tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous occurrence of Hodgkin disease and tuberculosis in children and adolescents.
Authors: David A. Veron, Patricia Obando, Mauricio Castellanos, Karen S. Fernandez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e20022 Background: The simultaneous co-existence (TB) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a rare entity is a rare entity. The similarities in signs and symptoms of both diseases: cough, fever, weight loss, night sweats, cervical or hiliar adenopathy can lead to delays in the diagnosis of either two entities. In addition, HL treatment with immunosupressors could lead to reactivation or worsening of TB imposing challenges on the initiation of HL treatment. Methods: Retrospective review of HL patients in Guatemala and Argentina from 2010 – 2019. Results: Ten patients with TB-HL were identified. Eight patients were from Guatemala and, 2 from Argentina. There were 4 females and 6 males. Age ranged from 4 – 17 years (mean 10.5 years, media 9 years). Eight patients were suspected to have TB by the referring physician and were found to have TB-HL upon histological and microbial testing of the same lymph node. Two patients were found to have TB-HL by tissue culture at the time of relapse. Initial systemic symptoms included fever (n = 7), weight loss (n = 5), and night sweats (n = 5). Two patients had no systemic symptoms but lymphadenopathy alone. Time for referral to oncology center ranged from 0.5 to 6 months. Histology consisted of nodular sclerosis (n = 5), mixed cellularity (n = 2), lymphocyte predominant (n = 1), lymphocyte depleted (n = 1), unknown (n = 1). Eight patients had advanced disease (stage IIB, IIIB and IVB) and, two stage IIA. HL treatment was given according to the institutional standards depending on stage and risk stratification with ABVD, OEPA/COPDac +/- Radiation therapy, and ICE for relapse. Five patients started anti TB treatment simultaneously with chemotherapy, and five others after completing 1 or 2 cycles of chemotherapy. TB treatment consisted of Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide +/- Ethambutol for 2 months followed by Isoniazid and rifampin for 30-52 weeks. Eight patients have been followed for 3 – 8 years and are alive without evidence of recurrence of TB or HL. One patient died during therapy, another died for causes not related to TB or HL having achieved remission for both. Conclusions: These small case series demonstrates that TB therapy can be given simultaneously with chemotherapy without risking worsening TB infection. Coexistence of TB and HL appears to correlate with advanced disease (higher stage and systemic symptoms) although it does not appear to affect outcomes. In areas were TB is endemic or the prevalence of TB is high, microbiology investigations of biopsy specimen should considered as part of the examination of tissue specimen that is considered to have HL.
Status of professional identity for general practice residents standardized training and influencing factors
Authors: Shuijuan Zhang, Fagang Guo, Yu Cai, Xuekun Zhou, Yaodong Li, Ge Wu, Yajun Li
Journal: BMJ (2019)

The professional identity and the influencing factors were surveyed among 110 resident physicians of general practice standardized training program in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Medical College with a self-designed questionnaire, and 100 valid questionnaires were received. The average score of professional identity was (66.10±13.644), and the six dimensions ranked from high to low: professional behavior, professional efficacy, professional cognition, professional emotion, professional value and professional commitment. There were significant differences in the scores of professional identity among general practitioners with different monthly income (F=2.947, P=0.037) . The survey indicates that the professional identity of the resident physicians of general practice standardized training program is generally low and the income is an important influencing factor.


Key words: 
General practice; Standardized training; Professional identity; Questionnaires
Urinary C peptide creatinine ratio in pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance and type 1 diabetes: evidence for insulin secretion
Authors: Markoska Ankica, Valaiyapathi Rajalakshmi, Thorn Chloe, Dornhorst Anne, 黄融, 范竹萍
Journal: BMJ (2017)

假设
在妊娠期，尿C肽/肌酐比值（UCPCR）能反映正常糖耐量和1型糖尿病的孕妇内源性胰岛素分泌情况。


方法
90例正常糖耐量的孕妇在妊娠28周时进行了口服75 g葡萄糖耐量试验，在空腹和口服葡萄糖120分钟后测定了UCPCR和血清C肽。同时，在超过10周时间内收集了7例1型糖尿病的孕妇，同样检测了UCPCR和血清C肽。


结果
糖耐量正常的孕妇空腹和120分钟时测定的UCPCROGTT和血清C肽OGTT显著相关（rs分别为0.675、0.541，P<0.000 1）。7例1型糖尿病的孕妇空腹UCPCR的中位数为49（6~1 038）pmol/mmol，6名妇女120分钟时的UCPCR中位数升至477（29~1491）pmol/mmol。


结论
UCPCR可反映正常糖耐量和1型糖尿病孕妇的内源性胰岛素分泌量和β细胞活性。
Identification of <i>FGFR2/3</i> fusions from clinical cfDNA NGS using a de novo fusion caller.
Authors: Arielle Yablonovitch, Sante Gnerre, Lesli Ann Kiedrowski, Jennifer Yen, Leo Liu, Elena Helman, Stephen R Fairclough, Rebecca Nagy, Darya Chudova, AmirAli Talasaz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

3545 Background: FGFR2/ 3 rearrangements are promising therapeutic targets, especially in advanced urothelial cancer (aUC) with FDA-approved erdafitinib. Liquid biopsy is an attractive non-invasive method to identify these fusions, but detection in cfDNA is technically challenging due to low tumor shedding levels, short molecules, and wide variation in gene partners. To address this, we developed an assembly-based fusion detection algorithm to call rearrangements in a de novo fashion without reliance on a fixed partner set and applied it to &gt; 15,000 clinical samples. Methods: A cohort of 15,218 patients with mixed cancer types (including 698 aUC patients, as well as breast, cholangiocarcinoma, colorectal, and gastric), plus 276 healthy control samples were previously tested with Guardant360(R), a clinical 74-gene cfDNA NGS-based assay. The median unique molecule coverage was approximately 3,000 molecules sequenced to 15,000x read depth. Samples were reanalyzed in silico using the novel algorithm: in brief, reads aligned to candidate fusion breakpoints were assembled into de Bruijn graphs. Resulting contigs were aligned to the reference and filters were applied to remove technical artifacts. Results: The majority of FGFR2 (86%) and FGFR3 fusion partners (73%) in the mixed cancer cohort were observed only once, consistent with previous reports (Helsten 2016). FGFR3-TACC3 was the most common fusion, occurring in 72% of FGFR3 fusion-positive patients. In 37% of FGFR2 fusion positive patients, the de novo caller detected partners not previously described. In the aUC cohort, FGFR3 fusions were detected in 3.3% of patients, with 8/10 (80%) partner genes/intergenic regions occurring only once, which is in line with previous reports (Nassar 2018). No fusions were identified in 276 healthy control samples. In the mixed cancer cohort, common mutations co-occurring with FGFR2 fusions were FGFR2 N549K, PIK3CA H1047R, and TP53 R175H (5.6% each); KRAS Q61H was observed in 28% of patients with FGFR3 fusions. Conclusions: FGFR2/ 3 fusion partners detected by a highly specific assembly-based de novo fusion caller were heterogeneous and individually rare, highlighting the importance of a de novo approach. We observed an FGFR3 fusion prevalence in cfDNA from aUC patients that is comparable to previous reports for tissue testing, demonstrating an ability to capture targetable genomic rearrangements with plasma-based NGS in this patient population.
Encorafenib plus cetuximab with or without binimetinib for <i>BRAF</i> V600E metastatic colorectal cancer: Updated survival results from a randomized, three-arm, phase III study versus choice of either irinotecan or FOLFIRI plus cetuximab (BEACON CRC).
Authors: Scott Kopetz, Axel Grothey, Eric Van Cutsem, Rona Yaeger, Harpreet Singh Wasan, Takayuki Yoshino, Jayesh Desai, Fortunato Ciardiello, Fotios Loupakis, Yong Sang Hong, Neeltje Steeghs, Tormod Kyrre Guren, Hendrik-Tobias Arkenau, Pilar Garcia-Alfonso, Ashwin Gollerkeri, Kati Maharry, Janna Christy-Bittel, Josep Tabernero
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

4001 Background: BEACON CRC is a randomized, phase 3 study which evaluated the triplet of encorafenib (ENCO) + binimetinib (BINI) + cetuximab (CETUX) and the doublet of ENCO + CETUX vs. investigator’s choice of irinotecan + CETUX or FOLFIRI + CETUX in patients (pts) with BRAFV600E metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) whose disease had progressed after 1-2 prior regimens in the metastatic setting. Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR; by blinded central review) for triplet vs control. In a previous interim analysis, triplet and doublet improved OS and ORR versus standard of care. Here we report on an updated analysis. Methods: Updated analysis includes 6 months of additional follow-up and response data for all randomized pts. The study is ongoing. Results: Pts received triplet (n=224), doublet (n=220), or control (n=221). Median OS was 9.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI]:8.2, 10.8) for triplet and 5.9 months (95% CI:5.1-7.1) for control (hazard ratio [HR] (95% CI): 0.60 (0.47-0.75)). Median OS for doublet was 9.3 months (95% CI: 8.0-11.3) (HR vs. control: 0.61 (0.48-0.77). Confirmed ORR was 26.8% (95% CI: 21.1%-33.1%) for triplet, 19.5% (95% CI: 14.5%-25.4%) for doublet, and 1.8% (95% CI: 0.5%-4.6%) for control. Retrospective subgroup analyses suggested some pts may benefit more from triplet than doublet therapy (Table). Both triplet and doublet showed improved OS compared to control in all subgroups. Adverse events were consistent with prior analysis, with grade ≥3 adverse events in 65.8%, 57.4%, and 64.2% for triplet, doublet and control, respectively. Conclusions: The updated analysis of the BEACON CRC study confirmed that encorafenib + cetuximab with or without binimetinib improved OS and ORR in previously treated pts with BRAF V600E mCRC compared with standard chemotherapy. Clinical trial information: NCT02928224 . [Table: see text]
利培酮治疗癫痫所致分裂样精神障碍42例分析
Authors: 郭鹏, 刘丽美, 李勇, 郭同经
Journal: BMJ (2007)

选择符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版中的癫痫所致分裂样精神障碍诊断标准、阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评分≥60分的患者共82例,随机分为研究组42例(应用复方苯硝那敏+利培酮治疗)和对照组40例(应用复方苯硝那敏+氯丙嗪或奋乃静治疗).治疗前和治疗后8周分别用PANSS评定,结果示研究组总有效率为95%,对照组总有效率为88%,两组疗效比较差异无统计学意义,不良反应中锥体外系症状差异有统计学意义.提示复方苯硝那敏和利培酮联合治疗癫痫所致分裂样精神障碍安全且疗效肯定。
从临床特点区分慢性阻塞性肺疾病与间质性肺疾病
Authors: 张曙, 代华平
Journal: BMJ (2008)

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)是一种以气流受限为特征的疾病,气流受限不完全可逆、呈进行性发展,与肺部对香烟烟雾等有害气体或有害颗粒的异常炎症反应有关[1-2].发病年龄多在50岁以后,慢性咳嗽、咳痰及进行性发展的活动后气短为其常见的症状。
Phase I Alexander study of AUTO3, the first CD19/22 dual targeting CAR T cell therapy, with pembrolizumab in patients with relapsed/refractory (r/r) DLBCL.
Authors: Wendy Osborne, Maria Marzolini, Eleni Tholouli, Aravind Ramakrishnan, Carlos R. Bachier, Peter A McSweeney, David Irvine, Michael Zhang, Muhammad Ali Al-Hajj, Martin Pule, Simon Thomas, Maud Jonnaert, Vijay Gopal Reddy Peddareddigari, Nushmia Z. Khokhar, Robert W. Chen, Kirit Ardeshna
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

8001 Background: CD19 directed CAR T cells are effective in patients with r/r DLBCL, however relapses due to CD19 loss or PDL1 upregulation are common. In this study, we evaluate the safety and efficacy of AUTO3, a CAR T targeting CD19/22 with limited duration of PD-1 blockade. Methods: We constructed a bicistronic retroviral vector encoding both an anti-CD19 (OX40 co-stim) and an anti-CD22 (41BB co-stim) CAR with humanized binders. The cell product was manufactured in a semi-automated and closed process using CliniMACS Prodigy. Patients (≥ 18 years) with r/r DLBCL (NOS) or transformed (tDLBCL); ECOG &lt;2, adequate organ function are eligible. Lymphodepletion was Flu/Cy prior to AUTO3. Bridging therapy was allowed. The three dose levels explored are 50, 150, and 450 x 10^6 CAR T cells. Patients received AUTO3 alone, or with 3 doses of pembrolizumab (pem) 200 mg q 3 wks starting on D14 (regimen A), or with a single dose of pem 200 mg on D-1 (regimen B). The primary endpoint is frequency of DLTs and grade (G) 3-5 adverse events (AE) and secondary endpoints included ORR, CRR, and biomarkers. Results: As of Jan 21, 2020, 28 patients underwent leukapheresis, 27 successfully manufactured, 1 being manufactured, and 19 patients treated with AUTO3. The median age was 57 (28 - 71) and median number of prior therapies was 3 (2 - 10). 89% had refractory disease, 74% were DLBCL NOS, and 26% were tDLBCL. Dose escalation from 50 to 450 x 10 6 cells with pem regimen A and B have been completed without DLTs. G &gt; 3 treatment emergent AEs that occurred &gt; 15% were neutropenia (89%), thrombocytopenia (58%), anemia (47%), febrile neutropenia (16%), and hypophosphataemia (16%). Across all dose levels, there were 0% sCRS with primary infusion and 5% severe neurotoxicity (sNT) (1/19), which resolved. There were no cases of sCRS and no neurotoxicity of any grade at &gt; 50 x 10 6 cells. Eighteen patients were evaluable for efficacy. Among the 11 treated at dose &gt; 50 x 10 6 , the ORR and CRR were 64% and 55%, and all CRs are ongoing (1-12 mth). Two out of 3 patients achieved CR at 450 x 10 6 cells on pem regimen B. Additional patients and longer follow up, as well as biomarkers, will be presented. Conclusions: AUTO3 at &gt; 50 x 10 6 CAR T cells with pembrolizumab induces CRs without severe CRS or neurotoxicities of any grade. Clinical trial information: NCT03287817 .
Exploration of the expression and significance of IL-6, STAT3 and PD-L1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Authors: Yicheng Zhou, Honglei Zhu, Xuezhou Pang, Yang Shen, Yu He, Daiyuan Ma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e16554 Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and has a very high morbidity and mortality rate. The IL-6/STAT3 axis can simultaneously promote the expansion of immunosuppressive cells.This study detected IL-6, STAT3 and PD-L1 in ESCC and analyzed the potential clinical application value. Methods: Between July 2018 and April 2019, 70 ESCC patients underwent radical thoracic surgery at Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College. RT-PCR was used to detect PD-L1, IL-6, and STAT3 mRNA expression in cancer and adjacent normal tissues. Western blot detection of PD-L1, IL-6, and STAT3 was performed in 40 cancer and adjacent normal tissues. The correlation of PD-L1, IL-6 and STAT3 protein expression with tumor invasion depth, tumor size, lymph node metastasis,clinical stage and other clinicopathological characteristics as well as the correlation between the three proteins were analyzed statistically. Results: The mRNA levels of PD-L1, IL-6, and STAT3 in 70 ESCC patients were significantly different between cancerous and adjacent normal tissues (P &lt; 0.001). In 40 ESCC patients, 28 ESCC tissues showed significantly higher PD-L1 expression than adjacent normal tissue (28/12, P &lt; 0.001), 29 ESCC tissues showed significantly higher STAT3 expression (29/11,P = 0.009 ), and 27 ESCC tissues showed significantly higher IL-6 expression (27/13,P = 0.042). There was no correlation between PD-L1 expression and age, sex, tumor site or maximum tumor diameter, but PD-L1 expression showed a positive correlation with T stage (P = 0.009), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.044), and clinical stage (P = 0.033). There was no correlation between STAT3 expression and age, sex, tumor site, maximum tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis or clinical stage, but STAT3 expression showed a positive correlation with T stage (P = 0.025). IL-6 expression was not correlated with age, sex, maximum tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis or clinical stage, but IL-6 expression showed a positive correlation with T stage ( P = 0.003)and tumor site (P = 0.011). In addition, PD-L1 expression showed a positive correlation with STAT3 (P = 0.013) and IL-6 ( P = 0.008), and STAT3 showed a positive correlation with IL-6 ( P = 0.027). Conclusions: PD-L1, IL-6, and STAT3 are highly expressed in ESCC and their protein levels exhibit a positive correlation. The IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway proteins may be a potential biomarker predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy by affecting the expression of PD-L1.
Effect of different methods of blood collecting on concentration of bone marrow mononuclear cells
Authors: Shao-hui Shi, Ran-dong Wang
Journal: BMJ (2011)

One hundred and fifty femoral head necrosis patients with intramedullary decompression received autologous stem cell transplantation. The blood was taken from unilateral or bilateral iliac, in each group the volumes of blood taken were 200, 300 or 400 ml respectively. The number of mononuclear cells was counted before and after centrifugation. The mononuclear cell count in subgroup of 200 ml,300 ml and 400 ml taken from unilateral iliac after centrifugation was (3. 11 ±1. 42) × 1010/L, (2. 62 ±1. 31 ) × 1010/L and(2. 13 ±. 91) × 1010/L. The concentration was significantly lower in subgroup of 400 ml than that of 200 ml (t=5. 118, P<0. 01). The mononuclear cells count in subgroup of 200 ml,300 ml and 400 ml taken from bilateral iliac was(4. 51 ±. 21) × 1010/L, (3. 89 ±. 06) × 1010/L and (2. 98 ±1. 39) × 1010/L, the concentration was significantly lower in subgroup of 400 ml than that of subgroup of 200 ml (t = 6. 446, P < 0. 01). Whether 200 ml or 300 ml or 400 ml blood were taken, the mononuclear cell count in blood taken from bilateral iliac after centrifugation was significantly higher than that from unilateral iliac(t = 3. 119,P < 0. 01; t = 5. 544, P < 0. 01 ;t = 2. 207 ,P < 0. 05). The results indicate that the concentration of isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells is higher from bilateral iliac than unilateral iliac. The concentration of isolated monocytes is reduced gradually with the increased blood volume.

Key words: 
Femur head necrosis; Monocytes
A phase II study of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab and lenvatinib for resectable stage III melanoma: The neopele study.
Authors: Maria Gonzalez, Alexander M. Menzies, Thomas Pennington, Robyn PM Saw, Andrew J. Spillane, Jonathan Stretch, Kerwin Frank Shannon, Sydney Ch'ng, Omgo E. Nieweg, Maria Cruzado Rojas, Monica Osorio, Robert V Rawson, Peter M. Ferguson, Helen Rizos, Serigne Lo, Richard A. Scolyer, Georgina V. Long
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

TPS10088 Background: Recent clinical trials of neoadjuvant (neo-adj) ipilimumab combined with nivolumab (OpACIN &amp; OpACIN-neo) in resectable stage III melanoma show that a pathological response ( &lt; 50% viable tumour at the tumour bed as determined by histopathological analysis) is associated with a prolonged relapse-free survival compared to no pathological response. Furthermore, recurrences seldom occur in those who have a pathological response following neo-adj immunotherapy with only 1/71 pts (1.4%) having recurred. In contrast, 15/23 (65.2%) pts with no pathological response have relapsed to date. The NeoPeLe trial will test the hypothesis that the synergistic combination of PD-1 blockade (pembrolizumab) with anti-angiogenic/multiple RTK inhibitor (lenvatinib) will result in a high rate of pathological response in the resected surgical specimen with a low rate of toxicity. Tissue and blood biomarkers are drawn at several timepoints and correlated to clinical and pathological endpoints to explore mechanisms of response and resistance. We will compare pathological response rate, and other clinical outcomes in this study, with previously published neo-adj clinical trials to select the best schedules for larger-scale clinical testing. Across neo-adj studies, we will also analyse the tissue collected to explore determinants of the optimal therapy for individual pts, whilst minimising toxicity. Methods: Eligible pts with stage IIIB/C/D, resectable and measurable (RECIST 1.1) nodal metastatic melanoma will be enrolled to this phase II single-centre trial (n = 20). All pts undergo complete nodal resection (RES) at wk 6 following neo-adj therapy with pembrolizumab (200mg, IV, 3 wkly) and lenvatinib (20mg, oral, daily). Adjuvant therapy with pembrolizumab is given for 46 wks after RES. After 52 wks of the study treatment, pts will be followed for relapse and survival for 5 years. CT and FDG PET/CT are used to measure response and exclude progression in the neo-adj phase, and to monitor for recurrence during adj and post treatment phases. Blood and tumour samples are collected at baseline, day 8, RES and at relapse if feasible. Faecal samples are collected at baseline and before RES. The primary endpoint is the complete pathological response rate at RES following 6 wks of neo-adj therapy. Secondary endpoints include RECIST response, metabolic response, OS, RFS, safety/tolerability, surgical outcomes, quality of life, and biomarker analyses. Clinical trial information: NCTNCT04207086.
全科医师健康教育授课能力培训的成效分析
Authors: 赵学英, 刘学伟, 张喜庄, 管嬿, 闫瑞平
Journal: BMJ (2006)

社区健康教育是全民人人享有卫生保健战略目标的措施保障,也是社区卫生服务的重要内容之一.全科医师健康教育能力的高低直接关系到开展健康教育讲座、咨询的质量和成效.为提高全科医师健康教育的技能,我们对45名全科医师进行了授课技能的培训。
Assessment of Patient and Caregiver Attitudes and Approaches to Decision-Making Regarding Bone Marrow Transplant for Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Nitya Bakshi, Deeksha Katoch, Cynthia B. Sinha, Diana Ross, Maa-Ohui Quarmyne, George Loewenstein, Lakshmanan Krishnamurti
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Bone marrow transplant (BMT) is a potentially curative treatment for sickle cell disease (SCD). Patient and caregiver attitudes toward BMT for SCD and the willingness to accept risks of BMT vary, but these attitudes are not well understood. <h3>Objective</h3> To understand patient and caregiver perceptions of and attitudes toward BMT for SCD and decision-making about BMT. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Qualitative study of interview transcripts from a convenience sample. Transcripts were from adults with SCD and caregivers of patients with SCD recruited from national and regional SCD conferences, symposia, and sickle cell clinics in 2 cities. Interview transcripts were used from the needs assessment phase to develop a patient-decision aid in 2013 to 2014 (group 1) and from the baseline point in 2015 to 2016 (group 2) of the parent trial, a randomized clinical trial of adults and caregivers of patients with SCD to evaluate the effectiveness of a patient decision aid. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Participant perspectives on decision-making regarding BMT for SCD. <h3>Results</h3> Fifty-seven transcripts from adults with SCD and 50 transcripts from caregivers of patients with SCD were included. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of adults with SCD was 34 (21-50) years in group 1 and 30 (23-38) years in group 2. The median (IQR) age of caregivers was 42.5 (31-52) years in group 1 and 41 (35-46.5) years in group 2. Most transcripts from adults with SCD (75.0% in group 1 and 72.4% in group 2) and caregivers of patients with SCD (76.7% in group 1 and 85.0% in group 2) were from female participants. Bone marrow transplant was perceived as a treatment option associated with serious risks. Reported attitudes toward BMT occurred on a continuum ranging from unfavorable to favorable. Participants reported serious decisional dilemma regarding BMT for SCD. Most participants expressed interest in learning about BMT or curative treatments. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This qualitative study found a continuum in attitudes toward BMT for SCD and highlights the complexity of decision-making in BMT for SCD. Patients and families with SCD expressed an interest in learning about BMT. Future prospective studies of patient decision-making regarding BMT, especially in the context of emerging curative and novel disease-modifying therapies for SCD, are warranted.
Current aspects of female menopause hormone therapy
Authors: Qi Yu
Journal: BMJ (2016)

绝经是衰老的体现，卵巢是人体各个器官中第一个完全衰老，以至丧失功能的器官。按照目前的平均寿命推算，女性在卵巢丧失功能(绝经)之后还将活很长时间，由于雌激素的缺乏，在绝经后的数十年中将发生一系列严重危害女性生命质量的健康事件。激素补充治疗是能够全面解决这一问题的唯一方案。在治疗窗口期启动，并按照规范合理使用绝经相关激素治疗，掌握适应证、禁忌证和慎用情况，对有子宫的女性联合采用雌孕激素，将能极大改善女性的健康，造福中老年妇女。目前在国内，主要由于对MHT的认知不足，女性对绝经后治疗的知晓率尤其对激素治疗的知晓率很低，造成对MHT存在许多不当的担忧，特别是对恶性肿瘤。今后一方面需要对妇产科及其他科室的医生进行各种学术宣讲，提高使用MHT的信心，同时扩大更年期门诊的建立；另一方面应通过各种媒体对民众宣传绝经相关知识，提高其认知水平和对绝经问题的重视。同时，应开展多种研究，寻找更多的证据。