tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2315: Perceived barriers to early diagnosis of breast cancer in south and southwestern Ethiopia: Qualitative study
Authors: Sefonias Getachew, Adamu Addissie, Aragaw Tesfaw, Lesley Taylor, Eva Kantelhardt
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Background: Early diagnosis is a key determinant of breast cancer prognosis and survival. However, advanced stage presentation and delays in diagnosis are common problems in Ethiopia. More than half of the cases are diagnosed at advanced stages and the barriers to early diagnosis are not well studied in the country. Hence, this study aims to explore perceived barriers to early diagnosis of breast cancer in South and Southwestern Ethiopia. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted from March to April 2018 in six selected public hospitals located both in urban and rural settings. Twenty five purposefully selected breast cancer patients and health care providers from these public hospitals were interviewed. An in-depth interview was conducted using a topic guide by qualitative research experts. A thematic analysis was performed using Open Code software version 4.02. Results: Patient and health system related barriers are two main themes identified for barriers to early diagnosis of breast cancer. Patient related barriers included lack of awareness and knowledge of the disease, beliefs in traditional and religious means of treatments, lack of social and financial support to seek medical care. Health system related barriers included misdiagnosis of cases, long distance referrals due to service inaccessibility, high diagnostic costs, long waiting time, unavailability of screening and diagnostic tests. Conclusion: Early diagnosis of breast cancer is affected by a multitude of barriers in South and Southwestern Ethiopia. Hence, to increase early diagnosis of breast cancer, awareness campaigns and education about the disease, its prevention, and early detection are needed. Opportunities exist to improve early diagnosis and timely treatment by strengthening referral linkages of health care facilities in rural areas. Efforts are needed to decentralize the tertiary level oncology care and improve capacity in local health facilities. Citation Format: Sefonias Getachew, Adamu Addissie, Aragaw Tesfaw, Lesley Taylor, Eva Kantelhardt. Perceived barriers to early diagnosis of breast cancer in south and southwestern Ethiopia: Qualitative study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2315.
BAL Is Safe and Well Tolerated in Individuals with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: An Analysis of the PROFILE Study
Authors: Philip L. Molyneaux, Jonathan J. Smith, Peter Saunders, Felix Chua, Athol U. Wells, Elisabetta A. Renzoni, Andrew G. Nicholson, William A. Fahy, R. Gisli Jenkins, Toby M. Maher
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)
Abstract 18679: Abnormal Stress Induced Changes in Arterial Stiffness in Middle Aged Men and Women With Impaired Fasting Glucose at Risk of Their First Episode of Symptomatic Heart Failure
Authors: Sujethra Vasu, Timothy M Morgan, Dalane W Kitzman, Craig A Hamilton, Caroline Chiles, Sandra Soots, Vinay Thohan, W. Gregory Hundley
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Abnormal arterial stiffness is associated with future heart failure (HF). We hypothesized that abnormal stress associated increase in arterial stiffness may be present in middle aged and elderly individuals with diabetes (DM) or the pre-diabetic state of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) that are at risk for their first episode of symptomatic HF. Methods: We analyzed dobutamine magnetic resonance stress imaging (DMRI) results from 373 consecutively recruited community dwelling individuals aged 55-85 years at risk for but yet to develop symptomatic HF, that had resting LVEF &gt;45% and were without inducible ischemia. According to previously published techniques, personnel blinded to participant identifiers measured arterial stiffness (brachial pulse pressure/left ventricular stroke volume indexed to body surface area (PP/SVI) and the aortic elastance index or EaI (brachial end-systolic pressure/SVI) at rest and peak stress (80% of maximum predicted heart rate response for age). Participants were classified as normal fasting glucose (NFG), IFG or DM according to the ADA criteria. Results: Participants averaged 69 ± 8 years, were 79% white, 92% hypertensive and 66% women. After accounting for hypertension, gender, coronary artery disease, smoking, medications, dyslipidemia and visceral fat, we observed an abnormal paradoxical elevation in PP/SVI and EaI in those with IFG or DM aged 55 to 69 years; whereas in those ≥ 70 years, this abnormal increase was seen in all individuals regardless of their glucose state (Figure 1). Conclusion: Middle aged individuals with DM or the prediabetic state of IFG exhibit abnormal increases in arterial stiffness during dobutamine stress that is similar to elderly individuals’ ≥ 70 years at risk of their first episode of symptomatic heart failure. These data may help to explain why middle aged men and women with DM or IFG are predisposed to stress induced increase in episodic HF.
Abstract 5619: PBMC humanized NSG-(KbDb)null (IA)null mouse model to evaluate immune-oncology drug efficacy
Authors: Li-Chin Yao, Mingshan Cheng, Leonard D. Shultz, James G. Keck
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Multiple types of humanized mouse models using immunodeficient NOD-scid IL2rgnull (NSG) mice have been developed by The Jackson Laboratory for preclinical studies of new cancer therapies. Humanized NSG mice engrafted with both human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and human cancers have been used for evaluating antibody-based therapeutics targeting T cells. Compared to CD34+ HSC-mediated humanization, NSG mice engrafted with PBMC are ready to use more quickly and are more cost-effective. The major limitation of PBMC engrafted NSG is the development of acute xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) due to human T cell activation through mouse MHC class I and class II molecules. The experimental window for drug efficacy evaluation is limited to three-four weeks post PBMC injection and strong xeno-GVHD may hinder drug-induced T cell activation. A new strain lacking murine MHC molecules, NSG-(KbDb)null (IA)null, was created to address this limitation. Here we engrafted non-irradiated adult NSG and MHC double knockout NSG-(KbDb)null (IA)null mice using the same human PBMC donors to compare their survival and engraftment level. We found that most of the MHC deficient mice can survive over 100 days and can support human T cell engraftment. We also evaluated drug efficacy response using checkpoint inhibitors anti-CTLA-4 (lpilimumab) and anti-PDL-1 (Avelumab) in human tumor xenograft models. Anti-CTLA-4 treatment resulted in reduced growth of mantle cell lymphoma Jeko-1. Anti-PDL-1 treatment reduced growth of a melanoma PDX. In consistent with their anti-tumor response, flow analysis showed increased T cell frequency in blood and tumor in the drug treated group when compared to the vehicle control. Additional cancer treatment evaluated in the PBMC engrafted NSG-(KbDb)null (IA)null mice will also be discussed. Citation Format: Li-Chin Yao, Mingshan Cheng, Leonard D. Shultz, James G. Keck. PBMC humanized NSG-(KbDb)null (IA)null mouse model to evaluate immune-oncology drug efficacy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5619.
Systemic effects of fluticasone on blood eosinophils in bronchiectasis
Authors: Brian Lipworth, Rory Chan, Chris RuiWen Kuo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

We read with interest the observations of Aliberti et al. [1] showing that blood eosinophilia predicts the quality of life response to inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP) in bronchiectasis, apparently independently of concomitant asthma or COPD. Pointedly they only appeared to have measured blood eosinophils at baseline and not during treatment with FP. This is pertinent as FP produces dose-dependent suppression of blood eosinophils due to systemic absorption from the lung. Hence, 1 mg of inhaled fluticasone in asthma patients is systemically equivalent to 5.3 mg of oral prednisolone for blood eosinophil suppression and 8.5 mg for cortisol suppression [2]. We would therefore be interested to know if similar improvements in quality of life occur in bronchiectasis in relation to blood eosinophilia with other inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) that exhibit much less systemic glucocorticoid potency, such as budesonide or beclmomethasone [3]. Also, it would be interesting to know if patients with bronchiectasis who have other elevated type-2 biomarkers, such as fractional exhaled nitric oxide, might also benefit from either inhaled FP or other ICS [4]. Fluticasone response in bronchiectasis may be explained by its systemic eosinophil suppression <https://bit.ly/3dDd74E>
Abstract 8638: Acute Massive Mitral Regurgitation Due to Rapture of Chordae Tendineae Affects Infants with High Rates of Mortality and Morbidity: Results From a Japanese Nationwide Survey
Authors: Isao Shiraishi, Heima Sakaguchi, Masataka Kitano, Kenichi Kurosaki, Osamu Yamada, Yoshihiko Ikeda, Takayuki Morisaki, Koichi Sagawa, Hiroyuki Yamagishi, Hitoshi Kato, Toshio Nakanishi, Takaya Hoashi, Koji Kagisaki, Hajime Ichikawa
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Acute massive mitral insufficiency due to rupture of chordae tendineae is a rare but sometimes fatal condition in children. Serious symptoms such as dyspnea or cyanosis suddenly appear in healthy children. Although early diagnosis and appropriate medical and surgical treatments are necessary, this disease has not been well summarized in literatures and has not been well recognized by general pediatricians, either. Since the number of reported cases has been recently increasing in Japan, we have developed a nationwide survey of the disease. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that a Japanese nationwide survey clarifies etiology, clinical characteristics, treatments, and prognosis of the disease. Method: A questionnaire was sent to 511 pediatric institutes in Japan to unveil clinical and laboratory findings, surgical procedures, and prognosis of the patients during the recent 10 years. Results: A total of 88 children's data were analyzed. Males and females were 49 and 39, respectively. The number of patients was increasing during the recent 5 years (peaked in 2009, 17 cases). The age at onset mainly ranged from 4 to 6 months (68 cases, 77%) with a median at 5 months. The average body weight at birth and at onset was 2.97+/-0.48kg and 6.83+/-1.19kg, respectively. Seven patients had a history of Kawasaki disease. Maternal-derived serum anti-SSA antibody was detected in 2 patients. Average values of WBC, CRP, and cardio-thoracic ratio at diagnosis were 17,040+/-8,210/uL and 2.53+/-2.83mg/dl, and 55.4+/-5.8%, respectively. Forty-five patients (51%) underwent mitral valve repair and 25 patients (28%) underwent mitral valve replacement. Histopathological examinations of the mitral tissue were performed in 21 cases, showing mononuclear cell infiltration in 10 cases (48%) and myxoid change in 7 cases (33%). Six patients (6.8%) died before (4 cases) and after (2 cases) surgical operation. Moderate to severe brain damage remained in 10 patients (11%). Conclusions: Acute rupture of mitral chordae tendineae affects infants with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Since the incidence is recently increasing, precise recognition, early diagnosis, and appropriate medical and surgical treatments are strongly recommended.
Abstract 1656: Quantifying task performance with photon-processing detectors
Authors: Luca Caucci, Nicholas P. Henscheid, Harrison H. Barrett
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Purpose. To estimate task performance (e.g., the ability to correctly detect a small lesion in a normal tissue) when the imaging system uses a new class of detectors, called photon-processing detectors. Experimental Procedure. We simulated a single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) system in which multiple cameras image a 3D object from different angles. Each camera uses multiple measurements (e.g., photomultiplier tube outputs) to perform estimation of event parameters (or “attributes”) of each detected gamma-ray photon. Photon attributes, such as position, energy and direction of propagation, are stored at full precision. The likelihood ratio applied to photon-processing data is used to assess task performance for the detection of a signal buried in a random background. Statistical methods (including Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation) are used to calculate the performance of the likelihood ratio on this task. Results. Our results show an improvement with respect to conventional (i.e., pixelated) detectors when photon-processing detectors are used. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is used to assess task performance, and we use this figure-of-merit to compare photon-processing detectors with conventional detectors. Conclusions. Increased performance is observed in the detection of a small lesion when photon-processing detectors are used instead of pixelated detectors. Applications that will benefit from photon-processing detectors include tumor diagnosis, drug development, therapy assessment and the study of tumor metabolism. Citation Format: Luca Caucci, Nicholas P. Henscheid, Harrison H. Barrett. Quantifying task performance with photon-processing detectors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1656.
Pericoronary Adipose Tissue Inflammation on Coronary Computed Tomography in Patients With Vasospastic Angina
Authors: Hiroki Ueno, Masahiro Hoshino, Tomoyo Sugiyama, Yoshihisa Kanaji, Kai Nogami, Tomoki Horie, Masao Yamaguchi, Masahiro Hada, Yohei Sumino, Toru Misawa, Hidenori Hirano, Taishi Yonetsu, Tetsuo Sasano, Tsunekazu Kakuta
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2020)
AB0057 Postoperative arthrocentesis and lavage of the knee joint in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis
Authors: AN Atanasov, PC Solakov, SI Kuzmanova, K Klinkanov, SA Andreev
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> The postoperative arthrocentesis (PA) and lavage (L) usually have an obligatory character after preformed arthroscopic synovectomy (AS) and debridment in RA or OA knee joints synovitis. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of the study is to establish the effect of the postoperative arthrocentesis and lavage within 7 days after an arthroscopic synovectomy and debridment of the knee joint in RA and OA patients. The arthroscopic synovectomy was performed in the Clinic of Rheumatology in Plovdiv. <h3>Methods</h3> The study includes 127 patients (73 RA and 54 OA knees). After the synovectomy a tidal lavage was done with 4‑5L saline (Arthrotek-BiometInc. USA). During the early postoperative period within 7 days in case of a significant hydrops, tenderness and pain of the knee joint, an arthrocenteis was performed followed by an evacuation of the synovial fluid and lavage with 60‑100 mL saline. <h3>Results</h3> Postoperative arthrocentesis and lavage was performed in all patients investigated as presented on Table 1. In 16 patients a single arthrocentesis, in 67 patients double and in 44 patients triple arthrocenteses in the early postoperative period were needed. Improvement of the range of motion was detected in all patients but a marked improvement was establish in the single procedure patients compared to those with triple (p &lt; 0.001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> In the patients who underwent an arthroscopic synovectomy of the knee joint was necessary to be performed most frequently two or three times postoperative arthrocenteses and lavage. An early improvement of the range of motion, as well as a postoperative recovery are achieved, especially in the single procedure RA and OA patients. <h3>References</h3> Ayral X, Dougados M. Joint lavage. <i>Rev Rhumatisme (Engl</i>. Ed.). 1995;62:281–7 Ike R, Arnold WJ, Rotschild EW, <i>et al</i>. Tiadl irrigation versus conservating medical menagement in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. J Rheumatol. 1992;19:772–9
Mapping Human Vulnerability to Extreme Heat: A Critical Assessment of Heat Vulnerability Indices Created Using Principal Components Analysis
Authors: Kathryn C. Conlon, Evan Mallen, Carina J. Gronlund, Veronica J. Berrocal, Larissa Larsen, Marie S. O’Neill
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2020)

BACKGROUND: Extreme heat poses current and future risks to human health.Heat vulnerability indices (HVIs), commonly developed using principal components analysis (PCA), are mapped to identify populations vulnerable to extreme heat.Few studies critically assess implications of analytic choices made when employing this methodology for fine-scale vulnerability mapping.OBJECTIVE: We investigated sensitivity of HVIs created by applying PCA to input variables and whether training input variables on heat-health data produced HVIs with similar spatial vulnerability patterns for Detroit, Michigan, USA.METHODS: We acquired 2010 Census tract and block group level data, land cover data, daily ambient apparent temperature, and all-cause mortality during May-September, 2000-2009.We used PCA to construct HVIs using: a) "unsupervised"-PCA applied to variables selected a priori as risk factors for heat-related health outcomes; b) "supervised"-PCA applied only to variables significantly correlated with proportion of all-cause mortality occurring on extreme heat days (i.e., days with 2-d mean apparent temperature above month-specific 95th percentiles).RESULTS: Unsupervised and supervised HVIs yielded differing spatial vulnerability patterns, depending on selected land cover input variables.Supervised PCA explained 62% of variance in the input variables and was applied on half the variables used in the unsupervised method.Census tract-level supervised HVI values were positively associated with increased proportion of mortality occurring on extreme heat days; supervised PCA could not be applied to block group data.Unsupervised HVI values were not associated with extreme heat mortality for either tracts or block groups.DISCUSSION: HVIs calculated using PCA are sensitive to input data and scale.Supervised HVIs may provide marginally more specific indicators of heat vulnerability than unsupervised HVIs.PCA-derived HVIs address correlation among vulnerability indicators, although the resulting output requires careful contextual interpretation beyond generating epidemiological research questions.Methods with reliably stable outputs should be leveraged for prioritizing heat interventions.
The epidemiology of hidradenitis suppurativa*
Authors: John R. Ingram
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease defined clinically by multiple, painful inflammatory lesions occurring predominantly in flexural sites. Onset is typically soon after puberty; however, it remains unknown whether the menopause induces remission. In North American and European patients with HS the female‐to‐male ratio is approximately 3 : 1 but the ratio is 1 : 2 in South Korean patients. It may be that some elements of HS epidemiology cannot be generalized across all populations. Elements of HS epidemiology in the USA and Europe are well established, including strong associations with obesity and smoking, which may increase disease severity. There are associations between HS and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. People with HS have double the risk of death from CVD compared with those without HS and 1·5 times the risk compared with patients with psoriasis. Depression and anxiety are associated with HS and completed suicide rates in those with HS are more than double the rates in controls. Associations exist between HS and other chronic inflammatory conditions, particularly inflammatory bowel disease and inflammatory arthritis. Case–control studies demonstrate associations with pilonidal sinus, polycystic ovary syndrome, Down syndrome, obstructive sleep apnoea and pyoderma gangrenosum. Population‐based studies using routinely collected healthcare data from the USA estimate a prevalence of 0·1%, suggesting HS is relatively uncommon. European studies include undiagnosed patients and typically estimate prevalence of 1% or more, suggesting a common condition. Resolving the controversy surrounding a greater than 10‐fold difference in HS prevalence estimates remains a high priority.
OP0074 Platelet cd40 l expression in sle and antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: A Perniok, A Messis, C Specker, W Krone, M Schneider
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> CD40-CD40Ligand interaction is a crucial costimulatory factor in T-cell mediated B-cell activation. Intervention into this system allows efficiant modulation of immune respone in transplantation and autoimmunity e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Recently CD40L (CD154) has been described as a novel antigen on activated platelets with impact towards thrombus formation and interplay with endothelial cells. Altered platelet CD40 L expression was already described in procoagulatory situations like instable angina pectoris. <h3>Objectives</h3> As platelet activation by phospholipid antibodies is found in SLE and especially in Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) we analysed CD40L expression in SLE and secondary APS. <h3>Methods</h3> Using flowcytometric whole blood and platelet rich plasma double staining assay systems we analysed CD40 L expression. PE labelled CD40L (cloneTRAP1, Pharmingen) was employed, FITC-CD42b as detection system for platelets. 40 patients with diagnosis of SLE were included into this study, among them 10 with secondary APS and compared to 15 normal healthy donors (NHD). Results were analysed using Cellquest software (Becton Dickinson, San Jose, USA) differrenciating single from aggregated platelets under nonstimulatory and stimularory conditions (thrombin 30 uM, ADP 10 uM). <h3>Results</h3> We found that CD 40 L expression was higher on aggregated compared to single platelets, where fluorescence means were close to baseline. We compared the whole blood method with platelet rich plasma and found lower background activity in whole blood test. Using established stimulators of platelets we could increase CD40L expression on platelets, espescially on aggregated platelets. Analysing CD40L expression in SLE patients we found no significant difference between SLE and NHD, neither on single or on aggregated platelets nor upon stimulation with ADP or thrombin. High CD40 L expression was observed in APS with highly significant differences compared to NHD and SLE analysing single platelets ((NHD &lt; APS (p &lt; 0,0001) SLE &lt; APS (p &lt; 0,0001)) as well as aggregated platelets. Upon stimulation with thrombin or ADP results were comparable indicating significantly higher CD40 L expression on platelets. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We first describe high CD40 L expression on single and aggregated platelets in APS establishing CD40L as a novel platelet activation marker in APS. Interplay between CD40L on platelets and endothelial cells may contribute to procoagulatory conditions in APS. On the other hand we could not show altered CD40L expression in patients with SLE without clinical APS.