tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phase II trial of hippocampal-sparing whole brain irradiation with simultaneous integrated boost for metastatic cancer
Authors: Kenneth D Westover, J Travis Mendel, Tu Dan, Kiran Kumar, Ang Gao, Suprabha Pulipparacharuv, Puneeth Iyengar, Lucien Nedzi, Raquibul Hannan, John Anderson, Kevin S Choe, Wen Jiang, Ramzi Abdulrahman, Asal Rahimi, Michael Folkert, Aaron Laine, Chase Presley, C Munro Cullum, Hak Choy, Chul Ahn, Robert Timmerman
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2020)

Abstract Background Advanced radiotherapeutic treatment techniques limit the cognitive morbidity associated with whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) for brain metastasis through avoidance of hippocampal structures. However, achieving durable intracranial control remains challenging. Methods We conducted a single-institution single-arm phase II trial of hippocampal-sparing whole brain irradiation with simultaneous integrated boost (HSIB-WBRT) to metastatic deposits in adult patients with brain metastasis. Radiation therapy consisted of intensity-modulated radiation therapy delivering 20 Gy in 10 fractions over 2–2.5 weeks to the whole brain with a simultaneous integrated boost of 40 Gy in 10 fractions to metastatic lesions. Hippocampal regions were limited to 16 Gy. Cognitive performance and cancer outcomes were evaluated. Results A total of 50 patients, median age 60 years (interquartile range, 54–65), were enrolled. Median progression-free survival was 2.9 months (95% CI: 1.5–4.0) and overall survival was 9 months. As expected, poor survival and end-of-life considerations resulted in a high exclusion rate from cognitive testing. Nevertheless, mean decline in Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised delayed recall (HVLT-R DR) at 3 months after HSIB-WBRT was only 10.6% (95% CI: −36.5‒15.3%). Cumulative incidence of local and intracranial failure with death as a competing risk was 8.8% (95% CI: 2.7‒19.6%) and 21.3% (95% CI: 10.7‒34.2%) at 1 year, respectively. Three grade 3 toxicities consisting of nausea, vomiting, and necrosis or headache were observed in 3 patients. Scores on the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory 20 remained stable for evaluable patients at 3 months. Conclusions HVLT-R DR after HSIB-WBRT was significantly improved compared with historical outcomes in patients treated with traditional WBRT, while achieving intracranial control similar to patients treated with WBRT plus stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). This technique can be considered in select patients with multiple brain metastases who cannot otherwise receive SRS.
Platelet Reactivity in Individuals Over 65 Years Old Is Not Modulated by Age
Authors: Melissa V. Chan, Ming-Huei Chen, Temo Barwari, Jennifer E. Huffman, Paul C. Armstrong, Shih-Jen Hwang, Peter Santer, Brigitte Wierer, Manuel Mayr, Stefan Kiechl, Andrew D. Johnson, Johann Willeit, Timothy D. Warner
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)
Blood phosphorylated tau 181 as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease: a diagnostic performance and prediction modelling study using data from four prospective cohorts
Authors: Thomas K Karikari, Tharick A Pascoal, Nicholas J Ashton, Shorena Janelidze, Andréa Lessa Benedet, Juan Lantero Rodriguez, Mira Chamoun, Melissa Savard, Min Su Kang, Joseph Therriault, Michael Schöll, Gassan Massarweh, Jean-Paul Soucy, Kina Höglund, Gunnar Brinkmalm, Niklas Mattsson, Sebastian Palmqvist, Serge Gauthier, Erik Stomrud, Henrik Zetterberg, Oskar Hansson, Pedro Rosa-Neto, Kaj Blennow
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2020)
COVID-19 and smoking: is nicotine the hidden link?
Authors: Patrizia Russo, Stefano Bonassi, Robertina Giacconi, Marco Malavolta, Carlo Tomino, Fabrizio Maggi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Leung et al. [1] have recently published, in the European Respiratory Journal , a paper on the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE-2) in the small airway epithelia of smokers and COPD patients, discussing its effects on the risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The authors found an increased expression of the ACE-2 gene in the airways of subjects with COPD and in current smokers. Indeed, a recent systematic review reporting data on the smoking habits of patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), concluded that smoking may be associated with a negative progression of the disease and with the adverse outcome [2]. Nicotine via alpha7-nicotinic receptor induces ACE-2 overexpression in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpC) <https://bit.ly/3eJ5b35>
Reduced Rate of Hospital Admissions for ACS during Covid-19 Outbreak in Northern Italy
Authors: Ovidio De Filippo, Fabrizio D’Ascenzo, Filippo Angelini, Pier Paolo Bocchino, Federico Conrotto, Andrea Saglietto, Gioel Gabrio Secco, Gianluca Campo, Guglielmo Gallone, Roberto Verardi, Luca Gaido, Mario Iannaccone, Marcello Galvani, Fabrizio Ugo, Umberto Barbero, Vincenzo Infantino, Luca Olivotti, Marco Mennuni, Sebastiano Gili, Fabio Infusino, Matteo Vercellino, Ottavio Zucchetti, Gianni Casella, Massimo Giammaria, Giacomo Boccuzzi, Paolo Tolomeo, Baldassarre Doronzo, Gaetano Senatore, Walter Grosso Marra, Andrea Rognoni, Daniela Trabattoni, Luca Franchin, Andrea Borin, Francesco Bruno, Alessandro Galluzzo, Alfonso Gambino, Annamaria Nicolino, Alessandra Truffa Giachet, Gennaro Sardella, Francesco Fedele, Silvia Monticone, Antonio Montefusco, Pierluigi Omedè, Mauro Pennone, Giuseppe Patti, Massimo Mancone, Gaetano M. De Ferrari
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

fully explained by Covid-19 cases alone. 5This observation and data from our study raise the question of wheth-
Low risk of COVID-19 transmission in GI endoscopy
Authors: Alessandro Repici, Giovanni Aragona, Gianpaolo Cengia, Paolo Cantù, Marco Spadaccini, Roberta Maselli, Silvia Carrara, Andrea Anderloni, Alessandro Fugazza, Fabio Pace, Thomas Rösch
Journal: Gut (2020)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Fishing gear is constantly being improved to select certain sizes and species while excluding others. Experiments are conducted to quantify the selectivity and the resulting data needs to be analyzed using specialized statistical methods in many cases. Here, we present a new estimation tool for analyzing this type of data: an R package named selfisher. It can be used for both active and passive gears, and can handle different trial designs. It allows fitting models containing multiple fixed effects (e.g. length, total catch weight, mesh size, water turbidity) and random effects (e.g. haul). A bootstrapping procedure is provided to account for between and within haul variability and overdispersion. We demonstrate its use via four case studies including (1) covered codend analyses of four gears, (2) a paired gear study with numerous potential covariates, (3) a catch comparison study of unpaired hauls of gillnets and (4) a catch comparison study of paired hauls using polynomials and splines. This free and open source software will make it easier to model fishing gear selectivity, teach the statistical methods, and make analyses more repeatable.
Screening and triage at health-care facilities in Timor-Leste during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rosemary Howitt, Gustodio Alves de Jesus, Flavio Araujo, Joshua Francis, Ian Marr, Melanie McVean, Eleanor MacMorran, Victoria Rollinson, Antonieta Chung, Teem Wing Yip
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2020)
Microbial and metabolic impacts of trehalose and trehalose analogues
Authors: Yiming Zhang, Brian J. DeBosch
Journal: Gut Microbes (2020)

Trehalose is a disaccharide and fasting-mimetic that has been both canonized and vilified for its putative cardiometabolic and microbial effects. Trehalose analogues are currently under development to extend the key metabolic therapeutic actions of trehalose without adversely affecting host microbial communities. In the current study, we contrast the extent to which trehalose and its degradation-resistant analogue, lactotrehalose (LT), modulate microbial communities and host transcriptomic profiles. We demonstrate that trehalose and LT each exert adaptive metabolic and microbial effects that both overlap and diverge. We postulate that these effects depend both upon compound stability and bioavailability, and on stereospecific signal transduction. In context, the data suggest that trehalose is unlikely to be harmful, and yet it harbors unique effects that are not yet fully replicated by its analogues. These compounds are thus valuable probes to better define trehalose structure-function, and to offer as therapeutic metabolic agents.
Radiological Patterns of Drug-induced Interstitial Lung Disease (DILD) in Early-phase Oncology Clinical Trials
Authors: Angelika Terbuch, Crescens Tiu, Irene Moreno Candilejo, Mariana Scaranti, Andra Curcean, Dan Bar, Miriam Estevez Timon, Malaka Ameratunga, Joo Ern Ang, Jonathan Ratoff, Anna R. Minchom, Udai Banerji, Johann S. de Bono, Nina Tunariu, Juanita S. Lopez
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DILD) is a rare, but potentially fatal toxicity. Clinical and radiological features of DILD in the early experimental setting are poorly described.
Therapy Control in a Patient With an Inflammatory Abdominal Aneurysm
Authors: Lars Husmann, Martin W. Huellner, Barbara Hasse
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract We present a case of inflammatory abdominal arterial aneurysms, which demonstrates the potential usefulness of PET/CT with 18 F-FDG in long-term monitoring of this disease, but also demonstrates potential pitfalls in abdominal arterial aneurysm imaging with PET/CT. Imaging may be challenged as the initial presentation prior to therapy may mimic an infected aneurysm. Follow-up images may be mistaken for vascular graft infection or persistent disease.
Use of tanezumab for patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis with reference to a randomised clinical trial by Berenbaum and colleagues
Authors: Daniel Riddle, Robert Perera
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Publication spin, in the context of randomised clinical trials, is defined as ‘use of specific reporting strategies, from whatever motive, to highlight that the experimental treatment is beneficial, despite a statistically nonsignificant difference for the primary outcome, or to distract the reader from statistically nonsignificant results’ (p. 2059).1 In our view, a secondary but clinically important alternative type of publication spin is reliance on statistically significant findings without regard to potential clinical implications of the estimated effects. The American Statistical Association (ASA) has commented on this issue, stating a statistically significant effect does not inform its size or importance.2 A later editorial more explicitly states that conclusions not be based solely on statistical significance.3 We believe the recently published trial by Berenbaum and colleagues4 meets our secondary definition of publication spin and does not meet the recommendation endorsed by the ASA.

Berenbaum and colleagues conducted a three-arm phase III randomised …
Retraction Note: RGD-FasL Induces Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhongchen Liu, Juan Wang, Ping Yin, Jinhua Qiu, Ruizhen Liu, Wenzhu Li, Xin Fan, Xiaofeng Cheng, Caixia Chen, Jiakai Zhang, Guohong Zhuang
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2013)
Reimagining What We Measure in Atherosclerosis—a “Phenotype Stack”
Authors: Calum A. MacRae, Robert M. Califf
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)

The term phenotype is so commonly used that we often assume that we each mean the same thing. The general definition, the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of their genotype with the environment, is often left to the eye of the beholder. Whether applied to the multiple levels of biological phenomena or the intact human being, our ability to characterize, classify, and analyze phenotype has been limited by measurement deficits, computing limitations, and a culture that avoids the generalizable. With the advent of modern technology, there is the potential for a revolution in phenotyping, which incorporates old and new in structured ways to dramatically advance basic understanding of biology and behavior and to lead to major improvements in clinical care and public health. This revolution in how we think about phenotypes will require a radical change in the scale at which biomedicine operates with significant changes in the unit of action, which will have far-reaching implications for how care, translation, and discovery are implemented.
A Patient With a 10-Year History of Generalized Pruritus
Authors: Julian Boix-Vilanova, Anabel Ballester, Juan Garcias-Ladaria
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Estimated population wide benefits and risks in China of lowering sodium through potassium enriched salt substitution: modelling study
Authors: Matti Marklund, Gitanjali Singh, Raquel Greer, Frederick Cudhea, Kunihiro Matsushita, Renata Micha, Tammy Brady, Di Zhao, Liping Huang, Maoyi Tian, Laura Cobb, Bruce Neal, Lawrence J Appel, Dariush Mozaffarian, Jason H Y Wu
Journal: BMJ (2020)

To estimate the effects of nationwide replacement of discretionary salt (used at table or during cooking) with potassium enriched salt substitute on morbidity and death from cardiovascular disease in China.Modelling study.China.Adult population in China, and specifically individuals with chronic kidney disease (about 17 million people).Comparative risk assessment models were used to estimate the effects of a nationwide intervention to replace discretionary dietary salt with potassium enriched salt substitutes (20-30% potassium chloride). The models incorporated existing data and corresponding uncertainties from randomised trials, the China National Survey of Chronic Kidney Disease, the Global Burden of Disease Study, and the Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium.Averted deaths from cardiovascular disease, non-fatal events, and disability adjusted life years from a reduction in blood pressure were estimated after implementation of potassium enriched salt substitution. In individuals with chronic kidney disease, additional deaths from cardiovascular disease related to hyperkalaemia from increased intake of potassium were calculated. The net effects on deaths from cardiovascular disease were estimated as the difference and ratio of averted and additional deaths from cardiovascular disease.Nationwide implementation of potassium enriched salt substitution could prevent about 461 000 (95% uncertainty interval 196 339 to 704 438) deaths annually from cardiovascular disease, corresponding to 11.0% (4.7% to 16.8%) of annual deaths from cardiovascular disease in China; 743 000 (305 803 to 1 273 098) non-fatal cardiovascular events annually; and 7.9 (3.3 to 12.9) million disability adjusted life years related to cardiovascular disease annually. The intervention could potentially produce an estimated 11 000 (6422 to 16 562) additional deaths related to hyperkalaemia in individuals with chronic kidney disease. The net effect would be about 450 000 (183 699 to 697 084) fewer deaths annually from cardiovascular disease in the overall population and 21 000 (1928 to 42 926) fewer deaths in individuals with chronic kidney disease. In deterministic sensitivity analyses, with changes to key model inputs and assumptions, net benefits were consistent in the total population and in individuals with chronic kidney disease, with averted deaths outweighing additional deaths.Nationwide potassium enriched salt substitution in China was estimated to result in a substantial net benefit, preventing around one in nine deaths from cardiovascular disease overall. Taking account of the risks of hyperkalaemia, a substantial net benefit was also estimated for individuals with chronic kidney disease.
Managing Cancer Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond
Authors: Omar Alhalabi, Vivek Subbiah
Journal: Trends in cancer (2020)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is posing insurmountable challenges to healthcare systems globally. Cancer therapy is complex, and outcomes are centered on timing. Many oncology societies and health ministries have issued guidelines for cancer care to enable oncologists and patients to navigate the crisis. Lessons learned should inform care models for future pandemics.
Validation of a Ductal Carcinoma <i>In Situ</i> Biomarker Profile for Risk of Recurrence after Breast-Conserving Surgery with and without Radiotherapy
Authors: Sheila Weinmann, Michael C. Leo, Melanie Francisco, Charisma L. Jenkins, Todd Barry, Glen Leesman, Steven P. Linke, Pat W. Whitworth, Rakesh Patel, James Pellicane, Fredrik Wärnberg, Troy Bremer
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

A major challenge in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) treatment is selection of the most appropriate therapeutic approach for individual patients. We conducted an external prospective-retrospective clinical validation of a DCIS biologic risk signature, DCISionRT, in a population-based observational cohort of women diagnosed with DCIS and treated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS).Participants were 455 health plan members of Kaiser Permanente Northwest diagnosed with DCIS and treated with BCS with or without radiotherapy from 1990 to 2007. The biologic signature combined seven protein tumor markers assessed in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue with four clinicopathologic factors to provide a DCISionRT test result, termed decision score (DS). Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to measure the association of the DS, continuous (linear) or categorical (DS ≤ 3 vs. DS > 3), and subsequent total ipsilateral breast events and invasive ipsilateral breast events at least 6 months after initial surgery.In Cox regression, the continuous and categorical DS variables were positively associated with total and invasive breast event risk after adjustment for radiotherapy. In a subset analysis by treatment group, categorical Kaplan-Meier analyses showed at least 2-fold differences in 10-year risk of total breast events between the elevated-risk and low-risk DS categories.In this first external validation study of the DCISionRT test, the DS was prognostic for the risk of later breast events for women diagnosed with DCIS, following BCS.
Mutations Upstream of the TBX5 and PITX1 Transcription Factor Genes Are Associated with Feathered Legs in the Domestic Chicken
Authors: Jingyi Li, MiOk Lee, Brian W Davis, Sangeet Lamichhaney, Ben J Dorshorst, Paul B Siegel, Leif Andersson*
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2020)

Abstract Feathered leg is a trait in domestic chickens that has undergone intense selection by fancy breeders. Previous studies have shown that two major loci controlling feathered leg are located on chromosomes 13 and 15. Here, we present genetic evidence for the identification of candidate causal mutations at these loci. This was accomplished by combining classical linkage mapping using an experimental cross segregating for feathered leg and high-resolution identical-by-descent mapping using whole-genome sequence data from 167 samples of chicken with or without feathered legs. The first predicted causal mutation is a single-base change located 25 kb upstream of the gene for the forelimb-specific transcription factor TBX5 on chromosome 15. The second is a 17.7-kb deletion located ∼200 kb upstream of the gene for the hindlimb-specific transcription factor PITX1 on chromosome 13. These mutations are predicted to activate TBX5 and repress PITX1 expression, respectively. The study reveals a remarkable convergence in the evolution of the feathered-leg phenotype in domestic chickens and domestic pigeons, as this phenotype is caused by noncoding mutations upstream of the same two genes. Furthermore, the PITX1 causal variants are large overlapping deletions, 17.7 kb in chicken and 44 kb in pigeons. The results of the present study are consistent with the previously proposed model for pigeon that feathered leg is caused by reduced PITX1 expression and ectopic expression of TBX5 in hindlimb buds resulting in a shift of limb identity from hindlimb to more forelimb-like identity.
Identifying strategies to target the metabolic flexibility of tumours
Authors: Andrés Méndez-Lucas, Wei Lin, Paul C. Driscoll, Nathalie Legrave, Laura Novellasdemunt, Chencheng Xie, Mark Charles, Zena Wilson, Neil P. Jones, Stephen Rayport, Manuel Rodríguez-Justo, Vivian Li, James I. MacRae, Nissim Hay, Xin Chen, Mariia Yuneva
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2020)
Mental Health Status Among Children in Home Confinement During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in Hubei Province, China
Authors: Xinyan Xie, Qi Xue, Yu Zhou, Kaiheng Zhu, Qi Liu, Jiajia Zhang, Ranran Song
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

Outbreak in Hubei Province, ChinaAs the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic progressed in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, the Chinese government ordered a nationwide school closure.More than 180 million students in China were restricted to their homes (http:// www.chinanews.com/sh/2020/02-17/9094648.shtml).The COVID-19 infection has become a global pandemic.As of April 9, 2020, the infection has caused 188 countrywide closures around the world and has affected 1 576 021 818 learners (https://zh.unesco.org/themes/education-emergencies/coronavirus-school-closures).The caution about protecting the mental health of children in home confinement is warranted.This study investigated depressive and anxiety symptoms among students in Hubei province, China, which can help optimize interventions on the mental health of children for stakeholders in all countries affected by COVID-19.Methods | In Hubei province, students in Wuhan were restricted to home from January 23, 2020, and those in Huangshi (a city about 52 mi [85 km] from Wuhan) started observing the restrictions on January 24, 2020.The students in the city of Huangshi remained at home until March 23, 2020, and those in Wuhan until April 8, 2020.A total of 2330 students in grades 2 through 6 in 2 primary schools in Hubei province, of whom 845 were from Wuhan and 1485 were from Huangshi, were invited to complete a survey between February 28 and March 5, 2020.