tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P5-12-13: Changing level of serum heat shock protein 90 alpha as a diagnostic and predictive marker in breast cancer: Diagnosis of early breast cancer and prediction of response to neo-adjuvant and surgical therapy
Authors: N Hu, M Li, A Zhu, F Du, P Yuan
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract To analyze the correlation of the level of serum heat shock protein 90α (HSP-90α) in healthy and breast cancer patients, studying the evaluation of neoadjuvant efficacy and Clinical value of relapse monitoring. A total of 102 healthy women were selected, 51 cases of breast benign tumor ,423 cases of female breast cancer all diagnosed by pathology,other system malignancies 62 cases. ALL the serum samples HSP-90αwas detected by double-antibody ELISA. The CEA, CA125,CA15-3 were detected by Roche Cobas ECL analyzer. The ROC curve was used to analyze the effectiveness of serum HSP-90α in the early diagnosis of breast cancer. The dynamic changes of HSP-90αlevel before and after treatment were analyzed by Wilcoxon's rank test. Moreover, we also combine the HSP-90αwith CEA,CA125,CA15-3 to evaluate the clinical value of monitoring the recurrence of breast cancer. The levels of serum HSP-90α (123.49 ± 105.1ng / ml) in breast cancer patients wes significantly higher than that in healthy controls (40.33 ± 14.18ng / ml), benign breast disease (80.15 ± 103.09ng / ml) and carcinoma in situ (34.7 ± (114.31 ± 146.91ng / ml),the difference was statistically significant (P &amp;lt;0.001). .According to the ROC curve analysis of patients and healthy subjects, the cut-offvalue was set as HSP-90=59.7ng / ml, AUC=0.834, the sensitivity and specificity to diagnosis of breast cancer was 90.3% and 78.6% respectively ,the negative predictive value was 93.88%.The levels of serum HSP-90α was significantly decreased (P &amp;lt;0.05) after tumor resection and the patients who obtain PR from the neoadjuvant chemotherapy. When HSP-90=43.22ng / ml was set as the cut-off value for diagnosing the recurrence of breast cancer, AUC=0.877,the sensitivity and specificity were 95.7% and 74.5% respectively, and the negative predictive value was 96.2%. At the same time, we find that combined HSP-90α with CEA, CA125, CA15-3 can improve the accuracy of recurrence prediction. Serum HSP-90α has a good clinical diagnostic value in breast cancer and can be used as a recurrence monitoring tool for post-adjuvant treatment patients. Citation Format: Hu N, Li M, Zhu A, Du F, Yuan P. Changing level of serum heat shock protein 90 alpha as a diagnostic and predictive marker in breast cancer: Diagnosis of early breast cancer and prediction of response to neo-adjuvant and surgical therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-12-13.
The BMAT explained (valid for 2015-16)
Authors: Phillipa Brothwood
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The Biomedical Admissions Test (BMAT) is one of the entrance exams that medical schools require applicants to sit when they apply to study medicine. Of the 33 undergraduate courses available, six use the BMAT as part of their admissions policy, including Oxford and Cambridge. Unlike the UK clinical aptitude test (UKCAT), applicants sit the BMAT after they have submitted their application to UCAS, taking the exam on the same day in November. For the 2015-16 application, the date for the exam is 4 November 2015. You may only sit it once during every application cycle, and it costs between £44 and £75.50, depending on when you register. Registration to take the test can begin from 1 September 2015, and you can register up until 15 October 2015. This article provides an introduction to the BMAT, explains how it is marked, and gives tips on preparing for the exam.

The BMAT is divided into three sections. The first two sections—aptitude and skills, and scientific knowledge and applications—are in a multiple choice format, and the last section is a writing task. The exam must be taken without a calculator, so brush up on your basic mental maths and working without a calculator beforehand. Table 1⇓ shows the timings and how many questions you need to answer in each BMAT section.

View this table:

Table 1 
Timings for the BMAT



### Aptitude and skills section

The first BMAT section is …
Abstract 18437: Exercise Capacity in Patients With Heart Failure: Impact of Locomotor Muscle Afferents
Authors: Erik H Van Iterson, Michael J Joyner, Bruce D Johnson, Timothy B Curry, Eric J Bruhn, Thomas P Olson
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Exercise intolerance is a hallmark feature of human heart failure (HF); however, the underlying mechanisms and subsequent treatment strategies remain unresolved. We have previously de...
Abstract MS1-2: Deep learning systems for reading mammograms and breast tomosynthesis
Authors: N Karssemeijer
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Recent breakthroughs in machine learning resulted in powerful techniques that allow reseachers to accelerate development of automated systems for interpreting medical images. With the use of deep learning and very large training databases, limitations of conventional computer aided detection (CAD) systems, which are widely used in mammography, can be overcome. It is expected that in the coming years algorithms will become more accurate that human readers for interpreting screening mammograms. This will enable physicians to substantially increase quality of mammography. It also will reduce the need for human resources, which is important because many countries face challenges with recruitment of mammographers. In the presentation, experimental study results will be presented which illustrate that deep learning systems are approaching the level of performance of human readers and that there is potential to increase the quality of automated interpretation of mammograms and breast tomosynthesis beyond to the level of experts Citation Format: Karssemeijer N. Deep learning systems for reading mammograms and breast tomosynthesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr MS1-2.
Enhanced tumor specific immune response by combination of low and high energy high intensity focused ultrasound therapy in a murine tumor
Authors: Huagang Zhang, Ralf Seip, Laibin Liu, Rajiv Sharma, Patrice Cohen, Subhrojit Saha, Madhur Garg, Wohsing Chen, Naren Sanghvi, Chandan Guha
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

2091  High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a non-invassive treatment that can induce temperature elevation resulting in coagulative necrosis and tumor ablation. HIFU frequently uses high energy (1300-2000 W/cm2) and at 4 MHz. In contrast, low energy HIFU operating at focal intensity (~500 W/cm2) and frequency 1 MHz induces membrane perturbations and mild hyperthermia, maintaining cell viability and avoiding tissue cavitation. Although HIFU has been used for tumor ablation, we wanted to explore immuno-modulatory roles of HIFU. We hypothesized that repeated cycles of Low-HIFU, followed by High-HIFU (1 day post-low-HIFU), could release tumor-derived peptide-heat shock proteins (peptide-hsp) and induce systemic tumor-specific immune response that would enhance control of both local and systemic disease. RM-1-OT murine prostate cancer cells, transfected with ovalbumin (OVA) gene were used as footpad and flank tumors in C57BL/6 mice. Since RM-1-OT expresses ovalbumin, immune responses to OVA can be monitored as a surrogate for tumor-specific immunity. Palpable tumors (3-5 mm) were treated with Low or High-HIFU or a combination of low- and high-HIFU, weekly for 3 wks. Animals were monitored for adverse effects and tumor growth. Levels of HSP 70 protein in tumor homogenates and serum were measured by ELISA, 6 and 24 hours after HIFU. At the end of experiments (3 wks), splenocyte phenotypes and tumor-specific, IFN-γ-secreting T-helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were assessed by FACS, IFN-γ ELISPOT and functional CD107 mobilization assay, respectively. Additionally, tumor specific antibodies were evaluated by indirect ELISA assay.  Low-HIFU alone did not affect tumor growth while High-HIFU had an intermediate effect. The combination of the Low+High HIFU treatment was the most effective in reducing tumor growth compared to other cohorts (P
Abstract P3-13-12: The margin of breast-conserving surgery when ductal carcinoma <i>in situ</i> is present within invasive ductal carcinoma
Authors: J Chen, A Ro, Q-W Tan, Z Wang, HR Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Objective: The presence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) may increase the rates of positive margins and re-excision. Literature addressing this association is limited. This study aimed to explore the factors that are associated with positive margins and re-excision, as well as to evaluate the influence of positive margins on the survival of patients with breast cancer containing both invasive and in situ ductal carcinoma. Methods: A retrospective medical chart review of patients diagnosed with DCIS within IDC who underwent BCS at the Revlon/UCLA Breast Center between January 2003 and December 2008 was performed. Results: Of the 488 eligible patients, 267 patients (53.9%) underwent re-excision. The presence of residual disease upon re-excision was the highest in patients who initially had positive margins involved by both DCIS and IDC. In multivariate analysis, calcifications, tumor size, positive lymph nodes, and the presence of extensive intraductal component (EIC) were significantly associated with initial positive margins, with the latter having the highest hazard ratio (HR, 5.5–5.7, P = 0.000). Tumor size, molecular subtype, and final margin status were associated with disease-free survival. The final margin and regional lymph node status are significant prognosticators for breast cancer-specific survival. Conclusions: In patients with ductal carcinoma of the breast containing both invasive and in situ components, the rate of initial positive margin after BCS was high and was significantly associated with calcifications, tumor size, regional lymph node status, and the presence of EIC. Citation Format: Chen J, Ro A, Tan Q-W, Wang Z, Chang HR. The margin of breast-conserving surgery when ductal carcinoma in situ is present within invasive ductal carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-13-12.
Abstract P5-03-05: Model of acquired resistance to the tyrphostin NT157 in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer
Authors: RC Ekyalongo, R Abdelwahab, A Holtz, A Sabet, D Yee
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract As previously reported, the small-molecule tyrphostin NT157 binds to the type I insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) beta subunit (IGF-IRβ) resulting in degradation of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) adaptor proteins and inhibits growth of tamoxifen sensitive and resistant ER+ breast cancer cells (Yang, Y. et al. Horm Canc, in press). To investigate effects related to long-term NT157 exposure on IGF signaling, we incubated T47D parental cells in increasing concentrations of NT157 for 20 months. This prolonged exposure resulted in resistant cells (T47D-NTR). Monolayer growth assays showed parental cells inhibited at 0.7 μM of NT157 whereas resistant cells were suppressed by 8 μM of NT157. In parental cells, NT157 caused G0-G1 arrest and an increase in the sub-G1 fraction. However, resistant cells did not show these cell cycle changes after exposure to NT157. Furthermore, the antiproliferative effect of prolonged exposure to 96 hours of NT157 was correlated with decreased activation of Akt/S6k signaling axis and reduction of cyclin D1 expression in T47D parental cells. 48 hours treatment with 5 μM of NT157 resulted in a decrease of IGF-IR and insulin receptor (InR) expression level at 33% and 39% respectively, along with the downregulation of the adaptor proteins IRS-1/2 in only the parental cell line. In resistant cells, the NT157 treatment induced minimal IGF-1R suppression and a 21% increase of IR expression. Additionally, the T47D-NTR cells-maintained IRS protein levels at 10 μM. This absence of IRS protein degradation observed in NT157-resistant cells correlated with the continued expression of estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα), suggesting functional changes within IGF and ERα complex. IGF ligands (IGF-1 or IGF-2) and estradiol (E2) stimulated growth in both cell lines. When NT157 was removed from T47D-NTR cells, they were not re-sensitized to NT157 nor were they affected by IGF dependent growth in the re-introduction of NT157. These findings suggest that resistance to NT157 is mediated by the maintained expression of the IRS adaptor proteins. The continued responsiveness to estradiol and IGF ligands could be due to either a decrease in the drug's half-life or possible changes in NT157 binding to the beta subunit of IGF-IR in resistant cells. Citation Format: Ekyalongo RC, Abdelwahab R, Holtz A, Sabet A, Yee D. Model of acquired resistance to the tyrphostin NT157 in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-03-05.
Abstract P3-11-01: Interaction between molecular subtype and stromal immune infiltration dynamics in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: A-S Hamy, H Bonsang-Kitzis, D De Croze, E Laas, L Darrigues, L Topciu, E Menet, A Vincent-Salomon, F Lerebours, J-Y Pierga, E Brain, J-G Feron, G Benchimol, G-T Lam, M Laé, F Reyal
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Purpose: High levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) are associated with higher pathological complete response (pCR) rates, and better survival in TNBC and HER2-positive breast cancers (BCs). We investigated the value of changes in TIL levels and final TIL levels after treatment, by evaluating lymphocyte infiltration before and after NAC in a real-life BC cohort. Patients and methods: We assessed stromal TIL levels in 716 pre- and post-treatment matched paired specimens, according to the guidelines of the international TIL working group. Results: Pre-NAC TIL levels were higher in tumors for which pCR was achieved than in cases of residual disease (33.9% versus 20.3%, p=0.001), in luminal tumors and TNBCs, but not in HER2-positive BCs, (pInteraction =0.001). The association between pre-NAC TIL levels and pCR was non-linear in TNBCs (p=0.005). Mean TIL levels decreased during NAC (pre-NAC TILs: 24.1% versus post-NAC TILs: 13.0%, p&amp;lt;0.001). This decrease was strongly associated with high pCR rates, and TIL level variation was strongly inversely correlated with pre-NAC TIL levels (r=-0.80, p&amp;lt;0.001). Pre-NAC TILs and disease-free survival (DFS) were associated in a non-linear manner (p&amp;lt;0.001). High post-NAC TIL levels were associated with aggressive tumor characteristics and with impaired DFS in HER2-positive BCs (HR=1.04, CI [1.02-1.06], p=0.001), but not in luminal tumors or TNBCs (pInteraction =0.04). Conclusion: The associations of pre, post-NAC TIL levels with response to treatment and DFS differ between BC subtypes and may deviate from linearity. The characterization of immune subpopulations may improve our understanding of the complex interactions between pre- or post-NAC setting, BC subtype, response to treatment and prognosis. Citation Format: Hamy A-S, Bonsang-Kitzis H, De Croze D, Laas E, Darrigues L, Topciu L, Menet E, Vincent-Salomon A, Lerebours F, Pierga J-Y, Brain E, Feron J-G, Benchimol G, Lam G-T, Laé M, Reyal F. Interaction between molecular subtype and stromal immune infiltration dynamics in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-11-01.
Maternal Exposure to Air Pollution During Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Offspring
Authors: Abin Chandrakumar, Geert Willem ‘t Jong
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Abstract P3-09-07: The role of MLK4 amplification in progression of triple negative breast cancer
Authors: MK Prelowska, D Mehlich, M Lazniewski, K Kaminska, AS Gorczynski, A Korwat, O Sokolowska, J Golab, W Biernat, D Plewczynski, J Brognard, D Nowis, AA Marusiak
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Mixed Lineage Kinase 4 (MLK4) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a role in a variety of cellular processes, including migration, apoptosis and proliferation. It belongs to the family of MAP3 kinases, which regulate the activity of specific MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases). MLK4 is the least described member of the family and it was proved to act as a functional MAP3 kinase that activates the JNK, ERK and NFκB pathways. The rationale of this project is based on the recent data showing gene amplification and mRNA upregulation of MLK4 in invasive breast carcinoma at the frequency of 23%. Here, we performed a series of experiments aiming to characterize the role of MLK4 in breast cancer development and progression. We started from identification of breast cancer cell lines that express high endogenous level of MLK4. Since clinical data indicated that MLK4 expression was higher in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), comparing to other breast cancer subtypes, we decided to further study the role of MLK4 in TNBC. We have generated cell lines with doxycycline-inducible knock-down of MLK4, HCC1806 and HCC1599, and we found that MLK4 depletion resulted in reduced cell proliferation. We also observed that the knock-down of MLK4 in these conditions caused the reduction in size of the spheroids. Moreover, we noticed that when MLK4 is depleted in HCC1806 cells, the migration and invasion was significantly impaired. Lastly, our results of immunohistochemistry in samples from breast cancer patients showed that higher levels of MLK4 in TNBC samples significantly correlated with the occurrence of lymph node metastasis. Currently, we are investigating molecular pathways such as JNK, MEK/ERK and NF-κB, that might be affected by knock-down of MLK4. Collectively, our findings indicate that high levels of MLK4 promote aggressive phenotype of breast cancer cells, by increasing their migratory and invasive potential. Citation Format: Prelowska MK, Mehlich D, Lazniewski M, Kaminska K, Gorczynski AS, Korwat A, Sokolowska O, Golab J, Biernat W, Plewczynski D, Brognard J, Nowis D, Marusiak AA. The role of MLK4 amplification in progression of triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-09-07.
Abstract P3-01-11: A novel six-parameter assay for comprehensive phenotyping of circulating tumor cells
Authors: MC Liu, Y Sun, A Ramirez, D Campton, T George, KE Haselkorn, A Clein, V Gadi, D Sabath, E Kaldjian
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background. The presence and number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are prognostic for breast cancer treatment outcome. Direct imaging assays traditionally employ four markers to identify canonical epithelial CTCs: nucleus, exclusion (CD45), and inclusion (EpCAM and cytokeratin). There is intense interest in the ability to phenotype CTCs in order to provide a noninvasive means by which to predict treatment benefit from endocrine therapy and/or HER2-directed therapy in breast cancer. To address this, a 6-parameter assay for detection of ER and HER2 expression on CTCs was developed. We applied this assay to four well characterized breast cancer cell lines representative of various ER and HER2 phenotypes. Methods. BT474, MCF-7, SKBR3, or MDA-MB-231 cells were spiked into peripheral blood from healthy donors and processed using the AccuCyte® sample preparation system; nucleated cells, including CTCs, are captured onto glass slides (8 slides per 7.5 mL blood sample) for subsequent immunofluorescent staining. Slides were stained using the combined epithelial marker and ER/HER2 CTC assay and then analyzed with the CyteFinder® imaging system. CTCs were identified as nucleated cells with positive EpCAM and/or cytokeratin staining, and negative CD45 staining. ER and HER2 expression were assessed as present or absent. Results. All cell lines expressed both cytokeratin and EpCAM, except for MDA-MB-231 which was EpCAM-negative. The ER / HER2 expression patterns observed were consistent with reported phenotype: BT474 (+/+), MCF-7 (+/–), SKBR3 (–/+), and MDA-MB-231 (–/–). Conclusions. Identification of epithelial CTCs and phenotypic characterization of ER and HER2 status are feasible in a combined assay applied to a single blood sample. This approach has implications for efficiency and cost effectiveness, which are of particular importance given the interest in longitudinal testing. Assay evaluation is currently underway using blood samples from breast cancer patients with known receptor status, treatment history, and clinical outcomes. Results will be available for presentation at the meeting. Citation Format: Liu MC, Sun Y, Ramirez A, Campton D, George T, Haselkorn KE, Clein A, Gadi V, Sabath D, Kaldjian E. A novel six-parameter assay for comprehensive phenotyping of circulating tumor cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-01-11.
Plans to move GMC registration to end of medical school to be announced
Authors: Rhys Davies
Journal: BMJ (2014)

In June, the authority responsible for the postgraduate education and training of healthcare professionals, Health Education England (HEE), will set out its plans for the implementation of moving full General Medical Council registration to point of graduation from medical school.

The government has highlighted the moving of registration as a priority in HEE’s mandate for April 2014 to March 2015. Previous statements from the organisation indicated that it wants to move full GMC registration forward to the point of graduation “as swiftly as possible,” after the recommendation from the Shape of Training review into postgraduate training last year.1

Currently, UK medical graduates are provisionally registered with the GMC at the end of medical …