tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Editorial: Adequacy of dialysis
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Cost/benefit considerations often enter into the making of many therapeutic decisions. Sometimes when the alternative to benefit is certain death, the decision is simplified. The public or private sector of our humane society will assist the threatened individual. Life must be preserved at all costs. But, even in desperate situations, cost becomes an important decisional factor, if a choice exists between two or more life-sustaining measures. Decisions then have to be made on the basis of comparative cost, and this is no simple matter, as is well illustrated in the treatment of renal failure. Hemodialysis and renal transplantation often compete for priority of choice in advanced renal failure. Each of these two treatment modalities carries its own complex of costs and benefits. The benefits of renal transplantation are obvious. Patients with successfully grafted kidneys do not depend on a machine—a psychological bonus of no small moment. They have greater freedom
Comparative impact of pharmacological treatments for gestational diabetes on neonatal anthropometry independent of maternal glycaemic control: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jane L. Tarry-Adkins, Catherine E. Aiken, Susan E. Ozanne
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2020)

Fetal growth in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is directly linked to maternal glycaemic control; however, this relationship may be altered by oral anti-hyperglycaemic agents. Unlike insulin, such drugs cross the placenta and may thus have independent effects on fetal or placental tissues. We investigated the association between GDM treatment and fetal, neonatal, and childhood growth.
Predator and Prey
Authors: Laurence J. Purdy
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The day after the shooting, I woke to the sound of mockingbirds and blue jays. While sipping coffee and reading the newspaper in the quiet of my morning, I took a moment to gaze at the panorama of the Pomona Valley and the chaparralcovered hills to the west. When the sun turned the hillside golden, I began to see deer grazing. Hummingbirds, already at work, were darting among the flowers of a blossoming century plant. From my breakfast window, when the valley is clear, I can see the hospital in the distance. Life is much different down there. There are no glimpses of deer or chatter of birds. The newspaper articles I read are about as close as I ever get to the people who live near my hospital. My job as pathologist, however, delivers me and my presumed good fortune into a restless discomfort with the violent and unnecessary
Mechanisms of nicotine-induced resistance to treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy
Authors: G. W. Warren, M. Kudrimoti, R. McGarry, S. Arnold, V. Rangnekar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e22008 Background: Nicotine (NIC), used for smoking cessation in cancer patients, is associated with increased tumor growth, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, growth factor production, and inhibition of apoptosis. The effects of NIC on the efficacy of radiotherapy (XRT) and/or chemotherapy (CT) have not been well characterized. Methods: A review of the literature produced a construct demonstrating that NIC generates more than 100 interactions with 40 proteins involved in tumor promotion and progression. From this construct, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), PI3K/Akt, and MAPK were identified as potential critical upstream targets modulating the effects of NIC. The effect of NIC on cell proliferation, cell survival, and protein activation was analyzed following CT, XRT, or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in FaDu, A549, and H460 human cancer cell lines. Results: Proliferation measured with the WST-1 (tetrazolium) assay demonstrated that NIC increased proliferation following cisplatin, XRT, and cisplatin with XRT. NIC administration increased cell survival (colony survival) following XRT and following CT (cisplatin, doxorubicin, or etoposide) regimens in all cell lines. nAChR expression was verified in each cell line using Western blot. Non-specific inhibition of nAChR demonstrated no consistent effect on preventing NIC induced resistance to CT, XRT, or CRT; however, specific inhibition of the alpha-3- or alpha-7-nAChR had variable cell specific ability to prevent NIC induced resistance. Inhibition of MAPK activity (using PD98059) produced marked reduction in proliferation of all cell lines, but generally had no effect on NIC induced resistance. PI3K inhibition (using LY294002) generally increased sensitivity to cisplatin and XRT; however, some PI3K activity was required to achieve the full effect of cisplatin. NIC prevented LY294002 induced sensitization to chemotherapy with no effect on sensitization to XRT. Conclusions: Nicotine induces a broad spectrum of resistance to CT, XRT, and CRT and serves as an excellent model of treatment resistance. Mechanisms of NIC induced resistance to CT and XRT appear to diverge. These findings have significant clinical implications including smoking cessation, treatment efficacy, and outcomes research in cancer patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
175P Real-world patient and practice characteristics associated with use of CDK4/6 inhibitors among patients receiving first therapy for HR+/HER2- advanced or metastatic breast cancer in Italy and Germany
Authors: S. de Placido, S. Brucker, E. Law, M. Ajmera, D. Mitra, K.L. Davis, N. Harbeck, M. De Laurentiis
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Mouse Model of Gaucher Disease
Authors: Elaine M. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Advances in drug development for targeted therapies for glioblastoma
Authors: Ge Yan, Yunfu Wang, Jincao Chen, Wenzhong Zheng, Changzhen Liu, Shi Chen, Lianrong Wang, Jie Luo, Zhiqiang Li
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2020)

Abstract Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. The prognosis of patients with primary glioblastoma treated with the current standard of care, tumor resection followed by radiation therapy and auxiliary temozolomide, remains poor. Integrative genomic analyses have identified essential core signaling pathways and frequent genetic aberrations, which provide potential drug targets for glioblastoma treatment. Drugs against these therapeutic targets have been developed rapidly in recent years. Although some have shown promising effects on models in preclinical studies, many have shown only modest efficacy in clinical trials. New therapeutic strategies and potent drugs are urgently needed to improve the prognosis of patients with glioblastoma. The goal of this review is to summarize the current advances in drug development for targeted glioblastoma therapies and to reveal the major challenges encountered in clinical trials or treatment. This study will provide new perspectives for future studies of targeted therapeutic drug development and provide insights into the clinical treatment of glioblastoma.
Emerging therapeutic agents for advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ruqin Chen, Rami Manochakian, Lauren James, Abdel-Ghani Azzouqa, Huashan Shi, Yan Zhang, Yujie Zhao, Kexun Zhou, Yanyan Lou
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2020)

Advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, with a poor prognosis and no known cure. Survival time is often short because of limited treatment options. Recent advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy have changed the landscape for the treatment of advanced NSCLC. In the last 10 years, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved more than 17 new medications for this devastating disease and more are coming. Molecular and immunogenic testing makes personalized medicine possible for patients with advanced NSCLC. The new medications provide promising efficacy and safety resulting in improved long-term survival for a significant number of patients. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in advanced/metastatic NSCLC therapeutics with a specific focus on first in-human or early-phase I/II clinical trials. These drugs either offer better alternatives to current standard drugs in the same class or are a completely new class of drugs with novel mechanisms of action. Advances are divided into (1) targeted agents, (2) antibody-drug conjugates, and (3) immunotherapies. Finally, we present a brief review of the emerging agents and ongoing clinical studies.
12P Gene expression profiling in early breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant ribociclib plus letrozole (R+L) versus chemotherapy (CT): A correlative analysis of the SOLTI-1402/CORALLEEN phase II trial
Authors: N. Chic, B. González-Farré, L. Paré, T. Pascual, C. Saura, C. Hernando Melia, M. Muñoz, P. Fernandez, D. Martínez, E. Sanfeliu, F. Brasó-Maristany, X. González-Farré, M. Oliveira, M. Gil-Gil, P. Celiz, E.M. Ciruelos, P. Villagrasa, J. Gavila Gregori, A. Prat
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
The predictive potential of circulating microRNA for future cardiovascular events
Authors: Jason L Johnson
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2020)

This editorial refers to 'High miR-133a levels in the circulation anticipates presentation of clinical events in familial hypercholesterolaemia patients' by R. Escate et al., pp.109-122.Non-coding RNAs have received considerable attention within the cardiovascular research field over the last decade, especially the short noncoding RNA class commonly termed as microRNA (miRNA, miR).MicroRNAs are approximately 18-22 nucleotides in length and predicted to post-transcriptionally control 60-90% of protein-coding genes through inhibiting translation or promoting degradation of target messenger (m)RNA. 1.2 Importantly, a single microRNA can potentially target a large number of genes, 1 explaining why there are far less microRNAs than target genes, and there is evidence that multiple targets exist within the same functional networks.As such, mature microRNA possess the potential to play a central role in regulating cellular function, while their spatial and temporal expression patterns provide clues to their function. 1.2 Accordingly, microRNAs are considered fine-tuners of gene and protein expression profiles during the progression of atherosclerosis, a proposition supported by human pathological studies alongside findings from diseased animal models where select microRNA function or expression have been modulated. 3Such approaches identified multiple microRNAs which may serve as therapeutic targets for the prevention of clinical events associated with atherosclerotic plaque destabilization, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. 3owever, a marked proportion of patients who suffer a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) will have been previously asymptomatic, and even patients with confirmed clinically relevant atherosclerosis and receiving optimal medical therapy, will experience additional future clinical events. 4There is consequently a pertinent need for biomarkers which can readily inform a patient's risk of experiencing atherosclerotic plaque rupture and a subsequent clinical event.Relatedly, stable microRNAs have been detected within circulating blood, either conjugated with lipoproteins, packaged within extracellular vesicles (such a microvesicles and exosomes), or as a result of cell leakage during cell injury or apoptosis. 5Moreover, circulating microRNA levels are associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors including hyperlipidaemia, and there are examples of specific miRNAs correlating with atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction.
Sampling time-dependent artifacts in single-cell genomics studies
Authors: Ramon Massoni-Badosa, Giovanni Iacono, Catia Moutinho, Marta Kulis, Núria Palau, Domenica Marchese, Javier Rodríguez-Ubreva, Esteban Ballestar, Gustavo Rodriguez-Esteban, Sara Marsal, Marta Aymerich, Dolors Colomer, Elias Campo, Antonio Julià, José Ignacio Martín-Subero, Holger Heyn
Journal: Genome biology (2020)

Robust protocols and automation now enable large-scale single-cell RNA and ATAC sequencing experiments and their application on biobank and clinical cohorts. However, technical biases introduced during sample acquisition can hinder solid, reproducible results, and a systematic benchmarking is required before entering large-scale data production. Here, we report the existence and extent of gene expression and chromatin accessibility artifacts introduced during sampling and identify experimental and computational solutions for their prevention.
149P Predicting prognosis of breast cancer patients with brain metastases in the BMBC registry: Comparison of three different prognostic scores
Authors: K. Riecke, V. Mueller, T. Neunhöffer, R. Weide, M. Schmidt, T-W. Park-Simon, C. Mundhenke, A. Polasik, T. Hesse, K. Lübbe, E. Laakmann, M. Thill, P. Fasching, C. Denkert, T. Fehm, V. Nekljudova, J. Rey, S. Loibl, I. Witzel
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
NEW EXPERIMENTAL DATA ON ARTIFICIAL HYPERTHERMIA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1938)

Article1 May 1938NEW EXPERIMENTAL DATA ON ARTIFICIAL HYPERTHERMIAA. BESSEMANS, M.D.A. BESSEMANS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-11-11-1933 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptGiovanni Truffi recently reported that Treponema pallidum remains virulent when passed for one hour through the body of birds, which are supposed to have a body temperature of 42° C. (107.6° F.). Mario Truffi and Beck theorized on these results, and reached the bizarre conclusion that Treponema pallidum could resist, within the organism of birds, temperatures of 42° C. (107.6° F.) during at least five hours. They deduced from the experiments of Giovanni Truffi that mere thermic rise is not the cause of the action of malaria therapy and of pyretotherapy in general.We believe that we have disproved these... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Ghent,*Presented at the St. Louis meeting of the American College of Physicians, April 21, 1937.From the Institute of Hygiene and Bacteriology of the State University of Ghent, Belgium. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDie Lues des Nervensystems 1 May 1938Volume 11, Issue 11Page: 1933-1945KeywordsBacteriologyHygieneHyperthermiaMalariaTemperatureTreponema pallidum ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1938 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 16335: Circulating FGF21 Predicts the Incidence of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy and Renal Function Decline in Patients With Stable Angina
Authors: Ruey-Hsing Chou, Po-Hsun Huang
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a common complication of CAG, but its prevention remains challenging. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a regulator of glucose homeostasis, ha...
Clinical application of ultrasonography-guided percutaneous liver biopsy and its safety over 18 years
Authors: Young Chang, Jun Il Kim, Bora Lee, Sang Gyune Kim, Min Jung Jung, Young Seok Kim, Soung Won Jeong, Jae Young Jang, Jeong-Ju Yoo
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2020)

Background/Aims: Liver biopsy (LB) remains the gold standard for the evaluation of liver disease. However, over the past two decades, many noninvasive tests have been developed and utilized in clinical practice as alternatives to LB. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical use and safety of LB in the era of noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis.Methods: This retrospective study included 1,944 consecutive cases of LB performed between 2001 and 2018 in a tertiary hospital. All of the LBs were conducted under ultrasonography guidance with 18-gauge cutting needles.Results: LBs were performed an average of approximately 108 times per year during the study period. Chronic hepatitis B (25.3%) and suspected malignancy (20.5%) were the two most common indications for LB. The use of LB for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease increased from 8.1% to 17.2% in the past 5 years compared to the last 10 years, while that for viral hepatitis decreased from 40.3% to 18.9%. Discordance rate between the suspected diagnosis and the final diagnosis was 2.6% (51 cases). The overall rate of major adverse events was 0.05% (one case), which involved delayed bleeding at the biopsy site. Liver cirrhosis was observed in 563 cases (28.9%), and the presence of cirrhosis did not affect the frequency of complications (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.289).Conclusions: LB is widely used in clinical practice as an irreplaceable diagnostic tool, even in the era of noninvasiveness. Ultrasonography-guided LB can be performed safely in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Efficacy and safety of camrelizumab combined with apatinib in advanced triple-negative breast cancer: an open-label phase II trial
Authors: Jieqiong Liu, Qiang Liu, Ying Li, Qian Li, Fengxi Su, Herui Yao, Shicheng Su, Quanren Wang, Liang Jin, Ying Wang, Wan Yee Lau, Zefei Jiang, Erwei Song
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Previous trials showed that antiangiogenesis or anti-programmed death protein 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) monotherapy only showed marginal effect in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Preclinical studies demonstrated that antiangiogenic therapy could sensitize breast cancer to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade via reprogramming tumor microenvironment. Combinational treatment of checkpoint blockade and antiangiogenesis for TNBC has not been reported.Patients with advanced TNBC with less than three lines of systemic therapy were enrolled in an open-label, non-comparative, two-arm, phase II trial at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital. Camrelizumab (intravenously every 2 weeks) with apatinib orally at either continuous dosing (d1-d14) or intermittent dosing (d1-d7) was given until disease progression or unacceptable toxicities. Primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR).From January 2018 to April 2019, 40 patients were enrolled, including 10 in the apatinib intermittent dosing cohort and 30 in the apatinib continuous dosing cohort. The ORR was 43.3% (13 of 30) in the continuous dosing cohort, while no objective response was observed in the intermittent dosing cohort. The disease control rate was 63.3% (19 of 30) in the apatinib continuous dosing cohort, and 40.0% (4 of 10) in the apatinib intermittent dosing cohort, respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.7 (95% CI 2.0 to 6.4) months and 1.9 (95% CI 1.8 to 3.7) months in the continuous dosing and intermittent dosing cohort, respectively. In the continuous dosing cohort, the median PFS of patients with partial response (8.3 months, 95% CI 5.9 to not reached) was significantly longer than that of patients with stable disease/progressive disease/not evaluable (2.0 months, 95% CI 1.7 to 3.0). The most common adverse events (AEs) included elevated aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase and hand-foot syndrome. Overall, 26.7% and 20.0% of patients experienced grade ≥3 AEs in the continuous dosing and intermittent dosing cohort, respectively. In the continuous dosing cohort, a high percentage of baseline tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (>10%) was associated with higher ORR and favorable PFS (p=0.029, 0.054, respectively).The ORR by this chemo-free regimen was dramatically higher than previously reported ORR by anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody or apatinib monotherapy. Camrelizumab combined with apatinib demonstrated favorable therapeutic effects and a manageable safety profile in patients with advanced TNBC.NCT03394287.
Interventions for oropharyngeal dysphagia in acute and critical care: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sallyanne Duncan, Daniel F. McAuley, Margaret Walshe, Jennifer McGaughey, Rohan Anand, Richard Fallis, Bronagh Blackwood
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2020)

To determine the effectiveness of dysphagia interventions compared to standard care in improving oral intake and reducing aspiration for adults in acute and critical care. We searched electronic literature for randomised and quasi-randomised trials and bibliography lists of included studies to March 2020. Study screening, data extraction, risk of bias and quality assessments were conducted independently by two reviewers. Meta-analysis used fixed effects modelling. The systematic review protocol is registered and published. We identified 22 studies (19 stroke, 2 intensive care stroke and 1 general intensive care) testing 9 interventions and representing 1700 patients. Swallowing treatment showed no evidence of a difference in the time to return to oral intake (n = 33, MD (days) − 4.5, 95% CI − 10.6 to 1.6, 1 study, P = 0.15) (very low certainty) or in aspiration following treatment (n = 113, RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.44 to 1.45, 4 studies, I2 = 0%, P = 0.45) (low certainty). Swallowing treatment showed evidence of a reduced risk of pneumonia (n = 719, RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.89, 8 studies, I2 = 15%, P = 0.004) (low certainty) but no evidence of a difference in swallowing quality of life scores (n = 239, MD − 11.38, 95% CI − 23.83 to 1.08, I 2 = 78%, P = 0.07) (very low certainty). There is limited evidence for the effectiveness of swallowing treatments in the acute and critical care setting. Clinical trials consistently measuring patient-centred outcomes are needed.
Association of Electronic Surgical Consent Forms With Entry Error Rates
Authors: J. Jeffery Reeves, Kristin L. Mekeel, Ruth S. Waterman, Lisa R. Rhodes, Brian J. Clay, Bryan M. Clary, Christopher A. Longhurst
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

even if surgery was postponed owing to positive testing, cases may have been missed, resulting in underestimation of true incidence.Symptomatology is an inadequate differentiator in children.There are reports of children with high viral load who are asymptomatic. 2If children do have symptoms, they tend to be mild. 3According to a recent Pediatric Anesthesia Leadership Council survey of 41 responding centers, 56% implemented universal preoperative screening (Thomas Long, MD, Pediatric Anesthesia Leadership Council, email communication, April 19, 2020).As demonstrated here, the value of universal screening is greatest in areas with higher prevalence. 4s elective surgery resumes across the country, it is important to consider universal testing in the context of regional prevalence, local testing capability, and availability of personal protective equipment.
Genetics of Gene Expression in the Aging Human Brain Reveal TDP-43 Proteinopathy Pathophysiology
Authors: Hyun-Sik Yang, Charles C. White, Hans-Ulrich Klein, Lei Yu, Christopher Gaiteri, Yiyi Ma, Daniel Felsky, Sara Mostafavi, Vladislav A. Petyuk, Reisa A. Sperling, Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner, Julie A. Schneider, David A. Bennett, Philip L. De Jager
Journal: Neuron (2020)