tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Keratinocyte Carcinomas: Current Concepts and Future Research Priorities
Authors: Priyadharsini Nagarajan, Maryam M. Asgari, Adele C. Green, Samantha M. Guhan, Sarah T. Arron, Charlotte M. Proby, Dana E. Rollison, Catherine A. Harwood, Amanda Ewart Toland
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2019)

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are keratinocyte carcinomas, the most frequently diagnosed cancers in fair-skinned populations. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the main driving carcinogen for these tumors, but immunosuppression, pigmentary factors, and aging are also risk factors. Scientific discoveries have improved the understanding of the role of human papillomaviruses (HPV) in cSCC as well as the skin microbiome and a compromised immune system in the development of both cSCC and BCC. Genomic analyses have uncovered genetic risk variants, high-risk susceptibility genes, and somatic events that underlie common pathways important in keratinocyte carcinoma tumorigenesis and tumor characteristics that have enabled development of prediction models for early identification of high-risk individuals. Advances in chemoprevention in high-risk individuals and progress in targeted and immune-based treatment approaches have the potential to decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with these tumors. As the incidence and prevalence of keratinocyte carcinoma continue to increase, strategies for prevention, including effective sun-protective behavior, educational interventions, and reduction of tanning bed access and usage, are essential. Gaps in our knowledge requiring additional research to reduce the high morbidity and costs associated with keratinocyte carcinoma include better understanding of factors leading to more aggressive tumors, the roles of microbiome and HPV infection, prediction of response to therapies including immune checkpoint blockade, and how to tailor both prevention and treatment to individual risk factors and needs.
Safety of Tattoos in Persons Undergoing MRI
Authors: Martina F. Callaghan, Clive Negus, Alexander P. Leff, Megan Creasey, Sheila Burns, Janice Glensman, David Bradbury, Elaine Williams, Nikolaus Weiskopf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

To the Editor: Case reports of adverse reactions in persons undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have implicated tattoos as a potential source of risk. [1]2][3][4][5] Quantitative data are lacking to inform the risk assessment of tattoo-associated adverse events among persons undergoing MRI, but these data are needed given the increasing prevalence of tattoos.In a prospective study, volunteers at the University College London Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging who were enrolled in neuroimaging studies involving scanners with a magnetic field strength of 3 Tesla were asked to participate if they had at least one tattoo and met specific inclusion criteria (≤5% of the body tattooed, tattoo or tattoos ≤20 cm in length, and no tattoos on the head, neck, or genitals) (see Table S1 in the Supplementary Appendix, available with the full text of this letter at NEJM.org).The study was approved by the ethics committee of University College London, and written informed consent was obtained from all the participants.Characteristics (the number, colors, and dimensions of the tattoos; the country in which the tattoos were applied; and the year of the application of the tattoos) were recorded along with the maximum specific absorption rate of the MRI sequences (which was maintained at <2 watts per kilogram) and the age and sex of the participants.The primary outcome measure was successful completion of MRI.If completion of MRI was unsuccessful, the event was deemed by the investigators to be an adverse reaction if it was tattoo-related.Between 2011 and 2017, a total of 330 persons who were 18 to 66 years of age underwent MRI in a total of 585 sessions.Five different MRI scanners (one Allegra scanner,
Jack J Kanski
Authors: Richard B Packard
Journal: BMJ (2019)

There can be very few ophthalmologists and other ophthalmic professionals across the globe who at one time or another will not have delved into a book by Jack Kanski. Anybody who trained in ophthalmology in the past 35 years will have been thankful for his extraordinary output of textbooks on all aspects of this specialty to help them pass their examinations.

Jack was born Jacek Jerzy Kanski in Warsaw, Poland. He was the son of Jerzy Jordan Kanski and Adela Jozefa (Wroblewska) Kanski. Jack’s father was a senior member on the staff of Marshal Edward Śmigly-Rydz, the commander in chief of Polish forces at the start of the second world war. Jack spent his first few years …
Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) in Hematological and Non-Hematological Cancers: A Nationwide Analysis
Authors: Manoj P Rai, Prabhjot Singh Bedi, Justin D. Kaner, Samanjit Kaur Kandola, Konchok Norgais, Nishant Tageja, Heather Laird-Fick, James B. Bussel, Stanley M. Marks, Marwan S Abougergi
Journal: Blood (2018)
Abstract P350: Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) Predict Incident Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) in a Cohort of Middle-aged to Elderly Men
Authors: Sean A Martin, Andrew Vincent, Anne W Taylor, Robert J Adams, Peter O’Loughlin, Gary A Wittert
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Both lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) share multiple risk factors. Whether LUTS predict the development of CVD, independent of these factors, remains unclear. Objectives: To examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between LUTS (total, storage, and voiding LUTS) and first-event CVD. Methods: Participants were drawn from a cohort of randomly-selected, community-dwelling men aged 35-80 years at recruitment (2002-5;n = 1195;sample response rate: 67.8%). LUTS were assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Scale (IPSS). Men with an overall IPSS score &gt;7 were classified as having total LUTS, while men with IPSS scores of &gt;3 for items 2, 4, &amp; 7 and &gt;4 for items 1,3, 5 &amp; 6 were classified with storage and voiding LUTS, respectively. CVD status was obtained by either self-reported physician diagnosis and/or data linkage with a state-wide registry of in-hospital events. The cross-sectional sample (n=1108) consisted of men who had uncomplicated LUTS and complete LUTS measures at baseline. Binomial logistic regression models were used to fit exposure (LUTS) against outcome (CVD) along with qualifying lifestyle, and health-related factors. The longitudinal sample consisted of all CVD-free men at T1 who attended follow-up visits (2007-10;n=701). Cox proportional models were used to determine to hazard ratios (HR) for first-event CVD or date of data-linkage (June 2015). Results: For the cross-sectional sample, 9.4% (n=104) of men examined were found to have CVD. Higher levels of CVD were observed in men with total (35.6% (n=37) vs. 18.2% (n=198) without CVD, p =0.009), storage (40.4% (n=42) vs. 28.3% (n=308), p =0.009) and voiding (31.7% (n=33) vs. 20.0% (n=218), p =0.005) LUTS. In unadjusted binomial models, CVD was associated with total LUTS (OR: 2.38; 95%CI: 1.23-4.31), storage LUTS (1.55;1.08-2.52), and voiding LUTS (1.55;1.08-3.33). In the multi-adjusted model, voiding (1.65; 1.06-3.89) and total (2.18; 1.17-4.11) LUTS was independently associated with CVD, with no significant associations observed for storage LUTS. In the longitudinal analysis (median follow-up duration: 67 months), n=103 CVD cases were detected (14.7% of sample; 20 MI,38 IHD,18 sudden cardiac arrests, and 27 heart failure cases). In unadjusted Cox proportional models, a significant association was detected for voiding (1.28;0.87-1.55) and total (HR: 1.22; 95%CI 1.05-1.83) LUTS, but not storage LUTS (1.18;0.78-2.01). In multi-adjusted models, total LUTS only (2.89;1.37-6.23) were associated with incident CVD. Conclusions: We demonstrate in a group of broadly-representative, middle aged men an independent association between total LUTS at baseline and the development of CVD, suggesting its utility as a prognostic marker for CVD.
A Patient Derived Xenograft As a Preclinical Model for Monomorphic Epitheliotropic Intestinal T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Dachuan Huang, Wan Lu Pang, Daryl Ming Zhe Cheah, Yurike Laurensia, Jing Quan Lim, Soo Yong Tan, Tiffany Tang, Soon Thye Lim, Choon Kiat Ong
Journal: Blood (2018)
‘A five-day course of oral antibiotics followed by faecal transplantation to eradicate carriage of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae’ – Author's reply
Authors: B.D. Huttner, T. Galperine, N. Kapel, S. Harbarth
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2019)

We would like to thank Mullish et al. for their letter regarding our study [1,2]. They rightly point out that the amount of faecal material (15–30 g of stool) used in patients treated with capsulized faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) was low and below the minimum of 30 g recommended in the 2017 European Consensus Conference on Faecal Microbiota Transplantation in Clinical Practicefor the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) [3]. At the time when the trial was planned (September 2012) there was still relatively little information available about capsulized FMT and a potential dose–efficacy relationship for the treatment of recurrent CDI.
肥大型心筋症の診療に関するガイドライン. 循環器病の診断と治療に関するガイドライン (2000-2001年度合同研究班報告) および委員会報告 (2000-2001年度合同研究班報告)
Authors: 日本循環器学会, 宏 笠貫, 裕久 加藤, 正敏 川名, 惣一郎 北村, 俊二 佐野, 明 宝田, 誠 中澤, 顕 北畠, 彰方 木村, 義則 古賀, 理 増山, 益徳 松崎, 昭 松森, 邦夫 宮武, 政和 寺柿, 広幸 山岸, 克 竹中, 希臣 濱田, 久義 藤原
Journal: Circulation (2002)
Association Between <i>ABCB1</i> Polymorphisms and Outcomes of Clopidogrel Treatment in Patients With Minor Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Yuesong Pan, Weiqi Chen, Yilong Wang, Hao Li, S. Claiborne Johnston, Tabassome Simon, Xingquan Zhao, Liping Liu, David Wang, Xia Meng, Yongjun Wang
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2019)

Genetic variants of ABCB1 may affect intestinal absorption of clopidogrel bisulfate. However, it is unclear whether ABCB1 polymorphisms are associated with clopidogrel efficacy for minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).To investigate the association between ABCB1 polymorphisms and clopidogrel efficacy for minor stroke or TIA.In this prespecified secondary analysis of the Clopidogrel in High-Risk Patients With Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events (CHANCE) randomized clinical trial, 3010 patients with minor stroke or TIA at 73 sites in China with experience in conducting genetic studies were included from October 1, 2009, to July 30, 2012. The analysis was conducted on March 20, 2018. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (ABCB1 -154T>C [rs4148727], ABCB1 3435C>T [rs1045642], CYP2C19*2 [681G>A, rs4244285], and CYP2C19*3 [636G>A, rs4986893]) were genotyped among 2836 patients treated with clopidogrel plus aspirin (n = 1414) or aspirin alone (n = 1422). The association of ABCB1 genetic variants (-154 TC/CC and 3435 CT/TT) with clopidogrel efficacy was evaluated in the context of CYP2C19 status, another gene associated with clopidogrel efficacy.Patients in the CHANCE trial were randomized to treatment with clopidogrel combined with aspirin or to aspirin alone.Primary efficacy outcome was stroke recurrence after 3 months. The safety outcome was any bleeding risk after 3 months.Among 2836 patients, the median age was 61.8 years (interquartile range, 54.4-71.1 years) and 1887 patients (66.5%) were male. A total of 2146 (75.7%) patients were carriers of ABCB1 -154 TC/CC (570 [20.1%]) or 3435 CT/TT (1851 [65.3%]) genotype. Clopidogrel plus aspirin treatment was associated with reduced risk of new stroke in patients with ABCB1 -154 TT and 3435 CC genotype (hazard ratio [HR], 0.43; 95% CI, 0.26-0.71) but not in those with ABCB1 -154 TC/CC or 3435 CT/TT genotype (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.60-1.03) compared with aspirin (P = .04 for interaction). A combined association of ABCB1 and CYP2C19 polymorphisms with new stroke was observed. The risk of bleeding for clopidogrel plus aspirin treatment was not associated with the ABCB1 genotypes (2.3% and 1.3% vs 1.9% and 2.2%; P = .25 for interaction in patients with or without ABCB1 -154 TC/CC or 3435 CT/TT genotype).The ABCB1 polymorphism was associated with the reduced efficacy of clopidogrel plus aspirin treatment compared with aspirin among patients with minor ischemic stroke or TIA. Genetic polymorphism of ABCB1 should be considered when prescribing clopidogrel for these patients.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00979589.
Abstract 19373: Glycemic Variability Determined by Continuous Glucose Monitoring System Predicts Rapid Progression of Non-culprit Lesions in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Shunsuke Kataoka, Masaomi Gohbara, Noriaki Iwahashi, Eiichi Akiyama, Nobuhiko Maejima, Kengo Tsukahara, Toshiaki Ebina, Satoshi Umemura, Kazuo Kimura
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Backgounds: Rapid progression (RP) of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been shown to be a powerful predictor of cardiovascular events. However, the predictor of RP in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) remains to be fully elucidated. Methods We prospectively investigated the clinical impact of glycemic variability (GV) as determined by a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) on RP of non-culprit lesions in 107 patients with ACS. All patients underwent emergent and follow up angiography 11 months after the initial angiography repeatedly. Patients with type 1 DM, an inflammatory disease, or CKD stage G4 and G5 were excluded. RP was defined as a ≥10% diameter reduction in a preexisting stenosis of ≥50%, a ≥30% diameter reduction in a stenosis of &lt;50%, development of a new stenosis of ≥30% in a previously normal segment, or progression of any stenosis to total occlusion. Patients were classified into 2 groups according to the presence (progressor, n = 21) or absence (non-progressor, n = 86) of RP. 4 cases out 110 patients had ACS during their follow up (Figure).All patients were equipped with a CGMS during the stable phase, and mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) levels were calculated as a marker of GV. Results: The mean value of MAGE was significantly higher in progressor than in non-progressor (52 ± 19 mg/dL vs. 40 ± 21 mg/dL, P = 0.02). (Table) Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the value of MAGE was an independent predictor of RP (odds ratio, 1.06 per 1 mg/dL; P &lt;0.01). Conclusions: In prediction of RP, the value of MAGE was superior to that of HbA1c. The value of MAGE early after the onset of ACS is a predictor of RP of non-culprit lesions.
Thyroid Function and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Jason D. Roberts
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Retraction notice to:"Verification of cell viability in bioengineered tissues and organs before clinical transplantation " [BIOMATERIALS (2013) 4057-4067]
Authors: Philipp Jungebluth, Johannes C. Haag, Mei L. Lim, Greg Lemon, Sebastian Sjöqvist, Ylva Gustafsson, Fatemeh Ajalloueian, Irina Gilevich, Oscar E. Simonson, Karl H. Grinnemo, Matthias Corbascio, Silvia Baiguera, Costantino Del Gaudio, Staffan Strömblad, Paolo Macchiarini
Journal: Biomaterials (2019)
Abstract MP33: Association Between Twenty-year Trajectories of Physical Activity From Midlife to Old Age and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A 20-Year Cohort Study of British Men
Authors: Daniel Aggio, Efstathios Papachristou, Olia Papacosta, Lucy T Lennon, Sarah Ash, Peter H Whincup, Goya S Wannamethee, Barbara Jefferis
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Maintenance of physical activity during later life is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease; however, how long-term trajectories of physical activity into old age are associated with established and novel cardiovascular disease risk factors remains unclear. This study examined the association between 20-year physical activity trajectories and a wide range of cardiovascular disease biomarkers in early old age. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that persistent long-term physical activity from midlife to old age is associated with the lowest levels of cardiovascular disease risk factors in old age. Methods: 7735 men (mean baseline age 50.2 ± 5.8 years) recruited in 1978-80 were followed up after 12, 16 and 20 years, reporting habitual physical activity levels at each wave. At the 20-year follow up, surviving men also attended a physical examination and provided a fasting blood sample. Initially, group-based trajectory modelling was used to identify the trajectories of physical activity. Then regression analyses were used to examine the association between trajectory group membership and a number of cardiometabolic, cardiac and inflammatory markers. Analyses were adjusted for a range of sociodemographic, health and lifestyle factors and use of blood pressure-lowering and antihypertensive drugs. Results: A total of 3228 men providing physical activity data at ≥3 time points with cardiovascular biomarker data were included in the analysis. Three distinct 20-year trajectories were identified: low decreasing (20.1%), light stable (52.7%) and moderate increasing (27.2%). In comparison to the low decreasing group, membership of the light stable and moderate increasing physical activity trajectory groups was associated with a more favourable cardiometabolic profile, including lower HbA1C and insulin; lower levels of inflammation, including lower levels of interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein; and lower levels of the cardiac marker high-sensitivity troponin T. The magnitude of the associations was similar for the light stable and moderate increasing groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, twenty-year trajectories of physical activity from midlife to old age were associated with established and novel cardiovascular disease risk factors. Effect sizes were similar for members following a light stable and a moderate increasing physical activity trajectory, suggesting that even relatively light but persistent physical activity into old age can be a determinant of lower cardiovascular disease risk.
Inhibition of Interleukin‐1β Signaling by Anakinra Demonstrates a Critical Role of Bone Loss in Experimental Arthritogenic Alphavirus Infections
Authors: Stefan Wolf, Adam Taylor, Ali Zaid, Joseph Freitas, Lara J. Herrero, Shambhavi Rao, Andreas Suhrbier, Mark R. Forwood, Richard Bucala, Suresh Mahalingam
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2019)

Arthritogenic alphaviruses, such as Ross River virus (RRV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), particularly affect joints of the extremities and can lead to debilitating and potentially chronic polyarthritis/polyarthralgia. The innate immune response of the host plays a crucial role in inducing proinflammatory host factors, leading to tissue destruction and bone loss in the joints. This study was performed to assess how the inhibition of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) signaling using the clinical rheumatoid arthritis drug anakinra influences bone loss in mice with arthritogenic alphavirus infections.Mice (n = 5 per group) were infected with RRV or CHIKV and then treated with anakinra. Weight gain and disease severity were measured, tissue viral titers were determined, and histologic changes in joint tissues were assessed.Anakinra therapy reduced RRV- and CHIKV-induced bone loss in this murine model (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). Histologic analysis of the knee joint showed that treatment with anakinra decreased epiphyseal growth plate thinning, loss of epiphyseal bone volume, and osteoclastogenesis in the tibia. Importantly, pharmacologic IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) blockade did not improve other clinical features, including disease score, weight loss, or viremia.The present findings suggest that anakinra therapy may reduce bone loss in experimental murine models of RRV and CHIKV. Further investigations are needed to assess the potential therapeutic benefits of anakinra in patients with arthritogenic alphavirus disease.
Highly sensitive determination of PIK3CA exon 9 and 20 hotspot mutations in breast tumors.
Authors: Alexandre Harle, Nicolas Lozano, Cyrielle Nicolaizeau, Maeva Lion, Marie Husson, Marie Rouyer, Carole Ramacci, Pascal Genin, Jean-Louis Merlin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

TPS10634 Background: Hotspot mutations in exons 9 (E542K and E545K) and 20 (H1047L and H1047R) of PIK3CA gene encoding for the p110α catalytic subunit of Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) are found in approximately 25% of breast carcinomas. PIK3CA mutations cause the overactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and lead to resistance to anti-HER2 targeted therapies in breast cancers, are involved in response to anti-mTOR agents and are proposed as molecular diagnosis marker for PI3K inhibitors. A highly sensitive method is required to detect PIK3CA mutations in paraffin-embedded tumor tissues. Methods: We developed a real-time PCR assay using allele-specific scorpion primers and amplification refractory mutation system (PCR-ARMS) to detect hotspot mutations in exons 9 (E542K and E545K) and 20 (H1047L and H1047R) of PIK3CA of PI3K. Results: PIK3CA mutations were analyzed in 102 paraffin embedded breast tumors (88 invasive ductal carcinomas and 14 lobular ductal carcinomas). All specimens were validated by pathologist examination and processed for DNA extraction and PCR. PIK3CA exon 9 and 20 mutations were found in 22.5% of the specimens, 39.1% in exon 9 (26.1% for E542K, 13.0% for E545K) and 60.9% in exon 20 (17.4% for H1047L and 43.5% for H1047R). These results were comparable to the literature data (χ²=0.327 ; p&lt;0.05). PCR ARMS was found to be highly sensitive, able to detect 0.5 % mutated DNA. Conclusion: PCR ARMS assay is highly sensitive for PIK3CA exon 9 and exon 20 hotspot mutations analysis in breast carcinomas as molecular marker for anti-HER2 and PI3K inhibitors response prediction.