tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Riccardo Castagnoli, Martina Votto, Amelia Licari, Ilaria Brambilla, Raffaele Bruno, Stefano Perlini, Francesca Rovida, Fausto Baldanti, Gian Luigi Marseglia
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> The current rapid worldwide spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection justifies the global effort to identify effective preventive strategies and optimal medical management. While data are available for adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), limited reports have analyzed pediatric patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate currently reported pediatric cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. <h3>Evidence Review</h3> An extensive search strategy was designed to retrieve all articles published from December 1, 2019, to March 3, 2020, by combining the terms<i>coronavirus</i>and<i>coronavirus infection</i>in several electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL), and following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Retrospective cross-sectional and case-control studies, case series and case reports, bulletins, and national reports about the pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. The risk of bias for eligible observational studies was assessed according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guideline. <h3>Findings</h3> A total of 815 articles were identified. Eighteen studies with 1065 participants (444 patients were younger than 10 years, and 553 were aged 10 to 19 years) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in the final analysis. All articles reflected research performed in China, except for 1 clinical case in Singapore. Children at any age were mostly reported to have mild respiratory symptoms, namely fever, dry cough, and fatigue, or were asymptomatic. Bronchial thickening and ground-glass opacities were the main radiologic features, and these findings were also reported in asymptomatic patients. Among the included articles, there was only 1 case of severe COVID-19 infection, which occurred in a 13-month-old infant. No deaths were reported in children aged 0 to 9 years. Available data about therapies were limited. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review that assesses and summarizes clinical features and management of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The rapid spread of COVID-19 across the globe and the lack of European and US data on pediatric patients require further epidemiologic and clinical studies to identify possible preventive and therapeutic strategies.
International multi-centre study of incidence and risk factors of symptomatic deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and or pulmonary embolism (PE) in prostate cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP)
Authors: F. P. Secin, G. Fournier, I. S. Gill, C. C. Abbou, C. Schulmann, I. Tuerk, T. Piéchaud, G. Janetschek, A. Vickers, B. Guillonneau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

8555 Background: There is no data regarding the incidence and variables associated with symptomatic DVT and or PE in patients undergoing LRP. Our aim was to evaluate the multi-centric incidence and risk factors for perioperative symptomatic DVT and PE after LRP. Methods: Patients with symptomatic DVT and or PE occurring within 2 months of surgery since start of the respective institutional LRP experience were included. Eight academic centers from both the United States and Europe participated. Diagnoses were made by Doppler ultrasound for DVT; and lung ventilation/perfusion scan and or chest computed tomography for PE. Associations between variables and DVT and/or PE were evaluated using Fisher’s exact test for categorical predictors and logistic regression for continuous predictors. Results: Patient reoperation (p value) (&lt;0.001), tobacco exposure (0.02), prior DVT (0.007), larger prostate size (0.02) and length of hospital stay (0.009) were significantly associated with higher risk of symptomatic DVT/PE. The nonuse of perioperative heparin was not a risk factor (1), as well as neoadjuvant therapy (1), perioperative transfusion (0.1), body mass index (0.9), surgical technique (0.3), operating time (0.2) and pathologic stage (0.5). There were no related deaths. Patients receiving preoperative heparin had significantly higher mean operative blood loss, 480cc vs 332cc (&lt;0.001) However, this did not translate into longer hospital stay (0.07); higher transfusion rates (0.09) or reoperation rates (0.3). The estimated cost of heparin prophylaxis in these patients exceeded $2.5 million. Conclusion: The incidence of symptomatic DVT or PE was similar despite different prophylactic regimens. Our data does not support the administration of prophylactic heparin in LRP to low risk patients (no prior DVT, no tobacco exposure, no prostate enlargement and or no anticipation of prolonged hospital stay). [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A Prospective Randomized Study of Rituximab and Dexamethasone vs Dexamethasone Alone in ITP.
Authors: Francesco Zaja, Patrizio Mazza, Nicola Vianelli, Marzia De Fina, Vincenzo Liso, Margherita Bonferroni, Emilio Usala, Silvia Cantoni, Felicetto Ferrara, Salvo Mirto, Giuseppe Visani, Giuseppe Fioritoni, Alfonso Zaccaria, Luigi Gugliotta, Maria G. Mazzucconi, Selenia Campagna, Valerio De Stefano, Dino Veneri, Cecilia Carbone, Gianpietro Semenzato, Franca Soldano, Enrica Gamba, Marta Battista, Michele Baccarani, Renato Fanin
Journal: Blood (2007)
Clinical Best Practice Advice for Hepatology and Liver Transplant Providers During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: AASLD Expert Panel Consensus Statement
Authors: Oren K. Fix, Bilal Hameed, Robert J. Fontana, Ryan M. Kwok, Brendan M. McGuire, David C. Mulligan, Daniel S. Pratt, Mark W. Russo, Michael L. Schilsky, Elizabeth C. Verna, Rohit Loomba, David E. Cohen, Jorge A. Bezerra, K. Rajender Reddy, Raymond T. Chung
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is rapidly spreading throughout the world. Hospitals and healthcare providers are preparing for the anticipated surge in critically ill patients, but few are wholly equipped to manage this new disease. The goals of this document are to provide data on what is currently known about COVID-19, and how it may impact hepatologists and liver transplant providers and their patients. Our aim is to provide a template for the development of clinical recommendations and policies to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on liver patients and healthcare providers.This article discusses what is known about COVID-19 with a focus on its impact on hepatologists, liver transplant providers, patients with liver disease, and liver transplant recipients. We provide clinicians with guidance for how to minimize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their patients' care.The situation is evolving rapidly, and these recommendations will need to evolve as well. As we learn more about how the COVID-19 pandemic impacts the care of patients with liver disease, we will update the online document available at https://www.aasld.org/about-aasld/covid-19-and-liver.
Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws: Case reports and analysis of 184 cases
Authors: O. Kanat, A. Ozet, F. Arpaci, S. Ataergin, O. Kuzhan, S. Komurcu, B. Ozet, M. Ozturk
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

18595 Background: In this study, we described four new cases of bisphosphonates-related jaw osteonecrosis and reviewed the English Medical Literature for similar case reports. Methods: A MEDLINE literature search was performed from September 2003 to November 2005 for all case reports of bisphosphonates-associated jaw osteonecrosis. Results: Our patients were three female and one male with a median age of 50.5 years (range, 35–57 years). Two patients had breast cancer and two another had multiple myeloma. Two patients received pamidronate initially and were switched later to zoledronate. The two other patients were treated with zoledronate. The median duration from the first administration of bisphosphonates to the diagnosis of osteonecrosis was 48 (range, 18–75) months. Review of the literature of all published cases revealed 184 patients. Age of these patients ranged from 37 to 89 years (median, 64 years). Seventy-eight patients (43.4%) were treated with bisphosphonates for metastatic breast carcinoma, 65 (36.3%) for multiple myeloma, and 14 (7.8%) for metastatic prostate cancer. Thirteen patients (7.2%) without cancer diagnosis were treated for osteoporosis (10 patients) or Paget’s disease (3 patients). Primary disease was not specified in five patients. Eighty-two patients (46.8%) were treated with pamidronate, 47 (26.8%) treated with zoledronate, 35 (20%) treated with pamidronate initially and later were changed to zoledronate, 9 (5.1%) treated with oral bisphosphonates and 2 (1.1%) treated with oral bisphosphonates initially and subsequently switched to zoledronate. Type of bisphosphonate was not specified in ten patients. The duration of bisphosphonates treatment was available for 45 patients (24.4%) and ranged from 1 to 93 (median, 28) months. Conclusion: Oncologists and dental professionals should be aware of this potential serious complication of long-term bisphosphonates treatment and special caution should be taken before dental intervention in such patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Exercise and Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Vincent L. Aengevaeren, Arend Mosterd, Sanjay Sharma, Niek H.J. Prakken, Stefan Möhlenkamp, Paul D. Thompson, Birgitta K. Velthuis, Thijs M.H. Eijsvogels
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Physical activity and exercise training are effective strategies for reducing the risk of cardiovascular events, but multiple studies have reported an increased prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis, usually measured as coronary artery calcification, among athletes who are middle-aged and older. Our review of the medical literature demonstrates that the prevalence of coronary artery calcification and atherosclerotic plaques, which are strong predictors for future cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, was higher in athletes compared with controls, and was higher in the most active athletes compared with less active athletes. However, analysis of plaque morphology revealed fewer mixed plaques and more often only calcified plaques among athletes, suggesting a more benign composition of atherosclerotic plaques. This review describes the effects of physical activity and exercise training on coronary atherosclerosis in athletes who are middle-aged and older and aims to contribute to the understanding of the potential adverse effects of the highest doses of exercise training on the coronary arteries. For this purpose, we will review the association between exercise and coronary atherosclerosis measured using computed tomography, discuss the potential underlying mechanisms for exercise-induced coronary atherosclerosis, determine the clinical relevance of coronary atherosclerosis in middle-aged athletes and describe strategies for the clinical management of athletes with coronary atherosclerosis to guide physicians in clinical decision making and treatment of athletes with elevated coronary artery calcification scores.
Dietary Manganese, Plasma Markers of Inflammation, and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Postmenopausal Women: Findings From the Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: Jung Ho Gong, Kenneth Lo, Qing Liu, Jie Li, Shuiqing Lai, Aladdin H. Shadyab, Chrisa Arcan, Linda Snetselaar, Simin Liu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

To examine the association between manganese intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women and determine whether this association is mediated by circulating markers of inflammation. We included 84,285 postmenopausal women without a history of diabetes from the national Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS). Replication analysis was then conducted among 62,338 women who participated in the WHI-Clinical Trial (WHI-CT). Additionally, data from a case-control study of 3,749 women nested in the WHI-OS with information on biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were examined using mediation analysis to determine the relative contributions of these known biomarkers by which manganese affects type 2 diabetes risk. Compared with the lowest quintile of energy-adjusted dietary manganese, WHI-OS participants in the highest quintile had a 30% lower risk of type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] 0.70 [95% CI 0.65, 0.76]). A consistent association was also confirmed in the WHI-CT (HR 0.79 [95% CI 0.73, 0.85]). In the nested case-control study, higher energy-adjusted dietary manganese was associated with lower circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers that significantly mediated the association between dietary manganese and type 2 diabetes risk. Specifically, 19% and 12% of type 2 diabetes risk due to manganese were mediated through interleukin 6 and hs-CRP, respectively. Higher intake of manganese was directly associated with a lower type 2 diabetes risk independent of known risk factors. This association may be partially mediated by inflammatory biomarkers.
What will we learn from covid-19? That we live in an uncertain world
Authors: Judith H Harvey
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Salisbury asks what we might learn from the covid-19 pandemic. 1 At times like this, we have to make it up as we go along.There isn't time to go through the hoops of obtaining official permission to change the way things are done.Just do it, then ask for absolution if necessary.We know that there are not enough doctors and nurses in the world to go around, so I expect that we will find new, realistic, and acceptable ways for providing good care with fewer staff.Patients, society, management, and lawyers have become less tolerant of risk.How much certainty is required of responsible medical practice-90%, 95%, 99.5%?The cost of reducing uncertainty can be high, for the health service and sometimes for patients.My own experience of VOMIT (victim of modern imaging technology) brought that home to me.I hope that covid-19 will help us accept that we live in an uncertain world.
A review of emerging physical transfection methods for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing
Authors: Apresio K. Fajrial, Qing Qing He, Nurul I. Wirusanti, Jill E. Slansky, Xiaoyun Ding
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Gene editing is a versatile technique in biomedicine that promotes fundamental research as well as clinical therapy.The development of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) as a genome editing machinery has accelerated the application of gene editing.However, the delivery of CRISPR components often suffers when using conventional transfection methods, such as viral transduction and chemical vectors, due to limited packaging size and inefficiency toward certain cell types.In this review, we discuss physical transfection methods for CRISPR gene editing which can overcome these limitations.We outline different types of physical transfection methods, highlight novel techniques to deliver CRISPR components, and emphasize the role of micro and nanotechnology to improve transfection performance.We present our perspectives on the limitations of current technology and provide insights on the future developments of physical transfection methods.
Impact of Febrile Neutropenia and Colony Stimulating Factor Use on Chemotherapy Delivery in Patients with Lymphoma: Results from the INC-EU Prospective Observational European Neutropenia Study.
Authors: Ruth Pettengell, Andre Bosly, Thomas D. Szucs, Christian Jackisch, Robert Leonard, Robert Paridaens, Manuel Constenla, Matthias Schwenkglenks
Journal: Blood (2006)
Endoscopic submucosal dissection using countertraction with clips and rubber band allows safe en bloc resection of recurrent duodenal superficial lesions with intense fibrosis
Authors: Alexandru Lupu, Julien Faller, Borathchakra Oung, Timothée Wallenhorst, Jérémie Jacques, Mathieu Pioche
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Superficial duodenal epithelial neoplasia ([Fig. 1]) can be endoscopically removed either with cold snare resection, conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). EMR is safe but can lead to a 20 % – 30 % recurrence rate because of piecemeal resections. Conversely, duodenal ESD has a high rate of en bloc resection but is technically challenging and has ≤ 50 % risk of complications (bleeding and perforation) [1] [2].
Ronald S. Duman, PhD (1954–2020)
Authors: Jane R. Taylor, Ralph J. DiLeone, Marina R. Picciotto
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2020)

Ronald S. Duman, the Elizabeth Mears and House Jameson Professor of Psychiatry, Professor of Neuroscience at the Yale University School of Medicine and Director of the Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities of the Connecticut Mental Health Center, died unexpectedly of a heart attack on 1 February 2020 while hiking near his home in Guilford, CT. Dr Duman was about to turn 65 years old. He was a member of the US National Academy of Medicine and received many honors for his research on mood disorders, including the Colvin Prize, from the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation, and the Anna-Monika Foundation Prize.
Abstract 13695: Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis: An Atypical Presentation With Myocardial Involvement
Authors: Shea A Ford, Jonathan Pollock
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Case: A 56 year old female with Hepatitis C presented to the ED for a 1 week history of purpuric rash with urticaria, fatigue, and arthralgias. The skin biopsy showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis. I...
BEON: A Functional Fluorescence Reporter for Quantification and Enrichment of Adenine Base-Editing Activity
Authors: Peipei Wang, Li Xu, Yandi Gao, Renzhi Han
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2020)

Adenine base editor (ABE) is a new generation of genome-editing technology through fusion of Cas9 nickase with an evolved E. coli TadA (TadA∗) and holds great promise as novel genome-editing therapeutics for treating genetic disorders. ABEs can directly convert A-T to G-C in specific genomic DNA targets without introducing double-strand breaks (DSBs). We recently showed that computer program-assisted analysis of Sanger sequencing traces can be used as a low-cost and rapid alternative of deep sequencing to assess base-editing outcomes. Here we developed a rapid fluorescence-based reporter assay (Base Editing ON [BEON]) to quantify ABE efficiency. The assay relies on the restoration of the downstream green fluorescent protein (GFP) in ABE-mediated editing of a stop codon located within the guide RNA (gRNA). We showed that this assay can be used to screen for effective ABE variants, characterize the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) requirement of a novel NNG-targeting ABE based on ScCas9, and enrich for edited cells. Finally, we demonstrated that the reporter assay allowed us to assess the feasibility of ABE editing to correct point mutations associated with dysferlinopathy. Taken together, the BEON assay would facilitate and simplify the studies with ABEs. Adenine base editor (ABE) is a new generation of genome-editing technology through fusion of Cas9 nickase with an evolved E. coli TadA (TadA∗) and holds great promise as novel genome-editing therapeutics for treating genetic disorders. ABEs can directly convert A-T to G-C in specific genomic DNA targets without introducing double-strand breaks (DSBs). We recently showed that computer program-assisted analysis of Sanger sequencing traces can be used as a low-cost and rapid alternative of deep sequencing to assess base-editing outcomes. Here we developed a rapid fluorescence-based reporter assay (Base Editing ON [BEON]) to quantify ABE efficiency. The assay relies on the restoration of the downstream green fluorescent protein (GFP) in ABE-mediated editing of a stop codon located within the guide RNA (gRNA). We showed that this assay can be used to screen for effective ABE variants, characterize the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) requirement of a novel NNG-targeting ABE based on ScCas9, and enrich for edited cells. Finally, we demonstrated that the reporter assay allowed us to assess the feasibility of ABE editing to correct point mutations associated with dysferlinopathy. Taken together, the BEON assay would facilitate and simplify the studies with ABEs.
The influence of preventive strategies on the COVID-2019 epidemic in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Kai Yang, Lingwei Wang, Furong Li, Dandan Chen, Xi Li, Chen Qiu, Rongchang Chen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>Early identification of imported cases, prevention of family clustering transmission, preventive measures in public areas and strict infection control procedures in hospitals were crucial for successful prevention of COVID-19 in Shenzhen, China</b>https://bit.ly/2UDb5JA
Urgent GP referrals for suspected cancer associated with lower mortality, study claims
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Early GP referrals are associated with cancer patients surviving longer, according to a study looking at 1.4m patients with cancer in England.1

Researchers from King’s College London and Public Health England looked at patients diagnosed between 2011 and 2015 and assessed the association between the use of urgent referrals in general practice and cancer stage at diagnosis and mortality.

The study, published in the British Journal of General Practice and funded by the National Institute for Health Research, found that higher practice use of referrals for suspected cancer was associated with lower mortality for the four most …
<scp>CD34</scp>+ cell dose effects on clinical outcomes after T‐cell replete haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia using peripheral blood stem cells. A study from the acute leukemia working Party of the European Society for blood and marrow transplantation (<scp>EBMT</scp>)
Authors: Enrico Maffini, Myriam Labopin, Didier Blaise, Fabio Ciceri, Zafer Gülbas, Eric Deconinck, Veronique Leblond, Patrick Chevallier, Gerard Sociè, Mercedes C. Araujo, Yener Koc, Bipin N. Savani, Norbert C. Gorin, Francesco Lanza, Arnon Nagler, Mohamad Mohty
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2020)

Previous observations have reported controversial conclusions regarding cell dose and survival endpoints after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We conducted a retrospective analysis on 414 adult patients (median age 54 years, range, 18-74 years) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first and second complete remission. They received a T-cell replete allogeneic HSCT from haploidentical donors, using peripheral blood stem cells, between 2006-2018. Median number of infused CD34+ was 6.58 × 106 /kg (range, 2.2-31.2 × 106 /kg). Graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis was post-transplant cyclophosphamide in 293 patients and anti-lymphocyte serum in 121 patients. Conditioning was myeloablative in 179 patients and reduced-intensity in 235 patients. After a median follow-up of 23.3 months (range, 12.1-41.8 months), 2-year overall survival (OS) was 64.5% (95% CI 59.3%-69.7%) with leukemia-free survival (LFS) of 57.3% (95% CI 51.8%-62.7%) and non-relapse mortality (NRM) of 23.3% (95% CI 19%-27.7%). Grades III-IV acute GVHD day+100 incidence was 14.6% while extensive chronic GVHD was 14.4% at 2-years. Thirteen (3.2%) patients experienced graft failure. We found the optimal CD34+/kg threshold defining high (n = 334) vs low cell dose (n = 80) at 4.96 × 106 . Recipients of >4.96 × 106 /kg CD34+ cells experienced less NRM (Hazard ratio [HR] 0.48; 95% CI 0.30-0.76) and prolonged LFS (HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.43-0.91) and OS (HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.40-0.88) compared to those in the lower cell dose cohort. Larger cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.