tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Egg consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease: three large prospective US cohort studies, systematic review, and updated meta-analysis
Authors: Jean-Philippe Drouin-Chartier, Siyu Chen, Yanping Li, Amanda L Schwab, Meir J Stampfer, Frank M Sacks, Bernard Rosner, Walter C Willett, Frank B Hu, Shilpa N Bhupathiraju
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Abstract Objective To evaluate the association between egg intake and cardiovascular disease risk among women and men in the United States, and to conduct a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Design Prospective cohort study, and a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Setting Nurses’ Health Study (NHS, 1980-2012), NHS II (1991-2013), Health Professionals’ Follow-Up Study (HPFS, 1986-2012). Participants Cohort analyses included 83 349 women from NHS, 90 214 women from NHS II, and 42 055 men from HPFS who were free of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer at baseline. Main outcome measures Incident cardiovascular disease, which included non-fatal myocardial infarction, fatal coronary heart disease, and stroke. Results Over up to 32 years of follow-up (&gt;5.54 million person years), 14 806 participants with incident cardiovascular disease were identified in the three cohorts. Participants with a higher egg intake had a higher body mass index, were less likely to be treated with statins, and consumed more red meats. Most people consumed between one and less than five eggs per week. In the pooled multivariable analysis, consumption of at least one egg per day was not associated with incident cardiovascular disease risk after adjustment for updated lifestyle and dietary factors associated with egg intake (hazard ratio for at least one egg per day v less than one egg per month 0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.82 to 1.05). In the updated meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies (33 risk estimates, 1 720 108 participants, 139 195 cardiovascular disease events), an increase of one egg per day was not associated with cardiovascular disease risk (pooled relative risk 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.93 to 1.03, I 2 =62.3%). Results were similar for coronary heart disease (21 risk estimates, 1 411 261 participants, 59 713 coronary heart disease events; 0.96, 0.91 to 1.03, I 2 =38.2%), and stroke (22 risk estimates, 1 059 315 participants, 53 617 stroke events; 0.99, 0.91 to 1.07, I 2 =71.5%). In analyses stratified by geographical location (P for interaction=0.07), no association was found between egg consumption and cardiovascular disease risk among US cohorts (1.01, 0.96 to 1.06, I 2 =30.8%) or European cohorts (1.05, 0.92 to 1.19, I 2 =64.7%), but an inverse association was seen in Asian cohorts (0.92, 0.85 to 0.99, I 2 =44.8%). Conclusions Results from the three cohorts and from the updated meta-analysis show that moderate egg consumption (up to one egg per day) is not associated with cardiovascular disease risk overall, and is associated with potentially lower cardiovascular disease risk in Asian populations. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42019129650.
Differences in CSF concentrations of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in depressed patients and normal subjects: negative findings
Authors: A Roy, O M Wolkowitz, G Bissette, C B Nemeroff
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

Since there have been reports of elevated CSF concentrations of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in depression, the authors compared the TRH levels of 17 depressed patients and 19 normal subjects. All subjects underwent lumbar punctures after fasting overnight, and CSF concentrations of TRH were determined by radioimmunoassay. CSF concentrations of norepinephrine and monoamine metabolites were also measured. There was no significant difference between the two groups on any measure, and in the depressed patients there was no significant relation between CSF concentrations of TRH and thyrotropin-stimulating hormone responses to TRH infusion.
<i>ATM</i> Loss Confers Greater Sensitivity to ATR Inhibition Than PARP Inhibition in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Shahrzad Rafiei, Kenyon Fitzpatrick, David Liu, Mu-Yan Cai, Haitham A. Elmarakeby, Jihye Park, Cora Ricker, Bose S. Kochupurakkal, Atish D. Choudhury, William C. Hahn, Steven P. Balk, Justin H. Hwang, Eliezer M. Van Allen, Kent W. Mouw
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Alterations in DNA damage response (DDR) genes are common in advanced prostate tumors and are associated with unique genomic and clinical features. ATM is a DDR kinase that has a central role in coordinating DNA repair and cell-cycle response following DNA damage, and ATM alterations are present in approximately 5% of advanced prostate tumors. Recently, inhibitors of PARP have demonstrated activity in advanced prostate tumors harboring DDR gene alterations, particularly in tumors with BRCA1/2 alterations. However, the role of alterations in DDR genes beyond BRCA1/2 in mediating PARP inhibitor sensitivity is poorly understood. To define the role of ATM loss in prostate tumor DDR function and sensitivity to DDR-directed agents, we created a series of ATM-deficient preclinical prostate cancer models and tested the impact of ATM loss on DNA repair function and therapeutic sensitivities. ATM loss altered DDR signaling, but did not directly impact homologous recombination function. Furthermore, ATM loss did not significantly impact sensitivity to PARP inhibition but robustly sensitized to inhibitors of the related DDR kinase ATR. These results have important implications for planned and ongoing prostate cancer clinical trials and suggest that patients with tumor ATM alterations may be more likely to benefit from ATR inhibitor than PARP inhibitor therapy. Significance: ATM loss occurs in a subset of prostate tumors. This study shows that deleting ATM in prostate cancer models does not significantly increase sensitivity to PARP inhibition but does sensitize to ATR inhibition. See related commentary by Setton and Powell, p. 2085
Benefits of High-Volume Medical Oncology Care for Noncurable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Population-Based Analysis
Authors: Julie Hallet, Laura Davis, Alyson Mahar, Michail Mavros, Kaitlyn Beyfuss, Ying Liu, Calvin H.L. Law, Craig Earle, Natalie Coburn
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2020)

Although pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) surgery performed by high-volume (HV) providers yields better outcomes, volume-outcome relationships are unknown for medical oncologists. This study examined variation in practice and outcomes in noncurative management of PA based on medical oncology provider volume.This population-based cohort study linked administrative healthcare datasets and included nonresected PA from 2005 through 2016. The volume of PA consultations per medical oncology provider per year was divided into quintiles, with HV providers (≥16 patients/year) constituting the fifth quintile and low-volume (LV) providers the first to fourth quintiles. Outcomes were receipt of chemotherapy and overall survival (OS). The Brown-Forsythe-Levene (BFL) test for equality of variances was performed to assess outcome variability between provider-volume quintiles. Multivariate regression models were used to examine the association between management by HV provider and outcomes.A total of 7,062 patients with noncurable PA consulted with medical oncology providers. Variability was seen in receipt of chemotherapy and median survival based on provider volume (BFL, P<.001 for both), with superior 1-year OS for HV providers (30.1%; 95% CI, 27.7%-32.4%) compared with LV providers (19.7%; 95% CI, 18.5%-20.6%) (P<.001). After adjustment for age at diagnosis, sex, comorbidity burden, rural residence, income, and diagnosis period, HV provider care was independently associated with higher odds of receiving chemotherapy (odds ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.05-1.34) and with superior OS (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.74-0.84).Significant variation was seen in noncurative management and outcomes of PA based on provider volume, with management by an HV provider being independently associated with superior OS and higher odds of receiving chemotherapy. This information is important to inform disease care pathways and care organization. Cancer care systems could consider increasing the number of HV providers to reduce variation and improve outcomes.
Abstract P414: Biomarkers of Very Long-chain Saturated Fatty Acids and Incident Coronary Heart Disease: Prospective Evidence From 15 Cohorts in the Fatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium
Authors: Andres V Ardisson Korat, Frank Qian, Fumiaki Imamura, Nathan Tintle, Jiaying Chen, Rob M Van Dam, Jyrki K Virtanen, Julie K Bassett, Traci M Bartz, Yoichiro Hirakawa, Kuo-Liong Chien, Alexis Frazier-Wood, Rachel A Murphy, Cecilia Samieri, Qi Sun, Frank Hu, Jason H Wu, Renata Micha, Dariush Mozaffarian, Rozenn Lemaitre
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Biomarker levels of very long-chain saturated fatty acids (VLCSFAs) have been found to be favorably associated with cardiovascular risk factors including lower risk of diabetes and reduced triglycerides. Few studies have examined the association between VLCSFAs and coronary heart disease (CHD). Aims: To assess the association of circulating arachidic acid (20:0), behenic acid (22:0), and lignoceric acid (24:0) with incident total, fatal, and nonfatal CHD. Methods: We used data from the Fatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium consisting of 15 prospective cohorts worldwide which included adults (age≥18 years) who were free of cardiovascular disease and had blood measurements of 20:0, 22:0, and 24:0 at baseline. A study protocol with standardized definitions of exposures, disease outcomes, and covariates was developed, for which each cohort conducted individual participant-level analysis. Cohort-specific associations were pooled using inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis to calculate the overall relative risk (RR) per interquintile range (difference between the 90 th and 10 th percentiles) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Among 33,083 participants, 6,165 cases of total CHD were ascertained. The overall pooled RR and 95% CI were 0.96 (0.89, 1.02) for 20:0, 1.01 (0.92, 1.11) for 22:0, 0.94 (0.86, 1.02) for 24:0, and 0.96 (0.89, 1.04) for 20:0 + 22:0 + 24:0 ( Figure 1 ). However, we noted heterogeneity by lipid compartments, with significant inverse associations for higher 22:0 [0.77 (0.62, 0.96)], 24:0 [0.61 (0.49, 0.77)], and 20:0 + 22:0 + 24:0 [0.73 (0.60, 0.89)] in the total plasma/serum compartment but not in the phospholipid compartment. Similar associations were observed for fatal and nonfatal CHD and when using a random-effects model. Conclusion: Higher circulating VLCSFAs were not associated with total CHD in a global consortium of prospective studies. The finding of an inverse association with total CHD for VLCSFAs in the total plasma/serum compartment warrants further research.
Abstract 16092: Assessment of Right Ventricular Systolic Function 1 Month After Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair With the MitraClip System
Authors: Heajung L Nguyen, Marcella Calfon Press, Gabriel Vorobiof, Eric H Yang
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction have been identified as significant predictors of outcome after mitral valve surgery. While TR often worsens after ...
Abstract P556: Blood Pressure in the Italian Adult Population: Preliminary Results of the 2018-2019 Cuore Project-Health Examination Survey
Authors: Chiara Donfrancesco, Cinzia Lo Noce, Anna Di Lonardo, Daniela Minutoli, Brigitta Buttari, Elisabetta Profumo, Serena Vannucchi, Paolo Bellisario, Simona Giampaoli, Pasquale Strazzullo, Luigi Palmieri
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Hypertension is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease, ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. The WHO Global Action Plan for the Prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) target by 2025 for hypertension is a 25% relative reduction in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Hypothesis: Prevalence of raised blood pressure in adults has declined in high-income countries over the past few decades; the CUORE project surveys have shown this trend also in Italy from the 1980s to the 2010s. This preliminary analysis aims to assess mean level of blood pressure and prevalence of raised blood pressure in the Italian general adult population using the data collected within the CUORE Project-health examination survey. Methods: Within the ongoing survey, started in 2018, mean of blood pressure and prevalence of raised blood pressure are assessed in random samples of resident population, aged 35-74 years, stratified by age and sex (men 822 and women 869), from 8 Italian Regions from the Northern, Central and Southern Italy. Blood pressure is measured three times consecutively by automated oscillometric device using standardized procedures and methods. Mean level of first two measurements are here considered. Raised blood pressure is defined as systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure equal or greater than 140/90 mmHg or under specific drug treatment. The survey is funded by the Italian Ministry of Health-CCM. Results: Preliminary analysis shows a mean value of systolic blood pressure of 131 mmHg (95% C.I.130-132) in men and 122 mmHg (121-123) in women. Mean value of diastolic blood pressure is 77 mmHg (76-78) in men and 73 mmHg (72-74) in women. Prevalence of raised blood pressure is 43.3% (39.9-46.7) in men and 32.4% (29.2-35.5) in women. In men prevalence of persons with raised blood pressure and untreated is 18.5% (14.6-22.3) and 8.6% (5.4-11.7) in women. In men and women prevalence of raised blood pressure is significantly higher in the Southern regions. Conclusions: Preliminary data of first 8 Regions (out of 10 which should be examined) underline that raised blood pressure is widely present in the Italian adult population. In comparison to data measured within the CUORE Project 10 years earlier, a decrease of mean level of blood pressure and prevalence of raised blood pressure seems to occur facilitating the meeting of WHO-NCDs target.
African-American and caucasian female cancer patients’ cancer and treatment information needs and preferred information sources
Authors: R. K. Matsuyama, C. Grange, L. J. Lyckholm, T. J. Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

9073 Background: Patients need information to maximize access to appropriate care, make informed decisions about treatment and communicate with their physicians and other healthcare providers. This study examined information needs related to cancer care and preferred information sources across ethnicities. Methods: A cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted with a random sample of 107 African-American and Caucasian female cancer patients from a university-affiliated cancer clinic. Descriptive analyses characterize patient demographics and information preferences. Multiple logistic regression tested variations in preferences by ethnicity. Results: There were significant differences in what African-American and Caucasian cancer patients considered their primary sources of information about their cancer and treatment. More African-Americans (36%) than Caucasians (9%) said they go to healthcare providers other than their physicians (e.g., nurses, nursing assistants, p=0.002) and use the library (14% vs. 7%) for information about their disease and treatment (p=0.002). Caucasian patients more often said they go to physicians (61% vs. 40%, p&lt;0.01) or the internet (23% vs. 10%, p=0.04) for their information. More African-Americans (84%) than Caucasians (59%) rated information about counseling for emotional support as extremely important (p&lt;0.01) and rated information about issues such as transportation and legal advice as extremely important (75% vs. 55%, p=0.05). There were no differences between ethnicities in desire for information about disease, treatment, side effects, and chances of getting better. Conclusions: All patients desired accurate and comprehensive information about their disease, prognosis and treatment. Significant differences were found between African-Americans and Caucasians in type and means of information. African-American patients were more likely to obtain information from providers other than physicians, and Caucasians were more likely to use the internet. These findings have implications for training professionals and developing programs to provide information to patients about their cancer treatment. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract P540: Predictors of Resilience Among CVD Patients
Authors: Mary F Love, Geraldine LoBiondo-Wood, Diane Wind Wardell, Jennifer E Beauchamp
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Objective: A cardiovascular disease (CVD) diagnosis is a stressful event that challenges patients physically and psychologically. Tertiary prevention of CVD focuses on management of traditional risk factors, including biological factors such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes, and behavioral factors such as smoking, diet, and sedentary lifestyle. Recent evidence indicates nontraditional psychological and social risk factors, including depression, anxiety, hostility, low social support, social isolation, and low socioeconomic status, also influence CVD incidence and prognosis. A focus on resilience, the ability to rebound from stress or adversity, could positively impact the health of CVD patients. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the evidence for biological, behavioral, psychological, and social factors that influence resilience among patients with CVD. Methods: A systematic search of PubMED, PsycINFO, and CINAHL was conducted from database inception through October 2019. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and study quality was evaluated with the National Institutes of Health Study Quality Assessment Tools. Inclusion criteria were: quantitative research studies; adult sample, age 18 or above; CVD diagnosis (e.g. acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, stroke); resilience; and published in English. Results: Of the 746 articles retrieved for review, 67 were retained for full text assessment, and 30 were eligible for study inclusion. Twenty-seven of these studies were observational, with sample sizes from 11 to &gt;237,000 participants, and settings in Europe, America, Asia, and Australia. The majority of participants were men, and only three studies reported on resilience among black participants. Psychological factors of depression, anxiety, and perceived stress were inversely associated with resilience, while quality of life and self-efficacy were positively associated with resilience. Among behavioral factors, composite measures of self-care were positively associated with resilience. Evidence for biological and social factors was minimal, but findings from a recent study suggest blacks living in lower versus higher cardiovascular-risk neighborhoods have higher levels of resilience, which was assessed with measurements of neighborhood perceptions and psychological attributes. Conclusions: This review provides evidence for factors influencing resilience in the CVD population. Research is needed to further delineate the relationship of these factors with resilience, ascertain differential effects between sexes and among minority populations, and explore interventions to enhance resilience among CVD patients. In addition, attention to the relationship of community factors with resilience in CVD is needed.
Randomized phase II trial comparing folfirinox (5FU/leucovorin [LV], irinotecan [I] and oxaliplatin [O]) vs gemcitabine (G) as first-line treatment for metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (MPA). First results of the ACCORD 11 trial
Authors: M. Ychou, F. Desseigne, R. Guimbaud, M. Ducreux, O. Bouché, Y. Bécouarn, A. Adenis, C. Montoto-Grillot, E. Luporsi, T. Conroy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

4516 Background: In a phase II trial of Folfirinox (F) in 35 MPA patients (pts), we reported a 26% response rate and median survival of 9.5 months (mo) with quality of life improvement (Conroy, JCO 2005). The aim of this phase II trial was to compare the response rate and safety of F vs G in pts with MPA. Methods: Chemotherapy-naïve pts aged 18–75 years with histologically or cytologically confirmed measurable MPA were randomized to receive G (1,000 mg/m 2 IV weekly x 7 for 8 weeks [wks] then weekly x 3 out of 4 wks) or F (O 85mg/m 2 d1 + I 180mg/m 2 d1 + LV 400mg/m 2 d1 followed by 5FU 400mg/m 2 bolus d1 and 2,400 mg/m 2 46h continuous infusion biweekly). Patients were stratified by centre, performance status (ECOG 0 versus 1), and primary tumor location (head vs other). Primary endpoint was response rate. Results: From 01/05 to 11/06, all planned 88 pts (44 per arm) were enrolled. Median age was 56 yrs [35–76]. Currently, safety data for 81 pts (41F/40G) and efficacy data for 65 pts (31F/34G) are available (17 too early). One pt was ineligible in arm F. Two pts, one in each arm, did not receive protocol therapy. Median number of wks on treatment was 18 (F) and 7 (G). No toxic death occurred. Main grade 3–4 toxicities (arm F vs G) were G3 neutropenia (32%/17.5), G4 neutropenia (19.5%/0), G3–4 thrombocytopenia (12%/0), G3 vomiting (17%/2.5), G3 transaminases (0%/15) and G3–4 fatigue (27%/15).Confirmed partial responses (PR) rates (F/G) were 38.7% (12/31) and 11.7 % (4/34) according to the investigators and median duration of response was 6,3 and 4,6 mo. PR and stable disease (SD) were documented for 21/31 evaluable pts in arm F and expert review confirmed 13 PR (41.9 %) and 6 SD (19.3%). Conclusions: Folfirinox induces a response rate &gt; 30% with manageable toxicity in ECOG 0–1 pts with MPA. According to these interim results, this trial will continue as a phase III study. Updated results will be presented at the meeting. Supported by a PHRC 2004 grant from the French Ministry of Health. [Table: see text]