tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genetic and genomic alterations differentially dictate low-grade glioma growth through cancer stem cell–specific chemokine recruitment of T cells and microglia
Authors: Xiaofan Guo, Yuan Pan, David H Gutmann
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

One of the clinical hallmarks of low-grade gliomas (LGGs) arising in children with the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) cancer predisposition syndrome is significant clinical variability with respect to tumor growth, associated neurologic deficits, and response to therapy. Numerous factors could contribute to this clinical heterogeneity, including the tumor cell of origin, the specific germline NF1 gene mutation, and the coexistence of additional genomic alterations. Since human specimens are rarely acquired, and have proven difficult to maintain in vitro or as xenografts in vivo, we have developed a series of Nf1 mutant optic glioma mouse strains representing each of these contributing factors.Optic glioma stem cells (o-GSCs) were generated from this collection of Nf1 genetically engineered mice, and analyzed for their intrinsic growth properties, as well as the production of chemokines that could differentially attract T cells and microglia.The observed differences in Nf1 optic glioma growth are not the result of cell autonomous growth properties of o-GSCs, but rather the unique patterns of o-GSC chemokine expression, which differentially attract T cells and microglia. This immune profile collectively dictates the levels of chemokine C-C ligand 5 (Ccl5) expression, the key stromal factor that drives murine Nf1 optic glioma growth.These findings reveal that genetic and genomic alterations create murine LGG biological heterogeneity through the differential recruitment of T cells and microglia by o-GSC-produced chemokines, which ultimately determine the expression of stromal factors that drive tumor growth.
IS IT POSSIBLE TO PREDICT THE INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF SMALL BOWEL CROHN'S DISEASE IN CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY USING THE ICCE CRITERIA?
Authors: AC Gomes, R Pinho, A Ponte, A Rodrigues, J Rodrigues, M Sousa, JC Silva, J Carvalho
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

A score to predict the indication for small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) in patients with suspected small bowel Crohn's disease (CD) was proposed in 2006 at the International Conference on Capsule Endoscopy (ICCE). The Lewis score and the Capsule Endoscopy Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CECDAI) scores are the most used endoscopic scores to evaluate the inflammatory activity in SBCE. The authors aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the ICCE criteria to predict the severity of small bowel CD in SBCE.
RE: Spread Through Air Spaces (STAS) is Prognostic in Atypical Carcinoid, Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma, and Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Erik Thunnissen, Alberto Marchevsky, Giulio Rossi, Prudence A. Russell, Hans Blaauwgeers, Teodora Radonic, Jan von der Thüsen, Douglas Flieder, Giuseppe Pelosi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2020)
Abstract 19241: Androgen Receptor Associated Molecule, Ara70, Modulates Postnatal Neovascularization
Authors: Shin-ichiro Hayashi, Yoshiaki Ito, Yoshio Iwashima, Fumiki Yoshihara, Hisao Ogawa, Hiroshi Asahara, Yuhei Kawano
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: A sex steroid, androgen, in part contributes to the development and progression of cardiometabolic syndrome and subsequent cardiovascular diseases. Although the receptor-associated pr...
A Phase 1/2 Study of Oral 5-Azacitidine and Romidepsin in Patients with Lymphoid Malignancies Reveals Promising Activity in Heavily Pretreated Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma (PTCL)
Authors: Lorenzo Falchi, Jennifer Kimberly Lue, Jennifer E Amengual, Ahmed Sawas, Changchun Deng, Enrica Marchi, Emily Lichtenstein, Karen Khan, Hyea Kim, Laine E. Atkins, Aishling M. Rada, Celeste Rojas, Cremers Serge, Owen A. O'Connor
Journal: Blood (2017)
Coloscopie de dépistage chez les patients avec acromégalie asymptomatiques sur le plan digestif
Authors: Z Bouhnoun, A Arramdani, H Abid, N Lahmidani, M Elyoussfi, N Aqodad, DA Benajah, A Ibrahimi, M Elabkari
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

L'acromégalie est une maladie liée à une hypersécrétion d'hormone de croissance (growth hormone [GH]), Les recommandations actuelles proposent d'inclure ces patients dans le groupe à risque élevé de cancer colorectal (CCR) et de les surveiller par coloscopie de dépistage.
Relapse after radical subcutaneous mastectomy with simultaneous reconstruction in patients with breast cancer
Authors: E. Rasskazova, A. Zikiryakhodzhaev, S. Khakimova
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

Background: To evaluate relapses in patients with breast cancer (BC) who underwent radical subcutaneous mastectomy with simultaneous reconstruction. Methods: From 2013 to 2017 radical subcutaneous mastectomies were performed with various types of reconstructions in 472 patients with BC. Reconstruction was carried out by autotissues (15%), as well as expanders, followed by replacement with endoprostheses, as well as a combination of endoprostheses with or without patch (85%). Distribution by patients' cancer stage: 0 – 5,5%, I – 30,7%, IIA – 28,6%, IIB – 14,8%, IIIA – 13,8%, IIIC – 4,9 %, IIIB – 1,7%. The distribution by biological types of BC is as follows: luminal A - 165 (37%), luminal B - 84 (18,8%), luminal B her2 positive - 74 (16,6%), triple negative - 81 (18,2 %), her2-positive - 42 (9,4%). Results: The timing of relapse ranged from 0,8 to 5,5 years. In 1 case, a local recurrence was diagnosed simultaneously with distant metastases. A total of 9 patients were diagnosed with a relapse: in 4 cases a local and in 4 cases a regional relapse, and in 1 case a locoregional relapse. Treatment of BC recurrence was as follows: in two cases, polychemotherapy courses were performed, in 6 cases operations were performed - excision of the recurrence in the mammary gland (4), removal of the mammary gland (2), in 1 case - radiation therapy. Metastases were diagnosed in 21 (4,4%) patients. The overall 3 year survival rate was 97,8%. In 13%, relapses were diagnosed in stage IIIC of breast cancer, the lowest percentage of relapses was 0,7% in stage I and IIA. In the case of luminal type A, relapse was diagnosed in 1,8%, in the case of luminal B 2,4%, in the case of the triple negative type 2,5%, and in the case of luminal B her 2 positive - 2,7%. In a multicentric BC, relapse was diagnosed in 5,5%, in a monocentric tumor in 1,5% (p < 0,05). Conclusions: 1) relapses of BC were diagnosed in 9 (1,9 ± 0,6%) cases. 2) distribution of relapses by molecular-biological types of BC: luminal A – 1,8%, B – 2,4%, triple negative – 2,5%, luminal B her2-positive – 2,7%; 3) metastasis of BC was diagnosed in 21 (4,4 ± 0,9%) cases, in 50% metastases were detected in the brain and lungs; 4) 3-year overall survival of patients with BC was 97,8% (n = 269). Legal entity responsible for the study: Rasskazova E. Funding: Has not received any funding. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Abstract 18: Seasonal Characteristic Of Kawasaki Disease With The Onset At The Different Seasons
Authors: Yukie Ozeki, Fumiya Yamada, Tsuyoshi Kishimoto, Yosikazu Nakamura
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) has been diagnosed in more than 60 countries. Seasonal trend of the patients with KD is observed in many countries. Little is known about the difference between the patient groups in the term of high incidence. Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the two patient groups during the winter and summer seasons in Japan. Methods: Epidemiologic characteristics were compared between January and July, through the 22th nationwide survey included patients who visited hospitals during 2011-2012. The proportions of survey items were observed by age-adjustment. Results: The total number of patients during 2011-12 was 26,691, the number of patients was 2812 in January and 2302 in July, and the male/female ratio was 1.4, respectively. The patients &lt;3 years account for 66% of each group (1854/2812, 1530/2302). The proportion of &lt;8 months of age was 13.0% (365/2812) in January, 17.8% (409/2302) in July, that of 15 months to 3 years was 38.8% (1092/2812), and 33.5% (771/2302). Concurrence with the diagnostic guidelines was examined, the typical cases in July were 1.6% lower than in January, and the suspected cases were 1.3% higher than in January. The suspected cases of less than 4 principle symptoms had 5.3% higher than in January. The treatment cases with γ-globulin started within 5 days of illness were 2.2% less than in July. The cases of cardiac sequelae (giant aneurysm, aneurysm, dilatation, and stenosis) were 0.3% higher than in July. The cases of serum albumin concentration less than 3.2g/dL were 3.6% higher than in July. The percentage of occurrence cardiac sequelae in this class was 9.5% higher than in July. Discussion: The difference in age distribution in the two patient groups diagnosed in January and July was observed. The symptom had a slight difference, too. These result do not contradict a hypothesis that onset of KD is concerned with plural infections with different seasonal trend and targeting for the specific age. The association between low levels of serum albumin and cardiac sequelae has been known. The association between this class and the patients in the specific season will be clear in future epidemiologic study. Conclusion: This study clarified part of the characteristic of the patient diagnosed in the different seasons.
ERCP WITH THE PENTAX ED34-I10T2 WITH DISPOSABLE ELEVATOR CAP VERSUS STANDARD DUODENOSCOPE
Authors: F Straulino, A Genthner, S Kangalli, I Reiffenstein, A Eickhoff
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

The germ-free processing of endoscopes is a central issue regarding patient safety in endoscopy. Especially duodenoscopes with the additional mechanism of the albarran lever are critical. With the ED34-i10T2 Pentax Medical introduced a new duodenoscope. It is almost identical to the standard duodenoscope but it contains a disposable elevator cap which has to be changed after every use.
Prophylactic antibiotics in the prevention of infection after operative vaginal delivery (ANODE): a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Marian Knight, Virginia Chiocchia, Christopher Partlett, Oliver Rivero-Arias, Xinyang Hua, Kim Hinshaw, Derek Tuffnell, Louise Linsell, Edmund Juszczak, Marian Knight, Helen Enderby, Derek Tuffnell, Kim Hinshaw, Ranee Thakar, Abdul H Sultan, Julia Sanders, Dharmintra Pasupathy, Philip Moore, James Gray, Oliver Rivero-Arias, Edmund Juszczak, Louise Linsell, Aethele Khunda
Journal: The Lancet (2019)

BackgroundRisk factors for maternal infection are clearly recognised, including caesarean section and operative vaginal birth. Antibiotic prophylaxis at caesarean section is widely recommended because there is clear systematic review evidence that it reduces incidence of maternal infection. Current WHO guidelines do not recommend routine antibiotic prophylaxis for women undergoing operative vaginal birth because of insufficient evidence of effectiveness. We aimed to investigate whether antibiotic prophylaxis prevented maternal infection after operative vaginal birth.MethodsIn a blinded, randomised controlled trial done at 27 UK obstetric units, women (aged ≥16 years) were allocated to receive a single dose of intravenous amoxicillin and clavulanic acid or placebo (saline) following operative vaginal birth at 36 weeks gestation or later. The primary outcome was confirmed or suspected maternal infection within 6 weeks of delivery defined by a new prescription of antibiotics for specific indications, confirmed systemic infection on culture, or endometritis. We did an intention-to-treat analysis. This trial is registered with ISRCTN, number 11166984, and is closed to accrual.FindingsBetween March 13, 2016, and June 13, 2018, 3427 women were randomly assigned to treatment: 1719 to amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, and 1708 to placebo. Seven women withdrew, leaving 1715 in the amoxicillin and clavulanic acid group and 1705 in the placebo groups. Primary outcome data were missing for 195 (6%) women. Significantly fewer women allocated to amoxicillin and clavulanic acid had a confirmed or suspected infection (180 [11%] of 1619) than women allocated to placebo (306 [19%] of 1606; risk ratio 0·58, 95% CI 0·49–0·69; p<0·0001). One woman in the placebo group reported a skin rash and two women in the amoxicillin and clavulanic acid reported other allergic reactions, one of which was reported as a serious adverse event. Two other serious adverse events were reported, neither was considered causally related to the treatment.InterpretationThis trial shows benefit of a single dose of prophylactic antibiotic after operative vaginal birth and guidance from WHO and other national organisations should be changed to reflect this.FundingNIHR Health Technology Assessment programme.
Tissue engineering strategies combining molecular targets against inflammation and fibrosis, and umbilical cord blood stem cells to improve hampered muscle and skin regeneration following cleft repair
Authors: Michaël Schreurs, C. Maarten Suttorp, Henricus A.M Mutsaers, Anne Marie Kuijpers‐Jagtman, Johannes W. Von den Hoff, Edwin M. Ongkosuwito, Paola L. Carvajal Monroy, Frank A.D.T.G. Wagener
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2019)

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate is a congenital deformity that occurs in about 1 of 700 newborns, affecting the dentition, bone, skin, muscles and mucosa in the orofacial region. A cleft can give rise to problems with maxillofacial growth, dental development, speech, and eating, and can also cause hearing impairment. Surgical repair of the lip may lead to impaired regeneration of muscle and skin, fibrosis, and scar formation. This may result in hampered facial growth and dental development affecting oral function and lip and nose esthetics. Therefore, secondary surgery to correct the scar is often indicated. We will discuss the molecular and cellular pathways involved in facial and lip myogenesis, muscle anatomy in the normal and cleft lip, and complications following surgery. The aim of this review is to outline a novel molecular and cellular strategy to improve musculature and skin regeneration and to reduce scar formation following cleft repair. Orofacial clefting can be diagnosed in the fetus through prenatal ultrasound screening and allows planning for the harvesting of umbilical cord blood stem cells upon birth. Tissue engineering techniques using these cord blood stem cells and molecular targeting of inflammation and fibrosis during surgery may promote tissue regeneration. We expect that this novel strategy improves both muscle and skin regeneration, resulting in better function and esthetics after cleft repair.
Hugh Max Halle
Authors: Caroline Halle
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Hugh Max Halle was 14 years old when he came to England in 1935 as a Jewish refugee from Nazi Germany. On arrival he spoke not a word of English, but four years later he gained a place at Sheffield University Medical School. In 1940 he was interned for nine months on the Isle of Man as “an enemy alien.” While he was there, his …
Vasectomy and Prostate Cancer Risk: A 38-Year Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Anders Husby, Jan Wohlfahrt, Mads Melbye
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2019)

A man's risk of prostate cancer has been linked to his prior reproductive history, with low sperm quality, low ejaculation frequency, and a low number of offspring being associated with increased prostate cancer risk. It is, however, highly controversial whether vasectomy, a common sterilization procedure for men, influences prostate cancer risk.We established a cohort of all Danish men (born between 1937 and 1996) and linked information on vasectomy, doctor visits, socioeconomic factors, and cancer from nationwide registries using unique personal identification numbers. Incidence risk ratios for prostate cancer by time since vasectomy and age at vasectomy during the follow-up were estimated using log-linear Poisson regression.Overall, 26 238 cases of prostate cancer occurred among 2 150 162 Danish men during 53.4 million person-years of follow-up. Overall, vasectomized men had an increased risk of prostate cancer compared with nonvasectomized men (relative risk = 1.15, 95% confidence interval = 1.10 to 1.20). The increased risk of prostate cancer following vasectomy persisted for at least 30 years after the procedure and was observed regardless of age at vasectomy and cancer stage at diagnosis. Adjustment for the number of visits to the doctor and socioeconomic factors did not explain the association.Vasectomy is associated with a statistically significantly increased long-term risk of prostate cancer. The absolute increased risk following vasectomy is nevertheless small, but our finding supports a relationship between reproductive factors and prostate cancer risk.
Whole-genome sequencing reveals clinically relevant insights into the aetiology of familial breast cancers
Authors: K. Nones, J. Johnson, F. Newell, A.M. Patch, H. Thorne, S.H. Kazakoff, X.M. de Luca, M.T. Parsons, K. Ferguson, L.E. Reid, A.E. McCart Reed, S. Srihari, V. Lakis, A.L. Davidson, P. Mukhopadhyay, O. Holmes, Q. Xu, S. Wood, C. Leonard, J. Beesley, J.M. Harris, D. Barnes, A. Degasperi, M.A. Ragan, A.B. Spurdle, K.K. Khanna, S.R. Lakhani, J.V. Pearson, S. Nik-Zainal, G. Chenevix-Trench, N. Waddell, P.T. Simpson
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is a powerful method for revealing the diversity and complexity of the somatic mutation burden of tumours. Here, we investigated the utility of tumour and matched germline WGS for understanding aetiology and treatment opportunities for high-risk individuals with familial breast cancer.
Etude prospective observationnelle multicentrique des hémorragies digestives hautes en centres hospitaliers généraux en 2017 – 2018, résultats à 6 mois
Authors: V Quentin, AJ Rémy, G Macaigne, R Leblanc-Boubchir, C Koudougou, M Prieto, L Tsakiris, D Grasset, D Cuen, K Elriz, J Verlynde, MP Ripault, M Baconnier, S Herrmann, RL Vitte, JP Arpurt, K Bideau, F Skinazi, YH Lam, L Costes, A Pelaquier, P Lahmek, S Nahon
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Depuis l'étude française sur les hémorragies digestives hautes de 2005 (1) de nombreuses évolutions sont apparues avec l'arrivée des anticoagulants oraux directs, la plus large diffusion des techniques d'hémostase, la publication de nouvelles recommandations et la généralisation des astreintes d'endoscopie de territoire. Ce travail présente les résultats, après 6 mois d'inclusion, d'une nouvelle étude observationnelle qui a pour but d'en décrire l'épidémiologie, les facteurs de risque, la prise en charge et l'adhésion aux recommandations. Les résultats seront actualisés avec l'effectif complet au moment de la présentation.
How Should We Treat Patients with Mild Asthma?
Authors: Gary W.K. Wong
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases in the world. Despite advances in the understanding of the biologic characteristics of asthma and its treatment, many surveys continue to document suboptimal control in large proportions of patients around the world.1,2 Both U.S. and international guidelines recommend the use of short-acting β2-agonists (SABAs) as needed for the treatment of mild intermittent asthma.3,4 When symptoms become persistent, the recommended treatment is an inhaled glucocorticoid taken on a regular basis, so-called maintenance therapy, which should lead to reduced use of a SABA. In reality, patients tend to rely on as-needed SABAs . . .
Letter to the editor: False-positive results with rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for dengue
Authors: Emilie Javelle, Philippe Gautret, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2019)

Preview this article: Letter to the editor: False-positive results with rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for dengue, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/24/21/eurosurv-24-21-6-1.gif
Abstract 15288: Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Signaling in Brown Adipose Tissue Promotes Systemic Metabolic Dysfunction in Obesity
Authors: Ryutaro Ikegami, Ippei Shimizu, Yoko Yoshida, Yuka Hayashi, Masayoshi Suda, Goro Katsuumi, Takayuki Wakasugi, Tohru Minamino
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Studies suggest that brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a metabolically active organ contributing for systemic metabolic health. Adrenergic signaling is well described as a key regulatory system for BAT...
Endoscopic full-thickness resection with omental patch closure for a gastric stromal tumor in the gastric cardia
Authors: Tossapol Kerdsirichairat, Kia Vosoughi, Yervant Ichkhanian, Saowanee Ngamruengphong, Anthony N. Kalloo, Vivek Kumbhari, Mouen A. Khashab
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) of ≥ 2 cm should be resected because of their malignant potential [1]. Recently, endoscopic techniques for en bloc resection of GISTs have been described, including endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and full-thickness resection (EFTR). Closure of the resection site, usually accomplished with clips or endoscopic suturing, is paramount to avoid peritonitis [2] [3]. Prior feasibility studies have shown that omental patch closure appears to be effective for closure of gastric perforations [4] [5]. Data on the use of this technique for the closure of defects after EFTR in the gastric cardia are not yet available.
Stressed doctors are more likely to binge drink and have sleep problems, finds study
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Doctors who experience stress or burnout from work are more likely to turn to alcohol and binge eating to cope and have a higher risk of sleep problems, shows a survey of over 400 doctors.1

The study, carried out by researchers from University College London and Birkbeck, University of London, found that 34% (of 392 doctors who answered this question) said they used substances (drugs, food, or alcohol) to make themselves feel better, and 22% (of 393) said that this consumption helped them get through …
Bone Pseudometastasis on 18F-FDG PET in Japanese Patients With Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Chio Okuyama, Tatsuya Higashi, Koichi Ishizu, Ryusuke Nakamoto, Masaaki Takahashi, Kuninori Kusano, Shinya Kagawa, Hiroshi Yamauchi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Purpose of the Report False-positive bone lesions mimicking bone metastases (bone pseudometastasis) on 18 F-FDG PET/CT have often been reported in patients with esophageal cancer. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and features of these lesions in Japanese patients with esophageal cancer. Methods In this retrospective study, we analyzed 83 FDG PET/CT studies for initial staging of esophageal cancer, and extracted patients with 1 or more localized high uptake sites with no subsequent progression, which were therefore judged to be bone pseudometastasis. The FDG PET/CT imaging features of the bone pseudometastasis were evaluated, and other available imaging and clinical features reviewed. Results Of the 83 patients, 7 had bone pseudometastasis. All 7 were males diagnosed with squamous cell cancer, of which 5 had T1a tumors. Bone pseudometastasis showed normal or ill-defined hyperdense (nonosteolytic) sites compared with the surrounding area on the CT. Additionally, accumulation in the upper vertebral levels of each case was contiguously high compared with the lumbar spines (we named this finding “contiguous accumulation”). On MRI, these findings were visualized as low signals on T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and T2WI images but were unclear on fat-suppressed T2WI images. Conclusions Among all PET/CT performed for staging of esophageal cancer, 8.3% demonstrated bone pseudometastasis characterized by heterogeneous distribution with severe fatty degeneration of bone marrow accompanied by contiguous accumulation. Caution is required during diagnoses of bone lesions in esophageal cancer patients in Japan to prevent inappropriate therapeutic choices.