tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reply to Sanfilippo <i>et al.</i> and to Caviedes <i>et al.</i>
Authors: Deepa J. Arachchillage, Sujal R. Desai, Anand Devaraj, Carole A. Ridge, Simon P. G. Padley, Brijesh V. Patel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)

the hypercoagulability state was mainly attributed to platelets and fibrin.Similarly, a recent study suggests that heparin treatment does not change mortality in severe COVID-19 cases (4).In contrast, a case series study suggests that tissue plasminogen activator treatment improved COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (5).Based on these findings, antiplatelet or fibrinolytic drugs could be studied for thrombosis prevention and treatment for patients with COVID-19 in the future.However, this study raised several concerns.First, this study only included patients who underwent CTPA.The contrast medium used in CTPA may cause renal damage, which is also a common complication of COVID-19, and thus CTPA may not be routinely performed in patients with severe COVID-19 but only in those with suspected pulmonary embolism in the clinical practice.This may lead to a selection bias of patients and overestimate the rate of pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19 on mechanical ventilation, especially in such a retrospective study.Second, the average platelet counts were (272 6 77) 3 10 9 /L in the patients who received mechanical ventilation in this study, which were different from the previous cohort study in which thrombocytopenia has been reported to be common in patients who were critically ill with COVID-19 (6).Third, the therapy from pulmonary embolism was not discussed in this study; it would be interesting to discuss whether the treatment for pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19 should be different from pulmonary embolism treatment in patients without COVID-19.Overall, Patel and colleagues' study (2) is interesting in demonstrating a high rate of peripheral pulmonary vessel dilation and pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19, which may suggest that pulmonary vasculature is a common target of COVID-19.How these vascular changes affect COVID-19 development may need further study.
Association of Metabolic Surgery With Major Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Previous Myocardial Infarction and Severe Obesity
Authors: Erik Näslund, Erik Stenberg, Robin Hofmann, Johan Ottosson, Magnus Sundbom, Richard Marsk, Per Svensson, Karolina Szummer, Tomas Jernberg
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: The number of patients with myocardial infarction and severe obesity is increasing and there is a lack of evidence how these patients should be treated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between metabolic surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy) and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI) and severe obesity. Methods: Of 566 patients with previous MI registered in the SWEDEHEART registry (Swedish Web-System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies) undergoing metabolic surgery and registered in the nationwide Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry, 509 patients (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass n=465; sleeve gastrectomy n=44) could be matched 1:1 to a control with MI from SWEDEHEART, but no subsequent metabolic surgery regarding sex, age (±3 years), year of MI (±3 years), and body mass index (±3). The 2 groups were well matched, except for a lower proportion of reduced ejection fraction after MI (7% versus 12%), previous heart failure (10% versus 19%), atrial fibrillation (6% versus 10%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (4% versus 7%) in patients undergoing metabolic surgery. Results: The median (interquartile range) follow-up time was 4.6 (2.7–7.1) years. The 8-year cumulative probability of major adverse cardiovascular events was lower in patients undergoing metabolic surgery (18.7% [95% CI, 15.9–21.5%] versus 36.2% [33.2–39.3%], adjusted hazard ratio, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.32–0.61]). Patients undergoing metabolic surgery had also a lower risk of death (adjusted HR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.29–0.70]; MI, 0.24 [0.14–0.41]) and new onset heart failure, but there were no significant differences regarding stroke (0.91 [0.38–2.20]) and new onset atrial fibrillation (0.56 [0.31–1.01]). Conclusions: In severely obese patients with previous MI, metabolic surgery is associated with a low risk for serious complications, lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, death, new MI, and new onset heart failure. These findings need to be confirmed in a randomized, controlled trial.
Characterization of recombinant monoclonal IgA anti-PDC-E2 autoantibodies derived from patients with PBC
Authors: Nobuyoshi Fukushima, Greg Nalbandian, Judy Van De Water, Kandra White, Aftab A. Ansari, Patrick Leung, Thomas Kenny, Shizuo G. Kamita, Bruce D. Hammock, Ross L. Coppel, Freida Stevenson, Hiromi Ishibashi, Eric M. Gershwin
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies to mitochondria (AMA). Recent evidence suggests that PBC develops after a locally driven response in the mucosa, where immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the dominant antibody isotype. In this study, we produced recombinant pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC-E2)—specific dimeric human IgA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in a baculovirus expression system. By using 2 anti—PDC-E2 IgG mAbs derived from patients with PBC, we constructed 2 recombinant baculoviruses, each containing heavy chains with the Cα constant region. These were simultaneously co-infected into Sf9 insect cells with recombinant baculovirus containing the J chain. A sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) immunoblotting profile of the IgA using a 6% nonreducing gel verified the dimeric nature of the autoantibodies. Both recombinants retained their original specificity for PDC-E2. In addition, the antibody showed a mitochondrial staining pattern in HEp2 cells and apically stained the biliary epithelial cells (BECs) in the liver of a patient with PBC but not a normal patient. Transcytosis experiments performed using human polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) expressing Madine-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells showed that one of the recombinants showed a high degree of colocalization with PDC-E2. In conclusion, these data provide further support of the hypothesis that PDC-E2-specific IgA may enter biliary epithelial cells of PBC patients via the pIgR and complex with PDC-E2, thereby potentially contributing to the pathology of BECs. Moreover, this recombinant PDC-E2-specific mAb provides a tool for further determination of the role of anti-PDC-E2 IgA in the pathogenesis of PBC. (Hepatology2002;36:1383-1392).
SARS-CoV-2–specific T cells are rapidly expanded for therapeutic use and target conserved regions of the membrane protein
Authors: Michael D. Keller, Katherine M. Harris, Mariah A. Jensen-Wachspress, Vaishnavi V. Kankate, Haili Lang, Christopher A. Lazarski, Jessica Durkee-Shock, Ping-Hsien Lee, Kajal Chaudhry, Kathleen Webber, Anushree Datar, Madeline Terpilowski, Emily K. Reynolds, Eva M. Stevenson, Stephanie Val, Zoe Shancer, Nan Zhang, Robert Ulrey, Uduak Ekanem, Maja Stanojevic, Ashley Geiger, Hua Liang, Fahmida Hoq, Allistair A. Abraham, Patrick J. Hanley, C. Russell Cruz, Kathleen Ferrer, Lesia Dropulic, Krista Gangler, Peter D. Burbelo, R. Brad Jones, Jeffrey I. Cohen, Catherine M. Bollard
Journal: Blood (2020)
Intelligent H2S release coating for regulating vascular remodeling
Authors: Bingyang Lu, Xiao Han, Ansha Zhao, Dan Luo, Manfred F. Maitz, Haohao Wang, Ping Yang, Nan Huang
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2020)

Coronary atherosclerotic lesions exhibit a low-pH chronic inflammatory response. Due to insufficient drug release control, drug-eluting stent intervention can lead to delayed endothelialization, advanced thrombosis, and unprecise treatment. In this study, hyaluronic acid and chitosan were used to prepare pH-responsive self-assembling films. The hydrogen sulfide (H2S) releasing aspirin derivative ACS14 was used as drug in the film. The film regulates the release of the drug adjusted to the microenvironment of the lesion, and the drug balances the vascular function by releasing the regulating gas H2S, which comparably to NO promotes the self-healing capacity of blood vessels. Drug releasing profiles of the films at different pH, and other biological effects on blood vessels were evaluated through blood compatibility, cellular, and implantation experiments. This novel method of self-assembled films which H2S in an amount, which is adjusted to the condition of the lesion provides a new concept for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Fatty acid‐binding protein 3 controls contact hypersensitivity through regulating skin dermal Vγ4 <sup>+</sup> γ/δ T cell in a murine model
Authors: Shuhei Kobayashi, Hai The Phung, Yoshiteru Kagawa, Hirofumi Miyazaki, Yu Takahashi, Atsuko Asao, Takashi Maruyama, Akihiko Yoshimura, Naoto Ishii, Yuji Owada
Journal: Allergy (2020)

Fatty acid-binding protein 3 (FABP3) is a cytosolic carrier protein of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and regulates cellular metabolism. However, the physiological functions of FABP3 in immune cells and how FABP3 regulates inflammatory responses remain unclear.
sFRP2 Supersedes VEGF as an Age-related Driver of Angiogenesis in Melanoma, Affecting Response to Anti-VEGF Therapy in Older Patients
Authors: Mitchell E. Fane, Brett L. Ecker, Amanpreet Kaur, Gloria E. Marino, Gretchen M. Alicea, Stephen M. Douglass, Yash Chhabra, Marie R. Webster, Andrea Marshall, Richard Colling, Olivia Espinosa, Nicholas Coupe, Neera Maroo, Leticia Campo, Mark R. Middleton, Pippa Corrie, Xiaowei Xu, Giorgos C. Karakousis, Ashani T. Weeraratna
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Angiogenesis is thought to be critical for tumor metastasis. However, inhibiting angiogenesis using antibodies such as bevacizumab (Avastin), has had little impact on melanoma patient survival. We have demonstrated that both angiogenesis and metastasis are increased in older individuals, and therefore sought to investigate whether there was an age-related difference in response to bevacizumab, and if so, what the underlying mechanism could be.
TCT CONNECT-305 Impact of Lesion Location on Cardiovascular Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Drug-Eluting Stents for Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Stenosis
Authors: David Power, Anastasios Roumeliotis, Adam Reisman, Michael Healy, Davide Cao, Mauro Chiarito, Samantha Sartori, Anton Camaj, Bimmer Claessen, Ridhima Goel, Johny Nicolas, Rishi Chandiramani, Zhongjie Zhang, George Dangas, Roxana Mehran, Annapoorna Kini, Samin Sharma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Comprehensive Sequencing Analysis in Subcutaneous Panniculitis-like T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Chantana Polprasert, Yasuhide Takeuchi, Hideki Makishima, Nobuyuki Kakiuchi, Kenichi Yoshida, Keisuke Kataoka, Masashi Sanada, Nobuhiro Akita, Yuichi Shiraishi, Yusuke Shiozawa, Kenichi Chiba, Hiroko Tanaka, Thamathorn Assanasen, Wimonmas Sitthi, Arunrat Pirunsarn, Udomsak Bunworasate, Kitsada Wudhikarn, Panisinee Lawasut, Sunisa Kongkiatkamon, Satoru Miyano, Ponlapat Rojnuckarin, Seishi Ogawa
Journal: Blood (2017)
TCT CONNECT-334 Beneficial Left Ventricular Remodeling and Hemodynamic Improvement Following Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement With an Apically Tethered Prosthesis
Authors: Paul Sorajja, Alison Duncan, David Muller, Vinay Badhwar, Brian Bethea, Andrea Garatti, Thomas Walther, Jeremy Glynn, Thomas Modine
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Targeted delivery of lopinavir to HIV reservoirs in the mesenteric lymphatic system by lipophilic ester prodrug approach
Authors: Chaolong Qin, YenJu Chu, Wanshan Feng, Christophe Fromont, Sijia He, Joseph Ali, Jong Bong Lee, Atheer Zgair, Mattia Berton, Sara Bettonte, Ruiling Liu, Lei Yang, Teerapong Monmaturapoj, Concepción Medrano-Padial, Allen Alonso Rodríguez Ugalde, Daria Vetrugno, Shi Ying Ee, Charles Sheriston, Yuntao Wu, Michael J. Stocks, Peter M. Fischer, Pavel Gershkovich
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2020)
The management of mild asthma
Authors: Paul M. O'Byrne, Helen K. Reddel, Richard Beasley
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) have been recommended as a maintenance treatment, either alone or together with long-acting inhaled β 2 -agonists, for all asthma patients. Short-acting β 2 -agonists (SABAs) are rapid-onset bronchodilators, which provide symptom relief, but have no anti-inflammatory properties, yet are the most widely used as-needed reliever treatment for asthma and often the only treatment prescribed. Asthma patients can find adhering to daily preventative medication with ICS difficult and will often revert to using as-needed SABA as their only treatment, increasing their risk of exacerbations. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the efficacy of reliever medications that contain ICS compared with SABA as reliever, or with maintenance ICS and SABA as reliever, in mild asthma patients. Nine studies were identified that have evaluated the use of ICS as a component of an as-needed reliever in patients with mild asthma. Four of the most recent studies compared the combination of ICS/formoterol to SABA as reliever. ICS-containing reliever medication was superior to SABA as reliever alone, and was equivalent to maintenance ICS and SABA as reliever, particularly in reducing risks of severe asthma exacerbations, in studies which compared these reliever options. SABAs should not be used as a reliever without ICS. The concern about patients with mild asthma not being adherent to maintenance ICS supports a recommendation that ICS/formoterol should be considered as a treatment option instead of maintenance ICS, to avoid the risk of patients reverting to SABA alone.
TCT CONNECT-158 Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Drug Eluting Stents Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients With Impaired Renal Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Andreas Tzoumas, Aspasia Tzani, Ilias Doulamis, Dimitrios Iliopoulos, Alexandros Briasoulis, Polydoros Kampaktsis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Review on Biomedical Sensors, Technologies and Algorithms for Diagnosis of Sleep Disordered Breathing: Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Sahar Ahmadzadeh, Jikui Luo, Richard Wiffen
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2020)

This paper provides a comprehensive review of available technologies for measurements of vital physiology related parameters that cause sleep disordered breathing (SDB). SDB is a chronic disease that may lead to several health problems and increase the risk of high blood pressure and even heart attack. Therefore, the diagnosis of SDB at an early stage is very important. The essential primary step before diagnosis is measurement. Vital health parameters related to SBD might be measured through invasive or non-invasive methods. Nowadays, with respect to increase in aging population, improvement in home health management systems is needed more than even a decade ago. Moreover, traditional health parameter measurement techniques such as polysomnography are not comfortable and introduce additional costs to the consumers. Therefore, in modern advanced self-health management devices, electronics and communication science are combined to provide appliances that can be used for SDB diagnosis, by monitoring a patient's physiological parameters with more comfort and accuracy. Additionally, development in machine learning algorithms provides accurate methods of analysing measured signals. This paper provides a comprehensive review of measurement approaches, data transmission, and communication networks, alongside machine learning algorithms for sleep stage classification, to diagnose SDB.
Recognising and explaining functional neurological disorder
Authors: Jon Stone, Chris Burton, Alan Carson
Journal: BMJ (2020)

### What you need to know

Functional disorders are conditions whose origin arises primarily from a disorder of nervous system functioning rather than clearly identifiable pathophysiological disease—such as irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia, and functional neurological disorder (FND)—they are the second commonest reason for new neurology consultations.1 FND is common in emergency settings,2 stroke,3 and rehabilitation services.4 It causes considerable physical disability and distress, and often places an economic burden both on patients and health services.5 Many clinicians have had little formal clinical education on the assessment and management of these disorders, and patients are often not offered potentially effective treatments.

In practice, FND should be diagnosed by someone with specific expertise in the diagnosis of neurological conditions. Our recommendation is to refer all patients with a suspected diagnosis of FND to secondary care. However, the diagnosis may be raised as a possibility with the patient in primary care, and knowledge of how the diagnosis is confirmed greatly aids subsequent management.

In this article we offer evidence based advice to generalists on how to recognise FND, based on clinical diagnostic and prognostic studies. Although the focus of this paper is on recognising FND, we have included a short box on management to make readers aware that there are good treatments available for FND and that some patients can get better.

### Sources and selection criteria

We conducted a PubMed search of evidence for diagnosis of functional neurological disorder (FND) until June 2020, especially systematic reviews.14 …
Long-acting nanoparticulate DNase-1 for effective suppression of SARS-CoV-2-mediated neutrophil activities and cytokine storm
Authors: Yun Young Lee, Hee Ho Park, Wooram Park, Hyelim Kim, Jong Geol Jang, Kyung Soo Hong, Jae-Young Lee, Hee Seung Seo, Dong Hee Na, Tae-Hyung Kim, Young Bin Choy, June Hong Ahn, Wonhwa Lee, Chun Gwon Park
Journal: Biomaterials (2020)
Lung megakaryocytes are immune modulatory cells
Authors: Daphne N. Pariser, Zachary T. Hilt, Sara K. Ture, Sara K. Blick-Nitko, Mark R. Looney, Simon J. Cleary, Estheany Roman-Pagan, Jerry Saunders, Steve N. Georas, Janelle Veazey, Ferralita Madere, Laura Tesoro Santos, Allison Arne, Nguyen P.T. Huynh, Alison C. Livada, Selena M. Guerrero-Martin, Claire Lyons, Kelly A. Metcalf-Pate, Kathleen E. McGrath, James Palis, Craig N. Morrell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

Although platelets are the cellular mediators of thrombosis, they are also immune cells. Platelets interact both directly and indirectly with immune cells, impacting their activation and differentiation, as well as all phases of the immune response. Megakaryocytes (Mks) are the cell source of circulating platelets, and until recently Mks were typically only considered bone marrow-resident (BM-resident) cells. However, platelet-producing Mks also reside in the lung, and lung Mks express greater levels of immune molecules compared with BM Mks. We therefore sought to define the immune functions of lung Mks. Using single-cell RNA sequencing of BM and lung myeloid-enriched cells, we found that lung Mks, which we term MkL, had gene expression patterns that are similar to antigen-presenting cells. This was confirmed using imaging and conventional flow cytometry. The immune phenotype of Mks was plastic and driven by the tissue immune environment, as evidenced by BM Mks having an MkL-like phenotype under the influence of pathogen receptor challenge and lung-associated immune molecules, such as IL-33. Our in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that MkL internalized and processed both antigenic proteins and bacterial pathogens. Furthermore, MkL induced CD4+ T cell activation in an MHC II-dependent manner both in vitro and in vivo. These data indicated that MkL had key immune regulatory roles dictated in part by the tissue environment.
Covid-19: Second wave death rate is doubling fortnightly but is lower and slower than in March
Authors: Shaun Griffin
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Covid-19: Second wave death rate is doubling fortnightly but is lower and slower than in March Shaun GriffinEngland and Wales registered 9954 deaths in the week ending 9 October 2020, 1.5% above the five year average, provisional data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) have shown. 1Of these deaths, 4.4% (438) mentioned covid-19, up from 3.2% (117) the previous week.2
USP19 suppresses inflammation and promotes M2-like macrophage polarization by manipulating NLRP3 function via autophagy
Authors: Tao Liu, Liqiu Wang, Puping Liang, Xiaojuan Wang, Yukun Liu, Jing Cai, Yuanchu She, Dan Wang, Zhi Wang, Zhiyong Guo, Samuel Bates, Xiaojun Xia, Junjiu Huang, Jun Cui
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2020)
TCT CONNECT-358 Percutaneous Immobilization of All of the Posterior Mitral Leaflet Atrial Aspect and Base of the Anterior Leaflet for Repair of Primary Posterior Leaflet MR: New Device and New Dual Spiders Coupling Elements Tacking It Directly to the Leaflets Themselves
Authors: Aram Smolinsky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Translating Research on Diabetes and Obesity in Pregnancy Into Prevention: The 2019 Norbert Freinkel Award Lecture
Authors: Assiamira Ferrara
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

Epidemiological studies on the intergenerational transmission of hyperglycemia and obesity via in utero exposure have established the scientific foundation for the vicious cycle of diabetes and obesity. The findings compel us to address an urgent public health question: how do we break this vicious cycle and implement upstream prevention strategies that are feasible for patients and health care delivery systems? To address this question, it is necessary to work across a continuum of translational research from basic science, epidemiology, and efficacy trials to pragmatic trials, which, along with evaluations of health programs, may lead to implementation of positive changes in clinical care. Three strategies for translating research on diabetes and obesity in pregnancy into prevention are discussed: 1) identifying diagnostic criteria of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) practicable in clinical settings to implement treatment and prevention, 2) examining trends in the prevalence of diabetes in pregnancy and related complications across racial/ethnic groups to plan prevention efforts, and 3) developing and evaluating scalable upstream diabetes and obesity prevention interventions. Upstream preventive interventions aimed at breaking the vicious cycle are discussed. Areas of future research needed to break the vicious cycle are identified. Evaluating the effectiveness of programs for the management of pregnancy hyperglycemia is necessary to reduce complications. Understanding racial/ethnic differences in the pathophysiology of GDM and its complications will be important for risk stratification. Pragmatic trials in real-world clinical settings for upstream prevention are needed to break the vicious cycle at the population level. Finally, leveraging basic science with intergenerational studies will inform targeted interventions.