tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Microvesicles and chemokines in tumor microenvironment: mediators of intercellular communications in tumor progression
Authors: Xiaojie Bian, Yu-Tian Xiao, Tianqi Wu, Mengfei Yao, Leilei Du, Shancheng Ren, Jianhua Wang
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2019)

Increasing evidence indicates that the ability of cancer cells to convey biological information to recipient cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial for tumor progression. Microvesicles (MVs) are heterogenous vesicles formed by budding of the cellular membrane, which are secreted in larger amounts by cancer cells than normal cells. Recently, several reports have also disclosed that MVs function as important mediators of intercellular communication between cancerous and stromal cells within the TME, orchestrating complex pathophysiological processes. Chemokines are a family of small inflammatory cytokines that are able to induce chemotaxis in responsive cells. MVs which selective incorporate chemokines as their molecular cargos may play important regulatory roles in oncogenic processes including tumor proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, metastasis, chemoresistance and immunomodulation, et al. Therefore, it is important to explore the association of MVs and chemokines in TME, identify the potential prognostic marker of tumor, and develop more effective treatment strategies. Here we review the relevant literature regarding the role of MVs and chemokines in TME.
Etude randomisée évaluant deux procédures de jeûne (6 versus 2 heures) avant une endoscopie digestive haute chez des patients cirrhotiques (Etude GASTROPREP)
Authors: P Sage, T Thévenot, V Di Martino, C Vanlemmens, L Vuitton, JP Cervoni, C D'engremont, F Fein, G Claudé, I Tchoumak, J Grillot, C Briot, C Biron, O Comiti, G Boivineau, C Emont, A Chupin, D Cazaux, C Prothe, T Deregnaucourt, M Stouvenot, S Koch
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

L'endoscopie digestive haute est l'examen clé du dépistage des lésions précancéreuses et cancéreuses de l'oesophage et de l'estomac. Cette étude a pour but de décrire et comparer la qualité de la visualisation des muqueuses oesophagienne et gastrique, la sécurité d'utilisation de deux procédures de jeûne avant la gastroscopie et le ressenti des malades. La population évaluée ici concerne des patients cirrhotiques, à haut risque de développer une lésion précancéreuse du tube digestif haut.
ANALGESIA WITH ENTONOX FOR COLONOSCOPY IN A COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
Authors: K Dabos, A Koulaouzidis
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Over the last few years Entonox, a mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen, has been offered as an option for analgesia during colonoscopy at our community hospital. We assessed the usefulness of Entonox analgesia by comparing colonoscopy quality parameters in patients who received entonox and those who received alfentanyl with or without an additional sedative.
SHORT AND MID TERM RESULTS OF ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION IN EARLY GASTRIC CANCER: PROSPECTIVE STUDY IN PERU 2012 – 2018
Authors: F Palacios, H Benites, L Marín, P Bardalez, J Vásquez, E Alva, M Dávalos
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a treatment modality for superficial gastric neoplasms that has proven to be useful in multiple oriental studies; however, given its technical difficulty, it is not commonly used in the West. In the present study we evaluate the short and mid term results of ESD in the treatment of early gastric cancer (EGC) in two reference centers in Peru.
A nomogram for predicting the malignant diagnosis of BI-RADS US category 4A lesions in women with dense breast tissue
Authors: Y. Yang, Y. Hu, S. Shen, X. Jiang, H. Wang, R. Gu, F. Liu, H. Jia, C. Gong, Q. Liu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

Background: Biopsy has been the recommended for BI-RADS category 4A, 4B and 4C. However, the malignancy rate of 4A lesions is very low (2-10%). Therefore, the majority of biopsies of category 4A lesions are benign it would take unnecessary costs and make patients anxiety. This study aimed to establish a nomogram, incorporating ultrasound and mammographic as well as patients' information, to predict the individual likelihood of malignancy of BI-RADS US 4A lesions in diagnostic setting of women with dense breast. To identify patients at lower risk of malignancy and thus avoid unnecessary biopsy. Methods: Nomogram was based on an analysis of 418 BI-RADS US 4A patients with dense breast tissues treated at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital. They also got physical examination and mammography. All patients were confirmed pathology by breast biopsy or surgical excision. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify statistically significant variables (P < 0.05), and included in the nomogram. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability were determined by concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve. Model was subjected to external validation using 97 patients from the second affiliated Hospital of Guanghzou medical university. Results: On multivariable analysis, independent risk factors were history of breast cancer, Ultrasound features (Margin, Shape, Direction, Lymph nodes), Calcifications of mammography, which were in nomogram. The calibration curves for probability of malignancy showed optimal agreement between nomogram prediction and actual observation. The C-index of nomogram for predicting malignancy in training cohort was 0.81 (95%CI: 0.73-0.89), validation cohort was 0.77 (95%CI: 0.58-0.95). In addition, it showed good performance in stratifying different risk groups of patients both in training and validation cohorts. Conclusions: We developed a well discriminated and calibrated nomogram that can provide individual prediction of malignancy of BI-RADS US 4A with dense breast based on history of breast cancer, Ultrasound features (Margin, Shape, Direction, Lymph nodes), Calcifications of mammography. Our nomogram may help to identify patients at lower risk of malignancy and avoid unnecessary biopsy. Legal entity responsible for the study: Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University. Funding: Guangdong, Science and Technique Department, 2017B030314026 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81272893). Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
RESULTS OF ENDOSCOPIC MANAGEMENT OF SIGMOID VOLVULUS
Authors: M Sabbah, H Jlassi, D Trad, A Ouakaa, N Bibani, H Elloumi, D Gargouri
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Sigmoid volvulus (SV) is represented by the wrapping of the sigmoid colon around itself and its mesentery, causing an intestinal obstruction and ischemic changes.
Decrease in Poor Responders on Switching From Clopidogrel to Prasugrel: Results From the SWitching Anti Platelet (SWAP) Study
Authors: Jorge F. Saucedo, Dominick J. Angiolillo, Roger DeRaad, Andrew L. Frelinger, Paul A. Gurbel, Timothy M. Costigan, Joseph A. Jakubowski, Clement K. Ojeh, Mark B. Effron
Journal: Circulation (2009)
EFFECTIVENESS OF IRREVERSIBLE ELETROPORATION USING NEWLY DEVELOPED ENDOSCOPIC ABLATIVE CATHETERS IN GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: AN IN VIVO ANIMAL STUDY
Authors: HJ Jeon, ES Kim, SH Jang, SH Kim, JH Kim, SJ Choi, SH Kim, JM Lee, HS Choi, YT Jeen, B Keum, HS Lee, HJ Chun, CD Kim
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) is an ablation technique that induces apoptosis by applying an electric field. IRE has several advantages over other ablation techniques. For this reason, the IRE has already been used as an adjunctive treatment in many areas of tumor therapy and has confirmed its possibility. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of applying IRE therapy to gastrointestinal tract using newly designed endoscopic ablative catheters.
A lipid-encapsulated mRNA encoding a potently neutralizing human monoclonal antibody protects against chikungunya infection
Authors: Nurgun Kose, Julie M. Fox, Gopal Sapparapu, Robin Bombardi, Rashika N. Tennekoon, A. Dharshan de Silva, Sayda M. Elbashir, Matthew A. Theisen, Elisabeth Humphris-Narayanan, Giuseppe Ciaramella, Sunny Himansu, Michael S. Diamond, James E. Crowe
Journal: Science Immunology (2019)

Infection with chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes an acute illness characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia. However, CHIKV infection can sometimes progress to chronic arthritis or even lethal disease. CHIKV continues to cause substantial morbidity worldwide as its vector mosquitoes expand and spread. There are currently no approved vaccines or antiviral drugs available for the prevention or treatment of CHIKV. Although antibody therapy has shown promise in the prevention or treatment of CHIKV disease in preclinical models, challenges remain for implementing such therapies. Here, from the B cells of a survivor of natural CHIKV infection, we isolated ultrapotent neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and encoded their sequences into mRNA molecules delivered by infusion. One human mAb, CHKV-24, was expressed to biologically significant levels in vivo after infusion of mRNAs in lipid nanoparticles in mice. We evaluated the protective capacity of CHKV-24 mAb immunoglobulin G protein or mRNA in mouse models of CHIKV infection. Treatment with CHKV-24 mRNA protected mice from arthritis, musculoskeletal tissue infection, and lethality and reduced viremia to undetectable levels at 2 days after inoculation. Infusion of macaques with CHKV-24 mRNA achieved a mean maximal mAb concentration of 10.1 to 35.9 micrograms per milliliter, with a half-life of 23 days, a level well above what is needed for protection in mice. Studies with CHKV-24 mRNA in macaques demonstrated a dose-response effect after the first dose of mRNA and maintained levels after second dose. These preclinical data with CHKV-24 mRNA suggest that it might be useful to prevent human disease.
THE IMPACT OF ADDITIONAL ORAL PREPARATION ON THE QUALITY OF BOWEL PREPARATION FOR COLONOSCOPY
Authors: YJ Lee, SY Lee, KB Cho, ES Kim, KS Park, KO Kim, HS Lee
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

The data on the salvage option for patients whose bowel preparation is predicted to be inadequate are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of additional oral preparation at the same day of colonoscopy on the quality of bowel preparation in patients showing opaque yellow with particles or brown effluent.
After breast cancer: A nurse practitioner led model of care for women on adjuvant endocrine treatment
Authors: T. Shenkier, C. Lohrisch, C. Simmons, A. Dotts, H. McTaggart-Cowan, E. Houlihan, C. Johnston, D. Le, K. Gelmon, S. Chia
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

Background: In British Columbia (BC), women taking adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) for early breast cancer are followed by their oncologist for a variable length of time before discharge to their family physician (FP). Many women have physical and psychological needs beyond the scope of their FPs or the capacity of their oncologists to follow longitudinally. In addition, non-adherence to AET occur in over 40% of patients and is associated with increased mortality (Hershman, D Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011). We postulated that establishment of a dedicated service to assess and address symptoms and signs experienced while taking AET could improve quality of life (QOL) and potentially improve adherence. Methods: With funding from the BC Cancer Foundation and in collaboration with the BC Women's Hospital (BCWH), we established a transitional clinical service led by a Nurse Practitioner. Women taking AET are identified by their Medical Oncologists and referred to the ABCS, located at BCWH. All patients have baseline demographic and QOL assessment (FACT-B+4 and PROMIS sexual function and satisfaction V.2), to be repeated at 12 and 24 months. Adherence will be assessed and compared to BC Cancer historical controls using the provincial pharmacy database. The intent is to transition all patients back to their FPs. Results: The clinic opened April 2018. As of Jan 10th 2019: 237 patients were referred, 121 were seen (with the remainder scheduled through June) and 120 completed baseline assessments. Prevalent issues include upper body (shoulder, neck, breast) pain, fatigue, joint pain, insomnia, anxiety, depression, genitourinary and sexual concerns. Women have been referred to self-care (online) and multidisciplinary supportive care resources including dietician, exercise specialist, physiotherapist, counsellor, rheumatologist, sleep clinic, sexual health specialist and gynecologist. Informal feedback suggests high patient satisfaction with the service. Two patients have been discharged so far. Conclusions: The ABCS was established to specifically address the needs of women on AET. Multiple baseline issues are being recognized and managed. It is too early to assess the objective impact of this service on adherence and QOL. This is planned with longer follow up. Legal entity responsible for the study: BC Cancer and BC Women's Hospital and Health Centre. Funding: BC Cancer Foundation and BC Women's Hospital and Health Centre. Disclosure: T. Shenkier, C. Lohrisch: Advisory board: NanoString, Genomic Health. K. Gelmon: Research funds: AstraZeneca, BMS, Pfizer, Roche; Honorarium personal fund: AstraZeneca, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer Genomic health, BMS, NanoString, Merck. S. Chia: Advisory boards: Novartis, Pfizer, Hoffman LaRoche. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
L'apport des scores pronostiques dans l'hémorragie digestive haute
Authors: FZ Elrhaoussi, S Elmansouri, M Tahiri Joutei Hassani, F Haddad, W Hliwa, A Bellabah, W Badre
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

L'hémorragie digestive haute (HDH) est un motif fréquent d'hospitalisation. Il s'agit d'une urgence potentiellement grave responsable d'une morbi-mortalité élevée. Les Scores pronostiques de Rockall et de Glasgow-Blatchford ont été élaborés afin d'évaluer la gravité et le risque de récidive et de mortalité. Le but de ce travail est d'évaluer l'intérêt pronostique de ces deux scores dans la prédiction du risque de récidive hémorragique et de mortalité dans notre contexte.
Advancing Drug Development in Gynecologic Malignancies
Authors: Julia A. Beaver, Robert L. Coleman, Rebecca C. Arend, Deborah K. Armstrong, Sanjeeve Bala, Gordon B. Mills, Anil K. Sood, Thomas J. Herzog
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2019)

Gynecologic malignancies continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States despite recent advances in oncologic therapies. To realize the promise of immunotherapy and biomarker-driven approaches to improve clinical outcomes for patients, better communication among stakeholders in the drug development and approval pathways is needed. To this end, the FDA-AACR-SGO Drug Development in Gynecologic Malignancies Workshop brought together clinicians, patient advocates, researchers, industry representatives, and regulators in June 2018, to review the state of the science in gynecologic cancers and explore how scientific advances impact approval processes. Topics of discussion and key takeaways are summarized in this
Evaluation of the Impact of Minimal Residual Disease, FLT3 Allelic Ratio, and FLT3 Mutation Status on Overall Survival in FLT3 Mutation-Positive Patients with Relapsed/Refractory (R/R) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in the Chrysalis Phase 1/2 Study
Authors: Mark J. Levis, Alexander E. Perl, Jessica K. Altman, Jorge E. Cortes, Catherine C. Smith, Maria R. Baer, David F. Claxton, Joseph G. Jurcic, Ellen K Ritchie, Stephen A Strickland, Raoul Tibes, Jason Hill, Shufang Liu, Erkut Bahceci
Journal: Blood (2017)
miRNA expression profiles in BRCA1-associated breast cancers reveal upregulation of specific miRNAs in tumors lacking a clear second hit in a large proportion of the tumour
Authors: M. Van Heetvelde, M.R. Van Bockstal, J. Van Dorpe, K. De Leeneer, A. Vral, K. Claes
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

A significant percentage of BRCA1-associated breast cancers do not display a clear second hit (loss of heterozygosity, methylation, inactivating mutation) in a large part of the tumor cells. In patients with germline defects in BRCA1, microRNAs could potentially inhibit the remaining functional allele, thereby contributing to oncogenesis in a way similar to more conventional second hits. We hypothesize that overexpression of oncogenic microRNAs may play a role in downregulating the expression of the retained wild type BRCA1 allele, at least on a subclonal level. Genome-wide microRNA expression profiling investigated the expression microRNAs in 51 BRCA1-associated breast cancers for which BRCA1 was thoroughly investigated at the (epi-)genetic level. We evaluated the association with molecular subtype and histopathological features, and with the presence of a residual functional BRCA1 allele using differential expression analysis. BRCA1 protein expression in these tumors was studied using immunohistochemistry. We identified fourteen microRNAs upregulated in tumors retaining the BRCA1 wild type allele in > 50% of tumor cells. Differential expression analysis based on histopathological features of breast tumors was highly similar to publically available data from two prior independent studies. Intratumoral heterogeneity for BRCA1 protein expression was seen in several tumors, but did not always correlate to the observed amount of retained BRCA1 wild type allele. Our study revealed candidate microRNAs that are potentially active in BRCA1-associated breast tumorigenesis. miRNAs upregulated in tumors with a retained functional BRCA1 allele, lacking BRCA1 protein expression might be involved in BRCA1 regulation. This regulation can occur in a direct or indirect manner and should be further functionally validated. microRNAs involved in BRCA1 regulation have the potential to sensitize tumors to PARP inhibitor or platinum-based therapies.
Risque de pancréatite aiguë post-CPRE après traitement des sténoses biliaires par prothèses métalliques auto-expansibles entièrement couvertes
Authors: R Delcenserie, E Alqattan, S Hakim, H Thiebault, F Brazier, T Yzet, C Yzet, JP Le Mouel
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

L'augmentation du risque de pancréatite post-CPRE après la pose de prothèse biliaire métallique auto-expansibles entièrement couverte (FCSEMS) reste débattue. L'objectif de cette étude était de comparer les taux de pancréatites post-CPRE chez les patients traités pour une sténose biliaire par FCSEMS et par prothèses plastiques (PP).
Differential blood pressure response to continuous positive airway pressure treatment according to the circadian pattern in hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Esther Sapiña-Beltrán, Gerard Torres, Iván Benítez, Fernando Santamaría-Martos, Joaquín Durán-Cantolla, Carlos Egea, Manuel Sánchez-de-la-Torre, Ferrán Barbé, Mireia Dalmases
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2019)

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has a heterogeneous effect on blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients. However, the effect of CPAP on BP in hypertensive subjects regarding circadian BP pattern has never been explored. This study aimed to assess the effect of CPAP on BP, taking into consideration the circadian BP pattern in untreated hypertensive patients. This study is a post hoc analysis of the Spanish Cohort for the Study of the Effect of CPAP in Hypertension (CEPECTA), a multicentre, randomised trial of CPAP versus sham-CPAP in patients with new-onset systemic hypertension and an apnoea–hypopnoea index &gt;15 events·h −1 . We included patients for whom 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) data were available at baseline and 12 weeks after the intervention. Subjects were classified based on the dipping ratio (dipper/non-dipper). We evaluated the effect of CPAP on ABPM parameters after 12 weeks of treatment. Overall, 272 hypertensive subjects were included in the analysis (113 dippers and 159 non-dippers). Baseline clinical and polysomnographic variables were similar between the groups. CPAP treatment in non-dipper patients was associated with reductions in 24-h ambulatory BP variables and night-time ambulatory BP measurements. However, a nonsignificant effect was reported in the dipper group. The differential effects of CPAP between the groups were −2.99 mmHg (95% CI −5.92­– −0.06 mmHg) for the mean 24-h ambulatory BP and −5.35 mmHg (95% CI −9.01– −1.69 mmHg) for the mean night-time ambulatory BP. Our results show a differential effect of CPAP treatment on BP in hypertensive patients depending on the circadian pattern. Only non-dipper patients benefited from CPAP treatment in terms of BP reduction.
PERCUTANEOUS ENDOSCOPIC ASSISTED HEPATIC ABSCESS DRAINAGE
Authors: A Katzarov, I Popadiin, K Sapundzhiev, Z Dunkov, K Katzarov
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Duodeno-pancreatic resection is the preferred operative approach in malignant mass lesions of the pancreatic head. One serious long-term complication of the procedure is benign or malignant stenosis of the biliodigestive anastomosis and associated cholangitis.
Enhanced anti-tumor efficacy and safety with metronomic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for metastatic ovarian cancer using biodegradable nanotextile implants
Authors: Smrithi Padmakumar, Neha N. Parayath, Shantikumar V. Nair, Deepthy Menon, Mansoor M. Amiji
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2019)
Role of short-course radiotherapy in post-operative carcinoma of the breast
Authors: M.K. Behera, K. Mittal, S. Dutta, F.A. Ansari
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

Background: Accelerated hypofractionated or conventional RT post BCS reoprted similar recurrence rates and cosmetic outcomes. Conventional RT delivers radiation dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions in 5 weeks. Radiobiologic models suggests higher radiation doses over shorter period of time may produce similar outcomes. An accelerated, hypofractionated treatment also might be more convenient for patients and conserve resources, in developing countries where patient load is too much and the resources are limited. Methods: 100 patients were randomized to receive hypofractionated radiation with 40 Gy/15#/3 weeks and the control group receiving 50 Gy/25 #/5 weeks. Post radiation therapy all the patients were followed up regularly on monthly interval. Follow up assessment for quality of life made by EORTC questionnaire. All the patients in both study and control groups were assessed regularly and records maintained at weekly intervals with special attention to toxicity, physical examination, QOL scores and subjective evaluation were documented. Results: The patients in the study group as well as the control group were well matched in terms of age distribution (p value - 0.235).The difference in between both the arms regarding severity and incidence of dermatological toxicities was statistically insignificant (p value - 0.260) at the end of treatment. Radiation induced esophagitis was the main GI toxicity which increased towards the end of the treatment but statistically it was not significant in both the groups (p value - 0.356). Equal number of patients from study and control group showed grade I pulmonary toxicity after the follow up period of 6 months. The difference in both the group was statistically insignificant (p value -1.0). Conclusions: The hypofractionated radiotherapy in post operative breast cancer patients is more relevant in the present context in our country where the case load is more and availability of the equipment is a major issue. So treating patients with hypofractionated RT will reduce the burden on the machine and will also reduce the number of the visits of the patient to the hospital. This short course RT has improved the compliance very much. Legal entity responsible for the study: The authors. Funding: Has not received any funding. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Liver Stiffness Severity is Associated With Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Neeraj Mangla, Veeral H. Ajmera, Cyrielle Caussy, Claude Sirlin, Sharon Brouha, Sonia Bajwa-Dulai, Egburt Madamba, Ricki Bettencourt, Lisa Richards, Rohit Loomba
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2019)