tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular Signatures of Placentation and Secretion Uncovered in Poeciliopsis Maternal Follicles
Authors: Michael W Guernsey, Henri van Kruistum, David N Reznick, Bart J A Pollux, Julie C Baker
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2020)

Abstract Placentation evolved many times independently in vertebrates. Although the core functions of all placentas are similar, we know less about how this similarity extends to the molecular level. Here, we study Poeciliopsis, a unique genus of live-bearing fish that have independently evolved complex placental structures at least three times. The maternal follicle is a key component of these structures. It envelops yolk-rich eggs and is morphologically simple in lecithotrophic species but has elaborate villous structures in matrotrophic species. Through sequencing, the follicle transcriptome of a matrotrophic, Poeciliopsis retropinna, and lecithotrophic, P. turrubarensis, species we found genes known to be critical for placenta function expressed in both species despite their difference in complexity. Additionally, when we compare the transcriptome of different river populations of P. retropinna, known to vary in maternal provisioning, we find differential expression of secretory genes expressed specifically in the top layer of villi cells in the maternal follicle. This provides some of the first evidence that the placental structures of Poeciliopsis function using a secretory mechanism rather than direct contact with maternal circulation. Finally, when we look at the expression of placenta proteins at the maternal–fetal interface of a larger sampling of Poeciliopsis species, we find expression of key maternal and fetal placenta proteins in their cognate tissue types of all species, but follicle expression of prolactin is restricted to only matrotrophic species. Taken together, we suggest that all Poeciliopsis follicles are poised for placenta function but require expression of key genes to form secretory villi.
Estimating Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection Risk in Health Care Workers
Authors: Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng, Shuk-Ching Wong, Kwok-Yung Yuen
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Xiaoquan Lai, MD; Minghuan Wang, MD, PhD; Chuan Qin, MD, PhD; Li Tan, MD, PhD; Lusen Ran, MD; Daiqi Chen, BM; Han Zhang, MD, PhD; Ke Shang, MD, PhD; Chen Xia, MS; Shaokang Wang, MS; Shabei Xu, MD, PhD; Wei Wang, MD, PhD
Long noncoding RNA ZFAS1 promoting small nucleolar RNA-mediated 2′-O-methylation via NOP58 recruitment in colorectal cancer
Authors: Huizhe Wu, Wenyan Qin, Senxu Lu, Xiufang Wang, Jing Zhang, Tong Sun, Xiaoyun Hu, Yalun Li, Qiuchen Chen, Yuanhe Wang, Haishan Zhao, Haiyan Piao, Rui Zhang, Minjie Wei
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2020)

Abstract Background Increasing evidence supports the role of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as master gene regulators at the epigenetic modification level. However, the underlying mechanism of these functional ncRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been well investigated. Methods The dysregulated expression profiling of lncRNAs-snoRNAs-mRNAs and their correlations and co-expression enrichment were assessed by GeneChip microarray analysis. The candidate lncRNAs, snoRNAs, and target genes were detected by in situ hybridization (ISH), RT-PCR, qPCR and immunofluorescence (IF) assays. The biological functions of these factors were investigated using in vitro and in vivo studies that included CCK8, trans-well, cell apoptosis, IF assay, western blot method, and the xenograft mice models. rRNA 2′-O-methylation (Me) activities were determined by the RTL-P assay and a novel double-stranded primer based on the single-stranded toehold (DPBST) assay. The underlying molecular mechanisms were explored by bioinformatics and RNA stability, RNA fluorescence ISH, RNA pull-down and translation inhibition assays. Results To demonstrate the involvement of lncRNA and snoRNAs in 2′-O-Me modification during tumorigenesis, we uncovered a previously unreported mechanism linking the snoRNPs NOP58 regulated by ZFAS1 in control of SNORD12C, SNORD78 mediated rRNA 2′-O-Me activities in CRC initiation and development. Specifically, ZFAS1 exerts its oncogenic functions and significantly up-regulated accompanied by elevated NOP58, SNORD12C/78 expression in CRC cells and tissues. ZFAS1 knockdown suppressed CRC cell proliferation, migration, and increased cell apoptosis, and this inhibitory effect could be reversed by NOP58 overexpression in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the NOP58 protein could be recognized by the specific motif (AAGA or CAGA) of ZFAS1. This event accelerates the assembly of SNORD12C/78 to allow for further guiding of 2′-O-Me at the corresponding Gm3878 and Gm4593 sites. Importantly, silencing SNORD12C or 78 reduced the rRNAs 2′-O-Me activities, which could be rescued by overexpression ZFAS1, and this subsequently inhibits the RNA stability and translation activity of their downstream targets (e.g., EIF4A3 and LAMC2). Conclusion The novel ZFAS1-NOP58-SNORD12C/78-EIF4A3/LAMC2 signaling axis that functions in CRC tumorigenesis provides a better understanding regarding the role of lncRNA-snoRNP-mediated rRNAs 2′-O-Me activities for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
Survival with Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
Authors: Thomas A. Medsger, Alfonse T. Masi, Gerald P. Rodnan, Thomas G. Benedek, Harry Robinson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Abstract A life-table analysis of survivorship with scleroderma was done, using 223 patients diagnosed in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and 86 patients in Memphis, Tennessee. The demographic and clinic...
Minocycline and celecoxib as adjunctive treatments for bipolar depression: a multicentre, factorial design randomised controlled trial
Authors: Muhammad Ishrat Husain, Imran B Chaudhry, Ameer B Khoso, Muhammad Omair Husain, John Hodsoll, Moin A Ansari, Haider A Naqvi, Fareed A Minhas, Andre F Carvalho, Jeffrey H Meyer, Bill Deakin, Benoit H Mulsant, Nusrat Husain, Allan H Young
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2020)
Renal Transplantation in Children
Authors: Paul T. McEnery, Donald M. Stablein, Gerald Arbus, Amir Tejani
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Previous studies of renal transplantation in children have focused on the survival of grafts and patients. Little information is available about the cause of renal disease, the sources of donated organs, or children's growth after transplantation. The North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study was organized to identify the diseases that require transplantation and to analyze factors that affect the success of transplantation in children.
Day-to-day variability of forced oscillatory mechanics for early detection of acute exacerbations in COPD
Authors: Sabine C. Zimmermann, Jacqueline Huvanandana, Chinh D. Nguyen, Amy Bertolin, Joanna C. Watts, Alessandro Gobbi, Claude S. Farah, Matthew J. Peters, Raffaele L. Dellacà, Gregory G. King, Cindy Thamrin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Background Telemonitoring trials for early detection of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) have provided mixed results. Day-to-day variations in lung function measured by the forced oscillation technique (FOT) may yield greater insight. We evaluated the clinical utility of home telemonitoring of variability in FOT measures in terms of 1) the relationship with symptoms and quality of life (QoL); and 2) the timing of variability of FOT measures and symptom changes prior to AECOPD. Methods Daily FOT parameters at 5 Hz (resistance (R) and reactance (X); Resmon Pro Diary, Restech Srl, Milan, Italy), daily symptoms (COPD Assessment Test (CAT)) and 4-weekly QoL data (St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ)) were recorded over 8–9 months from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Variability of R and X was calculated as the standard deviation ( sd ) over 7-day running windows and we also examined the effect of varying window size. The relationship of FOT versus CAT and SGRQ was assessed using linear mixed modelling, daily changes in FOT variability and CAT prior to AECOPD using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results Fifteen participants with a mean± sd age of 69±10 years and a % predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) of 39±10% had a median (interquartile range (IQR)) adherence of 95.4% (79.0–98.8%). Variability of the inspiratory component of X (indicated by the standard deviation of inspiratory reactance (SDX insp )) related to CAT and weakly to SGRQ (fixed effect estimates 1.57, 95% CI 0.65–2.49 (p=0.001) and 4.41, 95% CI −0.06 to 8.89 (p=0.05), respectively). SDX insp changed significantly on the same day as CAT (1 day before AECOPD, both p=0.02) and earlier when using shorter running windows (3 days before AECOPD, p=0.01; accuracy=0.72 for 5-day windows). Conclusions SDX insp from FOT telemonitoring reflects COPD symptoms and may be a sensitive biomarker for early detection of AECOPD.
Abstract 18098: Fragmented QRS as a Marker for Left Ventricular Remodeling
Authors: Yudai Tamura, Tetsuo Konno, Yoshihiro Tanaka, Shohei Yoshida, Kenji Sakata, Kenshi Hayashi, Masaaki Kawashiri, Masakazu Yamagishi
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Fragmented QRS (fQRS) has been recognized as a predictor of cardiac prognosis in various cardiovascular diseases. It is thought that fQRS reflects conduction delay due to myocardial f...
Taste-related reward is associated with weight loss following bariatric surgery
Authors: Kimberly R. Smith, Afroditi Papantoni, Maria G. Veldhuizen, Vidyulata Kamath, Civonnia Harris, Timothy H. Moran, Susan Carnell, Kimberley E. Steele
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

BACKGROUND. Bariatric surgeries are the most effective treatments for successful and sustained weight loss, but individuals vary in treatment response. Understanding the neurobiological and behavioral mechanisms accounting for this variation could lead to the development of personalized therapeutic approaches and improve treatment outcomes. The primary objectives of this study were to investigate changes in taste preferences and taste-induced brain responses after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) and to identify potential taste-related predictors of weight loss.
Abstract 13622: Impact of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes and Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Rocio Salsoso, Paulo Genestreti, André Franci, Talia Dalcoquio, Carlos A Nakashima, Marco Scanavini, Aline G Ferrari, Remo H Furtado, Felipe G Lima, Roberto R Giraldez, Luciano Baracioli, Jose C Nicolau
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) plays a critical role in secondary prevention after acute coronary syndrome (ACS), but some patients show suboptimal inhibition of platelet aggregabil...
Treatment of Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in Patients with AIDS
Authors: Brian Dannemann, J. Allen McCutchan, Dennis Israelski, Diane Antoniskis, Catherine Leport, Benjamin Luft, Joseph Nussbaum, Nathan Clumeck, Philippe Morlat, Joseph Chiu, Jean-Louis Vilde, Manuel Orellana, David Feigal, Angie Bartok, Peter Heseltine, John Leedom, Jack Remington
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Abstract ▪Objective:To compare pyrimethamine plus clindamycin (PC) to pyrimethamine plus sulfadiazine (PS) as a treatment for toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) in patients with the acquired immunodefic...
Abstract 16114: Screening Echocardiography With Remote Reading by Telemedicine as a Risk Stratification Tool in Primary Care: Data From the PROVAR+ Study
Authors: Bruno R Nascimento, Adriana C Diamantino, Maria Do Carmo P Nunes, Craig A Sable, Kaciane Oliveira, Lara Rabelo, Marcia Barbosa, Alison T Reese, Clara Fraga, Waydder Costa, Breno Rezende, Joao Pedro Rios, Susana Reis, Andrea Z Beaton, Antonio L Ribeiro
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Screening echocardiography (echo) may be a tool for early diagnosis and rationalization of referrals in primary care (PC), organizing waiting lines. We aimed to evaluate the role of s...
Abstract 14157: PPARa/NFkB Heterodimer Mediates High Fat Diet Induced Diastolic Heart Failure Through Interleukin-6 Production
Authors: Shinichi Oka, Peiyong Zhai, Wataru Mizushima, Junichi Sadoshima
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Obesity is a risk factor for diastolic heart failure, which is often accompanied by a low grade and chronic inflammation. The obesity-induced inflammatory response may mediate the development of di...
Flexible insulin therapy with a hybrid regimen of insulin degludec and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion with pump suspension before exercise in physically active adults with type 1 diabetes (FIT Untethered): a single-centre, open-label, proof-of-concept, randomised crossover trial
Authors: Ronnie Aronson, Aihua Li, Ruth E Brown, Sarah McGaugh, Michael C Riddell
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2020)
148P Surgery (Sx) of the primary tumour in de novo metastatic breast cancer (BC) patients (pts) is associated with increased survival: A nationwide population-based study by the Belgian Cancer Registry (BCR) and the Belgian Society of Medical Oncology (BSMO)
Authors: M.D.R.A. Brandão, C. de Angelis, P. Vuylsteke, R.D. Gelber, N. Van Damme, E. Van Eycken, J. Verbeeck, L. van Walle, C. Colpaert, M. Lambertini, F. Poggio, D. Verhoeven, A. Barbeaux, F.P. Duhoux, K. Punie, H. Wildiers, C. Caballero, A.H. Awada, M. Piccart, E. de Azambuja
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Fully weekly antituberculosis regimen: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Fatma Kort, Laure Fournier Le Ray, Aurélie Chauffour, Vincent Jarlier, Nacer Lounis, Koen Andries, Alexandra Aubry, Lorenzo Guglielmetti, Nicolas Veziris
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Background The World Health Organization recommends supervising the treatment of tuberculosis. Intermittent regimens have the potential to simplify the supervision and improve compliance. Our objective was to analyse the sterilising activity of once-weekly regimens based on drugs with a long half-life, bedaquiline and rifapentine, in a murine model of tuberculosis. Methods 300 Swiss mice were infected intravenously infected with ×10 −6 CFU Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Mice were treated once weekly with regimens containing: 1) bedaquiline, rifapentine and pyrazinamide (BPZ); 2) BPZ plus moxifloxacin (BPZM); 3) BPZM plus clofazimine (BPZMC); 4) the standard daily regimen of tuberculosis. All regimens were given for 4 or 6 months. Bactericidal and sterilising activity were assessed. Results After 2 months of treatment, the mean count in lungs was 0.76±0.60 log 10 CFU in mice treated with the daily control regimen and negative in all mice treated with once-weekly regimens (p&lt;0.05 compared to the daily control). All mice had negative lung cultures on completion of either 4 or 6 months of treatment, whereas 3 months after 4 and 6 months of treatment, respectively, the relapse rate was 64% and 13% in the standard daily regimen, 5% and 0% in BPZ, 0% and 0% in BPMZ and 0% and 5% in BPMZC (p&lt;0.05 for all once-weekly regimens versus 4-month daily control; p&gt;0.05 for all once-weekly regimens versus 6-month daily control). Conclusions BPZ-based once-weekly regimens have higher sterilising activity than the standard daily regimen and could greatly simplify treatment administration and possibly shorten the duration of tuberculosis treatment.
Targeted delivery of chlorogenic acid by mannosylated liposomes to effectively promote the polarization of TAMs for the treatment of glioblastoma
Authors: Jun Ye, Yanfang Yang, Jing Jin, Ming Ji, Yue Gao, Yu Feng, Hongliang Wang, Xiaoguang Chen, Yuling Liu
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2020)

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) generally display an immunosuppressive M2 phenotype and promote tumor progression and metastasis, suggesting their potential value as a target in cancer immunotherapy. Chlorogenic acid (CHA) has been identified as a potent immunomodulator that promotes the polarization of TAMs from an M2 to an M1 phenotype. However, rapid clearance in vivo and low tumor accumulation have compromised the immunotherapeutic efficacy of CHA in clinical trials. In this study, mannosylated liposomes are developed for targeted delivery of CHA to TAMs. The immunoregulatory effects of CHA, along with the overall antitumor efficacy of CHA-encapsulated mannosylated liposomes, are investigated through in vitro and in vivo experiments. The prepared CHA-encapsulated mannosylated liposomes exhibit an ideal particle size, favorable stability, and preferential accumulation in tumors via the mannose receptor-mediated TAMs-targeting effects. Further, CHA-encapsulated mannosylated liposomes inhibit G422 glioma tumor growth by efficiently promoting the polarization of the pro-tumorigenic M2 phenotype to the anti-tumorigenic M1 phenotype. Overall, these findings indicate that CHA-encapsulated mannosylated liposomes have great potential to enhance the immunotherapeutic efficacy of CHA by inducing a shift from the M2 to the M1 phenotype.
PREVENTION OF TRANSFUSION COMPLICATIONS
Authors: M L JANOWER
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Deficiency of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 leads to neural hyperexcitability and aggravates cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Xiaoling Chen, Jingliang Zhang, Yan Song, Pan Yang, Yang Yang, Zhuo Huang, Kewei Wang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2020)

Systematic administration of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 4 (IL-4) has been shown to improve recovery after cerebral ischemic stroke. However, whether IL-4 affects neuronal excitability and how IL-4 improves ischemic injury remain largely unknown. Here we report the neuroprotective role of endogenous IL-4 in focal cerebral ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. In multi-electrode array (MEA) recordings, IL-4 reduces spontaneous firings and network activities of mouse primary cortical neurons. IL-4 mRNA and protein expressions are upregulated after I/R injury. Genetic deletion of Il-4 gene aggravates I/R injury in vivo and exacerbates oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) injury in cortical neurons. Conversely, supplemental IL-4 protects Il-4−/− cortical neurons against OGD injury. Mechanistically, cortical pyramidal and stellate neurons common for ischemic penumbra after I/R injury exhibit intrinsic hyperexcitability and enhanced excitatory synaptic transmissions in Il-4−/− mice. Furthermore, upregulation of Nav1.1 channel, and downregulations of KCa3.1 channel and α6 subunit of GABAA receptors are detected in the cortical tissues and primary cortical neurons from Il-4−/− mice. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that IL-4 deficiency results in neural hyperexcitability and aggravates I/R injury, thus activation of IL-4 signaling may protect the brain against the development of permanent damage and help recover from ischemic injury after stroke.
Selective inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3α corrects pathophysiology in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome
Authors: Patrick K. McCamphill, Laura J. Stoppel, Rebecca K. Senter, Michael C. Lewis, Arnold J. Heynen, David C. Stoppel, Vinay Sridhar, Katie A. Collins, Xi Shi, Jen Q. Pan, Jon Madison, Jeffrey R. Cottrell, Kimberly M. Huber, Edward M. Scolnick, Edward B. Holson, Florence F. Wagner, Mark F. Bear
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2020)

Selective inhibition of GSK3α corrects diverse impairments in the Fmr1 −/y mouse model of fragile X syndrome.
COVID-19 and lung cancer: risks, mechanisms and treatment interactions
Authors: Alfredo Addeo, Michel Obeid, Alex Friedlaender
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Cases of the 2019 novel coronavirus also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continue to rise worldwide. To date, there is no effective treatment. Clinical management is largely symptomatic, with organ support in intensive care for critically ill patients. The first phase I trial to test the efficacy of a vaccine has recently begun, but in the meantime there is an urgent need to decrease the morbidity and mortality of severe cases. It is known that patients with cancer are more susceptible to infection than individuals without cancer because of their systemic immunosuppressive state caused by the malignancy and anticancer treatments. Therefore, these patients might be at increased risk of pulmonary complications from COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 could in some case induce excessive and aberrant non-effective host immune responses that are associated with potentially fatal severe lung injury and patients can develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Cytokine release syndrome and viral ARDS result from uncontrolled severe acute inflammation. Acute lung injury results from inflammatory monocyte and macrophage activation in the pulmonary luminal epithelium which lead to a release of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α. These cytokines play a crucial role in immune-related pneumonitis, and could represent a promising target when the infiltration is T cell predominant or there are indirect signs of high IL-6-related inflammation, such as elevated C-reactive protein. A monoclonal anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, tocilizumab has been administered in a number of cases in China and Italy. Positive clinical and radiological outcomes have been reported. These early findings have led to an ongoing randomized controlled clinical trial in China and Italy. While data from those trials are eagerly awaited, patients' management will continue to rely for the vast majority on local guidelines. Among many other aspects, this crisis has proven that different specialists must join forces to deliver the best possible care to patients.