tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An <i>Alphavirus</i> -derived replicon RNA vaccine induces SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in mice and nonhuman primates
Authors: Jesse H. Erasmus, Amit P. Khandhar, Megan A. O’Connor, Alexandra C. Walls, Emily A. Hemann, Patience Murapa, Jacob Archer, Shanna Leventhal, James T. Fuller, Thomas B. Lewis, Kevin E. Draves, Samantha Randall, Kathryn A. Guerriero, Malcolm S. Duthie, Darrick Carter, Steven G. Reed, David W. Hawman, Heinz Feldmann, Michael Gale, David Veesler, Peter Berglund, Deborah Heydenburg Fuller
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2020)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is having a deleterious impact on health services and the global economy, highlighting the urgent need for an effective vaccine. Such a vaccine would need to rapidly confer protection after one or two doses and would need to be manufactured using components suitable for scale up. Here, we developed an
Absence of Apparent Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from Two Stylists After Exposure at a Hair Salon with a Universal Face Covering Policy — Springfield, Missouri, May 2020
Authors: M. Joshua Hendrix, Charles Walde, Kendra Findley, Robin Trotman
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

On May 12, 2020 (day 0), a hair stylist at salon A in Springfield, Missouri (stylist A), developed respiratory symptoms and continued working with clients until day 8, when the stylist received a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A second hair stylist (stylist B), who had been exposed to stylist A, developed respiratory symptoms on May 15, 2020 (day 3), and worked with clients at salon A until day 8 before seeking testing for SARS-CoV-2, which returned a positive result on day 10. A total of 139 clients were directly serviced by stylists A and B from the time they developed symptoms until they took leave from work. Stylists A and B and the 139 clients followed the City of Springfield ordinance* and salon A policy recommending the use of face coverings (i.e., surgical masks, N95 respirators,† or cloth face coverings) for both stylists and clients during their interactions. Other stylists at salon A who worked closely with stylists A and B were identified, quarantined, and monitored daily for 14 days after their last exposure to stylists A or B. None of these stylists reported COVID-19 symptoms. After stylist B received a positive test result on day 10, salon A closed for 3 days to disinfect frequently touched and contaminated areas. After public health contact tracings and 2 weeks of follow-up, no COVID-19 symptoms were identified among the 139 exposed clients or their secondary contacts. The citywide ordinance and company policy might have played a role in preventing spread of SARS-CoV-2 during these exposures. These findings support the role of source control in preventing transmission and can inform the development of public health policy during the COVID-19 pandemic. As stay-at-home orders are lifted, professional and social interactions in the community will present more opportunities for spread of SARS-CoV-2. Broader implementation of masking policies could mitigate the spread of infection in the general population.
Connecting Refugees With Follow-up Care for Hepatitis B
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Independent and Opposing Associations of Habitual Exercise and Chronic PM <sub>2.5</sub> Exposures on Hypertension Incidence
Authors: Cui Guo, Yiqian Zeng, Ly-yun Chang, Zengli Yu, Yacong Bo, Changqing Lin, Alexis KH Lau, Tony Tam, Xiang Qian Lao
Journal: Circulation (2020)

We investigated the joint associations of habitual physical activity (PA) and long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) with the development of hypertension in a longitudinal cohort in Taiwan.We selected 140 072 adults (≥18 years of age) without hypertension who joined a standard medical screening program with 360 905 medical examinations between 2001 and 2016. PM2.5 exposure was estimated at each participant's address using a satellite data-based spatiotemporal model with 1 km2 resolution. Information on habitual PA and a wide range of covariates was collected using a standard self-administered questionnaire. We used the Cox regression model with time-dependent covariates to examine the joint associations.The mean age of all observations was 41.7 years, and 48.8% were male. The mean value for systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 112.5 and 68.7mm Hg, respectively. Approximately 34.2% of all observations were inactive (0 metabolic equivalence values-hours), 29.8% had moderate-PA (median [interquartile range]; 3.75 [3.38 to 4.38] metabolic equivalence values-hours), and 36.0% had high-PA (15.7 [10.3 to 24.8] metabolic equivalence values-hours). The mean±SD of PM2.5 was 26.1±7.3 μg/m3. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and cancer was 2.1%, 2.9%, and 1.5%, respectively. After adjusting for a wide range of covariates (including a mutual adjustment for PA or PM2.5), a higher PA level was associated with a lower risk of hypertension (hazard ratio [HR] for the moderate- and high-PA was 0.93 [95% CI, 0.89-0.97] and 0.92 [95% CI, 0.88-0.96], respectively, as compared with the inactive-PA), whereas a higher level of PM2.5 was associated with a higher risk of hypertension (HR for the moderate- and high-PM2.5 was 1.37 [95% CI, 1.32-1.43] and 1.92 [95% CI, 1.81-2.04], respectively, as compared with the low-PM2.5 group]. No significant interaction was observed between PA and PM2.5 (HR 1.01 [95% CI, 1.00-1.02]).A high-PA and low PM2.5 exposure were associated with a lower risk of hypertension. The negative association between PA and hypertension remained stable in people exposed to various levels of PM2.5, and the positive association between PM2.5 and hypertension was not modified by PA. Our results indicated that PA is a suitable hypertension prevention strategy for people residing in relatively polluted regions.
Increased mTOR activity alters cerebellar development and cooperates with sonic hedgehog signaling in medulloblastoma formation
Authors: Bobby Bhatia, Lori Mainwaring, Anna Kenney
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

3764  The cerebellum is critical for motor coordination and cognitive function. Cerebellar granule neuron precursors (CGNPs) proliferate rapidly during a transient post-natal expansion phase in the cerebellar external granule layer (EGL), before migrating inward and terminally differentiating into glutamatergic interneurons. Certain medulloblastomas are proposed to arise from CGNPs, thus most tumors often arise during this window of rapid CGNP proliferation. Such rests have been observed in adult tumor-free mice carrying activating mutations (Patched) in the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway. However, whether the Shh pathway may cooperate with other signaling pathways for cell cycle regulation remains to be elucidated. The mTOR pathway, responsible for protein translation and cell growth, has role players that may interact with other pathways. Here we investigate the role of the mTOR pathway in cerebellar development and its cooperation with the Shh pathway in CGNP proliferation. Using mice that are dominant negative for TSC2 (termed TSC2-RGΔ), an upstream antagonist of mTOR, we have found increased EGL expansion in cerebella. TSC2-RGΔ mice also have ribosomal protein S6 activation, delocalization of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p27, and inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3-β (GSK3β). Also, TSC2-RGΔ CGNPs proliferate higher with Shh response and express increased cyclin D2 and low levels of p27 in culture. Wildtype CGNPs infected with lentiviral TSC2 shRNA proliferated longer and had lower p27 protein levels. Interestingly, when TSC2-RGΔ mice were crossed with Patched +/- mice, medulloblastoma incidence is 3-fold higher compared to Patched +/- alone. Together, these results suggest that Shh signaling and loss of TSC2 function cooperate to alter cerebellar development and enhance medulloblastoma formation or expansion via GSK3 and p27 destabilization.
Update Alert: Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine for the Treatment or Prophylaxis of COVID-19
Authors: Adrian V. Hernandez, Yuani M. Roman, Vinay Pasupuleti, Joshuan J. Barboza, C. Michael White
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

This report updates our living systematic review assessing hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine versus control therapy for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hospitalized patients, which covered evidence available through 8 May 2020 (1).Using the same methods, we searched for and evaluated evidence published through 1 July 2020.
OP0071 A pathogenic anti-dna antibody binds to alpha-actinin in renal mesangial cells
Authors: C Putterman, B Deocharan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Anti-DNA antibodies have been demonstrated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus. One mechanism by which anti-DNA antibodies may contribute to nephritis is by cross-reactivity with renal antigens. However, the identity of this renal antigen remains elusive. <h3>Objectives</h3> To identify the target antigen bound by a pathogenic anti-DNA antibody in renal tissue. <h3>Methods</h3> Western blotting and immunoprecipitations of total cell lysate from mesangial cell lines derived from the autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr mouse (lpr-mc) and a non-autoimmune BALB/c mouse (mc), with R4A, a pathogenic murine IgG2b anti-DNA antibody, and with 95, a non-pathogenic antibody derived from R4A by site-directed mutagenesis. The immunoprecipitated protein was identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) of tryptic digests. <h3>Results</h3> The pathogenic anti-DNA antibody R4A, but not control isotype-matched antibodies, bound to and immunoprecipitated a 100 kD protein from mesangial cell lysates. Binding was more pronounced using lpr-mc rather than non-autoimmune mc lysate. Little effect on binding was seen after treatment of the cell lysate or R4A with DNAse, while proteinase K treatment abolished binding. Preliminary MALDI-MS analysis revealed that alpha-actinin, an actin bundling protein that plays a role in experimental nephritis models, is present in the protein band immunoprecipitated by R4A. R4A, but not 95, binds to immobilised alpha-actinin by ELISA; Furthermore, double stranded DNA significantly inhibited the binding of R4A to the 100 kD mesangial cell protein, as well as to purified alpha-actinin. Serum of MRL-lpr/lpr lupus mice with active disease contain high-titer antibodies to alpha-actinin. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The nephritogenicity of some anti-DNA antibodies may be mediated via cross-reactivity with a glomerular antigen. Variations in the display of the cross-reactive antigen in the target organ between individuals may underlie differential susceptibility to anti-DNA antibody induced renal disease.
FRI0187 The clinical profile of juvenile systemic sclerosis (jssc)
Authors: MN Starovoytova, NG Guseva
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> JSSc represents the unique form of SSc characterised by variable f clinical picture. JSSc has specific features maintained during adult period of life. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of the study was to determine the clinical profile of JSSc. <h3>Methods</h3> Sixty pts with JSSc aged from 14 to 54 years (mean 25.1+7.2 yrs) with the onset of the disease at the age of 1 to 16 years (mean 11.4+3.8 yrs) were analysed. Duration of disease was 13.1+7.1, range 1–39 yrs. <h3>Results</h3> We revealed three clinical variants of JSSc. The first variant (55% of pts) is characterised by the combination of localised scleroderma (morfhea, hemiform-typed) and systemic manifestation such as Raynaud9s phenomenon (78%), arthritis (41%), lungs involvement (66%), heart disease (58%), gastrointestinal tract involvement (60%). The visceral signs were moderate and founded by careful clinical instrumental investigation. In the other variant (38% pts) the clinical manifestation of JSSc were similar to adult lSSc with the prevalence of vascular disorders and digital ischaemic changes, limited skin lesion, visceral organ involvement. Musculoskeletal manifestations (arthralgia, arthritis, flexon contractures) were also seen in this group. The pts hadƒslow progressive form of disease. The third variant (17% of pts) may be regarded as overlap syndrome SSc with polymiositis or/and rheumatoid arthritis. The state in these pts mainly depended on the prevailing disease process. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The definition of the clinical variants of JSSc may provide the correct diagnosis and adequate treatment.
Axicabtagene Ciloleucel in the Non-Trial Setting: Outcomes and Correlates of Response, Resistance, and Toxicity
Authors: Caron A. Jacobson, Bradley D. Hunter, Robert Redd, Scott J. Rodig, Pei-Hsuan Chen, Kyle Wright, Mikel Lipschitz, Jerome Ritz, Yusuke Kamihara, Philippe Armand, Sarah Nikiforow, Michael Rogalski, Joseph Maakaron, Samantha Jaglowski, Marcela V. Maus, Yi-Bin Chen, Jeremy S. Abramson, Justin Kline, Elizabeth Budde, Alex Herrera, Matthew Mei, Jonathon B. Cohen, Stephen D. Smith, David G. Maloney, Ajay K. Gopal, Matthew J. Frigault, Utkarsh H. Acharya
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

Axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for relapsed aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in part on the basis of durable remission rates of approximately 40% in a clinical trial population. Whether this efficacy, and the rates of toxicity, would be consistent in a postcommercial setting, with relaxed eligibility criteria and bridging therapy, is unknown. This study describes the efficacy and safety correlates and outcomes in this setting.
Clinical prediction rules
Authors: G. Falk, T. Fahey
Journal: BMJ (2009)

In this pair of articles, Gavin Falk and Tom Fahey (doi:10.1136/bmj.b2899) set out what to consider when using a clinical prediction rule, and Dan Mayer (doi:10.1136/bmj.b2901) shows how one such rule, the Ottawa ankle rules, is applied
Effect of Afrezza on Glucose Dynamics During HCL Treatment
Authors: Alfonso Galderisi, Nathan Cohen, Peter Calhoun, Kristen Kraemer, Marc Breton, Stuart Weinzimer, Eda Cengiz
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

A major obstacle in optimizing the performance of closed-loop automated insulin delivery systems has been the delay in insulin absorption and action that results from the subcutaneous (SC) route of insulin delivery leading to exaggerated postmeal hyperglycemic excursions. We aimed to investigate the effect of Afrezza inhaled insulin with ultrafast-in and -out action profile on improving postprandial blood glucose control during hybrid closed-loop (HCL) treatment in young adults with type 1 diabetes.We conducted an inpatient, three-way, randomized crossover standardized meal study to assess the efficacy and safety of Afrezza at a low (AL) and a high (AH) dose as compared with a standard SC rapid-acting insulin (aspart) premeal bolus during Diabetes Assistant (DiAs) HCL treatment. Participants received two sequential meals on three study days, and premeal insulin bolus was determined based on home insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio for each meal (rounded up to the closest available Afrezza cartridge dose for AH and down for AL). The primary efficacy outcome was the peak postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) level calculated by pooling data for up to 4 h after the start of each meal. Secondary outcomes included hyperglycemic, hypoglycemic, and euglycemic venous glucose metrics.The mean ± SD PPG for the rapid-acting insulin control arm and AH was similar (185 ± 50 mg/dL vs. 195 ± 46 mg/dL, respectively; P = 0.45), while it was higher for meals using AL (208 ± 54 mg/dL, P = 0.04). The AH achieved significantly lower early PPG level than the control arm (30 min; P < 0.001), and improvement in PPG waned at later time points (120 and 180 min; P = 0.02) coinciding with the end of Afrezza glucodynamic action.Afrezza (AH) premeal bolus reduced the early glycemic excursion and improved PPG during HCL compared with aspart premeal bolus. The improvement in PPG was not sustained after the end of Afrezza glucodynamic action at 120 min.
Crohn’s disease instead of UC might increase the risk of small bowel cancer
Authors: Rui Zhao, Qian-Yi Wan, Yutao Wu, Yong Wang, Ya-Ping Cui, Xiaoding Shen, Xiao Ting Wu
Journal: Gut (2020)

We read with interest the study by Axelrad et al 1 which reported that Crohn’s disease (CD) and UC were associated with nearly ninefold and twofold increased risk of small bowel cancer (SBC), respectively. However, there were also two observational studies2 3 suggesting that UC was not associated with risk of SBC. Because epidemiological studies about IBD and risk of SBC were controversial, to better understand this issue, we conducted this meta-analysis.

We searched the PubMed and Web of Science for relevant studies published before 1 June 2020. We included observational studies investigating the associations between IBD and risk of SBC (including adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine tumour and sarcoma) and reporting the HR, OR or other measures of association. The pooled OR and 95% CIs were estimated with random-effect model when the significant …
OP0151-PARE WORK IMPACTS EXPERIENCED BY YOUNGER PEOPLE WITH ARTHRITIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: D. Berkovic, C. Parker, D. Ayton, A. M. Briggs, I. Ackerman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: On a global scale, it is estimated that adults in their peak income-earning years are disproportionately impacted by arthritis (1). Younger adults with arthritis are less likely to be employed and are more likely to face productivity challenges at work when compared to healthy similar-aged peers (2). The work-related impacts of arthritis on younger adults remain largely unexplored and are rarely considered in routine clinical care for arthritis. Objectives: To systematically identify, appraise and synthesise the available evidence on work impacts experienced by individuals aged 16-50 years with arthritis. Methods: Eligible studies from 2000 - 2020 were identified in OVID Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, and CINAHL databases using a comprehensive search strategy. Quantitative and qualitative studies containing self-reported data on the work impacts of arthritis on younger people were included. Quality assessment was undertaken using validated quality appraisal tools (3). Results: From a yield of 300 studies, 35 were included in the review. After quality assessment and exclusion of the lowest-ranked studies, 28 studies (17 quantitative, 11 qualitative) were analysed. Work outcomes data were organised into five themes (1-3 for quantitative outcomes, 4-5 for qualitative outcomes): (1) the impacts of arthritis on work productivity; (2) the impacts of arthritis on work participation; (3) other arthritis attributable workplace challenges; (4) barriers to work participation associated with arthritis, and (5) enablers to work participation associated with arthritis. For quantitative themes, arthritis was strongly associated with other workplace challenges: scores on the Workplace Activity Limitations Scale ranged from 5.9 (moderate workplace difficulty) to 9.8 (considerable workplace difficulty); and work disability relative to the healthy population (prevalence ranging from 6% - 80%). For qualitative themes, barriers to work participation included lack of workplace support; enablers included workplace support and intrinsic motivation to work. Conclusion: Arthritis is associated with poorer work outcomes for younger people relative to healthy peers. The available evidence was heterogeneous across studies. Additional research focusing solely on the unique workplace needs of younger population groups is required. This would inform the development of tailored intervention or workplace support strategies to maximise productive working years. References: [1]European League Against Rheumatism. Horizon 2020 Framework Programme: EULAR’s positions and recommendations. EULAR 2011. [2]Jetha A. (2015). The impact of arthritis on the early employment experiences of young adults: A literature review. Disabil Health J. 8(3) 317-324. [3]Joanna Briggs Institute. Critical Appraisal Tools. The University of Adelaide 2019. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Abdominal Pain and an Appendiceal Mass
Authors: Roxanne L. Massoumi, Jonathan C. King
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prognostic value of monocyte subset distribution in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: results of a multicenter study
Authors: Matthieu Jestin, Sihem Tarfi, Matthieu Duchmann, Bouchra Badaoui, Nicolas Freynet, Violaine Tran Quang, Ivan Sloma, Nathalie Droin, Margot Morabito, Mathieu Leclerc, Sébastien Maury, Pierre Fenaux, Eric Solary, Dorothée Selimoglu-Buet, Orianne Wagner-Ballon, P. Fenaux, N. Vey, L. Adès, A. Guerci, F. Chermat, M. Fontenay, S. Raynaud, C. Preudhomme, E. Solary, T. Braun, O. Beynerauzy, R. Itzykson, S. Park, O. Kosmider, T. Cluzeau, A. Renneville
Journal: Leukemia (2020)
Applications of machine learning to diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Monika A. Myszczynska, Poojitha N. Ojamies, Alix M. B. Lacoste, Daniel Neil, Amir Saffari, Richard Mead, Guillaume M. Hautbergue, Joanna D. Holbrook, Laura Ferraiuolo
Journal: Nature Reviews Neurology (2020)