tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of geriatric assessment factors with falls in older adults initiating chemotherapy.
Authors: Tanya Marya Wildes, William P. Tew, Ronald John Maggiore, Beatrice Jara-Almonte Edwards, Harvey Jay Cohen, David D. Smith, Supriya Gupta Mohile, Cynthia Owusu, Heidi D. Klepin, Cary Philip Gross, Stuart M. Lichtman, Ajeet Gajra, Vani Katheria, Chie Akiba, Arti Hurria
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

9542 Background: In older adults with cancer, falls are common and associated with injury, functional decline, and poorer quality of life and survival. Prior oncology studies have been inconsistent in identifying factors associated with or predictive of fall risk. Identifying individuals with cancer at greater risk for falls is essential to allow targeted intervention to prevent falls. Methods: In a previously reported prospective study (Hurria et al, JCO 2011), 500 older adults with cancer underwent geriatric assessment (GA) prior to initiation of a new course of chemotherapy. In this analysis, we examined cross-sectional demographic, cancer and GA factors associated with falls in the 6 months before GA using logistic regression with bidirectional stepwise selection (p<0.15 for factor retention). Results: We analyzed 401 evaluable patients. The median age was 73 (range 65-91); 58% were female; 87% were white race, and just over half (59%) had stage IV disease. The most common cancers included lung (28%), gastrointestinal (27%) and gynecologic (19%). The median MD-rated Karnofsky performance status was 90 (range 50-100). About 18% (73 patients) reported one or more falls in the previous 6 months; of these, 62%, 15%, and 23% reported 1, 2, and 3+ falls respectively. On multivariate analysis, antidepressant use, benzodiazepine use and dependence in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) were associated with increased odds of falls (Table). The area under the curve of our model is 0.71, with positive and negative predictive values of 0.5 and 0.84, respectively. Conclusions: In older adults with cancer, falls are associated with antidepressant use, benzodiazepine use and dependence in IADLs. Prospective study of incident falls will be required to confirm that the presence of these factors at baseline increases the risk of subsequent falls. Predictor Adjusted Odds Ratio 95% Confidence Intervals p Antidepressant use 2.96 (1.40, 6.16) 0.004 Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Anxiety score ≥8 1.72 (0.81, 3.52) 0.15 Benzodiazepine use 2.17 (1.00, 4.65) 0.05 Proton Pump Inhibitor use 1.73 (0.98, 3.04) 0.06 Age ≥75 1.70 (0.98, 2.97) 0.06 IADL dependence 1.77 (1.01, 3.11) 0.05 Timed Up & Go ≥13.5sec 1.66 (0.90, 3.01) 0.10
THU-281-Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with no interferon lambda 4 production are associated with reduced mortality in alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Sidsel Støy, Ewa Terczynska-Dyla, Sanne Skovgård Veidal, Kristoffer Rigbolt, Hendrik Vilstrup, Henning Grønbæk, Rune Hartmann, Thomas Damgaard Sandahl
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
THU-095-Short and long-term evaluation of liver fibrosis and outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis C after INF-free antiviral treatment
Authors: Cristina Stasi, Sinan Sadalla, Eleonora Carradori, Monica Monti, Luisa Petraccia, Francesco Madia, Laura Gragnani, Anna Linda Zignego
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
The number of tumorspheres cultured from CETCs in breast cancer patients in relation to stage of the disease and administration of chemotherapy.
Authors: Monika Pizon, Dorothea Zimon, Ulrich A. Pachmann, Katharina Pachmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e22032 Background: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death for women worldwide. Major hurdles for a successful treatment are cancer metastasis, resistance to therapy and disease recurrence. The presence of CETCs is closely related to metastasis formation, but the mechanisms by which CETCs contribute to recurrence of disease are still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the proliferative capacity of CETCs by analyzing the frequency of cells capable of clonal growth and thus tumorsphere formation with subsequent phenotypic characterization of the spheres arising in breast cancer patients. Methods: CETCs were cultured under conditions favoring growth of tumorspheres from 72 patients with breast cancer, including a subpopulation of 23 patients with metastatic disease. Cell viability, stem cell marker expression and ALDH 1 activity was evaluated by fluorescence scanning microscope (Olympus ScanR). Results: Sphere formation was observed in 79 % of patients with breast cancer. In the current study we found that the number of tumorspheres depended on stage of disease. Patients in stage IV had statistically significant more tumorspheres in 100µl blood compared to patients in stage I (median 30 vs. 10; p꞊0.002). Patients with chemotherapy treatment had lower numbers of tumorspheres compared to patients without chemotherapy (median 10 vs. 25; p꞊0.002). Interestingly, patients with HER2 positive primary tumors had the highest number of tumorspheres with a median of 50. Analysis of surface marker expression profile of tumorspheres showed that spheres cultured from CETCs had typical phenotype of cancer stem cells with a high enzymatic activity for ALDH 1. So far we have not observed sphere formation in healthy subjects. Conclusions: Understanding the details of cancer stem cells biology is a primary goal in basic oncology research but would also pave the way for a better clarification of breast cancer progression. Despite the fact that cancer stem cells are relatively chemoresistant, chemotherapy is the most important factor in cancer treatment resulting in reduction of the number of tumorspheres.
FRI-039-Autoimmune hepatitis-related cirrhosis: The importance of treatment response and the utility of Baveno VI criteria
Authors: Laura Patricia Llovet, Oswaldo Ortiz, Montserrat García-Retortillo, Raquel Vinuesa, Judith Gómez-Camarero, María García Eliz, Diana Horta, Conrado Fernández-Rodríguez, Ana Gomez, Carmen Álvarez-Navascués, Albert Parés, Maria Carlota Londoño
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
PS-109-Partial inhibition of de novo lipogenesis with the acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor PF-05221304 does not increase circulating triglycerides in humans and is sufficient to lower steatosis in rats
Authors: William Esler, Trenton Ross, Arthur Bergman, Collin Crowley, Santos Carvajal Gonzalez, David Beebe, Jeffrey A Pfefferkorn, Neeta Amin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
PS-045-HCC promotes autophagy in hepatic stellate cells, leading to HCC progression via IL-6/STAT3 signaling
Authors: Yuta Myojin, Hayato Hikita, Takahiro Kodama, Yuki Makino, Ryoko Yamada, Yoshinobu Saito, Tasuku Nakabori, Ryotaro Sakamori, Tomohide Tatsumi, Tetsuo Takehara
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
Combined culture and metagenomic analyses reveal significant shifts in the composition of the cutaneous microbiome in psoriasis
Authors: E.A. Langan, A. Künstner, M. Miodovnik, D. Zillikens, D. Thaçi, J.F. Baines, S.M. Ibrahim, W. Solbach, J.K. Knobloch
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

The treatment of psoriasis has been revolutionized by the development of biologic therapies. However, the pathogenesis of psoriasis, in particular the role of the cutaneous microbiome, remains incompletely understood. Moreover, skin microbiome studies have relied heavily on 16S rRNA sequencing data in the absence of bacterial culture.To characterize and compare the cutaneous microbiome in 20 healthy controls and 23 patients with psoriasis using metagenomic analyses and to determine changes in the microbiome during treatment.Swabs from lesional and nonlesional skin from patients with psoriasis, and from controls matched for site and skin microenvironment, were analysed using both 16S rRNA sequencing and traditional culture combined with mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) in a prospective study.Psoriasis was associated with an increased abundance of Firmicutes and a corresponding reduction in Actinobacteria, most marked in lesional skin, and at least partially reversed during systemic treatment. Shifts in bacterial community composition in lesional sites were reflected in similar changes in culturable bacteria, although changes in the microbiota over repeated swabbing were detectable only with sequencing. The composition of the microbial communities varied by skin site and microenvironment. Prevotella and Staphylococcus were significantly associated with lesional skin, and Anaerococcus and Propionibacterium with nonlesional skin. There were no significant differences in the amount of bacteria cultured from the skin of healthy controls and patients with psoriasis.Shifts in the cutaneous microbiome in psoriasis, particularly during treatment, may shed new light on the pathogenesis of the disease and may be clinically exploited to predict treatment response. What's already known about this topic? Alterations in the composition of the cutaneous microbiome have been described in psoriasis, although methodological differences in study design prevent direct comparison of results. To date, most cutaneous microbiome studies have focused on 16S rRNA sequencing data, including both living and dead bacteria. What does this study add? This prospective observational study confirms that changes in the composition of the cutaneous microbiome, detected by 16S rRNA sequencing, are consistent with those identified by bacterial culture and mass spectrometry. The changes in the microbiome during antipsoriasis therapy should be further investigated to determine whether these represent potential novel biomarkers of treatment response. What is the translational message? Characterization of cutaneous microbiota may ultimately move into the clinic to help facilitate treatment selection, not only by optimizing currently available treatments, but also by identifying new therapeutic targets.
SAT-118-Estimating proportion of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma attributable to hepatitis B and C in clinical centres in Sofia (Bulgaria) and Lisbon (Portugal): Results from a European pilot
Authors: Marieta Simonova, Otilia Mardh, Erika Duffell, Chantal Quinten, Slava Pavlova, Carolina Simões, Tanja Hadzhiolova, Krum Katzarov, Helena Cortez-Pinto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
When Is It Ethical for Physician-Investigators to Seek Consent From Their Own Patients?
Authors: Stephanie R. Morain, Steven Joffe, Emily A. Largent
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2019)

Classic statements of research ethics advise against permitting physician-investigators to obtain consent for research participation from patients with whom they have preexisting treatment relationships. Reluctance about "dual-role" consent reflects the view that distinct normative commitments govern physician–patient and investigator–participant relationships, and that blurring the research–care boundary could lead to ethical transgressions. However, several features of contemporary research demand reconsideration of the ethics of dual-role consent. Here, we examine three arguments advanced against dual-role consent: that it creates role conflict for the physician-investigator; that it can compromise the voluntariness of the patient-participant's consent; and that it promotes therapeutic misconceptions. Although these concerns have merit in some circumstances, they are not dispositive in all cases. Rather, their force—and the ethical acceptability of dual-role consent—varies with features of the particular study. As research participation more closely approximates usual care, it becomes increasingly acceptable, or even preferable, for physicians to seek consent for research from their own patients. It is time for a more nuanced approach to dual-role consent.
Diagnostic value of concomitant use of radial probe endobronchial ultrasound with guide sheath and transbronchial biopsy in lung cancer
Authors: S.C. Lee, S. Kwak, M.S. Park, Y.S. Kim, J. Chang, S.H. Lee, C.H. Han, S.M. Lee, C.J. Kim
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

Background: Although using radial endobronchial ultrasound with guide sheath (r-EBUS-GS) has shown its diagnostic power in peripheral pulmonary lesion, its actual utility is still low due to variable diagnostic performance. To overcome its limitation, we evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of r-EBUS-GS when combined with transbronchial biopsy (TBB). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 74 patients with NSCLC who underwent r-EBUS-GS plus TBB or TBB alone as diagnostic methods between 2017 Aug. and 2018 Nov. at the Severance hospital. Subjects were grouped by diagnostic modalities used (r-EBUS-GS plus TBB vs. TBB alone). Each group was matched by age, sex, biopsy location. Chi-square analysis and paired-t test were used to compare the characteristics, and to find the factors which affect to the diagnostic yield. Results: In each group, the number of male subjects was 21 and their mean age was 67.5 and 67.3, respectively. Lesion size was statistically smaller in r-EBUS-GS group. Although r-EBUS-GS alone (15/37, 40.5%) showed poor diagnostic yield, combination of r-EBUS-GS and TBB (27/37, 72.9%) showed higher than TBB alone group (23/37, 62.1%). Lung lesion with bronchus sign was associated with a higher diagnostic yield. (OR = 3.23 (1.17-8.90); p = 0.021). Conclusions: Combination of r-EBUS-GS and TBB has higher diagnostic power than using r-EBUS-GS or TBB alone. Legal entity responsible for the study: The authors. Funding: Has not received any funding. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
High dose apatinib in the reversal of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment for irradiation therapy in lung carcinoma
Authors: L. Liang, C. Hu, Y. Wen, W. Zhuang, L. Wang, Y. Xia, K. Hui, X. Jiang
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

Background: This study aimed to investigate the potential systemic anti-tumor effects of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) and apatinib (a novel vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor) via reversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment for lung carcinoma. Methods: Lewis lung cancer cells were injected into C57BL/6 mice in the right hindlimb (primary tumor; irradiated) and in the left flank (secondary tumor; nonirradiated). When both tumors grew to the touchable size, mice were randomly divided into eight treatment groups. These groups received normal saline or three distinct doses of apatinib (50 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) daily for 7 days, in combination with a single dose of 15 Gy radiotherapy or not to the primary tumor. The further tumor growth/regression of mice were followed and observed. Results: Only primary tumor growth could be delayed with single SABR, while both primary and secondary tumor growth could be regressed with apatinib administration in a dose-dependent propensity. When combining SABR and apatinib, significant retardation of primary tumor growth could be observed. In addition, when combining SABR and apatinib of 200 mg/kg, growth of the secondary tumors could also be significantly inhibited (P < 0.01). This result indicated the namely "abscopal effect". Mechanism analysis suggested that increased programmed death ligand-1 expression in tumor tissue was counteract by additional apatinib therapy. Furthermore, when apatinib was combined with SABR, the composition of immune cells could be changed and tumor specific T cell activation could be induced. More importantly, this two-pronged approach evoked tumor antigen-specific immune responses and the mice were resistant to another tumor rechallenge, finally, long-term survival was improved. Conclusions: Our results suggested that the tumor microenvironment could be managed with high-dose of apatinib, which was effective in eliciting an abscopal effect induced by SABR. Legal entity responsible for the study: The authors. Funding: This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China grants 81472792 and 81702813, Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province grants SJCX18_0707, and the Technology Office Foundation of Lianyungang City (NO.SH1613). Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Preventive effect of adding dexamethasone to a pre-warmed oxaliplatin solution and use of a hot compress for oxaliplatin-induced venous pain.
Authors: Satomi Sumikawa, Hitoshi Kawazoe, Kana Nakauchi, Risa Miyajima, Masaki Ueno, Hiroaki Asai, Yoh Kojima, Yoshihiro Yakushijin, Akihiro Tanaka, Hiroaki Araki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e20665 Background: Central venous port-free administration of oxaliplatin in combination with an oral fluoropyrimidine improves patient satisfaction, but pain provoked by oxaliplatin in the peripheral vein may reduce compliance. There have been recent reports that addition of dexamethasone to the oxaliplatin infusion, pre-warming of the solution, and separately that a hot compress over the peripheral catheterization site, reduce peripheral venous pain. To date, the therapeutic benefit of the combination of these techniques has not been established. We evaluated the efficacy of adding dexamethasone to a pre-warmed oxaliplatin solution and use of a hot compress on peripheral venous pain in patients receiving oxaliplatin combination therapy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who received oxaliplatin via a peripheral vein between December 2009 and February 2014. We recorded the incidence of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral venous pain with or without dexamethasone, pre-warming or the use of a hot compress. Results: We analyzed 255 treatments administered to 113 patients. There were no incidences of discontinuation of administration due to venous pain. Venous pain was noted in 19 patients (16.8%) and 41 administrations (16.1%). Venous pain per course and per patient was significantly associated with female sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.66–8.01, p = 0.001; and aOR 3.60, 95% CI 1.14–12.34, p < 0.05, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that adding dexamethasone to a pre-warmed oxaliplatin solution and using a hot compress significantly reduced the risk of venous pain per course and per patient with aORs of 0.09 (95% CI 0.02–0.34; p = 0.0002) and 0.12 (95% CI 0.01–0.81; p < 0.05), respectively. Conclusions: Ours is the first study to establish the analgesic effect of adding dexamethasone to a pre-warmed solution of oxaliplatin combined with use of a hot compress when administering oxaliplatin via a peripheral vein.
PS-106-An international, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial demonstrates novel effects of DGAT2 antisense inhibition in reducing steatosis without causing hypertriglyceridemia in T2DM patients
Authors: Rohit Loomba, Erin Morgan, Maple Fung, Lynnetta Watts, Richard Geary, Sanjay Bhanot
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
HLA‐B*35:01 Allele Is a Potential Biomarker for Predicting Polygonum multiflorum–Induced Liver Injury in Humans
Authors: Chaopeng Li, Tai Rao, Xiaoping Chen, Zhengsheng Zou, Aiwu Wei, Jinfa Tang, Peng Xiong, Pengyan Li, Jing Jing, Tingting He, Zhaofang Bai, Jiye Yin, Zhirong Tan, Peng Yu, Honghao Zhou, Jiabo Wang, Xiaohe Xiao, Dongsheng Ouyang
Journal: Hepatology (2019)

Polygonum multiflorum (PM) is a well‐known Chinese herbal medicine that has been reported to induce inflammation‐associated idiosyncratic liver injury. This study aimed to identify the genetic basis of susceptibility to PM‐drug‐induced liver injury (PM‐DILI) and to develop biological markers for predicting the risk of PM‐DILI in humans. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) regions of 11 patients with PM‐DILI were sequenced, and all human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–type frequencies were compared to the Han‐MHC database. An independent replication study that included 15 patients with PM‐DILI, 33 patients with other DILI, and 99 population controls was performed to validate the candidate allele by HLA‐B PCR sequence‐based typing. A prospective cohort study that included 72 outpatients receiving PM for 4 weeks was designed to determine the influence of the risk allele on PM‐DILI. In the pilot study, the frequency of HLA‐B*35:01 was 45.4% in PM‐DILI patients compared with 2.7% in the Han Chinese population (odds ratio [OR], 30.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.7‐77.8; P = 1.9 × 10 −10 ). In the independent replication study and combined analyses, a logistic regression model confirmed that HLA‐B*35:01 is a high‐risk allele of PM‐DILI (PM‐DILI versus other DILI, OR, 86.5; 95% CI, 14.2‐527.8, P = 1.0 × 10 −6 ; and PM‐DILI versus population controls, OR, 143.9; 95% CI, 30.1‐687.5, P = 4.8 × 10 −10 ). In the prospective cohort study, an asymptomatic increase in transaminase levels was diagnosed in 6 patients, representing a significantly higher incidence (relative risk, 8.0; 95% CI, 1.9‐33.2; P &lt; 0.02) in the HLA‐B*35:01 carriers (37.5%) than in the noncarriers (4.7%). Conclusion : The HLA‐B*35:01 allele is a genetic risk factor for PM‐DILI and a potential biomarker for predicting PM‐DILI in humans.
Factors Associated With Use of Sipuleucel-T to Treat Patients With Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Megan E. V. Caram, Ryan Ross, Paul Lin, Bhramar Mukherjee
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

Sipuleucel-T is an immunotherapy that has been approved for use in patients with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, sipuleucel-T may not be available to some patients because of logistics, cost, and practice structure.To identify factors associated with the adoption of sipuleucel-T across the United States.In this retrospective cohort study, patients with prostate cancer who received therapy for mCRPC (docetaxel, abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, cabazitaxel, radium 223, or sipuleucel-T) from January 1, 2010, through June 30, 2016, were identified in a large claims database of commercially insured patients. Patients who received sipuleucel-T were compared with patients who received any of the other treatments for mCRPC but did not receive sipuleucel-T. Data were analyzed from May 3, 2018, to February 24, 2019.Sipuleucel-T treatment.Patterns of treatment that involved the use of sipuleucel-T were elucidated, and binomial logistic regression was conducted to determine patient and physician factors that were associated with the use of sipuleucel-T and whether patients received sipuleucel-T in isolation or concurrently with other therapies.Among 7272 patients who received a treatment for mCRPC, 730 (10.0%) received sipuleucel-T. Mean (SD) age of patients in the entire cohort was 73.2 (9.2) years; 6739 (92.7%) were non-Hispanic and 975 (13.4%) were black. In multivariable analysis, patients who were Hispanic (odds ratio [OR], 0.57; 95% CI, 0.38-0.86) or lived in the Pacific region (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45-0.97) had lower odds of receiving sipuleucel-T than patients who were not Hispanic or who lived in the South Atlantic region. Patients with higher incomes had greater odds of receiving sipuleucel-T than patients with incomes of less than $50 000 (OR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.04-1.61] for $50 000-$99 000; OR, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.10-1.85] for >$99 000). Patients treated by a urologist had greater odds of receiving sipuleucel-T than patients not treated by a urologist (OR, 8.89; 95% CI, 7.10-11.11). Sixty-seven patients received concurrent therapies with sipuleucel-T, most commonly abiraterone or enzalutamide, but no factors were independently associated with patients receiving sipuleucel-T concurrent with other therapies for mCRPC.In this study, 1 of 10 patients with prostate cancer who were treated for mCRPC received sipuleucel-T, with several variables associated with its use. Identifying disparities in receipt of sipuleucel-T may affect future access to this and other highly specialized cancer therapies by defining barriers to treatment that could be addressed in future studies.