tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Benralizumab for <i>PDGFRA</i>-Negative Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
Authors: Fei Li Kuang, Fanny Legrand, Michelle Makiya, JeanAnne Ware, Lauren Wetzler, Thomas Brown, Tamika Magee, Brent Piligian, Pryscilla Yoon, Jamie H. Ellis, Xiaoping Sun, Sandhya R. Panch, Astin Powers, Hawwa Alao, Sheila Kumar, Martha Quezado, Li Yan, Nancy Lee, Roland Kolbeck, Paul Newbold, Mitchell Goldman, Michael P. Fay, Paneez Khoury, Irina Maric, Amy D. Klion
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

Hypereosinophilic syndrome is a group of diseases defined by marked eosinophilia in blood or tissue and eosinophil-related clinical manifestations. Benralizumab is a monoclonal antibody against interleukin-5 receptor α, which is expressed on human eosinophils.
Outcomes of Patients 65 Years or Older After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Based on Location of Cardiac Arrest in Japan
Authors: Satoe Okabayashi, Tasuku Matsuyama, Tetsuhisa Kitamura, Kosuke Kiyohara, Takeyuki Kiguchi, Chika Nishiyama, Daisuke Kobayashi, Tomonari Shimamoto, Junya Sado, Takashi Kawamura, Taku Iwami
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

<h3>Importance</h3> Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major public health issue, and in recent years, the number of OHCAs among the elderly population, aged 65 years or older, has significantly increased in developed countries. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients 65 years or older who experienced OHCA based on the location—public, residential, or nursing home—where it occurred in Japan. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This prospective, nationwide, population-based cohort study used information collected by the All-Japan Utstein Registry to examine data from 293 615 patients 65 years or older who experienced OHCA during the period from January 2013 to December 2015 in Japan. Data analyses were conducted from June to July 2018. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary outcome was 1-month survival with a favorable outcome that was defined as a cerebral performance category score of 1 or 2 (1, good cerebral performance; 2, moderate cerebral disability; 3, severe cerebral disability; 4, coma or vegetative state; and 5, death or brain death). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine favorable outcome by location. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 233 511 patients with OHCA were included in the final analysis; 29 911 (12.8%) occurred in a public location, 157 087 (67.3%) at a residential location, and 46 513 (19.9%) at a nursing home. The median age of the patients was 83.0 years (interquartile range, 76.0-88.0 years), and the proportion of men was 53.1% (124 108 of 233 511). The proportion of favorable neurologic outcomes was 4.5% (1351 of 29 911) in public locations, 1.0% (1555 of 157 087) in residential locations, and 0.6% (301 of 46 513) in nursing homes. Patients with cardiac arrests in public locations had a significantly higher likelihood of achieving a favorable neurologic outcome than those in residential locations (adjusted odds ratio, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.25-1.48), whereas those in nursing homes were less likely to achieve a favorable neurologic outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.54-0.72). However, this difference in outcomes among patients based on location decreased with age. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The outcomes of patients 65 years or older after OHCA differed by the location of the cardiac arrest. These outcomes may be improved by updating existing response measures across all locations.
Abstract 14890: Gender Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease Preventive Services Utilization in a Contemporary Non Elderly Adult Population in the United States
Authors: Shiwani Mahajan, Javier Valero-Elizondo, Anshul Saxena, Amarnath Annapureddy, Rohan Khera, Gowtham Grandhi, Victor Okunrintemi, Erica S Spatz, Rachel Dreyer, Nihar Desai, Harlan M Krumholz, Khurram Nasir
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Optimal utilization of preventive services across gender is critical to counter the growing cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden. It is well known that women with established CVD repor...
Abstract 16430: In-Hospital Outcomes of Patients With End Stage Renal Disease on Dialysis Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Insights From a National Database
Authors: Nirmanmoh Bhatia, Sahil Agrawal, Divyanshu Mohananey, Mohit Pahuja, Lohit Garg, Ronak G Soni, Michael Durkin, Mark Fegley, Jamshid Shirani
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: The outcomes of patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) on dialysis who undergo transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are not well described due to the exclusion of this group in randomized trials. Methods: We analyzed the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database and compared clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcomes for patients with ESRD vs. those without (non-ESRD group) who underwent TAVR in 2011-12 in the United States. Results: The study population included 785 (8.8%) ESRD patients and 8094 (91.2%) non-ESRD patients. ESRD patients were younger (79.7 ± 8.25 vs. 81.3 ± 9.12 years, p <0.001), had higher prevalence of diabetes (38.1% vs. 32.7%, p<0.01), congestive heart failure (3.2% vs. 1.4%, p<0.01), coagulopathy (38.1% vs. 23.5%, p <0.001) and anemia (39% vs. 27%, p<0.001) (Table 1). After adjusting for clinical and demographic features in a multivariable regression model, ESRD patients had a higher frequency of pacemaker implantation (aOR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.14-1.86, p<...
Early introduction of selective immunosuppressive therapy associated with favorable clinical outcomes in patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor–induced colitis
Authors: Hamzah Abu-Sbeih, Faisal S. Ali, Xuemei Wang, Niharika Mallepally, Ellie Chen, Mehmet Altan, Robert S. Bresalier, Aline Charabaty, Ramona Dadu, Amir Jazaeri, Bret Lashner, Yinghong Wang
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2019)

Current treatment guidelines for immune-mediated colitis (IMC) recommend 4 to 6 weeks of steroids as first-line therapy, followed by selective immunosuppressive therapy (SIT) (infliximab or vedolizumab) in patients who do not respond to steroids. We assessed the effect of early SIT introduction and number of SIT infusions on clinical outcomes. We performed a retrospective review of patients with IMC who received SIT at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center between January and December 2018. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations between clinical outcomes and features of IMC. Of the 1459 patients who received immune checkpoint inhibitors, 179 developed IMC of any grade; 84 of these 179 patients received SIT. Of the 84 patients who received SIT, 79% were males, and the mean age was 60 years (standard deviation, 14). Compared with patients who received SIT > 10 days after IMC onset, patients who received early SIT (≤10 days) required fewer hospitalizations (P = 0.03), experienced steroid taper failure less frequently (P = 0.03), had fewer steroid tapering attempts (P < 0.01), had a shorter course of steroid treatment (P = 0.09), and had a shorter duration of symptoms (P < 0.01). Patients who received one or two infusions of SIT achieved histologic remission less frequently (P = 0.09) and had higher fecal calprotectin levels after SIT (P = 0.01) compared with patients who received three or more infusions. Risk factors for IMC recurrence after weaning off steroids included: 1) needing multiple hospitalizations, 2) experiencing steroid taper failure after SIT, 3) receiving infliximab rather than vedolizumab, 4) receiving fewer than three infusions of SIT, 5) having higher fecal calprotectin levels after SIT, and 6) receiving a longer course of steroids, hospitalization and IMC symptoms. Unsuccessful weaning from steroids after SIT was associated with high IMC grades; multiple hospitalizations; steroid-resistant IMC; long interval from IMC to SIT initiation; and long duration of steroids, IMC symptoms, and hospitalization. SIT should be introduced early in the disease course of IMC instead of waiting until failure of steroid therapy or steroid taper. Patients who received three or more infusions of SIT had more favorable clinical outcomes.
Limited health literacy is associated with reduced access to kidney transplantation
Authors: Dominic M. Taylor, J. Andrew Bradley, Clare Bradley, Heather Draper, Christopher Dudley, Damian Fogarty, Simon Fraser, Rachel Johnson, Geraldine M. Leydon, Wendy Metcalfe, Gabriel C. Oniscu, Matthew Robb, Charles Tomson, Christopher J.E. Watson, Rommel Ravanan, Paul Roderick
Journal: Kidney International (2019)
Supplemental Security Income and the Health of Low-Income Adults
Authors: Colette DeJong, Mitchell H. Katz
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2019)

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<i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> species ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by regulating the immune response and altering gut microbiota
Authors: You Jin Jang, Woon-Ki Kim, Dae Hee Han, Kiuk Lee, Gwangpyo Ko
Journal: Gut Microbes (2019)

We evaluated immunometabolic functions of novel Lactobacillus fermentum strains (KBL374 and KBL375) isolated from feces of healthy Koreans. The levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-γ, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-17A, were decreased, and that of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased, in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with the L. fermentum KBL374 or KBL375 strain. When these strains were orally administered to mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, both L. fermentum KBL374 and KBL375 showed beneficial effects on body weight, disease activity index score, colon length, cecal weight, and histological scores. Furthermore, both L. fermentum KBL374 and KBL375 modulated the innate immune response by improving gut barrier function and reducing leukocyte infiltration. Consistent with the PBMC data, both L. fermentum KBL374- and KBL375-treated DSS mice demonstrated decreased Th1-, Th2-, and Th17-related cytokine levels and increased IL-10 in the colon compared with the DSS control mice. Administration of L. fermentum KBL374 or KBL375 to mice increased the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cell population in mesenteric lymph nodes. Additionally, L. fermentum KBL374 or KBL375 administration reshaped and increased the diversity of the gut microbiota. In particular, L. fermentum KBL375 increased the abundance of beneficial microorganisms, such as Lactobacillus spp. and Akkermansia spp. Both L. fermentum KBL374 and KBL375 may alleviate inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, in the gut by regulating immune responses and altering the composition of gut microbiota.
Socioeconomic Gradients and Distribution of Diabetes, Hypertension, and Obesity in India
Authors: Daniel J. Corsi, S. V. Subramanian
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

<h3>Importance</h3> Cardiovascular disease and risk factors represent a major and increasing burden of death and disability in India, although socioeconomic aspects have been debated in recent years. <h3>Objective</h3> To conduct a comprehensive equity analysis of the socioeconomic gradients and distribution of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity in India using the latest national data set. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Cross-sectional study of data originating from the fourth Indian National Family Health Survey collected from January 20, 2015, to December 4, 2016. The study population was based on a nationally representative cross-sectional sample of women aged 15 to 49 years and men aged 15 to 54 years in India, with a response rate of 97% and 92% among eligible women and men, respectively. Biomarker sampling of survey respondents captured height, weight, blood pressure, and random blood glucose levels. Markers of socioeconomic status (SES) were household wealth, education, and social caste. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression models that account for multistage survey design and sampling weights were estimated. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Diabetes, hypertension, and obesity assessed by predetermined thresholds based on biomarker sampling or current medication were the primary outcomes. <h3>Results</h3> The survey covered 757 958 individuals (weighted prevalence of 51.2% female). The overall prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity in the sample was 2.9%, 14.4% and 9.7%, respectively. Positive socioeconomic gradients were observed by household wealth, education, and social caste, and in a majority of states. The magnitude of the SES gradient was strongest for obesity (adjusted odds ratio for highest SES quintile vs lowest, 8.76; 95% CI, 7.70-9.95), followed by diabetes (adjusted odds ratio, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.88-2.85) and hypertension (adjusted odds ratio, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.45-1.72) (<i>P</i> &lt; .001 for all associations). Analyses of the socioeconomic distribution indicated that between 70% and 90% of the population burden of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity was among the higher SES groups, and this figure was similar across states. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Cardiovascular risk factors have an uneven distribution in India. Prevention and treatment strategies should reflect the distribution of the risk factor burden.
A First in Class APRIL Fully Blocking Antibody Targets Novel Immune Regulation of APRIL in Multiple Myeloma: Further Therapeutic Implication
Authors: Liang Lin, Lijie Xing, Chirag M Acharya, Kenneth Wen, Phillip Hsieh, John Dulos, Andrea Van Elsas, Nikhil Munshi, Paul G Richardson, Kenneth C Anderson, Yu-Tzu Tai
Journal: Blood (2017)
Nonfatal Assaults and Homicides Among Adults Aged ≥60 Years — United States, 2002–2016
Authors: J. E. Logan, Tadesse Haileyesus, Allison Ertl, Whitney L. Rostad, Jeffrey H. Herbst
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2019)

Since interpersonal violence was recognized as a public health problem in the 1970s, much attention has focused on preventing violence among young persons and intimate partners (1). Violence directed against older adults (≥60 years) has received less attention, despite the faster growth of this population than that of younger groups (2). Using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) and the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), CDC analyzed rates of nonfatal assaults and homicides against older adults during 2002-2016. Across the 15-year period, the nonfatal assault rate increased 75.4% (from 77.7 to 136.3 per 100,000) among men, and from 2007 to 2016, increased 35.4% (from 43.8 to 59.3) among women. From 2010 to 2016, the homicide rate increased among men by 7.1%, and a 19.3% increase was observed from 2013 to 2016 among men aged 60-69 years. Growth in both the older adult population and the rates of violence against this group, especially among men, suggests an important need for violence prevention strategies (3). Focusing prevention efforts for this population will require improved understanding of magnitude and trends in violence against older adults.
The skin as an immune organ: Tolerance versus effector responses and applications to food allergy and hypersensitivity reactions
Authors: Emma Guttman-Yassky, Lisa Zhou, James G. Krueger
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)

Skin is replete with immunocompetent cells that modulate signaling pathways to maintain a salubrious immunogenic/tolerogenic balance. This fertile immune environment plays a significant role in the development of allergic responses and sensitivities, but the mechanisms underlying these pathways have been underappreciated and underused with respect to developing therapeutics. Among the complex repertoire of cells that promote tolerogenic pathways in the periphery, 2 key classes include dendritic cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Immature dendritic cells are the first line of defense, patrolling the periphery, sampling antigens, and secreting cytokines that suppress immune cells and promote the survival of Treg cells. Skin-homing Treg cells also play a critical role in mitigating the reactivity of immune cells, secreting high levels of cytokines that promote tolerance. Therapeutic approaches that capitalize on our knowledge of the rich cellular and molecular environment are emerging and show great promise. We will discuss the advantages and challenges of 5 such strategies and how these therapies might mitigate the atopic march by facilitating tolerance. We conclude that skin is a multifaceted structure that provides a fertile ground for therapeutic discovery. Accordingly, ongoing work in this domain will no doubt continue to deliver exciting progress for improved health outcomes.
Abstract 235: Sarcolemmal Membrane Associated Protein Isoform 1: a Unique Regulator of Glucose Uptake and Metabolism in the Myocardium
Authors: Aaraf Dewan, Maysoon Salih, Christopher Triggle, Hong Ding, Balwant Tuana
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

As one of the leading causes of heart disease, diabetes is a problem which needs a solution. Regulation of glucose uptake and metabolism within skeletal and cardiac muscle has proven capable of altering systemic glucose levels and impacting metabolism to potentially improve patient outcomes. Unfortunately, to date, very few muscle specific metabolic regulators are known which can allow us to achieve blood glucose uptake and metabolism. Sarcolemmal Membrane Associated Protein Isoform 1 (SLMAP1) is a novel protein expressed predominantly within muscle tissue. It has been linked to diabetes through animal models, although its role in metabolism remains to be defined. Here we describe a novel role for SLMAP1 in glucose metabolism within the myocardium. We engineered a transgenic (TG) mouse with cardiac specific expression of SLMAP1. Using neonatal cardiomyocytes (NCMs) collected from these mice we performed glucose uptake assays with 2-deoxy-glucose (2DG), measured glycolytic rate using an Extracellular Flux XF24e Bioanalyzer, and analyzed glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) trafficking using Western Blots, qPCR, and immunofluorescence imaging. NCMs extracted from TG hearts expressing SLMAP1 displayed increased levels of 2DG uptake (93% ± 25%, n=5, P&lt;0.01), basal glycolysis (glycolysis (92 ± 40%, n=5, P&lt;0.05), and maximal glycolysis (75 ± 31%, n=5, P&lt;0.05) compared with wildtype littermates. Confocal microscopy revealed both increased localization of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) at the cell surface as well as an expansion of GLUT4 early endosomes in TG NCMs. The data here indicates SLMAP1 as a novel regulator of glucose uptake and metabolism in the myocardium. The targeted expression of SLMAP1 in a muscle specific manner may enhance systemic glycemic control and serve to limit cardiovascular disease in metabolic disorders such as diabetes.
Atrophic and hypertrophic photoaging: Clinical, histologic, and molecular features of 2 distinct phenotypes of photoaged skin
Authors: Dana L. Sachs, James Varani, Heather Chubb, Suzanne E.G. Fligiel, Yilei Cui, Ken Calderone, Yolanda Helfrich, Gary J. Fisher, John J. Voorhees
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2019)
A multicenter study of entecavir vs. tenofovir on prognosis of treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B in South Korea
Authors: Seung Up Kim, Yeon Seok Seo, Han Ah Lee, Mi Na Kim, Yu Rim Lee, Hye Won Lee, Jun Yong Park, Do Young Kim, Sang Hoon Ahn, Kwang-Hyub Han, Seong Gyu Hwang, Kyu Sung Rim, Soon Ho Um, Won Young Tak, Young Oh Kweon, Beom Kyung Kim, Soo Young Park
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
Abstract 12121: Association of Exercise Performance During Heart Transplant Evaluation with Freedom from Death or Deterioration in Children
Authors: Irene Lytrivi, Elizabeth Blume, Jonathan Rhodes, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Shay Dillis, Tajinder P Singh
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Maximum oxygen consumption (Peak VO2) <50% predicted is a class I indication for heart transplant (HT) listing in children (American Heart Association guidelines). Data supporting this indication a...
Risk assessment in pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Marc Humbert, Harrison W. Farber, Hossein-Ardeschir Ghofrani, Raymond L. Benza, Dennis Busse, Christian Meier, Marius M. Hoeper
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2019)

Background Current pulmonary hypertension treatment guidelines recommend use of a risk stratification model encompassing a range of parameters, allowing patients to be categorised as low, intermediate or high risk. Three abbreviated versions of this risk stratification model were previously evaluated in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in the French, Swedish and COMPERA registries. Our objective was to investigate the three abbreviated risk stratification methods for patients with mostly prevalent PAH and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), in patients from the PATENT-1/2 and CHEST-1/2 studies of riociguat. Methods Risk was assessed at baseline and at follow-up in PATENT-1 and CHEST-1. Survival and clinical worsening-free survival were assessed in patients in each risk group/strata. Results With all three methods, riociguat improved risk group/strata in patients with PAH after 12 weeks. The French non-invasive and Swedish/COMPERA methods discriminated prognosis for survival and clinical worsening-free survival at both baseline and follow-up. Furthermore, patients achieving one or more low-risk criteria or a low-risk stratum at follow-up had a significantly reduced risk of death and clinical worsening compared with patients achieving no low-risk criteria or an intermediate-risk stratum. Similar results were obtained in patients with inoperable or persistent/recurrent CTEPH. Conclusions This analysis confirms and extends the results of the registry analyses, supporting the value of goal-oriented treatment in PAH. Further assessment of these methods in patients with CTEPH is warranted.