects of photoprotection were assessed. A serum level of ≥ 50 nmol L−1 25(OH)D is a target for all individuals. Broad‐spectrum sunscreens that prevent erythema are unlikely to compromise vitamin D status in healthy populations. Vitamin D screening should be restricted to those at risk of hypovitaminosis, such as patients with photosensitivity disorders, who require rigorous photoprotection. Screening and supplementation are advised for this group. Sunscreen use for daily and recreational photoprotection does not compromise vitamin D synthesis, even when applied under optimal conditions. What's already known about this topic? Knowledge of the relationship between solar exposure behaviour, sunscreen use and vitamin D is important for public health but there is confusion about optimal vitamin D status and the safest way to achieve this. Practical recommendations on the potential impact of daily and/or recreational sunscreens on vitamin D status are lacking for healthy people. What does this study add? Judicious use of daily broad‐spectrum sunscreens with high ultraviolet (UV) A protection will not compromise vitamin D status in healthy people. However, photoprotection strategies for patients with photosensitivity disorders that include high sun‐protection factor sunscreens with high UVA protection, along with protective clothing and shade‐seeking behaviour are likely to compromise vitamin D status. Screening for vitamin D status and supplementation are recommended in patients with photosensitivity disorders.
Abstract P1-14-03: Withdrawn
Authors: D Dodwell, S Lawton, K Wong, C Twelves
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract This abstract was withdrawn by the authors. Citation Format: Dodwell D, Lawton S, Wong K, Twelves C. Withdrawn [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-14-03.
Abstract P3-06-21: Withdrawn
Authors: S Minhas, V Veldore, V Ramprasad, M Ganvir, S Aggarwal
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract This abstract was withdrawn by the authors. Citation Format: Minhas S, Veldore V, Ramprasad V, Ganvir M, Aggarwal S. Withdrawn [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-06-21.
Gene delivery to the rat retina by non-viral vectors based on chloroquine-containing cationic niosomes
Authors: Mohamed Mashal, Noha Attia, Gema Martínez-Navarrete, Cristina Soto-Sánchez, Eduardo Fernández, Santiago Grijalvo, Ramón Eritja, Gustavo Puras, Jose Luis Pedraz
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2019)
Rebranding disease: a rose by any other name
Authors: Eva Dumann
Journal: BMJ (2013)

I recently read an article that made me shake my head in disbelief. In the July 2013 issue of Psychological Medicine , Bill George and Aadt Klijn (foreign affairs coordinators at Anoiksis, a Dutch society for “people with mental vulnerability”) advocated the rebranding of schizophrenia as psychotic susceptibility syndrome (PSS), as they believed that the term schizophrenia was “out of date and out of touch with modern scientific insight into the condition.”1 PSS is the second proposition in a lengthy discussion, as the winner of a 2009 rebranding competition, dysfunctional perception syndrome (DPS), never caught on in psychiatric textbooks. The new term is meant to improve the image of the disease and reduce stigma, including self stigmatisation, by emphasising that affected people are not in a permanent psychotic state.

My first …
Mesothelin-Targeted Thorium-227 Conjugate (MSLN-TTC): Preclinical Evaluation of a New Targeted Alpha Therapy for Mesothelin-Positive Cancers
Authors: Urs B. Hagemann, Christine Ellingsen, Joachim Schuhmacher, Alexander Kristian, Anne Mobergslien, Véronique Cruciani, Katrine Wickstroem, Christoph A. Schatz, Christoph Kneip, Sven Golfier, Roger Smeets, Steinar Uran, Hartwig Hennekes, Jenny Karlsson, Roger M. Bjerke, Olav B. Ryan, Dominik Mumberg, Karl Ziegelbauer, Alan S. Cuthbertson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Purpose: Targeted thorium-227 conjugates (TTC) represent a new class of molecules for targeted alpha therapy (TAT). Covalent attachment of a 3,2-HOPO chelator to an antibody enables specific complexation and delivery of the alpha particle emitter thorium-227 to tumor cells. Because of the high energy and short penetration range, TAT efficiently induces double-strand DNA breaks (DSB) preferentially in the tumor cell with limited damage to the surrounding tissue. We present herein the preclinical evaluation of a mesothelin (MSLN)-targeted thorium-227 conjugate, BAY 2287411. MSLN is a GPI-anchored membrane glycoprotein overexpressed in mesothelioma, ovarian, pancreatic, lung, and breast cancers with limited expression in healthy tissue. Experimental Design: The binding activity and radiostability of BAY 2287411 were confirmed bioanalytically. The mode-of-action and antitumor potency of BAY 2287411 were investigated in vitro and in vivo in cell line and patient-derived xenograft models of breast, colorectal, lung, ovarian, and pancreatic cancer. Results: BAY 2287411 induced DSBs, apoptotic markers, and oxidative stress, leading to reduced cellular viability. Furthermore, upregulation of immunogenic cell death markers was observed. BAY 2287411 was well-tolerated and demonstrated significant antitumor efficacy when administered via single or multiple dosing regimens in vivo. In addition, significant survival benefit was observed in a disseminated lung cancer model. Biodistribution studies showed specific uptake and retention of BAY 2287411 in tumors and enabled the development of a mechanistic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model to describe the preclinical data. Conclusions: These promising preclinical results supported the transition of BAY 2287411 into a clinical phase I program in mesothelioma and ovarian cancer patients (NCT03507452).
Association between Apgar scores of 7 to 9 and neonatal mortality and morbidity: population based cohort study of term infants in Sweden
Authors: Neda Razaz, Sven Cnattingius, KS Joseph
Journal: BMJ (2019)

To investigate associations between Apgar scores of 7, 8, and 9 (versus 10) at 1, 5, and 10 minutes, and neonatal mortality and morbidity.Population based cohort study.Sweden.1 551 436 non-malformed live singleton infants, born at term (≥37 weeks' gestation) between 1999 and 2016, with Apgar scores of ≥7 at 1, 5, and 10 minutes.Infants with Apgar scores of 7, 8, and 9 at 1, 5, and 10 minutes were compared with those with an Apgar score of 10 at 1, 5, and 10 minutes, respectively.Neonatal mortality and morbidity, including neonatal infections, asphyxia related complications, respiratory distress, and neonatal hypoglycaemia. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR), adjusted rate differences (aRD), and 95% confidence intervals were estimated.Compared with infants with an Apgar score of 10, aORs for neonatal mortality, neonatal infections, asphyxia related complications, respiratory distress, and neonatal hypoglycaemia were higher among infants with lower Apgar scores, especially at 5 and 10 minutes. For example, the aORs for respiratory distress for an Apgar score of 9 versus 10 were 2.0 (95% confidence interval 1.9 to 2.1) at 1 minute, 5.2 (5.1 to 5.4) at 5 minutes, and 12.4 (12.0 to 12.9) at 10 minutes. Compared with an Apgar score of 10 at 10 minutes, the aRD for respiratory distress was 9.5% (95% confidence interval 9.2% to 9.9%) for an Apgar score of 9 at 10 minutes, and 41.9% (37.7% to 46.4%) for an Apgar score of 7 at 10 minutes. A reduction in Apgar score from 10 at 5 minutes to 9 at 10 minutes was also associated with higher odds of neonatal morbidity, compared with a stable Apgar score of 10 at 5 and 10 minutes.In term non-malformed infants with Apgar scores within the normal range (7 to 10), risks of neonatal mortality and morbidity are higher among infants with lower Apgar score values, and also among those experiencing a reduction in score from 5 minutes to 10 minutes (compared with infants with stable Apgar scores of 10).
Abstract 20176: Partial Occlusion With REBOA Strategy for Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock Patients Would Be Feasible and Safe, but Available for Only Lower Physiological Severity Patients Compared With Full Occlusion Treatment Cases
Authors: Tomohiko Orita, Tomohiro Funabiki, Shokei Matsumoto, Masayuki Shimizu, Taku Akashi, Nao Hiroe, Tetsu Sasaki, Taku Kazamaki, Yoshimi Nakamichi, Saori Kurata, Motoyasu Yamazaki, Mitsuhide Kitano
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Recently, REBOA (Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta) for a traumatic hemorrhagic shock patient has been drawing international attention as one of the first-line...
Abstract P4-14-04: Time course changes in serum FSH, estradiol, and menstruation restoration in premenopausal patients with breast cancer taking adjuvant tamoxifen after completing chemotherapy: A report from the ASTRRA study
Authors: HJ Kim, WC Noh, SJ Nam, B-w Park, ES Lee, SA Im, YS Jung, JH Yoon, SS Kang, KH Park, S-J Lee, J Jung, MH Lee, SH Cho, SY Kim, H-A Kim, S-H Han, W Han, MH Hur, SH Ahn
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract BACKGROUND Assessment of restoration of ovarian function after chemotherapy is critical with respect to the initiation of different types of endocrine treatment in young high risk breast cancer patients METHODS In total, 1289 women who remained premenopausal or resumed premenopausal status after chemotherapy were randomized to receive 5 years of tamoxifen or 5 years of tamoxifen plus 2 years of ovarian suppression. The patients who did not resume menstruation were followed up for 2 years with tamoxifen treatment after finishing chemotherapy. Prospectively collected consecutive post-chemotherapy hormone and menstruation data were available for 705 breast cancer patients who enrolled tamoxifen-only treatment group or did not resume menstruation during follow up. This analysis evaluated the proportion of patients with pre-menopausal FSH levels (&amp;lt;30 mIU/ml), E2 levels (340 pg/ml), and menstruation at any time point during treatment with tamoxifen. RESULTS During 5 years of tamoxifen treatment after chemotherapy for premenopausal breast cancer patients, 62% of patients resumed menstruation. Menstruation returned in 92% of patients under 35 years old but only in 31% of patients over 45 years old. Ovarian function, defined by serum FSH and E2 levels, resumed in 94% and 65% of patients, respectively, over 5 years. Most patients achieved ovarian function restoration during the first 2 years after chemotherapy, with 47.1% resuming menstruation and 86.2% and 50.3% achieving pre-menopausal FSH and E2 levels, respectively, in the first 2 years. Clinical factors related to menstruation restoration were younger age (HR = 6.38, 95% CI 1.33-3.47), 6 month hormone profile after chemotherapy (FSH&amp;lt;30: HR=1.67, 95% CI 1.28-2.17; E2 &amp;gt;40: HR=2.96, 95% CI 2.25-3.89), and anthracycline without taxane chemotherapy (HR=1.63, 95% CI 1.25-2.13). CONCLUSIONS During 5 years of tamoxifen treatment after chemotherapy, half of patients experienced menstruation restoration, including most very young patients under 35 years. The majority of patients experienced menstruation restoration in the first 2 years of tamoxifen treatment. Citation Format: Kim HJ, Noh WC, Nam SJ, Park B-w, Lee ES, Im SA, Jung YS, Yoon JH, Kang SS, Park KH, Lee S-J, Jung J, Lee MH, Cho SH, Kim SY, Kim H-A, Han S-H, Han W, Hur MH, Ahn SH. Time course changes in serum FSH, estradiol, and menstruation restoration in premenopausal patients with breast cancer taking adjuvant tamoxifen after completing chemotherapy: A report from the ASTRRA study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-14-04.
EARLY GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE FUNDIC GLAND (CHIEF CELL PREDOMINANT TYPE): A NEW CHALLENGE FOR AN ENDOSCOPIST AND A PATHOLOGIST
Authors: R Kuvaev, S Kashin, E Kraynova, K Yao, T Yao
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

A 65-year-old female patient was referred to Yaroslavl Regional Cancer Hospital for screening upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. A 6 mm elevated lesion at the greater curvature of the upper part of gastric body was detected. The lesion had a poorly demarcated border and a whitish regular surface with dilated branching vessels by conventional white light imaging (WLI) endoscopy. Magnifying narrow-band imaging (M-NBI) observation of the lesion identified the indistinct demarcation line with a regular microsurface and a microvessel pattern. No atrophic changes were confirmed at the background gastric mucosa, Helicobacter pylori infection was not detected. Target forceps biopsy was taken for histological assessment of the lesion. Histology showed carcinoma mimicking the normal gastric fundic glands with an irregular branching structure. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed for en-bloc resection of the lesion. Histological examination of the post-ESD specimen showed well-differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland (GAFG) with submucosal invasion < 500 micrometers (sm1). The tumor was located in the deep region of the fundic gland and was totally covered by non-neoplastic foveolar epithelium. Immunohistochemically, the lesion had diffuse positivity for pepsinogen I (chief cell differentiation), and focal positivity for H+/K+-ATPase (parietal cell differentiation) suggesting a chief cell-predominant type of a cancer. Endoscopic resection was assessed as complete (R0) with negative horizontal and vertical margins of the specimen, no lymphatic and venous infiltration were found. GAFG is a rarely diagnosed gastric neoplasm of oxyntic mucosa which is considered to be a limitation for M-NBI diagnosis and therefore should be identified by careful WLI endoscopy only [Ueyama et al., 2014]. A recent literature search through PubMed was conducted to obtain 111 cases of GAFG (mainly from Japan) [ Benedict et al., 2018]. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of this type of gastric cancer in Russia and Europe.
Abstract P6-05-09: Exosome microRNA contents are altered during breast cancer progression
Authors: BN Hannafon, AL Gin, F Behbod, W-Q Ding
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background: The progression of breast cancer involves the transformation of normal mammary epithelial cells to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive breast cancer (IBC). This process is initiated by genetic alterations and characterized by changes to gene expression programs and microenvironmental alterations. However, the specific drivers of DCIS progression to IBC are not well understood nor has an indicator of progression been identified. Exosomes are small secretory vesicles that can contribute to cancer progression by transferring oncogenic factors, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), to surrounding cells in the tumor microenvironment, and enter the circulation to act at distant sites. miRNAs are short noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of a target messenger RNA (mRNA). Altered regulation by miRNAs is implicated in cancer progression. In this study, we sought to characterize the exosome miRNAs in the MCF10 isogenic model of breast cancer progression in order to identify potential drivers of breast cancer. Methods: Exosomes were isolated from the conditioned media of the MCF10 isogenic cell line model of breast cancer progression representing the following stages: normal, benign proliferative, carcinoma in situ, and invasive carcinoma. RNA was extracted from the exosomes and next generation RNA sequencing was performed. Exosome miRNA expression was validated in breast cancer cell lines and in plasma exosomes collected from a mouse-intraductal transplantation (MIND) model implanted with MCF10DCIS.com (DCIS) cells that can mimic human DCIS progression in vivo. Results: Comparisons were made between differentially expressed miRNAs among each condition (fold change &amp;gt;1.5; Kruskal-Wallis p&amp;lt;0.05,). Twenty-nine miRNAs were differentially expressed among invasive and DCIS exosomes. The expression of 5 oncogenic miRNAs (miR-30c-5p, -210, -182-5p, -200c-3p, and -200b-3p) were consistently increased, while 2 tumor suppressive miRNAs (miR-423-5p and -92b-3p) were consistently decreased with invasive progression. Exosome miRNA expression was confirmed in breast cancer cell lines and mouse plasma exosomes. Conclusion: This work demonstrates that the microRNA contents of exosomes change upon malignant transformation to invasive breast cancer and indicate that certain exosome microRNAs are consistently up- or down-regulated and may contribute to breast cancer progression. Citation Format: Hannafon BN, Gin AL, Behbod F, Ding W-Q. Exosome microRNA contents are altered during breast cancer progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-05-09.
Non-invasive ventilation
Authors: Alex Wickham, Michelle Harley, Richard Leach
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Treating respiratory failure without intubation Non-invasive ventilation is a valuable treatment for respiratory failure. Recently it has been employed in non-critical care settings in some UK hospitals and, as such, is often encountered in foundation year 1, especially in respiratory jobs. Non-invasive ventilation receives minimal teaching during undergraduate training, but it is important to have a basic understanding of what it is, how it works, the indications and contraindications, and some practicalities of its use. #### Box 1: Advantages and disadvantages of non-invasive ventilation ##### Advantages ##### Disadvantages Non-invasive ventilation refers to assisted ventilation without the need for an endotracheal tube, tracheostomy, or laryngeal mask airway. It is most commonly administered as positive pressure ventilation (on which this article focuses) via face masks, helmets, or nasal masks. Negative pressure ventilation—for example, using the iron lung—was used to support respiratory paralysis secondary to poliomyelitis and is still used in some specialist units. Commonly used modes of positive pressure non-invasive ventilation include:
Minor eye trauma
Authors: Felicity Avann, Andrew Curran, Raymond Radford
Journal: BMJ (2010)

How to manage most eye injuries In the United States 8-13 eye injuries occur per 1000 people a year.1 Most eye injuries in patients who present to the emergency department are minor. Common causes are sporting incidents, assaults, road traffic collisions, and occupational injuries.2 We explore minor eye injuries that medical students and junior doctors should be able to diagnose and manage in the emergency department. We do not cover major eye trauma, which requires immediate referral to an ophthalmologist (box 1).3 Remember that minor injuries can coexist with severe eye injuries. #### Box 1: When to refer eye trauma to an ophthalmologist A thorough ophthalmic history (including box 2) needs to find out the nature of the injury, especially if it may have involved a sharp or high speed object, which could have penetrated the eyeball. For example, hammering metal against metal should raise a high index of suspicion because high speed fragments of metal can easily penetrate the cornea and can be easily missed on routine examination. Find out if any first aid, such as eye irrigation, was carried out after the incident. Ask about any previous ocular conditions, injuries, or surgery, and take a general medical and drug history.4 The ophthalmic examination (box 3) may be aided by instilling local anaesthetic drops. Examination should also include looking and feeling for facial bone fractures, otorrhoea, rhinorrhoea, septal deviation, and haematomas.4 #### Box 2: Ophthalmic history
Abstract P2-08-37: The prognostic impact of synaptojanin 2 expression in estrogen receptor α-positive breast cancer patients
Authors: S Nishikawa, N Kondo, Y Wanifuchi-Endo, T Hisada, Y Uemoto, Y Katagiri, Y Dong, H Kato, S Takahashi, T Toyama
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background: Synaptojanin 2 (SYNJ2) was reported to be a druggable mediator of metastasis. It is overexpressed and amplified in breast cancer, particularly estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancer. SYNJ2 was also shown to promote cell migration and invasion in breast cancer xenograft cultures and lung metastasis in mice. Here, we investigated SYNJ2 mRNA expression in breast cancer patients during long-term follow-up. Materials and methods: A total of 434 invasive breast cancer tissues were analyzed for SYNJ2mRNA expression using TaqMan PCR, and the correlation of this expression with patient clinicopathological factors was determined. We also examined the expression of markers associated with tumor-initiating capacity, such as SNAI1, SNAI2, and VIM. Survival curves were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used for univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic values. Results: The median follow-up period was 10.7 years. We found positive correlations between high expression of SYNJ2 mRNA and shorter disease-free survival in breast cancer patients (P=0.049), which was limited to ERα-positive patients (P=0.020) and not seen in ERα-negative patients (P=0.863). High SYNJ2 mRNA levels were positively correlated with high tumor grade, ERα negativity, and node positivity. Multivariate analysis indicated that high SYNJ2 mRNA expression was an independent factor for poor disease-free survival in breast cancer patients. Multivariate analysis of poor disease-free survival DFS Mutivariate All patientsp valueHR (95%CI)Tumor size2cm and fewer1540.43151 (Reference) more than 2cm280 1.19 (0.78-1.85)Lymph node metastasisNegative2190.0001 and fewer1 (Reference) Positive184 5.61 (3.59-9.05) Unknown31 2.40 (0.89-5.48)Grade1,22330.38471 (Reference) 3195 1.20 (0.79-1.81) Unknown6 0.17 (1.78-3.49)ER statusPositive3370.02621 (Reference) Negative97 2.06 (1.87-4.07)PgR statusPositive2930.39511 (Reference) Negative141 1.30 (0.70-2.28)SYNJ2 mRNA expressionlow2170.02251 (Reference) high217 1.57 (1.07-2.34) Conclusion:High SYNJ2 expression was shown to be an independent predictive factor of poor prognosis in ERα-positive breast cancer patients. SYNJ2 could therefore be used as a candidate biomarker and therapeutic target in breast cancer. Citation Format: Nishikawa S, Kondo N, Wanifuchi-Endo Y, Hisada T, Uemoto Y, Katagiri Y, Dong Y, Kato H, Takahashi S, Toyama T. The prognostic impact of synaptojanin 2 expression in estrogen receptor α-positive breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-08-37.