tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 458: Pause Duration During Manual CPR is Associated With Survival and Favorable Neurological Outcome in All-Rhythm OHCA
Authors: Lyra R Clark, Robyn McDannold, Margaret Mullins, Bentley Bobrow
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: AHA guidelines emphasize the importance of limiting pauses during CPR to less than 10 seconds due to the association of interruptions in chest compressions (CC) with adverse outcomes. Previous literature has associated shorter peri-shock pause times with greater odds of survival and longest pause in CC with lower odds of survival, though these analyses were restricted to patients with initial shockable rhythm. The aim of this analysis is to investigate the association between CC pause duration and patient outcomes in all-rhythm OHCA. Methods: OHCA cases from three EMS Agencies in Arizona between Jan 2016-Dec 2016 (n=229) were analyzed. De-identified prehospital patient data were linked to outcome data as part of the state quality program. Pauses calculated from CPR pad accelerometer data were defined by a minimum duration of 1000 ms. Mean pause duration was calculated by case as the average of all pauses, while longest pause duration was defined as the single longest pause in CC. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression was performed in STATA 15.1. Primary outcome measures defined were ROSC, survival-to-discharge, and favorable neurological outcome (Cerebral Performance Category 1 or 2). Covariates included in the statistical model include time in CPR, age, witnessed arrest, initial shockable rhythm, bystander CPR, and CPR quality. Results: A total of 37.1% of patients (n=85) achieved prehospital ROSC, 12.7% (n=29) survived, and 10.5% (n=24) had favorable neurological outcome. Average mean and longest pause duration was 8.13 + 0.76 s and 24.93 + 2.84 in survivors with favorable neurological outcome compared to 9.21 + 0.47 s and 35.56 + 3.55 s in non-survivors. Mean pause duration was associated with survival (adjusted OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.80-0.99) and favorable neurological outcome (adjusted OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.72-0.97). Longest pause duration was associated with favorable neurological outcome (adjusted OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94-1.00). Conclusions: Prolonged pauses in CC during prehospital resuscitation was associated with worse survival and neurological function in OHCA patients with all cardiac rhythms. Pause duration should be kept as brief as possible due to the impact upon outcomes regardless of presenting cardiac rhythm.
Non-neutralizing Antibodies from a Marburg Infection Survivor Mediate Protection by Fc-Effector Functions and by Enhancing Efficacy of Other Antibodies
Authors: Philipp A. Ilinykh, Kai Huang, Rodrigo I. Santos, Pavlo Gilchuk, Bronwyn M. Gunn, Marcus M. Karim, Jenny Liang, Mallorie E. Fouch, Edgar Davidson, Diptiben V. Parekh, James B. Kimble, Colette A. Pietzsch, Michelle Meyer, Natalia A. Kuzmina, Larry Zeitlin, Erica Ollmann Saphire, Galit Alter, James E. Crowe, Alexander Bukreyev
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2020)
Should redo surgery for gastroesophageal reflux disease be performed in high-volume centers?An invited commentary on “Laparoscopic repeat surgery for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: Results of the analyses of a cohort study of 117 patients from a multicenter experience” (Int J Surg 2020;76:121–127)
Authors: Carlos Hoyuela
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2020)
Hospital Preparedness for COVID-19: A Practical Guide from a Critical Care Perspective
Authors: Kelly M. Griffin, Maria G. Karas, Natalia S. Ivascu, Lindsay Lief
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)

In response to the estimated potential impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on New York City hospitals, our institution prepared for an influx of critically ill patients. Multiple areas of surge planning progressed, simultaneously focused on infection control, clinical operational challenges, ICU surge capacity, staffing, ethics, and maintenance of staff wellness. The protocols developed focused on clinical decisions regarding intubation, the use of high-flow oxygen, engagement with infectious disease consultants, and cardiac arrest. Mechanisms to increase bed capacity and increase efficiency in ICUs by outsourcing procedures were implemented. Novel uses of technology to minimize staff exposure to COVID-19 as well as to facilitate family engagement and end-of-life discussions were encouraged. Education and communication remained key in our attempts to standardize care, stay apprised on emerging data, and review seminal literature on respiratory failure. Challenges were encountered and overcome through interdisciplinary collaboration and iterative surge planning as ICU admissions rose. Support was provided for both clinical and nonclinical staff affected by the profound impact COVID-19 had on our city. We describe in granular detail the procedures and processes that were developed during a 1-month period while surge planning was ongoing and the need for ICU capacity rose exponentially. The approaches described here provide a potential roadmap for centers that must rapidly adapt to the tremendous challenge posed by this and potential future pandemics.
Human TH1 and TH2 cells targeting rhinovirus and allergen coordinately promote allergic asthma
Authors: Lyndsey M. Muehling, Peter W. Heymann, Paul W. Wright, Jacob D. Eccles, Rachana Agrawal, Holliday T. Carper, Deborah D. Murphy, Lisa J. Workman, Carolyn R. Word, Sarah J. Ratcliffe, Brian J. Capaldo, Thomas A.E. Platts-Mills, Ronald B. Turner, William W. Kwok, Judith A. Woodfolk
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2020)
Personalized Rate-Response Programming Improves Exercise Tolerance After 6 Months in People With Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices and Heart Failure
Authors: John Gierula, Judith E. Lowry, Maria F. Paton, Charlotte A. Cole, Rowenna Byrom, Aaron O. Koshy, Hemant Chumun, Lorraine C. Kearney, Sam Straw, T. Scott Bowen, Richard M. Cubbon, Anne-Maree Keenan, Deborah D. Stocken, Mark T. Kearney, Klaus K. Witte
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is characterized by blunting of the positive relationship between heart rate and left ventricular (LV) contractility known as the force-frequency relationship (FFR). We have previously described that tailoring the rate-response programming of cardiac implantable electronic devices in patients with HFrEF on the basis of individual noninvasive FFR data acutely improves exercise capacity. We aimed to examine whether using FFR data to tailor heart rate response in patients with HFrEF with cardiac implantable electronic devices favorably influences exercise capacity and LV function 6 months later.We conducted a single-center, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group trial in patients with stable symptomatic HFrEF taking optimal guideline-directed medical therapy and with a cardiac implantable electronic device (cardiac resynchronization therapy or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator). Participants were randomized on a 1:1 basis between tailored rate-response programming on the basis of individual FFR data and conventional age-guided rate-response programming. The primary outcome measure was change in walk time on a treadmill walk test. Secondary outcomes included changes in LV systolic function, peak oxygen consumption, and quality of life.We randomized 83 patients with a mean±SD age 74.6±8.7 years and LV ejection fraction 35.2±10.5. Mean change in exercise time at 6 months was 75.4 (95% CI, 23.4 to 127.5) seconds for FFR-guided rate-adaptive pacing and 3.1 (95% CI, -44.1 to 50.3) seconds for conventional settings (analysis of covariance; P=0.044 between groups) despite lower peak mean±SD heart rates (98.6±19.4 versus 112.0±20.3 beats per minute). FFR-guided heart rate settings had no adverse effect on LV structure or function, whereas conventional settings were associated with a reduction in LV ejection fraction.In this phase II study, FFR-guided rate-response programming determined using a reproducible, noninvasive method appears to improve exercise time and limit changes to LV function in people with HFrEF and cardiac implantable electronic devices. Work is ongoing to confirm our findings in a multicenter setting and on longer-term clinical outcomes. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02964650.
Post-Consolidation Immunotherapy with Histamine Dihydrochloride and Interleukin-2 in AML: Assessment of Consistency and Robustness of Treatment Benefit for Patients in First Complete Remission.
Authors: Marc E Buyse, Pierre Squifflet, Jacob M Rowe, John K Whisnant, Dileep Bhagwat, Stephane E Allard, Kristoffer Hellstrand, Mats L Brune
Journal: Blood (2008)
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Subsets Drive Glioblastoma Growth in a Sex-Specific Manner
Authors: Defne Bayik, Yadi Zhou, Chihyun Park, Changjin Hong, Daniel Vail, Daniel J. Silver, Adam Lauko, Gustavo Roversi, Dionysios C. Watson, Alice Lo, Tyler J. Alban, Mary McGraw, Mia Sorensen, Matthew M. Grabowski, Balint Otvos, Michael A. Vogelbaum, Craig Horbinski, Bjarne Winther Kristensen, Ahmad M. Khalil, Tae Hyun Hwang, Manmeet S. Ahluwalia, Feixiong Cheng, Justin D. Lathia
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2020)

Abstract Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) that block antitumor immunity are elevated in glioblastoma (GBM) patient blood and tumors. However, the distinct contributions of monocytic (mMDSC) versus granulocytic (gMDSC) subsets have yet to be determined. In mouse models of GBM, we observed that mMDSCs were enriched in the male tumors, whereas gMDSCs were elevated in the blood of females. Depletion of gMDSCs extended survival only in female mice. Using gene-expression signatures coupled with network medicine analysis, we demonstrated in preclinical models that mMDSCs could be targeted with antiproliferative agents in males, whereas gMDSC function could be inhibited by IL1β blockade in females. Analysis of patient data confirmed that proliferating mMDSCs were predominant in male tumors and that a high gMDSC/IL1β gene signature correlated with poor prognosis in female patients. These findings demonstrate that MDSC subsets differentially drive immune suppression in a sex-specific manner and can be leveraged for therapeutic intervention in GBM. Significance: Sexual dimorphism at the level of MDSC subset prevalence, localization, and gene-expression profile constitutes a therapeutic opportunity. Our results indicate that chemotherapy can be used to target mMDSCs in males, whereas IL1 pathway inhibitors can provide benefit to females via inhibition of gMDSCs. See related commentary by Gabrilovich et al., p. 1100. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1079
Estimation of Central Aortic Pressure Waveform by Mathematical Transformation of Radial Tonometry Pressure
Authors: Chen-Huan Chen, Erez Nevo, Barry Fetics, Peter H. Pak, Frank C.P. Yin, W. Lowell Maughan, David A. Kass
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Central aortic pressures and waveform convey important information about cardiovascular status, but direct measurements are invasive. Peripheral pressures can be measured noninvasively, and although they often differ substantially from central pressures, they may be mathematically transformed to approximate the latter. We tested this approach, examining intersubject and intrasubject variability and the validity of using a single averaged transformation, which would enhance its applicability. Methods and Results Invasive central aortic pressure by micromanometer and radial pressure by automated tonometry were measured in 20 patients at steady state and during hemodynamic transients (Valsalva maneuver, abdominal compression, nitroglycerin, or vena caval obstruction). For each patient, transfer functions (TFs) between aortic and radial pressures were calculated by parametric model and results averaged to yield individual TFs. A generalized TF was the average of individual functions. TFs varied among patients, with coefficients of variation for peak amplitude and frequency at peak amplitude of 24.9% and 16.9%, respectively. Intrapatient TF variance with altered loading (&gt;20% variation in peak amplitude) was observed in 28.5% of patients. Despite this, the generalized TF estimated central arterial pressures to ≤0.2±3.8 mm Hg error, arterial compliance to 6±7% accuracy, and augmentation index to within −7% points (30±45% accuracy). Individual TFs were only marginally superior to the generalized TF for reconstructing central pressures. Conclusions Central aortic pressures can be accurately estimated from radial tonometry with the use of a generalized TF. The reconstructed waveform can provide arterial compliance estimates but may underestimate the augmentation index because the latter requires greater fidelity reproduction of the wave contour.
Abstract B31: Microbiota composition in bilateral healthy breast tissue and breast tumors
Authors: Emily M. Klann, Jessica M. Williamson, Massimiliano S. Tagliamonte, Maria Ukhanova, Jaya Ruth Asirvatham, Harvey Chim, Lusine Yaghjyan, Volker Mai
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the differences in breast tissue microbiota composition by breast side (left versus right) within an individual woman and compare the microbiota of healthy and breast tumor tissue between women. We further aimed to determine whether certain bacterial taxa may be associated with breast tumors. Methods: Bilateral healthy breast tissue samples (n=36) were collected from ten women who received routine mammoplasty procedures at the University of Florida Department of Surgery. Archived breast tumor samples (n=10) were obtained from an established biorepository. Bacterial DNA was extracted from tissues, amplified via polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Microbiota data were analyzed using QIIME and RStudio. Results: The most abundant phyla in both tumor and healthy tissues were Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. A total of 38 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found to be significantly different in terms of differential abundance between tumor and healthy tissues (absolute effect size range: 0.761-3.98). The OTUs with the largest absolute effect size associated with higher relative abundance in breast tumors were of Flavobacterium species (R2=3.98), Acinetobacter species (R2=3.64), [Mogibacteriaceae] family (R2=3.34), and Clostridiales order (R2=3.21). Alpha diversity (Shannon Diversity Index) was similar in healthy and tumor tissue (4.98 vs. 4.84; p=0.350). Based on unweighted UniFrac measures, breast tumor samples clustered distinctly from healthy samples (R2=0.10; p=0.001). Microbiota composition in healthy samples clustered within women (R2=0.20; p=0.012) and by breast side (left or right) within a woman (R2=0.36; p=0.001). Conclusion: We identified significant differences in microbiota composition between women and between breasts of the same woman. These results warrant further investigation to elucidate the potential relationship between breast tissue microbiota and breast cancer. Citation Format: Emily M. Klann, Jessica M. Williamson, Massimiliano S. Tagliamonte, Maria Ukhanova, Jaya Ruth Asirvatham, Harvey Chim, Lusine Yaghjyan, Volker Mai. Microbiota composition in bilateral healthy breast tissue and breast tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Microbiome, Viruses, and Cancer; 2020 Feb 21-24; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(8 Suppl):Abstract nr B31.
Effect of PCSK-9 Inhibitors on Lipid-Rich Vulnerable Coronary Plaque Assessed by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Hiroyuki Omori, Hideaki Ota, Masahiko Hara, Yoshiaki Kawase, Toru Tanigaki, Tetsuo Hirata, Yoshihiro Sobue, Munenori Okubo, Hiroki Kamiya, Hitoshi Matsuo
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2020)
Petreatment with Rituximab Reduces the Incidence of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with B Cell Lymphoma.
Authors: Martin Bornhaeuser, Rainer Schwerdtfeger, Frank Kroschinsky, Mathias Hanel, Uli Treptow, Catrin Theuser, Gerhard Ehninger
Journal: Blood (2004)
Non-invasive ultrasonic neuromodulation of neuronal excitability for treatment of epilepsy
Authors: Zhengrong Lin, Long Meng, Junjie Zou, Wei Zhou, Xiaowei Huang, Shan Xue, Tianyuan Bian, Tifei Yuan, Lili Niu, Yanwu Guo, Hairong Zheng
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Non-invasive low-intensity pulsed ultrasound has been employed for direct neuro-modulation. However, its range and effectiveness for different neurological disorders have not been fully elucidated. Methods: We used multiple approaches of electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry, and behavioral tests as potential epilepsy treatments in non-human primate model of epilepsy and human epileptic tissues. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound with a frequency of 750 kHz and acoustic pressure of 0.35 MPa (the spatial peak pulse average intensity, ISPPA = 2.02 W/cm2) were delivered to the epileptogenic foci in five penicillin-induced epileptic monkey models. An ultrasound neuro-modulation system with a frequency of 28 MHz and acoustic pressure of 0.13 MPa (ISPPA = 465 mW/cm2) compatible with patch-clamp systems was used to stimulate the brain slices prepared from fifteen patients with epilepsy. Results: After 30 min of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment, total seizure count for 16 hours (sham group: 107.7 ± 1.2, ultrasound group: 66.0 ± 7.9, P < 0.01) and seizure frequency per hour (sham group: 15.6 ± 1.2, ultrasound group: 9.6 ± 1.5, P < 0.05) were significantly reduced. The therapeutic efficacy and underlying potential mechanism of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment were studied in biopsy specimens from epileptic patients in vitro. Ultrasound stimulation could inhibit epileptiform activities with an efficiency exceeding 65%, potentially due to adjusting the balance of excitatory-inhibitory (E/I) synaptic inputs by the increased activity of local inhibitory neurons. Conclusion: Herein, we demonstrated for the first time that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound improves electrophysiological activities and behavioral outcomes in a non-human primate model of epilepsy and suppresses epileptiform activities of neurons from human epileptic slices. The study provides evidence for the potential clinical use of non-invasive low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation for epilepsy treatment.
Complementopathies and precision medicine
Authors: Eleni Gavriilaki, Robert A. Brodsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

The renaissance of complement diagnostics and therapeutics has introduced precision medicine into a widened field of complement-mediated diseases. In particular, complement-mediated diseases (or complementopathies) with ongoing or published clinical trials of complement inhibitors include paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, cold agglutinin disease, hemolytic uremic syndrome, nephropathies, HELLP syndrome, transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, myasthenia gravis, and neuromyelitis optica. Recognizing that this field is rapidly expanding, we aim to provide a state-of-the-art review of (a) current understanding of complement biology for the clinician, (b) novel insights into complement with potential applicability to clinical practice, (c) complement in disease across various disciplines (hematology, nephrology, obstetrics, transplantation, rheumatology, and neurology), and (d) the potential future of precision medicine. Better understanding of complement diagnostics and therapeutics will not only facilitate physicians treating patients in clinical practice but also provide the basis for future research toward precision medicine in this field.
Sensing of endogenous nucleic acids by ZBP1 induces keratinocyte necroptosis and skin inflammation
Authors: Michael Devos, Giel Tanghe, Barbara Gilbert, Evelien Dierick, Maud Verheirstraeten, Josephine Nemegeer, Richard de Reuver, Sylvie Lefebvre, Jolien De Munck, Jan Rehwinkel, Peter Vandenabeele, Wim Declercq, Jonathan Maelfait
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)

Aberrant detection of endogenous nucleic acids by the immune system can cause inflammatory disease. The scaffold function of the signaling kinase RIPK1 limits spontaneous activation of the nucleic acid sensor ZBP1. Consequently, loss of RIPK1 in keratinocytes induces ZBP1-dependent necroptosis and skin inflammation. Whether nucleic acid sensing is required to activate ZBP1 in RIPK1-deficient conditions and which immune pathways are associated with skin disease remained open questions. Using knock-in mice with disrupted ZBP1 nucleic acid-binding activity, we report that sensing of endogenous nucleic acids by ZBP1 is critical in driving skin pathology characterized by antiviral and IL-17 immune responses. Inducing ZBP1 expression by interferons triggers necroptosis in RIPK1-deficient keratinocytes, and epidermis-specific deletion of MLKL prevents disease, demonstrating that cell-intrinsic events cause inflammation. These findings indicate that dysregulated sensing of endogenous nucleic acid by ZBP1 can drive inflammation and may contribute to the pathogenesis of IL-17-driven inflammatory skin conditions such as psoriasis.
Abstract A11: Betel nut chewing, oral Cyanobacteria, and exposure to cyanotoxins
Authors: Brenda Y. Hernandez, Xuemei Zhu, Patrick Sotto, Yvette Paulino
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Betel nut from the Areca catechu palm tree, chewed alone or as a quid wrapped in Piper betle leaf, is the 4th most widely used addictive substance globally, primarily in parts of Asia and the Pacific. Betel nut chewing is an independent cause of cancers of the oral cavity and esophagus and has been linked to other malignancies. We evaluated 16S rRNA in oral cavity swabs and saliva obtained from 122 adults (64 current betel nut chewers, 37 former chewers, 21 never chewers) in Guam. Cyanobacteria was detected at 90-fold higher abundance in oral samples from current betel nut compared to both former and never chewers. Cyanobacteria was also the predominant bacterial taxa detected in Areca catechu nuts and Piper betle leaves.16S sequence data were evaluated using PICRUSt to predict gene families and to generate a composite metagenome. AntiSMASH 5.0 was used for the analysis of gene marker data corresponding to secondary metabolites. Cyanotoxins, including microcystins, nodularins, and cylindrospermopsin, as well as other secondary metabolites were identified as putative secondary metabolites. Subsets of oral and plant samples evaluated via ELISA confirmed the presence of these metabolites. The identification of these cyanotoxins in this population suggests their possible contribution to betel nut-associated carcinogenesis. Citation Format: Brenda Y. Hernandez, Xuemei Zhu, Patrick Sotto, Yvette Paulino. Betel nut chewing, oral Cyanobacteria, and exposure to cyanotoxins [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Microbiome, Viruses, and Cancer; 2020 Feb 21-24; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(8 Suppl):Abstract nr A11.
Comparison of Notoginsenoside R1 and TPO on Thrombopoiesis in Irradiated Mice.
Authors: Mo Yang, T.L. Lam, Karen Kwai Har Li, L.K. Leung, KM Lau, S.W. Cheng, N.H. Pong, C.P. Lau, K.P. Fung, Tai Fai Fok
Journal: Blood (2004)