tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trends in infant mortality in Venezuela between 1985 and 2016: a systematic analysis of demographic data
Authors: Jenny García, Gerardo Correa, Brenda Rousset
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2019)

Between the 1950s and 2000, Venezuela showed one of the most substantial improvements in infant mortality rates in Latin America. However, the recent economic crisis alongside an increase in infectious and parasitic diseases might be reversing previous patterns. Because no official updated mortality statistics have been published since 2013, the effect of these recent events has been difficult to assess accurately. We therefore aimed to estimate infant mortality rate trends and report the effect of the crisis.We estimated infant mortality rates using direct methods (ie, death counts from Venezuelan Ministry of Health via yearbooks and notifiable diseases bulletins, and birth records published by the UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and the Venezuelan National Institute of Statistics) and indirect methods (using census data and a Living Conditions Survey ENCOVI 2016). We shaped yearly estimations using a semiparametric regression model, specifically a P-Spline model with a cubic thin plate base. The primary objective was to estimate infant mortality rate trends from 1985 to 2016.Around 2009, the long-term decline in infant mortality rate stopped, and a new pattern of increase was observed. The infant mortality rate reached 21·1 deaths per 1000 livebirths (90% CI -17·8 to 24·3) in 2016, almost 1·4 times the rate of 2008 (15·0, -14·0 to 16·1). This increase represents a huge setback on previous achievements in reducing infant mortality.Our conservative estimation indicates that Venezuela is in the throes of a humanitarian crisis. The increase in infant mortality rate in 2016 compared with 2008 takes the country back to the level observed at the end of the 1990s, wiping out 18 years of expected progress, and leaves the Venezuelan Government far from achieving the target of nine deaths per 1000 livebirths stated in the UN Millennium Development Goals.None.
Medical Treatment of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients: The Issue Is Not the Right Drug, but the Right Patient
Authors: Camillo Porta, Chiara Broglia, Francesca Negri
Journal: Hepatology (2019)

Porta, Camillo M.D., Ph.D.; Broglia, Chiara M.D., Ph.D.; Negri, Francesca M.D., Ph.D.Editor(s): Corey, Kathleen E.5; Malhi, Harmeet6 Author Information
Understanding economic evidence for the prevention and treatment of atopic eczema
Authors: T.H. Sach, E. McManus, N.J. Levell
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

Atopic eczema is an inflammatory skin condition, with a similar impact on health‐related quality of life as other chronic diseases. Increasing pressures on resources within the National Health Service increase the importance of having good economic evidence to inform their allocation. To educate dermatologists about economic methods with reference to currently available economic evidence on eczema. The role of different types of economic evidence is illustrated by evidence found in a systematic literature search conducted across 12 online databases up to 22 May 2017. Primary empirical studies either reporting the results of a cost‐of‐illness study or evaluating the cost, utility or full economic evaluation of interventions for preventing or treating eczema were included. Two reviewers independently assessed studies for eligibility and performed data abstraction, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer. Evidence tables of results were produced for narrative discussion. The reporting quality of economic evaluations was assessed. Seventy‐eight studies (described in 80 papers) were deemed eligible. Thirty‐three (42%) were judged to be economic evaluations, 12 (15%) cost analyses, six (8%) utility analyses, 26 (33%) cost‐of‐illness studies and one a feasibility study (1%). The calcineurin inhibitors tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, as well as barrier creams, had the most economic evidence available. Partially hydrolysed infant formula was the most commonly evaluated prevention. The current level of economic evidence for interventions aimed at preventing and treating eczema is limited compared with that available for clinical outcomes, suggesting that greater collaboration between clinicians and economists might be beneficial.
Reduced Absolute Myocardial Perfusion Relates to Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Lone Atrial Fibrillation Before and After Successful Catheter Ablation
Authors: Rohan S Wijesurendra, Alexander Liu, Francesco Notaristefano, Ntobeko A Ntusi, Theodoros D Karamitsos, Yaver Bashir, Matthew Ginks, Kim Rajappan, Tim Betts, Michael Jerosch-Herold, Vanessa M Ferreira, Stefan Neubauer, Barbara Casadei
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction independently of atherosclerotic risk factors, and patients with AF can present with evidence of cardiac ischemia in the absence of epicardial coronary artery disease (CAD). Hypothesis: We hypothesised that absolute myocardial perfusion would be impaired and related to left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in patients with “lone” AF and no significant comorbidities or CAD, even after catheter ablation. Methods: Patients with lone paroxysmal or persistent AF underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (1.5 Tesla) for the evaluation of LV strain, and myocardial perfusion with absolute quantification of myocardial blood flow (MBF) both at baseline and during adenosine stress, before (n=49) and 6-9 months after (n=40) catheter ablation. Analyses were blinded, and results compared with those from matched controls in sinus rhythm (n=25). Results: Patients with AF had LV dysfunction compared to controls (P<0.001 for peak systol...
Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Risk Profile From Childhood to Midlife Between Individuals Who Did and Did Not Develop Diabetes at Follow-up: The Bogalusa Heart Study
Authors: Tingting Du, Camilo Fernandez, Rupert Barshop, Yajun Guo, Marie Krousel-Wood, Wei Chen, Lu Qi, Emily Harville, Franck Mauvais-Jarvis, Vivian Fonseca, Lydia Bazzano
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

Childhood and young adulthood may represent time periods in which cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and their cumulative exposure lay the foundation for future risk of chronic diseases. We examined the longitudinal burden of CVRFs since childhood in men and women in whom diabetes did and did not develop at follow-up.We included 1,530 participants (mean [SD] follow-up time 33.1 [8.2] years), who participated in the Bogalusa Heart Study and had been examined at least four times starting in childhood (mean age [SD] at first examination 9.4 [3.1] years). The area under the growth curve was used as a measure of cumulative exposure to CVRFs since childhood.In childhood, boys and girls in whom diabetes did and did not develop at follow-up had similar CVRFs. Yet, over time, women during the transition from normoglycemia to diabetes experienced greater adverse changes in total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (noted as early as 23.5 years old and persisting across adulthood up to the age of the diagnosis of diabetes); a higher burden of exposure to BMI, TC, LDL cholesterol, and FPG from childhood to midlife; and a greater change in rates of BMI, TC, LDL cholesterol, and FPG since childhood than men during the same transition (interaction P values <0.05).The greater exposure of women to and burden of CVRFs associated with diagnosis of diabetes may help to explain the stronger impact of diabetes as a major risk factor for cardiovascular events in women compared with men.
Therapeutic Options for Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Reto M. Kaderli, Marko Spanjol, Attila Kollár, Lukas Bütikofer, Viktoria Gloy, Rebecca A. Dumont, Christian A. Seiler, Emanuel R. Christ, Piotr Radojewski, Matthias Briel, Martin A. Walter
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2019)

Multiple therapies are currently available for patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), yet many therapies have not been compared head-to-head within randomized clinical trials (RCTs).To assess the relative safety and efficacy of therapies for NETs.PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, trial registries, meeting abstracts, and reference lists from January 1, 1947, to March 2, 2018, were searched. Key search terms included neuroendocrine tumors, gastrointestinal neoplasms, therapy, and randomized controlled trial.Randomized clinical trials comparing 2 or more therapies in patients with NETs (primarily gastrointestinal and pancreatic) were evaluated. Thirty RCTs met the selection criteria.Pairs of independent reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. A network meta-analysis with a frequentist approach was used to compare the efficacy of therapies; the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guideline was used.Disease control, progression-free survival, overall survival, adverse events, and quality of life.The systematic review identified 30 relevant RCTs comprising 3895 patients (48.4% women) assigned to 22 different therapies for NETs. These therapies showed a broad range of risk for serious and nonserious adverse events. The network meta-analyses included 16 RCTs with predominantly a low risk of bias; nevertheless, precision-of-treatment estimates and estimated heterogeneity were limited. The network meta-analysis found 7 therapies for pancreatic NETs: everolimus (hazard ratio [HR], 0.35 [95% CI, 0.28-0.45]), everolimus plus somatostatin analogue (HR, 0.35 [95% CI, 0.25-0.51]), everolimus plus bevacizumab plus somatostatin analogue (HR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.26-0.75]), interferon (HR, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.16-0.83]), interferon plus somatostatin analogue (HR, 0.31 [95% CI, 0.13-0.71]), somatostatin analogue (HR, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.33-0.66]), and sunitinib (HR, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.26-0.67]), and 5 therapies for gastrointestinal NETs: bevacizumab plus somatostatin analogue (HR, 0.22 [95% CI, 0.05-0.99]), everolimus plus somatostatin analogue (HR, 0.31 [95% CI, 0.11-0.90]), interferon plus somatostatin analogue (HR, 0.27 [95% CI, 0.07-0.96]), Lu 177-dotatate plus somatostatin analogue (HR, 0.08 [95% CI, 0.03-0.26], and somatostatin analogues (HR, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.21-0.78]) with higher efficacy than placebo and suggests an overall superiority of combination therapies.The findings from this study suggest that a range of efficient therapies with different safety profiles is available for patients with NETs.
Wound Botulism Outbreak
Authors: Bridget Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Spk-9001: Adeno-Associated Virus Mediated Gene Transfer for Hemophilia B - 1 Year Follow up and Impact of Baseline Characteristics on Transgene-Derived Factor IX Activity and Persistence
Authors: Lindsey A. George, Spencer K. Sullivan, Adam Giermasz, Ben J. Samelson-Jones, Jonathan M. Ducore, Jerome M. Teitel, Adam Cuker, Sylvia Von Mackensen, Suvankar Majumdar, Catherine E. McGuinn, Alexa R. Runoski, Fraser Wright, Sue Dasen, Kimberly Barber, Yifeng Chen, Daniel J. Hui, Ruchi Patel, Yun Liu, Katie Wachtel, Dan Takefman, Linda B. Couto, Kathleen Z. Reape, Marcus E. Carr, Xavier M. Anguela, Katherine A. High
Journal: Blood (2017)
Vascular Cardio-Oncology: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor inhibitors and hypertension
Authors: Jorie Versmissen, Katrina M Mirabito Colafella, Stijn L W Koolen, A H Jan Danser
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2019)

Since the formation of new blood vessels is essential for tumour growth and metastatic spread, inhibition of angiogenesis by targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway is an effective strategy for various types of cancer, most importantly renal cell carcinoma, thyroid cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, VEGF inhibitors have serious side effects, most importantly hypertension and nephropathy. In case of fulminant hypertension, this may only be handled by lowering the dosage since the blood pressure rise is proportional to the amount of VEGF inhibition. These effects pathophysiologically and clinically resemble the most severe complication of pregnancy, preeclampsia, in which case an insufficient placenta leads to a rise in sFlt-1 levels causing a decrease in VEGF availability. Due to this overlap, studies in preeclampsia may provide important information for VEGF inhibitor-induced toxicity and vice versa. In both VEGF inhibitor-induced toxicity and preeclampsia, endothelin (ET)-1 appears to be a pivotal player. In this review, after briefly summarizing the anticancer effects, we discuss the mechanisms that potentially underlie the unwanted effects of VEGF inhibitors, focusing on ET-1, nitric oxide and oxidative stress, the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, and rarefaction. Given the salt sensitivity of this phenomenon, as well as the beneficial effects of aspirin in preeclampsia and cancer, we next provide novel treatment options for VEGF inhibitor-induced toxicity, including salt restriction, ET receptor blockade, and cyclo-oxygenase inhibition, in addition to classical antihypertensive and renoprotective drugs. We conclude with the recommendation of therapeutic drug monitoring to improve patient outcome.
An Exome-seq Based Tool for Mapping and Selection of Candidate Genes in Maize Deletion Mutants
Authors: Shangang Jia, Kyla Morton, Chi Zhang, David Holding
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2018)

Abstract Despite the large number of genomic and transcriptomic resources in maize, there is still much to learn about the function of genes in developmental and biochemical processes. Some maize mutants that were generated by gamma-irradiation showed clear segregation for the kernel phenotypes in B73 × Mo17 F2 ears. To better understand the functional genomics of kernel development, we developed a mapping and gene identification pipeline, bulked segregant exome sequencing (BSEx-seq), to map mutants with kernel phenotypes including opaque endosperm and reduced kernel size. BSEx-seq generates and compares the sequence of the exon fraction from mutant and normal plant F2 DNA pools. The comparison can derive mapping peaks, identify deletions within the mapping peak, and suggest candidate genes within the deleted regions. We then used the public kernel-specific expression data to narrow down the list of candidate genes/mutations and identified deletions ranging from several kb to more than 1 Mb. A full deletion allele of the Opaque-2 gene was identified in mutant 531, which occurs within a ∼200-kb deletion. Opaque mutant 1486 has a 6248-bp deletion in the mapping interval containing two candidate genes encoding RNA-directed DNA methylation 4 (RdDM4) and AMP-binding protein, respectively. This study demonstrates the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of BSEx-seq for causal mutation mapping and candidate gene selection, providing a new option in mapping-by-sequencing for maize functional genomics studies.
Superscan 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT of PSA-Negative Prostate Cancer Bone Metastases
Authors: Bo Chen, Homer A. Macapinlac, Yang Lu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

A 76-year-old man presented with recently diagnosed prostate adenocarcinoma, Gleason score of 4 + 4, and a Super bone scan with concurrent PSA of 1.7 ng/mL. Approximately 3.5 months later, an F-fluciclovine PET/CT was performed despite of a decreased PSA of 0.3 ng/mL. A Superscan fluciclovine PET/CT was identified, and bone metastasis were later confirmed at biopsy.
18F-FDG PET/CT in Intramuscular Mantle Cell Lymphoma With Elongated Lymphomatous Neurovascular Extension
Authors: Nir Hod, Daniel Levin, Reut Anconina, Dina Ezroh Kazap, Sophie Lantsberg
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Skeletal muscle involvement by lymphoma is rare, particularly for mantle cell lymphoma. We describe a 65-year-old man who presented with a rapidly growing left thigh mass. FDG PET/CT characterized the mass as malignant. Interestingly, an unusual hypermetabolic elongated tumorous extension was demonstrated arising from the intramuscular mass disseminating alongside the neurovascular bundle of the thigh up to the groin. Histopathology revealed intramuscular mantle cell lymphoma. In this case, we aim to highlight this interesting FDG PET/CT imaging finding, which can serve as a clue allowing one to strongly suggest lymphoma as the leading diagnosis.
Abstract MP074: Pathway Linking Depression &amp; Inflammation: A 5-year Longitudinal Twin Difference Study
Authors: Minxuan Huang, Shaoyong Su, Jack Goldberg, Andrew H Miller, Nancy V Murrah, Lucy Shallenberger, Pratik Pimple, J. Douglas Bremner, Viola Vaccarino
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Depression and inflammation are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Depression and inflammation are associated, but the causal direction remains unclear. Genetic background (i.e., genes common to both conditions) may confound this association. We sought to examine the temporal relationship between depression and inflammation, after controlling for genetic confounding, in a 5-year longitudinal monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin difference study. Methods: This analysis is based on a longitudinal in-person follow-up of a male middle-aged sample of twin pairs from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. Inflammation was measured by log-transformed plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), and depression was evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI). Inflammation and depression were measured at baseline (visit 1) and after 5 years (visit 2). A longitudinal cross-lagged model was run on signed sibling difference scores in IL-6 and BDI (i.e. twin A - twin B). The path coefficient was examined by the robust maximum likelihood test. We also tested the interaction between zygosity and within-pair difference in IL-6 or BDI score. Results: A total of 166 male twins (83 pairs, mean age of 54) were examined at both visits, including 94 MZ and 72 DZ twins. There was a significant association between sibling differences in IL-6 and BDI score across two visits. At visit 1, the cross-sectional association between sibling difference in IL-6 and BDI score was not significant, but it became significant at visit 2 in MZ twins. The primary focus of our analysis was the longitudinal cross-lagged bidirectional association of BDI and IL-6. There was no significant association between baseline within-pair difference in BDI and their difference in IL-6 at follow-up for both MZ and DZ twins. However, for MZ twins there was a positive association between baseline within-pair difference in IL-6 and their difference in BDI at follow-up, which suggests that members of the MZ twin pair who had higher levels of IL-6 than their siblings at baseline had significantly higher BDI scores at follow-up. This association was only significant in MZ twins (r=0.36, p=0.001) and not in DZ twins (r=0.09, p=0.49), with a significant interaction (p=0.03) between zygosity and within-pair difference in IL-6. Conclusion: Higher inflammation is linked to higher depressive symptoms over time and not vice versa, which suggests that inflammation may be a cause of depression, rather than a consequence. This association is stronger in MZ than DZ twins, thus genetic confounding likely does not play a role.
Low Relapse Rate after 2 Years in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) Treated with R-CHOP and Achieved Complete Response
Authors: Junho Kang, Kyoungmin Lee, Jung Yong Hong, Dok Hyun Yoon, Shin Kim, Jung Sun Park, Sang Wook Lee, Chan-Sik Park, Jin-Sook Ryu, Jooryung Huh, Cheolwon Suh
Journal: Blood (2018)
Origins of social fusion
Authors: Philippe Rochat
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2018)

Abstract Do instances of extreme self-sacrifice represent a valid paradigm to capture what makes typical individuals fuse with others? Probably not, because they can be viewed as aberrant phenomena. To understand the origins and mechanisms of human social fusion, one should first look at the development of babies and young children. Typical development represents the best alternative to Whitehouse's extreme model of social fusion.
Gestational Diabetes and Childhood Obesity—Reply
Authors: William L. Lowe, Denise M. Scholtens, Boyd E. Metzger
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Utility of Cricoid Pressure
Authors: Eric Noll, Pierre Diemunsch, Elliott Bennett-Guerrero
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal