tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of antipseudomonal bacteriophage therapy in rats: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Y.W. Lin, R. Yoon Chang, G.G. Rao, B. Jermain, M.-L. Han, J.X. Zhao, K. Chen, J.P. Wang, J.J. Barr, R. Turner Schooley, E. Kutter, H.-K. Chan, J. Li
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2020)
A nomogram based on liver stiffness predicts postoperative complications in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Matteo Serenari, Kwang-Hyub Han, Federico Ravaioli, Seung-Up Kim, Alessandro Cucchetti, Dai-Hoon Han, Federica Odaldi, Matteo Ravaioli, Davide Festi, Antonio Daniele Pinna, Matteo Cescon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Male Hypogonadism Due to a Mutation in the Gene for the β-Subunit of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
Authors: Moshe Phillip, Jonathan E. Arbelle, Yael Segev, Ruti Parvari
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Normal pubertal development and fertility depend on the intricate interplay of hypothalamic, pituitary, and gonadal factors. Crucial in this respect are normal secretory patterns of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. These hormones stimulate the production of estrogen and ovulation in women and the production of testosterone and spermatogenesis in men. Secreted from common gonadotroph cells, the hormones are heterodimers composed of a common α-subunit and a specific β-subunit, each encoded by a separate gene. Specificity of action depends on the recognition of these hormones by specific receptors on the surface of gonadal cells. Various genetic defects of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis . . .
Abstract 18896: Plasma Derived Alpha-2 Macroglobulin Limits the Inflammatory Injury in a Mouse Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Model
Authors: Stefano Toldo, Adolfo G Mauro, Pratyush Narayan, Priyanka Kundur, Federica La Neve, Eleonora Mezzaroma, Antonio Abbate
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Alpha-2 macroglobulin (A2M) is a protein abundant in plasma known for its anti-inflammatory properties. A2M is cleared from the circulation by binding a membrane receptor, low-density...
Projected early spread of COVID-19 in Africa through 1 June 2020
Authors: Carl AB Pearson, Cari Van Schalkwyk, Anna M Foss, Kathleen M O’Reilly, Juliet RC Pulliam
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

For 45 African countries/territories already reporting COVID-19 cases before 23 March 2020, we estimate the dates of reporting 1,000 and 10,000 cases. Assuming early epidemic trends without interventions, all 45 were likely to exceed 1,000 confirmed cases by the end of April 2020, with most exceeding 10,000 a few weeks later.
Evaluation of pulmonary hypertension by right heart catheterisation: does timing matter?
Authors: Athiththan Yogeswaran, Manuel Jonas Richter, Natascha Sommer, Hossein Ardeschir Ghofrani, Werner Seeger, Henning Gall, Khodr Tello
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>In patients undergoing right heart catheterisation, the timing of haemodynamic measurement after sheath insertion (immediately or after a short resting period) influences the diagnosis, classification and risk stratification of pulmonary hypertension</b>https://bit.ly/2yHN9xq
A Multi-Center, Open-Label Phase II Study of Lenalidomide Plus Low-Dose Dexamethasone in Chinese Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma - the MM-021 Trial
Authors: Jian Hou, Jie Jin, Zhen Cai, Fangping Chen, Li Yu, Dao-bin Zhou, Xiao Li, Xiaoyan Ke, Depei Wu, Huisheng Ai, Fanyi Meng, Jianmin Wang, Jay Mei, Jingshan Zhang, Honeylet Wortman-Vayn, Xin Du
Journal: Blood (2012)
Sexual Transmission of Enteric Protozoa and Helminths in a Venereal-Disease-Clinic Population
Authors: Steven C. Phillips, Donna Mildvan, Daniel C. William, Alvin M. Gelb, Mary C. White
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

We examined the prevalence of enteric protozoan and helminthic infections and the associations between infection and gender, sexual preference, and sexual practices in 180 consecutive patients at a venereal-disease clinic. Of 163 men, 29 were infected with one or more enteric parasites. None of the 17 women had an enteric infection. The prevalence of infections with Entamoeba histolytica or Giardia lamblia (or both) was 21.5 per cent in homosexual men, 6.2 per cent in bisexual men, and 0 in heterosexual men. There were significant associations between oral-anal sex and infection with E. histolytica (P less than 0.01) or with helminths (P less than 0.05). Homosexuality and oral-anal sex were the most important risk factors in E. histolytica, G. lamblia, and helminthic infections. We conclude the "hyperendemic" enteric protozoan infection rates in homosexual men are related to three factors: the original endemic level in the general population; the prevalence of sexual acts that facilitate transmission; and the frequency of exposure to an infected person.
Obligation at zero acquaintance
Authors: David Dunning, Detlef Fetchenhauer, Thomas Schlösser
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2020)

Abstract Social obligation begins far before people establish explicit cooperative relationships. Research on trust suggests that people feel obligated to trust other people even at zero acquaintance, thus trusting complete strangers even though they privately expect to be exploited. Such obligations promote mutually beneficial behavior among strangers and likely help people build goodwill needed for more long-lasting relationships.
Abstract 17084: Left Ventricular Assist Device Restores Circadian Hemodynamic Variability in Advanced Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Francesco Castagna, Barry J McDonnell, Alberto Pinsino, Carmel M McEniery, Eric J Stöhr, Laura Watkeys, Reshad A Garan, Veli K Topkara, Hiroo Takayama, Koji Takeda, Yoshifumi Naka, Melana Yuzefpolskaya, John Cockcroft, Paolo C Colombo
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Impaired circadian hemodynamic variability (CHV) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Patients (pts) with advanced heart failure (HF) are known to have impaired CHV compa...
Early change in bilirubin levels is an important prognostic factor in severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with prednisolone
Authors: P Mathurin
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Early identification of patients with severe (discriminant function ≥32) biopsy-proven alcoholic hepatitis (AH) who are not responding to corticosteroids would be clinically relevant. Our goal was to develop simple criteria that will help physicians to promptly identify nonresponders to corticosteroids. A total of 238 patients were included. We used 6 months survival as an end point because of the rule requiring 6 months for listing alcoholic patients for transplantation. Overall survival at 1 and 6 months was 85% ± 2.3% and 64.3% ± 3.3%, respectively. An early change in bilirubin levels (ECBL) at 7 days (defined as bilirubin level at 7 days lower than bilirubin level on the first day of treatment) was observed in 73% of patients. At 7 days, in patients with ECBL, bilirubin decreased (84 ± 75 μmol/L [4.94 ± 4.40 mg/dL]), whereas it increased in patients without ECBL (76.5 ± 77 μmol/L [4.50 ± 4.54 mg/dL], P < .0001). Ninety-five percent of patients with ECBL continued to have improved liver function during treatment. At 6 months, survival of patients with ECBL was significantly higher than that of patients without ECBL, 82.8% ± 3.3% versus 23% ± 5.8%, P < .0001. On multivariate analysis, ECBL, discriminant function and creatinine were independent prognostic variables, and ECBL had the most important prognostic value. In conclusion, ECBL is a very simple predictive factor for identifying nonresponders. A recommendation to discontinue corticosteroids after 7 days in patients without ECBL, suggested by our results, awaits additional confirmation. (Hepatology 2003;38:1363-1369.)
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory treatment during covid-19: friend or foe? Response to: ‘Coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)’ by Giollo <i>et al</i>
Authors: Sara Monti, Carlomaurizio Montecucco
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

<h3>Abstract</h3> To assess the natural trajectory of brain activity over the migraine cycle, we assessed (1) the cerebral perfusion and (2) the hypothalamic connectivity during spontaneous headache attacks with follow-up recordings towards the next migraine attack. Using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, 12 migraine patients were examined in 82 sessions. We detected cyclic changes of brain perfusion in the limbic circuit (insula, hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens), with the highest perfusion during headache attacks. In addition, we found an increase of hypothalamic connectivity to the limbic system over the interictal interval, then collapsing during the headache. Our data provide strong evidence for the predominant role of the hypothalamus as a zeitgeber for generating migraine attacks. Our findings suggest that migraine attacks are the result of the hypothalamus losing control over the limbic system.
Observational Study of Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19
Authors: Joshua Geleris, Yifei Sun, Jonathan Platt, Jason Zucker, Matthew Baldwin, George Hripcsak, Angelena Labella, Daniel K Manson, Christine Kubin, R Graham Barr, Magdalena E Sobieszczyk, Neil W Schluger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Hydroxychloroquine has been widely administered to patients with Covid-19 without robust evidence supporting its use. We examined the association between hydroxychloroquine use and intubation or death at a large medical center in New York City. Data were obtained regarding consecutive patients hospitalized with Covid-19, excluding those who were intubated, died, or discharged within 24 hours after presentation to the emergency department (study baseline). The primary end point was a composite of intubation or death in a time-to-event analysis. We compared outcomes in patients who received hydroxychloroquine with those in patients who did not, using a multivariable Cox model with inverse probability weighting according to the propensity score. Of 1446 consecutive patients, 70 patients were intubated, died, or discharged within 24 hours after presentation and were excluded from the analysis. Of the remaining 1376 patients, during a median follow-up of 22.5 days, 811 (58.9%) received hydroxychloroquine (600 mg twice on day 1, then 400 mg daily for a median of 5 days); 45.8% of the patients were treated within 24 hours after presentation to the emergency department, and 85.9% within 48 hours. Hydroxychloroquine-treated patients were more severely ill at baseline than those who did not receive hydroxychloroquine (median ratio of partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen, 223 vs. 360). Overall, 346 patients (25.1%) had a primary end-point event (180 patients were intubated, of whom 66 subsequently died, and 166 died without intubation). In the main analysis, there was no significant association between hydroxychloroquine use and intubation or death (hazard ratio, 1.04, 95% confidence interval, 0.82 to 1.32). Results were similar in multiple sensitivity analyses. In this observational study involving patients with Covid-19 who had been admitted to the hospital, hydroxychloroquine administration was not associated with either a greatly lowered or an increased risk of the composite end point of intubation or death. Randomized, controlled trials of hydroxychloroquine in patients with Covid-19 are needed. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.).
Diversity among our disciplines: let’s provide differing perspectives in the interest of athlete care
Authors: Jon Patricios
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

> Zwide, a flat and dusty township on the outskirts of Port Elizabeth, where the apartheid government’s utter disdain for residents … had stranded people in a seemingly endless cycle of poverty and unemployment.1 

Excerpt, from “Against all odds”, biography describing where South African rugby world cup winning captain, Siya Kolisi (Figure) grew up.



Figure 1 
Rugby world cup winning captain—Springbok Siya Kolisi. Credit: Steve Haag



You can get a glimpse of a team talk given during the Rugby World Cup 2019 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GU5K3rGS6yo) by Springbok coach Johan ‘Rassie’ Erasmus. He explains to the national team the benefits of the diverse backgrounds from which the Springbok players come—from remote and under-resourced rural areas such as Zwide to top private rugby schools with world class facilities. His take-home message was that the Springbok’s strength lies partly in the diverse contributions from every team member, influenced by their differing backgrounds.

For many past decades, South Africa’s legislated discriminatory policies had handicapped the country and prevented it from benefiting from the diverse talents of all of its people. The presence of an assorted cohort of 2019 World Cup players provided perspective on the supposed ‘hardships’ of professional sport, when compared with the adversity endured for a lifetime by players such as Springbok captain Siya Kolisi. This proved unifying in the players’ motivation to unite the population across South Africa’s demographic.

Can we make comparisons …
Identifying outcomes for depression that matter to patients, informal caregivers, and health-care professionals: qualitative content analysis of a large international online survey
Authors: Astrid Chevance, Philippe Ravaud, Anneka Tomlinson, Catherine Le Berre, Birgit Teufer, Suzanne Touboul, Eiko I Fried, Gerald Gartlehner, Andrea Cipriani, Viet Thi Tran
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2020)
Relationship between cardiomyopathy and liver disease in chronic alcoholism*1
Authors: R ESTRUCH
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Based on anecdotal impressions, there is a common clinical perception that alcoholics with liver disease do not develop cardiomyopathy and that those with alcohol-induced cardiac disease are spared cirrhosis. To determine the relationship between alcoholic cardiomyopathy and cirrhosis, we carried out a prospective cross-sectional study that included: (1) 30 alcoholic men with cardiomyopathy; (2)30 alcoholic men without cardiomyopathy (left ventricular ejection fraction > 55%); (3) 20 actively drinking alcoholics with cirrhosis; (4) 15 abstaining alcoholics with cirrhosis; and (5) 15 nonalcoholics with cirrhosis of other etiologies. Cirrhosis was observed in 13 of 30 patients with alcoholic cardiomyopathy (43%), compared with 2 of 30 alcoholics without cardiomyopathy (6%) (P < .001). Ten of the 20 active alcoholics with cirrhosis (50%) showed evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy. Actively drinking alcoholics with cirrhosis had a significantly lower mean ejection fraction and shortening fraction, as well as a greater mean enddiastolic diameter and left ventricular mass than abstaining alcoholics with cirrhosis. Cardiac studies of patients with nonalcoholic cirrhosis were normal. We conclude that a positive correlation exists between alcoholic cardiomyopathy and cirrhosis. Alcoholics admitted solely for cardiomyopathy have a higher prevalence of cirrhosis than unselected alcoholics without heart disease. Actively drinking alcoholics admitted only for cirrhosis show impaired cardiac performance, whereas abstaining alcoholics with liver disease tend to manifest normal cardiac function.
Liver transplantation for sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: S NARUMI
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The clinical course of 37 patients who underwent 46 liver transplantations for primary (n = 33) and secondary (n = 4) sclerosing cholangitis was reviewed. The median follow-up was 37 months. The patient and graft survivals for patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis at 1, 2, and 5 years were 96.9%, 91.6%, 87.9%, and 83.1%, 74.2%, 65.2%, respectively. In the patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), prior surgery except for simple cholecystectomy was associated with significantly greater operative time and blood loss. No cholangiocarcinoma was identified at the time of transplantation. Human leukocyte antigen typing for PSC patients was heavily weighed toward B8 (58.8%) compared with control (11.8%). Sixty-two percent of patients with PSC also had inflammatory bowel disease. Moderate or severe rejection requiring OKT3, “rescue therapy” with FK506, or retransplantation was relatively higher in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (70%) versus patients without inflammatory bowel disease (36.4%) and a matched control group (37.5%). Progressive inflammatory bowel disease was seen in 6 of 19 patients, with 3 developing cancer and a dysplasia. Two patients in the entire group died of sepsis and 3 of colon cancer (2 recurrent and 1 primary). These data demonstrate that excellent survival results can be achieved in this group of patients. Rejection is frequent and often severe and steroid refractory. Colon cancer represents the most frequent cause of death in PSC patients after liver transplantation and demands constant attention. (Hepatology 1995;22:451–457.)
Immunotherapy With Programmed Cell Death 1 vs Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Inhibitors in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Tuo Deng, Guohua Zeng
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

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Midsystolic Clicks in Arteriosclerotic Heart Disease
Authors: R. BARRETT STEELMAN, RICHARD S. WHITE, JOHN C. HILL, JOHN P. NAGLE, MELVIN D. CHEITLIN
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Midsystolic clicks (MSC), or nonejection systolic clicks, were discovered in 15 patients with arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD). The diagnosis of ASHD was established by the presence of angina or the history of a documented myocardial infarction (MI) or both. The MSCs were recorded in 13 patients. A late systolic murmur was introduced by the MSC in four patients, and one patient had a soft holosystolic murmur. The mitral origin of the MSCs and murmurs was established by noting their change in timing and intensity following administration of vasoactive drugs. One patient underwent cardiac catheterization, and evidence of an old MI and papillary muscle dysfunction (PMD) was demonstrated. We think that the PMD that occurs secondary to ischemic fibrosis in ASHD permits slack chordae tendineae suddenly to become taut in midsystole and produce a snap. Although the mechanism for the production of chordal snaps has been previously postulated, ASHD has only recently been found responsible for producing these sounds. The diagnosis of ASHD should be considered in patients with MSCs, even though they frequently occur in its absence.
PTU-182 Percutaneous radiological gastrostomy in oesophageal cancer patients: a feasible and safe access for nutritional support during multimodal therapy
Authors: G Piessen, W Tessier, W B Robb, N Briez, A Boschetto, O Ernst, C Mariette
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is not widely used in malnourished oesophageal cancer (OC) patients because of concerns about feasibility in frequently obstructive tumours, suitability of the stomach as an oesophageal substitute, and potential for metastatic inoculation. A percutaneaous radiological gastrostomy (PRG) could be an optimal alternative. <h3>Methods</h3> Experience with PRG among 1205 consecutive patients presenting with OC from 2000 to 2010 in our department was retrospectively reviewed. PRG was proposed for malnourished patients for whom neoadjuvant chemoradiation was scheduled. PRG placement success rate and major (Dindo-Clavien&gt;II) related complications were analysed. A matched cohort analysis was then constructed in patients who underwent oesophagectomy with gastroplasty (n=759) to evaluate the impact of PRG placement on suitability of the gastric pull-up and on postoperative course. From 76 resected patients with PRG (PRG group), 152 randomly selected controls without PRG (no PRG group) were matched 2:1 by gender, age, ASA grade, cTNM stage and neoadjuvant treatment delivery. <h3>Results</h3> PRG placement was planned in 269 (22.3%) patients mainly with locally advanced OC (63.8%). PRG placement was feasible in 259 (96.3%) patients. 60-day PRG-related mortality and major morbidity rates were 0% and 3.8% respectively. For resected patients with gastroplasty, the PRG and no PRG groups were comparable regarding perioperative characteristics except for malnutrition more frequent in the PRG group (p&lt;0.001). At the time of operation, PRG takedown and site closure were uncomplicated and the use of the stomach was possible in all 76 patients. Despite higher malnutrition rate at presentation in the PRG group, overall and oesophageal surgery related morbidity rates were similar between the two groups (p&gt;0.432). <h3>Conclusion</h3> PRG is feasible, safe and useful in non-selected patients with OC and does not compromise the suitability of the stomach as an oesophageal substitute in patients deemed to be resectable. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Covid-19: Are chest compressions an aerosol generating procedure or not?
Authors: Zack AS Hassan
Journal: BMJ (2020)

<h3>Aim</h3> To assess the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses among Turkish patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and to determine the risk factors affecting the prevalence in these patient groups. <h3>Methods</h3> This study included 630 diabetic and 314 nondiabetic patients. Serologic testing for anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) and HbsAg was done using a third-generation commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and samples positive for anti-HCV and HbsAg were confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction assay. Diabetic patients were classified by HbsAg and anti-HCV status and were evaluated according to demographic features, diabetic characteristics and nondiabetic general risk factors, harmful habits, and aminotransferase (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) levels. <h3>Results</h3> HbsAg and anti-HCV seropositivity rates were 5.1% and 3.2% in diabetic patients and were 3.8% and 1.3% in control group, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups with respect to either marker. Shared risk factors for both hepatitis infections were increased aminotransferase levels and history of hospital admission. In addition, long duration of diabetes mellitus, poor diabetic regulation, and insulin treatment usage were found to relate to HbsAg, whereas a history of blood transfusions and surgical procedures were found to associate with anti-HCV seropositivity. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We determined that hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections were slightly but not significantly higher in diabetic patients compared with a normal population. If it is considered that different results might be obtained in various countries or even in various regions of same country, it may be concluded that multicenter and comprehensive studies are needed to elucidate true infection rates and to identify other risk factors affecting the prevalence of these infections.