tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of glycemic control on treatment efficacy and safety during nabpaclitaxel plus gemcitabine therapy in unresectable pancreatic cancer.
Authors: Junko Tauchi, Akira Shinohara, Ken Ohashi, Taro Shibuki, Gen Kimura, Kumiko Umemoto, Kazuo Watanabe, Mitsuhito Sasaki, Hideaki Takahashi, Yusuke Hashimoto, Hiroshi Imaoka, Izumi Ohno, Shuichi Mitsunaga, Masafumi Ikeda, Toshikatsu Kawasaki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

337 Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hyperglycemia have been widely considered to be associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer. However, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between glycemic control and the efficacy or safety in pancreatic cancer pts receiving treatment with nab-Paclitaxel (nab-PTX) plus Gemcitabine (GEM). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 285 pts with unresectable pancreatic cancer with nab-PTX plus GEM as the first-line chemotherapy from December 2014 to March 2017 at the National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan. The pts were divided into two groups, average blood glucose level during the period of chemotherapy was less than 160 mg/dL (Group GC: Good glycemic control group) and more than 160 mg/dL (Group PC: Poor glycemic control group). Results: A total of 285 pts were enrolled. Median age was 66 years (range: 26-84) and males/females: 180/105, PS (0-1/2-3): 272/13, stage (III/IV): 77/208. There were 226 pts in GC group and 59 pts in PC group. No significant differences were seen in the overall survival between Group GC and PC (median: 16.1 months vs. 13.8 months, p = 0.344) and in the progression free survival between the two groups (median: 7.5 months vs. 8.2 months, p = 0.862). The incidence rate of grade 2-3 chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) was significantly higher in Group PC compared with Group GC (Group GC 28.3%, Group PC 45.8%, p = 0.010). Univariate and multivariate analyses identified glycemic control as significant independent factors associated with the incidence of grade 2-3 of CIPN (Odds ratio 2.182, 95% CI 1.20-3.96, p = 0.010). There was no significant difference in the relative dose intensity of nab-PTX between two groups (median, 56.6% in group GC, 56.5% in group PC, p = 0.952). Conclusions: Glycemic control during the chemotherapy with nab-PTX plus GEM in unresectable pancreatic cancer was not associated with OS. The incidence of severe CIPN was higher in pts with poor glycemic control compared with good glycemic control.
Use of Toothpaste and Toothbrushing Patterns Among Children and Adolescents — United States, 2013–2016
Authors: Gina Thornton-Evans, Michele L. Junger, Mei Lin, Liang Wei, Lorena Espinoza, Eugenio Beltran-Aguilar
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2019)

Fluoride use is one of the main factors responsible for the decline in prevalence and severity of dental caries and cavities (tooth decay) in the United States (1). Brushing children's teeth is recommended when the first tooth erupts, as early as 6 months, and the first dental visit should occur no later than age 1 year (2-4). However, ingestion of too much fluoride while teeth are developing can result in visibly detectable changes in enamel structure such as discoloration and pitting (dental fluorosis) (1). Therefore, CDC recommends that children begin using fluoride toothpaste at age 2 years. Children aged <3 years should use a smear the size of a rice grain, and children aged >3 years should use no more than a pea-sized amount (0.25 g) until age 6 years, by which time the swallowing reflex has developed sufficiently to prevent inadvertent ingestion. Questions on toothbrushing practices and toothpaste use among children and adolescents were included in the questionnaire component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the first time beginning in the 2013-2014 cycle. This study estimates patterns of toothbrushing and toothpaste use among children and adolescents by analyzing parents' or caregivers' responses to questions about when the child started to brush teeth, age the child started to use toothpaste, frequency of toothbrushing each day, and amount of toothpaste currently used or used at time of survey. Analysis of 2013-2016 data found that >38% of children aged 3-6 years used more toothpaste than that recommended by CDC and other professional organizations. In addition, nearly 80% of children aged 3-15 years started brushing later than recommended. Parents and caregivers can play a role in ensuring that children are brushing often enough and using the recommended amount of toothpaste.
Investigating Asthma, Allergic Disease, Passive Smoke Exposure, and Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Vanessa L. Kronzer, Cynthia S. Crowson, Jeffrey A. Sparks, Robert Vassallo, John M. Davis
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2019)

Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is postulated to originate at mucosal surfaces, particularly the airway mucosa. To investigate this hypothesis, we determined the association between RA and asthma, passive smoke exposure, and age at start of smoking. Methods For this case–control study, we identified 1,023 cases of RA (175 incident) within a single‐center biobank population, using a rules‐based algorithm that combined self‐report with 2 diagnostic codes. Exposures were self‐reported on biobank questionnaires. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the association of exposures with RA, adjusting for potential confounders. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Results After adjustment for allergies, urban environment, and passive smoke exposure, asthma was found to be associated with RA in the full cohort (OR 1.28 [95% CI 1.04–1.58; P = 0.02]) but not the incident RA cohort (OR 1.17 [95% CI 0.66–2.06; P = 0.60]). History of allergic disease was associated with RA in both the full cohort (OR 1.30 [95% CI 1.12–1.51; P &lt; 0.001]) and the incident RA cohort (OR 1.61 [95% CI 1.11–2.33; P = 0.01]), especially food allergy, which was significantly associated with RA in the full cohort (OR 1.38 [95% CI 1.08–1.75; P = 0.01]) and showed a trend toward significance in the incident RA cohort (OR 1.83 [95% CI 0.97–3.45; P = 0.06]). Passive smoke exposure at home or work was not associated with RA. Finally, age at start of smoking was not associated with increased odds of developing RA in either the full cohort (OR 1.03 [95% CI 1.00–1.06; P = 0.03]) or the incident RA cohort (OR 1.00 [95% CI 0.92–1.08; P = 0.98]). Conclusion Asthma and allergies may be associated with increased risk of RA. Passive smoke exposure and early age at start of smoking do not appear to influence risk of RA.
Alda-1 Attenuates Hyperoxia-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice
Authors: Sahebgowda Patil, Helena Hernandez-Cuervo, Jutaro Fukumoto, Smita Saji, Matthew Alleyn, Ramani Soundararajan, Richard F. Lockey, Narasaiah Kolliputi, Lakshmi Galam
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)
A Randomized Trial of Dual-Acting Bronchodilator AZD8871 for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Dave Singh, Rainard Fuhr, Lali Jimenez, Ulrika Wählby Hamrén, Alexandra Jauhiainen, Marie-Pierre Malice, Victor Balaguer, Alejhandra Lei, Ajay Aggarwal, Carol Astbury, Ioannis Psallidas
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2019)
Utility of Skin Tests for Diagnosis of Hypersensitivity Reactions to Iodinated Contrast Media
Authors: Gintarė Paulikaitė, Laura Malinauskienė, Anzelika Chomiciene, Kęstutis Černiauskas, Kotryna Linauskienė, Rūta Vėbrienė, Lawrence M. Dubuske, Audra Blaziene
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)
Application of Hyperpolarized 13C Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Detect Target Inhibition of NFkB Activation in Preclinical Patient-Derived Models of CNS Lymphoma
Authors: Huimin Geng, Brice Tiret, Hua-Xin Gao, Cigall Kadoch, Ming Lu, Lingjing Chen, Ilwoo Park, Gerd Melkus, Adam Elkhaled, John Kurhanewicz, Lisa Drew, Sebastien Degorce, Michele Mayo, Keith Dillman, Rana Anjum, Andrew Bloecher, Myriam Chaumeil, James Rubenstein
Journal: Blood (2018)
Impact and sustainability of centralising acute stroke services in English metropolitan areas: retrospective analysis of hospital episode statistics and stroke national audit data
Authors: Stephen Morris, Angus I G Ramsay, Ruth J Boaden, Rachael M Hunter, Christopher McKevitt, Lizz Paley, Catherine Perry, Anthony G Rudd, Simon J Turner, Pippa J Tyrrell, Charles D A Wolfe, Naomi J Fulop
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Abstract Objectives To investigate whether further centralisation of acute stroke services in Greater Manchester in 2015 was associated with changes in outcomes and whether the effects of centralisation of acute stroke services in London in 2010 were sustained. Design Retrospective analyses of patient level data from the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) database linked to mortality data from the Office for National Statistics, and the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme (SSNAP). Setting Acute stroke services in Greater Manchester and London, England. Participants 509 182 stroke patients in HES living in urban areas admitted between January 2008 and March 2016; 218 120 stroke patients in SSNAP between April 2013 and March 2016. Interventions Hub and spoke models for acute stroke care. Main outcome measures Mortality at 90 days after hospital admission; length of acute hospital stay; treatment in a hyperacute stroke unit; 19 evidence based clinical interventions. Results In Greater Manchester, borderline evidence suggested that risk adjusted mortality at 90 days declined overall; a significant decline in mortality was seen among patients treated at a hyperacute stroke unit (difference-in-differences −1.8% (95% confidence interval −3.4 to −0.2)), indicating 69 fewer deaths per year. A significant decline was seen in risk adjusted length of acute hospital stay overall (−1.5 (−2.5 to −0.4) days; P&lt;0.01), indicating 6750 fewer bed days a year. The number of patients treated in a hyperacute stroke unit increased from 39% in 2010-12 to 86% in 2015/16. In London, the 90 day mortality rate was sustained (P&gt;0.05), length of hospital stay declined (P&lt;0.01), and more than 90% of patients were treated in a hyperacute stroke unit. Achievement of evidence based clinical interventions generally remained constant or improved in both areas. Conclusions Centralised models of acute stroke care, in which all stroke patients receive hyperacute care, can reduce mortality and length of acute hospital stay and improve provision of evidence based clinical interventions. Effects can be sustained over time.
Atypical Presentation of T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia Mimicking Pleural Malignancy on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Raja Senthil, Arun Visakh R., Thara Pratap, Pushpa Mahadevan, V P Gangadharan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia is a rare form of leukemia, caused by clonal proliferation of cytotoxic T-cells, characterized by modest lymphocytosis and cytopenias of other lineage with hepatosplenomegaly and relatively rare lymph nodal involvement. Involvement of other organs is extremely rare. It is predominantly an indolent disease and most of patients remain asymptomatic for a long period. We present a rare case of aggressive form (CD56 positive) of large granular lymphocytic leukemia with atypical presentations mimicking pleural malignancy on F-FDG PET/CT.
Are Probiotics Money Down the Toilet? Or Worse?
Authors: Jennifer Abbasi
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract P4-03-08: Analyzing the clinical actionability of germline CYP2D6 polymorphism in Chinese breast cancer population
Authors: L Huang, A Cao
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background:Tamoxifen is effective for endocrine-responsive breast cancer as adjuvant therapy. CYP2D6 enzyme metabolizes tamoxifen to clinically active metabolites, while CYP2D6 polymorphisms may adversely affect tamoxifen efficacy by some retrospective clinical evidence. This study was carried out to estimate genotype frequencies of common variants of CYP2D6 in Chinese population. The relationship between prescription of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and CYP2D6 polymorphism was also analyzed. Methods: This was a retrospective research of early-stage patients who underwent surgical treatment at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center with ER+ and/or PR+ breast cancer. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood, which was used for genotyping CYP2D6*10 (C100T) single-nucleotide polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction-based methods. Results: A total of 312 patients with primary breast cancer were identified. More than 90.0% patients were in premenopausal status. The allele frequence of CYP2D6*10 in the Chinese population was 54.3%. The genotype frequencies of CYP2D6*10 were 20.5%, 50.3%, 29.2%, for wild-type, heterozygous and homozygous type respectively. We also found this SNP had no significant correlation with clinical characteristics. 145 patients were continuing endocrine treatment in first 5 years. 34.5% patients received CYP2D6 polymorphism test before the prescription of SERMs. The results significantly effected the choice of SERMs. Only 6.2% homozygous type patients took tamoxifen, 45.5% heterozygous patients chose tamoxifen, while 75.0% for wild type. 65.5% patients received CYP2D6 polymorphism test during the treatment of tamoxifen. 63.9% homozygous type patients switched to Toremifene, while 18.9% heterozygous patients changed the endocrine treatment. Conclusions: The results showed that the frequence of CYP2D6*10 allele was high and nearly 30% Chinese breast cancer population were intermediate metabolizer for tamoxifen. The cyp2d6 polymorphism would influence prescription of SERM in premenopausal breast cancer patients. Patients with homozygous types should take other endocrine treatment instead of tamoxifen, which need more evidence of prospective clinical trials. Citation Format: Huang L, Cao A. Analyzing the clinical actionability of germline CYP2D6 polymorphism in Chinese breast cancer population [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-03-08.
FANCI-FANCD2 Binds RNA, Which Stimulates Its Monoubiquitination
Authors: Zhuobin Liang, Yaqun Teng, Jingchun Liu, Simonne Longerich, Xiaoyong Chen, Allison M. Green, Natalie Collins, Li Lan, Patrick Sung, Gary M. Kupfer
Journal: Blood (2018)
HLA-A*32:01 is strongly associated with vancomycin-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms
Authors: Katherine C. Konvinse, Jason A. Trubiano, Rebecca Pavlos, Ian James, Christian M. Shaffer, Cosmin A. Bejan, Ryan J. Schutte, David A. Ostrov, Mark A. Pilkinton, Misha Rosenbach, Jeffrey P. Zwerner, Kristina B. Williams, Jack Bourke, Patricia Martinez, Francois Rwandamuriye, Abha Chopra, Mark Watson, Alec J. Redwood, Katie D. White, Simon A. Mallal, Elizabeth J. Phillips
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)
Epigenetic Antagonism between Polycomb and SWI/SNF Complexes during Oncogenic Transformation
Authors: Boris G. Wilson, Xi Wang, Xiaohua Shen, Elizabeth S. McKenna, Madeleine E. Lemieux, Yoon-Jae Cho, Edward C. Koellhoffer, Scott L. Pomeroy, Stuart H. Orkin, Charles W.M. Roberts
Journal: Cancer Cell (2011)
Adjuvant-free intragastric sensitization to peanut promotes anaphylaxis in CC027/GeniUnc mice
Authors: Kelly A. Orgel, Johanna Smeekens, Brandi Johnson, Darla R. Miller, Herman F. Staats, A. Wesley Burks, Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena, Martin T. Ferris, Michael D. Kulis
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)
Understanding practices and gaps in multidisciplinary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) care within the community oncology setting.
Authors: Lorna Lucas, Philip Agop Philip, Marianne Gandee, Amanda Kramar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

390 Background: HCC incidence continues to rise and presents a myriad of complex challenges involving multi disciplines to screen, diagnose, and provide personalized therapy. Recent advances in diagnostics and therapies necessitate a well-coordinated multidisciplinary approach in managing HCC patients, signaling a need to understand care within community care. The study aimed to understand how multidisciplinary cancer programs were structured to manage HCC care and to identify challenges and practices for management of HCC, a cancer less commonly seen in community care settings. Methods: The Association of Community Cancer Centers (ACCC) developed a survey to identify factors associated with delivery and coordination of care for HCC patients. The survey deployed electronically in July 2018 to multidisciplinary providers, representing 17 oncology professions. Of responses (n = 31), 69% identified their care setting as a “non-teaching community hospital, freestanding cancer center, private practice or other.” Results: 61% of respondents indicated their cancer programs do not have specialized hepatobiliary multidisciplinary team. Among those who have hepatobiliary multidisciplinary teams the composition and degree of specialization varied. 85% of respondents that do not have a specialized hepatobiliary team indicated that HCC patients are managed in consultation with a general tumor board. 52% indicated their program discussed participation in clinical trials with all HCC patients, and 55% of cancer programs conducted HCC clinical trials. 52% indicated their program had a formal pathway that outlines adherence to the NCCN guidelines for HCC management, 5% were in the process of developing and 43% were not in the process of developing such a pathway. Of respondents that reported barriers their program faces (n = 13) 31% indicated lack of psychosocial services, lack of screening and no/limited access to clinical trials. 23% responded delayed treatment and 15% responded delayed diagnosis as challenges. Conclusions: Review of multidisciplinary care delivery for HCC patients revealed unique protocols and challenges within primarily community-based settings.
Risk Factors Determining the Outcome of Critically Ill Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Patients: Time to Step Down?
Authors: Verena Wais, Carmen Huwe, Armin Imhof, Hendrik Bracht, Thanh Mai Anne Nguyen, Elisa Sala, Hartmut Döhner, Stephanie von Harsdorf, Donald Bunjes, Florian Kuchenbauer
Journal: Blood (2018)
Prospective evaluation of a developed S-1 dosage formula based on renal function.
Authors: Takuro Mizukami, Masashi Takeuchi, Chiyo K. Imamura, Eisuke Booka, HIROYA TAKEUCHI, Takeshi Kawakami, Taro Funakoshi, Kazushige Wakuda, Yu Aoki, Yasuo Hamamoto, Minoru Kitago, Hirofumi Kawakubo, Narikazu Boku, Yusuke Tanigawara, Yuko Kitagawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

86 Background: S-1 is an oral anticancer drug, containing tegafur (a prodrug of 5-FU), 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP, inhibitor of dihydoropyrimidine dehydrogenase) and potassium oxonate. Because CDHP is excreted in urine, renal dysfunction increases incidence of severe adverse drug reactions due to higher exposure of 5-FU. As approved dose of S-1 is determined by body surface area (BSA) for patients with normal renal function, dose of S-1 is practically reduced according to renal function of creatinine clearance (CLcr) estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault equation. In a previous pharmacokinetic study (n = 16), we had developed an S-1 dosage formula based on renal function achieving the target area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 5-FU: Dose = target AUC x (21.9 + 0.375 x CLcr) x BSA. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate and refine this formula if necessary. Methods: Thirty patients with various renal function received S-1 at dose determined by our developed formula. A series of blood samples were obtained at predefined times after the first dose to calculate the AUC of 5-FU. Predictability of the formula was evaluated by comparison between the observed and the target AUCs. Results: The observed daily AUC was ranged from 712.6 to 2868.7 ng‧h/mL in 30 patients with BSA in the range of 1.14-1.84 m 2 and CLcr in the range of 23.8-96.4 mL/min. Eighteen patients of them achieved the target AUC (1447.8 ± 545.4 ng‧h/mL). Since population pharmacokinetic analysis using combined pharmacokinetic data of 30 patients in this study and 16 patients in the previous study demonstrated that clearance of 5-FU is significantly lower in female than in male, the S-1 dosage formula was refined including gender as an additional factor: Dose = target AUC × (14.5 + 8.23 x GENDER [0 for female and 1 for male] + 0.301 × CLcr) × BSA. Revised nomograms showing recommended daily dose of S-1 were proposed for males and females taking into account tablet strengths. Conclusions: The refined formula for determining S-1 dosage on the basis of renal function, BSA and gender can be applied to clinical practice to ensure efficacy and safety for cancer patients treated with S-1. Clinical trial information: UMIN 000023880.
Dolutegravir versus ritonavir-boosted lopinavir both with dual nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy in adults with HIV-1 infection in whom first-line therapy has failed (DAWNING): an open-label, non-inferiority, phase 3b trial
Authors: Michael Aboud, Richard Kaplan, Johannes Lombaard, Fujie Zhang, José A Hidalgo, Elmira Mamedova, Marcelo H Losso, Ploenchan Chetchotisakd, Carlos Brites, Jörg Sievers, Dannae Brown, Judy Hopking, Mark Underwood, Maria Claudia Nascimento, Yogesh Punekar, Martin Gartland, Kimberly Smith
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2019)
DNA Methylation and Susceptibility to Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Martine W. Tremblay, Yong-hui Jiang
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2019)

The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been increasing steadily over the last 20 years; however, the molecular basis for the majority of ASD cases remains unknown. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing and detection of DNA modifications have made methylation-dependent regulation of transcription an attractive hypothesis for being a causative factor in ASD etiology. Evidence for abnormal DNA methylation in ASD can be seen on multiple levels, from genetic mutations in epigenetic machinery to loci-specific and genome-wide changes in DNA methylation. Epimutations in DNA methylation can be acquired throughout life, as global DNA methylation reprogramming is dynamic during embryonic development and the early postnatal period that corresponds to the peak time of synaptogenesis. However, technical advances and causative evidence still need to be established before abnormal DNA methylation and ASD can be confidently associated.