tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Readability of Official Public Health Information About COVID-19 on Websites of International Agencies and the Governments of 15 Countries
Authors: Vishala Mishra, Joseph P. Dexter
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

ResultsAmong all 18 websites evaluated, information about COVID-19 uniformly exceeded the recommended reading level of grades 6 through 8 (Table ).All pages (n = 149) drawn from the websites scored above 8.0 by at least 1 metric, and 141 (95%) scored above 8.0 by all 5 metrics.A total of 145 pages (97%) exceeded the syntactic complexity typical for text written at a grade 8 level (mean length of clause, 8.0; dependent clauses per T-unit, 0.2).Across all CDC pages, the median FKGL was 11.0 (interquartile range [IQR], 3.2; range, 5.4-16.6).Median syllables per word was 1.7 (IQR, 0.2; range, 1.3-2.0),median words per sentence was 15.
Risk of Anemia With Metformin Use in Type 2 Diabetes: A MASTERMIND Study
Authors: Louise A. Donnelly, John M. Dennis, Ruth L. Coleman, Naveed Sattar, Andrew T. Hattersley, Rury R. Holman, Ewan R. Pearson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between metformin use and anemia risk in type 2 diabetes, and the time-course for this, in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and real-world population data. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Anemia was defined as a hemoglobin measure of &amp;lt;11 g/dL. In the RCTs A Diabetes Outcome Progression Trial (ADOPT; n = 3,967) and UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS; n = 1,473), logistic regression was used to model anemia risk and nonlinear mixed models for change in hematological parameters. In the observational Genetics of Diabetes Audit and Research in Tayside Scotland (GoDARTS) population (n = 3,485), discrete-time failure analysis was used to model the effect of cumulative metformin exposure on anemia risk. RESULTS In ADOPT, compared with sulfonylureas, the odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) for anemia was 1.93 (1.10, 3.38) for metformin and 4.18 (2.50, 7.00) for thiazolidinediones. In UKPDS, compared with diet, the OR (95% CI) was 3.40 (1.98, 5.83) for metformin, 0.96 (0.57, 1.62) for sulfonylureas, and 1.08 (0.62, 1.87) for insulin. In ADOPT, hemoglobin and hematocrit dropped after metformin initiation by 6 months, with no further decrease after 3 years. In UKPDS, hemoglobin fell by 3 years in the metformin group compared with other treatments. At years 6 and 9, hemoglobin was reduced in all treatment groups, with no greater difference seen in the metformin group. In GoDARTS, each 1 g/day of metformin use was associated with a 2% higher annual risk of anemia. CONCLUSIONS Metformin use is associated with early risk of anemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes, a finding consistent across two RCTs and replicated in one real-world study. The mechanism for this early fall in hemoglobin is uncertain, but given the time course, is unlikely to be due to vitamin B12 deficiency alone.
Expression of milk fat globule-EGF-factor 8 (MFG-E8) is reduced in human breast cancer, which contributes to tumorigenesis by increasing cell survival
Authors: Chuanwei Yang, Dennis Sgroi, Emmett Schmidt
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

3676  Milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) is a key factor that promotes clearance of dying cells by linking apoptotic cells to phagocytes. Early studies of MFG-E8 demonstrated increased serum levels in breast cancer patients, which was therefore designated as breast carcinoma-associated antigen BA64. We recently identified MFG-E8 as a down-regulated gene in murine model mammary tumors caused by erbB2 and cyclin D1 using array analysis of laser capture microdissected (LCM) tissues. These new data better fit an emerging view of MFG-E8 as a potent promoter of apoptotic clearance. To further evaluate the role of MFG-E8 in breast cancer, we used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qrt-PCR) of LCM extracted RNA from pre-invasive and invasive breast lesions to avoid infiltrating phagocytic cells that express MFG-E8. Here we report that cell-intrinsic MFG-E8 expression is reduced both in mouse erbB2 and cyclin D1 transgenic tumors when compared to normal or preinvasive mammary controls, and in tissues from invasive lesions in patients matched with their own pre-invasive control tissue (n=45) (p
The Role of Opioids in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Chronic Breathlessness
Authors: Eric W. Widera
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Effects of local and global spatial patterns in EEG motor-imagery classification using convolutional neural network
Authors: Jacob Jiexun Liao, Joy Jiayu Luo, Tao Yang, Rosa Qi Yue So, Matthew Chin Heng Chua
Journal: Brain-Computer Interfaces (2020)

ABSTRACT An emerging idea in electroencephalogram motor-imagery (EEG-MI) classification is the 'EEG-as-image' approach. It aims to capture local EEG signal dynamics by preserving the spatial relationships of EEG channels. We hypothesize that due to the global nature of EEG modulations, a better approach is to apply global unmixing filters. Using the BCI competition IV dataset 2a, we proposed three deep learning models: (1) one which applies multiple local spatial convolutions; (2) one which applies a global spatial convolution; and (3) a parallel architecture which combines both. Experiment results showed that the global model achieved an overall classification accuracy of 74.6% and outperformed the local and parallel architectures by 2.8% and 1.4%, respectively. It also outperformed the next best recorded result by 0.1%. By exploring the impact of local and global spatial filters on EEG-MI classification, this paper helps to advance the study of EEG feature representation within a deep learning framework.
Switch Control Inhibition of KIT and PDGFRA in Patients With Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Phase I Study of Ripretinib
Authors: Filip Janku, Albiruni R. Abdul Razak, Ping Chi, Michael C. Heinrich, Margaret von Mehren, Robin L. Jones, Kristen Ganjoo, Jonathan Trent, Hans Gelderblom, Neeta Somaiah, Simin Hu, Oliver Rosen, Ying Su, Rodrigo Ruiz-Soto, Michael Gordon, Suzanne George
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

In advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), there is an unmet need for therapies that target both primary and secondary mutations of pathogenic KIT/PDGFRA oncoproteins. Ripretinib is a novel switch-control kinase inhibitor designed to inhibit a wide range of
Tony Keable-Elliott: GP who turned around the fortunes of the BMA
Authors: Joanna Lyall
Journal: BMJ (2020)

When Tony Keable-Elliott was BMA treasurer he increased the association’s reserves more than sevenfold, from £1.9m (€2.1m; $2.5m) in 1981 to £15.2m in 1987, converting the Great Hall and updating rooms so they could be commercially let. 

Honouring the achievement in July 1987, Stephen Lock, editor of The BMJ at the time, wrote that when Keable-Elliott came to office, “The Great Hall was ridiculed as the most expensive badminton court in Europe; empty day after day because it failed to meet acceptable standards of acoustics, warmth, or fire safety.”

Keable-Elliott overcame many obstacles to achieve a cleaner, brighter, financially viable building, with humanity and his characteristic “moderate medicopolitical stance,” Lock added.

“Tony literally turned things round when membership had fallen below 50% and the association was on the brink of bankruptcy,” said John Marks, a contemporary of Keable-Elliott’s and chairman of council from 1984 to 1990. “He had finance at his fingertips, was a wonderful negotiator, and won us a brilliant pension scheme. …
Endoglin and ALK1 Act Differently of Ischemia and Shear Stress Induced Neovascularization
Authors: M.R. de Vries, L. Seghers, I.E. Hoefer, E. Pardali, B.P. van der Hierck, M.J. Goumans, P. ten Dijke, P.H. Quax
Journal: Circulation (2011)
SP0050 CASE 2 PRESENTER: SITTING AROUND ON A NEW JOINT
Authors: Maaike Gademan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

<h3></h3> The end-stage treatment for hip and knee osteoartritis is arthroplasty. The main aims of this treatment are to improve pain and joint functioning. It is thereby conceivable that patients should become more physically active after surgery. Although the literature on the outcomes of total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA and TKA) is vast, relatively little is known about physical activity levels of OA patients undergoing surgery. This presentations summarizes the state-of-the-art literature on the physical (in)activity level of patients with an indication for TKA or THA and its determinants, and the changes of physical (in)activity levels after surgery. These results are presented taking into account the activity levels of the general population. The presentation will end with an informal quiz on physcial (in)activity in THA and TKA patients. <h3>References:</h3> [1] Meessen JM, et al. Rheumatol Int. 2017 Feb;37(2):219-227. [2] Mills K, et al. Physiotherapy. 2019 MAR;105(1):35-45. [3] Hammett T, et al. Arthrititis Care Res. 2018 Jun;70(6):892-901. [4] Lee J, et al. Artitis Care Res. 2015;67(3):366-373. <h3>Disclosure of Interests:</h3> None declared
Acute Hepatitis Is a Prominent Presentation of the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Single‐Center Report
Authors: Amanda Cantor, Jonathan Miller, Philip Zachariah, Bernardo DaSilva, Kara Margolis, Mercedes Martinez
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

Background and Aims A newly recognized multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) has had a paradigm‐shifting effect on the perception of severe acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) illness severity in children. We report the clinical and biochemical features of liver involvement, and the comorbidities that present with hepatitis, in a substantial cohort of patients. Approach and Results This is a retrospective cohort study of 44 patients with MIS‐C admitted at Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital of New York‐Presbyterian during April and May 2020. We evaluated the number of patients who developed hepatitis and examined both demographics and inflammatory laboratory values to ascertain those that were at higher risk for liver involvement and more severe disease. Hepatitis was present in 19 subjects (43%) and was associated with more severe disease. Persons with hepatitis had significantly higher rates of shock at presentation (21.1% vs. 0%; P = 0.008), greater respiratory support requirement (42.1% vs. 12%; P = 0.005), and longer hospitalization times (median, 7 [interquartile range {IQR}, 5, 10] vs. 4 days [IQR, 3.5, 6.5]; P &lt; 0.05). Patients with hepatitis also had significantly higher levels of ferritin (706.9 vs. 334.2 mg/mL; P &lt; 0.01), interleukin‐6 (233.9 vs. 174.7 pg/mL; P &lt; 0.05), troponin (83.0 vs. 28.5 ng/L; P &lt; 0.05), and B‐type natriuretic peptide (7,424.5 vs. 3,209.5 pg/mL; P &lt; 0.05). The single patient with liver failure also developed multiorgan failure requiring vasopressors, hemodialysis, and mechanical ventilation. All patients were discharged, though &gt;50% had persistent hepatitis up to 1 month after discharge. Conclusions Hepatitis is common in children with MIS‐C and is associated with a more severe presentation and persistent elevation of liver function tests in many. Despite the positive outcomes reported here, close follow‐up is warranted given the limited knowledge of the long‐term impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 on the liver.
Effect of Sustained-Release Morphine for Refractory Breathlessness in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on Health Status
Authors: Cornelia A. Verberkt, Marieke H. J. van den Beuken-van Everdingen, Jos M. G. A. Schols, Niels Hameleers, Emiel F. M. Wouters, Daisy J. A. Janssen
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

Morphine is used as palliative treatment of chronic breathlessness in patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Evidence on respiratory adverse effects and health status is scarce and conflicting.To assess the effects of regular, low-dose, oral sustained-release morphine on disease-specific health status (COPD Assessment Test; CAT), respiratory outcomes, and breathlessness in patients with COPD.Participants were randomly assigned to 10 mg of regular, oral sustained-release morphine or placebo twice daily for 4 weeks, with the possibility to increase to 3 times daily after 1 or 2 weeks.The Morphine for Treatment of Dyspnea in Patients With COPD (MORDYC) study was a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study of a 4-week intervention. Patients were enrolled between November 1, 2016, and January 24, 2019. Participants were recruited in a pulmonary rehabilitation center and 2 general hospitals after completion of a pulmonary rehabilitation program. Outpatients with COPD and moderate to very severe chronic breathlessness (modified Medical Research Council [mMRC] breathlessness grades 2-4) despite optimal pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment were included. A total of 1380 patients were screened, 916 were ineligible, and 340 declined to participate.Primary outcomes were CAT score (higher scores represent worse health status) and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Paco2). Secondary outcome was breathlessness in the previous 24 hours (numeric rating scale). Data were analyzed by intention to treat. Subgroup analyses in participants with mMRC grades 3 to 4 were performed.A total of 111 of 124 included participants were analyzed (mean [SD] age, 65.4 [8.0] years; 60 men [54%]). Difference in CAT score was 2.18 points lower in the morphine group (95% CI, -4.14 to -0.22 points; P = .03). Difference in Paco2 was 1.19 mm Hg higher in the morphine group (95% CI, -2.70 to 5.07 mm Hg; P = .55). Breathlessness remained unchanged. Worst breathlessness improved in participants with mMRC grades 3 to 4 (1.33 points lower in the morphine group; 95% CI, -2.50 to -0.16 points; P = .03). Five participants of 54 in the morphine group (9%) and 1 participant of 57 in the placebo group (2%) withdrew because of adverse effects. No morphine-related hospital admissions or deaths occurred.In this randomized clinical trial, regular, low-dose, oral sustained-release morphine for 4 weeks improved disease-specific health status in patients with COPD without affecting Paco2 or causing serious adverse effects. The worst breathlessness improved in participants with mMRC grades 3 to 4. A larger randomized clinical trial with longer follow-up in patients with mMRC grades 3 to 4 is warranted.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02429050.
A Division of Labor between YAP and TAZ in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Michal Shreberk-Shaked, Bareket Dassa, Sanju Sinha, Silvia Di Agostino, Ido Azuri, Saptaparna Mukherjee, Yael Aylon, Giovanni Blandino, Eytan Ruppin, Moshe Oren
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The paralogous transcriptional cofactors Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ, also called WWTR1), the main downstream effectors of the Hippo signal transduction pathway, are emerging as pivotal determinants of malignancy in lung cancer. Traditionally, studies have tended to consider YAP and TAZ as functionally redundant transcriptional cofactors with similar biological impact. However, there is growing evidence that each of them also possesses distinct attributes. Here we sought to systematically characterize the division of labor between YAP and TAZ in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most common histological subtype of lung cancer. Representative NSCLC cell lines as well as patient-derived data showed that the two paralogs orchestrated nonoverlapping transcriptional programs in this cancer type. YAP preferentially regulated gene sets associated with cell division and cell-cycle progression, whereas TAZ preferentially regulated genes associated with extracellular matrix organization. Depletion of YAP resulted in growth arrest, whereas its overexpression promoted cell proliferation. Likewise, depletion of TAZ compromised cell migration, whereas its overexpression enhanced migration. The differential effects of YAP and TAZ on key cellular processes were also associated with differential response to anticancer therapies. Uncovering the different activities and downstream effects of YAP and TAZ may thus facilitate better stratification of patients with lung cancer for anticancer therapies. SIGNIFICANCE: Thease findings show that oncogenic paralogs YAP and TAZ have distinct roles in NSCLC and are associated with differential response to anticancer drugs, knowledge that may assist lung cancer therapy decisions.
Abstract 16540: Pregnancy Loss is Associated With Higher Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Independent of Traditional and Nontraditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors: The Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Philip S Hall, Gregory Nah, Eric Vittinghoff, Donna R Parker, JoAnn E Manson, Barbara V Howard, Gloria E Sarto, Margery L Gass, Shawnita M Sealy-Jefferson, Elena Salmoirago-Blotcher, Marcia L Stefanick, Aladdin H Shadyab, Linda V Van Horn, Ki Park, Nisha I Parikh
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Women with history of pregnancy loss (PL) have higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life, but it is unclear whether this is related to traditional or nontraditional CV...
Does Reduced Carotid Intima Media Thickness Progression Predict Cardiovascular Risk Reduction?
Authors: Prediman K. Shah
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Article, see p 621 B-mode ultrasound assessment of extracranial carotid artery morphology was first shown to predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, specifically acute myocardial infarction, by Salonen and Salonen in 1991. 1 In that study, the authors showed that relative risk of acute myocardial infarction was 2-fold higher with increased carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) measured in the common carotid artery; furthermore, the presence of carotid plaque was associated with 4to 7-fold higher risk of acute myocardial infarction depending on plaque size and stenosis. 1Since then, a number of studies have shown that increased cIMT, most commonly measured in the common carotid artery, is associated with increased CVD risk.The major determinants of cIMT appear to be genetic factors and vascular disease-related risk factors, especially advancing age and hypertension.Several studies have also shown that cIMT essentially lacks meaningful incremental prognostic value over and above the Framingham or other clinical risk prediction algorithms. 2-56][7][8] This is not surprising because cIMT does not measure actual atherosclerosis, and cIMT is mostly measured in the common carotid artery where plaque is rare, whereas atherosclerotic plaque occurs mostly in the carotid bulb and internal carotid artery.A number of randomized clinical trials have evaluated the effect of various therapeutic interventions on temporal changes in cIMT and related them to CVD risk, but the results have been inconsistent (reviewed by Nezu et al 9 ).In this issue of Circulation, Willeit et al 10 provide interesting information addressing the potential value of cIMT change with various therapeutic interventions in predicting CVD risk.The authors reviewed data from 119 randomized clinical trials involving a total of 100 667 subjects (mean age, 62 years; 42% female) who underwent sequential cIMT measurement and clinical outcome assessment at a mean follow-up of 3.5 years.The analytic model used was a meta-regression analysis of individual-level data using a Bayesian method to estimate model parameters.Overall, 12 038 CVD events (acute myocardial infarction, stroke, revascularization, fatal CVD) occurred during the follow-up period.The therapeutic interventions tested included antidiabetic agents, antihypertensive medications, lipid-lowering agents, and diet/vitamins.Overall results showed that each 10 μm/y reduction in cIMT progression was associated with about a 9% relative CVD risk reduction; furthermore, the authors estimated that greater reduction in cIMT progression would be associated with a proportionally greater CVD risk reduction (% risk reduction was 16, 24, 31, and 37 for each 10, 20, 30, and 40 μm/y reduction in cIMT progression, respectively). 10The correlation of cIMT reduction with CVD risk reduction showed that part of the CVD