tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Geriatric assessment and survival among older adults receiving postremission therapy for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Mohammed Saad, Kah Poh Loh, Janet A. Tooze, Timothy S. Pardee, Leslie R. Ellis, Bayard L. Powell, Rupali Roy Bhave, Ann M. Geiger, Jeff D. Williamson, Stephen Kritchevsky, Heidi D. Klepin
Journal: Blood (2020)
What is behind programmatic treatment outcome definitions for tuberculosis?
Authors: Zaza Avaliani, Ogtay Gozalov, Giorgi Kuchukhidze, Alena Skrahina, Viorel Soltan, Martin van den Boom, Irina Vasilyeva, Valentina Vilc, Askar Yedilbayev
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Following the launch of the DOTS (directly observed treatment, short-course) strategy in 1995, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the evaluation of treatment outcomes [1, 2]. The methodology and the forms for recording and reporting, in order to programmatically evaluate the proportion of tuberculosis (TB) cases achieving treatment success ("cured" and "treatment completed"; table 1) or dying, failing treatment and being lost to follow-up, were initially developed by Karel Styblo in the 1980s as part of the pilot programme of TB control in Tanzania [1, 2]. Rationale for programmatic TB definitions in management of TB and MDR-TB <https://bit.ly/36BYD2E>
Ligand recognition by the γδ TCR and discrimination between homeostasis and stress conditions
Authors: Malte Deseke, Immo Prinz
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2020)

Abstract T lymphocytes comprise cells expressing either an αβ or a γδ TCR. The riddle how αβ TCRs are triggered by specific peptides presented in the context of MHC was elucidated some time ago. In contrast, the mechanisms that underlie antigen recognition by γδ TCRs are still baffling the scientific community. It is clear that activation of γδ TCRs does not necessarily depend on MHC antigen presentation. To date, diverse and largely host-cell-derived molecules have been identified as cognate antigens for the γδ TCR. However, for most γδ TCRs, the activating ligand is still unknown and many open questions with regard to physiological relevance and generalizable concepts remain. Especially the question of how γδ T cells can distinguish homeostatic from stress conditions via their TCR remains largely unresolved. Recent discoveries in the field might have paved the way towards a better understanding of antigen recognition by the γδ TCR and have made it conceivable to revise the current knowledge and contextualize the new findings.
Cytoplasmic sequestration of HDAC7 from mitochondrial and nuclear compartments upon initiation of apoptosis
Authors: Robert E. Bakin, Mira Jung
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

2757  Control of global histone acetylation status is largely governed by the opposing enzymatic activities of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and deacetylases (HDACs). HDACs were originally identified as modulators of nuclear histone acetylation status and have been linked to chromosomal condensation and subsequent gene repression. Accumulating evidence highlights HDAC modification of non-histone targets. Mitochondria were first characterized as intracellular organelles responsible for energy production through the coupling of oxidative phosphorylation to respiration. More recently, mitochondria have been implicated in programmed cell death whereby release of pro-apoptotic inner membrane space factors facilitates apoptotic progression. Here we describe the novel discovery that the nuclear encoded Class II human histone deacetylase HDAC7 localizes to the mitochondrial inner membrane space (IMS) of prostate epithelial cells and exhibits cytoplasmic relocalization in response to initiation of the apoptotic cascade. These results highlight a previously unrecognized link between HDACs, mitochondria, and programmed cell death.
Abstract 21091: Heterotypic Interaction of Endothelial and Adipose Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Induces Activin A Expression Through Juxtacrine Notch Signaling Pathways
Authors: Stephanie Merfeld-Clauss, Hongyan Lu, Thomas J Jones, Dongni Feng, Keith L March, Dmitry O Traktuev
Journal: Circulation (2017)

The interaction between human endothelial (EC) and adipose mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (ASC) leads to EC reorganization into stable vascular structures in vitro and functional vessels in vivo and ASC maturation from progenitor to smooth muscle/pericyte phenotype. We have previously shown that juxtacrine EC-ASC interactions induce in ASC to express activin A, which, by affecting both EC and ASC bioactivities, plays a central role in vasculogenesis. Here, a co-culture model of human cord blood-derived EC and human ASC was used to study the role of Notch2 and Notch3 in juxtacrine mechanism-mediated regulation of activin A expression in ASC. Blockade of Notch signaling by the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT, between days 1-3 following heterocellular contact, prevented induction of activin A secretion, and DAPT added to co-cultures after establishment of activin A secretion almost completely abrogated its production, suggesting the need for uninterrupted Notch signaling to enforce continued activin A production. In parallel, DAPT reduced ASC differentiation towards the mural phenotype, and increased EC proliferation, causing inefficient vasculogenesis. Silencing Notch2 expression in ASC prevented activin A production by ASC when in co-culture with EC, whereas silencing Notch3 expression amplified its secretion. Dual silencing experiments revealed that silencing Notch2 was dominant, eliminating the effect of silencing Notch3. In parallel, Notch2 was not involved in mediating differentiation of ASC towards a smooth muscle/pericyte fate, whereas silencing of Notch3 led to an increase in baseline expression of markers of smooth muscle phenotype, which was further enhanced on contact with EC. Overall, Notch3 inhibits both expression of activin A and smooth muscle/pericyte differentiation program. Furthermore, these data suggest that activin A is induced exclusively through trans signaling mechanisms, whereas mural differentiation program is also regulated through cis pathways.
乳癌における3次元心エコー検査の役割:断層心エコー,MUGAスキャン,および心臓MRIの比較 | 文献情報 | J-GLOBAL 科学技術総合リンクセンター
Authors: Walker Jonathan, Bhullar Navdeep, Fallah-Rad Nazanin, Lytwyn Matthew, Golian Mehrdad, Fang Tielan, R Summers Arthur, K Singal Pawan, Barac Ivan, D Kirkpatrick Iain, S Jassal Davinder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)
Achieving coordinated national immunity and cholera elimination in Haiti through vaccination: a modelling study
Authors: Elizabeth C Lee, Dennis L Chao, Joseph C Lemaitre, Laura Matrajt, Damiano Pasetto, Javier Perez-Saez, Flavio Finger, Andrea Rinaldo, Jonathan D Sugimoto, M Elizabeth Halloran, Ira M Longini, Ralph Ternier, Kenia Vissieres, Andrew S Azman, Justin Lessler, Louise C Ivers
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2020)

Cholera was introduced into Haiti in 2010. Since then, more than 820 000 cases and nearly 10 000 deaths have been reported. Oral cholera vaccine (OCV) is safe and effective, but has not been seen as a primary tool for cholera elimination due to a limited period of protection and constrained supplies. Regionally, epidemic cholera is contained to the island of Hispaniola, and the lowest numbers of cases since the epidemic began were reported in 2019. Hence, Haiti may represent a unique opportunity to eliminate cholera with OCV.
Simulation of Blood as Fluid: A Review From Rheological Aspects
Authors: Vikas Kannojiya, Arup Kumar Das, Prasanta Kumar Das
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2020)

Blood flow in the human vascular system is a complex to understand example of fluid dynamics in a closed conduit. Any irregularities in the hemodynamics may lead to lethal cardiovascular disease like heart attack, heart failure and ischemia. Numerical simulation of hemodynamics in the blood vessel can facilitate a thorough understanding of blood flow and its interaction with the adjacent vessel wall. A good simulation approach for blood flow can be helpful in early prediction and diagnosis of the mentioned disease. The simulation outcomes may also provide decision support for surgical planning and medical implants. This study reports an extensive review of various approaches adopted to analyze the influence of blood rheological characteristics in a different class of blood vessels. In particular, emphasis was given on the identification of best possible rheological model to effectively solve the hemodynamics inside different blood vessels. The performance capability of different rheological models was discussed for different classes and conditions of vessels and the best/poor performing models are listed out. The Carreau, Casson and generalized power-law models were appeared to be superior for solving the blood flow at all shear rates. In contrast, power law, Walburn-Scheck and Herchel-Bulkley model lacks behind in the purpose.
A prospective cohort study of acute kidney injury and kidney outcomes, cardiovascular events, and death
Authors: T. Alp Ikizler, Chirag R. Parikh, Jonathan Himmelfarb, Vernon M. Chinchilli, Kathleen D. Liu, Steven G. Coca, Amit X. Garg, Chi-yuan Hsu, Edward D. Siew, Mark M. Wurfel, Lorraine B. Ware, Georgia Brown Faulkner, Thida C. Tan, James S. Kaufman, Paul L. Kimmel, Alan S. Go, Vernon M. Chinchilli, Alan S. Go, Jonathan Himmelfarb, T. Alp Ikizler, James S. Kaufman, Paul L. Kimmel, Chirag R. Parikh, John B. Stokes, Steven Coca, Amit Garg, Sijie Zheng, Leonid Pravoverov, Chi-yuan Hsu, Raymond K. Hsu, Kathleen D. Liu, W. Brian Reeves, Edward D. Siew, Julia B. Lewis, Lorraine Ware, Prasad Devarajan, Catherine Krawczeski, Michael Bennett, Michael Zappitelli, Mark Wurfel
Journal: Kidney International (2020)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been reported to be associated with excess risks of death, kidney disease progression and cardiovascular events although previous studies have important limitations. To further examine this, we prospectively studied adults from four clinical centers surviving three months and more after hospitalization with or without AKI who were matched on center, pre-admission CKD status, and an integrated priority score based on age, prior cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus, preadmission estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and treatment in the intensive care unit during the index hospitalization between December 2009-February 2015, with follow-up through November 2018. All participants had assessments of kidney function before (eGFR) and at three months and annually (eGFR and proteinuria) after the index hospitalization. Associations of AKI with outcomes were examined after accounting for pre-admission and three-month post-discharge factors. Among 769 AKI (73% Stage 1, 14% Stage 2, 13% Stage 3) and 769 matched non-AKI adults, AKI was associated with higher adjusted rates of incident CKD (adjusted hazard ratio 3.98, 95% confidence interval 2.51-6.31), CKD progression (2.37,1.28-4.39), heart failure events (1.68, 1.22-2.31) and all-cause death (1.78, 1.24-2.56). AKI was not associated with major atherosclerotic cardiovascular events in multivariable analysis (0.95, 0.70-1.28). After accounting for degree of kidney function recovery and proteinuria at three months after discharge, the associations of AKI with heart failure (1.13, 0.80-1.61) and death (1.29, 0.84-1.98) were attenuated and no longer significant. Thus, assessing kidney function recovery and proteinuria status three months after AKI provides important prognostic information for long-term clinical outcomes.
Association Between Community Water Fluoridation and Severe Dental Caries Experience in 4-Year-Old New Zealand Children
Authors: Philip J. Schluter, Matthew Hobbs, Helen Atkins, Barry Mattingley, Martin Lee
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

Robust contemporary epidemiologic evidence for the population-wide efficacy of reticulated community water fluoridation is required.To evaluate whether community water fluoridation is associated with the national rates of severe caries among 4-year-old children in New Zealand after accounting for key sociodemographic characteristics.This was a near whole population-level, natural, geospatial cross-sectional study of 4-year-old children who had a health and development assessment as part of the nationwide B4 School Check screening program conducted in New Zealand between July 1, 2010, and June 30, 2016. The extracted database included 391 677 children. However, geospatial information was missing for 18 558 children, another 32 939 children were unable to be geospatially matched, 5551 children resided in areas with changing fluoridation status, and 58 786 children had no oral health screen recorded, leaving 275 843 (70.4%) eligible children. Data were released in August 2019; statistical analysis was performed from September 2019 to December 2019.Community water fluoridation status from 2011 through 2016.Severe caries experience derived from the "lift the lip" oral health screening. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, area-level deprivation, and residential location differences. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models were used. Sensitivity analyses based on multiple imputed data were undertaken to measure any differential influence of missing data.In the eligible sample of 275 843 children, the median age was 4.3 years (interquartile range, 4.1-4.6 years), 141 451 children (51.3%) were boys, and 153 670 children (55.7%) resided within fluoridated areas. Severe caries were identified for 24 226 children (15.8%) in fluoridated and 17 135 children (14.0%) in unfluoridated areas, yielding an unadjusted odds ratio of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.90-0.95). However, in the adjusted analyses, children residing in areas without fluoridation had higher odds of severe caries compared with those within fluoridated areas (odds ratio, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.17-1.24). The population attributional fraction associated with unfluoridated community water was 5.6% (95% CI, 4.7%-6.6%) in a complete case analysis.This study finds that community water fluoridation continues to be associated with reduced prevalence of severe caries in the primary dentition of New Zealand's 4-year-old children.
3D ANALYSIS OF RECURRENCE PATTERNS IN RECTAL CANCER: THE CLINICAL TARGET VOLUME IN HYPO-FRACTIONATED PREOPERATIVE RADIOTHERAPY CAN BE REDUCED
Authors: J.A. Nijkamp, M. Kusters, R. Beets-Tan, H. Martijn, G.L. Beets, C.J.H. van de Velde, C. Marijnen
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2010)
Covid-19: UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS) study in context
Authors: Laura A Magee, Asma Khalil, Peter von Dadelszen
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The recent UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS) study provides UK specific information about covid-19 in pregnancy. 1Women's symptoms, risk factors for severe disease, and gestational age at presentation with covid-19, as well as increased preterm birth and caesarean delivery rates, are consistent with global data (systematic review and meta-analysis of 86 studies, including UKOSS, up to 8 June 2020). 2However, UKOSS has documented two findings that warrant emphasis.
Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation Versus Bone Marrow Transplantation in Severe Aplastic Anemia - a Cohort of 149 Patients from a Single Medical Center in Taiwan
Authors: Po-Shen Ko, Yao-Chung Liu, Chiu-Mei Yeh, Hao-Yuan Wang, Ying-Chung Hong, Jyh-Pyng Gau, Liang-Tsai Hsiao, Yuan-Bin Yu, Tzeon-Jye Chiou, Po-Min Chen, Kuo-Wei Chen, Jin-Hwang Liu, Chia-Jen Liu
Journal: Blood (2017)
Overestimation of Late Distant Recurrences in High-Risk Patients With ER-Positive Breast Cancer: Validity and Accuracy of the CTS5 Risk Score in the TEAM and IDEAL Trials
Authors: Iris Noordhoek, Erik J. Blok, Elma Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg, Hein Putter, Marjolijn Duijm-de Carpentier, Emiel J. T. Rutgers, Caroline Seynaeve, John M. S. Bartlett, Jean-Michel Vannetzel, Daniel W. Rea, Annette Hasenburg, Robert Paridaens, Christos J. Markopoulos, Yasuo Hozumi, Johanneke E. A. Portielje, Judith R. Kroep, Cornelis J. H. van de Velde, Gerrit-Jan Liefers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

Most distant recurrences (DRs) in women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer occur after 5 years from diagnosis. The Clinical Treatment Score post-5 years (CTS5) estimates DRs after 5 years of adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET). The aim of this study was to externally validate the CTS5 as a prognostic/predictive tool.The CTS5 categorizes patients who have been disease free for 5 years into low, intermediate, and high risk and calculates an absolute risk for developing DRs between 5 and 10 years. Discrimination and calibration were assessed using data from the TEAM and IDEAL trials. The predictive value of the CTS5 was tested with data from the IDEAL trial.A total of 5,895 patients from the TEAM trial and 1,591 patients from the IDEAL trial were included. When assessing the CTS5 discrimination, significantly more DRs were found at 10 years after diagnosis in the CTS5 high- and intermediate-risk groups than in the low-risk group (hazard ratio, 5.7 [95% CI, 3.6 to 8.8] and 2.8 [95% CI, 1.7 to 4.4], respectively). In low- and intermediate-risk patients, the CTS5-predicted DR rates were higher, although not statistically significantly so, than observed rates. However, in high-risk patients, the CTS5-predicted DR rates were significantly higher than observed rates (29% v 19%, respectively; P < .001). The CTS5 was not predictive for extended AET duration.The CTS5 score as applied to patients treated in the TEAM and IDEAL cohorts discriminates between risk categories but overestimates the risk of late DRs in high-risk patients. Therefore, the numerical risk assessment from the CTS5 calculator in its current form should be interpreted with caution when used in daily clinical practice, particularly in high-risk patients.
Toward a porcine <i>in vivo</i> model to analyze the pathogenesis of TLR5-dependent enteropathies
Authors: Robert Pieper, Niels van Best, Kira van Vorst, Friederike Ebner, Monika Reissmann, Mathias W. Hornef, Marcus Fulde
Journal: Gut Microbes (2020)

Non-communicable diseases, such as the metabolic syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease, constitute serious public health threats in developed countries. Besides environmental factors, genetic predispositions contribute to the onset and progression of the disease. State-of-the-art mouse models recently highlight the involvement of Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5)–driven microbiota composition in the development of metabolic disorders. Here, we discuss the causes and consequences of an altered enteric microbiota and provide information on a similar mechanism in another species, the pig. We show for the first time that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the porcine TLR5 gene conferring impaired functionality is associated with changes in the intestinal microbiota in adult sows and neonatal piglets. Changes in the developing adaptive cellular immune response support the concept of TLR5-driven changes of the microbe-host interplay also in the pig. Together, these findings suggest that pigs with impaired TLR-functionality might represent a model for TLR5-driven diseases in humans.
A profile of multiple circulating tumor necrosis factor receptors associated with early progressive kidney decline in Type 1 Diabetes is similar to profiles in autoimmune disorders
Authors: Katsuhito Ihara, Jan Skupien, Bozena Krolewski, Zaipul I. Md Dom, Kristina O’Neil, Eiichiro Satake, Hiroki Kobayashi, Narges M. Rashidi, Monika A. Niewczas, Andrzej S. Krolewski
Journal: Kidney International (2020)
American College of Rheumatology Clinical Guidance for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated With SARS–CoV‐2 and Hyperinflammation in Pediatric COVID‐19: Version 1
Authors: Lauren A. Henderson, Scott W. Canna, Kevin G. Friedman, Mark Gorelik, Sivia K. Lapidus, Hamid Bassiri, Edward M. Behrens, Anne Ferris, Kate F. Kernan, Grant S. Schulert, Philip Seo, Mary Beth F. Son, Adriana H. Tremoulet, Rae S. M. Yeung, Amy S. Mudano, Amy S. Turner, David R. Karp, Jay J. Mehta
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2020)

Objective To provide guidance on the management of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C), a condition characterized by fever, inflammation, and multiorgan dysfunction that manifests late in the course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS–CoV‐2) infection, and to provide recommendations for children with hyperinflammation during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), the acute, infectious phase of SARS–CoV‐2 infection. Methods A multidisciplinary task force was convened by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) to provide guidance on the management of MIS‐C associated with SARS–CoV‐2 and hyperinflammation in COVID‐19. The task force was composed of 9 pediatric rheumatologists, 2 adult rheumatologists, 2 pediatric cardiologists, 2 pediatric infectious disease specialists, and 1 pediatric critical care physician. Preliminary statements addressing clinical questions related to MIS‐C and hyperinflammation in COVID‐19 were developed based on evidence reports. Consensus was built through a modified Delphi process that involved 2 rounds of anonymous voting and 2 webinars. A 9‐point scale was used to determine the appropriateness of each statement (median scores of 1–3 for inappropriate, 4–6 for uncertain, and 7–9 for appropriate), and consensus was rated as low, moderate, or high based on dispersion of the votes along the numeric scale. Approved guidance statements were those that were classified as appropriate with moderate or high levels of consensus, as prespecified prior to voting. Results The ACR task force approved a total of 128 guidance statements addressing the management of MIS‐C and hyperinflammation in pediatric COVID‐19. These statements were refined into 40 final clinical guidance statements, accompanied by a flow diagram depicting the diagnostic pathway for MIS‐C. Conclusion Our understanding of SARS–CoV‐2–related syndromes in the pediatric population continues to evolve. The guidance provided in this “living document” reflects currently available evidence, coupled with expert opinion, and will be revised as further evidence becomes available.
David Oliver: Why would Number 10 propose an NHS power grab?
Authors: David Oliver
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following David Oliver: Why would Number 10 propose an NHS power grab? Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.