tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents Reduce the Risk of Malignant Transformation of Hepatobiliary Phase-Hypointense Nodule without Arterial Phase Hyperenhancement to Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Gd-EOB-DPTA-Enhanced Imaging in the Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Liver
Authors: Yoshiaki Shimizu, Kuniaki Arai, Taro Yamashita, Tatsuya Yamashita, Tetsuro Shimakami, Kazunori Kawaguchi, Kazuya Kitamura, Yoshio Sakai, Eishiro Mizukoshi, Masao Honda, Azusa Kitao, Kazuto Kozaka, Satoshi Kobayashi, Shuichi Kaneko
Journal: Liver Cancer (2020)

Hepatobiliary phase-hypointense nodules without arterial phase hyperenhancement (HHNs without APHE) on gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI) are considered to be dysplastic nodules or early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and have high risk of undergoing malignant transformation and progression to hypervascular HCC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of HHNs without APHE diagnosed by Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI before the eradication of HCV by direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs).We retrospectively investigated 221 consecutive patients with HCV infection who were treated with DAAs. Thirty patients with 65 HHNs without APHE were enrolled in a sustained virologic response (SVR) cohort and 22 with 43 HHNs without APHE who did not receive DAAs or had failed HCV eradication therapy were enrolled in a non-SVR cohort. Fifty-seven percent of patients in the SVR group and 64% of those in the non-SVR group had a history of HCC. The primary endpoint of this study was the development of hypervascular HCC from HHNs without APHE detected on imaging. The cumulative incidence and relative risk of progression to hypervascular HCC in relation to clinical characteristics were compared between the two cohorts.The 2-year cumulative incidence of progression to hypervascular HCC was 8.5 and 21.9% in the SVR and non-SVR cohorts, respectively. There was a significant reduction in progression of HHNs without APHE to HCC after the eradication of HCV (p = 0.022, log-rank test). Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified hyperintensity on T2-weighted images (relative risk 14.699, p < 0.001) and achieving SVR (relative risk 0.290, p = 0.043) as independent factors associated with the risk of HCC. During follow-up, 6 (9.2%) of the HHNs without APHE in the SVR cohort became undetectable on hepatocyte-phase images.Eradication of HCV by DAAs could reduce the hypervascularization rate of HHNs without APHE, and some of these nodules disappeared.
Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) Expession in Tumor Metastasis of Primary and Colorectal Cancer: Implications for Antiangiogenic Therapy
Authors: M.J. Ortiz-Morales, C. Morales, A. Gómez, G. Pulido, M.T. Cano Osuna, J. Jiménez, P. Sánchez, M. Medina, J. La Haba De Rodriguez, E. Aranda Aguilar
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Prognostic Value of 18F-FDG PET Using Texture Analysis in Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Authors: Osamu Manabe, Kazuhiro Koyanagawa, Kenji Hirata, Noriko Oyama-Manabe, Hiroshi Ohira, Tadao Aikawa, Sho Furuya, Masanao Naya, Ichizo Tsujino, Yuuki Tomiyama, Yuka Otaki, Toshihisa Anzai, Nagara Tamaki
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2020)
At last — linking ORMDL3 polymorphisms, decreased sphingolipid synthesis, and asthma susceptibility
Authors: Marsha Wills-Karp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease that has a heritable component. Polymorphisms in the endoplasmic reticular protein orosomucoid-like protein 3 (ORMDL3), which regulates sphingolipid homeostasis, have been strongly linked with childhood-onset asthma. Despite extensive investigation, a link between ORMDL3 asthma-risk genotypes and altered sphingolipid synthesis has been lacking. In this issue of the JCI, Ono et al. establish a clear association between nonallergic childhood asthma, lower whole-blood sphingolipids, and asthma-risk 17q21 genotypes. These results demonstrate that genetic variants in ORMDL3 may confer a risk of developing childhood asthma through dysregulation of sphingolipid synthesis. As such, modulation of sphingolipids may represent a promising avenue of therapeutic development for childhood asthma.
Analysis of Pre- and Posttreatment Tissues from the SWOG S0800 Trial Reveals an Effect of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on the Breast Cancer Genome
Authors: Ryan L. Powles, Vikram B. Wali, Xiaotong Li, William E. Barlow, Zeina Nahleh, Alastair M. Thompson, Andrew K. Godwin, Christos Hatzis, Lajos Pusztai
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) of pre- and posttreatment cancer tissues to assess the somatic mutation landscape of tumors before and after neoadjuvant taxane and anthracycline chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab.
Harnessing liver progenitors in the treatment of liver fibrosis: a step in the right direction?
Authors: Katja Breitkopf-Heinlein, Wing-Kin Syn
Journal: Gut (2020)

Liver fibrosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the prevalence of chronic liver disease is expected to increase in parallel with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus epidemics.1 As there is currently no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug treatment for liver fibrosis, a liver transplant is the only curative treatment for a minority of individuals who develop cirrhosis-associated complications such as liver cancer and liver failure. In the face of an acute organ shortage, there is a growing impetus to better understand the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms of adult liver repair and regeneration, so that clinically relevant therapeutic targets can be identified.

In adults, after an acute liver injury, ‘normal’ regeneration occurs through the proliferation and expansion of remaining healthy hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, and there is minimal involvement of liver progenitors. By contrast, repair during chronic liver injury involves the proliferation of progenitor cells and cells with certain stem-like properties to differentiate into both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, and thus support the restoration of liver function.2 3 What are the identity and/or origin of these liver progenitors? Multiple progenitor markers have been proposed, but none are completely specific as recent studies demonstrate that liver progenitors are actually a heterogeneous population that contains a variety of cell types, ranging from more primitive progenitors to more differentiated cells (eg, hepatocyte-like). Indeed, in adult mice, progenitors include biliary-like cells (also known as ‘oval cells’ in rodents) which arise in the ductal region, as well as progenitors around the central vein, de-differentiated hepatocytes or cholangiocytes, as well as multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) which also exhibit immunomodulatory properties.3 4 Similar …
The Implementation of a Multidisciplinary Heredofamilial Cancer Unit Changes Hereditary Cancer Risk Perception among Oncologists
Authors: I. Márquez-Rodas, A.B. Ruperez Blanco, B. Moya, S. Custodio Cabello, S. Pérez Ramírez, M. Cavanagh, D. López-Trabada, S. López-Tarruella, Y. Jerez
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
A Non-Randomized Comparison of Enteral Diet and Low Residue Diet in Head and Neck Cancer Patients During Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Y. Yajima, H. Ishiki, T. Kobayashi, M. Tahara, S. Suzuki, S. Kobayashi, T. Akimoto, S. Zenda
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Optical Coherence Tomography in Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: R. Wessels, D.M. De Bruin, D.J. Faber, H.H. van Boven, A.D. Vincent, T.G. van Leeuwen, M. van Beurden, T.J.M. Ruers
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
IKKβ overexpression together with a lack of tumour suppressor genes causes ameloblastic odontomas in mice
Authors: Angustias Page, Ana Bravo, Cristian Suarez-Cabrera, Raquel Sanchez-Baltasar, Marta Oteo, Miguel Angel Morcillo, M. Llanos Casanova, Jose C. Segovia, Manuel Navarro, Angel Ramirez
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2020)

Abstract Odontogenic tumours are a heterogeneous group of lesions that develop in the oral cavity region and are characterized by the formation of tumoural structures that differentiate as teeth. Due to the diversity of their histopathological characteristics and clinical behaviour, the classification of these tumours is still under debate. Alterations in morphogenesis pathways such as the Hedgehog, MAPK and WNT/β-catenin pathways are implicated in the formation of odontogenic lesions, but the molecular bases of many of these lesions are still unknown. In this study, we used genetically modified mice to study the role of IKKβ (a fundamental regulator of NF-κB activity and many other proteins) in oral epithelial cells and odontogenic tissues. Transgenic mice overexpressing IKKβ in oral epithelial cells show a significant increase in immune cells in both the oral epithelia and oral submucosa. They also show changes in the expression of several proteins and miRNAs that are important for cancer development. Interestingly, we found that overactivity of IKKβ in oral epithelia and odontogenic tissues, in conjunction with the loss of tumour suppressor proteins (p53, or p16 and p19), leads to the appearance of odontogenic tumours that can be classified as ameloblastic odontomas, sometimes accompanied by foci of secondary ameloblastic carcinomas. These tumours show NF-κB activation and increased β-catenin activity. These findings may help to elucidate the molecular determinants of odontogenic tumourigenesis and the role of IKKβ in the homoeostasis and tumoural transformation of oral and odontogenic epithelia.
The Leeds Risk Index: Field-Test of a Stratified Psychological Treatment Selection Algorithm
Authors: Jaime Delgadillo, Sarah Appleby, Sarah Booth, Georgie Burnett, Amy Carey, Laura Edmeade, Stephen Green, Pat Griffin, Emma Johnson, Robert Jones, Paul Parker, Lorraine Reeves-McLaren, Wolfgang Lutz
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2020)

Clinical guidelines for the treatment of depression and anxiety recommend psychological interventions organised in a stepped care model, where patients initially access low intensity guided self-help followed by high intensity psychotherapies if their symptoms persist. The Leeds Risk Index (LRI) is a data-driven tool that enables clinicians to profile patients into subgroups with low, moderate or high risk of poor response to treatment. A prior retrospective analysis of routine care data suggested that clinical outcomes for high risk cases could be improved by directly assigning them to high intensity treatments (stratified care) rather than usual stepped care. This study was the first prospective field-test of a stratified treatment selection approach based on the LRI tool. Post-treatment depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7) remission rates, dropout rates and treatment duration were compared between 157 stratified care cases vs. 125 stepped care controls. The results indicate that stratified care significantly improved the efficiency of psychological treatment, attaining comparable clinical outcomes in a shorter overall treatment duration.
In patients with recent ACS and uncontrolled dyslipidemia, alirocumab reduced MACE regardless of previous CABG
Authors: Anthony P. Carnicelli, Christopher B. Granger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

ACP Journal Club21 January 2020In patients with recent ACS and uncontrolled dyslipidemia, alirocumab reduced MACE regardless of previous CABGAnthony P. Carnicelli, MD, Christopher B. Granger, MDAnthony P. Carnicelli, MDDuke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA (A.P.C., C.B.G.)Search for more papers by this author, Christopher B. Granger, MDDuke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA (A.P.C., C.B.G.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/ACPJ202001210-003 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationGoodman SG, Aylward PE, Szarek M, et al. Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular events after coronary bypass surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;74:1177-86. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31466614Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: References1 Sabatine MS. PCSK9 inhibitors: clinical evidence and implementation. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2019;16:155-65. [PMID: 30420622] Google Scholar2 Kulik A, Ruel M, Jneid H, et al. Secondary prevention after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015;131:927-64. [PMID: 25679302] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA (A.P.C., C.B.G.)Disclosures: The commentators have disclosed no conflicts of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M19-2922.This article was published at Annals.org on 7 January 2020. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPractical guidance for combination lipid-modifying therapy in high- and very-high-risk patients: A statement from a European Atherosclerosis Society Task Force 21 January 2020Volume 172, Issue 2Page: JC3KeywordsAbsolute risk reductionAcute coronary syndromeAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseHazard ratioHeart failureLipoproteinsLow density lipoprotein cholesterolMortalityNumber needed to treatStatins ePublished: 21 January 2020 Issue Published: 21 January 2020 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2020 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Patterns and Outcomes of Treatment in Elderly Patients with Ovarian Cancer: A Retrospective Mono-Istitutional Study
Authors: M.O. Nicoletto, L. Furini, M. Dalla Palma, L. Borgato, P. Fiduccia, M. Rocchetto, G.B. Nardelli, M.T. Gervasi, V. Zagonel
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Regulatory T-cell Depletion Alters the Tumor Microenvironment and Accelerates Pancreatic Carcinogenesis
Authors: Yaqing Zhang, Jenny Lazarus, Nina G. Steele, Wei Yan, Ho-Joon Lee, Zeribe C. Nwosu, Christopher J. Halbrook, Rosa E. Menjivar, Samantha B. Kemp, Veerin R. Sirihorachai, Ashley Velez-Delgado, Katelyn Donahue, Eileen S. Carpenter, Kristee L. Brown, Valerie Irizarry-Negron, Anna C. Nevison, Alekya Vinta, Michelle A. Anderson, Howard C. Crawford, Costas A. Lyssiotis, Timothy L. Frankel, Filip Bednar, Marina Pasca di Magliano
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2020)

Abstract Regulatory T cells (Treg) are abundant in human and mouse pancreatic cancer. To understand the contribution to the immunosuppressive microenvironment, we depleted Tregs in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Contrary to our expectations, Treg depletion failed to relieve immunosuppression and led to accelerated tumor progression. We show that Tregs are a key source of TGFβ ligands and, accordingly, their depletion reprogramed the fibroblast population, with loss of tumor-restraining, smooth muscle actin–expressing fibroblasts. Conversely, we observed an increase in chemokines Ccl3, Ccl6, and Ccl8 leading to increased myeloid cell recruitment, restoration of immune suppression, and promotion of carcinogenesis, an effect that was inhibited by blockade of the common CCL3/6/8 receptor CCR1. Further, Treg depletion unleashed pathologic CD4+ T-cell responses. Our data point to new mechanisms regulating fibroblast differentiation in pancreatic cancer and support the notion that fibroblasts are a heterogeneous population with different and opposing functions in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Significance: Here, we describe an unexpected cross-talk between Tregs and fibroblasts in pancreatic cancer. Treg depletion resulted in differentiation of inflammatory fibroblast subsets, in turn driving infiltration of myeloid cells through CCR1, thus uncovering a potentially new therapeutic approach to relieve immunosuppression in pancreatic cancer. See related commentary by Aykut et al., p. 345. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 327
Long-Term Overall Survival (OS) and Disease-Free Survival (DFS) According to PCR in Breast Cancers Subtypes: Luminal A and B, Triple Negative and HER2 +, Treated by Neaodjuvant Chemotherapy (NCT)
Authors: C. Abrial, Q. Wang-Lopez, M. Mouret-Reynier, P. Dubray-Longeras, I. van Praagh-Doreau, X. Durando, P. Gimbergues, J. Nabholtz, F. Penault-Llorca, P. Chollet
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
High mRNA Expression of LMO4, A BRCA1 Downregulator, Correlates with Better Prognosis in Erlotinib-Treated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients (P) with EGFR Mutations
Authors: N. Karachaliou, C. Costa, A. Gimenez-Capitan, S. Viteri, A. Gasco, C. Camps, E. Carcereny, B. Massuti Sureda, J. Souglakos, R. Rosell
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
P1.27 Lung Tumors to Brain Metastases: Do Micrornas Play a Prognostic Role?
Authors: S. Donzelli, A. Sacconi, T. Bellissimo, G. Alessandrini, S. Strano, M.A. Carosi, E. Pescarmona, F. Facciolo, S. Telera, A. Pompili, G. Blandino
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Strong Additive Effect of Everolimus and Octreotide or Pasireotide on Meningioma Cells in Vitro: A New Therapeutic Strategy for These Tumors
Authors: A. Barlier, T. Graillon, C. Defilles, A. Mohamed, A. Saveanu, D. Figarella-Branger, O. Chinot, P. Roche, A. Enjalbert, H. Dufour
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
安定および不安定冠動脈疾患のSAA/LDL複合体の血清レベル | 文献情報 | J-GLOBAL 科学技術総合リンクセンター
Authors: Goda A, Ogasawara K, Mashiba S, Hashimoto H, Uchida K, Aizawa T, FU Lt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
An Open-Label, Multicentre Safety Study of Vemurafenib in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: C. Blank, M. Del Vecchio, P.A. Ascierto, P. Queirolo, A. Hauschild, A. Arance, M. Brown, L. Mitchell, L. Veronese, J. Larkin
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Short-term starvation reduces IGF-1 levels to sensitize lung tumors to PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade
Authors: Daniel Ajona, Sergio Ortiz-Espinosa, Teresa Lozano, Francisco Exposito, Alfonso Calvo, Karmele Valencia, Miriam Redrado, Ana Remírez, Fernando Lecanda, Diego Alignani, Juan J. Lasarte, Irati Macaya, Yaiza Senent, Cristina Bértolo, Cristina Sainz, Ignacio Gil-Bazo, Iñaki Eguren-Santamaría, Jose M. Lopez-Picazo, Alvaro Gonzalez, Jose L. Perez-Gracia, Carlos E. de Andrea, Silvestre Vicent, Miguel F. Sanmamed, Luis M. Montuenga, Ruben Pio
Journal: Nature Cancer (2020)
Methylation Marker has a Complementary Value to Epstein-Barr Virus-Based Tests in Early Detection of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: S.H. Hutajulu, S.R. Indrasari, L.P.L. Indrawati, A. Brahmadhi, S. Duin, A.E. Greijer, S.M. Haryana, R.D. Steenbergen, J.M. Middeldorp
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Cost-Utility Analysis of Maintenance Therapy with Either Gemcitabine or Erlotinib versus Observation with Predefined Second-Line Treatment after Cisplatin-Gemcitabine Induction Chemotherapy in Advanced Nsclc: Ifct-Gfpc 0502-ECO Phase III Study
Authors: I. Borget, M. Perol, D. Perol, A. Lavole, L. Greillier, R. Gervais, G. Zalcman, S. Chabaud, A. Vergnenegre, C. Chouaid
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Development of a Novel Quantitative Assay for Predicting ADCC, Antibody Dependent Cell Mediated Cytotoxicity, and Prediction of Pathological Complete Response in Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for HER-2 Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: K. Tamura, M. Yunokawa, H. Yamamoto, M. Kodaira, C. Shimizu, K. Yonemori, Y. Fujiwara, F. Koizumi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
P1.21 Microrna Profiling as a Potential Predictive Tool of Giant Cell Tumor Evolving in High Grade Osteosarcoma: A Case Report
Authors: F. Mori, A. Sacconi, F. Ganci, R. Covello, C. Zoccali, R. Biagini, G. Blandino, S. Strano
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Treatment-Induced Tumor Dormancy through YAP-Mediated Transcriptional Reprogramming of the Apoptotic Pathway
Authors: Kari J. Kurppa, Yao Liu, Ciric To, Tinghu Zhang, Mengyang Fan, Amir Vajdi, Erik H. Knelson, Yingtian Xie, Klothilda Lim, Paloma Cejas, Andrew Portell, Patrick H. Lizotte, Scott B. Ficarro, Shuai Li, Ting Chen, Heidi M. Haikala, Haiyun Wang, Magda Bahcall, Yang Gao, Sophia Shalhout, Steffen Boettcher, Bo Hee Shin, Tran Thai, Margaret K. Wilkens, Michelle L. Tillgren, Mierzhati Mushajiang, Man Xu, Jihyun Choi, Arrien A. Bertram, Benjamin L. Ebert, Rameen Beroukhim, Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Mark M. Awad, Prafulla C. Gokhale, Paul T. Kirschmeier, Jarrod A. Marto, Fernando D. Camargo, Rizwan Haq, Cloud P. Paweletz, Kwok-Kin Wong, David A. Barbie, Henry W. Long, Nathanael S. Gray, Pasi A. Jänne
Journal: Cancer Cell (2020)
Low-Dose Whole-Body Computed Tomography and Radiation Exposure in Patients With Trauma—Trust, but Verify
Authors: Laura N. Purcell, Anthony Charles
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Predictive and Prognostic Roles of Body Mass Index (BMI) in Docetaxel(D)-Treated Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC)
Authors: N. Rozumna-Martynyuk, M.Y. Teo, M.S.N. Mohd Sharial, M. Doherty, F. McDonnell, S. O'Reilly, D.G. Power, R. McDermott
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Response Rates and Durations of Response for Biomarker-Based Cancer Drugs in Nonrandomized Versus Randomized Trials
Authors: Bishal Gyawali, Elvira D’Andrea, Jessica M. Franklin, Aaron S. Kesselheim
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2020)

Background: Many new targeted cancer drugs have received FDA approval based on durable responses in nonrandomized controlled trials (non-RCTs). The goal of this study was to evaluate whether the response rates (RRs) and durations of response (DoRs) of targeted cancer drugs observed in non-RCTs are consistent when these drugs are tested in RCTs. Methods: We used the FDA’s Table of Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers in Drug Labeling to identify cancer drugs that were approved based on changes in biomarker endpoints through December 2017. We then identified the non-RCTs and RCTs for these drugs for the given indications and extracted the RRs and DoRs. We compared the RRs and median DoR in non-RCTs versus RCTs using the ratio of RRs and the ratio of DoRs, defined as the RRs (or DoRs) in non-RCTs divided by the RRs (or DoRs) in RCTs. The ratio of RRs or DoRs was pooled across the trial pairs using random-effects meta-analysis. Results: Of the 21 drug–indication pairs selected, both non-RCTs and RCTs were available for 19. The RRs and DoRs in non-RCTs were greater than those in RCTs in 63% and 87% of cases, respectively. The pooled ratio of RRs was 1.06 (95% CI, 0.95–1.20), and the pooled ratio of DoRs was 1.17 (95% CI, 1.03–1.33). RRs and DoRs derived from non-RCTs were also poor surrogates for overall survival derived from RCTs. Conclusions: The RRs were not different between non-RCTs and RCTs of cancer drugs approved based on changes to a biomarker, but the DoRs in non-RCTs were significantly higher than in RCTs. Caution must be exercised when approving or prescribing targeted drugs based on data on durable responses derived from non-RCTs, because the responses could be overestimates and poor predictors of survival benefit.