tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 11926: An Intensive Heart Health Intervention Can Improve Diet Quality and Reduce Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Individuals Residing in Rural Environments
Authors: JungHee Kang, Martha J Biddle, Terry A Lennie, Debra K Moser
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Kentucky consistently ranks in the top ten for worst health outcomes in the U.S. Fifty four Kentucky counties are in Appalachia, the region with the nation’s worst social, environmental and health conditions. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that adults who are overweight or obese and have additional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors be offered intensive behavioral counseling that includes a healthy diet to promote CVD prevention. Purpose: To investigate whether an intensive self-management intervention for CVD risk reduction (HeartHealth) improved diet quality and risk factors in persons living in rural Appalachian Kentucky. Methods: A sample of 719 adults (age 53±14 years, 74% female, 43±19 years living in Kentucky, 87% overweight or obese) with two or more CVD risk were enrolled in the 12-week HeartHealth intervention that included strategies to improve diet to promote CVD risk reduction. Diet quality was measured by healthy eating index (HEI) calculated from food frequency questionnaires with higher HEI score indicating more healthy diets. The intervention was delivered in small groups using culturally appropriate approaches. Paired t-tests were used to compare HEI scores and CVD risk factors pre- and post-intervention. Results: HEI total score increased 8% from 63.3±11.6 to 68.5±11.4 (p&lt;0.005). HEI scores for total fruit; whole fruit; total vegetable; legumes, orange and dark green vegetables; whole grain; and milk increased by 31%, 28%, 7%, 20%, 15%, and 3% ,respectively, post intervention when compared to the baseline (p&lt;0.05). Diet quality for saturated fat; and calories from solid fats, alcoholic beverages and added sugar also improved by 28% and 12%, respectively (p&lt;0.005). Total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and hemoglobin A1C levels decreased from 191.8±37.8 to 187.5±36.9 mg/dL, 128.7±16.4 to 125.2±15.6 mmHg, and 5.77±0.96 to 5.70±0.90 %, respectively (p&lt;0.005). Conclusion: An intensive behavioral counseling intervention promoted a healthy diet and reduced CVD risk in overweight or obese adults living in a rural socioeconomically distressed environment.
Abstract 18707: Incidence and Predictors of Delaying Seeking Emergent Medical Care Among Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Stephanie Frisch, Christian Martin-Gill, Mohammad Alrawashdeh, Clifton Callaway, Salah S Al-Zaiti
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Early diagnosis and management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has been shown to improve patient outcomes. However, patients with suspected ACS frequently delay seeking medical help. It is unknown if this urgency in seeking care is associated with the onset of ACS. We sought to describe the pattern of seeking care in patients with suspected ACS and its association with patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics. Methods: This was a prospective, observational, cohort study that enrolled consecutive chest pain patients transported by ambulance to three UPMC-affiliated tertiary care hospitals between 2013 and 2014. Prehospital and inhospital medical records were retrospectively reviewed for important clinical data (demographics, past medical history, course of hospitalization). Symptom-to-presentation time was clustered into 3 groups: early presentation (  6 hours). The presence of ACS was defined as the detection of ca...
Disrupting Fellow Education Through Group Texting
Authors: Ajar Kochar, Jennifer Rymer, Zainab Samad, Adam Banks, Aditya Mandawat, Albert Sun, Alex Fanaroff, Anant Mandawat, Andrew Amborsy, Andrew Wang, Angela Lowenstern, David Manly, Priyesh Patel, Eric Black-Meier, Eric Velazquez, John Serfas, Jaidip Chakravartti, Jedrek Wosniak, James Wisler, Joseph Sivak, Kevin Friede, Michel Khouri, Marat Fudim, Michael Nanna, C. Michael Minder, Rahul Loungani, Sana Al-Khatib, Schuyler Jones, Sima Hodovance, Sounok Sen, Stephen Greene, Stephen Gaeta, Thomas Bashore, Zak Loring, Alina Nicoara, Michael Rehorn, Robb Kociol, Madhav Swaminathan, Lawerence Liao, Adam Barnett, Vishal Rao, Amanda Coniglio, Caitlin Drescher, Navid Nafissi, Gedion Titus Ngeno
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Paediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension: updates on definition, classification, diagnostics and management
Authors: Erika B. Rosenzweig, Steven H. Abman, Ian Adatia, Maurice Beghetti, Damien Bonnet, Sheila Haworth, D. Dunbar Ivy, Rolf M.F. Berger
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

Paediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) shares common features of adult disease, but is associated with several additional disorders and challenges that require unique approaches. This article discusses recent advances, ongoing challenges and distinct approaches for the care of children with PAH, as presented by the Paediatric Task Force of the 6th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension. We provide updates of the current definition, epidemiology, classification, diagnostics and treatment of paediatric PAH, and identify critical knowledge gaps. Several features of paediatric PAH including the prominence of neonatal PAH, especially in pre-term infants with developmental lung diseases, and novel genetic causes of paediatric PAH are highlighted. The use of cardiac catheterisation as a diagnostic modality and haemodynamic definitions of PAH, including acute vasoreactivity, are addressed. Updates are provided on issues related to utility of the previous classification system to reflect paediatric-specific aetiologies and approaches to medical and interventional management of PAH, including the Potts shunt. Although a lack of clinical trial data for the use of PAH-targeted therapy persists, emerging data are improving the identification of appropriate targets for goal-oriented therapy in children. Such data will likely improve future clinical trial design to enhance outcomes in paediatric PAH.
Risk of Plasmodium vivax parasitaemia after Plasmodium falciparum infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Robert J Commons, Julie A Simpson, Kamala Thriemer, Mohammad S Hossain, Nicholas M Douglas, Georgina S Humphreys, Carol H Sibley, Philippe J Guerin, Ric N Price
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2018)

A 14-day course of primaquine is used for radical cure of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale malaria only. We quantified the risk of P vivax parasitaemia after treatment of Plasmodium falciparum with commonly used antimalarial drugs to assess the potential benefits of radical cure for all patients with uncomplicated malaria in co-endemic regions.
Abstract 19496: Sleep Quality Change After Catheter Ablation in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation and Relation of Sleep Stability to the Recurrence - 24 Hour Holter Based Cardiopulmonary Coupling Analysis
Authors: Woohyeun Kim, Jin Oh Na
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Sleep instability is highly prevalent in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and evidence supports a causal association of sleep instability with CVD. We investigate the impact...
Abstract 17517: Deficiency of the Iron-Sulfur Scaffold Protein Bola3 Promotes Pulmonary Hypertension by Modulating Mitochondrial and Glycine Metabolism
Authors: Qiujun Yu, Yi-Yin Tai, Ying Tang, Jingsi Zhao, Vinny Negi, Catherine G Corey, John Sembrat, Mauricio Rojas, Omar F Khan, Masataka Sugahara, Nobuyuki Kagiyama, John Gorcsan, Rahul Kumar, Brian B Graham, Robert Langer, Daniel G Anderson, Bing Wang, Sruti Shiva, Stephen Y Chan
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background & Hypothesis: Deficiencies of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters have been linked to pulmonary hypertension (PH), a deadly vascular disease with poorly defined molecular origins. BOLA3 regulate...
Bruton tyrosine kinase degradation as a therapeutic strategy for cancer
Authors: Dennis Dobrovolsky, Eric S. Wang, Sara Morrow, Catharine Leahy, Tyler Faust, Radosław P. Nowak, Katherine A. Donovan, Guang Yang, Zhengnian Li, Eric S. Fischer, Steven P. Treon, David M. Weinstock, Nathanael S. Gray
Journal: Blood (2018)
Septins Recognize and Entrap Dividing Bacterial Cells for Delivery to Lysosomes
Authors: Sina Krokowski, Damián Lobato-Márquez, Arnaud Chastanet, Pedro Matos Pereira, Dimitrios Angelis, Dieter Galea, Gerald Larrouy-Maumus, Ricardo Henriques, Elias T. Spiliotis, Rut Carballido-López, Serge Mostowy
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2018)

The cytoskeleton occupies a central role in cellular immunity by promoting bacterial sensing and antibacterial functions. Septins are cytoskeletal proteins implicated in various cellular processes, including cell division. Septins also assemble into cage-like structures that entrap cytosolic Shigella, yet how septins recognize bacteria is poorly understood. Here, we discover that septins are recruited to regions of micron-scale membrane curvature upon invasion and division by a variety of bacterial species. Cardiolipin, a curvature-specific phospholipid, promotes septin recruitment to highly curved membranes of Shigella, and bacterial mutants lacking cardiolipin exhibit less septin cage entrapment. Chemically inhibiting cell separation to prolong membrane curvature or reducing Shigella cell growth respectively increases and decreases septin cage formation. Once formed, septin cages inhibit Shigella cell division upon recruitment of autophagic and lysosomal machinery. Thus, recognition of dividing bacterial cells by the septin cytoskeleton is a powerful mechanism to restrict the proliferation of intracellular bacterial pathogens.
Abstract 15169: Echocardiographic Reference Values of the Aortic Root Dimensions in Elite Athletes
Authors: Araceli Boraita, María Eugenia Heras, Francisco Morales, Alejandro de la Rosa, María Isabel Barriopedro, Alicia Canda, Manuel Rabadán, Francisco J Calderón, José Tuñon
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: The diagnosis of aortic (Ao) disorders in athletes is complicated by the belief that prolonged and intense exercise training may induce Ao enlargement as a physiological response. There are few studies with a large population of elite athletes (EA) regarding the effects of training on the aorta (Ao). This study was designed to establish the physiological limits of Ao remodeling associated to exercise training. Hypothesis: Since exercise training in EA could induce Ao remodeling, normal Ao dimensions could be greater in EA than in the general population. Method: Cross-sectional study including 4,267 healthy Spanish EA. All of them completed subsequently a minimal follow-up of 4 years without developing any event that precluded them to continue in high competition. There were 1,520 women (age 20.3±5.4 y, BSA 1.65±0.18 m2, 7.7±4.3 years/training and 19.6±10.6 hours/day of training) and 2,742 men (age 22.2±6.2 y, BSA 1.93±0.22 m2, 8.6±5 years/training and 18.9±8.8 hours/day of training). They were categorized into 3 groups according to the dynamic component of Mitchell`s classification (A=Low, B=Moderate, and C=High) and underwent transthoracic echocardiography. The end-diastolic Ao diameters were measured in the parasternal long axis at Ao annulus (AA), sinus of Valsalva (SV), sinotubular junction (SJ), and the maximum diameter of the proximal ascending Ao (Aspx). Results: Table 1 shows Ao measurements corrected by BSA, according to sex and dynamic component of the Mitchell`s classification (P95= percentile 95). Two men had an Ao diameter greater than 40 mm at AA (0.1%), 38 at SV (1.8%), 3 at SJ (0.1%) and 6 at Aspx (0.3%). Fourteen women had an Ao diameter greater than 34 mm at SV (1.1%) and 2 at Aspx (0.1%). Conclusions: Mean diameters of Ao root in healthy EA are within the normal range for the general population both in absolute numbers and after correction for BSA at all levels of dynamic training. These values may be used as a reference to rule out Ao disease in EA.
Salvage Autologous Transplant and Lenalidomide Maintenance Versus Continuous Lenalidomide/Dexamethasone for Relapsed Multiple Myeloma: Results of the Randomized GMMG Phase III Multicenter Trial Relapse
Authors: Hartmut Goldschmidt, Marc-A. Baertsch, Jana Schlenzka, Natalia Becker, Habermehl Christina, Thomas Hielscher, Marc S Raab, Jens Hillengass, Carsten Müller-Tidow, Steffen Luntz, Anna Jauch, Peter Brossart, Martin Goerner, Stefan A Klein, Martin Schmidt-Hieber, Peter Reimer, Ullrich Graeven, Roland Fenk, Mathias Haenel, Hans Martin, Hans-Walter Lindemann, Christoph Scheid, Axel Nogai, Hans Jürgen Salwender, Richard Noppeney, Katja Weisel
Journal: Blood (2018)
Safety and efficacy of nabiximols on spasticity symptoms in patients with motor neuron disease (CANALS): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial
Authors: Nilo Riva, Gabriele Mora, Gianni Sorarù, Christian Lunetta, Ottavia E Ferraro, Yuri Falzone, Letizia Leocani, Raffaella Fazio, Mauro Comola, Giancarlo Comi, Fabio Formaglio, Paolo Rossi, Marta Clerici, Yuri Matteo Falzone, Laura Pozzi, Daniele Martinelli, Federica Cerri, Ignazio Diego Lopez, Filippo Martinelli-Boneschi, Angelo Quattrini, Elisabetta Pieri, Kalliopi Marinou, Giorgia Querin, Valeria Sansone, Eleonora Maestri, Andrea Calvo, Adriano Chio
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2018)
P03.25 Impact of PCR based molecular analysis in daily diagnosis for the patient with gliomas
Authors: K. Yokogami, S. Yamashita
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Introduction: WHO2016 CNS update requires combined histological-molecular classification. Previously, we assessed major IDH mutation and oligo-like character with immunohistochemistry. However, it is not enough to integrated diagnosis. Here, we present the sensitive, simple and cheap techniques for assessment of molecular information in daily diagnosis. Objectives and methods: Total 82 patients with gliomas assessed. Included patients are 36 glioblastomas, an anaplastic astrocytoma, 12 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, 3 oligoastrocytomas, 11 anaplastic oligoastrocytomas, 7 oligodendrogliomas, 5 pilocytic astrocytomas and 7 pontine gliomas. Pathological diagnosis was performed with several staining including IDH1R132H, NKX2.2 and olig2. For assessment of 1p/19q LOH, FISH and PCR based microsatellite analysis (MS) were performed. For assessment of IDH, BRAF, H3F3A mutation, direct sequencing and qPCR using high resolution melting (HRM) were performed Results 1. For assessment of 1p/19q LOH codeletion, FISH using commercially available Vysis probe had a risk of high false positive rate compared with MS analysis. High immunopositivity against Olig2 and NKX2.2 correlated with 19q partial deletion. 2. For assessment of point mutations such as IDH, BRAFV600E, H3F3A, HRM is highly sensitive and low-cost technique compared with direct sequencing, Conclusion PCR based molecular analysis is a simple and an accurate technique in daily diagnosis, which is available for small lab.
Sorafenib for Advanced and Refractory Desmoid Tumors
Authors: Mrinal M. Gounder, Michelle R. Mahoney, Brian A. Van Tine, Vinod Ravi, Steven Attia, Hari A. Deshpande, Abha A. Gupta, Mohammed M. Milhem, Robert M. Conry, Sujana Movva, Michael J. Pishvaian, Richard F. Riedel, Tarek Sabagh, William D. Tap, Natally Horvat, Ethan Basch, Lawrence H. Schwartz, Robert G. Maki, Narasimhan P. Agaram, Robert A. Lefkowitz, Yousef Mazaheri, Rikiya Yamashita, John J. Wright, Amylou C. Dueck, Gary K. Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

Desmoid tumors (also referred to as aggressive fibromatosis) are connective tissue neoplasms that can arise in any anatomical location and infiltrate the mesentery, neurovascular structures, and visceral organs. There is no standard of care.In this double-blind, phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned 87 patients with progressive, symptomatic, or recurrent desmoid tumors to receive either sorafenib (400-mg tablet once daily) or matching placebo. Crossover to the sorafenib group was permitted for patients in the placebo group who had disease progression. The primary end point was investigator-assessed progression-free survival; rates of objective response and adverse events were also evaluated.With a median follow-up of 27.2 months, the 2-year progression-free survival rate was 81% (95% confidence interval [CI], 69 to 96) in the sorafenib group and 36% (95% CI, 22 to 57) in the placebo group (hazard ratio for progression or death, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.31; P<0.001). Before crossover, the objective response rate was 33% (95% CI, 20 to 48) in the sorafenib group and 20% (95% CI, 8 to 38) in the placebo group. The median time to an objective response among patients who had a response was 9.6 months (interquartile range, 6.6 to 16.7) in the sorafenib group and 13.3 months (interquartile range, 11.2 to 31.1) in the placebo group. The objective responses are ongoing. Among patients who received sorafenib, the most frequently reported adverse events were grade 1 or 2 events of rash (73%), fatigue (67%), hypertension (55%), and diarrhea (51%).Among patients with progressive, refractory, or symptomatic desmoid tumors, sorafenib significantly prolonged progression-free survival and induced durable responses. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02066181 .).
Author Correction: Estimated GFR: time for a critical appraisal
Authors: Esteban Porrini, Piero Ruggenenti, Sergio Luis-Lima, Fabiola Carrara, Alejandro Jiménez, Aiko P. J. de Vries, Armando Torres, Flavio Gaspari, Giuseppe Remuzzi
Journal: Nature Reviews Nephrology (2018)
A Pharmacological Perspective on the Study of Taste
Authors: R. Kyle Palmer
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2018)

The study of taste has been guided throughout much of its history by the conceptual framework of psychophysics, where the focus was on quantification of the subjective experience of the taste sensations. By the mid-20th century, data from physiologic studies had accumulated sufficiently to assemble a model for the function of receptors that must mediate the initial stimulus of tastant molecules in contact with the tongue. But the study of taste as a receptor-mediated event did not gain momentum until decades later when the actual receptor proteins and attendant signaling mechanisms were identified and localized to the highly specialized taste-responsive cells of the tongue. With those discoveries a new opportunity to examine taste as a function of receptor activity has come into focus. Pharmacology is the science designed specifically for the experimental interrogation and quantitative characterization of receptor function at all levels of inquiry from molecules to behavior. This review covers the history of some of the major concepts that have shaped thinking and experimental approaches to taste, the seminal discoveries that have led to elucidation of receptors for taste, and how applying principles of receptor pharmacology can enhance understanding of the mechanisms of taste physiology and perception.
Economic burden of bronchiectasis in Germany
Authors: Roland Diel, James D. Chalmers, Klaus F. Rabe, Albert Nienhaus, Robert Loddenkemper, Felix C. Ringshausen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

Estimates of healthcare costs for incident bronchiectasis patients are currently not available for any European country. Out of a sample of 4 859 013 persons covered by German statutory health insurance companies, 231 new bronchiectasis patients were identified in 2012. They were matched with 685 control patients by age, sex and Charlson Comorbidity Index, and followed for 3 years. The total direct expenditure during that period per insured bronchiectasis patient was EUR18 634.57 (95% CI EUR15 891.02–23 871.12), nearly one-third higher (ratio of mean 1.31, 95% CI 1.02–1.68) than for a matched control (p&lt;0.001). Hospitalisation costs contributed to 35% of the total and were &gt;50% higher in the bronchiectasis group (ratio of mean 1.56, 95% CI 1.20–3.01; p&lt;0.001); on average, bronchiectasis patients spent 4.9 (95% CI 2.27–7.43) more days in hospital (p&lt;0.001). Antibiotics expenditures per bronchiectasis outpatient (EUR413.81) were nearly 5 times higher than those for a matched control (ratio of mean 4.85, 95% CI 2.72–8.64). Each bronchiectasis patient had on average 40.5 (95% CI 17.1–43.5) sick-leave days and induced work-loss costs of EUR4230.49 (95% CI EUR2849.58–5611.20). The mortality rate for bronchiectasis and matched non-bronchiectasis patients after 3 years of follow-up was 26.4% and 10.5%, respectively (p&lt;0.001). Mortality in the bronchiectasis group was higher among those who also had chronic obstructive lung disease than in patients with bronchiectasis alone (35.9% and 14.6%, respectively; p&lt;0.001). Although bronchiectasis is considered underdiagnosed, the mortality and associated financial burden in Germany are substantial.
Inhibition of complement C1s improves severe hemolytic anemia in cold agglutinin disease: a first-in-human trial
Authors: Ulrich Jäger, Shirley D’Sa, Christian Schörgenhofer, Johann Bartko, Ulla Derhaschnig, Christian Sillaber, Petra Jilma-Stohlawetz, Michael Fillitz, Thomas Schenk, Gary Patou, Sandip Panicker, Graham C. Parry, James C. Gilbert, Bernd Jilma
Journal: Blood (2018)
Development and Validation of a Scoring System That Includes Corrected QT Interval for Risk Analysis of Patients With Cirrhosis and Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Maurizio Biselli, Annagiulia Gramenzi, Barbara Lenzi, Marco Dall’Agata, Monica Loreta Pierro, Giovanni Perricone, Marta Tonon, Luca Bellettato, Gennaro D’Amico, Paolo Angeli, Silvia Boffelli, Maria Elena Bonavita, Marco Domenicali, Paolo Caraceni, Mauro Bernardi, Franco Trevisani
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2018)