tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recombinant Interferon-α Reduces Thrombotic Events in Patients with Polycythemia Vera
Authors: Spencer Krichevsky, Ghaith Abu Zeinah, Claudia Sosner, Diana Jaber, Niamh Savage, Gabriela Hoberman, Ellen K. Ritchie, Andrew I. Schafer, Richard T. Silver, Joseph Scandura
Journal: Blood (2019)
A Phase I Trial of Venetoclax in Combination with BEAM Conditioning Chemotherapy (V-BEAM) with Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Allison M. Winter, Kirsten M Boughan, Jack Khouri, Paolo Caimi, Faiz Anwer, Brenda Cooper, Deepa Jagadeesh, Robert M. Dean, Aaron T. Gerds, Ronald Sobecks, Brad Pohlman, Matt Kalaycio, Betty K. Hamilton, Marcos de Lima, Navneet S. Majhail, Brian T. Hill
Journal: Blood (2019)
Cord Blood Transplantation with Non-TBI-RIC Regimen Using Fludarabine and Melphalan for Adult T-Cell Leukemia / Lymphoma
Authors: Nobuaki Nakano, Atae Utsunomiya, Ayumu Kubota, Masahito Tokunaga, Takayoshi Miyazono, Tomohisa Tabuchi, Jun Odawara, Yoshikiyo Ito, Shogo Takeuchi, Yoshifusa Takatsuka
Journal: Blood (2019)
Efficacy of Venetoclax Combination Therapy with Hypomethylating Agents in Patients with Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Varun Mittal, Mimi Lo, Lloyd E. Damon, Karin L. Gaensler, Thomas G. Martin, Rebecca L. Olin, Catherine C. Smith, Aaron C. Logan
Journal: Blood (2019)
Enhanced Transduction Lentivector Gene Therapy for Treatment of Older Patients with X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Authors: Suk See De Ravin, Sandra Anaya O'Brien, Nana Kwatemaa, Narda Theobald, Siyuan Liu, Janet Lee, Lela Kardava, Taylor Liu, Frederick Goldman, Susan Moir, Jack Bleesing, Benedicte Neven, Jennifer Puck, Morton J Cowan, Ewelina Mamcarz, Stephen Gottschalk, Michael M Meagher, Luigi Notarangelo, Elizabeth Kang, Xiaolin Wu, Harry L. Malech
Journal: Blood (2019)
Identity domains capture individual differences from across the behavioral repertoire
Authors: Oren Forkosh, Stoyo Karamihalev, Simone Roeh, Uri Alon, Sergey Anpilov, Chadi Touma, Markus Nussbaumer, Cornelia Flachskamm, Paul M. Kaplick, Yair Shemesh, Alon Chen
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2019)
CSIG-02. TARGETING CONSTITUTIVE ACTIVATION OF THE EGFR-STAT1 AXIS DECREASES PROLIFERATION OF MENINGIOMA TUMOUR CELLS
Authors: Sara Ferluga, Daniele Baiz, Emanuela Ercolano, Vikram Sharma, Jemma Dunn, Kathreena M Kurian, David Hilton, Clemens Oliver Hanemann
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract Meningiomas are the most frequent primary brain tumours of the central nervous system. The standard of treatment is surgery and radiotherapy, but the lack of knowledge of their tumorigenesis contributes to delay the development of additional therapeutic options. We found STAT1 widely overexpressed in meningioma tumours and in patient-derived meningioma cells but not in the corresponding healthy controls. The protein showed a constitutive phosphorylation on both phosphosites (Y701 and S727), which was not dependent on the JAK/STAT pathway. STAT1 knocked down resulted in a significant reduction of cellular proliferation, showed as a decrease in Ki67-positive cells and Cyclin D1, and deactivation of AKT and ERK 1/2. By studying STAT1 binding partners we isolated a complex composed by STAT1, STAT2, PRMT5 and MEP50. As PRMT5 is known to interact with EGFR, we tested the tyrosine kinase and found that EGFR was constitutively active in meningioma and was responsible for the aberrant phosphorylation of STAT1 on both phosphosites. We tested different drugs inhibiting of EGFR phosphorylation, Canertinib was most effective. It caused a significant reduction in meningioma cells proliferation and a reduction of overall levels of Cyclin D1, phospho- AKT and phospho-ERK 1/2. Hence, STAT1 constitutive phosphorylation, initiated by EGFR activation, is responsible for inducing a positive feedback loop causing its own overexpression and consequently an increased proliferation of the tumour cells. These findings underline a pivotal role of the EGFR and STAT1 axis in meningioma and provides the rationale for further studies aiming to identify novel and effective therapeutic options.
Detection of Measurable Residual Disease (MRD) in Peripheral Blood: First Report of a Novel Microfluidic Platform in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Authors: Matthew C Foster, Yuri Fedoriw, Will Pulley, Joshua Zeidner, Catherine C. Coombs, Emily Mirkin, Maryam Zomorrodi, Rachel Toughiri, Alena Bartakova, Craig Carson, Rolf Muller, Paul M. Armistead
Journal: Blood (2019)
Genotypes of the Gene Encoding the Membrane Transporter SLC22A4 Are Associated with Molecular Relapse-Free Survival after Discontinuation of Imatinib Therapy in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Katerina Machova, Ali Albeer, Vaclava Polivkova, Katerina Vlcanova, Alice Fabarius, Hana Klamová, Birgit Spiess, Cornelius Waller, Tim H Brümmendorf, Jolanta Dengler, Volker Kunzmann, Andreas Burchert, Petra Bělohlávková, Satu Mustjoki, Edgar Faber, Jiri Mayer, Daniela Žáčková, Panayiotis Panayiotidis, Johan Richter, Henrik Hjorth-Hansen, Susanne Saussele, Markus Pfirrmann
Journal: Blood (2019)
Final Results of a Phase II Biomarker-Driven Study of Ruxolitinib in Relapsed and Refractory T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Alison J. Moskowitz, Paola Ghione, Eric D Jacobsen, Jia Ruan, Jonathan H. Schatz, Sarah Noor, Patricia Myskowski, Helen Hancock, Theresa Davey, Obadi Obadi, Carlissa Onwasigwe, Nivetha Ganesan, Lauren Pomerantz, Christine Jarjies, Priyadarshini Kumar, Allison Sigler, Mark B. Geyer, Ariela Noy, David J. Straus, Travis Hollmann, Ahmet Dogan, Natasha Galasso, Giorgio Inghirami, David M. Weinstock, Steven M. Horwitz
Journal: Blood (2019)
The Sequenced Combination of Rigosertib and Azacitidine Has Modulatory Effects on CXCL8, RIG-I like Receptor (RLR) and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling and Downstream Hematopoiesis Pathways in an in Vitro Model of the Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Richa Rai, Stella Melana, Shyamala C. Navada, Rosalie Odchimar-Reissig, Erin P. Demakos, E. Premkumar Reddy, Lewis R. Silverman
Journal: Blood (2019)
Clinical Relevance of MYD88 L265P Mutation and Interleukin-10 Level in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Both Newly Diagnosed and Relapsed Primary Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Andres JM Ferreri, Teresa Calimeri, Paolo Lopedote, Ilaria Francaviglia, Rita Daverio, Chiara Iacona, Cristina Belloni, Sara Steffanoni, Elena Anghileri, Angelo Diffidenti, Annamaria Finardi, Filipppo Gagliardi, Nicoletta Anzalone, Alessandro Nonis, Roberto Furlan, Piera Angelillo, Marianna Sassone, Daniela De Lorenzo, Maria Rosa Terreni, Marco Foppoli, Elena Guggiari, Vittoria Tarantino, Marika Eoli, Fabio Ciceri, Claudio Doglioni, Massimo Locatelli, Maurilio Ponzoni, Maria Giulia Cangi
Journal: Blood (2019)
Role of PAK6 in cancer.
Authors: Ramneet Kaur, Steven P. Balk
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

5035  PAKs are a family of serine threonine kinases characterized by a conserved N-terminal domain (CRIB domain) that binds the p21 GTPases, Cdc42 and Rac. The Group I PAKs (PAK1-3) have an autoinhibitory domain, which binds to and inhibits the kinase domain. The binding of Cdc42 and Rac proteins to the CRIB domain blocks this autoinhibitory domain, resulting in autophosphorylation and activation of kinase activity. Group II PAKs (PAK4-6) do not appear to have an autoinhibitory domain as their kinase activities are not activated by the binding of GTP-Cdc42. PAK6 was cloned by our lab, and independently by another lab, as an androgen receptor (AR) interacting protein. PAK6 also binds to the estrogen receptor (ERα) ligand binding domain and binding to both the AR and ERα are hormone independent. PAK6 RNA expression is highest in brain and testis, with lower levels in prostate, breast, and other tissues, but the specific cell types expressing PAK6 and the biological role of the AR and ERα interactions remain to be determined. Our experimental studies using affinity purified PAK6 antibody showed that PAK6 protein is expressed in prostate (LAPC4, LNCaP, CWR22Rv1, and PC3) and breast (HS578T, MDA-MB-231, MCF7, and HCC1937) cancer cell lines. By immunohistochemistry using the affinity purified antibody on tissue arrays, it was found that PAK6 is expressed in normal prostate epithelium (on the membrane) and its expression is increased and more cytoplasmic in many advanced prostate cancers. Our in vitro transfection data using CRIB domain mutants show that PAK6 is targeted to the plasma membrane by its CRIB domain, and that the CRIB domain is not involved in the .activation of PAK6 kinase activity. In contrast, we have recently reported that PAK6 is activated by MKK6 and p38 MAP kinase, suggesting that PAK6 plays a role in the cellular response to stress (Kaur et al., J. Biol. Chem. 2005;280(5):3323-30). We are currently using immunopurification of epitope tagged PAK6 in conjunction with mass spectroscopy to identify PAK6 associated proteins. One potential partner for PAK6 that we recently found by this approach is nucleolin, which is normally expressed in nucleolus, cytoplasm and as well as on the cell membrane. Nucleolin is an RNA binding protein whose activity is increased in response to stress by p38 MAP kinase, suggesting a link to PAK6. We are currently further assessing this interaction and identifying additional PAK6 associated proteins.
China’s organ donation figures appear to be falsified, study claims
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2019)

China’s organ donation numbers appear to have been systematically manipulated and falsified, according to new research which casts doubt on the credibility of the country’s transplantation reforms.

The number of organs the Chinese government claims it has voluntarily collected since 2010 seems “too neat to be true” and appears to have been based on a simple quadratic equation, according to the study published in the journal BMC Medical Ethics .1

In 2010, in response to international criticism, China started to move from using prisoners as an organ source to voluntary donors. Chinese officials announced that from 2015 hospital based donors would be the sole source of organs.2

China’s healthcare officials have reported extraordinary successes. From 2010, annual voluntary deceased donors went from 34 to 6316; kidney and livers transplanted went …
Examining the Role of CD30 in an Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Mouse Model
Authors: Teresa Poggio, Linda Graessel, Stefanie Kreutmair, Cornelius Miething, Dietmar Pfeifer, Geoffroy Andrieux, Melanie Boerries, Marie Follo, Suzanne Turner, Robert Zeiser, Justus Duyster, Anna Lena Illert
Journal: Blood (2019)
Photoprotection and vitamin D status
Authors: T. Passeron, R. Bouillon, V. Callender, T.L. Cestari, T. Diepgen, A.C. Green, J.C. van der Pols, B.A. Bernard, F. Ly, F. Bernerd, L. Marrot, M. Nielsen, M. Verschoore, N.G. Jablonski, A.R. Young
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

Vitamin D is produced by the skin in response to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from sunlight. A lack of vitamin D, known as vitamin D deficiency, can cause bones to become soft and weak, which can lead to bone deformities. Whilst UVR exposure is a main source of vitamin D, it is also a primary cause of skin cancer, leading to debates on how to get the balance between ideal (sufficient) vitamin D levels and sun protection.
Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: D. Brooks
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Urinary tract infection is experienced and studied at three different levels and is commonly encountered at all of them. First of all there is the community itself; a survey carried out in Wales in 19691 revealed that nearly half of a screened population of 3000 women between 20 and 64 years had experienced dysuria (defined as a burning pain on micturition) at some time in their life. Twenty per cent had actually complained of dysuria during the year preceding the study and in half of them the symptoms had lasted 2 weeks or more. Self-medication was very common and only 10% of the women with symptoms in the year of the study bothered to consult a doctor. These figures were confirmed in a more recent general practice based study published in 1983 involving 6000 women between 20 and 542. On a 62% response, 20% reported dysuria in the year preceding the study and half of them suffered at least one further episode in the same year.
Letter to the editor: influenza-associated mortality and oseltamivir: beware of misstepping into stepwise procedures
Authors: Theodore Lytras, Stefanos Bonovas, Georgios K. Nikolopoulos, Sotirios Tsiodras
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2019)

Preview this article: Letter to the editor: influenza-associated mortality and oseltamivir: beware of misstepping into stepwise procedures, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/24/46/eurosurv-24-46-6-1.gif
Individualized Mitochondrial Functional Approach to Combination of BCL-2 and MCL-1 Antagonism in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Shruti Bhatt, Marissa Pioso, Elyse Ann Olesinski, Binyam Yilma, Leutz Buon, Sophia Adamia, Holly Zhu, Jeremy Ryan, Youzhen Wang, Morris Erick, Ensar Halilovic, David M. Weinstock, Jacqueline S Garcia, Anthony Letai
Journal: Blood (2019)
Efficacy and Safety of Nivolumab Combined with Daratumumab with or without Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma; Interim Analysis of the Phase 2 Nivo-Dara Study
Authors: Christie P.M. Verkleij, Monique C. Minnema, Okke de Weerdt, Patricia W.C. Bosman, Kristine A. Frerichs, Alexandra J. Croockewit, Saskia K. Klein, Gerard Bos, Tuna Mutis, Wouter J. Plattel, Ellen van der Spek, Annemiek Broyl, Pieter Sonneveld, Sonja Zweegman, Mark-David Levin, Niels W. C. J. Van De Donk
Journal: Blood (2019)
NPM-ALK Upregulates Jab1/Csn5 through STAT3 Activation in Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: A Novel Function of NPM-ALK That Contributes to PD1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Regulation
Authors: Elias Drakos, Konstantina Stathopoulou, Lingxiao Li, Daniel Bilbao, Vasiliki Leventaki, Pedro Farrajota Neves Da Silva, Vasileios Atsaves, Anders Österborg, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, Francisco Vega, Jonathan H. Schatz, Francois Claret, George Z. Rassidakis
Journal: Blood (2019)
RBTT-06. TESSA JOWELL BRAIN MATRIX STUDY: A BRITISH FEASIBILITY STUDY OF MOLECULAR STRATIFICATION AND TARGETED THERAPY TO OPTIMIZE THE CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH GLIOMA
Authors: Colin Watts, John Apps, Olaf Ansorg, Josh Savage, Richard Fox, Anthony Chalmers, Susan C Short, Gerard Thompson, Adam Waldman, David Capper, Darren Hargrave, Paul Brennan, Stuart Smith, Keyoumars Ashkan, Victoria Wykes, Kathreena Kurian, Mariam Jamal-Hanjani, Charles Swanton, Peter Buckle, Helen Bulbeck, Lucy F Stead, Igor Vivanco, Sarah Bowden
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract In 2016 there were 5250 brain cancer deaths in the UK. Standard treatment is surgical resection followed by chemo-radiotherapy. In most cases of diffuse glioma, complete tumour resection is not feasible. Many chemotherapy drugs have untested penetration through the blood brain barrier, potentially leading to sub-therapeutic concentrations in the tumour. There is need to refine current treatment strategies in relation to the understanding of tumour biology, and rapidly introduce and evaluate novel therapeutic approaches and agents through delivering rigorous clinical trials. The TESSA JOWELL BRAIN MATRIX Study will evaluate the feasibility of delivering precision medicine for brain cancer patients within the NHS. A multicentre, platform feasibility study of 1200 patients with diffuse glioma will build on the 100,000 genome project to develop and evaluate an infrastructure to collect and integrate: 1) real time comprehensive integrated molecular analysis, including whole genome sequencing and epigenetic classification; 2) serial sampling and annotation of tumours; 3) collection of matched clinical data; 4) assessment of patient quality of life; 5) centralised radiological review and response assessment as per RANO criteria. Once developed this will allow rapid introduction of therapeutic trials to specific patient groups. Secondary objectives include: understanding the association between extent of resection and molecular stratification to refine the role of surgery; optimisation and harmonisation of protocols to best collect, manage and store tissue, clinical data, and radiological images in order to provide a resource for researchers, both within and outside of the study. Improve patient recruitment by identifying and removing recruitment barriers and improve the information and consent processes for patients. Promote the development of a national network with expertise in brain cancer. Enrolment of the first patient is expected in late 2019. For further information, please contact the Brain Matrix Trial Office BrainMatrix@trials.bham.ac.uk.
Results from Phase 1/2 Trial of Tagraxofusp in Combination with Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Paul G. Richardson, Myo Htut, Cristina Gasparetto, Jeffrey A. Zonder, Thomas G. Martin, Janice Chen, Christopher Brooks, Peter McDonald, Nicole Rupprecht, Halyna Wysowskyj, Dharminder Chauhan, Arghya Ray, Kenneth C. Anderson, Claudia E. Paba-Prada
Journal: Blood (2019)
Secondary Breast Cancer of Prostatic Origin
Authors: H. M. Lemon
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The article by J. H. Campbell et al., "Secondary Breast Cancer of Prostatic Origin" inThe Journal(<b>179</b>:458 [Feb. 10] 1962) is misleading since its conclusions are based upon erroneous premises. Quoting their conclusions: "The masses from the breasts were proved by positive acid-phosphatase stains and quantitative acid-glycerophosphate determinations to be metastatic carcinoma of prostatic origin." The pathologic illustrations show different histologic patterns in the initial undifferentiated prostatic carcinoma (Fig. 1), and the bilateral breast carcinoma as it appeared after 7 years and 9,500 mg. of stilbestrol treatment (Fig. 3). The latter resembles duct-cell type of adenoca consistent with primary breast carcinoma. The authors should be aware that primary breast carcinomas, like most human adenocarcinoma except prostate, show strikingly elevated tissue acid-glycerophosphatase activity compared to isologous normal epithelium. This has been shown histochemically with the Gomori method, and by quantitative analysis of release of phosphate from
Not only gene mutation matters: Development of flow cytometry panel to determine BRCA2 deficiency for personalised therapy by PARP inhibitors in pancreatic cancers
Authors: P. Chroscicki, A.M. Tybuchowska, J. Swatler, R. Samsel, A. Cichocki, P. Podszywalow-Bartnicka, K. Roszkowska-Purska, M. Tenderenda, W. Smiertka, M. Nieborowska-Skorska, T. Skorski, K. Piwocka
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Identification of Recurrent Alternative RNA Splicing in Adverse-Risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Govardhan Anande, Ashwin Unnikrishnan, Nandan Deshpande, Sylvain Mareschal, Aarif M. N. Batcha, Tobias Herold, Sören Lehmann, Marc Wilkins, Jason Wong, John Pimanda
Journal: Blood (2019)
Reponse-Adapted Study of Ibrutinib with Temozolomide, Etoposide, Doxil, Dexamethasone, and Rituximab (TEDDI-R) in Aggressive B-Cell Lymphomas with Secondary Involvement of the CNS
Authors: Mark Roschewski, Christopher Melani, Kieron Dunleavy, Matthias Holdhoff, Lode J. Swinnen, Michael Glantz, Craig A. Portell, Jakub Svoboda, Rafic Farah, Michail S. Lionakis, Louis Staudt, Wyndham Wilson
Journal: Blood (2019)
Clinical Outcomes and Cytogenetic Features of Primary Plasma Cell Leukemia (pPCL) in the Era of Novel Agent Induction Therapy
Authors: Bharat Nandakumar, Shaji K. Kumar, Francis K. Buadi, Angela Dispenzieri, David Dingli, Martha Q. Lacy, Prashant Kapoor, Yi Lin, Taxiarchis Kourelis, Eli Muchtar, John A. Lust, Stephen J Russell, Ronald S. Go, Rahma M Warsame, Suzanne R. Hayman, Nelson Leung, Miriam A. Hobbs, Yi L. Hwa, Amie Fonder, Dragan Jevremovic, Morie A Gertz, Robert A. Kyle, S. Vincent Rajkumar, Wilson I Gonsalves
Journal: Blood (2019)
ACTR-13. FINAL RESULTS WITH CHEMORADIOTHERAPY FOR ANAPLASTIC OLIGODENDROGLIAL TUMORS FROM NRG ONCOLOGY/RTOG 9402
Authors: Andrew Lassman, Minhee Won, J Gregory Cairncross, Edward Shaw, Lynn Ashby, Luis Souhami, Nadia Laack, Karen Fink, David Macdonald, Jean-Paul Bahary, Alan Hartford, Anthony Whitton, Maria Werner-Wasik, Normand Laperriere, John Suh, Clifford Robinson, Minesh Mehta
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract BACKGROUND Adding intensive-procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (iPCV) to radiotherapy (RT) prolonged progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients with 1p19q codeleted anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors (AOTs); some benefit was also observed for IDH-mutant non-codeleted cases (Cairncross et al 2013, 2014, 2016). Now, 25 years after study activation, we updated survival, further assessed IDH as a predictive biomarker, and are exploring the benefit from vincristine. METHODS Eligible adults (KPS ≥ 60, adequate end-organ function) were randomized to pre-RT iPCV (4 cycles x 6 weeks each) vs. RT alone, stratified by age (&lt; or ≥ 50), KPS (60–70 or ≥ 80), and level of anaplasia. Histology (anaplastic oligodendroglioma/oligo-astrocytoma required) and biomarkers (IDH and 1p19q, post-hoc) were determined centrally. Survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier and Hazard Ratios (HRs) by Cox-regression. RESULTS Overall (n=289), median follow-up was 16.4 years vs. 11.3 years at last report. In codeleted cases, 40% randomized to iPCV remained alive vs. 53% at last report; 5, 10, and 14 year-PFS and -OS rates were 62%, 50%, 41% and 70%, 57%, 46%, respectively; and iPCV unequivocally prolonged PFS (median 9.8 vs. 2.9 years, HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.3–0.7, p&lt; 0.001) and OS (median 13.2 vs. 7.3 years, HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.40–0.94; p=0.02). With IDH mutation but without codeletion (n=66), iPCV prolonged PFS (median 2.8 vs. 1.9 years, HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.34–0.99, p=0.046); OS was longer with a trend for significance (median 5.5 vs. 3.3 years, HR 0.6, 95% CI 0.34–1.03, p=0.06) on this underpowered exploratory post-hoc analysis. CONCLUSION For codeleted AOTs, long-term analyses confirmed that pre-RT iPCV produced meaningful and significant prolongations of PFS and OS. With IDH mutation but without codeletion, iPCV significantly prolonged PFS and showed a trend for prolonged OS. The value of vincristine is being assessed. Supported by NCI grants U10CA180868, U10CA180822, U24CA196067, and UG1CA189867.
Early Diagnosis of Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: M. C. Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1947)

Without submitting any ready solution of Africa's problems I suggest that it should be borne in mind that the population problem is one of balance, and that the economy of grossly underdeveloped, countries can be improved more readily and more to the general advantage of the world by an increase in the supportive capacity of the land than by a restriction of population, though ultimately that must come.Colonial development is not " whistling in the wind " but the essential background of human welfare, which should be at least as much the concern of your readers as the policy of despair you advocate.The ignorant and poverty-stricken peasant is.admittedly an inadequate foundation for an enlightened state of society, or for the production of goods to be exchanged with industrial countries.The remedy may lie in the cure of his ignorance and poverty rather than in the restriction of his numbers.-Iam, etc.,