tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PATHOS: A phase II/III trial of risk-stratified, reduced intensity adjuvant treatment in patients undergoing transoral surgery for human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal cancer.
Authors: Mererid Evans, Sarah Knott, Chris Hurt, Joanne Patterson, Max Robinson, Kate A. Hutcheson, Lisette Nixon, Matthew Beasley, Jonny Lee, Wendy Wade, Nachi Palaniappan, Christian Simon, Ned Powell, William Greenhalf, Terry Jones
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

TPS6097 Background: Incidence of Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is rapidly increasing as a result of Human Papillomavirus (HPV), genotype 16 infection. Existing treatments for HPV+ OPSCC have high survival rates but often result in significant long-term toxicities, particularly affecting swallowing function, impacting on quality of life (QoL). PATHOS is a UK phase II-III randomized, multi-centre study. Patients undergo Transoral Surgery (Transoral Laser Microsurgery or Transoral Robotic Surgery) prior to post-operative stratification, according to pathological risk factors. Aim: To determine whether reducing intensity of adjuvant treatment; by lowering radiotherapy (RT) dose or, in patients with positive margins and/or Extracapsular Spread (ECS), omitting concurrent chemotherapy, will result in better long-term swallowing function whilst maintaining high Overall Survival rates. Methods: Patients are eligible if requiring primary resection and neck dissection, fit for surgery/treatment, histologically confirmed OPSCC (TNM T1-T3, N0-N2b), and ≥ 18 years. Following informed consent, patients are confirmed as HPV+. Baseline swallowing panel (including QoL) is carried out prior to surgery and during follow-up. Post-op group allocation: Clinical trial information: NCT02215265. PATHOS has recruited 152 patients across 18 UK sites to date, clearly demonstrating feasibility of recruitment. PATHOS will proceed to an international Phase III in collaboration with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) subject to funding being awarded. Funded by Cancer Research UK (A17161). Coordinated by the Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University.A no pathological risk factors No adjuvant treatment B close (1-5mm) primary tumour margins (-ve marginal biopsies), T3 tumours, N2, perineural invasion, vascular invasion Post op: Randomised 1:1 B1: RT 60Gy in 30# over 6 wks (Control) B2: RT 50Gy in 25# over 5 wks (Test) C positive ( < 1mm) margins (-ve marginal biopsies), ECS Post-op: Randomised 1:1 C1: RT 60Gy in 30# over 6 wks with concurrent Cisplatin chemotherapy (CT) (Control) C2: RT 60Gy in 30# over 6 wks without CT (Test)
Clinical Doppler Echocardiography
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Classics are difficult to review; they should only improve, and the third edition of The Human Pulmonary Circulation fulfills this expectation.The content has been brought up to date with an increase in the number of illustrations but no increase in size, the text of this edition being slightly shorter than previously.The book remains arranged around struc- ture, both normal and abnormal, but includes extensive consideration of the physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology of the lesser circulation.In keeping with new concepts of the role of the pulmonary circulation in homeostasis there is a comprehensive review of the circulation as a metabolic unit, including a new chapter on the endothelial cell.This provides an excellent outline of the structural specialisation of this cell, its metabolic functions such as amine uptake and enzymatic conversion 'of circulating peptides,
Sleep apnoea management in Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic: data from the European Sleep Apnoea Database (ESADA)
Authors: Ludger Grote, Walter T. McNicholas, Jan Hedner
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>This study identified an 80% shutdown of sleep apnoea management throughout Europe. Most services have been limited to phone-based follow-up and the management of high-priority cases. Mitigation strategies appear to be insufficiently exploited.</b>https://bit.ly/2KWf3IY
Proper or Improper Use of the Crossover Design in Clinical Trials in Chronic Sciatica?—Reply
Authors: Kelvin Robertson, Laurence A. G. Marshman, David Plummer
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2019)

In Reply We have read with great interest the letter by Rato et al regarding our study1 that investigated the effect of pregabalin and gabapentin on pain intensity in adults. We thank the authors for their insight into the methodological aspects of the crossover design used.
Abnormal pulmonary function in COVID-19 patients at time of hospital discharge
Authors: Xiaoneng Mo, Wenhua Jian, Zhuquan Su, Mu Chen, Hui Peng, Ping Peng, Chunliang Lei, Ruchong Chen, Nanshan Zhong, Shiyue Li
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>In discharged survivors with COVID-19, impairment of diffusion capacity is the most common abnormality of lung function, followed by restrictive ventilatory defects, which are both associated with the severity of the disease</b>https://bit.ly/2yUaBaT
Vaper, Beware: The Unique Toxicological Profile of Electronic Cigarettes
Authors: Silke Schmidt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2020)

Many parents and pediatricians worry about the appeal of electronic cigarettes to teenagers.And they are not alone.Back in March 2017, for instance, Terry Gordon was contacted by a high school junior about ideas for a science fair project.At one point, the boy mentioned his concern about vaping in the school's restrooms."A light bulb went off pretty quickly," recalls Gordon, a professor of environmental medicine at New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine."We decided to take some air measurements to see if vaping was harmful for kids who do not do it themselves."With support from administrators and teachers, the Board of Education, and the Parent Teacher Association, Gordon's team eventually installed air monitors in the restrooms at one high school and one middle school.The vaping-associated nicotine levels the researchers measured in these restrooms were similar to those in New York City public housing units where residents smoked heavily, says Gordon. 1 The jury is still out on whether e-cigarettes are as effective as, or superior to, nicotine replacement therapy to help quit smoking. 2 To date, no e-cigarette has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a smoking cessation aid. 3 Although e-cigarettes may not expose users to all of the toxicants produced by tobacco combustion, the health risks associated with exposure to e-cigarette aerosols are not well characterized. 4This means harm reduction in smokers who switch to e-cigarettes should be weighed against the potential risk to nonsmokers who find vaping much more appealing-and perceive it as safer-than cigarette smoking.The 2019 outbreak of so-called "e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury" (EVALI) in the United States also affected many young individuals; more than half were under age 25. 5 Although likely caused by vitamin E acetate added mainly to THC-containing vapes, 5 the event intensified public concern about a simultaneous youth vaping epidemic, supported by growing scientific evidence that e-cigarettes are far from safe. 6Combustible Cigarettes vs. E-Cigarettes E-cigarettes contain a battery-powered heating element, usually a metal coil, that heats an "e-liquid" mixture of solvents, nicotine, and flavoring chemicals.Users inhale the resulting aerosols into their lungs.Manufacturers are not required to publicly disclose the ingredients in e-liquids (although they must report them to the FDA), and substantial discrepancies exist between the labeled and actual nicotine content of many brands. 7,8,9,10-cigarettes appeared on the U.S. market in 2006. 11Their designs have changed substantially over time.The first-generationThe percentage of high schoolers reporting recent e-cigarette use increased from 1.5% in 2011 to 27.5% in 2019. 26The rapid increase in youth vaping is one reason the FDA is cracking down on manufacturers targeting young consumers with kid-friendly marketing.Image: CC BY 4.0 (cropped original).
VEGF, VEGFR2 and GSTM1 polymorphisms in outcome of multiple myeloma patients in the thalidomide era
Authors: L. Lopes-Aguiar, M.T. Delamain, A.B.C. Brito, G.J. Lourenço, E.F.D. Costa, G.B. Oliveira, J. Vassallo, C.A. De Souza, C.S.P. Lima
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
GETTING THE JOB DONE: HOW TRAINEE INVOLVEMENT AFFECTS ERCP PROCEDURES – RESULTS FROM A PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER OBSERVATIONAL TRIAL
Authors: T Voiosu, I Boskoski, A Ladic, A Voiosu, A Benguș, Ivo Klarin, V Bove, B Smarandache, B Busuioc, N Rustemovic, I Jovanovic, B Mateescu, G Costamagna
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims The impact of trainee involvement on the outcome of complex endoscopic procedures such as ERCP remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the degree of trainee involvement in the real-life practice of ERCP procedures in a teaching setting.
Collateral Effect of Covid-19 on Stroke Evaluation in the United States
Authors: Akash P. Kansagra, Manu S. Goyal, Scott Hamilton, Gregory W. Albers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Use of Stroke Imaging during the Covid-19 Pandemic The authors reviewed an imaging database used to determine whether patients with acute stroke were eligible to undergo endovascular thrombectomy. ...
Reply to: “Current smoking is not associated with COVID-19”
Authors: Janice M. Leung, Chen Xi Yang, Don D. Sin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Like M. Rossato and co-workers, we too have been struck by the relative underrepresentation of current smokers in cohorts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, particularly in light of our recent findings that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE-2) is upregulated in the airway epithelium of this population [1]. China [2], Italy (as reported by M. Rossato and co-workers), and now New York City [3] have all reported current smoking rates below those of their respective general populations. The reason for this is a mystery. One possible explanation is misclassification of smoking status owing to under-reporting of smoking in these cohorts. Another is that smokers may be taking medications that may offer some protection against COVID-19 ( e.g. certain inhalers). Smoking and COPD are risk factors for severe COVID-19 <https://bit.ly/2KJxAbp>
Activating somatic and germline TERT promoter variants in myeloid malignancies
Authors: Valeria Nofrini, Caterina Matteucci, Fabrizia Pellanera, Paolo Gorello, Danika Di Giacomo, Anair Graciela Lema Fernandez, Carlotta Nardelli, Tamara Iannotti, Lucia Brandimarte, Silvia Arniani, Martina Moretti, Alessio Gili, Giovanni Roti, Valeria Di Battista, Simona Colla, Cristina Mecucci
Journal: Leukemia (2020)
Targeting cytokine- and therapy-induced PIM1 activation in preclinical models of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma
Authors: Renate De Smedt, Julie Morscio, Lindy Reunes, Juliette Roels, Valentina Bardelli, Beatrice Lintermans, Wouter Van Loocke, Afonso Almeida, Laurence C. Cheung, Rishi S. Kotecha, Marc R. Mansour, Anne Uyttebroeck, Peter Vandenberghe, Roberta La Starza, Cristina Mecucci, Tim Lammens, Nadine Van Roy, Barbara De Moerloose, João T. Barata, Tom Taghon, Steven Goossens, Pieter Van Vlierberghe
Journal: Blood (2020)
Treatment advantage in HBV/HIV coinfection compared to HBV monoinfection in a South African cohort
Authors: Tongai G. Maponga, Anna L. McNaughton, Marije van Schalkwyk, Susan Hugo, Chikezie Nwankwo, Jantjie Taljaard, Jolynne Mokaya, David A. Smith, Cloete van Vuuren, Dominique Goedhals, Shiraaz Gabriel, Monique I. Andersson, Wolfgang Preiser, Christo van Rensburg, Philippa C. Matthews
Journal: Journal of Infection (2020)

ObjectivesPrompted by international targets for elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV), we set out to characterise individuals with HBV monoinfection vs. those coinfected with HBV/HIV, to evaluate the impact of therapy and to guide improvements in clinical care.MethodsWe report observational data from a real world cross-sectional cohort of 115 adults with chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB), at a university hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. HIV coinfection was present in 39 (34%) subjects. We recorded cross-sectional demographic, clinical and laboratory data.ResultsCompared to those with HIV coinfection, HBV monoinfected adults were less likely to be HBeAg-positive (p=0.01), less likely to have had assessment with elastography (p<0.0001), and less likely to be on antiviral treatment (p<0.0001); they were more likely to have detectable HBV viraemia (p=0.04), and more likely to have features of liver disease including moderate/severe thrombocytopaenia (p=0.007), elevated bilirubin (p=0.004), and elevated APRI score (p=0.02). Three cases of hepatocellular carcinoma all arose in HBV monoinfection.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that individuals with HBV monoinfection may be disadvantaged compared to those with HIV coinfection, highlighting potential systematic inequities in referral, monitoring and treatment.
Left versus right: Does location matter for refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients in phase I clinical trials?
Authors: Sukeshi R. Patel, Norma S. Ketchum, Joel Michalek, Jonathan Gelfond, Devalingam Mahalingam
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

771 Background: Location of the primary tumor is prognostic and predictive of efficacy with VEGF-inhibitors (I) vs EGFR-I given first-line to mCRC patients (pts) (ASCO 2016). However, little is known regarding the effect of location on prognosis and prediction in heavily pretreated mCRC pts. We assessed the efficacy of VEGF-I and EGFR-I in regards to location of the primary tumor in pts with refractory mCRC enrolled in early phase studies. Methods: A historical cohort analysis of mCRC pts enrolled amongst 44 phase I trials at the IDD from 3/2004 - 9/2012. Median Progression free survival (mPFS) and overall survival (mOS) were estimated from Kaplan-Meier curves and groups were statistically compared with the log rank test. The magnitude of association between dichotomous factors and survival was estimated with the hazard ratio (HR). Results: 139 pts, median age 59 (33-81), KRAS mut 20 %, wt 31 %, unknown 49 %. ≥ 3 prior lines therapy 73.9 %; Prior EGFR-I 75.5% (100% of KRAS wt). Location: Right 20.9 %, Left 61.9 %, Transverse 4.3 %, Unknown 12.9 %. Phase I agents: VEGF I 19.4%, EGFR/Growth Factor I 9.3%. For survival analysis, transverse were included with right. Of 112 pts, mOS: Left (n = 80) 6.6 months (mo) vs Right (n = 32) 5.9 mo, p = 0.18. mPFS: Left (n = 86) 2.0 mo vs Right (n = 35) 2.0 mo, p = 0.76. Survival in regards to location or biologic agent (table). Conclusions: In phase 1 clinical trials, although location alone was not prognostic in heavily pretreated pts, left-sided mCRC had improved survival with EGFR-I. Despite progression on EGFR I, left-sided KRAS wild mCRC pts should be considered for phase 1 studies of agents targeting the growth factor pathways. [Table: see text]
The Dangers of Using Tumor Markers to Evaluate Nonspecific Symptoms
Authors: Parisa Mortaji, Elena Lebduska
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Prenatal Determination of Fetal RhD Type by DNA Amplification
Authors: Phillip R. Bennett, Caroline Le Van Kim, Yves Colin, Ruth M. Warwick, Baya Cherif-Zahar, Nicholas M. Fisk, Jean-Pierre Cartron
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

An RhD-negative woman whose partner is heterozygous may have preexisting anti-RhD antibodies that may or may not affect a subsequent fetus, depending on whether it is heterozygous. A safe method of determining fetal RhD type early in pregnancy would eliminate the risks to an RhD-negative fetus of fetal-blood sampling or serial amniocenteses.
Immunologic Abnormalities in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: H. Clifford Lane, Anthony S. Fauci
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1985)

The immune systems of patients with AIDS are characterized by a profound defect in cell-mediated immunity which is predominantly due to a decrease in the number and function of the helper/inducer T lymphocytes, particularly the antigen-reactive cells. This defect is manifested primarily as decreases in delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and decreased in vitro proliferation to soluble antigen. A variety of secondary manifestations of immunologic dysfunction occur, some of which result from a lack of effective inducer-cell function, others from the occurrence of opportunistic infections. Among these secondary phenomena are decreased cytotoxic lymphocyte responses, polyclonal B-cell activation, decreased monocyte chemotaxis, and a number of serologic abnormalities. The primary cause of this defect in the antigen-reactive helper/inducer T lymphocyte is infection with a class of T-cell tropic retroviruses known as HTLV-III or LAV. This virus is capable of selectively infecting T4 + lymphocytes and can be isolated consistently from patients with AIDS or AIDS-related conditions. Despite substantial knowledge concerning the nature of the immune defect in AIDS and its causative agent, little progress has been made in developing effective therapies for this uniformly fatal illness. Because the incidence of this disease continues to increase, and patients stricken with this illness have a median survival of two years, additional investigation in this area is greatly needed. Continued effort aimed at delineating the precise nature of the immune defect in these patients should be of value in attempting to enhance our understanding of the human immune system in both normal and disease states.
Outcome measures in multimodal rectal cancer trials
Authors: Emmanouil Fokas, Robert Glynne-Jones, Ane Appelt, Regina Beets-Tan, Geerard Beets, Karin Haustermans, Corrie Marijnen, Bruce D Minsky, Ethan Ludmir, Phil Quirke, David Sebag-Montefiore, Julio Garcia-Aguilar, Maria Antonietta Gambacorta, Vincenzo Valentini, Marc Buyse, Claus Rödel
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2020)
Gene-activated dermal equivalents to accelerate healing of diabetic chronic wounds by regulating inflammation and promoting angiogenesis
Authors: Dong Lou, Yu Luo, Qian Pang, Wei-Qiang Tan, Lie Ma
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2020)

Diabetic chronic wound, characterized by prolonged inflammation and impaired angiogenesis, has become one of the most serious challenges in clinic and pose a significant healthcare burden worldwide. Although a great variety of wound dressings have been developed, few of encouraged achievements were obtained so far. In this study, the gene-activated strategy was applied to enhance sustained expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and achieve better healing outcomes by regulating inflammation and promoting angiogenesis. The gene-activated bilayer dermal equivalents (Ga-BDEs), which has good biocompatibility, were fabricated by loading the nano-sized complexes of Lipofectamine 2000/plasmid DNA-encoding VEGF into a collagen-chitosan scaffold/silicone membrane bilayer dermal equivalent. The DNA complexes were released in a sustained manner and showed the effective transfection capacities to up-regulate the expression of VEGF in vitro. To overcome cutaneous contraction of rodents and mimic the wound healing mechanisms of the human, a reformative rat model of full-thickness diabetic chronic wound was adopted. Under the treatment of Ga-BDEs, speeding wound healing was observed, which is accompanied by the accelerated infiltration and phenotype shift of macrophages and enhanced angiogenesis in early and late healing phases, respectively. These proved that Ga-BDEs possess the functions of immunomodulation and pro-angiogenesis simultaneously. Subsequently, the better regeneration outcomes, including deposition of oriented collagen and fast reepithelialization, were achieved. All these results indicated that, being different from traditional pro-angiogenic concept, the up-regulated expression of VEGF by Ga-BDEs in a sustained manner shows versatile potentials for promoting the healing of diabetic chronic wounds.
Impact of arginine therapy on mitochondrial function in children with sickle cell disease during vaso-occlusive pain
Authors: Claudia R. Morris, Lou Ann S. Brown, Michael Reynolds, Carlton D. Dampier, Peter A. Lane, Amanda Watt, Polly Kumari, Frank Harris, Shaminy Manoranjithan, Reshika D. Mendis, Janet Figueroa, Sruti Shiva
Journal: Blood (2020)
Quality of life, tuberculosis and treatment outcome; a case–control and nested cohort study
Authors: Sumona Datta, Robert H. Gilman, Rosario Montoya, Luz Quevedo Cruz, Teresa Valencia, Doug Huff, Matthew J. Saunders, Carlton A. Evans
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Background Global tuberculosis policy increasingly emphasises broad tuberculosis impacts and highlights the lack of evidence concerning tuberculosis-related quality of life (QOL). Methods Participants were recruited in 32 Peruvian communities between July 13, 2016 and February 24, 2018 and followed-up until November 8, 2019. Inclusion criteria were age ≥15 years for “patients” (n=1545) starting treatment for tuberculosis disease in health centres; “contacts” (n=3180) who shared a patient's household for ≥6 h·week −1 ; and randomly selected “controls” (n=277). The EUROHIS-QOL questionnaire quantified satisfaction with QOL, health, energy, activities of daily living (ADL), self, relationships, money and living place. Findings Newly diagnosed tuberculosis was most strongly associated with lower QOL scores (p&lt;0.001). Patients initially had lower QOL than controls for all EUROHIS-QOL questions (p≤0.01), especially concerning health, ADL and self. Lower initial QOL in patients predicted adverse treatment outcomes and scores &lt;13 points had 4.2-fold (95% CI 2.3–7.6) increased risk of death versus those with higher QOL scores (both p&lt;0.001). Patient QOL was re-assessed 6 months later, and for patients with successful treatment QOL became similar to participants who had never had tuberculosis, whereas patients who did not complete treatment continued to have low QOL (p&lt;0.001). Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis was associated with lower QOL before and during treatment (both p&lt;0.001). Contacts had lower QOL if they lived with a patient who had low QOL score (p&lt;0.0001) or were a caregiver for the patient (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions Tuberculosis was associated with impaired psychosocioeconomic QOL which recovered with successful treatment. Low QOL scores predicted adverse treatment outcome. This brief EUROHIS-QOL eight-item questionnaire quantified the holistic needs of tuberculosis-affected people, potentially guiding patient-centred care.