tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adipose tissue derived bacteria are associated with inflammation in obesity and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lucas Massier, Rima Chakaroun, Shirin Tabei, Alyce Crane, Konrad David Didt, Jörg Fallmann, Martin von Bergen, Sven-Bastiaan Haange, Henrike Heyne, Michael Stumvoll, Martin Gericke, Arne Dietrich, Matthias Blüher, Niculina Musat, Peter Kovacs
Journal: Gut (2020)

Objective Bacterial translocation to various organs including human adipose tissue (AT) due to increased intestinal permeability remains poorly understood. We hypothesised that: (1) bacterial presence is highly tissue specific and (2) related in composition and quantity to immune inflammatory and metabolic burden. Design We quantified and sequenced the bacterial 16S rRNA gene in blood and AT samples (omental, mesenteric and subcutaneous) of 75 subjects with obesity with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D) and used catalysed reporter deposition (CARD) – fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) to detect bacteria in AT. Results Under stringent experimental and bioinformatic control for contaminants, bacterial DNA was detected in blood and omental, subcutaneous and mesenteric AT samples in the range of 0.1 to 5 pg/µg DNA isolate. Moreover, CARD-FISH allowed the detection of living, AT-borne bacteria. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the predominant phyla, and bacterial quantity was associated with immune cell infiltration, inflammatory and metabolic parameters in a tissue-specific manner. Bacterial composition differed between subjects with and without T2D and was associated with related clinical measures, including systemic and tissues-specific inflammatory markers. Finally, treatment of adipocytes with bacterial DNA in vitro stimulated the expression of TNFA and IL6 . Conclusions Our study provides contaminant aware evidence for the presence of bacteria and bacterial DNA in several ATs in obesity and T2D and suggests an important role of bacteria in initiating and sustaining local AT subclinical inflammation and therefore impacting metabolic sequelae of obesity.
Association of Inflammation With Progression of Hair Loss in Women With Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia
Authors: David Saceda-Corralo, Cristina Pindado-Ortega, Oscar M. Moreno-Arrones, Daniel Ortega-Quijano, Diego Fernández-Nieto, Juan Jiménez-Cauhe, Sergio Vañó-Galván
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2020)

Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a cicatricial alopecia that results in hair follicle destruction on the frontotemporal hairline.To our knowledge, the association of inflammation with progression of the disease has not been studied prospectively.
Revitalising audit and feedback by understanding and responding to local contexts
Authors: Duncan Wagstaff, Cecilia Vindrola, Naomi Fulop, S Ramani Moonesinghe
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Foy and colleagues summarise the challenges and opportunities for using audit and feedback to improve patient care.1 We agree that research should be embedded to improve the effect of national audits. In addition to the study designs described by Foy et al, an understanding of …
Targeting STAT3 signaling pathway in cancer by agents derived from Mother Nature
Authors: Chakrabhavi Dhananjaya Mohan, Shobith Rangappa, Habbanakuppe D Preetham, S Chandra Nayaka, Vijai K Gupta, Salundi Basappa, Gautam Sethi, Kanchugarakoppal S Rangappa
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2020)
Imbalance favoring follicular helper T cells over IL10+ regulatory B cells is detrimental for the kidney allograft
Authors: Rocio Laguna-Goya, Alberto Utrero-Rico, Francisco Luis Cano-Romero, Elena Gómez-Massa, Esther González, Amado Andrés, Esther Mancebo-Sierra, Estela Paz-Artal
Journal: Kidney International (2020)
Should we let fever run its course in the early stages of COVID-19?
Authors: Alexandre A Steiner
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2020)

The author’s research reviewed herein was supported by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP; grant Nos. 12/03831-8, 16/04921-1 & 18/03418-0).
Predicting clinical outcomes in patients with bleeding from gastric cancer: novel tools are needed to nail it!
Authors: Fauze Maluf-Filho
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

There has been a global trend in the reduction of cancer-related mortality, especially in high-income countries [1]. Primary prevention, screening programs, minimally invasive therapies, targeted chemotherapy, and better palliative treatments can explain, at least in part, this global trend. One of the possible consequences of the longer survival of patients with cancer is an increased frequency of adverse events related to treatment and the disease itself. Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is one of the most common causes of admission to the emergency room of oncology centers. In our experience, the bleeding source is the tumor itself in more than 80 % of patients with a primary malignancy located in the upper GI tract [2]. The performance of risk scoring systems in predicting the clinical outcomes of upper GI bleeding from malignancy is unclear. The ideal risk scoring system should accurately identify low risk patients who could be eligible for early discharge, differentiating them from high risk patients who should be managed in the intensive care unit.
The worst is not, so long as we can say “this is the worst”
Authors: Jonathan Bate
Journal: The Lancet (2020)

"There have been as many plagues as wars in history", the doctor observes, "yet always plagues and wars take people equally by surprise". Even after a few scattered deaths, "the danger still remained fantastically unreal." "It's impossible it should be the plague, everyone knows it has vanished from the West", says one character early in the novel, as first the rats and then the people begin to die. "Yes, everyone knew that", replies the doctor, "except the dead". The infection comes to a town that is obsessed with business, a place where the sole object seems to be the pursuit of wealth.
Performance of immune-based and microbiological tests in children with tuberculosis meningitis in Europe: a multicentre Paediatric Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group (ptbnet) study
Authors: Robindra Basu Roy, Stephanie Thee, Daniel Blázquez-Gamero, Lola Falcón-Neyra, Olaf Neth, Antoni Noguera-Julian, Cristina Lillo, Luisa Galli, Elisabetta Venturini, Danilo Buonsenso, Florian Götzinger, Nuria Martinez-Alier, Svetlana Velizarova, Folke Brinkmann, Steven B. Welch, Maria Tsolia, Begoña Santiago-Garcia, Renate Krüger, Marc Tebruegge
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Introduction Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is often diagnostically challenging. Only limited data exist on the performance of interferon-γ release assays (IGRA) and molecular assays in children with TBM in routine clinical practice, particularly in the European setting. Methods Multicentre, retrospective study involving 27 healthcare institutions providing care for children with tuberculosis (TB) in nine European countries. Results Of 118 children included, 54 (45.8%) had definite, 38 (32.2%) probable and 26 (22.0%) possible TBM; 39 (33.1%) had TBM grade 1, 68 (57.6%) grade 2 and 11 (9.3%) grade 3. Of 108 patients who underwent cranial imaging 90 (83.3%) had at least one abnormal finding consistent with TBM. At the 5-mm cut-off the tuberculin skin test had a sensitivity of 61.9% (95% CI 51.2–71.6%) and at the 10-mm cut-off 50.0% (95% CI 40.0–60.0%). The test sensitivities of QuantiFERON-TB and T-SPOT.TB assays were 71.7% (95% CI 58.4–82.1%) and 82.5% (95% CI 58.2–94.6%), respectively (p=0.53). Indeterminate results were common, occurring in 17.0% of QuantiFERON-TB assays performed. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures were positive in 50.0% (95% CI 40.1–59.9%) of cases, and CSF PCR in 34.8% (95% CI 22.9–43.7%). In the subgroup of children who underwent tuberculin skin test, IGRA, CSF culture and CSF PCR simultaneously, 84.4% had at least one positive test result (95% CI 67.8%–93.6%). Conclusions Existing immunological and microbiological TB tests have suboptimal sensitivity in children with TBM, with each test producing false-negative results in a substantial proportion of patients. Combining immune-based tests with CSF culture and CSF PCR results in considerably higher positive diagnostic yields, and should therefore be standard clinical practice in high-resource settings.
Abstract B16: High-resolution metagenomic profiling revealed gut microbiome features for the response to cancer immunotherapy reproducible among multiple cohorts of patients
Authors: Chan Yeong Kim, Beung-Chul Ahn, Min Hee Hong, Yoo Jin Chun, Hye Ryun Kim, Insuk Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Cancer immunotherapy is currently standard of treatment showing significant clinical benefits to cancer patients, but the beneficial effects are limited to a relatively small subset of patients. Of various factors that may affect the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, the gut microbiome is receiving more attention because of its strong correlation with immune regulation. Recently, independent studies based on Western populations have identified several taxa that are differentially abundant between responders and nonresponders. However, the reported taxa associated with anti-PD-1 response differ entirely among these studies. In this study, we performed 1) deep (&amp;gt;100M reads in average) metagenome shotgun sequencing on the fecal sample of 49 Korean non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, 2) taxonomic profiling using a highly comprehensive gut microbiome-specific genome database, and 3) gene-level profiling with the gut microbiome specific gene catalog to improve the resolution of metagenomic analysis. With the high-resolution metagenomic profiling, we found several taxonomic and functional signatures associated with the response of anti-PD-1 therapy. Interestingly, we found that some of the signatures were reproduced in five independent datasets regardless of the cancer types (melanoma, NSCLC, and renal cell carcinoma) and the type of immunotherapy (anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA4, and the combination of them). For instance, a responder-enriched taxon in the Korean cohort was more frequently detected in the responders in all cohorts (abundance fold-change &amp;gt; 2) and significantly enriched (p&amp;lt;0.05) in two cohorts. Moreover, when we performed an association analysis with the combined profile, the taxon was identified with the highest significance among the differentially abundant taxa (fold-change=2.41, p=2.5e-06). Consistent with the result of the taxon-level analysis, we found that the genes encoded by the taxon were also enriched in responders in multiple studies. In summary, using high-resolution metagenomic profiling, we identified gut microbiome features for the response to cancer immunotherapy shared across multiple cohorts for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Citation Format: Chan Yeong Kim, Beung-Chul Ahn, Min Hee Hong, Yoo Jin Chun, Hye Ryun Kim, Insuk Lee. High-resolution metagenomic profiling revealed gut microbiome features for the response to cancer immunotherapy reproducible among multiple cohorts of patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Microbiome, Viruses, and Cancer; 2020 Feb 21-24; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(8 Suppl):Abstract nr B16.
Sorting Nexin 10 Mediates Metabolic Reprogramming of Macrophages in Atherosclerosis Through the Lyn-Dependent TFEB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yan You, Wei-Lian Bao, Su-Lin Zhang, Hai-Dong Li, Hui Li, Wen-Zhen Dang, Si-Li Zou, Xin-Yue Cao, Xu Wang, Li-Xin Liu, Hualiang Jiang, Le-Feng Qu, Mingyue Zheng, Xiaoyan Shen
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)

SNX10 (sorting nexin 10) has been reported to play a critical role in regulating macrophage function and lipid metabolism.To investigate the precise role of SNX10 in atherosclerotic diseases and the underlying mechanisms.SNX10 expression was compared between human healthy vessels and carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Myeloid cell-specific SNX10 knockdown mice were crossed onto the APOE-/- (apolipoprotein E) background and atherogenesis (high-cholesterol diet-induced) was monitored for 16 weeks. We found that SNX10 expression was increased in atherosclerotic lesions of aortic specimens from humans and APOE-/- mice. Myeloid cell-specific SNX10 deficiency (Δ knockout [KO]) attenuated atherosclerosis progression in APOE-/- mice. The population of anti-inflammatory monocytes/macrophages was increased in the peripheral blood and atherosclerotic lesions of ΔKO mice. In vitro experiments showed that SNX10 deficiency-inhibited foam cell formation through interrupting the internalization of CD36, which requires the interaction of SNX10 and Lyn-AKT (protein kinase B). The reduced Lyn-AKT activation by SNX10 deficiency promoted the nuclear translocation of TFEB (transcription factor EB), thereby enhanced lysosomal biogenesis and LAL (lysosomal acid lipase) activity, resulting in an increase of free fatty acids to fuel mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. This further promoted the reprogramming of macrophages and shifted toward the anti-inflammatory phenotype.Our data demonstrate for the first time that SNX10 plays a crucial role in diet-induced atherogenesis via the previously unknown link between the Lyn-Akt-TFEB signaling pathway and macrophage reprogramming, suggest that SNX10 may be a potentially promising therapeutic target for atherosclerosis treatment.
Tumor Cell–Derived Angiopoietin-2 Promotes Metastasis in Melanoma
Authors: Ashik Ahmed Abdul Pari, Mahak Singhal, Corinne Hübers, Carolin Mogler, Benjamin Schieb, Anja Gampp, Nicolas Gengenbacher, Louise E. Reynolds, Dorothee Terhardt, Cyrill Géraud, Jochen Utikal, Markus Thomas, Sergij Goerdt, Kairbaan M. Hodivala-Dilke, Hellmut G. Augustin, Moritz Felcht
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract The angiopoietin (Angpt)–TIE signaling pathway controls vascular maturation and maintains the quiescent phenotype of resting vasculature. The contextual agonistic and antagonistic Tie2 ligand ANGPT2 is believed to be exclusively produced by endothelial cells, disrupting constitutive ANGPT1–TIE2 signaling to destabilize the microvasculature during pathologic disorders like inflammation and cancer. However, scattered reports have also portrayed tumor cells as a source of ANGPT2. Employing ISH-based detection of ANGPT2, we found strong tumor cell expression of ANGPT2 in a subset of patients with melanoma. Comparative analysis of biopsies revealed a higher fraction of ANGPT2-expressing tumor cells in metastatic versus primary sites. Tumor cell–expressed Angpt2 was dispensable for primary tumor growth, yet in-depth analysis of primary tumors revealed enhanced intratumoral necrosis upon silencing of tumor cell Angpt2 expression in the absence of significant immune and vascular alterations. Global transcriptional profiling of Angpt2-deficient tumor cells identified perturbations in redox homeostasis and an increased response to cellular oxidative stress. Ultrastructural analyses illustrated a significant increase of dysfunctional mitochondria in Angpt2-silenced tumor cells, thereby resulting in enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and downstream MAPK stress signaling. Functionally, enhanced ROS in Angpt2-silenced tumor cells reduced colonization potential in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these findings uncover the hitherto unappreciated role of tumor cell–expressed ANGPT2 as an autocrine-positive regulator of metastatic colonization and validate ANGPT2 as a therapeutic target for a well-defined subset of patients with melanoma. Significance: This study reveals that tumor cells can be a source of ANGPT2 in the tumor microenvironment and that tumor cell-derived ANGPT2 augments metastatic colonization by protecting tumor cells from oxidative stress.
Evaluating a Utilization Management Policy in Radiation Oncology
Authors: Eric M. Chang, Benjamin P. Falit, Ann C. Raldow
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
ADHD management during the COVID-19 pandemic: guidance from the European ADHD Guidelines Group
Authors: Samuele Cortese, Philip Asherson, Edmund Sonuga-Barke, Tobias Banaschewski, Daniel Brandeis, Jan Buitelaar, David Coghill, David Daley, Marina Danckaerts, Ralf W Dittmann, Manfred Doepfner, Maite Ferrin, Chris Hollis, Martin Holtmann, Eric Konofal, Michel Lecendreux, Paramala Santosh, Aribert Rothenberger, César Soutullo, Hans-Christoph Steinhausen, Eric Taylor, Saskia Van der Oord, Ian Wong, Alessandro Zuddas, Emily Simonoff
Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2020)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is creating unprecedented challenges at every level of society. Individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are particularly vulnerable to the distress caused by the pandemic and physical distancing measures, and they might display increased behavioural problems. The crisis also poses several important questions for clinicians on how best to deliver care within the new restrictions. Therefore, the European ADHD Guidelines Group (EAGG) has developed guidance on the assessment and management of ADHD during the COVID-19 virus pandemic (see full guidance in the appendix).
OH-2, a Hyperdiploid Myeloma Cell Line without An IGH Translocation, Has a Complex Translocation Juxtaposing MYC near MAFB and the IGK Locus
Authors: Thea Kristin Våtsveen, Erming Tian, Stine H Kresse, Leonardo A Meza-zepeda, Ana Gabrea, Hong Yan Dai, Michael Kuehl, Anders Sundan, Magne Borset
Journal: Blood (2008)
Abstract IA14: Characterizing the tumor microbiome and its effects on response to therapy
Authors: Ravid Straussman
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract The presence of bacteria in human solid tumors has been documented for over 100 years. Still, it is only in recent years that a more thorough characterization of this low-biomass microbiome has been pursued. In my lecture, I will describe our efforts to characterize the type of bacteria present across multiple human solid tumors as well as their intratumor location. I will also describe our efforts to study the effect that intratumor bacteria may have on different tumor phenotypes in general and on response to therapy in particular. Citation Format: Ravid Straussman. Characterizing the tumor microbiome and its effects on response to therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Microbiome, Viruses, and Cancer; 2020 Feb 21-24; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(8 Suppl):Abstract nr IA14.
Bioactive biodegradable polycitrate nanoclusters enhances the myoblast differentiation and in vivo skeletal muscle regeneration via p38 MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Yi Guo, Min Wang, Juan Ge, Wen Niu, Mi Chen, Wei Cheng, Bo Lei
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2020)

Complete skeletal muscle repair and regeneration due to severe large injury or disease is still a challenge. Biochemical cues are critical to control myoblast cell function and can be utilized to develop smart biomaterials for skeletal muscle engineering. Citric acid-based biodegradable polymers have received much attention on tissue engineering, however, their regulation on myoblast cell differentiation and mechanism was few investigated. Here, we find that citrate-based polycitrate-polyethylene glycol-polyethylenimine (POCG-PEI600) nanoclusters can significantly enhance the
Progress Toward Measles Elimination — Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2013–2019
Authors: James L. Goodson, Nadia Teleb, Hossam Ashmony, Nasrin Musa, Amany Ghoniem, Quamrul Hassan, Abdul Shakoor Waciqi, Mohammed Osama Mere, Muhammad Farid, Hanan Elhag Abdo Mukhtar, Javed Iqbal, James P. Alexander
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

The number of children in the Eastern Mediterranean Region receiving 2 doses of measles vaccine increased during 2013–2018, but vaccination coverage remains below levels (≥95%) that the World Health O
How to Obtain a Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimen
Authors: Christy McRae-Siebenbrodt, Hans L Tillmann, Christopher J Hostler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

How to Obtain a Nasopharyngeal Swab SpecimenTo the Editor: The appropriate procedure for obtaining a nasopharyngeal swab specimen, as shown in the video by Marty et al. (published on April 17 at NEJM.org), 1 is of paramount importance.Proper collection of a specimen for virus detection, which is essential to minimize false negative results, depends on the expertise and training of the person who is performing the procedure. 2 During the Covid-19 pandemic, health care workers from various hospital departments have been redirected to other departments in order to provide enough staff.Non-otolaryngologists who are assigned to collect nasopharyngeal specimens may not be familiar with nasal anatomy.To overcome the lack of anatomical knowledge and skills, various videos and illustrations have been published.However, some of them have provided the wrong directions for accessing the nasopharynx. 3 We think that the most easily understandable and correct approach for this procedure is to insert the swab and direct it from the nasal ala toward the earlobe 4 ; this follows the direction of the floor of the nasal fossa (Fig. 1).This technique, which is used in our daily practice as otolaryngologists during nasal packing for epistaxis, may improve the quality of specimen collection, especially if nurses or other persons who are not ear, nose, and throat specialists are obtaining the sample.