tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Potential Excessive Testing at Scale
Authors: Kenneth D. Mandl, Arjun K. Manrai
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract P1-11-16: Efficacy and safety of acupuncture for the hot flashes in breast cancer patients taking adjuvant tamoxifen: A multicenter study in Korean women
Authors: H Choi, Y-j Jeong, S-H Park, M-A Kwak, K-S Kim, Y Lee, S Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background : Tamoxifen is widely used in premenopausal patients with estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer. Among the side-effects of tamoxifen, hot flashes is a common and challenging one. Previous pilot study suggested the effectiveness of acupuncture for relief of symptoms. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for treatment of hot flashes in Korean women breast cancer patients taking tamoxifen as adjuvant endocrine therapy. Methods : Thirty(30) breast cancer patients taking tamoxifen and reported moderate to severe hot flashes were enrolled from two institutes. Patients were randomly assigned into acupuncture group(n=15) and control group(n=15). The acupuncture group received acupuncture 3 times a week for 4 consecutive weeks, at 5 predefined points(GV 20, M-HN-3, HT 8, KI 10 and LV 2) for 20 ± 5minutes at each session. Control group received no treatment. The score of hot flash visual analogue scale(VAS) and total hot flash score, EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR 23 questionnaire were recorded before treatment, once every treatment week and 4 weeks after treatment for both groups. Results : Acupuncture group showed significantly reduced severity of hot flashes during treatment assessed with either VAS and total hot flash score (p=0.000 and p=0.008, respectively). Also, acupuncture group showed improvement of global health status and physical functioning score assessed with EORTC QLQ-C30 (p=0.004 and p=0.027, respectively). Four weeks after the treatment, these trends were retained. No adverse events were notified Conclusion : Acupuncture may have feasibility and safety for alleviate hot flashes of Korean women breast cancer patients taking tamoxifen as an adjuvant endocrine therapy. Long-term follow up results and further study with a larger sample size is required. Citation Format: Choi H, Jeong Y-j, Park S-H, Kwak M-A, Kim K-S, Lee Y, Park S. Efficacy and safety of acupuncture for the hot flashes in breast cancer patients taking adjuvant tamoxifen: A multicenter study in Korean women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-11-16.
Nod1 Imprints Inflammatory and Carcinogenic Responses toward the Gastric Pathogen <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>
Authors: Giovanni Suarez, Judith Romero-Gallo, Maria B. Piazuelo, Johanna C. Sierra, Alberto G. Delgado, M. Kay Washington, Shailja C. Shah, Keith T. Wilson, Richard M. Peek
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the strongest known risk for gastric cancer. The H. pylori cag type IV secretion system is an oncogenic locus that translocates peptidoglycan into host cells, where it is recognized by NOD1, an innate immune receptor. Beyond this, the role of NOD1 in H. pylori–induced cancer remains undefined. To address this knowledge gap, we infected two genetic models of Nod1 deficiency with the H. pylori cag+ strain PMSS1: C57BL/6 mice, which rarely develop cancer, and INS-GAS FVB/N mice, which commonly develop cancer. Infected C57BL/6Nod1–/− and INS-GASNod1−/− mice acutely developed more severe gastritis, and INS-GASNod1−/− mice developed gastric dysplasia more frequently compared with Nod1+/+ mice. Because Nod1 genotype status did not alter microbial phenotypes of in vivo–adapted H. pylori, we investigated host immunologic responses. H. pylori infection of Nod1−/− mice led to significantly increased gastric mucosal levels of Th1, Th17, and Th2 cytokines compared with Nod1 wild-type (WT) mice. To define the role of specific innate immune cells, we quantified cytokine secretion from H. pylori–infected primary gastric organoids generated from WT or Nod1−/− mice that were cocultured with or without WT or Nod1−/− macrophages. Infection increased cytokine production from gastric epithelial cells and macrophages and elevations were significantly increased with Nod1 deficiency. Furthermore, H. pylori infection altered the polarization status of Nod1−/− macrophages compared with Nod1+/+ macrophages. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that loss of Nod1 augments inflammatory and injury responses to H. pylori. Nod1 may exert its restrictive role by altering macrophage polarization, leading to immune evasion and microbial persistence. Significance: These findings suggest that manipulation of NOD1 may represent a novel strategy to prevent or treat pathologic outcomes induced by H. pylori infection.
Role of Monthly High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation in Cancer Prevention
Authors: Craig Davidson Peiris, Sarah Jaroudi, Theresa Byrd
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Prospective, Multi-Center, Phase I Clinical Trial of PLX-R18 Placental Expanded Adherent Stromal Cells in Subjects with Incomplete Hematopoietic Recovery after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Hillard M Lazarus, Leland Metheny, Tsila Zuckerman, Carolina Escobar, Joseph P. McGuirk, Yael Rosen, Jacob M. Rowe
Journal: Blood (2018)
Role of central hypovascularity in the hepatic arterial phase of dynamic CT on mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Authors: Mitsuo Shimada, Hiroki Teraoku, Yuji Morine, Satoru Imura, Tetsuya Ikemoto, Shuichi Iwahashi, Yu Saito, Chie Takasu, Shinichiro Yamada
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

205 Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) is known as one of most malignant cancers. Recently, the vascularity in the hepatic arterial phase (HAP) of dynamic CT has been reported as a possible prognostic marker in IHCC. The aim of this study is to elucidate the role of central hypovascularity in the HAP on mass-forming IHCC. Methods: Forty patients who underwent initially hepatic resection for mass-forming IHCC were enrolled. The HAP was scanned 40 seconds after the injection of contrast agent. Vascular pattern was classified into three groups; hypervascularity (Hyper) group (n = 8), rim-enhancement (Rim) group (n = 7) and hypovascularity (Hypo) group (n = 25) by a radiologist in reference to Fujita, et al (Eur Radiol 2017). Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) expression in the surgical specimen was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The clinicopathological findings were compared among the groups. Results: The advanced stage tended to be more frequent in Hypo group, however, no difference of tumor location (hilar or peripheral) was observed. Overall survival (OS) in Hypo group was worse than that in Hyper group. The OS in Rim+Hypo group, that means central hypovascularity in the tumor, was worse than that in Hyper group. Furthermore, Rim+Hypo group was an independent prognostic factor in OS (HR: 5.44). Regarding the HIF-1 expression, high HIF-1 expression in the central part of the tumor correlated with central hypovascularity in the HAP (25% in Hyper-group and 72% in Rim+Hypo group, respectively). Conclusions: The central hypovascularity (Rim+Hypo group) was an independent prognostic factor, furthermore, high malignant potential of the tumor with central hypovascularity might be related to HIF-1 upregulation.
Abstract 18746: SDPR/Cavin-2 Deficiency Exacerbates Hypoxia-induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Mice With an Increase in NOx Production and a Decrease in Caveolin-1
Authors: Takeru Kasahara, Takehiro Ogata, Naoki Maruyama, Naohiko Nakanishi, Masahiro Nishi, Yusuke Higuchi, Akira Sakamoto, Satoaki Matoba
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a poor prognosis disease even in recent years. However, the pathophysiology of PAH have remained obscure. Caveolin-1 gene, which encodes a membrane protein of caveolae and regulates its function, is identified as a causal gene of heritable PAH. Serum deprivation response (SDPR)/Cavin-2 is a member of the Cavin family, which also regulates caveolae function. Previous report showed that SDPR/Cavin-2 deficiency as well as Caveolin-1 deficiency led to loss of endothelial caveolae in the lung. However, the functional role of SDPR/Cavin-2 in lung remains unknown. Here, we present a detailed characterization of the lungs of SDPR/Cavin-2 knock-out (SDPR -/-) mice with hypoxia-induced PAH. Methods and Results: To examine the role of SDPR/Cavin-2 in the development of PAH, we subjected wild-type (WT) and SDPR -/- mice to a model of PAH induced by hypoxia exposure. After four weeks exposure to 10% O2 hypoxia, right ventricular systolic pressure and weight ratio ...
Polyclonal Immune Response in T-LGL Leads to Clonal Expansions Preceding Occurrence of STAT3 Mutations Further Solidifying Clonal Dominance
Authors: Cassandra M. Hirsch, Michael Clemente, Peter Chomczynski, Bartlomiej P. Przychodzen, Yasunobu Nagata, Vera Adema, Louis Williams, Valeria Visconte, Alan Lichtin, MD, Satu Mustjoki, Mikkael A. Sekeres, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski
Journal: Blood (2018)
Abstract 19941: Clinical and Demographic Characteristics According to Dosage Among New Initiators and/or Switchers From Warfarin Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation Patients on Apixaban, Dabigatran and Rivaroxaban
Authors: Ping Tepper, Cristina Masseria, Jack Mardekian, Phatak Hemant, Shital Kamble, Yaniv Ravee, Younous Abdulsattar, William Petkun, Gregory Lip
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia [1-3] with increasing prevalence in the aging [4]. With the advent of the three NOACs including apixaban, dabigatran and rivaroxaban, it is important to characterize patients prescribed with the different dosage of treatment in the real-world setting. Purpose: To describe the baseline clinical and demographic characteristics of NVAF patients on apixaban (5 mg vs 2.5 mg -reduced), rivaroxaban (20mg vs reduced dose: 15 mg or 10 mg), and dabigatran (150 mg vs reduced 75 mg). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using MarketScan Earlyview ® data. NVAF patients ≥18 years with a minimum of 1 year baseline period were included if they either received a NOAC or were switched from warfarin to NOAC during the study period of Jan 1, 2013 to October 31, 2014. Results: For NVAF patients , the majority of the patients were on the standard dosage (Table 1). Similarly for each NOAC, patients using low dosage versus standard dosage were older, had a greater stroke risk, had a prior history of bleeding and were sicker in terms of presence of congestive heart disease, renal disease and Charleson comorbidity index. Patients switching from warfarin had on average a large number of missing dosage data, and if switching to apixaban were more likely to be prescribed the reduced dose than the 5 mg dose. No clear trend was observed for patients switching to dabigatran or rivaroxaban. More than 15% Apixaban and rivaroxaban patients switched from warfarin while only &lt;6% dabigatran patients switched from warfarin. Conclusion: AF patient initiated with standard dosages of NOACs had better clinical and demographic characteristics than patients initiated with reduced dosages of NOAC. Table 1.
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Children with Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia without Down Syndrome
Authors: Asahito Hama, Takashi Taga, Daisuke Tomizawa, Hideki Muramatsu, Daiichiro Hasegawa, Souichi Adachi, Nao Yoshida, Maiko Noguchi, Masami Inoue, Keiko Oakada, Katsuyoshi Koh, Yoshiko Atsuta, Hiroyuki Ishida
Journal: Blood (2018)
A novel handmade “multi-bending endoscope system” for endoscopic submucosal dissection of difficult-to-approach superficial gastric neoplasms
Authors: Katsumi Yamamoto, Kohei Tanaka, Shiro Hayashi, Mariko Sawamura, Nobuyuki Tatsumi, Tomoki Michida, Toshifumi Ito
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Maintaining a good operative field is crucial when performing endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial gastrointestinal tumors, but it often requires high skill or special equipment depending on the location of the lesion [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]. Early gastric cancers are frequently detected at the lesser curvature of the gastric body, but ESD of lesions in this area may be challenging because of the difficult approach. A multi-bending endoscope is a good option for such a situation [1], but it is not widely used owing to its limited purpose and relatively high cost. We therefore developed a handmade multi-bending system and used it to perform ESD for 12 difficult-to-approach lesions located at the lesser curvature of the gastric body. Herein, we report the method and efficacy of the system.
Predicting Response to Immunotherapy by Evaluating Tumors, Lymphoid Cell-Rich Organs, and Immune-Related Adverse Events Using FDG-PET/CT
Authors: Tomomi Nobashi, Lucia Baratto, Sunil A. Reddy, Sandhya Srinivas, Akira Toriihara, Negin Hatami, Thomas K. Yohannan, Erik Mittra
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

To investigate whether the evaluation of tumors, lymphoid cell-rich organs, and immune-related adverse events (IRAE) with F-FDG PET/CT can predict the efficacy and outcome of immunotherapy.Forty patients who underwent F-FDG-PET/CT scans before and after therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors from December 2013 to December 2016 were retrospectively enrolled (malignant melanoma, n = 21; malignant lymphoma, n = 11; renal cell carcinoma, n = 8). SUVmax of the baseline and first restaging scans were evaluated in tumors, spleen, bone marrow, thyroid and pituitary glands, and were correlated to best overall response in the first year after therapy; IRAE-affected areas were also evaluated.Interval change between the baseline and first restaging scans showed that patients with a clinical benefit had a significant decrease in tumor parameters (P < 0.001). All patients with an increase of SUVmax in the thyroid of more than 1.5 (n = 5) on the first restaging scan had a complete response (CR) in 1 year. Patients with CR within 1 year (n = 22) were significantly associated with a favorable long-term outcome (P = 0.002). Nine patients with IRAE findings had CR at final evaluation. Among IRAE, thyroiditis was seen significantly earlier than arthritis (P = 0.040).The decrease of tumor parameters at early time-point PET scans was seen in patients with immunotherapy who had clinical benefit within 1 year. PET-detectable IRAE was useful for prediction of a favorable outcome. Early development of thyroiditis may particularly represent an early response indicator to immunotherapy.
The clinical implication of CD45RA+ naive T cells and CD45RO+ memory T cells in advanced pancreatic cancer: A proxy for tumor biology and outcome prediction.
Authors: Junjie Hang, Lixia Wu, Kequn Xu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

196 Background: Naive and memory T cells play a pivotal role in solid tumor pathogenesis but their role in pancreatic cancer progression remains elusive. Thus, we aimed to investigate their clinical potential in advanced pancreatic cancer (APC). Methods: Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the level of peripheral naive and memory T cells from APC patients. Interrelationships between naive, memory T cells and clinicopathological variables were evaluated using pearson’s correlation. The prognostic impact of naive and memory T cells were assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression. The correlation between naive/memory T cells and tumor progression was investigated by Student’s t test. Results: CD4+ naive/memory ratio showed close correlations with hemoglobin, red blood cell (RBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and platelet while CD8+ naive/memory ratio was correlated with hemoglobin, RBC and CEA. Higher baseline lever of CD4+CD45RO+/CD4+ was correlated with better overall survival (OS) (P = 0.036). Patients with CD4+ naive/memory ratio ≥ 0.36 had a poorer OS than those with CD4+ naive/memory ratio &lt; 0.36 (P = 0.021). In addition, CD4+ naive/memory ratio showed independent prognostic impact (HR 1.427, 95%CI 1.033-1.973, P = 0.031). Furthermore, poorer clinical response was correlated with higher level of CD8+ naive/memory ratio after the third cycle of chemotherapy (P = 0.01). Besides, patients with an low level of CD8+ naive/memory ratio had longer progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.028). Conclusions: We propose CD4+ naive/memory ratio as a novel prognostic biomarker for APC. In addition, CD8+ naive/memory ratio can be a candidate marker for predicting PFS and the change of its level may reflect the progression of APC.
Third-Party Evaluation of The Nima Peanut Sensor: A Consumer Device for the Detection of Peanut in Food
Authors: Aquanette Burt, John Artiuch, Elizabeth Chun, Monica Cipriani, Alex Leung, Alessandro Scutari, Lyndsie Slakey, Stephen Wilson, Francisco Dias Lourenco, Shireen Yates
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)
Short Course Of Oral Prednisolone Improves Physician Reported Clinical Scores and Patient Reported Outcomes in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Emma Price, Sai Sakktee Krisna, Karen J. Howie, Rashie Brar, Eman Alasgah, Caroline Munoz, Paul M. O'Byrne, Roma Sehmi, Gail M. Gauvreau, Hermenio Lima
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)
Guidance on fetal alcohol syndrome aims to improve diagnosis and treatment in Scotland
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Guidelines to help doctors diagnose fetal alcohol spectrum disorder have been published by the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network,1 the first in the UK to cover the disorder.

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) describes a cluster of birth defects resulting from alcohol exposure during pregnancy. It can result in brain damage and in its most severe form can cause physical issues including a smaller head and poor growth.

The children affected can have poor education attainment, mental health problems, and a higher risk of addiction to alcohol and other drugs. The guidelines say that early diagnosis can …
Multicenter retrospective analysis for efficacy and safety of liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) plus 5-FU/leucovorin (5-FU/LV) after progression on gemcitabine-based therapy in Korean patients (pts) with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC): A study by Korean Cancer Study Group (KCSG).
Authors: Changhoon Yoo, Hyeon-Su Im, Kyu-Pyo Kim, Do-Youn Oh, Kyung-Hun Lee, Hong Jae Chon, Joo Hoon Kim, Myoung Joo Kang, Il-Hwan Kim, Guk Jin Lee, Sung Yong Oh, Younak Choi, Hye Jin Choi, Seung Tae Kim, Joon Oh Park, Baek-Yeol Ryoo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

344 Background: Nal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV has demonstrated efficacy in mPDAC pts who previously received gemcitabine-based therapy in the pivotal NAPOLI-1 trial. Real-world data are helpful to measure the clinical outcomes and safety profile of this regimen in daily practice setting. Methods: Between January 2017 and April 2018, a Named Patient Program (NPP) was activated to provide controlled, pre-approval access of nal-IRI in Korea. This analysis is multicenter retrospective study for patients who received nal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV under the NPP. Results: A total of 86 patients entered into this NPP among 10 Korean institutions. Median age was 61 years (range, 37-79) and 52 pts (60%) were male. Liver (n=49, 57%), peritoneum (30, 35%), and lung (27, n=31%) were the most common metastatic sites. All patients had ECOG performance status 0-1 and previously received gemcitabine-based therapy. Prior to nal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV, 35 (41%) and 51 (59%) patients received &lt;2 and ≥ 2 lines of chemotherapy for unresectable/metastatic disease, respectively. Best response was complete response (n=2, 2%), partial response (7, 8%), stable disease (38, 44%), and progressive disease (32, 37%), indicating overall response rates of 10% and disease control rate of 55%. With median follow-up duration of 6.4 months, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.5 months (95% CI, 1.3-5.7) and median overall survival (OS) was not yet reached. The 6-month PFS and OS rates were 37.5% and 65.1%, respectively. Most common grade 3-4 toxicities were neutropenia (n=32, 37%), nausea (9, 10%), vomiting (8, 9%), anemia (7, 8%), and diarrhea (4, 5%). Febrile neutropenia occurred in 7 patients (8%). Conclusions: Nal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV was well tolerated and effective for mPDAC patients who progressed on gemcitabine-based therapy. Despite heavily pretreated patients were included, efficacy and safety outcomes in our cohort were consistent with the results of previous NAPOLI-1 trial.