tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regional calendars and seasonal statistics for the United Kingdom's main pollen allergens
Authors: Beverley Adams‐Groom, Carsten Ambelas Skjøth, Katherine Selby, Catherine Pashley, Jack Satchwell, Katie Head, Gavin Ramsay
Journal: Allergy (2020)

Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Tobacco: Promotion and Smoking
Authors: Merilee D. Karr
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Thank you for the December 11, 1991, issue devoted to smoking. One value of these single-topic issues is in the questions sparked by juxtaposition of different articles on related topics. For example, the article by DiFranza et al<sup>1</sup>describing cigarette marketing to children empathetically notes that adolescent girls fear gaining weight as a consequence of quitting smoking. In the same issue, 20 pages previous, the Transdermal Nicotine Study Group reports that transdermal nicotine reduces the severity of nicotine withdrawal symptoms.<sup>2</sup>Did transdermal nicotine also reduce the frequency of weight gain?
Proton-Based Chemoradiotherapy—What Level of Evidence Is Necessary to Justify Its Widespread Use?
Authors: Henry S. Park, James B. Yu
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Abstract 20: Peripheral Intravenous Analysis Detects Return of Spontaneous Circulation Without Interruption of Chest Compressions in a Rat Model of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Claudius Balzer, Franz J Baudenbacher, Antonio Hernandez, Michele M Salzman, Matthias L Riess, Susan S Eagle
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: A higher chest compression fraction (CCF) or percentage of time providing chest compressions is associated with improved survival after cardiac arrest (CA). Pauses in chest compression duration during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to palpate a pulse can reduce the CCF. Peripheral Intravenous Analysis (PIVA) is a novel method for determining cardiac and volume status using waveforms from a standard peripheral intravenous (IV) line. We hypothesize that PIVA will demonstrate the onset of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) without interruption of CPR. Methods: Eight Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats (4 lean, 4 diabetic) were intubated, ventilated, and cannulated with a 24g IV in the tail vein and a 22g IV in the femoral artery, each connected to a TruWave pressure transducer. Mechanical ventilation was discontinued to achieve CA. After 8 minutes, CPR began with mechanical ventilation, IV epinephrine, and chest compressions using 1.5 cm at 200 times per minute until mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased to 120 mmHg per arterial line. All waveforms were recorded and analyzed in LabChart. PIVA was measured using a Fourier transform of the peripheral venous waveform. Data are mean ± SD. Statistics: Unpaired student’s t-test (two-tailed), α = 05. Results: CA and ROSC were achieved in all 8 rats. Within 1 minute of CPR, there was a 70 ± 35 fold increase/decrease in PIVA during CPR that was temporally associated with ROSC. Within 8 ± 13 seconds of a reduction in PIVA, there was a rapid increase in end-tidal CO 2 . In all rats, ROSC occurred within 38 ± 9 seconds of the maximum PIVA value. Peripheral venous pressure decreased by 1.2 ± 0.9 mmHg during resuscitation and ROSC, which was not significant different at p=0.05. Conclusion: In this pilot study, PIVA detected ROSC without interrupting CPR. Use of PIVA may obviate the need pause CPR for pulse checks, and may result in a higher CCF and survival. Future studies will focus on PIVA and CPR efficacy.
Primary Ewing Sarcoma/Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of Kidney With Inferior Vena Cava Thrombus
Authors: Sarthak Tripathy, Shamim Ahmed Shamim, Santosh Chellapuram, Adarsh Barwad, Sameer Rastogi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Primary Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor is a group of rare aggressive tumors in adults derived from neuroectoderm, and primary renal involvement is extremely rare. We describe an F-FDG PET/CT findings of a 28-year-old man who presented with left renal mass with inferior vena cava thrombus, which turned out to be primary Ewing sarcoma on histopathology specimen post left nephrectomy.
Trends in U.S. Ambulatory Cardiovascular Care 2013 to 2017
Authors: Thomas M. Maddox, Yang Song, Joseph Allen, Paul S. Chan, Adeela Khan, Jane J. Lee, Joshua Mitchell, William J. Oetgen, Angelo Ponirakis, Claire Segawa, John A. Spertus, Fran Thorpe, Salim S. Virani, Frederick A. Masoudi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Abstract 13449: Minimal Defibrillation Thresholds Determined by Step-Down Defibrillation Testing in Subcutaneous Implantable-Defibrillator Patients
Authors: Anne-Floor B Quast, Sarah W Baalman, Tom F Brouwer, Arthur A Wilde, Reinoud E Knops
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Since the introduction of the subcutaneous implantable-defibrillator (S-ICD) knowledge of factors which elevate the defibrillation threshold (DFT), such as sub-coil fat, sub-generator...
Splenomegaly in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia Receiving Hydroxyurea in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Leon Tshilolo, George A. Tomlinson, Patrick T. McGann, Teresa S. Latham, Peter Olupot-Olupot, Brigida Santos, Banu Aygun, Susan Stuber, Adam Lane, Thomas N. Williams, Russell E. Ware
Journal: Blood (2019)
Author Correction: Computationally designed antibody–drug conjugates self-assembled via affinity ligands
Authors: Nimish Gupta, Aasif Ansari, Gaurao V. Dhoke, Maheshwerreddy Chilamari, Jwala Sivaccumar, Smita Kumari, Snigdha Chatterjee, Ravinder Goyal, Pradip Kumar Dutta, Mallik Samarla, Madhumita Mukherjee, Arindam Sarkar, Swadhin K. Mandal, Vishal Rai, Goutam Biswas, Aniruddha Sengupta, Sudip Roy, Monideepa Roy, Shiladitya Sengupta
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2020)
糖尿病基础知识（一）——心血管疾病、高血压和血脂
Authors: PeterJKatkins, 李玉秀, 王姮
Journal: BMJ (2004)

糖尿病患者尤其是2型糖尿病或伴蛋白尿的患者，心血管、脑血管和周围血管疾病的患病率和死亡率都相当高，从而导致心肌梗死、中风和截肢。我们需要做很大的努力来降低患大多数动脉粥样硬化性疾病的易感危险因素。现在已有许多有效措施来治疗糖尿病，尤其是2型糖尿病。
Demographics, treatment, and outcome of retinoblastoma: A large series with protocol-based management.
Authors: Vijay Anand Palkonda Reddy, Santosh Honavar, Puthiyapurayil M Fairooz, Mohammed Javed Ali, Geeta K Vemuganti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

9568 Background: Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood with incidence of 1 in 20,000 and the third most common pediatric cancer. In the previous decades, early diagnosis and treatment of retinoblastoma have improved survival rates in developed countries. Nevertheless, protocol based management help reduce the mortality rate associated with advanced tumors. The purpose of the study is to report demographics, management, and outcome of retinoblastoma in the Ocular oncology centre of South India. Methods: Consecutive case series of 1,543 eyes of 1,067 patients with 22 years of follow-up. Demographics, clinical features, treatment and outcome (survival, organ salvage and function salvage) were analyzed. Management comprised of focal therapy for small tumors, standard triple drug chemoreduction for larger (&gt;4mm) tumors, high dose chemoreduction and periocular chemotherapy for vitreous seeds, and enucleation for advanced tumors. Adjuvant therapy was provided in patients with histopathologic high-risk factors for systemic metastasis. Orbital retinoblastoma was managed with a multimodal treatment protocol. Results: Sixty-six percent were &lt;3 years of age. Forty-five percent were bilateral. Symptoms were leucocoria (33%), vision loss (10%), proptosis (6%), and squint (6%). The tumor was intraocular in 94% and orbital in 6%. Management was by protocol and included enucleation (52%), chemoreduction (26%), focal therapy (11%), and external beam radiation (5%). Fifty-five percent of enucleated patients had histopathologic risk factors for metastasis and received adjuvant chemotherapy. Chemoreduction with focal therapy resulted in eye and vision salvage in 92%. Overall, 94% survived. Conclusions: Protocol-based management of retinoblastoma provides excellent prognosis for survival, eye salvage and vision salvage.
Prospective assessment of NGS-detectable mutations in CML patients with nonoptimal response: the NEXT-in-CML study
Authors: Simona Soverini, Luana Bavaro, Caterina De Benedittis, Margherita Martelli, Alessandra Iurlo, Nicola Orofino, Simona Sica, Federica Sorà, Francesca Lunghi, Fabio Ciceri, Sara Galimberti, Claudia Baratè, Massimiliano Bonifacio, Luigi Scaffidi, Fausto Castagnetti, Gabriele Gugliotta, Francesco Albano, Antonella Vita Russo Rossi, Fabio Stagno, Francesco di Raimondo, Mariella D’Adda, Eros di Bona, Elisabetta Abruzzese, Gianni Binotto, Rosaria Sancetta, Marzia Salvucci, Isabella Capodanno, Mariella Girasoli, Sabrina Coluzzi, Immacolata Attolico, Caterina Musolino, Elisabetta Calistri, Mario Annunziata, Monica Bocchia, Stefania Stella, Anna Serra, Santa Errichiello, Giuseppe Saglio, Fabrizio Pane, Paolo Vigneri, Flavio Mignone, Maria Antonella Laginestra, Stefano Aldo Pileri, Antonio Percesepe, Elena Tenti, Gianantonio Rosti, Michele Baccarani, Michele Cavo, Giovanni Martinelli
Journal: Blood (2019)
Measuring two proteins to help assess which melanomas are most likely to spread
Authors: R. Ellis, D. Tang, B. Nasr, A. Greenwood, A. McConnell, M.E. Anagnostou, M. Elias, S. Verykiou, D. Bajwa, T. Ewen, N.J. Reynolds, P. Barrett, E. Carling, G. Watson, J. Armstrong, A.J. Allen, S. Horswell, M. Labus, P.E. Lovat
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Melanoma is the most deadly skin cancer, with a worldwide incidence that increases year on year. A major unmet need is the discovery of means through which to identify patients with early stage melanoma at high risk of disease progression, meaning it will spread elsewhere in the body. This UK study aimed to determine if the loss of two proteins, AMBRA1 and loricrin, in the skin (upper layer of skin epidermis) overlying a melanoma is able to predict which patients are at risk of disease spread. Initially, levels of AMBRA1 were assessed in melanoma biopsies from 79 patients. Results suggested a reduction or loss of AMBRA1 in the overlying epidermis was associated with a higher risk of disease spread. The ability to predict the risk of melanoma progression was improved by measuring combined levels of epidermal loricrin and AMBRA1 (eAMLo). By studying a further 379 melanoma samples with at least 10 years of follow‐up data (which shows what happened to the patient), the authors found that a stage I (early stage) melanoma in which eAMLo was lost was almost four times more likely to spread than a melanoma with maintained eAMLo. Importantly, patients in which eAMLo was retained (i.e. not lost) only had a 1.7% chance of disease progression. A melanoma's thickness is part of how its stage (progression) is measured, and currently, patients with a melanoma greater than 1mm thick are offered a further investigative test called sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). However, a negative result from this invasive procedure does not provide any additional information about the chance of melanoma spread. Importantly, when eAMLo levels were assessed in melanomas eligible for SLNB, results further revealed eAMLo was better at identifying patients at truly low‐risk of disease spread than SLNB alone. Collectively, this study shows that measuring eAMLo will help to show a patient's true risk of a melanoma progression, which will help to guide their ongoing treatment and monitoring. This summary relates to the study: Epidermal autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1 and loricrin: a paradigm shift in the prognostication and stratificatee on Cancer stage I melanomas
Vitamin D, Marine n-3 Fatty Acids, and Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Current Evidence
Authors: JoAnn E. Manson, Shari S. Bassuk, Nancy R. Cook, I-Min Lee, Samia Mora, Christine M. Albert, Julie E. Buring
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)

Whether marine omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) or vitamin D supplementation can prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) in general populations at usual risk for this outcome is unknown. A major goal of VITAL (Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial) was to fill this knowledge gap. In this article, we review the results of VITAL, discuss relevant mechanistic studies regarding n-3 FAs, vitamin D, and vascular disease, and summarize recent meta-analyses of the randomized trial evidence on these agents. VITAL was a nationwide, randomized, placebo-controlled, 2×2 factorial trial of marine n-3 FAs (1 g/d) and vitamin D 3 (2000 IU/d) in the primary prevention of CVD and cancer among 25 871 US men aged ≥50 and women aged ≥55 years, including 5106 blacks. Median treatment duration was 5.3 years. Supplemental n-3 FAs did not significantly reduce the primary cardiovascular end point of major CVD events (composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, and CVD mortality; hazard ratio [HR], 0.92 [95% CI, 0.80–1.06]) but were associated with significant reductions in total myocardial infarction (HR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.59–0.90]), percutaneous coronary intervention (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.63–0.95]), and fatal myocardial infarction (HR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.26–0.97]) but not stroke or other cardiovascular end points. For major CVD events, a treatment benefit was seen in those with dietary fish intake below the cohort median of 1.5 servings/wk (HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.67–0.98]) but not in those above ( P interaction=0.045). For myocardial infarction, the greatest risk reductions were in blacks (HR, 0.23 [95% CI, 0.11–0.47]; P interaction by race, 0.001). Vitamin D supplementation did not reduce major CVD events (HR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.85–1.12]) or other cardiovascular end points. Updated meta-analyses that include VITAL and other recent trials document coronary risk reduction from supplemental marine n-3 FAs but no clear CVD risk reduction from supplemental vitamin D. Additional research is needed to determine which individuals may be most likely to derive net benefit from supplementation. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01169259.
Pretreatment prognostic factors associated with outcomes for first-line FCR-based treatments in previously untreated CLL.
Authors: William G. Wierda, Susan Mary O'Brien, Stefan Faderl, Alessandra Ferrajoli, Jan Andreas Burger, Zeev Estrov, Francesco Paolo Tambaro, Tapan M. Kadia, Susan Lerner, Hagop Kantarjian, Michael J. Keating
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

6517 Background: First-line chemoimmunotherapy with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR) demonstrated improved outcomes, including survival, for fit patients (pts) with CLL. Modifications of this regimen, including intensified rituximab (FCR3), addition of mitoxantrone (FCMR) or addition of alemtuzumab fir high-risk CLL (CFAR), were evaluated but did not improve outcomes in historic comparisons. Methods: We correlated outcomes, including complete remission (CR), time-to-treatment failure (TTF) and overall survival (OS), with new and traditional pretreatment prognostic factors to identify high-risk pts. Results: All pts (N=473) had an NCI-WG indication for treatment and received a first-line FCR-based regimen on trial; the intended treatment was 6 courses. Patient characteristics correlated with outcomes are presented in the table. Factors not associated with outcomes included absolute lymphocyte count; platelet count; performance status; spleen size; liver size; and number of involved lymph node sites. Conclusions: We identified the following as high-risk pretreatment features for patients going on first-line FCR-based therapy: advanced age, presence of 17p del, high B2M (≥4mg/l), and unmutated IGHV gene. Pts with these features should be pursued with new treatment modalities and novel agents in order to improve outcomes. [Table: see text]
Clinical response rates, placebo response rates, and significantly associated covariates are dependent on choice of outcome measure in hidradenitis suppurativa: A post hoc analysis of PIONEER 1 and 2 individual patient data
Authors: John W. Frew, Caroline S. Jiang, Neha Singh, David Grand, Kristina Navrazhina, Roger Vaughan, James G. Krueger
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2019)
Solute Carrier Transporters as Potential Targets for the Treatment of Metabolic Disease
Authors: Tina Schumann, Jörg König, Christine Henke, Diana M. Willmes, Stefan R. Bornstein, Jens Jordan, Martin F. Fromm, Andreas L. Birkenfeld
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2019)

The solute carrier (SLC) superfamily comprises more than 400 transport proteins mediating the influx and efflux of substances such as ions, nucleotides, and sugars across biological membranes. Over 80 SLC transporters have been linked to human diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This observation highlights the importance of SLCs for human (patho)physiology. Yet, only a small number of SLC proteins are validated drug targets. The most recent drug class approved for the treatment of T2D targets sodium–glucose cotransporter 2, product of the <i>SLC5A2</i> gene. There is great interest in identifying other SLC transporters as potential targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Finding better treatments will prove essential in future years, given the enormous personal and socioeconomic burden posed by more than 500 million patients with T2D by 2040 worldwide. In this review, we summarize the evidence for SLC transporters as target structures in metabolic disease. To this end, we identified SLC13A5/sodium-coupled citrate transporter, and recent proof-of-concept studies confirm its therapeutic potential in T2D and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Further SLC transporters were linked in multiple genome-wide association studies to T2D or related metabolic disorders. In addition to presenting better-characterized potential therapeutic targets, we discuss the likely unnoticed link between other SLC transporters and metabolic disease. Recognition of their potential may promote research on these proteins for future medical management of human metabolic diseases such as obesity, fatty liver disease, and T2D. <h3>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</h3> Given the fact that the prevalence of human metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes has dramatically risen, pharmacological intervention will be a key future approach to managing their burden and reducing mortality. In this review, we present the evidence for solute carrier (SLC) genes associated with human metabolic diseases and discuss the potential of SLC transporters as therapeutic target structures.
Long-term overall survival and prognostic score predicting survival: the IMPACT study in precision medicine
Authors: Apostolia-Maria Tsimberidou, David S. Hong, Jennifer J. Wheler, Gerald S. Falchook, Filip Janku, Aung Naing, Siqing Fu, Sarina Piha-Paul, Carrie Cartwright, Russell R. Broaddus, Graciela M. Nogueras Gonzalez, Patrick Hwu, Razelle Kurzrock
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2019)

In 2007, we initiated IMPACT, a precision medicine program for patients referred for participation in early-phase clinical trials. We assessed the correlation of factors, including genomically matched therapy, with overall survival (OS).We performed molecular profiling (Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments) (genes ≤ 182) for patients with lethal/refractory advanced cancers referred to the Phase 1 Clinical Trials Program. Matched therapy, if available, was selected on the basis of genomics. Clinical trials varied over time and included investigational drugs against various targets (single agents or combinations). Patients were followed up for up to 10 years.Of 3487 patients who underwent tumor molecular profiling, 1307 (37.5%) had ≥ 1 alteration and received therapy (matched, 711; unmatched, 596; median age, 57 years; 39% men). Most common tumors were gastrointestinal, gynecologic, breast, melanoma, and lung. Objective response rates were: matched 16.4%, unmatched 5.4% (p < .0001); objective response plus stable disease ≥ 6 months rates were: matched 35.3% and unmatched 20.3%, (p < .001). Respective median progression-free survival: 4.0 and 2.8 months (p < .0001); OS, 9.3 and 7.3 months; 3-year, 15% versus 7%; 10-year, 6% vs. 1% (p < .0001). Independent factors associated with shorter OS (multivariate analysis) were performance status > 1 (p < .001), liver metastases (p < .001), lactate dehydrogenase levels > upper limit of normal (p < .001), PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway alterations (p < .001), and non-matched therapy (p < .001). The five independent factors predicting shorter OS were used to design a prognostic score.Matched targeted therapy was an independent factor predicting longer OS. A score to predict an individual patient's risk of death is proposed.ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00851032, date of registration February 25, 2009.
mRNA structural elements immediately upstream of the start codon dictate dependence upon eIF4A helicase activity
Authors: Joseph A. Waldron, David C. Tack, Laura E. Ritchey, Sarah L. Gillen, Ania Wilczynska, Ernest Turro, Philip C. Bevilacqua, Sarah M. Assmann, Martin Bushell, John Le Quesne
Journal: Genome biology (2019)

Abstract Background The RNA helicase eIF4A1 is a key component of the translation initiation machinery and is required for the translation of many pro-oncogenic mRNAs. There is increasing interest in targeting eIF4A1 therapeutically in cancer, thus understanding how this protein leads to the selective re-programming of the translational landscape is critical. While it is known that eIF4A1-dependent mRNAs frequently have long GC-rich 5′UTRs, the details of how 5′UTR structure is resculptured by eIF4A1 to enhance the translation of specific mRNAs are unknown. Results Using Structure-seq2 and polysome profiling, we assess global mRNA structure and translational efficiency in MCF7 cells, with and without eIF4A inhibition with hippuristanol. We find that eIF4A inhibition does not lead to global increases in 5′UTR structure, but rather it leads to 5′UTR remodeling, with localized gains and losses of structure. The degree of these localized structural changes is associated with 5′UTR length, meaning that eIF4A-dependent mRNAs have greater localized gains of structure due to their increased 5′UTR length. However, it is not solely increased localized structure that causes eIF4A-dependency but the position of the structured regions, as these structured elements are located predominantly at the 3′ end of the 5′UTR. Conclusions By measuring changes in RNA structure following eIF4A inhibition, we show that eIF4A remodels local 5′UTR structures. The location of these structural elements ultimately determines the dependency on eIF4A, with increased structure just upstream of the CDS being the major limiting factor in translation, which is overcome by eIF4A activity.