tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Questions for Artificial Intelligence in Health Care
Authors: Thomas M. Maddox, John S. Rumsfeld, Philip R. O. Payne
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
FRI0221 Gout is associated with an increased risk of cancer – a nationwide cohort study including over 70,000 gout patients
Authors: K. Zobbe, D. Prieto-Alhambra, R. Cordtz, L. Mellemkjær, P. Højgaard, L.E. Kristensen, L. Dreyer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

<h3>Background</h3> In addition to the possible carcinogenic effect of chronic inflammation, gout patients may experience increased risk of cancer due to additional risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and increased alcohol consumption. There is limited data on the association between gout and different cancer types. We investigated the incidence of cancer among Danish gout patients compared to national cancer rates. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients diagnosed with gout in the period 1978–2015 according to the Danish National Patient Registry (including in- and outpatient hospital contacts) were linked with The Danish Cancer Registry to identify incident cancers. Follow-up for cancer started at date of first gout diagnosis and ended at date of cancer, death, emigration or end of 2015, whichever came first. Standardised incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated using sex and 5 year age and calendar-specific incidence rates for first primary cancers in the general population in Denmark. <h3>Results</h3> We observed 6205 first primary cancers among 70 591 gout patients. Compared to an expected number of 5308 in the general population, this corresponded to a SIR for any-cancer of 1.17 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14–1.20). SIRs were highest for cancer sites associated with smoking, obesity and excess alcohol consumption: mouth/tongue, pharynx, oesophagus, liver, pancreas, lung, pleura and kidney (table 1). Excess risks were also observed for colorectal cancer, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, multiple myeloma and other types of leukaemia but not for Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphomas. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Gout patients are at risk of cancer, especially cancer types associated with smoking, obesity and excess alcohol consumption, but also multiple myeloma and leukaemia. It is unknown if uric-acid lowering therapy and/or lifestyle changes reduce this risk. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> K. Zobbe: None declared, D. Prieto-Alhambra Grant/research support from: Amgen, Servier, and UCB, Consultant for: UCB, Speakers bureau: Amgen, R. Cordtz: None declared, L. Mellemkjær: None declared, P. Højgaard: None declared, L. E. Kristensen Grant/research support from: UCB, Biogen, Janssen pharmaceuticals, and Novartis, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, AbbVie, Amgen, UCB, BMS, Biogen, MSD, Novartis, Eli Lilly and Company, and Janssen pharmaceuticals, L. Dreyer: None declared
Electrical fingerprint of the amygdala guides neurofeedback training for stress resilience
Authors: Jackob N. Keynan, Avihay Cohen, Gilan Jackont, Nili Green, Noam Goldway, Alexander Davidov, Yehudit Meir-Hasson, Gal Raz, Nathan Intrator, Eyal Fruchter, Keren Ginat, Eugene Laska, Marc Cavazza, Talma Hendler
Journal: Nature Human Behaviour (2018)
A dual-targeting fusion protein, human PVR-4-1BBL for immunotherapy in AML
Authors: H.-Y. Park, H. Nam, H. Kwon, C. Yu, S. Song, I. Oh, H. Yang, E.-C. Jo, J. Won, S.-Y. Eun
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Background: 4-1BB (CD137; TNFRSF9) binds 4-1BBL, which triggers subsequent proliferation and activation of immune cells, T and NK cells in particular. We designed and generated PVR-4-1BBL, a hexameric protein of 4-1BBL fused to PVR (CD155), the major ligand for TIGIT that marks exhausted T cells. This fusion protein efficiently bind to its targets TIGIT and 4-1BB on cells as well as in soluble form. Methods: To evaluate the in vitro efficacy of PVR-4-1BBL, T cells were isolated from PBMCs of healthy individuals or AML patients and then stimulated with anti-CD3 alone or in combination with PVR-4-1BBL. The percentages and numbers of CD25+CD69+ T cells were measured by flow cytometry. Secreted INF-γ and TNF-α were measured by ELISA. In order to test the activity of 4-1BB signaling induced by the fusion protein, we performed 4-1BB-stimulated- NFκB reporter assay. Results: As a result, PVR-4-1BBL activated human T cell to induce cellular proliferation and activation as well as production of cytokines, such as INF-γ and TNF-α. The fusion protein increased T cell activation particularly under suboptimal conditions of TCR stimulation. Functional activity of this fusion protein on 4-1BB-mediated cellular NF-κB signaling was more potent than a 4-1BB agonist antibody in the presence of TIGIT-positive cells in close proximity. Our fusion protein showed target-specific potency in T cell activation in the presence of both TIGIT and 4-1BB. Therefore it is expected to have a lower side effect than 4-1BB agonist antibody which may affect peripheral T cells. According to a recent report, TIGIT was up-regulated on CD8+ T cells of AML patients. We confirmed that 4-1BB was also induced in T cells from AML patients' PBMCs along with TIGIT when stimulated by anti-CD3. The fusion protein increased T cell activation and IFN-γ production much more than agonistic anti-4-1BB antibody in AML patients' PBMCs. Conclusions: In conclusion, PVR-4-1BBL confers a dual targeting function, effectively enhancing T cell proliferation, activation and cytokine production. Therefore, we propose that the dual-targeting fusion protein, PVR-4-1BBL is a promising drug candidate for AML treatment designed by a novel immunotherapeutic approach. Legal entity responsible for the study: MOGAM Institute for Biomedical Research. Funding: MOGAM Institute for Biomedical Research. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Abstract P359: Difficulty Falling Asleep is Predictive of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Megan E Petrov, Alex J Zautra, Nicole Hoffmann, Mary C Davis
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Insomnia symptoms are associated with cardiovascular disease and multiple metabolic syndrome components, yet few studies have investigated their association with metabolic syndrome. Hypothesis: Insomnia symptoms will be significantly associated with prevalent metabolic syndrome. Methods: Middle-aged, community-dwelling adults, ages 40-65 yrs, were recruited to participate in a study on healthy aging. All participants completed questionnaires on demographics, medical history, and sleep patterns in the past month including estimated sleep-onset latency, frequency of difficulty falling asleep, and severity of difficulty falling asleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, and early morning awakenings. Measurements for metabolic syndrome were collected at a home health visit. All metabolic syndrome criteria consisting of waist circumference, triglyceride level, HDL cholesterol level, blood pressure, and fasting glucose were identified using the American Heart Association definitions. Participants with three or more positive criteria were considered to have metabolic syndrome. Of a total sample of 770 individuals, 557 participants who did not have a history of cardiovascular events (n = 62), and had complete sleep and metabolic syndrome data were included in the analysis. We conducted logistic regression models predicting presence of metabolic syndrome from the sleep measures adjusting for age, sex, race, education level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, moderate physical activity minutes per week, and current major depression diagnosis. Results: Metabolic syndrome was prevalent in 24.2% of the sample (n = 135). Sleep onset latency of greater than 30 minutes and difficulty falling asleep three or more nights per week were significantly related to metabolic syndrome, but no other insomnia symptoms were related (see Table). Conclusions: Difficulty falling asleep, a marker of physiological and emotional hyperarousal, may be a modifiable risk factor for metabolic syndrome.
The diagnosis and classification of amyopathic dermatomyositis: a historical review and assessment of existing criteria
Authors: J.S.S. Concha, M. Tarazi, C.J. Kushner, R.G. Gaffney, V.P. Werth
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Diagnostic criteria are used to identify a patient having a disease in a clinical setting, whereas classification criteria create a well‐defined population for research purposes. The diagnosis and classification of amyopathic dermatomyositis (ADM) have not been recognized by most existing criteria for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs). To address this, several criteria were proposed to define ADM either as a distinct disease entity or as a subset of the spectrum of IIMs. To discuss the diagnosis and classification of ADM and to assesses the available criteria in identifying cases of ADM and/or distinguishing it from dermatological mimickers such as lupus erythematosus. We conducted an extensive literature search using the PubMed database from June 2016 to August 2018, using the search terms 'amyopathic dermatomyositis', 'diagnosis' and 'classification'. The European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, which are the only validated classification criteria for adult and juvenile IIM and their major subgroups, include three cutaneous items (Göttron sign, Göttron papules, heliotrope rash) to be able to classify ADM. This international and multispecialty effort is a huge step forward in the classification of skin‐predominant disease in dermatomyositis. However, about 25% of the population with ADM do not meet two out of the three skin features and are misdiagnosed or classified as having a different disease entity, most commonly lupus erythematosus. These gaps rationalize the continuous assessment and improvement of existing criteria and/or the development of validated, separate and skin‐focused criteria for DM.
Triple therapy trials in COPD: a precision medicine opportunity
Authors: Samy Suissa, Amnon Ariel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

<b>Recent trials comparing triple therapy with LAMA/LABA in COPD reveal a peculiar pattern in the timing of exacerbations, with the benefit of triple therapy exclusively in the first month, suggesting a precision medicine opportunity in COPD treatment</b>http://ow.ly/WBFb30m9ZeM
Response to: ‘Some concerns from Turkey’ by Bilgin <i>et al</i>
Authors: Yuko Kaneko, Hideto Kameda, Kei Ikeda, Tomonori Ishii, Kosaku Murakami, Hyota Takamatsu, Yoshiya Tanaka, Takayuki Abe, Tsutomu Takeuchi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

We would like to thank Bilgin et al 1 for their interest in our paper2 and asking several questions for clarification.

First, we allowed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in this trial, except for the 6 weeks (from 2 weeks prior to the initiation of trial drugs until 4 weeks) during which NSAIDs were allowed only for fever, in order to assess the status of body temperature appropriately.

Second, the per cent change in glucocorticoid dose were compared between the placebo and tocilizumab groups by means of analysis …
Implications of Left Ventricular Geometry in Low-Flow Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Zachary M. Gertz, Philippe Pibarot, Pamela S. Douglas, Sammy Elmariah, Maria C. Alu, Thomas McAndrew, Yiran Zhang, Robert W. Hodson, Rebecca T. Hahn, Neil J. Weissman, Brian R. Lindman, Marie-Annick Clavel, Stamatios Lerakis, Amr E. Abbas, Vinod H. Thourani, Susheel Kodali, Samir Kapadia, Rakesh M. Suri, Raj Makkar, Michael Mack, Martin B. Leon, Howard C. Herrmann
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2018)
Health service ranked as most violent industry in Australia
Authors: Christopher Zinn
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Increasing violent attacks on health workers and patients have caused the government of New South Wales to introduce a widened security package of closed circuit television (CCTV), emergency alarms, extra lighting, and more security staff.

The state is spending $A32m (£11.5m; $16.5m) over three years, as a special taskforce on the prevention and management of violence in the health workplace prepares an interim report for next month.

Last week the Australian newspaper published a picture of more than 30 weapons, mostly knives, confiscated from the emergency department of St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, in the recent past.

Around the country, drugs and the increasing use of potent forms of amphetamine—which stimulate more aggressive behaviour than heroin—have been blamed for the escalating levels of violence in many hospitals.

The Australian Institute of Criminology ranked the health industry as the most violent workplace in the country in a report last year, followed by welfare and community services, restaurants, hotels and clubs and then education. Registered nurses were the second worst affected occupation, after miscellaneous labourers and related workers including security officers, guards and ward helpers. Registered nurses also had higher levels of “workers compensation” claims involving violence than those of police and prison officers.
Percutaneous Repair of Secondary Mitral Regurgitation — A Tale of Two Trials
Authors: Rick A. Nishimura, Robert O. Bonow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

The mitral valve is a complex structure encompassing the valve leaflets, annulus, chordae tendineae, and papillary muscles.1 Primary mitral regurgitation is caused by a primary leaflet abnormality, whereas secondary mitral regurgitation occurs when structurally normal valve leaflets are unable to coapt completely owing to distortion of the supporting apparatus resulting from an ischemic or dilated cardiomyopathy. Current guidelines recommend early surgery for severe primary mitral regurgitation,2,3 but the management of secondary mitral regurgitation, which is essentially a disease of the left ventricle, is more controversial. Patients who have left ventricular dysfunction and secondary mitral regurgitation of any severity have a . . .
miR-192-5p Silencing by Genetic Aberrations Is a Key Event in Hepatocellular Carcinomas with Cancer Stem Cell Features
Authors: Yuanzhuo Gu, Xiyang Wei, Yulin Sun, Hongjun Gao, Xin Zheng, Linda L. Wong, Ling Jin, Niya Liu, Brenda Hernandez, Karolina Peplowska, Xiaohang Zhao, Qi-Min Zhan, Xin-Hua Feng, Zhao-You Tang, Junfang Ji
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Various cancer stem cell (CSC) biomarkers have been identified for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but little is known about the implications of heterogeneity and shared molecular networks within the CSC population. Through miRNA profile analysis in an HCC cohort (n = 241) for five groups of CSC+ HCC tissues, i.e., EpCAM+, CD90+, CD133+, CD44+, and CD24+ HCC, we identified a 14-miRNA signature commonly altered among these five groups of CSC+ HCC. miR-192-5p, the top-ranked CSC miRNA, was liver-abundant and -specific and markedly downregulated in all five groups of CSC+ HCC from two independent cohorts (n = 613). Suppressing miR-192-5p in HCC cells significantly increased multiple CSC populations and CSC-related features through targeting PABPC4. Both TP53 mutation and hypermethylation of the mir-192 promoter impeded transcriptional activation of miR-192-5p in HCC cell lines and primary CSC+ HCC. This study reveals the circuit from hypermethylation of the mir-192 promoter through the increase in PABPC4 as a shared genetic regulatory pathway in various groups of primary CSC+ HCC. This circuit may be the driver that steers liver cells toward hepatic CSC cells, leading to hepatic carcinogenesis. SIGNIFICANCE: miR-192-5p and its regulatory pathway is significantly abolished in multiple groups of HCC expressing high levels of CSC markers, which may represent a key event for hepatic carcinogenesis.
Abstract 16724: NADPH Oxidase 4 Contributes to Ischemic Cardiomyopathy by Activating Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase
Authors: Mark D Stevenson, Chandrika Canugovi, Aleksandr E Vendrov, Dawn E Bowles, Nageswara R Madamanchi, Marschall S Runge
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Congestive heart failure afflicts an estimated 5 million Americans, contributing to ~287,000 deaths a year. Oxidative stress generated by NOX family NADPH oxidases is implicated in adverse cardiac ...
Seesaw-Pattern Ocular Bobbing in a Patient With Pontine Bleed
Authors: Sunil Munakomi, Lekhjung Thapa
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles inhibit osteogenesis and exacerbate myeloma bone disease
Authors: Liming Zhang, Qian Lei, Hongxiang Wang, Cuiwei Xu, Teng Liu, Fancong Kong, Cui Yang, Guoxin Yan, Li Sun, Aiqi Zhao, Wenlan Chen, Yu Hu, Hui Xie, Yulin Cao, Fenfen Fu, Guolin Yuan, Zhichao Chen, An-Yuan Guo, Qiubai Li
Journal: Theranostics (2018)

Background: As a hallmark driver of multiple myeloma (MM), MM bone disease (MBD) is unique in that it is characterized by severely impaired osteoblast activity resulting from blocked osteogenesis in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs).The mechanisms underlying this preferential blockade are incompletely understood.Methods: miRNA expression of MM cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MM-EVs) was detected by RNA sequencing.MM-EVs impaired osteogenesis and exacerbated MBD were in vitro and in vivo validated by histochemical staining, qPCR and micro-CT.We additionally examined the correlation between CD138 + circulating EVs (cirEVs) count and bone lesion in de novo MM patients.Results: Here, by sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, we found that MM-EVs were enriched in various molecules negatively regulating osteogenesis.We experimentally verified that MM-EVs inhibited BM-MSC osteogenesis, induced elevated expression of miR-103a-3p inhibiting osteogenesis in BM-MSCs, and increased cell viability and interleukin-6 secretion in MM cells.In a mouse model, MM-EVs that were injected into the marrow space of the left tibia led to impaired osteogenesis and exacerbated MBD and MM progression.Furthermore, the levels of CD138 + cirEVs in the peripheral blood were positively correlated with the number of MM bone lesions in MM patients.Conclusions: These findings suggest that MM-EVs play a pivotal role in the development of severely impaired osteoblast activity, which represents a novel biomarker for the precise diagnosis of MBD and a compelling rationale for exploring MM-EVs as a therapeutic target.
Gestational Age and Socioeconomic Achievements in Young Adulthood
Authors: Josephine Funck Bilsteen, David Taylor-Robinson, Klaus Børch, Katrine Strandberg-Larsen, Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> The poor health outcomes associated with preterm birth are well established. However, it is less clear how small variations in gestational age, even within the term range, are associated with long-term opportunities and well-being, as measured by socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine the association of gestational age at birth with educational achievement, income, and primary source of income in adulthood. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This Danish population-based, register-based cohort study examined all live-born singletons born in Denmark from 1982 to 1986 without congenital anomalies and who lived in Denmark at age 28 years. Data analysis was conducted from November 2, 2017, to June 15, 2018. <h3>Exposures</h3> Gestational age at birth in completed weeks (22-45 weeks). <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Educational attainment, personal income, and primary source of income at age 28 years. <h3>Results</h3> In a population of 228 030 singletons (4.0% preterm, 12.1% early term; 49.4% female), 36.3% had a tertiary education at age 28 years. Among adults born at 22 to 27 weeks of gestation, 21.6% had a tertiary education, and 23.2% had an income in the highest tertile. Using 40 weeks of gestation as the reference, the adjusted odds ratio for tertiary education for individuals born at 22 to 27 weeks of gestation was 0.21 (95% CI, 0.13-0.35) and the corresponding figures for 28 to 31, 33, 36, 38, and 43 to 45 weeks of gestation were 0.45 (95% CI, 0.37-0.55), 0.67 (95% CI, 0.54-0.83), 0.84 (95% CI, 0.77-0.93), 0.85 (95% CI, 0.81-0.89), and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.83-1.04), respectively. The adjusted odds ratio for highest income tertile for individuals born at 22 to 27 weeks of gestation was 0.66 (95% CI, 0.41-1.06) and the corresponding figures for 28 to 31, 33, 36, 38, and 43 to 45 weeks of gestation were 0.80 (95% CI, 0.68-0.94), 0.77 (95% CI, 0.63-0.93), 0.89 (95% CI, 0.82-0.96), 0.95 (95% CI, 0.91-0.99), and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.91-1.12), respectively. All estimates were adjusted for sex, birth year, parity, maternal age, maternal education, and maternal country of origin. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Shorter gestational duration even within the term range was associated with poorer socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood. While adults born at 35 to 38 weeks of gestation experienced only slightly increased risk of adverse socioeconomic outcomes, this may have a significant impact on public health, since a large proportion of all children are born in these weeks.
CD16-IL15-CLEC12A Trispecific Killer Engager (TriKE) Drives NK Cell Expansion, Activation, and Antigen Specific Killing of Cancer Stem Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Upasana Sunil Arvindam, Paulien van Hauten, Caroline Hallstrom, Daniel A. Vallera, Harry Dolstra, Jeffrey S. Miller, Martin Felices
Journal: Blood (2018)
MEK inhibition enhances oncolytic virus immunotherapy through increased tumor cell killing and T cell activation
Authors: Praveen K. Bommareddy, Salvatore Aspromonte, Andrew Zloza, Samuel D. Rabkin, Howard L. Kaufman
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2018)

Combining oncolytic virus and a MEK inhibitor augments immune-mediated therapeutic responses in melanoma and enhances sensitivity to PD-1 blockade in mice.