tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Medical Malpractice System
Authors: Robert J. Yaes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 June 1993The Medical Malpractice SystemRobert J. Yaes, MDRobert J. Yaes, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-11-199306010-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:A critical review of Taragin and colleagues' [1] useful analysis of data on medical malpractice cases in the state of New Jersey is not so reassuring. Between 1977 and 1992, there were 12 829 insured physicians, and 11 934 cases were filed. The data analysis on 8231 closed cases, which had been prereviewed by insurance company medical experts, showed that 62% of these cases were defensible; that is, there was no clear evidence of physician error. Because a malpractice claim can seriously disrupt a physician's personal and professional life and can cause him or her significant emotional ...Reference1. Taragin MI, Willett LR, Wilczek AP, Trout R, Carson JL. The influence of standard of care and severity of injury on the resolution of medical malpractice claims. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:780-4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert J. Yaes, MDAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1993Volume 118, Issue 11Page: 908-909KeywordsEmotions ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Reader's Debt
Authors: E.J. H.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Editorials1 January 1973The Reader's DebtE.J. H.E.J. H.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-1-144_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA member of our Editorial Board has predicted, in other pages (1), that in the years ahead scientific journals will give way to medical newspapers for "really important scientific exchange." The serious issues that stand behind his prediction will not be debated here. The view of the editors of this journal, however, is that most readers ofThe New England Journal of Medicine, Circulation, Gastroenterology, or any of the other professional journals in this country or abroad will not wish, in the foreseeable future, to give up reading them for definitive scientific information in favor of journalistic organs. We believe...Reference1. BRAUNWALD E: Future shock in academic medicine. N Engl J Med 286:1031-1035, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1973Volume 78, Issue 1Page: 144-144KeywordsForecasting ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Combined Radiotherapy and Surgical Treatment
Authors: Willet F. Whitmore
Journal: JAMA (1969)

All reported experiences with the treatment of malignant bladder tumors indicate a sufficiently high incidence of therapeutic failure to justify, if not to demand, exploration of alternative methods offering a logical prospect of improvement. Since surgical treatment alone and radiation therapy alone have controlled some bladder cancers, it is empirically consistent to believe that the combination of these two modalities might prove more effective than either alone, and planned combinations of these two treatment methods provide one logical area for clinical trial. Clinical studies with combined irradiation and surgical intervention in the treatment of cancers of the head and neck, breast, lung, esophagus, and colon and rectum have suggested possible advantages of such combined therapy. Furthermore, occasional reports have suggested advantages of the use of interstitial irradiation or external irradiation combined with various forms of surgical excision for the treatment of selected patients with bladder cancer. Finally, laboratory studies of
Editorial: The customer approach to patienthood
Authors: C. D. Azing
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Just as beauty is in the eye of the beholder, so too is diagnosis of obscure disease in the mind of the physician who thinks of it. Kass put it well in a closing remark to a Clinical Pathologic Conference held at Boston City Hospital and published inThe Journal(224:1737-1746, 1973). He said, "It has been a dictum here, going back to Soma Weiss, that any diagnosis is easy, once you think of it." Acquired toxoplasmosis of the central nervous system (CNS) might serve as a worthy example, judging from a report by Townsend and her colleagues in the current issue of<i>Archives of Neurology</i>32:335-343, 1975). At the outset, the authors note that increasing use of immunosuppressive agents has led to a variety of complicating infections by opportunistic organisms, among which is the protozoa,<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>. So it is that in six years the authors encountered six cases
Carlo Lorenzo Acerini
Authors: David Dunger, Fiona Cooke, Ken Ong
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Carlo Lorenzo Acerini was born in Greenock, Scotland, and was educated at Holt School, Haddington, and Glasgow Academy. He turned to medicine after completing a bachelors degree in pharmacology. His clinical training in paediatrics continued in Scotland until 1994, when he moved to pursue research in paediatric endocrinology and diabetes in Oxford. …
Cationic Peptidopolysaccharide with an Intrinsic AIE Effect for Combating Bacteria and Multicolor Imaging
Authors: Zhenzhen Dong, Yandong Wang, Chunlei Wang, He Meng, Yan Li, Caiqi Wang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract An antibacterial polymer peptidopolysaccharide (COS‐AMP) that integrates antibacterial and detection functions is constructed with a simple synthetic method. The COS‐AMP is constructed by simulating the structure of peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall with chitooligosaccharide with intrinsic aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) effect as the main chain, as well as a peptide polymer grafted onto its amino group. Based on the AIE effect and excitation‐dependent fluorescence of COS‐AMP, it is tentatively applied to multicolor imaging and quantification of bacteria. This multicolor imaging helps to match different excitation sources of fluorescent instrument for straightforward imaging and detection. The structural similarity with the bacterial cell wall component facilitates the passage of COS‐AMP across the cell wall and destroys the bacterial structure, thus it has a good broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity. In addition, aromatic fluorophores are not needed, and excellent biocompatibility will make it have broad application prospects.
190P Phyllodes tumour of the breast: 10 years of experience in a Mexican oncology reference center
Authors: M.I. Contreras Salcido, J.L. González Vela, J.G. Lara Campos, E. Llerena Hernandez, D. Hernández Barajas, O. Vidal Gutiérrez, A. Adriana González Gutiérrez, R.J. Martínez Granados, M.A. Ponce Camacho, M. Molina Ayala
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Injectable and in situ crosslinkable gelatin microribbon hydrogels for stem cell delivery and bone regeneration <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Yaohui Tang, Xinming Tong, Bogdan Conrad, Fan Yang
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Rationale: Injectable matrices are highly desirable for stem cell delivery.Previous research has highlighted the benefit of scaffold macroporosity in enhancing stem cell survival and bone regeneration in vivo.However, there remains a lack of injectable and in situ crosslinkable macroporous matrices for stem cell delivery to achieve fast bone regeneration in immunocompetent animal model.The goal of this study is to develop an injectable gelatin-based μRB hydrogel supporting direct cell encapsulation that is available in clinics as macroporous matrices to enhance adipose-derived stromal cell (ASC) survival, engraftment and accelerate bone formation in craniofacial defect mouse.Methods: Injectable and in situ crosslinkable gelatin microribbon (μRB)-based macroporous hydrogels were developed by wet-spinning.Injectability was optimized by varying concentration of glutaraldehyde for intracrosslinking of μRB shape, and fibrinogen coating.The efficacy of injectable μRBs to support ASCs delivery and bone regeneration were further assessed in vivo using an immunocompetent mouse cranial defect model.ASCs survival was evaluated by bioluminescent imaging and bone regeneration was assessed by micro-CT.The degradation and biocompatibility were determined by histological analysis. Results:We first optimized injectability by varying concentration of glutaraldehyde used to fix gelatin μRBs.The injectable μRB formulation were subsequently coated with fibrinogen, which allows in situ crosslinking by thrombin.Fluorescence imaging and histology showed majority of μRBs degraded by the end of 3 weeks.Injectable μRBs supported comparable level of ASC proliferation and bone regeneration as implantable prefabricated μRB controls.Adding low dosage of BMP2 (100 ng per scaffold) with ASCs substantially accelerated the speed of mineralized bone regeneration, with 90% of the bone defect refilled by week 8. Immunostaining showed M1 (pro-inflammatory) macrophages were recruited to the defect at day 3, and was replaced by M2 (anti-inflammatory) macrophages by week 2. Adding μRBs or BMP2 did not alter macrophage response.Injectable µRBs supported vascularization, and BMP-2 further enhanced vascularization.Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that µRB-based scaffolds enhanced ASC survival and accelerated bone regeneration after injection into critical sized cranial defect mouse.Such injectable µRB-based scaffold can provide a versatile biomaterial for delivering various stem cell types and enhancing tissue regeneration.
Isotype Switching Converts Anti-CD40 Antagonism to Agonism to Elicit Potent Antitumor Activity
Authors: Xiaojie Yu, H.T. Claude Chan, Hayden Fisher, Christine A. Penfold, Jinny Kim, Tatyana Inzhelevskaya, C. Ian Mockridge, Ruth R. French, Patrick J. Duriez, Leon R. Douglas, Vikki English, J. Sjef Verbeek, Ann L. White, Ivo Tews, Martin J. Glennie, Mark S. Cragg
Journal: Cancer Cell (2020)

Anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) comprise agonists and antagonists, which display promising therapeutic activities in cancer and autoimmunity, respectively. We previously showed that epitope and isotype interact to deliver optimal agonistic anti-CD40 mAbs. The impact of Fc engineering on antagonists, however, remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that clinically relevant antagonists used for treating autoimmune conditions can be converted into potent FcγR-independent agonists with remarkable antitumor activity by isotype switching to hIgG2. One antagonist is converted to a super-agonist with greater potency than previously reported highly agonistic anti-CD40 mAbs. Such conversion is dependent on the unique disulfide bonding properties of the hIgG2 hinge. This investigation highlights the transformative capacity of the hIgG2 isotype for converting antagonists to agonists to treat cancer.
Spirometry performed as part of the Manchester community-based lung cancer screening programme detects a high prevalence of airflow obstruction in individuals without a prior diagnosis of COPD
Authors: Haval Balata, Jonathan Harvey, Phil V Barber, Denis Colligan, Rebecca Duerden, Peter Elton, Matthew Evison, Melanie Greaves, John Howells, Klaus Irion, Devinda Karunaratne, Stuart Mellor, Tom Newton, Richard Sawyer, Anna Sharman, Elaine Smith, Ben Taylor, Sarah Taylor, Janet Tonge, Anna Walsham, James Whittaker, Joergen Vestbo, Richard Booton, Phil A Crosbie
Journal: Thorax (2020)

Background COPD is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in populations eligible for lung cancer screening. We investigated the role of spirometry in a community-based lung cancer screening programme. Methods Ever smokers, age 55–74, resident in three deprived areas of Manchester were invited to a ‘Lung Health Check’ (LHC) based in convenient community locations. Spirometry was incorporated into the LHCs alongside lung cancer risk estimation (Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Study Risk Prediction Model, 2012 version (PLCO M2012 )), symptom assessment and smoking cessation advice. Those at high risk of lung cancer (PLCO M2012 ≥1.51%) were eligible for annual low-dose CT screening over two screening rounds. Airflow obstruction was defined as FEV 1 /FVC&lt;0.7. Primary care databases were searched for any prior diagnosis of COPD. Results 99.4% (n=2525) of LHC attendees successfully performed spirometry; mean age was 64.1±5.5, 51% were women, 35% were current smokers. 37.4% (n=944) had airflow obstruction of which 49.7% (n=469) had no previous diagnosis of COPD. 53.3% of those without a prior diagnosis were symptomatic (n=250/469). After multivariate analysis, the detection of airflow obstruction without a prior COPD diagnosis was associated with male sex ( adj OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.47; p&lt;0.0001), younger age (p=0.015), lower smoking duration (p&lt;0.0001), fewer cigarettes per day (p=0.035), higher FEV 1 /FVC ratio (&lt;0.0001) and being asymptomatic ( adj OR 4.19, 95% CI 2.95 to 5.95; p&lt;0.0001). The likelihood of screen detected lung cancer was significantly greater in those with evidence of airflow obstruction who had a previous diagnosis of COPD ( adj OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.60 to 8.42; p=0.002). Conclusions Incorporating spirometry into a community-based targeted lung cancer screening programme is feasible and identifies a significant number of individuals with airflow obstruction who do not have a prior diagnosis of COPD.
51P Evolution of low HER2 expressions between primary and metastatic breast cancer
Authors: P. Tarantino, E. Nicolò, P. Zagami, F. Giugliano, P. Trillo A, A. Marra, D. Trapani, S. Morganti, L. Mazzarella, C. Criscitiello, A. Esposito, G. Curigliano
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Rheumatic diseases in intensive care unit patients with COVID-19
Authors: Sergey Moiseev, Sergey Avdeev, Michail Brovko, Andrey Yavorovskiy, Pavel I Novikov, Karina Umbetova, Larisa Akulkina, Natal'ya Tsareva, Victor Fomin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

<h3>Purpose</h3> Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) has a high symptom burden and poor survival. Evidence from other cancer types suggests some benefit in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with early specialist palliative care (SPC) integrated with oncological services, but the certainty of evidence is low. <h3>Methods</h3> We performed a multicentre, randomised, parallel group controlled trial comparing early referral to SPC versus standard care across 19 hospital sites in the UK and one large site in Western Australia. Participants had newly diagnosed MPM; main carers were additionally recruited. Intervention: review by SPC within 3 weeks of allocation and every 4 weeks throughout the study. HRQoL was assessed at baseline and every 4 weeks with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30. Primary outcome: change in EORTC C30 Global Health Status 12 weeks after randomisation. <h3>Results</h3> Between April 2014 and October 2016, 174 participants were randomised. There was no significant between group difference in HRQoL score at 12 weeks (mean difference 1.8 (95% CI −4.9 to 8.5; p=0.59)). HRQoL did not differ at 24 weeks (mean difference −2.0 (95% CI −8.6 to 4.6; p=0.54)). There was no difference in depression/anxiety scores at 12 weeks or 24 weeks. In carers, there was no difference in HRQoL or mood at 12 weeks or 24 weeks, although there was a consistent preference for care, favouring the intervention arm. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There is no role for routine referral to SPC soon after diagnosis of MPM for patients who are cared for in centres with good access to SPC when required. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> ISRCTN18955704.
110P Primary endocrine therapy of breast cancer: Is there a good radiological technique to define pathological response?
Authors: J.I. Lopez Velazco, M. Otaño, L. Larburu, A. Lahuerta, K. Elorriaga, V. Segur, J.C. Irizabal, A. Martinez, L. Jáuregui, J.A. Alberro, L. Álvarez, I. Etxabe, M. Huarte, M.M. Caffarel, A. Urruticoechea Ribate
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
128O PDL1/CD274 gain/amplification as a predictive marker of checkpoint blockade inhibitor efficacy in metastatic breast cancer: Exploratory analysis of the SAFIR02-IMMUNO randomized phase II trial
Authors: T. Bachelot, T. Filleron, F. Dalenc, I. Bieche, I. Gaberis, E. Rouleau, A. Tran-Dien, J. Adam, A. Lusque, M. Jimenez, A. Jacquet, F. André
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Pro-Platelet Formation Is Impaired in Megakaryocytes of MYH9 -Related Disease Patients
Authors: Chen-Cong Wang, Ya-Nan Wang, Qi Chen, Xiao Liu, Jia-Min Zhang, Jing Xue, Hai-Xia Fu, Xiaosu Zhao, Shu-Ying Zheng, Xiang-Yu Zhao, Ying-Jun Chang, Kai-Yan Liu, Xiao-Jun Huang, Xiaohui Zhang
Journal: Blood (2017)
Abstract 15498: Interaction Between Drinking Habit and ALDH2 Genotype as a Risk Factor for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Takayoshi Yamashita, Yuichiro Arima, Toshifumi Ishida, Suguru Nagamatsu, Ryota Sato, Kenshi Yamanaga, Kenji Sakamoto, Kenichi Tsujita
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and alcohol consumption has known as an established risk factor. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2(ALDH2) removes reactive to...
Abstract 20815: Costs and In-Hospital Mortality Associated With Orthotopic Heart Transplants and Left Ventricular Assist Devices: National Inpatient Sample 2009-2014
Authors: Nirav Patel, Rajat Kalra, Rajkumar Doshi, Joanna Joly, Navkaranbir S. Bajaj, Garima Arora, Pankaj Arora
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) is the mainstay of care in end-stage heart failure patients. Moreover, left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) have been used in this population ...
Effects of vehicle safety design on road traffic deaths, injuries, and public health burden in the Latin American region: a modelling study
Authors: Kavi Bhalla, Kevin Gleason
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2020)

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which aim to halve global traffic deaths by 2020, will not be met by most low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). In Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region, traffic deaths have remained stable at a high-level despite strong progress in other health domains. We evaluated the effects of road safety interventions in LAC and estimated the benefits that vehicle design improvements would have in this region.In our study done in October, 2018, we used a counterfactual analysis to assess the reduction in deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost if eight proven vehicle safety technologies were made more widely available in LAC countries. We estimated: (1) country-level incidence of traffic injuries, (2) the effectiveness of technologies through a systematic literature review, (3) the prevalence of car safety technologies, and (4) the lives saved and DALYs averted if all cars had these technologies. We characterised uncertainty in estimates by reporting the sensitivity of the results to alternative modelling assumptions.Increasing availability of electronic stability control, which includes antilock-brake systems, would have the largest benefits in the LAC region, estimated at 19·4% (sensitivity analysis range 8·6-31·1) fewer deaths and 17·0% (5·7-29·2) fewer DALYs. Increasing use of seatbelts would reduce deaths by 12·1% (9·1-15·5) and DALYs by 12·6% (9·4-16·3). Optimisation for side-impacts would result in 6·3% (3·1-6·5) fewer deaths, and improvements to vehicle front-end design would result in 6·0% (2·2-10·4) fewer deaths. The overall effect of improved vehicle design in the region would be 28·1% (12·8-39·2) fewer deaths, and 29·1% (13·5-39·8) fewer DALYs. Other safety technologies modelled, including airbag (front and side), side door beam, and side structure and padding, have smaller benefits.Regulating and encouraging the use of proven vehicle safety technologies in LMICs would have large gains and needs to be prioritised in the SDG agenda for 2030.Inter-American Development Bank.
The n-of-1 Randomized Controlled Trial: Clinical Usefulness
Authors: Gordon H. Guyatt, Jana L. Keller, Roman Jaeschke, David Rosenbloom, Jonathan D. Adachi, Michael T. Newhouse
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Abstract Objective:To review the feasibility and effectiveness ofn-of-1 randomized controlled trials (n-of-1 trials) in clinical practice. Design:Individual trials were double-blind, randomized, mu...
Noggin regulates foregut progenitor cell programming and mis-expression leads to esophageal atresia
Authors: Carolina Pinzon-Guzman, Sreedhara Sangadala, Katherine M. Riera, Evgenya Y. Popova, Elizabeth Manning, Won Jae Huh, Matthew S. Alexander, Julia S. Shelton, Scott D. Boden, James R. Goldenring
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

Esophageal atresia (EA/TEF) is a common congenital abnormality present in 1 of 4000 births. Here we show that atretic esophagi lack Noggin (NOG) expression, resulting in immature esophagus that contains respiratory glands. Moreover, when using mouse esophageal organoid units (EOUs) or tracheal organoid units (TOUs) as a model of foregut development and differentiation in vitro, NOG determines whether foregut progenitors differentiate toward esophageal or tracheal epithelium. These results indicate that NOG is a critical regulator of cell fate decisions between esophageal and pulmonary morphogenesis, and its lack of expression results in EA/TEF.
Abstract 16538: Plasma Vitamin C And D Concentration, Oxidative Stress, Anti-inflammation, And Cardiac Event-free Survival In Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Eun Kyeung Song, Debra K Moser, Terry A Lennie
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Vitamin C and D is known to increase the anti-oxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory activity, which may contribute to better health outcomes of patients with heart failure (HF). Howeve...