tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Addressing Disparities in Lung Cancer Screening Eligibility and Healthcare Access. An Official American Thoracic Society Statement
Authors: M. Patricia Rivera, Hormuzd A. Katki, Nichole T. Tanner, Matthew Triplette, Lori C. Sakoda, Renda Soylemez Wiener, Roberto Cardarelli, Lisa Carter-Harris, Kristina Crothers, Joelle T. Fathi, Marvella E. Ford, Robert Smith, Robert A. Winn, Juan P. Wisnivesky, Louise M. Henderson, Melinda C. Aldrich
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)

Background: There are well-documented disparities in lung cancer outcomes across populations. Lung cancer screening (LCS) has the potential to reduce lung cancer mortality, but for this benefit to be realized by all high-risk groups, there must be careful attention to ensuring equitable access to this lifesaving preventive health measure.Objectives: To outline current knowledge on disparities in eligibility criteria for, access to, and implementation of LCS, and to develop an official American Thoracic Society statement to propose strategies to optimize current screening guidelines and resource allocation for equitable LCS implementation and dissemination.Methods: A multidisciplinary panel with expertise in LCS, implementation science, primary care, pulmonology, health behavior, smoking cessation, epidemiology, and disparities research was convened. Participants reviewed available literature on historical disparities in cancer screening and emerging evidence of disparities in LCS.Results: Existing LCS guidelines do not consider racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, and sex-based differences in smoking behaviors or lung cancer risk. Multiple barriers, including access to screening and cost, further contribute to the inequities in implementation and dissemination of LCS.Conclusions: This statement identifies the impact of LCS eligibility criteria on vulnerable populations who are at increased risk of lung cancer but do not meet eligibility criteria for screening, as well as multiple barriers that contribute to disparities in LCS implementation. Strategies to improve the selection and dissemination of LCS in vulnerable groups are described.
Increased ocular levels of insulin-like growth factor-I lead to diabetic eye disease
Authors: J. Ruberte, E. Ayuso, M. Navarro, A. Carretero, V. Nacher, V. Haurigot, M. George, C. Llombart, A. Casellas, C. Costa, A. Bosch, F. Bosch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)
Assessment of Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease Using Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Pixelwise Quantitative Perfusion Mapping
Authors: Tushar Kotecha, Liza Chacko, Omar Chehab, Nanci O’Reilly, Ana Martinez-Naharro, Jonathan Lazari, Kristopher D. Knott, James Brown, Daniel Knight, Vivek Muthurangu, Philip Hawkins, Sven Plein, James C. Moon, Hui Xue, Peter Kellman, Roby Rakhit, Niket Patel, Marianna Fontana
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2020)
Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Dynamic Cell Populations and Differential Gene Expression Patterns in Control and Aneurysmal Human Aortic Tissue
Authors: Yanming Li, Pingping Ren, Ashley Dawson, Hernan G. Vasquez, Waleed Ageedi, Chen Zhang, Wei Luo, Rui Chen, Yumei Li, Sangbae Kim, Hong S. Lu, Lisa A. Cassis, Joseph S. Coselli, Alan Daugherty, Ying H. Shen, Scott A. LeMaire
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (ATAA) is caused by the progressive weakening and dilatation of the aortic wall and can lead to aortic dissection, rupture, and other life-threatening complications. To improve our understanding of ATAA pathogenesis, we aimed to comprehensively characterize the cellular composition of the ascending aortic wall and to identify molecular alterations in each cell population of human ATAA tissues. Methods: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of ascending aortic tissues from 11 study participants, including 8 patients with ATAA (4 women and 4 men) and 3 control subjects (2 women and 1 man). Cells extracted from aortic tissue were analyzed and categorized with single-cell RNA sequencing data to perform cluster identification. ATAA-related changes were then examined by comparing the proportions of each cell type and the gene expression profiles between ATAA and control tissues. We also examined which genes may be critical for ATAA by performing the integrative analysis of our single-cell RNA sequencing data with publicly available data from genome-wide association studies. Results: We identified 11 major cell types in human ascending aortic tissue; the high-resolution reclustering of these cells further divided them into 40 subtypes. Multiple subtypes were observed for smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and T lymphocytes, suggesting that these cells have multiple functional populations in the aortic wall. In general, ATAA tissues had fewer nonimmune cells and more immune cells, especially T lymphocytes, than control tissues did. Differential gene expression data suggested the presence of extensive mitochondrial dysfunction in ATAA tissues. In addition, integrative analysis of our single-cell RNA sequencing data with public genome-wide association study data and promoter capture Hi-C data suggested that the erythroblast transformation-specific related gene( ERG ) exerts an important role in maintaining normal aortic wall function. Conclusions: Our study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the cellular composition of the ascending aortic wall and reveals how the gene expression landscape is altered in human ATAA tissue. The information from this study makes important contributions to our understanding of ATAA formation and progression.
Evaluation of Trends and Prognosis Over Time in Patients with AML Relapsing After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Reveals Improved Survival for Young Patients in Recent Years
Authors: Ali Bazarbachi, Christoph Schmid, Myriam Labopin, Dietrich Beelen, Igor Wolfgang Blau, Victoria Potter, Riitta Niittyvuopio, Gerard Socié, Didier Blaise, Jaime Sanz, Fabio Ciceri, Iman Abou Dalle, Alexandros Spyridonidis, Gesine Bug, Jordi Esteve, Bipin N. Savani, Arnon Nagler, Mohamad Mohty
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) post allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) has a dismal prognosis.To assess prognosis of patients with recurrent AML post allo-HCT over time, we analyzed European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation registry data of 8,162 adult patients with AML who relapsed between 2000 and 2018 after allo-HCT performed in first complete remission from matched sibling, unrelated, or haploidentical donors.The 2-year overall survival (OS) rate from relapse was 17%. For 3,630 patients, <50 years of age, the 2-year OS continuously increased from 16% between 2000 and 2004 to 18% for 2005-2009, to 21% for 2010-2014, and to 26% for 2015-2018 (P = 0.001). Improvement over time was noted both after relapse within and beyond 6 months from allo-HCT. On multivariate analysis among patients <50 years of age, OS was positively affected by a later year of relapse (baseline: 2000-2004; HR, 0.82; P < 0.02 for 2010-2014 and HR, 0.72; P = 0.0002 for 2015-2018), good performance status, favorable cytogenetics, and longer time from transplant to relapse, but negatively affected by increasing age. In contrast, among 4,532 patients, >50 years of age, the year of relapse had no influence on OS (16% for 2000-2004 and 14% for 2015-2018; P = 0.56). Regarding treatment, encouraging results were observed after second allo-HCT, which was performed within 2 years after relapse in 17% of the entire cohort, resulting in a 2-year OS of 30.7%.Outcome after posttransplant relapse among younger patients has improved significantly in recent years, likely reflecting, among other factors, the efficacy of posttransplant salvage including second allo-HCT.
HPV Vaccination and the Risk of Invasive Cervical Cancer
Authors: Jiayao Lei, Alexander Ploner, K. Miriam Elfström, Jiangrong Wang, Adam Roth, Fang Fang, Karin Sundström, Joakim Dillner, Pär Sparén
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

The efficacy and effectiveness of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in preventing high-grade cervical lesions have been shown. However, data to inform the relationship between quadrivalent HPV vaccination and the subsequent risk of invasive cervical cancer are lacking.We used nationwide Swedish demographic and health registers to follow an open population of 1,672,983 girls and women who were 10 to 30 years of age from 2006 through 2017. We assessed the association between HPV vaccination and the risk of invasive cervical cancer, controlling for age at follow-up, calendar year, county of residence, and parental characteristics, including education, household income, mother's country of birth, and maternal disease history.During the study period, we evaluated girls and women for cervical cancer until their 31st birthday. Cervical cancer was diagnosed in 19 women who had received the quadrivalent HPV vaccine and in 538 women who had not received the vaccine. The cumulative incidence of cervical cancer was 47 cases per 100,000 persons among women who had been vaccinated and 94 cases per 100,000 persons among those who had not been vaccinated. After adjustment for age at follow-up, the incidence rate ratio for the comparison of the vaccinated population with the unvaccinated population was 0.51 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32 to 0.82). After additional adjustment for other covariates, the incidence rate ratio was 0.37 (95% CI, 0.21 to 0.57). After adjustment for all covariates, the incidence rate ratio was 0.12 (95% CI, 0.00 to 0.34) among women who had been vaccinated before the age of 17 years and 0.47 (95% CI, 0.27 to 0.75) among women who had been vaccinated at the age of 17 to 30 years.Among Swedish girls and women 10 to 30 years old, quadrivalent HPV vaccination was associated with a substantially reduced risk of invasive cervical cancer at the population level. (Funded by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research and others.).
Abstract B05: Sox10 differentially regulates receptor tyrosine kinase expression in melanomas
Authors: Claudia Capparelli, Timothy Purwin, Andrew Aplin
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Targeting the ErbB3-ErbB2 pathway increases the efficacy of MEK inhibitors in melanoma. Given the inter- and intratumor heterogeneity of melanoma, identifying biomarkers for cells within tumors that will respond effectively to MEK inhibitor-anti-ErbB3 cotargeting is crucial. To this end, we sought to identify transcriptional regulators of ErbB3. Several transcription factors (TFs) are predicted to bind to the promoter region of ErbB3. Using correlation analysis, SOX10 was positively correlated with ErbB3 expression in the RNA-seq data from TCGA cutaneous melanoma dataset. By contrast, an inverse correlation existed between SOX10 and other receptor tyrosine kinases, EGFR and PDGFR, which have been associated with a slow-growing phenotype and resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors. siRNA and CRISPR knockdown/out experiments confirmed that SOX10 positively regulates ErbB3 but negatively regulates PDGFR, suggesting plasticity between SOX10-positive and SOX10-negative populations with regard to RTK expression. Overall, this study suggests that SOX10 is a potential biomarker of responsiveness to MEK inhibitor plus ErbB3 targeting antibody in melanoma. Citation Format: Claudia Capparelli, Timothy Purwin, Andrew Aplin. Sox10 differentially regulates receptor tyrosine kinase expression in melanomas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Melanoma: From Biology to Target; 2019 Jan 15-18; Houston, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B05.
Targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: A new strategy for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis
Authors: Qirong Lu, Pu Guo, Jingchao Guo, Irma Ares, Bernardo Lopez-Torres, María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga, Xu Wang, Arturo Anadón, María-Aránzazu Martínez
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2020)
Trends in Escherichia coli bloodstream infection, urinary tract infections and antibiotic susceptibilities in Oxfordshire, 1998-2016: an observational electronic health records study
Authors: K Vihta, N Stoesser, M J Llewelyn, T P Quan, T Davies, N J Fawcett, L Dunn, K Jeffrey, C C Butler, G Hayward, M Andersson, M Morgan, S Oakley, A Mason, S Hopkins, D H Wyllie, D W Crook, M H Wilcox, A P Johnson, Peto Tea., A S Walker
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2018)
Relationship between gut environment, feces-to-food ratio, and androgen deficiency-induced metabolic disorders
Authors: Naoki Harada, Yukari Minami, Kazuki Hanada, Ryo Hanaoka, Yasuyuki Kobayashi, Takeshi Izawa, Takashi Sato, Shigeaki Kato, Hiroshi Inui, Ryoichi Yamaji
Journal: Gut Microbes (2020)

Androgen action generates sex-related differences that include changes in the gut microbiota composition. Hypoandrogenism and hyperandrogenism in males and females, respectively, are associated with the prevalence of metabolic disorders. Our recent work showed that male androgen receptor knockout (ARKO) mice developed high-fat diet (HFD)-dependent sarcopenic abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, and hepatic steatosis, leading to early death. The ARKO mice also exhibited alterations in intestinal microbiota but did not experience metabolic abnormalities when administered with antibiotics. Here, we show that time-dependent changes in feed efficiency (ratio of body weight gain to food intake) and weight of dried feces-to-food ratio could be good markers for changes in gut microbiota. Turicibacter spp., Lactobacillus spp., and L. reuteri increased in the gut in both HFD-fed ARKO and castrated mice having metabolic abnormalities. HFD-fed ARKO mice showed increased plasma levels of aspartate, but not alanine, aminotransferase. Changes in the gut microbiome appear to provoke androgen deficiency-induced metabolic diseases, leading to early mortality.
Preventing and Responding to COVID-19 on College Campuses
Authors: Henry T. Walke, Margaret A. Honein, Robert R. Redfield
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Preventing and Responding to COVID-19 on College CampusesThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to present public health and societal challenges worldwide.Concerted public health efforts in the US at the local, state, territorial, national, and tribal levels remain paramount to protecting the population, particularly those at greatest risk for severe illness and death.Throughout the summer months, younger people accounted increasingly for confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in all US regions, with highest incidence among young adults aged 20 through 29 years during June to August, and with young adults (20-39 years) contributing to the large regional increases in the southern US during June 2020. 1t the beginning of the fall of 2020, the opening of colleges and universities poses new challenges and accompanying risks for transmission on campuses and in their surrounding communities.Although the risk of severe health outcomes from COVID-19 in young adults without underlying health conditions is relatively low, faculty, university staff, and close contacts of college
Rafting Down the Metastatic Cascade: The Role of Lipid Rafts in Cancer Metastasis, Cell Death, and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Joshua D. Greenlee, Tejas Subramanian, Kevin Liu, Michael R. King
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Lipid rafts are tightly packed, cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched microdomains within the plasma membrane that play important roles in many pathophysiologic processes. Rafts have been strongly implicated as master regulators of signal transduction in cancer, where raft compartmentalization can promote transmembrane receptor oligomerization, shield proteins from enzymatic degradation, and act as scaffolds to enhance intracellular signaling cascades. Cancer cells have been found to exploit these mechanisms to initiate oncogenic signaling and promote tumor progression. This review highlights the roles of lipid rafts within the metastatic cascade, specifically within tumor angiogenesis, cell adhesion, migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and transendothelial migration. In addition, the interplay between lipid rafts and different modes of cancer cell death, including necrosis, apoptosis, and anoikis, will be described. The clinical role of lipid raft-specific proteins, caveolin and flotillin, in assessing patient prognosis and evaluating metastatic potential of various cancers will be presented. Collectively, elucidation of the complex roles of lipid rafts and raft components within the metastatic cascade may be instrumental for therapeutic discovery to curb prometastatic processes.
Assessment of Accelerometer-Based Physical Activity During the 2017-2018 California Wildfire Seasons
Authors: David G. Rosenthal, Eric Vittinghoff, Geoffrey H. Tison, Mark J. Pletcher, Jeffrey E. Olgin, Donald J. Grandis, Gregory M. Marcus
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

This cohort study investigates the accelerometer-based physical activity in Californians residing within 10 miles of a monitoring station that registered at least 1 day with an air quality index score greater than 200 during the 2017 to 2018 wildfire seasons.
Age and environment-related differences in gait in healthy adults using wearables
Authors: Matthew D. Czech, Dimitrios Psaltos, Hao Zhang, Tomasz Adamusiak, Monica Calicchio, Amey Kelekar, Andrew Messere, Koene R. A. Van Dijk, Vesper Ramos, Charmaine Demanuele, Xuemei Cai, Mar Santamaria, Shyamal Patel, F. Isik Karahanoglu
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2020)

Technological advances in multimodal wearable and connected devices have enabled the measurement of human movement and physiology in naturalistic settings. The ability to collect continuous activity monitoring data with digital devices in real-world environments has opened unprecedented opportunity to establish clinical digital phenotypes across diseases. Many traditional assessments of physical function utilized in clinical trials are limited because they are episodic, therefore, cannot capture the day-to-day temporal fluctuations and longitudinal changes in activity that individuals experience. In order to understand the sensitivity of gait speed as a potential endpoint for clinical trials, we investigated the use of digital devices during traditional clinical assessments and in real-world environments in a group of healthy younger (n = 33, 18-40 years) and older (n = 32, 65-85 years) adults. We observed good agreement between gait speed estimated using a lumbar-mounted accelerometer and gold standard system during the performance of traditional gait assessment task in-lab, and saw discrepancies between in-lab and at-home gait speed. We found that gait speed estimated in-lab, with or without digital devices, failed to differentiate between the age groups, whereas gait speed derived during at-home monitoring was able to distinguish the age groups. Furthermore, we found that only three days of at-home monitoring was sufficient to reliably estimate gait speed in our population, and still capture age-related group differences. Our results suggest that gait speed derived from activities during daily life using data from wearable devices may have the potential to transform clinical trials by non-invasively and unobtrusively providing a more objective and naturalistic measure of functional ability.
Covid-19: Isolating older people would be “age based apartheid,” says NHS boss
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Citrobacter koseri, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Edwardsiella tarda, Yersinia enterocolitica, Alkalescens dispar, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio alginolyticus were seven interesting microorganisms isolated recently in our diagnostic laboratory.
Breath volatile organic compounds and inflammatory markers in adult asthma patients: negative results from the ALLIANCE cohort
Authors: Olaf Holz, Benjamin Waschki, Henrik Watz, Anne Kirsten, Mustafa Abdo, Frauke Pedersen, Markus Weckmann, Oliver Fuchs, Anna-Maria Dittrich, Gesine Hansen, Matthias V. Kopp, Erika von Mutius, Klaus F. Rabe, Jens M. Hohlfeld, Thomas Bahmer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

"Breathomics" in asthma is a rapidly growing area of significant scientific interest, as indicated by a recently published review, two research articles, and their accompanying editorials in high impact pneumology journals [1–5]. The repeatedly observed associations between breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and sputum or blood inflammatory cells [2, 3] suggest that breathomics are on the brink of introduction as a valuable clinically tool. However, there are also major concerns about unresolved methodological issues and a general paucity of high-quality data [1, 6]. In this letter we detail our concerns with breathomics based on data from a cohort of adult asthma patients with a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes. Despite recent publications, we are not close to finding a clinically valuable breath VOC biomarker for asthma or asthma phenotypes <https://bit.ly/3heTgtK>
Campaign to improve communication aims to tackle disparities in maternity care
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (RCOG) and the campaigning group Five X More have developed guidance to help improve communication between healthcare professionals and pregnant women to try to drive down maternal health disparities in the UK.

The five actions include listening to women’s concerns, anxieties, and responses to pain and removing barriers to communication by using lay terms and translation services when needed.1 The campaign also recommends providing clear information …