tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Predictive value of endoscopic esophageal findings for residual esophageal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Ruben D. van der Bogt, Berend J. van der Wilk, Suzan Nikkessen, Kausilia K. Krishnadath, Erik J. Schoon, Liekele E. Oostenbrug, Peter D. Siersema, Frank P. Vleggaar, Michael Doukas, J. Jan B. van Lanschot, Manon C. W. Spaander
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Abstract Background Endoscopic evaluation of the esophageal mucosa may play a role in an active surveillance strategy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for esophageal cancer. This study investigated the yield of endoscopic findings for detection of residual disease. Methods Patients from the multicenter preSANO cohort, who underwent nCRT followed by surgery for esophageal or junctional cancer, were included. Upper endoscopy was performed 6 and 12 weeks after nCRT. Patients with residual disease at 6 weeks underwent immediate surgery. Endoscopic records were reviewed for presence of stenosis, suspicion of residual tumor, scar tissue, and ulceration. Presence and type of endoscopic findings were compared with outcome of the resection specimen. Results 118 of 156 patients (76 %) had residual disease in the resection specimen. Endoscopic suspicion of residual tumor was significantly associated with presence of residual disease. At 6 weeks, 40/112 patients with residual disease and 4/33 patients with complete response had endoscopic suspicion of residual tumor (36 % vs. 12 %; P = 0.01), while this was reported in 16/73 and 0/28 patients, respectively, at 12 weeks (22 % vs. 0 %; P &lt; 0.01). Positive predictive value of endoscopic suspicion of residual tumor was 91 % at 6 weeks and 100 % at 12 weeks. Endoscopic findings of non-passable stenosis, passable stenosis, scar tissue, or ulceration were not associated with residual disease. Conclusions Endoscopic suspicion of residual tumor was the only endoscopic finding associated with residual disease. Based on its positive predictive value, this endoscopic finding may contribute to the diagnostic strategy used in active surveillance.
URINASTATIN VERSUS NAFAMOSTAT MESYLATE IN THE PREVENTION OF POST-ERCP PANCREATITIS
Authors: JW Lee, DH Kang, HW Kim, SB Park, SJ Kim, HS Nam
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Pancreatitis is a major complication of ERCP. Nafamostat mesylate (Futhan) and Urinastatin (Ulistin) are commonly used to prevent and treat pancreatitis in Korea. However, there is no comparative study to evaluate efficacy of these two drugs. The aim of our study is a comparison of the efficacy of Mesilate and Urinastatin for PEP prevention.
THE SOONER, THE BETTER: EARLY ENDOSCOPY IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER 30-DAY MORTALITY IN LOW-RISK NON-VARICEAL UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING PATIENTS
Authors: M Freitas, TC Gonçalves, C Marinho, J Cotter
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Although upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) management has improved substantially during the past decades, there is still much controversy regarding the optimal timing to perform endoscopy. Recent guidelines suggest performing early endoscopy within 24 hours of non-variceal UGIB (NVUGIB) presentation, although its impact in different risk patients remains unclear.
CROHN´S DISEASE PRESENTING WITH SUBACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION
Authors: M Zaghloul, M Emara, H Albatee, I Amer, A Mahrous, M Ahmed
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Here we report a 35 years old male patient with bilateral lower limb vasculitis like rash, colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, and abdominal distension. the patient was diagnosed with subacute intestinal obstruction and managed conservatively. Ultrasound wasn´t able to point out the cause of obstruction. CT scan showed multiple jejunal and ileal mural wall thickening. Colonoscope was used to reach proximal jejunal loops that showed skip erythematous patches with shallow ulcers that was sampled. Pan colonoscopy was unremarkable. Ileal cannulation showed free distal terminal ileum, but with deep cannulation marked ileal ulcers appeared with multiple aphthous ulcers. Histopathology revealed Crohn’s disease.
Detection of HCV-specific CD8+T cells in acuter hepatitis C which are impaired in cytolytic function and production of cytokines.
Authors: N H Gruener, F Lechner, C M Jung, H Diepolder, T J Gerlach, R Z Zachoval, W Schraut, A C Schirren, T Santantonio, P Klenerman, G R Pape
Journal: Hepatology (2000)
Probing the meaning of racial/ethnic group comparisons in crack cocaine smoking
Authors: M. Lillie-Blanton
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Objective.  —To probe the meaning of reported racial and ethnic group differences in the prevalence of crack cocaine smoking and to estimate the degree to which crack cocaine smoking is associated with personal factors specific to race/ ethnicity.  Design.  —Through reanalysis of data from the 1988 National Household Survey of Drug Abuse (NHSDA), we compared racial/ethnic group differences in crack cocaine smoking. To hold constant social and environmental risk factors that might potentially confound racial comparisons, we used an epidemiologic strategy that involves poststratification of respondents into neighborhood risk sets. A conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate the relative odds of crack use by race/ethnicity.  Patients or Other Participants.  —The 1988 NHSDA interviewed 8814 individuals residing within households in the United States. Subjects were selected using a multistage area probability sampling of all residents aged 12 years and older.  Results.  —Once respondents were grouped into neighborhood clusters, the relative odds (RO) of crack use did not differ significantly for African Americans (RO, 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37 to 1.93) or for Hispanic Americans (RO, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.67) compared with white Americans.  Conclusion.  —Findings of race-associated differences are often presented as if a person's race has intrinsic explanatory power. This analysis provides evidence that, given similar social and environmental conditions, crack use does not strongly depend on race-specific (eg, biologic) personal factors. Although the study finding does not refute the previous analysis, it provides evidence that prevalence estimates unadjusted for social environmental risk factors may lead to misunderstanding about the role of race or ethnicity in the epidemiology of crack use. Future research should seek to identify which characteristics of the neighborhood social environment are important and potentially modifiable determinants of drug use.  (JAMA. 1993;269:993-997)
Bioluminescence Imaging Applications in Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Nour Alsawaftah, Afifa Farooq, Salam Dhou, Amin F. Majdalawieh
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2020)

Bioluminescence imaging (BLI), an optical preclinical imaging modality, is an invaluable imaging modality due to its low-cost, high throughput, fast acquisition times, and functional imaging capabilities. BLI is being extensively used in the field of cancer imaging, especially with the recent developments in genetic-engineering, stem cell, and gene therapy treatments. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the principles, developments, and current status of BLI in cancer research. This paper covers the fundamental BLI concepts including BLI reporters and enzyme-substrate systems, data acquisition, and image characteristics. It reviews the studies discussing the use of BLI in cancer research such as imaging tumor-characteristic phenomena including tumorigenesis, metastasis, cancer metabolism, apoptosis, hypoxia, and angiogenesis, and response to cancer therapy treatments including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, and stem cell therapy. The key advantages and disadvantages of BLI compared to other common imaging modalities are also discussed.
HIGH RISK PATIENTS SUSPICIOUS OF LYNCH SYNDROME; ARE THEY BEING CLASSIFIED CORRECTLY AND RECEIVING APPROPRIATE SURVEILLANCE?
Authors: T Ryan, S Foy, J Leyden, P MacMathuna, NM Farrelly, M Elsiddig
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Lynch Syndrome (LS) is diagnosed by genetic testing of mismatch repair genes. However, before genetic testing, patients are categorised by clinical criteria (Amsterdam/Bethesda). The Mater Hospital (MMUH) cohort of patients without genetic testing but meeting the clinical criteria are categorised as ‘LS Unconfirmed’ in the high-risk database and surveillance is arranged accordingly.
UTILITY OF SPYBITE BIOPSIES THROUGH UNCOVERED SELF EXPANDABLE METAL STENT FOR DIAGNOSIS OF CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA
Authors: N Elamin, R Saleem, L Dwyer, R Sturgess
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Tissue acquisition to confirm the diagnosis in patients with suspected cholangiocarcinoma poses significant challenges. In the last few years targeted biopsies obtained with the SpyBite biopsy forceps through Peroral Cholangioscopy has shown promising diagnostic yields in cases with negative brush cytology or fine needle aspiration; but yet remains very challenging in most difficult cases. We believe that the video attached for one of the four cases we did is the first to describe the utility of Peroral Cholangioscopy in obtaining targeted biopsies through mesh of uncovered self-expandable metallic-stent (UcSEMS) in patients with inoperable cholangiocarcinoma who already had UcSEMS in-situ.
SUCCESSFUL ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT OF STRICTURE OF URETEROENTERIC ANASTOMOSIS BY IMPLANTATION OF BILIARY FULLY COVERED METAL STENT
Authors: P Macinga, V Borovicka, J Fronek, J Spicak, T Hucl
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

A 67-year-old male underwent renal transplantation with an ileal conduit urinary diversion due to bladder dysfunction. In early post-transplant period, he developed a stricture of the ureteroenteroanastomosis. The anastomosis was reached via ileostomy using a side-viewing scope and two biliary double-pigtail plastic stents were placed. Three months later, the plastic stents were exchanged for a biliary fully covered metal stent (WallFlex 60x6mm, Boston Scientific). To prevent migration, the proximal (enteric) side of the metal stent was secured by a plastic biliary double pigtail stent positioned transversally through the mesh. After six months, resolution of the stricture allowed for stent removal.
Newly Acquired Right Bundle-Branch Block
Authors: JOHN F. SCHNEIDER, H. EMERSON THOMAS, BERNARD E. KREGER, PATRICIA M. McNAMARA, PAUL SORLIE, WILLIAM B. KANNEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Cardiovascular abnormalities were identified prospectively in all 70 persons who developed complete right bundle-branch block (RBBB) in The Framingham Study during 18 years of biennial follow-up. Most were hypertensive before the appearance of RBBB. Although the initial appearance of RBBB was usually unaccompanied by overt clinical events, the subsequent incidence of coronary disease and congestive failure was two and one-half and four times greater, respectively, than that in matched control subjects without RBBB. The incidence of cardiovascular disease mortality was almost three times greater in persons who developed RBBB than in an age-matched sample of the population-at-large. This excess of cardiovascular disease mortality was related primarily to the high prevalence of associated cardiovascular abnormalities. Only 21% remained free from clinically apparent cardiovascular abnormalities. A QRS duration of ≥ 130 ms and a QRS axis between -45° and -90° identified those most likely to have associated cardiovascular abnormalities.
MULTICENTER RANDOMIZED TRIAL COMPARING THE HISTOLOGICAL MATERIAL QUANTITY OBTAINED BY EUS-FNB OF PANCREATIC MASSES WITH THE 20-GAUGE PROCORE AND THE 22-GAUGE ACQUIRE NEEDLES
Authors: D Karsenti, L Palazzo, B Perrot, J Zago, AI Lemaistre, J Cros, B Napoléon
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) has been proposed to obtain high-quality tissue samples for pancreatic tumors. We performed a multicenter randomized crossover trial comparing EUS-FNB with a 20-gauge Procore needle versus a 22-gauge Acquire needle. Our primary and secondary aims were the quantity of targeted tissue (pancreas) obtained and tumor characterization.
Outcomes of Randomized Clinical Trials of Interventions to Enhance Social, Emotional, and Spiritual Components of Wisdom
Authors: Ellen E. Lee, Katherine J. Bangen, Julie A. Avanzino, BaiChun Hou, Marina Ramsey, Graham Eglit, Jinyuan Liu, Xin M. Tu, Martin Paulus, Dilip V. Jeste
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2020)

Wisdom is a neurobiological personality trait made up of specific components, including prosocial behaviors, emotional regulation, and spirituality. It is associated with greater well-being and happiness.
DIAGNOSTIC YIELD OF MICRO-BIOPSY FORCEPS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF PERITONEAL CARCINOMATOSIS: A POSSIBLE NEW INDICATION?
Authors: C Fabbri, E Dabizzi, C Binda, A Fornelli, V Cennamo
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Peritoneal carcinomatosis is the metastatic seeding of tumoral cells on peritoneum, and it is associated with a dramatic prognosis worsening, with limited therapeutic opportunities. Therefore, PC should be ruled out before starting any invasive treatment modality. Recently, a new through-the-needle micro-biopsy forceps have been introduced, allowing micro-histology cores. We reported the preliminary experience, assessing patients with suspicious PC.
PYOGENIC GRANULOMA (PG): UN UNCOMMON CAUSE OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA DIAGNOSED AND TREATED BY DOUBLE-BALLOON ENTEROSCOPY (DBE) (WITH VIDEO)
Authors: N Lazaridis, A Murino, E Athanasiadou, A Podesta, F Solonos, R Raymond, N Koukias, J Watkins, T Yano, EJ Despott
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a rare cause of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Histopathologically is characterised by proliferation of capillary vessels and granulation tissue while pathogenesis is unclear.
Randomized Trial of Lactin-V to Prevent Recurrence of Bacterial Vaginosis
Authors: Craig R. Cohen, Michael R. Wierzbicki, Audrey L. French, Sheldon Morris, Sara Newmann, Hilary Reno, Lauri Green, Steve Miller, Jonathan Powell, Thomas Parks, Anke Hemmerling
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Bacterial vaginosis affects 15 to 50% of women of reproductive age, and recurrence is common after treatment with an antibiotic agent. The high incidence of recurrence suggests the need for new treatments to prevent recurrent bacterial vaginosis.
The liaison between respiratory failure and high blood pressure: evidence from COVID-19 patients
Authors: Marco Vicenzi, Roberta Di Cosola, Massimiliano Ruscica, Angelo Ratti, Irene Rota, Federica Rota, Valentina Bollati, Stefano Aliberti, Francesco Blasi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>In COVID-19 patients respiratory failure is associated with increased systemic blood pressure, conceivably due to the modulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by SARS-CoV-2 infection</b>https://bit.ly/3cINsHB
On Death and Dying
Authors: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Dr. J. Russell Little, Chief, Division of Infectious Disease, the Jewish Hospital of St. Louis and Associate Professor of Medicine and Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine: Our guest this morning is Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, MD. Dr. Ross has become something of a celebrity since the feature story in<i>Life</i>magazine (Nov 21, 1969, p 36) concerning her and her work and the appearance of her recent book entitled<i>On Death and Dying</i>.<sup>1</sup>The book provides a fascinating account of an experiment in teaching and therapy concerned with the emotional problems of seriously ill and dying patients. We have decided to dispense with the traditional case presentation today even though Dr. Ross could discuss any of our hospitalized patients with a terminal disease. Instead we shall turn over the entire hour to her discussion of her approach to the emotional problems of dying patients. Dr. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, Medical Director, South
THE CLINICAL VALIDATION OF OXYGEN SATURATION IMAGING FOR VISUALIZING THE MODE OF ACTION OF PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY FOR ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
Authors: M Suyama, Y Yoda, K Nishihara, H Sunakawa, T Minamide, Y Yamamoto, K Shinmura, K Hori, H Ikematsu, T Yano
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Photodynamic therapy (PDT) consists of a photosensitizer and specific wavelength laser illumination, and the mode of action of PDT is known as production of reactive oxygen species in cancers cells and vascular shutdown effect. However, it is difficult to confirm the effect of PDT with ordinary endoscopy. Oxygen saturation (OS) imaging (FUJIFILM, Co., Tokyo) is a novel endoscopic technology which can directly measure and visualize the tissue oxygen saturation (StO₂) of the surface of gastrointestinal tract. OS imaging is suspected as an ideal modality in theory for observing the vascular shutdown effect due to PDT. The purpose of this study is to validate the OS imaging for visualization the mode of action of PDT for esophageal cancer.
Behavioral Programs for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jennifer Pillay, Marni J. Armstrong, Sonia Butalia, Lois E. Donovan, Ronald J. Sigal, Ben Vandermeer, Pritam Chordiya, Sanjaya Dhakal, Lisa Hartling, Megan Nuspl, Robin Featherstone, Donna M. Dryden
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Background: Behavioral programs may improve outcomes for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but there is a large diversity of behavioral interventions and uncertainty about how to optimize the effectiveness of these programs. Purpose: To identify factors moderating the effectiveness of behavioral programs for adults with type 2 diabetes. Data Sources: 6 databases (1993 to January 2015), conference proceedings (2011 to 2014), and reference lists. Study Selection: Duplicate screening and selection of 132 randomized, controlled trials evaluating behavioral programs compared with usual care, active controls, or other behavioral programs. Data Extraction: One reviewer extracted and another verified data. Two reviewers independently assessed risk of bias. Data Synthesis: Behavioral programs were grouped on the basis of program content and delivery methods. A Bayesian network meta-analysis showed that most lifestyle and diabetes self-management education and support programs (usually offering ≥11 contact hours) led to clinically important improvements in glycemic control (≥0.4% reduction in hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]), whereas most diabetes self-management education programs without added support—especially those offering 10 or fewer contact hours—provided little benefit. Programs with higher effect sizes were more often delivered in person than via technology. Lifestyle programs led to the greatest reductions in body mass index. Reductions in HbA1c seemed to be greater for participants with a baseline HbA1c level of 7.0% or greater, adults younger than 65 years, and minority persons (subgroups with ≥75% nonwhite participants). Limitations: All trials had medium or high risk of bias. Subgroup analyses were indirect, and therefore exploratory. Most outcomes were reported immediately after the interventions. Conclusion: Diabetes self-management education offering 10 or fewer hours of contact with delivery personnel provided little benefit. Behavioral programs seem to benefit persons with suboptimal or poor glycemic control more than those with good control. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42014010515)
Will children reveal their secret? The coronavirus dilemma
Authors: George James Porter
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>A recent <i>ERJ</i> editorial cited ACE2 upregulation as a key reason for the better outcomes of COVID-19 seen in paediatric patients. However, there is significant conflicting literature on the topic, and many questions about ACE2 physiology still unanswered.</b>https://bit.ly/2Skh2Lp
Development and Validation of a Clinical Risk Score to Predict the Occurrence of Critical Illness in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Wenhua Liang, Hengrui Liang, Limin Ou, Binfeng Chen, Ailan Chen, Caichen Li, Yimin Li, Weijie Guan, Ling Sang, Jiatao Lu, Yuanda Xu, Guoqiang Chen, Haiyan Guo, Jun Guo, Zisheng Chen, Yi Zhao, Shiyue Li, Nuofu Zhang, Nanshan Zhong, Jianxing He
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

Early identification of patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who may develop critical illness is of great importance and may aid in delivering proper treatment and optimizing use of resources.To develop and validate a clinical score at hospital admission for predicting which patients with COVID-19 will develop critical illness based on a nationwide cohort in China.Collaborating with the National Health Commission of China, we established a retrospective cohort of patients with COVID-19 from 575 hospitals in 31 provincial administrative regions as of January 31, 2020. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and imaging variables ascertained at hospital admission were screened using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and logistic regression to construct a predictive risk score (COVID-GRAM). The score provides an estimate of the risk that a hospitalized patient with COVID-19 will develop critical illness. Accuracy of the score was measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Data from 4 additional cohorts in China hospitalized with COVID-19 were used to validate the score. Data were analyzed between February 20, 2020 and March 17, 2020.Among patients with COVID-19 admitted to the hospital, critical illness was defined as the composite measure of admission to the intensive care unit, invasive ventilation, or death.The development cohort included 1590 patients. the mean (SD) age of patients in the cohort was 48.9 (15.7) years; 904 (57.3%) were men. The validation cohort included 710 patients with a mean (SD) age of 48.2 (15.2) years, and 382 (53.8%) were men and 172 (24.2%). From 72 potential predictors, 10 variables were independent predictive factors and were included in the risk score: chest radiographic abnormality (OR, 3.39; 95% CI, 2.14-5.38), age (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05), hemoptysis (OR, 4.53; 95% CI, 1.36-15.15), dyspnea (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.18-3.01), unconsciousness (OR, 4.71; 95% CI, 1.39-15.98), number of comorbidities (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.27-2.00), cancer history (OR, 4.07; 95% CI, 1.23-13.43), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.10), lactate dehydrogenase (OR, 1.002; 95% CI, 1.001-1.004) and direct bilirubin (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06-1.24). The mean AUC in the development cohort was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.85-0.91) and the AUC in the validation cohort was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84-0.93). The score has been translated into an online risk calculator that is freely available to the public (http://118.126.104.170/).In this study, a risk score based on characteristics of COVID-19 patients at the time of admission to the hospital was developed that may help predict a patient's risk of developing critical illness.
Experience of remote cardiac care during the <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 pandemic: the <scp>V‐LAP</scp>™ device in advanced heart failure
Authors: Domenico D'Amario, Attilio Restivo, Francesco Canonico, Daniele Rodolico, Galli Mattia, Burzotta Francesco, Rocco Vergallo, Carlo Trani, Nadia Aspromonte, Filippo Crea
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2020)