tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fast and accurate view classification of echocardiograms using deep learning
Authors: Ali Madani, Ramy Arnaout, Mohammad Mofrad, Rima Arnaout
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2018)

Echocardiography is essential to cardiology. However, the need for human interpretation has limited echocardiography's full potential for precision medicine. Deep learning is an emerging tool for analyzing images but has not yet been widely applied to echocardiograms, partly due to their complex multi-view format. The essential first step toward comprehensive computer-assisted echocardiographic interpretation is determining whether computers can learn to recognize these views. We trained a convolutional neural network to simultaneously classify 15 standard views (12 video, 3 still), based on labeled still images and videos from 267 transthoracic echocardiograms that captured a range of real-world clinical variation. Our model classified among 12 video views with 97.8% overall test accuracy without overfitting. Even on single low-resolution images, accuracy among 15 views was 91.7% vs. 70.2-84.0% for board-certified echocardiographers. Data visualization experiments showed that the model recognizes similarities among related views and classifies using clinically relevant image features. Our results provide a foundation for artificial intelligence-assisted echocardiographic interpretation.
Gene Editing of α6 Integrin Inhibits Muscle Invasive Networks and Increases Cell–Cell Biophysical Properties in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Cynthia S. Rubenstein, Jaime M.C. Gard, Mengdie Wang, Julie E. McGrath, Nadia Ingabire, James P. Hinton, Kendra D. Marr, Skyler J. Simpson, Raymond B. Nagle, Cindy K. Miranti, Noel A. Warfel, Joe G.N. Garcia, Hina Arif-Tiwari, Anne E. Cress
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Human prostate cancer confined to the gland is indolent (low-risk), but tumors outside the capsule are aggressive (high-risk). Extracapsular extension requires invasion within and through a smooth muscle-structured environment. Because integrins respond to biomechanical cues, we used a gene editing approach to determine if a specific region of laminin-binding α6β1 integrin was required for smooth muscle invasion both
Alirocumab in Patients With Polyvascular Disease and Recent Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: J. Wouter Jukema, Michael Szarek, Laurien E. Zijlstra, H. Asita de Silva, Deepak L. Bhatt, Vera A. Bittner, Rafael Diaz, Jay M. Edelberg, Shaun G. Goodman, Corinne Hanotin, Robert A. Harrington, Yuri Karpov, Angèle Moryusef, Robert Pordy, Juan C. Prieto, Matthew T. Roe, Harvey D. White, Andreas M. Zeiher, Gregory G. Schwartz, P. Gabriel Steg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)

Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and concomitant noncoronary atherosclerosis have a high risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and death. The impact of lipid lowering by proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 inhibition in such patients is undetermined.This pre-specified analysis from ODYSSEY OUTCOMES (Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Alirocumab) determined whether polyvascular disease influenced risks of MACEs and death and their modification by alirocumab in patients with recent ACS and dyslipidemia despite intensive statin therapy.Patients were randomized to alirocumab or placebo 1 to 12 months after ACS. The primary MACEs endpoint was the composite of coronary heart disease death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, fatal or nonfatal ischemic stroke, or unstable angina requiring hospitalization. All-cause death was a secondary endpoint.Median follow-up was 2.8 years. Of 18,924 patients, 17,370 had monovascular (coronary) disease, 1,405 had polyvascular disease in 2 beds (coronary and peripheral artery or cerebrovascular), and 149 had polyvascular disease in 3 beds (coronary, peripheral artery, cerebrovascular). With placebo, the incidence of MACEs by respective vascular categories was 10.0%, 22.2%, and 39.7%. With alirocumab, the corresponding absolute risk reduction was 1.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6% to 2.3%), 1.9% (95% CI: -2.4% to 6.2%), and 13.0% (95% CI: -2.0% to 28.0%). With placebo, the incidence of death by respective vascular categories was 3.5%, 10.0%, and 21.8%; the absolute risk reduction with alirocumab was 0.4% (95% CI: -0.1% to 1.0%), 1.3% (95% CI: -1.8% to 4.3%), and 16.2% (95% CI: 5.5% to 26.8%).In patients with recent ACS and dyslipidemia despite intensive statin therapy, polyvascular disease is associated with high risks of MACEs and death. The large absolute reductions in those risks with alirocumab are a potential benefit for these patients. (Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Alirocumab [ODYSSEY OUTCOMES]: NCT01663402).
Neonatal outcomes associated with maternal recto-vaginal colonization with extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in Nigeria: a prospective, cross-sectional study
Authors: K. Neemann, E.K. Olateju, N. Izevbigie, G. Akaba, G.M. Olanipekun, J.C. Richard, C.I. Duru, N.J. Kocmich, K.K. Samson, A. Rezac-Elgohary, E.A. Anigilaje, T. Yunusa, C.O.N. Megafu, T.O. Ajose, N. Medugu, J. Meza, S. Obaro
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2019)
The Human-Specific and Smooth Muscle Cell-Enriched LncRNA SMILR Promotes Proliferation by Regulating Mitotic CENPF mRNA and Drives Cell-Cycle Progression Which Can Be Targeted to Limit Vascular Remodeling
Authors: Amira D. Mahmoud, Margaret D. Ballantyne, Vladislav Miscianinov, Karine Pinel, John Hung, Jessica P. Scanlon, Jean Iyinikkel, Jakub Kaczynski, Adriana S. Tavares, Angela C. Bradshaw, Nicholas L. Mills, David E. Newby, Andrea Caporali, Gwyn W. Gould, Sarah J. George, Igor Ulitsky, Judith C. Sluimer, Julie Rodor, Andrew H. Baker
Journal: Circulation Research (2019)

In response to blood vessel wall injury, aberrant proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) causes pathological remodeling. However, the controlling mechanisms are not completely understood.
<i>JAMA Pediatrics </i>Call for Papers on Election-Year Policies and Children's Health
Authors: Alison A. Galbraith, Aaron E. Carroll, Dimitri Christakis
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential Reshapes Age-Related CVD
Authors: Sumeet A. Khetarpal, Arman Qamar, Alexander G. Bick, José J. Fuster, Sekar Kathiresan, Siddhartha Jaiswal, Pradeep Natarajan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
C-myc/miR-150/EPG5 axis mediated dysfunction of autophagy promotes development of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hui Li, Juan Liu, Wenjie Cao, Xiaojuan Xiao, Long Liang, Feng Liu-Smith, Weiwei Wang, Hong Liu, Peng Zhou, Ruoyun Ouyang, Zhijun Yuan, Jing Liu, Mao Ye, Bin Zhang
Journal: Theranostics (2019)

Rationale: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and treatment options are limited to mainly cytotoxic agents. Here we reveal a novel role of miR-150 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development and seek potential new therapeutic targets. Methods: The miR-150-mediated autophagy dysfunction in NSCLC cells were examined using molecular methods in vitro and in vivo. The upstream regulatory element and downstream target of miR-150 were identified in vitro and validated in vivo. Potential therapeutic methods (anti-c-myc or anti-miR-150) were tested in vitro and in vivo. Clinical relevance of the c-myc/miR-150/EPG5 axis in NSCLC was validated in human clinical samples and large genomics database. Results: miR-150 blocked the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes through directly repressing EPG5. The miR-150-mediated autophagy defect induced ER stress and increased cellular ROS levels and DNA damage response, and promoted NSCLC cell proliferation and tumor growth. Knockdown of EPG5 promoted NSCLC cell proliferation, and attenuated the effects of miR-150. c-myc gene was identified as a miR-150 transcriptional factor which increased miR-150 accumulation, therefore pharmacologically or genetically inhibiting c-myc/miR-150 expression significantly inhibited NSCLC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Both c-myc and miR-150 were significantly over-expressed in NSCLC, while EPG5 was down-regulated in NSCLC. Expression levels of these molecules were well correlated, and also well correlated with patient survival. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that c-myc/miR-150/EPG5 mediated dysfunction of autophagy contributes to NSCLC development, which may provide a potential new diagnostic and therapeutic target in NSCLC.
Itch induction by audiovisual stimuli and histamine iontophoresis: a randomized, controlled noninferiority study
Authors: R. Marzell, G. Reichwein, U. Gieler, J. Kupfer, C. Schut
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

Previous research has mainly used skin‐manipulating methods to induce itch. In comparison, itch induced by audiovisual stimuli lacks direct skin manipulation. The aim of this double blind, noninferiority study was to test the experimental hypothesis that itch induced by audiovisual stimuli is noninferior to itch induced by histamine iontophoresis in case of priming and without priming. In 80 of 160 healthy volunteers itch was induced by histamine iontophoresis, while in the other 80 itch was induced by audiovisual stimulation. Forty people in each group experienced either an initial resting phase or dermal priming. Itch intensity was measured by visual analogue scales, while scratch duration and frequency were video‐recorded and evaluated by two independent raters. In addition, itch quality and location were measured by self‐report. Itch induced by audiovisual stimuli was inferior to itch induced by histamine iontophoresis in the absence of dermal priming. However, in the case of priming, maximal itch induced by audiovisual stimuli was not inferior to maximal itch induced by histamine iontophoresis. Additionally, differences in itch quality and location were observed. The finding that maximal audiovisually‐induced itch was comparable with maximal histamine itch only after priming emphasizes that attention plays a dominant role in mentally‐induced itch. The comparability of maximal histamine and audiovisually‐induced itch in the case of priming opens up new research opportunities. What's already known about this topic? Itch is a multidimensional sensation that is altered by, among other things, attention. To induce itch in basic research, different methods are used, which are partially invasive or cause skin manipulation. Noninvasive audiovisual stimuli can be used to induce itch. What does this study add? This study investigated whether itch induced by audiovisual stimuli is noninferior to itch induced by histamine iontophoresis. Itch induced by audiovisual stimuli is noninferior with regard to maximal intensity in the case of priming. Noninferiority was not shown in the case of no priming, emphasizing the role of attention in itch induction. Histamine and audiovisually‐induced itch differ in terms of quality and location, but not in affective reaction.
Characteristics of Hospitals That Did and Did Not Join the Bundled Payments for Care Improvement–Advanced Program
Authors: Karen E. Joynt Maddox, E. John Orav, Jie Zheng, Arnold M. Epstein
Journal: JAMA (2019)

This study describes the characteristics of hospitals participating vs not participating and remaining vs leaving the 2018 CMS Bundled Payments for Care Improvement–Advanced Program (BPCI-A), a payment reform model that reimburses for a 90-day episode of care rather than for individual services.
Differences in the distribution of methotrexate into high grade gliomas following intravenous administration, as monitored by microdialysis, are associated with blood brain barrier integrity
Authors: J. J. Olson, J. O. Blakeley, S. A. Grossman, J. Weingart, A. Rashid, J. Supko
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

1548 Background: Microdialysis (MD) is an accepted technique to monitor neurochemicals in pts with traumatic brain injury. This study was conducted to evaluate the use of MD to define the time course of intratumoral drug concentrations in pts with high grade gliomas (HGG) receiving systemic chemotherapy. Methods: MD catheters were placed in residual HGG following tumor debulking and infused with Ringer’s solution at 1 μL/min. MD probe location and integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB) in adjacent tissue were determined by fused MRI/CT. Highdose (12g/m 2 ) methotrexate (MTX), was given as a 4 h iv infusion the next day. MTX was measured in plasma and dialysate samples, collected at 30 min intervals from 1 h before to 24 h after dosing, with an LC/MS assay. Results: Six pts have been enrolled without any adverse events attributed to the MD catheter. Adequate pharmacokinetics (PK) were obtained in 4/6pts. MTX plasma pharmacokinetics (PK) were very consistent between the 4 evaluable pts and similar to published data. Time courses of the uncorrected MTX concentration in extracellular fluid (C ECF ) exhibited two distinctly different kinetic profiles. For 2pts in whom the MD probe resided within contrast enhancing tumor, C ECF increased and decreased in parallel with drug levels in plasma, with a peak C ECF of 189 ± 6 μM, an apparent elimination half-life in ECF of 4.44 ± 0.07 h, and an ECF/plasma AUCratio of 0.13 ± 0.01. The other 2pts had a much lower peak C ECF (10.4 ± 0.4 μM) and AUC ratio (0.028 ± 0.020), with a more prolonged ECF half-life (11.4 ± 4.5 h). Fused images from 2 of these pts showed that the MD probe was located in nonenhancing tissue. Conclusions: MD is a clinically practical technique to monitor the distribution of systemically administered drugs to brain tumors in pts. It has the capability to elucidate variations in kinetic behavior that are consistent with regional differences in BBB integrity. Appropriate interpretation of data from MD studies to evaluate the distribution of investigational new drugs into brain tumors necessarily requires radiographic determination of the region of the tumor into which the probe has been placed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Research England will stop favouring physical over mental health in its funding calculations
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Research England has announced it will change the weighting of its funding calculations to put mental health research on a par with research into physical health.1

The body previously calculated funding using an equation that multiplied the final cost by 1.6 for research into physical health and 1.42 for mental health research.2

However, in …
The involvement of partners in breast cancer treatment decision making.
Authors: Sarah T. Hawley, Nancy K. Janz, Sarah E Lillie, Kendra L. Schwartz, John Graff, Ann S. Hamilton, Steven J. Katz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

6023 Background: Incorporating partners into treatment decision making is an important element of patient-centered care, yet little is known about the role of partners in the decision process. Methods: We surveyed 503 partners of a population-based sample of breast cancer survivor 4 years after diagnosis (RR= 76%, N=382).The outcome was partners’ reports of decision regret. Independent variables included decision making process measures (partners’ reports of sufficient treatment information receipt and sufficient involvement in decision making), race/ethnicity, age, education and income. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations between decision regret and race/ethnicity, controlling for other variables. Results: 49% of partners were white, 14% African American, 15% more-acculturated Latino, and 18% less-acculturated Latino. One quarter (26%) of partners reported that they received insufficient information and one third (35%) desired more involvement in decision-making. Compared to whites, less-acculturated Latino partners more often reported that they received insufficient information (41% vs. 18%, p&lt;0.05) and desired more involvement in decision-making (49% vs. 14%, p&lt;0.001). Overall 30% of partners reported high decision regret. Multivariate analyses showed factors associated with high decision regret were less-acculturated Latinos, insufficient information receipt and desire for more involvement (Table). Conclusions: Most partners of breast cancer survivors reported low decision regret and positively appraised their involvement in the decision process. Less acculturated Latinos reported more dissatisfaction with the decision process. Findings suggest the need for culturally appropriate treatment decision support interventions that include partners. [Table: see text]
Regulating Bcl2L12 expression in mast cells inhibits food allergy
Authors: Peng-Yuan Zheng, Xiao-Rui Geng, Jing-Yi Hong, Gui Yang, Jiang-Qi Liu, Li-Hua Mo, Yan Feng, Yuan-Yi Zhang, Tao Liu, Pixin Ran, Zhi-Gang Liu, Ping-Chang Yang
Journal: Theranostics (2019)

Rationale: Mast cells play a crucial role in allergic diseases.Yet, the regulation of mast cell bioactivities is not fully understood.This study aims to elucidate the role of B cell lymphoma 2 like protein 12 (Bcl2L12), one of the anti-apoptosis proteins, in regulating mast cell apoptosis.Methods: A food allergy (FA) mouse model was developed to establish mast cell over population in the intestinal tissue.Either compound 48/80 (C48/80) or specific antigens were used to activate mast cells in the intestinal mucosa.Results: After treating with C48/80, apoptosis was induced in mast cells of the intestine of naive control mice, but not in FA mice.The expression of Fas ligand (FasL) was lower in the mast cells of FA mice.Interleukin (IL)-5 was responsible for the suppression of FasL by upregulating the expression of Bcl2L12 in mast cells.Bcl2L12 prevented c-Myc, the major transcription factor of FasL, from binding the FasL promoter to inhibit the expression of FasL in mast cells.Inhibition of Bcl2L12 restored the apoptosis machinery of mast cells in the FA mouse intestine.Conclusions: The apoptosis machinery in mast cells is impaired in an allergic environment.Inhibition of Bcl2L12 restores the apoptosis machinery in mast cells in the FA mouse intestine.
Knowing autism: The place of experiential expertise
Authors: Elizabeth Pellicano, Jacquiline den Houting, Lee du Plooy, Rozanna Lilley
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2019)

Abstract Jaswal &amp; Akhtar challenge the notion that autistic people have diminished social motivation, prompted in part by a desire to take autistic testimony seriously. We applaud their analysis and go further to suggest that future research could be enhanced by involving autistic people directly in the research process.
Novel insights into patients' life-worlds: the value of qualitative research
Authors: Virginia Braun, Victoria Clarke
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2019)

In The Lancet Psychiatry, Lucy Livingston and colleagues1 amply demonstrate the rich potential of qualitative methods to provide insight into the life-worlds of patients and analysis of hitherto un(der)explored facets of mental and physical health conditions. The publication of their paper reflects increasing acknowledgment of the value of qualitative methods in medical research. At the same time as some medical publications have questioned the wider value and impact of qualitative research,2 health and social policy3 increasingly demand engagement with the voices and perspectives of patients—something only truly understood through qualitative inquiry.
Risk of Premature Atherosclerotic Disease in Patients With Monogenic Versus Polygenic Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Mark Trinder, Xuan Li, Maria Liza DeCastro, Luba Cermakova, Singh Sadananda, Linda M. Jackson, Hawmid Azizi, G.B. John Mancini, Gordon A. Francis, Jiri Frohlich, Liam R. Brunham
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
A human embryonic stem cell reporter line for monitoring chemical-induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Su-Yi Tsai, Zaniar Ghazizadeh, Hou-Jun Wang, Sadaf Amin, Francis A Ortega, Zohreh Sadat Badieyan, Zi-Ting Hsu, Miriam Gordillo, Ritu Kumar, David J Christini, Todd Evans, Shuibing Chen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2019)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can be used to generate scalable numbers of cardiomyocytes (CMs) for studying cardiac biology, disease modelling, drug screens, and potentially for regenerative therapies. A fluorescence-based reporter line will significantly enhance our capacities to visualize the derivation, survival, and function of hESC-derived CMs. Our goal was to develop a reporter cell line for real-time monitoring of live hESC-derived CMs.We used CRISPR/Cas9 to knock a mCherry reporter gene into the MYH6 locus of hESC lines, H1 and H9, enabling real-time monitoring of the generation of CMs. MYH6:mCherry+ cells express atrial or ventricular markers and display a range of cardiomyocyte action potential morphologies. At 20 days of differentiation, MYH6:mCherry+ cells show features characteristic of human CMs and can be used successfully to monitor drug-induced cardiotoxicity and oleic acid-induced cardiac arrhythmia.We created two MYH6:mCherry hESC reporter lines and documented the application of these lines for disease modelling relevant to cardiomyocyte biology.