tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Infection status of Epstein-Barr virus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Authors: Jianyun Xiao, Suping Zhao, Yongquan Tian, Weihong Jiang, Jinping Lai
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

343  Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a serious health care problem in the southern area of China. In order to provide evidence for elucidating the relationship between EBV infection and the occurrence of NPC, therefore this study explored the EBV (Epstein-Barr Virus) DNA levels in patients with NPC. Tumor, adjacent, and normal nasopharyngeal tissues were simultaneously collected from 47 patients with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of nasopharynx, while 21 tumor tissue samples obtained from other types of head and neck cancer patients and 10 nasopharyngeal tissue samples from healthy volunteers served as the control. All specimens were tested for the presence of the EBV DNA copy levels using Real-time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays. In situ hybridization (digoxigenin-labeled Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small nuclear RNA 1 oligonucleotide probe) was also employed to localize EBV in these specimens. Our results showed that all of the tumor and adjacent tissues (47/47), 72.3% (34/47) of relatively normal nasopharyngeal tissues from NPC patients, 61.9% (13/21) of other head and neck cancer tissues, and 80% (8/10) of the normal nasopharyngeal tissues were positive for EBV DNA with mean copies of 6.9×105, 1.5x105,9.8×103, 1.2×104, and 6.7×102 per microgram DNA, respectively. There were no significant differences in infection rates and levels of EBV among the relatively normal nasopharyngeal tissues of NPC, the tumor tissues of other head and neck cancers, and nasopharyngeal tissues of healthy subjects. However, the differences of EBV levels among the tumor, the adjacent, and the relatively normal nasopharyngeal tissues from NPC patients were significantly different. In situ hybridization also showed that EBER-I expression signal was not detected in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells of NPC, but weakly expressed in non-proliferation cells of the adjacent tissues and strongly expressed in the cancer cells of NPC. Taken together, our results suggest that latent infection of the EBV commonly exists in the nasopharyngeal tissues of both NPC patients and healthy individuals. However, the infection levels gradually increase from the normal nasopharyngeal tissues, adjacent tissues, to the tumor tissues in patients with NPC. Therefore, the transition of infection status of EBV might be a good predictor for nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis.
Polymorphisms of RecQ1, RAD54L, ATM and XRCC1 genes and prognosis of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Donghui Li, Douglas B. Evans, Kenneth Hess, Marsha Frazier, James L. Abbruzzese
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

1214  Genetic variation in DNA repair genes may affect the clinical response to cytotoxic therapies in cancer patients and elucidating such associations will provide valuable information towards genomically tailored medicine. The overall goal of our study is to determine if single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in genes involved in DNA homologous recombination repair (HRR), base excision repair (BER) and DNA damage response influence clinical outcome of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We evaluated 15 SNPs of 10 genes involved in HRR (RecQ1, RAD54L, XRCC2, XRCC3), BER (XRCC1, POLB, LIG3, LIG4, APEX1) and DNA damage response gene ATM using the MassCode and PCR-RFLP methods in a series of 92 patients with resectable or potentially resectable tumors and were treated with neoadjuvant concurrent gemcitabine and radiotherapy with or without a component of induction gemcitabine/cisplatin at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center during February 1999 to August 2004 and followed up to Oct. 2005. Response to the pretreatment was assessed by evaluating time to tumor progression and overall survival. Kaplan-Meier plot, log-rank test and Cox regression were used to compare survival of patients according to genotype. Sixty-two of the patients responded to the pretreatment and received curative surgery. There are 57 deaths (62%) up to date. The RecQ1 A159C, RAD54L C157T, XRCC1 R194W, and ATM T-77C genotypes had a significant effect on the overall survival with a log rank P values of 0.001, 0.004, 0.001 and 0.02, respectively. The strongest genetic effect on survival was observed for the RecQ1 A159C, with median survival time of 18.9 and 13.1 months for the AC and CC genotypes, respectively, compared with a mean survival time of 46.9 months for the AA wild-type. At the end of the study, about 62% of the AA genotype carriers were still alive, compared with 25% of the AC and 26% of the CC genotype carriers. A strong gene-dosage effect of the four genotypes was observed. Patients with none of the adverse genotypes had a mean survival time of 62.1 months, and those with 1, 2, or ≥3 at-risk alleles had median survival times of 27.5, 14.4, and 9.9 months, respectively (P
The FDA Metformin Label Change and Racial and Sex Disparities in Metformin Prescription among Patients with CKD
Authors: Jung-Im Shin, Yingying Sang, Alex R. Chang, Stephan C. Dunning, Josef Coresh, Lesley A. Inker, Elizabeth Selvin, Shoshana H. Ballew, Morgan E. Grams
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Significance Statement Because race and sex affect serum creatinine levels independently of GFR, the Food and Drug Administration’s previous creatinine-based metformin contraindication may have inadvertently caused racial and sex disparities in metformin prescription among patients with diabetes and moderate kidney dysfunction. It is unknown whether these disparities were mitigated after a 2016 labeling change to an eGFR-based contraindication. The authors found that before the labeling change, among patients with eGFR of 30–44 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 , Black patients and men were underprescribed metformin for diabetes compared with White patients and women, respectively. Racial and sex disparities were attenuated in patients with eGFR of 30–44 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 after the label change. These results suggest that drug dosing recommendations solely on the basis of serum creatinine may cause racial and sex disparities in its use. Background In 2016, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) changed labeling regarding metformin contraindications in patients with diabetes and CKD from using serum creatinine–based thresholds to using eGFR-based thresholds. Because race and sex affect serum creatinine levels independently of GFR, the earlier creatinine-based contraindication may have inadvertently caused racial and sex disparities in metformin prescription among patients with low eGFR. Methods In an analysis of 15,946 Black and White primary care patients with diabetes and eGFR≥30 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 in a large health system (the primary cohort), we assessed the association of race and sex with metformin prescription across eGFR level before and after the FDA label change. For a replication cohort, we meta-analyzed data from 36 cohorts with 1,051,723 patients from OptumLabs Data Warehouse. Results In the primary cohort, before the label change, Black patients with eGFR of 30–44 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 were prescribed metformin less often than White counterparts (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.52 to 0.82); this disparity was significantly attenuated after the label change (aPR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.09; P value for interaction by period =0.04). Results were consistent in the replication cohorts. Men with eGFR of 30–44 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 received metformin prescriptions less often than women counterparts before the label change; this was nonsignificantly attenuated after the label change, but we found significant attenuation in the replication cohorts (aPR pre-label change , 0.76; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.79; aPR post-label change , 0.85; 95% CI, 0.83 to 0.88; P value for interaction by period &lt;0.001). Conclusions The metformin label change to an eGFR-based contraindication may have reduced racial and sex disparities in metformin prescription in moderate kidney dysfunction.
Telemedicine for Cancer Care in the Time of COVID-19
Authors: Trevor J. Royce, Hanna K. Sanoff, Amar Rewari
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

Telemedicine for Cancer Care in the Time of COVID-19 On March 30, 2020, the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) released an interim final rule that capped off a dizzying month of temporarily loosening regulations to give health care professionals maximum flexibility in responding to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. 1A primary goal of this regulatory flexibility, enabled by the President's declaration of a national emergency and the declaration of the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) of a public health emergency, is the promotion of virtual medicine by expanding coverage for telehealth services to Medicare beneficiaries.Telehealth may facilitate US citizens' access to essential health benefits while respecting physical distancing, an essential disease spread mitigation strategy for COVID-19. 2With a vulnerable patient population, these changes have already had a widespread effect on the delivery of oncology services during the pandemic and may yet have unforeseen effects. 3We herein review the changes and consider their effects on quality of care.
Case 24-2020: A 44-Year-Old Woman with Chest Pain, Dyspnea, and Shock
Authors: Christopher Newton-Cheh, Daniel A. Zlotoff, Judy Hung, Andrey Rupasov, Jerome C. Crowley, Masaki Funamoto
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

A Woman with Chest Pain, Dyspnea, and Shock A 44-year-old woman presented with cough, dyspnea, and chest pain. On examination, she had tachycardia and hypotension. Evaluation revealed SARS-CoV-2 RN...
Redefining fundamental concepts of transcription initiation in bacteria
Authors: Citlalli Mejía-Almonte, Stephen J. W. Busby, Joseph T. Wade, Jacques van Helden, Adam P. Arkin, Gary D. Stormo, Karen Eilbeck, Bernhard O. Palsson, James E. Galagan, Julio Collado-Vides
Journal: Nature Reviews Genetics (2020)
Implications of Including Hospital Do-Not-Resuscitate Rates in Risk Adjustment for Pay-for-Performance Programs
Authors: Renda Soylemez Wiener, Amber E. Barnato
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Benjamin D. Pollock, PhD, MSPH; Jeph Herrin, PhD; Matthew R. Neville, MS; Sean C. Dowdy, MD; Pablo Moreno Franco, MD; Nilay D. Shah, PhD; Henry H. Ting, MD
AB1277 AUTOANTIBODIES IN NLRP3-ASSOCIATED AUTOINFLAMMATORY DISEASE: A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: L. Zhang, Y. Sun, Y. Li, W. Yu, Y. Wang, D. Wu, W. Zhang, M. Shen, R. Wang
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: We present the first report of high-titer autoantibodies in NLRP3 -associated autoinflammatory disease( NLRP3 -AID).Because systemic autoinflammatory disease(SAID) is characterised by the lack of autoreactive T-cells or autoantibodies,we made a systemic review on the theme of autoantibody in SAID to clarify this phenomenon. Objectives: We present the first report of high-titer autoantibodies NLRP 3-AID, and discuss autoantibody in classical SAID. Methods: We collected the clinical data of the patient with NLRP3 -AID who had high-titer autoantibodies,and made a systemic review about autoantibody in SAID. Results: A 38-year-old Chinese Han patient was definitely diagnosed as NLRP3 -AID because of cold-triggered urticaria-like rash and fever,arthralgia,binaural sensorineural deafness,chronic meningitis,high inflammatory marker and de novo NLRP3 T348M variant. Figure 1 shows pedigree of the patient.Meanwhile,she had positive antinuclear antibody(ANA) with a nucleolar pattern of 1:160, positive anti-β2GPI antibody 54-68 AU/ml (normal range &lt; 20 AU/ml) and positive lupus anticoagulant 1.24-1.29 (normal range ≤ 1.2). Literature review found that 13 articles reported autoantibodies in Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), and there was no autoantibody reported in hyperimmunoglobulinemia D syndrome (HIDS),TNF receptor–associated periodic syndrome(TRAPS) and NLRP3 -AID. The prevalence of ANA,anti-dsDNA,RF and anti-CCP in patients with FMF was similar to healthy controls. Fig. 1. Pedigree of the patient. The black arrow indicates the proband. The asterisks indicate the individuals who had clinical manifestations and carry the NLRP3 T348M variant. Conclusion: Patients with NLRP3 -AID can have high-titer ANA and APLs by accident. If patients with high-titer autoantibodies have characteristic manifestations of SAIDs instead of typical features of autoimmune diseases, we should make the final diagnosis through detailed investigation and genetic testing. References: [1]Ben-Chetrit E, Gattorno M, Gul A, et al. Consensus proposal for taxonomy and definition of the autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs): a Delphi study. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2018; 77(11): 1558-65. [2]Kuemmerle-Deschner JB, Ozen S, Tyrrell PN, et al. Diagnostic criteria for cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS). Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2017; 76(6): 942-7. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Snare-tip soft coagulation is effective and efficient as a first-line modality for treating intraprocedural bleeding during Barrett’s mucosectomy
Authors: Sergei Vosko, Sunil Gupta, Neal Shahidi, Luke F. Hourigan, W. Arnout van Hattem, Iddo Bar-Yishay, Scott Schoeman, Mayenaaz Sidhu, Nicholas G. Burgess, Eric Y. T. Lee, Michael J. Bourke
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Background Intraprocedural bleeding (IPB) during multiband mucosectomy (MBM) for Barrett’s neoplasia can obscure the endoscopic field. Current hemostatic devices may affect procedure continuity and technical success. Snare-tip soft coagulation (STSC) as a first-line therapy for primary hemostasis has not previously been studied in this setting. Methods Between January 2014 and November 2019, 191 consecutive patients underwent 292 MBM procedures for Barrett’s neoplasia within a prospective observational cohort in two tertiary care centers. A standard MBM technique was performed. IPB was defined as bleeding obscuring the endoscopic field that required intervention. The primary outcome was the technical success and efficacy of STSC. Results IPB occurred in 63 MBM procedures (21.6 %; 95 % confidence interval 17.3 % – 26.7 %). STSC was attempted as first-line therapy in 51 IPBs, with the remainder requiring alternate therapies because of pooling of blood. STSC achieved hemostasis in 48 cases (94.1 % by per-protocol analysis; 76.2 % by intention-to-treat analysis). No apparatus disassembly was required to perform STSC. Conclusions STSC is a safe, effective, and efficient first-line hemostatic modality for IPB during MBM for Barrett’s neoplasia.
Comment on Mäkimattila et al. Every Fifth Individual With Type 1 Diabetes Suffers From an Additional Autoimmune Disease: A Finnish Nationwide Study. Diabetes Care 2020;43:1041–1047
Authors: Giuseppe Bellastella, Maria Ida Maiorino, Katherine Esposito
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

We read with interest the article by Makimattila et al. (1) reporting the prevalence of autoimmune diseases (ADs) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study, an ongoing, nationwide, multicenter study aimed at identifying genetic and environmental risk factors for complications of diabetes (1). ADs were identified by linking the data of the FinnDiane cohort (4,758 T1D patients, with a median age of 51.4 years and a median duration of disease of 35.5 years) with those from the nationwide health registries. Makimattila et al. (1) report that 22.8% of their T1D patients had at …
Silica nanoparticles: A promising platform for enhanced oral delivery of macromolecules
Authors: Muhammad Mustafa Abeer, Prarthana Rewatkar, Zhi Qu, Meghna Talekar, Freddy Kleitz, Roman Schmid, Mika Lindén, Tushar Kumeria, Amirali Popat
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2020)
A Rare Case of Solitary Pituitary Metastasis From Spitzoid Melanoma Detected by FDG PET/CT
Authors: Salvatore Annunziata, Alessio Annovazzi, Rosella Pasqualoni, Serenella Bergomi, Rosa Sciuto
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract A 33-year-old man had a diagnosis of a spitzoid melanoma by dorsal skin biopsy. During the oncological follow-up, patient underwent whole-body FDG PET/CT for restaging purpose. FDG PET/CT showed a large necrotic mass of the pituitary gland, subsequently confirming a solitary pituitary metastasis from spitzoid melanoma.
Growth inhibitory effects of capsorbin and beta-carotene in prostatic cancer cell line
Authors: Harukuni Tokuda, Fumio Enjo, Takashi Maoka, Kooichi Mochida, Junko Takayasu, Masakazu Ogata, Hoyoku Nishino
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

6080  Ripe fruit of red paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) are used widely as vegetables and food colorants, which are good source of carotenoid pigments. The red carotenoids in paprika are mainly capsanthin and capsourbin having 3-hydroxy k-end group, and showed strong quenching activity of single oxygen and also showed inhibition of lipid peroxidation induced by free radical. Furthermore, these carotenoid suppressed the generation of superoxide and nitric oxide from differentiated human promelocytic HL-60 cells and mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, respectively. Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer. However, prostate cancer is slow growth compared with other malignancy, it can be perphaps controlled by treatment of carotenoids. We investigated whether carpsourbin(Crb.) potentially induced chemopreventive effects on human prostate cancer. The inhibitory effect of Crb and beta-carotene (b-Car.) on the growth of DU-145 and PC-3 were evaluated. Crb. and b- Car. significantly inhibit the growth of cells to 12.2 % and 4.8 % for PC-3 cells, 31.1 % and 26.3 % for DU-145 cells respectively at the concentration of each carotenoids of 35 uM. Western blot analysis shows apparent reduction of cyclin D1 in PC3 cells treated with both Crb. and b-Car. However, DU-145 shows no changes of cyclin D1, cyclin A, p16 and cdk2. Both Crb. and b-Car. were rather effective on the inhibition of PC3 cells than DU-145 cells. These results suggested that the growth inhibitory effects of cancer cells by edible carotenoid might be related to the induction of cell cycle arrest, and thus these naturally occurring substances might be a potential candidate for further developing cancer chemopreventive agent.
Apoptosis regulation by androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer biology
Authors: Damodaran Chendil, Sowmyalakshmi Srinivasan, Rama Ranga
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

1480  Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death in American men. Androgen and androgen receptor (AR) play vital roles in all phases of PCa development. Thus, inhibition of AR function is a major treatment option for PCa, which eventually becomes refractory to such hormonal therapy. Hence, it is crucial to identify novel therapies that can inhibit both AR-dependent (AR+) and AR-independent (AR-) PCa. A pro-apoptotic gene, prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) is up-regulated during apoptosis in PCa cells. However, in most PCa cells, Par-4 is either nonfunctional or current therapies fail to up-regulate Par-4, thereby creating a major obstacle for the treatment of PCa. Our focus is to identify agents that will restore Par-4 function and consequently initiate the apoptotic cascade in PCa cells. Our preliminary studies show that Withaferin-A (WA), a major constituent of the herb Withania somnifera, is capable of inducing apoptosis in AR- PC-3 cells by up-regulating Par-4 expression and translocating Par-4 to the nucleus. Recent in vivo xenograft assays substantiate these in vitro findings and show that WA inhibits tumor growth by inducing apoptosis. Moreover, suppression of Par-4 by dominant negative constructs or restoration of AR-signaling in AR- PC-3 results in inhibition of WA-induced apoptosis. In AR+ PCa cells or normal immortalized PzHPV-7 cells, WA neither induced Par-4 expression nor translocated Par-4 to the nucleus; accordingly, WA failed to induce apoptosis in these cells. However, in combination with AR inhibitors, WA elevated Par-4 levels, translocated Par-4 to the nucleus, and induced apoptosis in AR+ PCa cells. These data suggest that WA is cancer-selective in its action and not toxic to normal cells. These targets can be exploited to develop chemotherapeutic and/or chemoprevention strategies for androgen-dependent and androgen-independent PCa.
Computer-assisted detection of diminutive and small colon polyps by colonoscopy using an extra-wide-area-view colonoscope
Authors: Toshio Uraoka, Shinji Tanaka, Yutaka Saito, Takayuki Matsumoto, Shiko Kuribayashi, Keisuke Hori, Hisao Tajiri
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Recently, artificial intelligence (AI), especially using deep learning such as convolutional neural networks, has made great improvements in image recognition. The application of AI to computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) and computer-assisted detection (CADe) in gastrointestinal endoscopic imaging is expected to assist the nonexpert colonoscopist. Moreover, in several reports high accuracy has been achieved for real-time detection and localization of colon polyps [1] [2]. However, previous reports have been limited to colonoscopes with the conventional angle of view, and the CADe system cannot detect polyps that are out of sight. A prototype extra-wide-area-view colonoscope (EWAVC) has two lenses, a 160°-to-240°-angle lateral – backward-view lens and a standard 160°-angle forward-view lens; views from both these lenses are simultaneously constructed and displayed on a video monitor as a single image (Olympus Co., Tokyo, Japan) ([Fig. 1 a, b]) [3] [4]. This novel endoscopic image is expected to assist in achieving a higher adenoma detection rate and a reduced polyp miss rate. Current drawbacks are that endoscopists are not familiar with the lateral–backward view, and the wider-view monitor has the potential to cause endoscopists to overlook polyps that are in view.
Serology testing in the COVID-19 pandemic response
Authors: Rosanna W Peeling, Catherine J Wedderburn, Patricia J Garcia, Debrah Boeras, Noah Fongwen, John Nkengasong, Amadou Sall, Amilcar Tanuri, David L Heymann
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2020)

The collapse of global cooperation and a failure of international solidarity have led to many low-income and middle-income countries being denied access to molecular diagnostics in the COVID-19 pandemic response. Yet the scarcity of knowledge on the dynamics of the immune response to infection has led to hesitation on recommending the use of rapid immunodiagnostic tests, even though rapid serology tests are commercially available and scalable. On the basis of our knowledge and understanding of viral infectivity and host response, we urge countries without the capacity to do molecular testing at scale to research the use of serology tests to triage symptomatic patients in community settings, to test contacts of confirmed cases, and in situational analysis and surveillance. The WHO R&D Blue Print expert group identified eight priorities for research and development, of which the highest is to mobilise research on rapid point-of-care diagnostics for use at the community level. This research should inform control programmes of the required performance and utility of rapid serology tests, which, when applied specifically for appropriate public health measures to then be put in place, can make a huge difference.