tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
“If you don’t ask, you won’t know”: Do patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments capture the symptom experience of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)?
Authors: Brooke Peterson Gabster, Evan Thomas Hall, Surbhi Singhal, James Dickerson, Lidia Schapira
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

11579 Background: PROs are increasingly used as a key tool in patient-focused treatment decisions. However, many cancer PROs were designed to capture the patient experience of those treated with chemotherapeutic agents. Less is known about the utility of PRO instruments in assessing symptoms from ICIs. Methods: We systematically searched the literature to identify peer-reviewed publications that reported PROs for patients receiving ICIs. We excluded case reports/series, narrative reviews, and publications without original data. We then selected the studies that compared ICIs to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Clinician-documented adverse events (AEs) occurring in at least 10% of patients in a study arm were extracted and examined for concordance with symptoms included in the PROs administered to study patients. Results: Of 1,450 identified studies, eight met criteria for inclusion. Seven assessed PROs with the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), six used the EuroQOL EQ-5D, and one used the Lung Cancer Symptom Scale (LCSS). Across the studies, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, appetite loss, diarrhea, constipation, pruritus, rash, and pyrexia were among the most common clinician-documented AEs. Of these AEs, six are directly correlated with questions on the PRO instruments, and three (pruritus, rash, and pyrexia) are not. AEs with corresponding PRO questions were more common in chemotherapy patients. Pruritus, rash, and pyrexia – AEs without corresponding PRO questions – were more common in patients treated with ICIs (see Table). Conclusions: Existing PRO instruments do not specifically query important symptoms associated with ICIs, underscoring the need to revise the instruments to more appropriately reflect the toxicity profiles of novel agents. [Table: see text]
THU0135 Cardiac involvement in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). has it changed?
Authors: MJ Banks, F Ahmed, EJ Flint, PR Forsey, PA Bacon, GD Kitas
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Rheumatoid Heart Disease (RHD) (pericarditis, myocarditis, endocarditis) has been reported in 30–40% of RA patients in several echocardiographic studies conducted before the era of aggressive, early therapy with disease-modifying drugs (DMARDs). <h3>Objectives</h3> We assessed whether the recent therapeutic trend of early DMARD therapy has had an impact on the prevalence of cardiac complications of RA, compared with historical controls. <h3>Methods</h3> 52 RA out-patients (19 males, 33 females) with a mean disease duration of 11.7 yrs who had received DMARD therapy within 12 months of symptom onset (6 months since diagnosis) were assessed echocardiographically. Pericardial disease was defined as pericardial thickening (&gt;5 mm) or effusion. Endocardial disease was defined as either mitral or aortic valve thickening or calcification. <h3>Results</h3> Endocardial disease was seen in 12 (23.1%), pericardial disease in 11 (21.2%), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in 24 (46%). Left ventricular systolic function was abnormal in 3 patients (6%) due to regional wall motion abnormalities due to previous myocardial infarction. Assessment of myocardial disease was confounded by the high prevalence of LVH. There was no significant difference between males and females. Historical controls are shown in the Table 1. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The prevalence of pericardial and endocardial disease appears lower than that of historical controls. As with other extra-articular disease manifestations, earlier use of DMARDs may have had an advantageous impact on the development of cardiac complications of RA.
Transcriptionally active HERV-H retrotransposons demarcate topologically associating domains in human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Yanxiao Zhang, Ting Li, Sebastian Preissl, Maria Luisa Amaral, Jonathan D. Grinstein, Elie N. Farah, Eugin Destici, Yunjiang Qiu, Rong Hu, Ah Young Lee, Sora Chee, Kaiyue Ma, Zhen Ye, Quan Zhu, Hui Huang, Rongxin Fang, Leqian Yu, Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte, Jun Wu, Sylvia M. Evans, Neil C. Chi, Bing Ren
Journal: Nature Genetics (2019)
Aggregating Pancreatic Cancer Care to Specialized Centers—A High-Value Decision?
Authors: Roxanne L. Massoumi, O. Joe Hines
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Understanding the Economic Costs of Diabetes and Prediabetes and What We May Learn About Reducing the Health and Economic Burden of These Conditions
Authors: Joan M. O’Connell, Spero M. Manson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

Over 30 million people suffered from diabetes in 2015, representing 9.4% of the entire U.S. population and 12.2% of all adults (1). One in four of these people did not know they had diabetes (1). Furthermore, in the same year, approximately 84.1 million U.S. adults—over a third of U.S. adults (33.9%)—were believed to have prediabetes, 90% of whom were also unaware of their condition (1). The high prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (6.0%) among women who gave birth in 2016 further underscores the seriousness of this epidemic (2).

The burden of diabetes is not uniformly shared, varying by age, education, income, location, race/ethnicity, and other social determinants of health (SDOH) (1–6). Greater burden is evident among adults with lower educational attainment and household income than among adults of higher socioeconomic status (1,3), disparities that have widened over time (3). In 2015, compared with non-Hispanic whites (7.4%), the age-adjusted prevalence of diagnosed diabetes was higher among American Indian and Alaska Native adults (15.1%), non-Hispanic black adults (12.7%), adults of Hispanic ethnicity (12.1%), and Asian adults (8.0%) (1). The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes (4,5), prediabetes (7), and GDM (2,6) also varied by SDOH.

Federal, state, and local governments—ultimately, taxpayers—bear the brunt of diabetes-related costs. For example, Medicare’s diabetes-related burden increased during recent years as the prevalence of diabetes increased (8). Updated, comprehensive information on the economic burden of diabetes-related conditions is critical for governments, employers, other health payers, and health care providers to assess opportunities for improving service delivery and, ultimately, health outcomes.

Dall et al. (9) updated and expanded the American Diabetes …
Randomized phase II study of pharmacodynamic separation (PDS) of pemetrexed (Pem) and erlotinib (Erl) versus pem alone in patients (pts) with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Authors: Tianhong Li, Bilal Piperdi, William Vincent Walsh, Mimi Kim, Rasim Gucalp, Missak Haigentz, Venu Gopal Bathini, Xiaoxia Wu, Patricia Pasquinelli, Srikanth Gajavelli, Meera Sreedhara, Laurel A Beckett, Primo Lara, David R. Gandara, Roman Perez-Soler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

8097 Background: Preclinical and phase I studies showed that PDS optimizes cytotoxicity of concurrent EGFR inhibitors and chemotherapy. We conducted a randomized phase II trial to assess relative efficacy of Pem alone (Arm A) versus Pem +Erl on a PDS dose-schedule (Arm B) as 2nd-line therapy in pts with advanced NSCLC (NCT00950365). Methods: Eligible pts were randomized 2:1 (Arm B: A), stratified by sex, smoking history, and performance status (0/1 vs 2). Accrual was restricted to non-squamous histology in 2009. Treatment: Arm A – Pem 500 mg/m 2 IV on day 1; Arm B – Pem + Erl 150 mg po QD on days 2-17. 1 cycle = 3 weeks. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). 50 pts in Arm B were needed to detect an increase in median PFS from ~3 to 4.5 months. Results: 83 pts were entered. Age: 63 yo. Female: 42 (53%). Smoking ≥15PY: 58 (72%). Nonsquamous: 78 (99%). The primary endpoint of the study was met: Efficacy results from 79 eligible pts showed 1.6-fold longer PFS in Arm B (4.6 m) compared to Arm A (2.8 m). Although the study was not designed to directly compare two arms, p value was 0.052. Toxicity: G3/4 Hem (A/B): 8(30%)/12(23%); Neutropenia with infection (A/B): 0/3(6%). G3/4 Non-Hem (A/B): skin rash: 0/3(6%); diarrhea: 0/2(4%); joint pain: 1(4%)/6(11.5%). Treatment related death (A/B): 0/1. Interstitial lung disease (A/B): 0/1. Conclusions: PDS of Pem and Erl is well tolerated and has promising clinical activity in 2nd-line non-squamous NSCLC. Ongoing correlative studies aim to identify a subgroup of patients who might benefit most from this treatment, which will guide the design of a confirmatory phase III study. (UL1 RR024146, P30CA093373, Lilly, Astellas) Clinical trial information: NCT00950365. [Table: see text]
Neuregulin-1 stimulates angiogenesis via paracrine up-regulation of VEGF-A expression
Authors: Erika Iivanainen, Satu-Maria Heikkinen, Teemu T. Junttila, Peter Klint, Lena Claesson-Welsh, Yihai Cao, Klaus Elenius
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

3865  The formation of new blood vessels is regulated by interactions between vascular endothelial cells (EC) and other cell types surrounding ECs. These paracrine interactions are important for the formation of mature blood vessels. We have previously shown that heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is expressed by ECs and promotes endothelial recruitment of vascular smooth muscle cells. To analyze whether other members of the EGF-family are expressed in ECs and have a role in the paracrine regulation of angiogenesis, the expression of 10 EGF-like growth factors in primary ECs was analyzed. In addition to HB-EGF, neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) was expressed in primary ECs, as well as in ECs in vivo. Furthermore, the expression of NRG-1 by ECs was induced by hypoxia. NRG-1 was also angiogenic in vivo in mouse corneal pocket assays. However, consistent with the lack of NRG-1 receptors ErbB3 and ErbB4 in several primary EC lines, NRG-1 did not directly stimulate cellular responses, such as proliferation, migration, or tube formation, in cultured ECs. In contrast recombinant NRG-1 stimulated expression of VEGF-A in keratinocytes, and conditioned medium from NRG-1-treated keratinocytes promoted EC migration and proliferation in a VEGF-A-dependent mechanism. These results indicate that EC-derived NRG-1 stimulates angiogenesis by an indirect mechanism involving paracrine up-regulation of VEGF-A.
Letter by Shakiba and Mansournia Regarding Article, “Associations of Income Volatility With Incident Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality in a US Cohort: 1990 to 2015”
Authors: Maryam Shakiba, Mohammad Ali Mansournia
Journal: Circulation (2019)

To the Editor: Elfassy and colleagues 1 investigated the association of income volatility with incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in the United States.We congratulate Elfassy and colleagues for bringing the very important unnoticed financial issue to the forefront of public health.We have some comments to propose.First, using the longitudinal repeated-measurement data set of CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study), they defined income volatility as a single measure.They categorized the percent change of inflation-adjusted income from 1990 to 2000 to tertiles of low, medium, and high volatility.Using tertiles instead of actual scores may induce biased impression of dose-response, reduce power, and change nondifferential measurement error to differential. 2 Moreover, income volatility can be calculated at each visit and considered as a time-varying exposure with values changing over time that provide more precise measurement of the variable and better reveal economic fluctuation in time. 3Second, in their model 3, the authors adjusted for baseline body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, elevated depressive symptoms, and second-visit fasting glucose.But, similar to income volatility, these variables also have values that change over time.Although the authors adjusted for cumulative time-varying covariates in sensitivity analysis, this type of adjustment ignores the variation of these covariates over the study visit.Furthermore, there is a feedback between some of the time-varying confounders and income volatility.For example, blood pressure affects future productivity and income through absenteeism, presenteeism, and critical work incidents, 4 and, at the same time, it can be affected by previous income as clearly stated by the authors through behavioral changes, psychological stress, or access to medical care.Elfassy and colleagues adjusted for these confounders using the conventional Cox regression model which has been shown to provide biased estimates of time-varying exposure effect in the presence of timevarying confounders affected by previous exposure attributable to overadjustment bias and collider-stratification bias.Innovative causal g-methods, including g-estimation, parametric g-formula, and inverse probability-of-treatment weighting, can overcome the bias by properly adjusting for time-varying confounders. 3,
Molecular correlates of cerebellar mutism syndrome in medulloblastoma
Authors: Rashad Jabarkheel, Nisreen Amayiri, Derek Yecies, Yuhao Huang, Sebastian Toescu, Liana Nobre, Donald J Mabbott, Sniya V Sudhakar, Prateek Malik, Suzanne Laughlin, Maisa Swaidan, Maysa Al Hussaini, Awni Musharbash, Geeta Chacko, Leni G Mathew, Paul G Fisher, Darren Hargrave, Ute Bartels, Uri Tabori, Stefan M Pfister, Kristian Aquilina, Michael D Taylor, Gerald A Grant, Eric Bouffet, Kshitij Mankad, Kristen W Yeom, Vijay Ramaswamy
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS) is a common complication following resection of posterior fossa tumors, most commonly after surgery for medulloblastoma. Medulloblastoma subgroups have historically been treated as a single entity when assessing CMS risk; however, recent studies highlighting their clinical heterogeneity suggest the need for subgroup-specific analysis. Here, we examine a large international multicenter cohort of molecularly characterized medulloblastoma patients to assess predictors of CMS.We assembled a cohort of 370 molecularly characterized medulloblastoma subjects with available neuroimaging from 5 sites globally, including Great Ormond Street Hospital, Christian Medical College and Hospital, the Hospital for Sick Children, King Hussein Cancer Center, and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital. Age at diagnosis, sex, tumor volume, and CMS development were assessed in addition to molecular subgroup.Overall, 23.8% of patients developed CMS. CMS patients were younger (mean difference -2.05 years ± 0.50, P = 0.0218) and had larger tumors (mean difference 10.25 cm3 ± 4.60, P = 0.0010) that were more often midline (odds ratio [OR] = 5.72, P < 0.0001). In a multivariable analysis adjusting for age, sex, midline location, and tumor volume, Wingless (adjusted OR = 4.91, P = 0.0063), Group 3 (adjusted OR = 5.56, P = 0.0022), and Group 4 (adjusted OR = 8.57 P = 9.1 × 10-5) tumors were found to be independently associated with higher risk of CMS compared with sonic hedgehog tumors.Medulloblastoma subgroup is a very strong predictor of CMS development, independent of tumor volume and midline location. These findings have significant implications for management of both the tumor and CMS.
Association of Parental Incarceration With Psychiatric and Functional Outcomes of Young Adults
Authors: Elizabeth J. Gifford, Lindsey Eldred Kozecke, Megan Golonka, Sherika N. Hill, E. Jane Costello, Lilly Shanahan, William E. Copeland
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

<h3>Importance</h3> In 2016, an estimated 8% of US children younger than 18 years had experienced the incarceration of a parent, and rates were substantially higher among children from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds and disadvantaged groups. Little is known about whether parental incarceration during childhood is associated with adult psychiatric problems and functional outcomes. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine whether parental incarceration is associated with increased levels of psychiatric diagnosis and poor outcomes in health, legal, financial, and social domains in adulthood. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cohort study used data from the community-representative, prospective, longitudinal Great Smoky Mountains Study. Children and their parents were interviewed up to 8 times from January 1993 to December 2000 (ages 9-16 years; 6674 observations of 1420 participants) using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment, which assessed parental incarceration, childhood psychiatric diagnoses, and other adversities. Young adults were followed up at ages 19, 21, 25, and 30 years from January 1999 to December 2015 (4556 observations of 1334 participants) to assess psychiatric diagnoses and functional outcomes indicative of a disrupted transition to adulthood. Data analysis was conducted from June 2018 to June 2019. <h3>Results</h3> By age 16 years, 475 participants (weighted percentage, 23.9%) had a parental figure who had been incarcerated, including 259 young men (22.2%) and 216 young women (25.5%). Parental incarceration was associated with higher prevalence of childhood psychiatric diagnoses (eg, any depressive diagnosis: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.5; 95% CI, 1.3-4.6;<i>P</i> = .006; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: aOR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.0-5.5;<i>P</i> = .06; and conduct disorder: aOR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.4-4.3;<i>P</i> = .001). After accounting for childhood psychiatric diagnoses and adversity exposure, parental incarceration remained associated with increased odds of having an adult anxiety disorder (aOR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0-3.0;<i>P</i> = .04), having an illicit drug use disorder (aOR, 6.6; 95% CI, 2.6-17.0;<i>P</i> &lt; .001), having a felony charge (aOR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.8-6.5;<i>P</i> &lt; .001), incarceration (aOR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.4-5.4;<i>P</i> = .003), not completing high school (aOR, 4.4; 95% CI, 2.2-8.8;<i>P</i> &lt; .001), early parenthood (aOR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0-3.0;<i>P</i> = .04), and being socially isolated (aOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2-4.0;<i>P</i> = .009). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This study suggests that parental incarceration is associated with a broad range of psychiatric, legal, financial, and social outcomes during young adulthood. Parental incarceration is a common experience that may perpetuate disadvantage from generation to generation.
Cryptic genomic lesions in adverse-risk acute myeloid leukemia identified by integrated whole genome and transcriptome sequencing
Authors: Jaeseung C. Kim, Philip C. Zuzarte, Tracy Murphy, Michelle Chan-Seng-Yue, Andrew M. K. Brown, Paul M. Krzyzanowski, Adam C. Smith, Faiyaz Notta, Mark D. Minden, John D. McPherson
Journal: Leukemia (2019)

Author(s): Kim, Jaeseung C; Zuzarte, Philip C; Murphy, Tracy; Chan-Seng-Yue, Michelle; Brown, Andrew MK; Krzyzanowski, Paul M; Smith, Adam C; Notta, Faiyaz; Minden, Mark D; McPherson, John D
The evaluation of long term follow-up (LTFU) of children with osteosarcoma: The first report from a center in a developing country.
Authors: Nurdan Tacyildiz, Emel Cabi Unal, Handan Dincaslan, Mine cakmak Tokuc, Gulsah Oktay Tanyildiz, Omer Kartal, Yusuf Yildiz, Kerem Basarir, Gulsan Yavuz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

e21512 Background: The increased survival rate of childhood cancers resulted in long term side effects (LTSE). The aim was to investigate LTSE in our osteosarcoma survivors and compare the quality of life (QOL criteria with their own siblings as a developing country experience with no National LTFU guideline yet . Methods: At Ankara University Department of Pediatric Oncology 54 osteosarcoma pts have been followed between 2003- 2019 . Rate of heart, kidney disease, hearing difficulty, neurological problems, Life style parameters like; smoking, alcohol consumption, marital status, parenthood, education, the use of health care services and pain status of the 39 survivors were compared with their siblings (n = 77). Amputated and non-amputated groups were compared for QOL. Information obtained retrospectively from the patient charts, and phone calls. Kaplan-Meier, Chi-square, independent sample t-test were used. Results: The age and gender ratios were similar in the groups. The 16-year overall survival rate (OSR) was 72.4%. Patients with the poor risk criteria were in the Euramos MAP + IE regimen with 71.4% OSR ; 94.1%, in the low risk patients in Euramos MAP (p = 0.023) and 50.0% in the previous HDMTX regimens (p = 0.012). The rates of kidney (p = 0.045), heart disease (p &lt; 0.001), neurological problems (p = 0.045), use of health care services (p &lt; 0.001), limitations of physical function (p &lt; 0.001) and pain (p = 0.002) were significantly higher in the survivors than siblings. The physical functions were normal in 76 siblings (98.7%) and in 14 of the survivors (35.9%) (p &lt; 0.001). Being married (p = 0.001), having parenthood (p &lt; 0.001), educated (p = 0.014) and employed (p &lt; 0.001) were significantly higher in the siblings than in the survivors. The rates of hearing problems, smoking, alcohol consumption and psychiatric problems were similar in both groups. Secondary malignancy (1 leukemia, 1 bone tumor) was detected in two survivors while no cancer was found in the control group. The OS was 55.6% and 75.6% respectively in patients with amputation and with no amputation with no significant difference in the QOL (p = 0.424). Conclusions: Heart, neurological and kidney disease, physical dysfunction, and pain rates were significantly higher in survivors of osteosarcoma than their siblings in almost 2 decades. The social status (marriage, parenthood, education) of the survivors was also found to be markedly affected negatively. As we planned, development of risk-based LTFU guidelines are required to increase QOL during LTFU of these patients in our country.