tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gallbladder Dyskinesia Is Associated With an Impaired Postprandial Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 Response in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Kiran V.K. Koelfat, Mark P. Plummer, Frank G. Schaap, Martin Lenicek, Peter L.M. Jansen, Adam M. Deane, Steven W.M. Olde Damink
Journal: Hepatology (2019)

Critical illness is associated with a disturbed regulation of gastrointestinal hormones resulting in functional and metabolic anomalies. Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is an ileum‐derived metabolic hormone induced by bile salts upon gallbladder emptying after enteral nutrient stimulation. Our aim was to study the nutrient‐stimulated FGF19 response in 24 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) compared with 12 healthy controls. All subjects received intraduodenal high‐lipid nutrient infusion for 120 minutes. Blood was collected every 30 minutes until 1 hour after infusion, and gallbladder emptying was studied by ultrasound. Serum levels of bile salts and FGF19 were assessed. ICU patients had significantly higher fasting bile salt serum levels compared with controls, whereas FGF19 serum levels were similar. In both groups, nutrient infusion elicited substantial bile salt elevations ( P &lt; 0.001), peaking at 90 minutes, albeit with a significantly lower peak in the ICU patients ( P = 0.029). In controls, FGF19 was significantly elevated relative to baseline from 120 minutes onward ( P &lt; 0.001). In ICU patients, the FGF19 response was blunted, as reflected by significantly lower FGF19 elevations at 120, 150, and 180 minutes ( P &lt; 0.05) and significantly lower area under the curve (AUC) values compared with controls ( P &lt; 0.001). Gallbladder dysmotility was associated with the impaired FGF19 response in critical illness. The gallbladder ejection fraction correlated positively with FGF19 AUC values (ρ = +0.34, P = 0.045). In 10 of 24 ICU patients, gallbladder emptying was disturbed. These patients had significantly lower FGF19 AUC values ( P &lt; 0.001). Gallbladder emptying and the FGF19 response were respectively disturbed or absent in patients receiving norepinephrine. Conclusion: The nutrient‐stimulated FGF19 response is impaired in ICU patients, which is mechanistically linked to gallbladder dysmotility in critical illness. This may contribute to disturbed liver metabolism in these patients and has potential as a nutritional biomarker.
Abstract 17059: Temporal Trends in Incidence and Mortality of Acute Myocardial Infarction for 30 Years in Japan -A Report From the Miyagi AMI Registry Study
Authors: Yuanji Cui, Kiyotaka Hao, Jun Takahashi, Satoshi Miyata, Ryuji Tsuburaya, Yasuharu Matsumoto, Kenta Ito, Yasuhiko Sakata, Hiroaki Shimokawa
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: We have previously demonstrated the trends for increasing incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and decreasing incidence of in-hospital mortality in Japan between the late 1970s and 2000s. However, the temporal trends in incidence and mortality of AMI in the 21st century in Japan remain to be elucidated since the previous report. Methods and Results: Miyagi AMI Registry Study is a prospective and observational study where all AMI patients in the Miyagi prefecture (2.32 million populations) have been registered. In the present study, we divided a total of 27,220 AMI patients (male/female 19,818/7,402) into 4 age groups (≤59, 60-69, 70-79 and ≥80 years) by sex, and examined decennial trends during the last 30 years (1985-1994, 1995-2004 and 2005-2014) in terms of incidence and in-hospital mortality of AMI. Statistical analysis was performed by using the piecewise linear regression model. In patients aged ≤59 years of both sexes, increasing trend in the incidence of AMI was consistently noted throughout the last 30 years (P&lt;0.01 in both sexes), whereas in male patients aged 60-69 years, the incidence of AMI was unaltered during the study period (P=0.11). On the other hand, in the remaining groups, including males aged 70-79 and ≥80 years and females aged 60-69, 70-79 or ≥80 years, the incidence of AMI showed a significant trend of decrease in the last decade (P&lt;0.01 in all groups) (Figure). In-hospital cardiac mortality was also significantly decreased during 1985-1994 in all age groups in both sexes (P&lt;0.01 in all groups), whereas in the last two decades, no such trend of in-hospital cardiac mortality was noted irrespective of sex or age. Conclusions: These results indicate the temporal trends in incidence of AMI in Japan, including the increases in younger ages and the decreases in elderly ages, providing a clue to further improve emergent care for AMI.
Outcome of rescue therapy in steroid-resistant ulcerative colitis : a retrospective study comparing cyclosporine and infliximab
Authors: A. Walch, Mats Sjöberg, M. Meshkat, A. Gustavsson, G. Järnerot, H. Vogelsang, E. Hertervig, G. Novacek, I. Friis-Liby, L. Blomquist, S. Angelberger, P. Karlen, C. Grännö, M. Vilien, M. Ström, H. Verbaan, P. M. Hellström, Y. Ngo, Jonas Halfvarson, W. Reinisch, Curt Tysk
Journal: Gut (2008)

Outcome of rescue therapy in steroid-resistant ulcerative colitis : a retrospective study comparing cyclosporine and infliximab
Image Gallery: Minocycline‐induced photo‐onycholysis with pigmentation
Authors: S. McCarthy, J.F. Bourke
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

DEAR EDITOR, A 23-year-old male patient was treated with minocycline 100 mg daily for folliculitis.After 3 months, crescent-shaped onycholysis of the lateral nail bed of the fingernails with secondary brown pigmentation, sparing the thumbs, was noted (a).The lunula, distal nail plate and toenails were unaffected.The onycholysis and pigmentation had fully resolved on review 6 months after cessation of minocycline (b).Drug-induced photo-onycholysis is rare, affects several fingers and usually spares the thumbs. 1 The drugs most commonly implicated are tetracyclines and psoralens. 1Blue-grey or brown pigmentation can also occur with tetracycline therapy, but nail involvement is rare.
Abstract 12157: Demonstration of Reliability and Validity of the State-Trait Hopelessness Scale in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Susan L Dunn, Madison P Buursma, Emma G Boven, Beryl D Munson, Holli A DeVon, Nathan L Tintle
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: The State-Trait Hopelessness Scale (STHS) was developed and tested to differentiate state and trait hopelessness in adults with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Reliability of the 23-ite...
A huge inflammatory fibroid polyp: an unexpected finding after positive fecal immunochemical test
Authors: Hidenori Kimura, Kenichiro Imai, Kinichi Hotta, Sayo Ito, Yoshihiro Kishida, Hiroyuki Ono
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

A 45-year-old man was referred to our surgery department for treatment of an ileal polyp detected in a previous colonoscopy, after a positive fecal immunochemical test. The colonoscopy showed a 40-mm pedunculated polyp, with ulcers, in the distal ileum ([Fig. 1 a]). A magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging showed no capillary vessels, which suggested that a non-neoplastic epithelium covered a subepithelial lesion ([Fig. 1 b]). The pathological examination of biopsies showed only inflammatory etiology and we could not reach a definitive diagnosis.
EQ‐5D 在天疱疮中的效度
Authors: B. Tamási, V. Brodszky, M. Péntek, L. Gulácsi, K. Hajdu, M. Sárdy, A. Szegedi, Z. Bata‐Csörgő, Á. Kinyó, F. Rencz
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

天疱疮是一组自身免疫性皮肤病,在皮肤和/或粘膜上(如口内)导致水疱和伤口。它是一种不常见的疾病,每年每百万人中有大约 15 例新发病例。两种最常见的临床类型是寻常型天疱疮和落叶型天疱疮。天疱疮可能威胁生命,其症状可导致患者日常生活严重困难。这项来自匈牙利的研究旨在评估寻常型天疱疮和落叶型天疱疮患者的健康状态和生活质量。作者们调查了 109 名天疱疮患者,并采集了关于人口统计学和临床特征的数据。通过 EQ‐5D 一般健康状况问卷评估生活质量。总体而言,分别有 50%、43%、43%、42% 和 19% 天疱疮患者报告了关于疼痛/不适、活动、焦虑/抑郁、日常活动和自理方面的问题。对于有皮肤和粘膜症状、合并症(与天疱疮同时发生的其他疾病)数量更多和病情更严重的患者,其生活质量下降更明显。在寻常型天疱疮和落叶型天疱疮患者或在女性和男性之间未发现生活质量评分的任何差异。这项研究显示,EQ‐5D 问卷可以准确测量天疱疮患者的生活质量。EQ‐5D 问卷能在各种病区患者和无这类疾病的人之间进行比较。此研究中报告的 EQ‐5D 评分可能有助于天疱疮新治疗(如利妥昔单抗)的成本效益分析,还可能在迄今只有有限选择的情况下,帮助改善患者对于更有效药物的获取。
Morphological Assessment of the Tricuspid Apparatus and Grading Regurgitation Severity in Patients With Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation
Authors: Luigi P. Badano, Rebecca Hahn, Hugo Rodríguez-Zanella, Diego Araiza Garaygordobil, Roberto Carlos Ochoa-Jimenez, Denisa Muraru
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2019)
Combined Inhibition of mTOR and BTK Signaling Is Required for Optimal Long Term Growth Inhibition in DLBCL Models
Authors: Wolfram Brugger, Maureen Hattersley, Alexandra Bussey, Corinne Reimer, Adriana E. Tron, Anna Staniszewska, Oona Delpuech, Larissa Carnevalli, Cecile M. Krejsa, Michele Mayo, Lynne Neveras, Maryann San Martin, Abla Rideout, Theresa Proia, Brandon Willis, J. Elizabeth Pease, Ahmed Hamdy, Sabina C. Cosulich
Journal: Blood (2017)
Genetics and the geography of health, behaviour and attainment
Authors: Daniel W. Belsky, Avshalom Caspi, Louise Arseneault, David L. Corcoran, Benjamin W. Domingue, Kathleen Mullan Harris, Renate M. Houts, Jonathan S. Mill, Terrie E. Moffitt, Joseph Prinz, Karen Sugden, Jasmin Wertz, Benjamin Williams, Candice L. Odgers
Journal: Nature Human Behaviour (2019)
Activation of MAPK Signaling by CXCR7 Leads to Enzalutamide Resistance in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Shangze Li, Ka-wing Fong, Galina Gritsina, Ali Zhang, Jonathan C. Zhao, Jung Kim, Adam Sharp, Wei Yuan, Caterina Aversa, Ximing J. Yang, Peter S. Nelson, Felix Y. Feng, Arul M. Chinnaiyan, Johann S. de Bono, Colm Morrissey, Matthew B. Rettig, Jindan Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) that has developed resistance to the new-generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonist enzalutamide is a lethal disease. Transcriptome analysis of multiple prostate cancer models identified CXCR7, an atypical chemokine receptor, as one of the most upregulated genes in enzalutamide-resistant cells. AR directly repressed CXCR7 by binding to an enhancer 110 kb downstream of the gene and expression was restored upon androgen deprivation. We demonstrate that CXCR7 is a critical regulator of prostate cancer sensitivity to enzalutamide and is required for CRPC growth in vitro and in vivo. Elevated CXCR7 activated MAPK/ERK signaling through ligand-independent, but β-arrestin 2-dependent mechanisms. Examination of patient specimens showed that CXCR7 and pERK levels increased significantly from localized prostate cancer to CRPC and further upon enzalutamide resistance. Preclinical studies revealed remarkable efficacies of MAPK/ERK inhibitors in suppressing enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer. Overall, these results indicate that CXCR7 may serve as a biomarker of resistant disease in patients with prostate cancer and that disruption of CXCR7 signaling may be an effective strategy to overcome resistance. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings identify CXCR7-mediated MAPK activation as a mechanism of resistance to second-generation antiandrogen therapy, highlighting the therapeutic potential of MAPK/ERK inhibitors in CRPC.
Device Therapy and Arrhythmia Management in Left Ventricular Assist Device Recipients: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Rakesh Gopinathannair, William K. Cornwell, Jonathan W. Dukes, Christopher R. Ellis, Kathleen T. Hickey, José A. Joglar, Francis D. Pagani, Henri Roukoz, Mark S. Slaughter, Kristen K. Patton
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are an increasingly used strategy for the management of patients with advanced heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Although these devices effectively improve survival, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias are common, predispose these patients to additional risk, and complicate patient management. However, there is no consensus on best practices for the medical management of these arrhythmias or on the optimal timing for procedural interventions in patients with refractory arrhythmias. Although the vast majority of these patients have preexisting cardiovascular implantable electronic devices or cardiac resynchronization therapy, given the natural history of heart failure, it is common practice to maintain cardiovascular implantable electronic device detection and therapies after LVAD implantation. Available data, however, are conflicting on the efficacy of and optimal device programming after LVAD implantation. Therefore, the primary objective of this scientific statement is to review the available evidence and to provide guidance on the management of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias in this unique patient population, as well as procedural interventions and cardiovascular implantable electronic device and cardiac resynchronization therapy programming strategies, on the basis of a comprehensive literature review by electrophysiologists, heart failure cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, and cardiovascular nurse specialists with expertise in managing these patients. The structure and design of commercially available LVADs are briefly reviewed, as well as clinical indications for device implantation. The relevant physiological effects of long-term exposure to continuous-flow circulatory support are highlighted, as well as the mechanisms and clinical significance of arrhythmias in the setting of LVAD support.
Assessment of Automated Identification of Phases in Videos of Cataract Surgery Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Felix Yu, Gianluca Silva Croso, Tae Soo Kim, Ziang Song, Felix Parker, Gregory D. Hager, Austin Reiter, S. Swaroop Vedula, Haider Ali, Shameema Sikder
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

<h3>Importance</h3> Competence in cataract surgery is a public health necessity, and videos of cataract surgery are routinely available to educators and trainees but currently are of limited use in training. Machine learning and deep learning techniques can yield tools that efficiently segment videos of cataract surgery into constituent phases for subsequent automated skill assessment and feedback. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate machine learning and deep learning algorithms for automated phase classification of manually presegmented phases in videos of cataract surgery. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This was a cross-sectional study using a data set of videos from a convenience sample of 100 cataract procedures performed by faculty and trainee surgeons in an ophthalmology residency program from July 2011 to December 2017. Demographic characteristics for surgeons and patients were not captured. Ten standard labels in the procedure and 14 instruments used during surgery were manually annotated, which served as the ground truth. <h3>Exposures</h3> Five algorithms with different input data: (1) a support vector machine input with cross-sectional instrument label data; (2) a recurrent neural network (RNN) input with a time series of instrument labels; (3) a convolutional neural network (CNN) input with cross-sectional image data; (4) a CNN-RNN input with a time series of images; and (5) a CNN-RNN input with time series of images and instrument labels. Each algorithm was evaluated with 5-fold cross-validation. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, and precision. <h3>Results</h3> Unweighted accuracy for the 5 algorithms ranged between 0.915 and 0.959. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the 5 algorithms ranged between 0.712 and 0.773, with small differences among them. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the image-only CNN-RNN (0.752) was significantly greater than that of the CNN with cross-sectional image data (0.712) (difference, −0.040; 95% CI, −0.049 to −0.033) and the CNN-RNN with images and instrument labels (0.737) (difference, 0.016; 95% CI, 0.014 to 0.018). While specificity was uniformly high for all phases with all 5 algorithms (range, 0.877 to 0.999), sensitivity ranged between 0.005 (95% CI, 0.000 to 0.015) for the support vector machine for wound closure (corneal hydration) and 0.974 (95% CI, 0.957 to 0.991) for the RNN for main incision. Precision ranged between 0.283 and 0.963. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Time series modeling of instrument labels and video images using deep learning techniques may yield potentially useful tools for the automated detection of phases in cataract surgery procedures.
Abstract 17144: Low Preoperative Eicosapentaenoic Acid Levels Predict a New Onset of Deep Vein Thrombosis After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Megumi Shimizu, Tetsuro Miyazaki, Jun Shiozawa, Yurina Sugita, Tatsuro Aikawa, Shohei Ouchi, Masaru Hiki, Haruka Kaneko, Masataka Naagayama, Muneaki Ishijima, Kazunori Shimada, Kazuo Kaneko, Hiroyuki Daida
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have beneficial effects (i.e., anticoagulation, anti-inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction improvement) against deep vein thromboembolism (DVT). Several studies have demonstrated low omega-3 PUFA levels in patients with DVT. However, whether low omega-3 PUFA level is associated with a new onset of DVT remains unclear. Methods: We enrolled 115 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for end-stage osteoarthritis of the knee from September 2014 to September 2016. Before and a week after the operation, ultrasonography was performed to determine the presence of DVT. Serum PUFA levels (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA], docosahexaenoic acid [DHA], dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid [DGLA] and arachidonic acid [AA]) were measured at baseline, whereas D-dimer and C-reactive protein levels were measured at baseline and on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after the surgery. Results: Of the 115 patients, 14 (12%) showed asymptomatic DVT. Serum EPA and DHA levels in the DVT gro...
Lessons from Worm Dendritic Patterning
Authors: Sharon Inberg, Anna Meledin, Veronika Kravtsov, Yael Iosilevskii, Meital Oren-Suissa, Benjamin Podbilewicz
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2019)

The structural and functional properties of neurons have intrigued scientists since the pioneering work of Santiago Ramón y Cajal. Since then, emerging cutting-edge technologies, including light and electron microscopy, electrophysiology, biochemistry, optogenetics, and molecular biology, have dramatically increased our understanding of dendritic properties. This advancement was also facilitated by the establishment of different animal model organisms, from flies to mammals. Here we describe the emerging model system of a Caenorhabditis elegans polymodal neuron named PVD, whose dendritic tree follows a stereotypical structure characterized by repeating candelabra-like structural units. In the past decade, progress has been made in understanding PVD's functions, morphogenesis, regeneration, and aging, yet many questions still remain.
Reply:
Authors: Megan G. Hofmeister, Brian R. Edlin, Eli S. Rosenberg, Elizabeth M. Rosenthal, Laurie K. Barker, Meredith A. Barranco, Eric W. Hall, Jonathan Mermin, A. Blythe Ryerson
Journal: Hepatology (2019)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. We appreciate Dr. Spaulding and colleagues’ thoughtful commentary on our article. We used national data to provide the most accurate estimate possible of the prevalence of hepatitis C among adults in the United States, but our estimate was dependent on the quality and completeness of the available data. We corrected for the omission of several high‐prevalence populations from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), but no nationally representative studies of these populations exist. Spaulding and her colleagues raise a number of reasons why our study may underestimate the true prevalence of hepatitis C among incarcerated persons, but unfortunately, no nationwide data exist to assess the magnitude of these potential biases. According to 2016 Bureau of Justice Statistics data, most people arrested are detained in jails for short periods of time1; thus, most of the number of persons cited in Dr. Spaulding’s reply would be eligible for NHANES sampling. We could not further adjust estimates for potential nonresponse bias beyond those addressed through standard NHANES sample weights without risk of double‐counting prevalent cases. Varan et al.2 data were excluded because we decided a priori to include only articles published more recently than those included in the incarcerated prevalence analysis from the Edlin et al. 20153 national hepatitis C virus prevalence estimate. With respect to the differential treatment of North Carolina and South Carolina from Schoenbachler et al.4 (“study 6”), South Carolina data were excluded because “Initially, the South Carolina program targeted detainees…who had obtained tattoos in non‐professional or unregulated settings.” Although testing was eventually expanded to include other detainees, Shoenbachler et al. did not indicate at what point that transition occurred or whether the expansion applied to all four South Carolina jails in the study or just one.4 We determined that the targeted risk‐based screening employed met our “sampling higher‐risk subpopulations selectively” exclusion criteria, and consequently only included North Carolina data from Schoenbachler et al. in our analysis. Incarcerated populations bear a large and disproportionate hepatitis C burden, and incarceration provides an important opportunity to identify cases, provide life‐saving curative treatment, and prevent transmission. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is looking to other systems to collect data for prevention planning and providing more support to traditional and nontraditional surveillance systems both within and outside correctional facilities. Regardless of the exact number, prevention, testing, care, and treatment of incarcerated persons with or at risk for hepatitis C is an important priority for CDC and the nation.
Abstract 19905: Comparative and Synergistic Effects of an Inhibitor of Integrin Outside-in Signaling With Clopidogrel and Aspirin in Inhibiting Arterial Thrombosis, and Their Different Effects on Hemostasis
Authors: Xiang Shen, Aleksandra Stojanovic-Terpo, Bo Shen, Xiaoping Du
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Due to shared mechanisms of thrombosis and hemostasis, all current anti-thrombotic drugs in clinical use, including anti-coagulant and anti-platelet drugs, are associated with increased bleeding risks, which can be life-threatening. Thus, there is a need for developing new anti-thrombotics that minimally cause excessive bleeding. We have recently shown that integrin outside-in signaling, which plays an important role in occlusive thrombosis but is not required for primary platelet thrombus formation, is mediated via the interaction between integrin [[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font &amp;#61538;]]3 subunit and heterotrimeric G protein, G[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font &amp;#61537;]]13. We have developed a novel inhibitor of integrin-G[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font &amp;#61537;]]13 interaction, mP6, which inhibits thrombosis without causing excessive bleeding in mouse models. In this study, we have directly compared effects of an improved formulation of mP6, M2mP6, with current anti-platelet drugs clopidogrel and aspirin on arterial thrombosis and hemostasis. We demonstrate that retroorbital injection of M2mP6 exerted potent anti-thrombotic effect within 5 min compared reported effects of clopidogrel of more than 1 hour. One time injection of M2mP6 (15 min, 5 μmol/kg, retro-orbital) is significantly superior to one-time ingestion of clopidogrel (2 hours, 2 mg/kg, oral) and superior to high concentrations of aspirin in inhibiting occlusive thrombosis using FeCl3-induced mouse carotid artery thrombosis model. Importantly, both clopidogrel and aspirin caused significantly prolonged tail bleeding time. In contrast, M2mP6 injection is not statistically different from control mice in tail bleeding time analysis. Furthermore, M2mP6, when used together with clopidogrel or clopidogrel and aspirin, showed synergistic effect in inhibiting occlusive thrombosis. These data demonstrates M2mP6 can potentially be a fast-acting and potent anti-thrombotic drug that does not cause adverse effect of bleeding.