tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing to Dissect the Immunological Network of Autoimmune Myocarditis
Authors: Xiumeng Hua, Gang Hu, Qingtao Hu, Yuan Chang, Yiqing Hu, Linlin Gao, Xiao Chen, Ping-Chang Yang, Yu Zhang, Mingyao Li, Jiangping Song
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Myocarditis can develop into dilated cardiomyopathy, which may require heart transplantation. The immunological network of myocarditis phases remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the immunological network during the transition from myocarditis to cardiomyopathy and to identify the genes contributing to the inflammatory response to myocarditis. Methods: Mice were treated with myosin heavy chain-α peptides to generate an experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) model. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of Cd45 + cells extracted from mouse hearts during different EAM phases, including normal control, acute inflammatory, subacute inflammatory, and myopathy phases. Human heart tissues were collected from the surgically removed hearts of patients who had undergone heart transplantation. Results: We identified 26 cell subtypes among 34 665 cells. Macrophages constituted the main immune cell population at all disease phases (&gt;60%), and an inflammation-associated macrophage cluster was identified in which the expression of Hif1a -regulated genes was upregulated. The neutrophil population was increased after the induction of EAM, and neutrophils then released Il-1 to participate in the EAM process. T cells were observed at the highest percentage at the subacute inflammatory phase. T-helper 17 cells, in which the expression of Hif1a -regulated genes was upregulated, constituted the main T-cell population detected at the acute inflammatory phase, whereas regulatory T cells were the main T-cell population detected at the subacute inflammatory phase, and γδ T cells releasing Il-17 were the main T-cell population observed at the myopathy phase. Moreover, the Hif1a expression level correlated with the extent of inflammation. In addition, PX-478 could alleviate the inflammatory responses of the different EAM phases. Last, HIF1A was expressed at higher levels in patients with acute autoimmune myocarditis than in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and healthy control subjects. Conclusions: We present here a comprehensive single-cell landscape of the cardiac immune cells in different EAM phases. In addition, we elucidate the contribution of Hif1a to the inflammatory response through the regulation of immune cell activity, particularly of macrophage cluster 2 and T-helper 17 cells. Moreover, an Hif1a inhibitor alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration of the EAM model and may serve as a potential therapeutic target in the clinic.
Cardiac function and pulmonary hypertension in Central Asian highlanders at 3250 m
Authors: Mona Lichtblau, Stéphanie Saxer, Michael Furian, Laura Mayer, Patrick R. Bader, Philipp M. Scheiwiller, Maamed Mademilov, Ulan Sheraliev, Felix C. Tanner, Talant M. Sooronbaev, Konrad E. Bloch, Silvia Ulrich
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

The question addressed by the study Chronic exposure to hypoxia increases pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) in highlanders, but the criteria for diagnosis of high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH) are debated. We assessed cardiac function and PAP in highlanders at 3250 m and explored HAPH prevalence using different definitions. Patients and methods Central Asian highlanders free of overt cardiorespiratory disease, permanently living at 2500–3500 m compared to age-matched lowlanders living &lt;800 m. Participants underwent echocardiography close to their altitude of residence (at 3250 m versus 760 m). Results 173 participants (97 highlanders, 76 lowlanders), mean± sd age 49±9 years (49% females) completed the study. Results in lowlanders versus highlanders were systolic PAP (23±5 versus 30±10 mmHg), right ventricular fractional area change (42±6% versus 39±8%), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (2.1±0.3 versus 2.0±0.3 cm), right atrial volume index (20±6 versus 23±8 mL·m −2 ), left ventricular ejection fraction (62±4% versus 57±5%) and stroke volume (64±10 versus 57±11 mL); all between-group comparisons p&lt;0.05. Depending on criteria, HAPH prevalence varied between 6% and 35%. The answer to the question Chronic exposure to hypoxia in highlanders is associated with higher PAP and slight alterations in right and left heart function compared to lowlanders. The prevalence of HAPH in this large highlander cohort varies between 6% according to expert consensus definition of chronic high-altitude disease to 35% according to the most recent definition of pulmonary hypertension proposed for lowlanders.
Melanoma Risk in Patients Treated With Biologic Therapy for Common Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Shamarke Esse, Kayleigh J. Mason, Adele C. Green, Richard B. Warren
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2020)

Biologic therapies are widely prescribed immunomodulatory agents. There are concerns that compared with treatment with conventional systemic therapy, long-term biologic treatment for common immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, namely inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and psoriasis, may be associated with increased risk of melanoma.To examine whether biologic treatment of IBD, RA, or psoriasis is associated with an increased risk of melanoma compared with conventional systemic therapy.Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched for articles published from January 1, 1995, to February 7, 2019, for eligible studies.Randomized clinical trials, cohort studies, and nested case-control studies quantifying the risk of melanoma in biologic-treated patients with IBD, RA, and psoriasis compared with patients treated with conventional systemic therapy were included.Two reviewers independently extracted key study characteristics and outcomes. Study-specific risk estimates were pooled, and random- and fixed-effects model meta-analyses were conducted. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. The Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) reporting guidelines were followed.The pooled relative risk (pRR) of melanoma in biologic-treated patients with IBD, RA, and psoriasis compared with biologic-naive patients treated with conventional systemic therapy.Seven cohort studies comprising 34 029 biologic-treated patients and 135 370 biologic-naive patients treated with conventional systemic therapy were eligible for inclusion. Biologic treatment was positively associated with melanoma in patients with IBD (pRR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.60-2.40), RA (pRR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.83-1.74), or psoriasis (hazard ratio, 1.57; 95% CI, 0.61-4.09) compared with those who received conventional systemic therapy, but the differences were not statistically significant. Adjustment for other risk factors was absent from most studies.The findings suggest that clinically important increases in melanoma risk in patients treated with biologic therapy for common inflammatory diseases cannot be ruled out based on current evidence. However, further studies with large patient numbers that adjust for key risk factors are needed to resolve the issue of long-term safety of biologic therapy.
Diabetes Mellitus and Adiponectin Synthesis at Different Types of Adipose Tissue in Patients With Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: C Bakogiannis, C Antoniades, D Tousoulis, A S Antonopoulos, A Miliou, C Triantafyllou, C Psarros, R Choudhury, J Digby, I Kylintireas, G Ekonomopoulos, C Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Assessing the depth of language processing in patients with disorders of consciousness
Authors: Peng Gui, Yuwei Jiang, Di Zang, Zengxin Qi, Jiaxing Tan, Hiromi Tanigawa, Jian Jiang, Yunqing Wen, Long Xu, Jizong Zhao, Ying Mao, Mu-ming Poo, Nai Ding, Stanislas Dehaene, Xuehai Wu, Liping Wang
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2020)
The burden of disease in Saudi Arabia 1990–2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Authors: Stefanos Tyrovolas, Charbel El Bcheraoui, Suliman A Alghnam, Khalid F Alhabib, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad Almadi, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi, Neeraj Bedi, Maha El Tantawi, Varsha Sarah Krish, Ziad A Memish, Yousef Mohammad, Alex Molassiotis, Demosthenes Panagiotakos, Nasir Salam, Badr Hasan Sobaih, Ali H Mokdad
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2020)

BackgroundAvailability of data to assess the population health and provision and quality of health care in Saudi Arabia has been lacking. In 2010, Saudi Arabia began a major investment and transformation programme in the health-care sector. Here we assess the impact of this investment era on mortality, health loss, risk factors, and health-care services in the country.MethodsWe used results of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 to describe the levels and temporal patterns in deaths, health loss, risk factors, and health-care access and quality in the Saudi Arabian population during 1990–2010 (before the health-care investments and reform) and 2010–17 (during health-care investments and reform). We also compared patterns in health outcomes between these periods with those in the north Africa and the Middle East GBD region and the Gulf Cooperation Council countries.FindingsAge-standardised mortality in Saudi Arabia decreased from 1990 to 2010 (annualised rate of change of −0·58%), and this decrease was further accelerated from 2010 to 2017 (–2·20%). The north Africa and the Middle East GBD region also had decreases in mortality during these periods, but for 2010–17 the decrease was not as low as in Saudi Arabia (–1·29%). Transport injuries decreased from third ranked cause of disability-adjusted life-years in 2010 to fifth ranked cause in 2017 in Saudi Arabia, below cardiovascular diseases (ranked first) and musculoskeletal disorders (ranked second). Years lived with disability (YLDs) due to mental disorders, substance use disorders, neoplasms, and neurological disorders consistently increased over the periods 1990–2010 and 2010–17. Between 1990 and 2017, attributable YLDs due to metabolic, behavioural, and environmental or occupational risk factors remained almost unchanged in Saudi Arabia, with high body-mass index, high fasting plasma glucose concentration, and drug use increasing across all age groups. Health-care Access and Quality (HAQ) Index levels increased in Saudi Arabia during this period with similar patterns to the rest of the Gulf Cooperation Council countries and the north Africa and the Middle East GBD region.InterpretationDecreases in mortality continued at greater rates in Saudi Arabia during the period of 2010–17 than in 1990–2010. HAQ Index levels have also improved. Public health policy makers in Saudi Arabia need to increase efforts to address preventable risk factors that are major contributors to the burden of ill health and disability.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Prevalence and associated factors for carriage of Enterobacteriaceae producing ESBLs or carbapenemase and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Hong Kong community
Authors: Kin-On Kwok, Emily Chan, Pui-Hong Chung, Arthur Tang, Wan-In Wei, Chendi Zhu, Steven Riley, Margaret Ip
Journal: Journal of Infection (2020)
CERTAIN PHASES IN THE EVOLUTION OF MAN: Abstract of the Hunterian Lectures delivered before the Royal College of Surgeons in February and March, 1912
Authors: A. Keith
Journal: BMJ (1912)

that there was being forwarded to the museum of tlle College the remains of a human skeleton discovered beneath stratum of undisturbed chalky boulder clay at a sandpit belonging to Messrs. Bolton and Laughlin.'The skeleton lhad been exposed by the workmen on the vertical face of the pit, so that Mr. Moir and those with him were able to study closely its relationship to the overlying and underlying strata.The bones lay at the junction of two formations, weathered chalky boulder clay above and mid-glacial sands below.Between tlle human remains and the surface were 4 ft. of a formiiation belonging to the deepest layers of the clhalky boulder clay series.There could be no
Discovery and Verification of Extracellular miRNA Biomarkers for Non-invasive Prediction of Pre-eclampsia in Asymptomatic Women
Authors: Srimeenakshi Srinivasan, Ryan Treacy, Tiffany Herrero, Richelle Olsen, Trevor R. Leonardo, Xuan Zhang, Peter DeHoff, Cuong To, Lara G. Poling, Aileen Fernando, Sandra Leon-Garcia, Katharine Knepper, Vy Tran, Morgan Meads, Jennifer Tasarz, Aishwarya Vuppala, Soojin Park, Clara D. Laurent, Tony Bui, Pike See Cheah, Rachael Tabitha Overcash, Gladys A. Ramos, Hilary Roeder, Ionita Ghiran, Mana Parast, Xandra O. Breakefield, Amir J. Lueth, Sharon R. Rust, Max T. Dufford, Angela C. Fox, Durlin E. Hickok, Julja Burchard, J. Jay Boniface, Louise C. Laurent, Kim A. Boggess, George R. Saade, Scott A. Sullivan, Glenn R. Markenson, Jay D. Iams, Dean V. Coonrod, Leonardo M. Pereira, M. Sean Esplin, Larry M. Cousins, Garrett K. Lam, Matthew K. Hoffman
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2020)

Development of effective prevention and treatment strategies for pre-eclampsia is limited by the lack of accurate methods for identification of at-risk pregnancies. We performed small RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of maternal serum extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) to discover and verify microRNAs (miRNAs) differentially expressed in patients who later developed pre-eclampsia. Sera collected from 73 pre-eclampsia cases and 139 controls between 17 and 28 weeks gestational age (GA), divided into separate discovery and verification cohorts, are analyzed by small RNA-seq. Discovery and verification of univariate and bivariate miRNA biomarkers reveal that bivariate biomarkers verify at a markedly higher rate than univariate biomarkers. The majority of verified biomarkers contain miR-155-5p, which has been reported to mediate the pre-eclampsia-associated repression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Deconvolution analysis reveals that several verified miRNA biomarkers come from the placenta and are likely carried by placenta-specific extracellular vesicles.
Use of Administrative Claims to Assess Outcomes and Treatment Effect in Randomized Clinical Trials for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Jordan B. Strom, Kamil F. Faridi, Neel M. Butala, Yuansong Zhao, Hector Tamez, Linda R. Valsdottir, J. Matthew Brennan, Changyu Shen, Jeffrey J. Popma, Dhruv S. Kazi, Robert W. Yeh
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Whether passively collected data can substitute for adjudicated outcomes to reproduce the magnitude and direction of treatment effect observed in cardiovascular clinical trials is not well known.We linked adults ≥65 years of age in the HiR (US CoreValve Pivotal High Risk) and SURTAVI trials (Surgical or Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Intermediate-Risk Patients) to 100% Medicare inpatient claims, January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2016. Primary (eg, death and stroke) and secondary trial end points were compared across treatment arms (eg, transcatheter aortic valve replacement [TAVR] versus surgical aortic valve replacement [SAVR]) using trial-adjudicated outcomes versus outcomes derived from claims at 1 year (HiR) or 2 years (SURTAVI).Among 600 linked HiR participants (linkage rate, 80.0%), the rate of the trial's primary end point of all-cause mortality occurred in 13.7% of patients receiving TAVR and 16.4% of patients receiving SAVR at 1 year by using both trial data (hazard ratio, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.65-1.09]; P=0.33) and claims data (hazard ratio, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.66-1.11]; P=0.34; interaction P value=0.80). Noninferiority of TAVR relative to SAVR was seen by using both trial- and claims-based outcomes (Pnoninferiority<0.001 for both). Among 1005 linked SURTAVI trial participants (linkage rate, 60.5%), the trial's primary end point was 12.9% for TAVR and 13.1% for SAVR using trial data (hazard ratio, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.79-1.48]; P=0.90), and 11.3% for TAVR and 12.5% for SAVR patients using claims data (hazard ratio, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.73-1.41]; P=0.58; interaction P value=0.89). TAVR was noninferior to SAVR when compared using both trial and claims (Pnoninferiority<0.001 for both). Rates of procedural secondary outcomes (eg, aortic valve reintervention, pacemaker rates) were more closely concordant between trial and claims data than nonprocedural outcomes (eg, stroke, bleeding, cardiogenic shock).In the HiR and SURTAVI trials, ascertainment of trial primary end points using claims reproduced both the magnitude and direction of treatment effect in comparison with adjudicated event data, but nonfatal and nonprocedural secondary outcomes were not as well reproduced. Use of claims to substitute for adjudicated outcomes in traditional trial treatment comparisons may be valid and feasible for all-cause mortality and certain procedural outcomes but may be less suitable for other end points.
28P Europe-side external quality assessment (EQA) of RNA based testing of ER, PR, HER2 and Ki67 in invasive breast cancer
Authors: R. Erber, A. Hartmann, P. Fasching, R. Stöhr, M.W. Beckmann, M. Zentgraf, M. Ruebner, H. Huebner, J. Fischer, E. Guerini Rocco, G. Viale, A. Cayre, F. Penault-Llorca, T. Caniego Casa, J. Palacios Calvo, P. Jank, C. Denkert, L. Khoury, T. Mairinger, F. Ferrazzi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Abstract 10643: A Randomised Controlled Trial of Dapagliflozin on Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients With Type Two Diabetes. The DAPA-LVH Trial
Authors: Alex Brown, Stephen Gandy, Rory McCrimmon, Allan Struthers, Chim C Lang
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Patients with diabetes have a two to fourfold increased risk for development of and death from cardiovascular disease. Sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT)2 inhibitors have been shown ...
Transforming a toxic drug into an efficacious nanomedicine using a lipoprodrug strategy for the treatment of patient-derived melanoma xenografts
Authors: Linlin Shi, Yuchen Wang, Qinchuan Wang, Zhinong Jiang, Lulu Ren, Yepiao Yan, Zhaoxue Liu, Jianqin Wan, Lingling Huang, Beini Cen, Weidong Han, Hangxiang Wang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2020)
Home Administration of Allergen Extracts
Authors: T N Helm
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 10109: Chronic Beta Blocker Use in Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Jaya Kanduri, Inbar Raber, Sebastian Beyer, Isabel Balachandran, Cara Wiest, Tyler Mehegan, Andrew Locke, Anuradha Godishala, Kevin Soriano, Andrew Dicks, Kelsey Sack, Abby Pribish, Mason Marcus, Brett Carroll
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Pulmonary embolism (PE) can induce right ventricular strain resulting in a compensatory tachycardia. Beta-blockers reduce heart rate (HR) and are negative inotropes. There is minimal ...
Cross-reactivity between vancomycin, teicoplanin, and telavancin in patients with HLA-A∗32:01–positive vancomycin-induced DRESS sharing an HLA class II haplotype
Authors: Nontaya Nakkam, Andrew Gibson, Effie Mouhtouris, Katherine C. Konvinse, Natasha E. Holmes, Kyra Y. Chua, Pooja Deshpande, Danmeng Li, David A. Ostrov, Jason Trubiano, Elizabeth J. Phillips
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2020)
Tendon Transfers in Ulnar-Nerve Injuries
Authors: Armand D. Versaci
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

ULNAR-nerve severance destroys the innervation to the bulk of the intrinsic muscles of the hand, robbing it of its ability to perform the refined motions so necessary to the artisan and skilled worker. The importance of the injury is frequently minimized because the basic attributes of the hand, the abilities to grasp and feel, are not affected by the nerve severance. However, through the loss of the ability to perform the quick, deft motions imparted to the hand by the muscles intrinsic to it, the hand loses its function as an organ of expression. This is of the utmost importance . . .
Prone Position and Lung Ventilation and Perfusion Matching in Acute Respiratory Failure due to COVID-19
Authors: Francesco Zarantonello, Giulio Andreatta, Nicolò Sella, Paolo Navalesi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)

ventral areas.However, the global inhomogeneity index (3) decreased for both ventilation and perfusion, overall increasing ventilation and perfusion matching in the lung, which may help explain the observed improvement in oxygenation with prone positioning in patients with acute respiratory failure secondary to SARS-CoV-2.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Test Results After Clinical Recovery and Hospital Discharge Among Patients in China
Authors: Jinru Wu, Xinyi Liu, Jianjun Liu, Han Liao, Sixuan Long, Ning Zhou, Pa Wu
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

This cross-sectional study used reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction tests to assess potential viral shedding among patients who previously had been diagnosed with and had clinically recovered from coronavirus disease 2019.
Peter Khin Tun
Authors: Will Tun
Journal: BMJ (2020)

My father, Peter Khin Tun, who has died aged 62 from covid-19, travelled in 1994 from his native Burma (now Myanmar) to Britain to work as a doctor in the NHS. His career took him into the training of doctors, and eventually earned him the role of associate postgraduate dean (2012-16) at Oxford Deanery training centre, which prepares medical graduates for their first NHS jobs.

Much loved by his colleagues, he had expertise in a wide range of areas, from diseases related to stroke, brain and spinal …
Abstract 10348: Mice Lacking Phospholipase A2 Receptor are Susceptible to Cardiac Rupture After Myocardial Infarction through the Impaired Healing of the Infarct Region due to Myofibroblasts Dysfunction
Authors: Hideto Mishina, Shun Tamaru, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Daisuke Fujioka, Soichiro Takahashi, Koji Suzuki, Takamitsu Nakamura, Jun-ei Obata, Kenichi Kawabata, Yasunori Yokota, Kohji Hanasaki, Kiyotaka Kugiyama
Journal: Circulation (2013)

It has long been believed that bioactive lipid mediators generated via the enzymatic activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) might play a role in myocardial injury after myocardial infarction (MI). Rec...