tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Moderators of psychological and psychoeducational interventions for the prevention of depression: A systematic review
Authors: Sonia Conejo-Cerón, Juan Ángel Bellón, Emma Motrico, Henar Campos-Paíno, Carmen Martín-Gómez, David D. Ebert, Claudia Buntrock, Margalida Gili, Patricia Moreno-Peral
Journal: Clinical Psychology Review (2020)
Stigmatizing Language About Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Brad J. Shapiro, Soraya Azari, Hendrée E. Jones
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Which is the best surgery for Budd-Chiari syndrome: Venous decompression or liver transplantation? A single-center experience with 50 patients
Authors: B RINGE
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The optimal treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) remains an open question. It is still a matter of controversial discussion whether venous decompression or liver transplantation is superior. To elucidate the role and prognosis of both surgical options in our own experience, a consecutive series of 50 patients treated between 1981 and 1993 was retrospectively analyzed. Twelve patients had different types of portosystemic shunts or local decompressive procedures, and transplantation was performed in 43 cases, including five with previous conventional surgery. The overall mortality of 18 of 50 was concentrated within the early postoperative period, with no patient lost after 1 year. In the venous decompression group, the success rate was only 29%, and treatment failure was closely related to the finding of cirrhosis or technical problems like vascular thrombosis. After transplantation, early complications were rejection, primary nonfunction, or graft necrosis, and contributed significantly to the risk of sepsis. Thirty of 43 liver recipients are currently alive, including four rescued after failed decompressive surgery, with 1- and 10-year survival of 69%, and excellent recurrence-free rehabilitation. These results clearly indicate that patient selection plays a dominant prognostic role in the treatment of BCS. Venous decompression and liver transplantation should both be integrated in a common therapeutic concept, and the individual decision for the preferred approach must be based on the leading clinical symptom: portal hypertension or liver failure, together with the assessment of reversibility of hepatic damage, and the potential of cure of the underlying disease.
Degradation of the Repetitive Genomic Landscape in a Close Relative of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Gavin C Woodruff, Anastasia A Teterina
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2020)

The abundance, diversity, and genomic distribution of repetitive elements is highly variable among species. These patterns are thought to be driven in part by reproductive mode and the interaction of selection and recombination, and recombination rates typically vary by chromosomal position. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, repetitive elements are enriched at chromosome arms and depleted on centers, and this mirrors the chromosomal distributions of other genomic features such as recombination rate. How conserved is this genomic landscape of repeats, and what evolutionary forces maintain it? To address this, we compared the genomic organization of repetitive elements across five Caenorhabditis species with chromosome-level assemblies. As previously reported, repeat content is enriched on chromosome arms in most Caenorhabditis species, and no obvious patterns of repeat content associated with reproductive mode were observed. However, the fig-associated C. inopinata has experienced repetitive element expansion and reveals no association of global repeat density with chromosome position. Patterns of repeat superfamily specific distributions reveal this global pattern is driven largely by a few repeat superfamilies that in C. inopinata have expanded in number and have weak associations with chromosome position. Additionally, 15% of predicted protein-coding genes in C. inopinata align to transposon-related proteins. When these are excluded, C. inopinata has no enrichment of genes in chromosome centers, in contrast to its close relatives who all have such clusters. Forward evolutionary simulations reveal that chromosomal heterogeneity in recombination rate alone can generate structured repetitive genomic landscapes when insertions are weakly deleterious, whereas chromosomal heterogeneity in the fitness effects of transposon insertion can promote such landscapes across a variety of evolutionary scenarios. Thus, patterns of gene density along chromosomes likely contribute to global repetitive landscapes in this group, although other historical or genomic factors are needed to explain the idiosyncrasy of genomic organization of various transposable element taxa within C. inopinata. Taken together, these results highlight the power of comparative genomics and evolutionary simulations in testing hypotheses regarding the causes of genome organization.
Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Quan-Xin Long, Bai-Zhong Liu, Hai-Jun Deng, Gui-Cheng Wu, Kun Deng, Yao-Kai Chen, Pu Liao, Jing-Fu Qiu, Yong Lin, Xue-Fei Cai, De-Qiang Wang, Yuan Hu, Ji-Hua Ren, Ni Tang, Yin-Yin Xu, Li-Hua Yu, Zhan Mo, Fang Gong, Xiao-Li Zhang, Wen-Guang Tian, Li Hu, Xian-Xiang Zhang, Jiang-Lin Xiang, Hong-Xin Du, Hua-Wen Liu, Chun-Hui Lang, Xiao-He Luo, Shao-Bo Wu, Xiao-Ping Cui, Zheng Zhou, Man-Man Zhu, Jing Wang, Cheng-Jun Xue, Xiao-Feng Li, Li Wang, Zhi-Jie Li, Kun Wang, Chang-Chun Niu, Qing-Jun Yang, Xiao-Jun Tang, Yong Zhang, Xia-Mao Liu, Jin-Jing Li, De-Chun Zhang, Fan Zhang, Ping Liu, Jun Yuan, Qin Li, Jie-Li Hu, Juan Chen, Ai-Long Huang
Journal: Nature Medicine (2020)

We report acute antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in 285 patients with COVID-19. Within 19 days after symptom onset, 100% of patients tested positive for antiviral immunoglobulin-G (IgG). Seroconversion for IgG and IgM occurred simultaneously or sequentially. Both IgG and IgM titers plateaued within 6 days after seroconversion. Serological testing may be helpful for the diagnosis of suspected patients with negative RT-PCR results and for the identification of asymptomatic infections.
Permanent Cardiac Pacing Versus Medical Treatment for the Prevention of Recurrent Vasovagal Syncope
Authors: Fabrizio Ammirati, Furio Colivicchi, Massimo Santini
Journal: Circulation (2001)

This clinical investigation was performed to compare the effects of permanent dual-chamber cardiac pacing with pharmacological therapy in patients with recurrent vasovagal syncope.Patients from 14 centers were randomized to receive either a DDD pacemaker provided with rate-drop response function or the beta-blocker atenolol at the dosage of 100 mg once a day. Inclusion criteria were age >35 years, >/=3 syncopal spells in the preceding 2 years, and positive response to tilt table testing with syncope occurring in association with relative bradycardia. The primary outcome was the first recurrence of syncope after randomization. Enrollment was started in December 1997, and the first formal interim analysis was performed on July 30, 2000. By that time, 93 patients (38 men and 55 women; mean age, 58.1+/-14.3 years) had been enrolled and randomized, although follow-up data were available for all patients (46 patients in the pacemaker arm, 47 patients in the pharmacological arm). The interim analysis showed a significant effect in favor of permanent cardiac pacing (recurrence of syncope in 2 patients [4.3%] after a median of 390 days) compared with medical treatment (recurrence of syncope in 12 patients [25.5%] after a median of 135 days; OR, 0.133; 95% CI, 0.028 to 0.632; P=0.004). Consequently, enrollment and follow-up were terminated.DDD pacing with rate-drop response function is more effective than beta-blockade for the prevention of syncopal recurrences in highly symptomatic vasovagal fainters with relative bradycardia during tilt-induced syncope.
Reply to: “Transarterial therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): A long way towards standardization”
Authors: Joong-Won Park, Hyun Beom Kim, In Joon Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)

[1] Llovet JM, Real MI, Montana X, Planas R, Coll S, Aponte J, et al. Arterial embolisation or chemoembolisation versus symptomatic treatment in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002;359:1734–1739. [2] Lo CM, Ngan H, Tso WK, Liu CL, Lam CM, Poon RT, et al. Randomized controlled trial of transarterial lipiodol chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2002;35:1164–1171. [3] Forner A, Llovet JM, Bruix J. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet 2012;379:1245–1255. [4] Marelli L, Stigliano R, Triantos C, Senzolo M, Cholongitas E, Davies N, et al. Transarterial therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: which technique is more effective? A systematic review of cohort and randomized studies. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2007;30:6–25. [5] Iwamoto S, Sanefuji H, Okuda K. Angiographic subsegmentectomy for the treatment of patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 2003;97:1051–1056. [6] Park JW, Koh YH, Kim HB, Kim HY, An S, Choi JI, et al. Phase II study of concurrent transarterial chemoembolization and sorafenib for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2012;56:1336–1342.
Covid-19: pandemic healthcare centres should have already existed
Authors: Neel Sharma, Diana Anderson
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Too little too late are the words being uttered by medical professionals in both the UK and US at the rising numbers of confirmed covid-19 cases and deaths. 1 Healthcare architects and engineers support these sentiments given the frantic scramble for adaptive reuse of existing spaces to deliver care. 1 Knowing weeks in advance of the global spread of this virus did little to spark momentum in the US and UK health systems to prepare early for what lay ahead.
Characterizing diversity in the tumor-immune microenvironment of distinct subclasses of gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas
Authors: S. Derks, L.K. de Klerk, X. Xu, T. Fleitas, K.X. Liu, Y. Liu, F. Dietlein, C. Margolis, A.M. Chiaravalli, A.C. Da Silva, S. Ogino, F.G. Akarca, G.J. Freeman, S.J. Rodig, J.L. Hornick, E. van Allen, B. Li, S.X. Liu, V. Thorsson, A.J. Bass
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Scintigraphy of the Liver, Spleen, and Biliary Tree
Authors: Lionel S. Zuckier, Leonard M. Freeman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Scintigraphy of the liver and biliary tree has held a position of importance from the earliest days of nuclear medicine until the present. While modalities of ultrasound, CT, and MRI have taken over the role of anatomic imaging from scintigraphy, important functional aspects of liver and biliary tree physiology remain to be addressed primarily through colloid, red blood cell, and hepatobiliary scintigraphy. The current applications will be reviewed in the current chapter.
Advances in regenerative medicine for otolaryngology/head and neck surgery
Authors: Michael J McPhail, Jeffrey R Janus, David G Lott
Journal: BMJ (2020)

ABSTRACT Head and neck structures govern the vital functions of breathing and swallowing. Additionally, these structures facilitate our sense of self through vocal communication, hearing, facial animation, and physical appearance. Loss of these functions can lead to loss of life or greatly affect quality of life. Regenerative medicine is a rapidly developing field that aims to repair or replace damaged cells, tissues, and organs. Although the field is largely in its nascence, regenerative medicine holds promise for improving on conventional treatments for head and neck disorders or providing therapies where no current standard exists. This review presents milestones in the research of regenerative medicine in head and neck surgery.
The sense of obligation in children's testimonial learning
Authors: Pearl Han Li, Annelise Pesch, Melissa A Koenig
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2020)

Abstract We extend Tomasello's discussion of children's developing sense of obligation to testimonial learning. First, we review a battery of behaviors in testimonial exchanges that parallel those described by Tomasello. Second, we explore the variable ways in which children hold others accountable, suggestive that children's evaluations of moral and epistemic responsibilities in joint collaborative activities are distinct.
Selective transmission of variant genomes from mother to infant in neonatal fulminant hepatitis B
Authors: F VONWEIZSACKER
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) nucleotide sequences isolated from mother/child pairs were analyzed in three cases of neonatal fulminant hepatitis B (FHB). Heterogeneous HBV sequences consistent with both adw2 and ayw subtype were found in all three mothers. In one case, in which the child survived, both subtypes were transmitted. By contrast, only the ayw subtype was present in the two other children with a fatal course of FHB. In one fatal case, studied in greater detail, multiple HBV variants (viral quasi-species) were identified in both mother and child. A direct sequence comparison showed that only a subfraction of the virus pool from the mother was transmitted and that multiple new mutations emerged in the child. These data suggest that a minor HBV subpopulation from the mother may prevail as the dominant species in the child and that neonatal FHB is associated with the selection of mutant strains.
Strontium Ranelate — A Novel Therapy for Osteoporosis or a Permutation of the Same?
Authors: Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Osteoporosis was originally described in literature and art hundreds of years ago. Our ability to treat this disease lay dormant for centuries, but in the past 10 years, clinical trials have improved treatment options and efficacy. In this issue of the Journal, Meunier et al.1 report on their study of the safety and effectiveness of strontium ranelate as a putative, novel therapy for osteoporosis.Strontium was originally detected in lead mines near Strontian, Scotland, in the late 1700s. This earth element is present in water and food and in trace amounts throughout the skeleton. Although absorption is poor when strontium . . .
Instrumented measures of sedentary behaviour and physical activity are associated with mortality in community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis
Authors: Anna G.M. Rojer, Keenan A. Ramsey, Marijke C. Trappenburg, Natascha M. van Rijssen, René H.J. Otten, Martijn W. Heymans, Mirjam Pijnappels, Carel G.M. Meskers, Andrea B. Maier
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2020)

Sedentary behaviour (SB) and physical activity (PA) can be objectively assessed with inertial sensors to describe bodily movement. Higher SB and lower PA is associated with higher chronological age and negative health outcomes. This study aimed to quantify the association between instrumented measures of SB (i-SB) and PA (i-PA) and mortality in community-dwelling older adults, to subsequently compare the quantitative effect sizes and to determine the dose-response relationships. An electronic search in six databases from inception to 27th of June 2019 was conducted. All articles reporting on i-SB or i-PA and mortality in community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years or older were considered eligible. A meta-analysis was conducted for the association between i-SB and i-PA and mortality expressed in Hazard Ratios (HR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI). A meta-regression analysis was performed to determine the dose-response relationship between i-SB and steps per day and mortality. Twelve prospective articles representing eleven cohorts, reporting data of 38,141 participants were included. In total 2502 (6.4%) participants died during follow-up (2.0 to 9.8 years). Comparing the most sedentary with the least sedentary groups of participants resulted in a pooled HR of 2.44 (95% CI 1.82–3.25). Comparing the least active with the most active groups of participants resulted in a pooled HR of 1.93 (95% CI 1.39-2.69); 2.66 (95% CI 2.11–3.35); 3.43 (95% CI 2.61–4.52), and 3.09 (95% CI 2.33–4.11) for light, moderate-to-vigorous-, total PA and steps per day, respectively. Meta-regression analyses showed clear dose-response relationships between i-SB and steps per day and mortality risk. Both i-SB and i-PA are significantly associated with mortality in community-dwelling older adults, showing the largest effect size for total physical activity. Dose-response relationships could be observed for i-SB and steps per day.
Abstract IA19: Fungal infection and carcinogenesis
Authors: Yinling Hu
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Increased fungal infection has been reported in oral and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) derived from patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy, immunodeficient patients, and non-autoimmune patients, as well as patients with other cancer types after radiation and chemotherapy. Thus, it is important to understand the role of increased fungal infection in tumor development. Our lab used several animal models to demonstrate that increased oral infection or colonization with Cladosporium cladosporioide (one of the most common fungi indoor and outdoor) or Candida albicans, which is one of the human commensal yeasts and opportunistic pathogens, promoted SCCs in the oral-esophageal-forestomach organs as well as distal cutaneous carcinogenesis. We revealed the mechanism underlying the relationship of increased fungal colonization with inflammatory pathways, epithelial cancer cell-oncogenic pathways, and bacteria during carcinogenesis. Those fungus-associated pathogenic phenotypes, inflammatory signaling, and epithelial oncogenic pathways observed in mice were also seen in human cancers. Based on these results in mice and human, we speculate that increased oral fungal colonization promotes human carcinogenesis. Citation Format: Yinling Hu. Fungal infection and carcinogenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Microbiome, Viruses, and Cancer; 2020 Feb 21-24; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(8 Suppl):Abstract nr IA19.
Epidemiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Katherine A. McGlynn, Jessica L. Petrick, Hashem B. El‐Serag
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

Liver cancer is a major contributor to the worldwide cancer burden. Incidence rates of this disease have increased in many countries in recent decades. As the principal histologic type of liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for the great majority of liver cancer diagnoses and deaths. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) remain, at present, the most important global risk factors for HCC, but their importance will likely decline in the coming years. The effect of HBV vaccination of newborns, already seen in young adults in some countries, will be more notable as vaccinated cohorts age. In addition, effective treatments for chronic infections with both HBV and HCV should contribute to declines in the rates of viral-associated HCC. Unfortunately, the prevalence of metabolic risk factors for HCC, including metabolic syndrome, obesity, type II diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are increasing and may jointly become the major cause of HCC globally. Excessive alcohol consumption also remains an intractable risk factor, as does aflatoxin contamination of food crops in some parts of the world. While significant efforts in early diagnosis and better treatment are certainly needed for HCC, primary prevention efforts aimed at decreasing the prevalence of obesity and diabetes and controlling mycotoxin growth, are just as urgently required.
Norrin mediates opposing effects on tumor progression of glioblastoma stem cells
Authors: Stefan Kassumeh, Siegfried G. Priglinger, Andreas Ohlmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

Glioblastoma is the most common human brain cancer entity and is maintained by a glioblastoma stem cell (GSC) subpopulation. In this issue of the JCI, El-Sehemy and colleagues explored the effects that Norrin, a well-characterized activator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, had on tumor growth. Norrin inhibited cell growth via β-catenin signaling in GSCs that had low expression levels of the transcription factor ASCL1. However, Norrin had the opposite effect in GSCs with high ASCL1 expression levels. The modulation of Norrin expression, with respect to high or low ASCL1 levels in GSCs, significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo, and subsequently increased the survival rate of mice. Notably, Norrin mediates enhanced tumor growth of glioblastomas by activating the Notch pathway. This study clarifies the opposing effects of Norrin on glioblastoma tumor growth and provides potential therapeutic targets for glioblastoma treatment.
Skeletal muscle loss after total gastrectomy, exacerbated by adjuvant chemotherapy.
Authors: Kazumasa Fujitani, Yusuke Yamaoka, Toshimasa Tsujinaka, Kazuyoshi Yamamoto, Motohiro Hirao, Mitsugu Sekimoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

168 Background: Skeletal muscle loss is associated with physical disability, nosocomial infections, postoperative complications, and decreased survival. Preventing the loss of skeletal muscle mass after gastrectomy may lead to improved outcomes. The aims of this study were to assess changes in skeletal muscle mass after total gastrectomy (TG) and to clarify the clinical factors affecting significant loss of skeletal muscle after TG. Methods: One hundred and two patients undergoing TG for primary gastric cancer underwent abdominal computed tomography (CT) before and 1 year after TG to precisely quantify postoperative changes in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified clinical factors contributing to significant loss of skeletal muscle after TG. Results: At 1 year after TG, the mass of both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue was reduced by 6.20±6.80% and 65.8±36.1% of the preoperative values, respectively, and 26 patients (25.5%) showed a significant loss of skeletal muscle of more than 10%. Adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 for ≥6 months (hazard ratio 26.75, 95% confidence interval 3.511 to 203.9) was identified as the single independent risk factor for a significant loss of skeletal muscle. Conclusions: Skeletal muscle loss was exacerbated by extended adjuvant chemotherapy after TG. Further research should identify appropriate nutritional interventions for maintaining skeletal muscle mass and leading to improved outcomes.