tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A phase Ia/Ib trial of the anti-PD-L1 human monoclonal antibody (mAb), CS1001, in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors or lymphomas.
Authors: Lin Shen, Junning Cao, Jin Li, Hongming Pan, Nong Xu, Yan Zhang, Jingru Wang, Yin Wang, Hangjun Dai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

2526 Background: CS1001 is the first full-length, fully human anti-PD-L1 mAb developed by the OMT transgenic rat platform, which mirrors natural IgG4 human antibody with expected PK profiles, and may potentially reduce the risk of immunogenicity and toxicity in pts. This first-in-human Phase Ia/Ib study of CS1001 was conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability, PK profile, and anti-tumor activity of CS1001 in pts with advanced solid tumors or lymphomas. Methods: Pts with advanced solid tumors or lymphomas were enrolled in the dose escalation Phase Ia, receiving CS1001, Q3W, IV, at escalating doses from 3, to 10, 20, 40 mg/kg and 1200 mg. Dose escalation was aided by a 3+3 dose escalation scheme. DLT was evaluated within 3 weeks after the initial dose. Pts with various tumor types were enrolled in the dose expansion Phase Ib to assess anti-tumor activity and safety, including NSCLC, esophageal carcinoma, GC, HCC, cholangiocarcinoma, etc. Safety was assessed by monitoring AEs and the associated grades per NCI CTCAE v4.03, tumor assessed per RECIST v 1.1 (solid tumors) or Lugano 2014 (lymphomas). Results: As of 30 Nov 2018, 29 pts, median age of 53 (23-75) yrs, were enrolled in Phase Ia, 3 mg/kg (N = 3); 10 mg/kg (4); 20 mg/kg (3); 40 mg/kg (3) and 1200 mg flat dose (16). A total of 20 pts discontinued treatment due to disease progression (14), death (2), withdrawal by pts (2) and AEs (2; Grade [G] 4 hepatic function abnormal and G3 pulmonary tuberculosis, both were not related to treatment). 9 pts remain on treatment. Median treatment duration was 126 (21-408+) days. No DLTs were observed. 27 of 29 pts had TRAEs with the most frequent TRAEs including anaemia (14), proteinuria (13) and blood bilirubin increased (8). G3 TRAEs include anaemia (2) and platelet count decreased (1). SAEs were reported in 6 pts and they were TRAEs. Three G4 AEs were reported: anaemia (1), hypokalaemia (1) and hepatic function abnormal (1), they were not TRAEs as determined by the investigators. irAEs occurred in 7 pts (24%). Among the 29 evaluable pts, 7 pts had PR and 8 had SD, mDoR was not reached. In Phase Ib, 97 pts were enrolled, with 65 pts on treatment and 32 pts discontinued from treatment. The most frequent reason on the discontinuation was disease progression (21). Phase Ib enrollment is still ongoing. Conclusions: CS1001 is well tolerated without DLT across tested dose levels. Evidence of anti-tumor activities was observed. Currently, 1200 mg flat dose Q3W is being explored in various tumor types in Phase Ib, and safety and efficacy results will be displayed in the presentation. Clinical trial information: NCT03312842.
A longitudinal analysis of the U.S. Air Force reserve officers’ training corps physical fitness assessment
Authors: Cameron S. Mackey, Jason M. DeFreitas
Journal: Military Medical Research (2019)

The U.S. Air Force physical fitness assessment (PFA) is used to determine the overall fitness of their personnel. It is currently unknown to what extent the PFA scores of Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) cadets are affected by mandatory physical training. The purpose of this investigation was to longitudinally examine the PFAs of ROTC cadets over a four-year period, evaluate the results across class ranks, and evaluate the sensitivity of the classification of the tests.Air Force ROTC cadets performed the PFAs (abdominal circumference, 1-min pushups, 1-min sit-ups, and a 1.5-mile run) in both the spring (n = 26) and fall (n = 22) semesters. PFAs were compiled over a four-year period (Spring 2014 - Fall 2017) and were performed in accordance with Air Force Instruction 36-2905. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed separately for the fall and spring groups for each dependent variable across the 4 years. Additionally, a one-way between groups ANOVA was performed for each dependent variable during the time point (fall 2015; N = 46) with the most recorded cadets for each class rank.Longitudinal assessments revealed a main effect of time (P = 0.010) on abdominal circumference; cadets had a smaller abdominal circumference in their freshman year than in their senior year. A main effect of time (P = 0.006) was also observed on sit-up quantity; cadets performed more sit-ups in their junior year than in their freshman year. Examining between class ranks during the same year (between-subjects ANOVA) revealed a main effect of class rank on sit-up quantity (P = 0.003); the freshmen completed fewer repetitions than the sophomores (P = 0.018) and the juniors did (P = 0.001).The results indicated that only the sit-up component showed differences between class ranks. These findings suggest that the Air Force PFA may not be sensitive enough to detect changes in physical fitness or distinguish between class ranks regarding physical performance, even after years of training. This limitation may be in part due to the limited duration of training incorporated by the ROTC program (2 h per week), which provided a maintenance effect rather than improvement in physical performance. We recommend that more attention be directed to the efficacy of physical training, the sensitivity of measures included in the PFA, or both.
TCT-487 Heart Failure in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Predictors and Prognostic Impact: Insights From the TOTAL Trial
Authors: Elie Akl, Vladimir Dzavik, John Cairns, Shahar Lavi, Shamir Mehta, Warren Cantor, Matthew Sibbald, Asim Cheema, Robert Welsh, Tej Sheth, Olivier Bertrand, Sunil Rao, Raul Moreno, Yan Yun Liu, Sanjit Jolly
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
TCT-346 Pseudo-Stent Strut Protrusion Into Side Branch: An Intravascular Ultrasound Observation From the EXCEL Trial
Authors: Tatsuhiro Fujimura, Akiko Maehara, Eisuke Usui, Mitsuaki Matsumura, Adrian Banning, Imre Ungi, Manu Prabhakar, A. Pieter Kappetein, Joseph Sabik, Patrick Serruys, Gary Mintz, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Author Correction: Glycerol phosphate shuttle enzyme GPD2 regulates macrophage inflammatory responses
Authors: P. Kent Langston, Aya Nambu, Jonathan Jung, Munehiko Shibata, H. Ibrahim Aksoylar, Jiahui Lei, Peining Xu, Mary T. Doan, Helen Jiang, Michael R. MacArthur, Xia Gao, Yong Kong, Edward T. Chouchani, Jason W. Locasale, Nathaniel W. Snyder, Tiffany Horng
Journal: Nature Immunology (2019)
Abstract 15881: Functional Benefits of CCN1-Collagen Matrix for the Treatment of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Brian McNeill, Branka Vulesevic, Nicholas Blackburn, Marc Ruel, Erik J Suuronen
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Matricellular proteins are non-structural ECM proteins with important wound healing effects. They regulate cell function through interactions with cell surface receptors, enzymes and structural proteins such as collagen. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of matricellular protein CCN1 delivery in a mouse myocardial infarction (MI) model using a collagen matrix. CCN1 is pro-angiogenic and restricts fibrosis, while the matrix promotes cell function and directly interacts with CCN1. Methods/Results: Experimental MI was induced by LAD ligation in mice. At 1wk post-MI mice were randomized to receive intramyocardial injection of PBS, CCN1, collagen matrix or CCN1-matrix. Cardiac function was assessed at 1 and 3 wk post-treatment. At 1wk, LVEF was superior in the CCN1 (48.1±3.3%) and CCN1-matrix (41.9±3.5%) groups compared to PBS (34.6±2.8%; p&lt;0.03). At 4wk, LVEF of the CCN1-matrix treated hearts improved to 49.7±2.1%, while CCN1 (38.0±2.6%) and matrix (38.7±1.6%) were better than PBS (28.9±2.9%) but no better than at 1wk (p&lt;0.01). In vitro, CCN1-matrix offered protective effects to cardiomyocytes as there was a 39.3% increase in their survival under stress conditions (serum and O2 deprivation) compared to matrix-cultured cells (p=0.02). Cardiac fibroblasts responded to culture on the CCN1-matrix with a 2.3±0.7 and 1.6±0.2 fold reduction in proliferation compared to TCPS (p=0.008) and matrix (p=0.03) culture, respectively. Furthermore, the collagenase activity of CCN1-matrix cultured fibroblasts was reduced compared to those cultured on TCPS or matrix. Circulating angiogenic cells (CACs), which play a role in neovascularization post-MI, responded to CCN1-matrix treatment with a 2.2±0.2 fold increase in proliferation (p=0.001), a 1.8±0.2 fold increase in migration towards VEGF (p=0.001) and promoted greater tubule network formation (5.1±0.6 fold; p=0.007) in an angiogenic assay compared to matrix-cultured CACs. Conclusion: We demonstrate a novel approach to treat MI using a CCN1-collagen matrix. CCN1 treatment improved LVEF at 1wk post-MI, but this persisted only when CCN1 was delivered with the matrix. These data suggest that CCN1 has a positive effect on the MI heart but required the matrix for sustained benefit.
TCT-390 Impact of SYNTAX Score on Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Patients Treated With New-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents for Unprotected Left Main Disease
Authors: Takashi Hiromasa, Shoichi Kuramitsu, Takenori Domei, Kyohei Yamaji, Makoto Hyodo, Yoshimitsu Soga, Shinichi Shirai, Kenji Ando
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
TCT-307 Vascular Closure Device Use After PCI for Left Main Disease: Analysis From the EXCEL Trial
Authors: Toshiki Kuno, Roxana Mehran, Bimmer Claessen, Paul Guedeney, Patrick Serruys, Joseph Sabik, Milan Milojevic, Chuck Simonton, John Puskas, David Kandzari, Marie-Claude Morice, David Taggart, Anthony Gershlick, Zixuan Zhang, Michael Ragosta, Irving Kron, Ovidiu Dressler, Martin Leon, Stuart Pocock, Ori Ben-Yehuda, A. Pieter Kappetein, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
TCT-213 Immediate and 5-Year Results of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in In-Stent Restenotic Chronic Total Occlusion: Data From 2,659 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Tianjie Wang, Weixian Yang, Changdong Guan, Shubin Qiao, Bo Xu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Vedolizumab versus Adalimumab for Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Bruce E. Sands, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Edward V. Loftus, Silvio Danese, Jean-Frédéric Colombel, Murat Törüner, Laimas Jonaitis, Brihad Abhyankar, Jingjing Chen, Raquel Rogers, Richard A. Lirio, Jeffrey D. Bornstein, Stefan Schreiber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

Biologic therapies are widely used in patients with ulcerative colitis. Head-to-head trials of these therapies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease are lacking.
ADAMTS8 Promotes the Development of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Right Ventricular Failure
Authors: Junichi Omura, Kimio Satoh, Nobuhiro Kikuchi, Taijyu Satoh, Ryo Kurosawa, Masamichi Nogi, Tomohiro Ohtsuki, Md Elias Al-Mamun, Mohammad Abdul Hai Siddique, Nobuhiro Yaoita, Shinichiro Sunamura, Satoshi Miyata, Yasushi Hoshikawa, Yoshinori Okada, Hiroaki Shimokawa
Journal: Circulation Research (2019)

Rationale: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling with aberrant pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation, endothelial dysfunction, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Objective: Right ventricular (RV) failure is an important prognostic factor in PAH. Thus, we need to elucidate a novel therapeutic target in both PAH and RV failure. Methods and Results: We performed microarray analysis in PASMCs from patients with PAH (PAH-PASMCs) and controls. We found a ADAMTS8 (disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 8), a secreted protein specifically expressed in the lung and the heart, was upregulated in PAH-PASMCs and the lung in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) in mice. To elucidate the role of ADAMTS8 in PH, we used vascular smooth muscle cell-specific ADAMTS8-knockout mice (ADAMTS ΔSM22 ). Hypoxia-induced PH was attenuated in ADAMTS ΔSM22 mice compared with controls. ADAMTS8 overexpression increased PASMC proliferation with downregulation of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase). In contrast, deletion of ADAMTS8 reduced PASMC proliferation with AMPK upregulation. Moreover, deletion of ADAMTS8 reduced mitochondrial fragmentation under hypoxia in vivo and in vitro. Indeed, PASMCs harvested from ADAMTS ΔSM22 mice demonstrated that phosphorylated DRP-1 (dynamin-related protein 1) at Ser637 was significantly upregulated with higher expression of profusion genes (Mfn1 and Mfn2) and improved mitochondrial function. Moreover, recombinant ADAMTS8 induced endothelial dysfunction and matrix metalloproteinase activation in an autocrine/paracrine manner. Next, to elucidate the role of ADAMTS8 in RV function, we developed a cardiomyocyte-specific ADAMTS8 knockout mice (ADAMTS8 ΔαMHC ). ADAMTS8 ΔαMHC mice showed ameliorated RV failure in response to chronic hypoxia. In addition, ADAMTS8 ΔαMHC mice showed enhanced angiogenesis and reduced RV ischemia and fibrosis. Finally, high-throughput screening revealed that mebendazole, which is used for treatment of parasite infections, reduced ADAMTS8 expression and cell proliferation in PAH-PASMCs and ameliorated PH and RV failure in PH rodent models. Conclusions: These results indicate that ADAMTS8 is a novel therapeutic target in PAH.
Big ideas and small pleasures
Authors: Helen Macdonald
Journal: BMJ (2019)

As the leaders of United Nations countries meet in New York to discuss the sustainable development goals this week (https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org), The BMJ adds more to its collection of articles on universal health coverage. The 17 SDGs aim to bring peace and prosperity to people and the planet. To ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing is the third goal. Key to achieving this goal is universal health coverage, so now and in the coming weeks we will be taking a close …
Author Correction: PD-1 blockade in subprimed CD8 cells induces dysfunctional PD-1+CD38hi cells and anti-PD-1 resistance
Authors: Vivek Verma, Rajeev K Shrimali, Shamim Ahmad, Winjie Dai, Hua Wang, Sumin Lu, Rahul Nandre, Pankaj Gaur, Jose Lopez, Moshe Sade-Feldman, Keren Yizhak, Stacey L. Bjorgaard, Keith T. Flaherty, Jennifer A. Wargo, Genevieve M. Boland, Ryan J. Sullivan, Gad Getz, Scott A. Hammond, Ming Tan, Jingjing Qi, Phillip Wong, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Nir Hacohen, John E. Janik, Mikayel Mkrtichyan, Seema Gupta, Samir N. Khleif
Journal: Nature Immunology (2019)
Pegilodecakin combined with pembrolizumab or nivolumab for patients with advanced solid tumours (IVY): a multicentre, multicohort, open-label, phase 1b trial
Authors: Aung Naing, Deborah J Wong, Jeffrey R Infante, W Michael Korn, Raid Aljumaily, Kyriakos P Papadopoulos, Karen A Autio, Shubham Pant, Todd M Bauer, Alexandra Drakaki, Naval G Daver, Annie Hung, Navneet Ratti, Scott McCauley, Peter Van Vlasselaer, Rakesh Verma, David Ferry, Martin Oft, Adi Diab, Edward B Garon, Nizar M Tannir
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2019)
Helen Salisbury: The importance of coffee
Authors: Helen Salisbury
Journal: BMJ (2019)

When I was a newly qualified GP in search of a practice that would feel like home, one of the questions I used to ask was, “When and where do you meet for coffee breaks?” Clearly, the coffee itself isn’t important—it could be tea, water, or whatever—but creating a shared time and space is. The answer to my question was often revealing in what it told me about relationships at the practice: was this a supportive place, where doctors enjoyed each other’s company, or one where they remained holed up in their rooms, …
TCT-466 Clopidogrel Plus Aspirin Use Is Associated With Poor Long-Term Outcomes, but Aspirin Use Alone Is Safe in Patients With Vasospastic Angina: Results From VA-Korea Registry, a Prospective Multicenter Cohort
Authors: Sang-Ho Jo, Min-Ho Lee, Won-Woo Seo, Sung-Eun Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
HLA-B27 alters BMP/TGFβ signalling in<i>Drosophila</i>, revealing putative pathogenic mechanism for spondyloarthritis
Authors: Benjamin Grandon, Aurore Rincheval-Arnold, Nadège Jah, Jean-Marc Corsi, Luiza M Araujo, Simon Glatigny, Erwann Prevost, Delphine Roche, Gilles Chiocchia, Isabelle Guénal, Sébastien Gaumer, Maxime Breban
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

Objectives The human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 confers an increased risk of spondyloarthritis (SpA) by unknown mechanism. The objective of this work was to uncover HLA-B27 non-canonical properties that could explain its pathogenicity, using a new Drosophila model. Methods We produced transgenic Drosophila expressing the SpA-associated HLA-B*27:04 or HLA-B*27:05 subtypes, or the non-associated HLA-B*07:02 allele, alone or in combination with human β2-microglobulin (hβ2m), under tissue-specific drivers. Consequences of transgenes expression in Drosophila were examined and affected pathways were investigated by the genetic interaction experiments. Predictions of the model were further tested in immune cells from patients with SpA. Results Loss of crossveins in the wings and a reduced eye phenotype were observed after expression of HLA-B*27:04 or HLA-B*27:05 in Drosophila but not in fruit flies expressing the non-associated HLA-B*07:02 allele. These HLA-B27-induced phenotypes required the presence of hβ2m that allowed expression of well-folded HLA-B conformers at the cell surface. Loss of crossveins resulted from a dominant negative effect of HLA-B27 on the type I bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor saxophone (Sax) with which it interacted, resulting in elevated mothers against decapentaplegic (Mad, a Drosophila receptor-mediated Smad) phosphorylation. Likewise, in immune cells from patients with SpA, HLA-B27 specifically interacted with activin receptor-like kinase-2 (ALK2), the mammalian Sax ortholog, at the cell surface and elevated Smad phosphorylation was observed in response to activin A and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). Conclusions Antagonistic interaction of HLA-B27 with ALK2, which exerts inhibitory functions on the TGFβ/BMP signalling pathway at the cross-road between inflammation and ossification, could adequately explain SpA development.
Screening for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria
Authors: Jill Jin
Journal: JAMA (2019)

US Preventive Services Task Force; Douglas K. Owens, MD, MS; Karina W. Davidson, PhD, MASc; Alex H. Krist, MD, MPH; Michael J. Barry, MD; Michael Cabana, MD, MA, MPH; Aaron B. Caughey, MD, PhD; Chyke A. Doubeni, MD, MPH; John W. Epling Jr, MD, MSEd; Martha Kubik, PhD, RN; C. Seth Landefeld, MD; Carol M. Mangione, MD, MSPH; Lori Pbert, PhD; Michael Silverstein, MD, MPH; Melissa A. Simon, MD, MPH; Chien-Wen Tseng, MD, MPH, MSEE; John B. Wong, MD
Having a named GP doesn’t improve older patients’ continuity of care, finds study
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2019)

The named GP scheme, introduced for all patients in England over 75 in 2014, did not lead to improvements in continuity of care or in rates of unplanned admissions to hospital, researchers have found.1

The scheme gave all these patients a named accountable GP, in a bid to improve care among the ageing population and to try to ensure that their complex health and care needs were met.

However, researchers from the University of Bristol have found that it did not have the desired effect. They said that the “patient-doctor relationship is much more complex” than the scheme …
Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Matthew D. Hellmann, Luis Paz-Ares, Reyes Bernabe Caro, Bogdan Zurawski, Sang-We Kim, Enric Carcereny Costa, Keunchil Park, Aurelia Alexandru, Lorena Lupinacci, Emmanuel de la Mora Jimenez, Hiroshi Sakai, Istvan Albert, Alain Vergnenegre, Solange Peters, Konstantinos Syrigos, Fabrice Barlesi, Martin Reck, Hossein Borghaei, Julie R. Brahmer, Kenneth J. O’Byrne, William J. Geese, Prabhu Bhagavatheeswaran, Sridhar K. Rabindran, Ravi S. Kasinathan, Faith E. Nathan, Suresh S. Ramalingam
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

In an early-phase study involving patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the response rate was better with nivolumab plus ipilimumab than with nivolumab monotherapy, particularly among patients with tumors that expressed programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Data are needed to assess the long-term benefit of nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with NSCLC.
‘Stealth’ corporate innovation: an emerging threat for therapeutic drug development
Authors: Dimitrios C. Mastellos, Anna M. Blom, E. Sander Connolly, Mohamed R. Daha, Brian V. Geisbrecht, Berhane Ghebrehiwet, Piet Gros, George Hajishengallis, V. Michael Holers, Markus Huber-Lang, Taroh Kinoshita, Tom E. Mollnes, Robert A. Montgomery, B. Paul Morgan, Bo Nilsson, Ruben Pio, Daniel Ricklin, Antonio M. Risitano, Ronald P. Taylor, Alberto Mantovani, John P. A. Ioannidis, John D. Lambris
Journal: Nature Immunology (2019)
Screening for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults
Authors: Jillian T. Henderson, Elizabeth M. Webber, Sarah I. Bean
Journal: JAMA (2019)

<h3>Importance</h3> Screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria can identify patients for whom treatment might be beneficial for preventing symptomatic infection and other health outcomes. <h3>Objective</h3> To systematically review benefits and harms of asymptomatic bacteriuria screening and treatment in adults, including during pregnancy, to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. <h3>Data Sources</h3> MEDLINE, PubMed (publisher-supplied records), and Cochrane Collaboration Central Registry of Controlled Trials; surveillance through May 24, 2019. <h3>Study Selection</h3> Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies on benefits and harms of screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria; RCTs on benefits and harms of asymptomatic bacteriuria treatment. Eligible populations included unselected, asymptomatic individuals without known urinary tract conditions. <h3>Data Extraction and Synthesis</h3> Independent critical appraisal and data abstraction by 2 reviewers. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate benefits of the interventions. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Symptomatic infection; function, morbidity, mortality; pregnancy complications and birth outcomes. <h3>Results</h3> Nineteen studies (N = 8443) meeting inclusion criteria were identified. Two cohort studies (n = 5289) found fewer cases of pyelonephritis in the cohorts of screened pregnant women (0.5%) than within retrospective comparisons of unscreened cohorts (2.2% and 1.8%); the larger study estimated a statistically significant relative risk of 0.30 (95% CI, 0.15-0.60). No studies examined screening in nonpregnant populations. Among 12 trials of asymptomatic bacteriuria screening and treatment during pregnancy (n = 2377; 1 conducted within past 30 years), there were reduced rates of pyelonephritis (range, 0%-16.5% for the intervention group and 2.2%-36.4% for the control group; pooled risk ratio [RR], 0.24 [95% CI, 0.14-0.40]; 12 trials) and low birth weight (range, 2.5%-14.8% for the intervention group and 6.7%-21.4% for the control group; pooled RR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.46-0.90]; 7 trials). There was no significant difference in infant mortality (pooled RR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.29-3.26]; 6 trials). Five RCTs of asymptomatic bacteriuria treatment in nonpregnant adults (n = 777) did not report any significant differences in risk of infection, mobility, or mortality. Limited evidence on harms of screening or treatment was available, and no statistically significant differences were identified. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Screening and treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy was associated with reduced rates of pyelonephritis and low birth weights, but the available evidence was not current, with only 1 study conducted in the past 30 years. Benefits of asymptomatic bacteriuria treatment in nonpregnant adult populations were not found. Trial evidence on harms of asymptomatic bacteriuria antibiotic treatment was limited.