tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Platelets Restrict the Oxidative Burst in Phagocytes and Facilitate Primary Progressive Tuberculosis
Authors: Lisa Scheuermann, Gang Pei, Teresa Domaszewska, Joanna Zyla, Dagmar Oberbeck-Müller, Silke Bandermann, Yonghong Feng, Juan Sebastian Ruiz Moreno, Bastian Opitz, Hans-Joachim Mollenkopf, Stefan H. E. Kaufmann, Anca Dorhoi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)

Rationale: Platelets are generated in the capillaries of the lung, control hemostasis, and display immunological functions. Tuberculosis primarily affects the lung, and patients show platelet changes and hemoptysis. A role of platelets in immunopathology of pulmonary tuberculosis requires careful assessment.Objectives: To identify the dynamics and interaction partners of platelets in the respiratory tissue and establish their impact on the outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods: Investigations were primarily performed in murine models of primary progressive pulmonary tuberculosis, by analysis of mouse strains with variable susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection using platelet depletion and delivery of antiplatelet drugs.Measurements and Main Results: Platelets were present at the site of infection and formed aggregates with different myeloid subsets during experimental tuberculosis. Such aggregates were also detected in patients with tuberculosis. Platelets were detrimental during the early phase of infection, and this effect was uncoupled from their canonical activation. Platelets left lung cell dynamics and patterns of antimycobacterial T-cell responses unchanged but hampered antimicrobial defense by restricting production of reactive oxygen species in lung-residing myeloid cells.Conclusions: Platelets are detrimental in primary progressive pulmonary tuberculosis, orchestrate lung immunity by modulating innate immune responsiveness, and may be amenable to new interventions for this deadly disease.
23P Clinical, pathological and gene expression features of HER2-low breast cancer
Authors: F. Schettini, N. Chic, F. Brasó-Maristany, L. Paré, T. Pascual, B. Conte, O. Martínez-Sáez, B. Adamo, M. Vidal, A. Fernandez-Martinez, B. González-Farré, E. Sanfeliu, G. Perrone, P. Villagrasa, J. Gavila Gregori, C.H. Barrios, A. Lluch, M. Martin Jimenez, S. De Placido, A. Prat
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Detection of multiple hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in a New York City hospital through screening of virulence genes
Authors: A.M. Parrott, J. Shi, J. Aaron, D.A. Green, S. Whittier, F. Wu
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2020)

ObjectivesThe 'hypervirulent' variant of Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) is a predominant cause of community-acquired pyogenic liver abscess in Asia, and is an emerging pathogen in Western countries. hvKp infections have demonstrated 'metastatic' dissemination in immunocompetent hosts, an unusual mode of infection associated with severe complications. Two cases alerted us to the possible presence of hvKp at our hospital, both involving elderly Hispanic males who presented with recurrent fever, bacteraemia, epigastric pain and liver abscesses/phlegmon, thus prompting an assessment of hvKp prevalence.MethodsA surveillance of K. pneumoniae blood, body fluid and wound isolates was conducted using real-time PCR to detect virulence-associated genes (uni-rmpA, iucA and peg344). Positive isolates were further characterized by wzi gene sequencing to determine capsular types (K-type) and by multilocus sequence typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to determine strain relatedness.ResultsFour-hundred and sixty-three K. pneumoniae isolates, derived from 412 blood, 21 body fluids and 30 abdominal wound specimens, were screened over a 3-year period. Isolates included 98 multidrug-resistant strains. Eighteen isolates from 17 patients, including two from the index patient, screened positive for all three virulence genes. Sixteen of 18 positive isolates had K-types associated with hvKp, and isolates from different patients were unrelated strains, indicating likely community acquisition. Of 13 patients with significant morbidity, five died; eight patients had co-existing hepatobiliary disease, and six had diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsMultiple strains of hvKp are emerging in New York City and are associated with high mortality relative to multidrug-resistant and classical Klebsiella infections. Co-existing hepatobiliary disease appears to be a potential risk factor for these infections.
Landmark perspective. Paternity determination. 1921 to 1983 and beyond
Authors: M. W. Shaw
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Dr Reuben Ottenberg's three articles published inThe Journalin 1921 and 1922 are remarkably prescient. The reader will find his articles easier to follow by mentally translating blood groups I, II, III, and IV to O, A, B, and AB, respectively. Although Ottenberg contributed much family data to analyze the inheritance of the ABO system, he and other scientists at that time were laboring under the false assumption that there were two loci for the ABO blood groups that segregated independently. Thus, some of the predictions he made in the last Table of the third article<sup>1</sup>are erroneous: an O parent cannot have an AB child. This would, of course, be possible under the two-locus hypothesis. For example, AABB times aabb would necessarily yield all AaBb children with the phenotype AB. Perhaps the reason he and others made this error was because there were so few AB matings
Corrigendum to ‘machine learning for clinical decision support in infectious diseases: a narrative review of current applications’ clinical microbiology and infection (2020) 584–595
Authors: N. Peiffer-Smadja, T.M. Rawson, R. Ahmad, A. Buchard, P. Georgiou, F.-X. Lescure, G. Birgand, A.H. Holmes
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2020)
Treatment of High-grade Non–muscle-invasive Bladder Carcinoma by Standard Number and Dose of BCG Instillations Versus Reduced Number and Standard Dose of BCG Instillations: Results of the European Association of Urology Research Foundation Randomised Phase III Clinical Trial “NIMBUS”
Authors: Marc-Oliver Grimm, Antoine G. van der Heijden, Marc Colombel, Tim Muilwijk, Luis Martínez-Piñeiro, Marko M. Babjuk, Levent N. Türkeri, Joan Palou, Anup Patel, Anders S. Bjartell, Christien Caris, Raymond G. Schipper, Wim P.J. Witjes, Jörg Horstmann, Stefan Machtens, Eberhard Mumperow, Andreas Al Ghazal, Thomas Pulte, Michael Stephan-Odenthal, Georgios Gakis, Mario Kramer, Marc-Oliver Grimm, Dirk Zaak, Bernd Schmitz-Dräger, Holger Schreier, Jan Lehmann, Torsten Werner, Jörg Klier, Jan Marin, Wolfgang Rulf, Eva Hellmis, Andreas Schneider, None Spiegelhalder, Manfred Wirth, Theodor Klotz, Henrik Suttmann, Michael Siebels, Gerd Rodemer, Robert Rudolph, Roger Zillmann, M. de Bruin, S. Bos, R. van Moorselaar, T de Reijke, J. Boormans, B. Wijsman, H.H.E. van Melick, E. van Boven, R.P. Meijer, A.G. van der Heijden, H. Vergunst, E. te Slaa, A.M. Leliveld-Kors, Marc Colombel, Alain Ruffion, Christian Pfister, Morgan Roupret, Jacques Irani, Gabriel Stoica, Siska Van Bruwaene, Filip Ameye, Harm Arentsen, Steven Joniau, Pastora Beardo
Journal: European Urology (2020)
Abstract 11739: Gender Difference in Short and Long Term Outcomes in Acute Type a Aortic Dissection Repair
Authors: Elizabeth Norton, Karen Kim, Shinichi Fukuhara, Xiaoting Wu, Himanshu J Patel, G. Michael Deeb, Bo Yang
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Female gender is a risk factor for coronary and valve surgery, but its impact in open repair of acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is unknown. Hypothesis: There is no difference i...
Acute lower respiratory infections in Indigenous infants in Australia's Northern Territory across three eras of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use (2006–15): a population-based cohort study
Authors: Michael J Binks, Jemima Beissbarth, Victor M Oguoma, Susan J Pizzutto, Amanda J Leach, Heidi C Smith-Vaughan, Lisa McHugh, Ross M Andrews, Rosalind Webby, Peter S Morris, Anne B Chang
Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2020)
Abstract 19309: Assessment of Gene Expression Changes in Peripheral Blood Monocytes Six Months After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Kenneth C Bilchick, Brian Capaldo, James Garmey, Coleen McNamara
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) response rates remain suboptimal. Assessment of gene expression changes may provide a more physiologic measure of response that would correlate w...
Abstract 12410: “Positive Spin” in Cardiovascular Research Publications: How Are Trials Without Statistically Significant Primary Outcomes Presented?
Authors: Muhammad S Khan, Karim A Rehman, Noman Lateef, Haris Riaz, Safi U Khan, Tariq J Siddiqi, Kaneez Fatima, Rami Doukky, Richard Krasuski
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Clinical researchers are obligated to present results both accurately and objectively. In case of studies where primary results are not statistically significant, placing a “positive sp...
Abstract 10655: Accuracy of Automated Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Evaluating Left Ventricular Volume and Ejection Fraction in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Comparative Study With Current Clinical Two-dimensional Echocardiography
Authors: Li Zhang, Yushan Wang, Mingxing Xie, Chun Wu, Yuman Li, Meng Li, Wei Sun, Shuyuan Wang
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Accurate, reproducible, noninvasive determination of left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction (EF) is important for clinical assessment, risk stratification, selection of the...
Personalized neoantigen-based immunotherapy for advanced collecting duct carcinoma: case report
Authors: Yongyi Zeng, Wei Zhang, Zhenli Li, Youshi Zheng, Yingchao Wang, Geng Chen, Liman Qiu, Kun Ke, Xiaoping Su, Zhixiong Cai, Jingfeng Liu, Xiaolong Liu
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Background Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) of the kidney is a rare and highly aggressive malignant tumor with the worst prognosis among all renal cancers. Nevertheless, the first-line treatments, including chemotherapy and target therapy, usually show poor response to CDC. Recent studies have suggested that immunotherapy targeting personal tumor-specific neoantigens could be a promising strategy for several solid cancers. However, whether it has therapeutic potential in CDC remains unclear. Case presentation Here, we report a case of an Asian patient who underwent personalized neoantigen-based immunotherapy. The patient was diagnosed with metastatic CDC and suffered extensive tumor progression following sorafenib treatment. Based on the patient’s own somatic mutational profile, a total of 13 neoantigens were identified and corresponding long-peptide vaccine and neoantigen-reactive T cells (NRTs) were prepared. After six cycles of neoantigen-based vaccination and T-cell immunotherapy, the patient was reported with stable disease status in tumor burden and significant alleviation of bone pain. Ex vivo interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay proved the reactivity to 12 of 13 neoantigens in peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected after immunotherapy, and the preferential reactivity to mutant peptides compared with corresponding wild-type peptides was also observed for 3 of the neoantigens. Surprisingly, biopsy sample collected from CDC sites after 3 months of immunotherapy showed decreased mutant allele frequency corresponding to 92% (12/13) of the neoantigens, indicating the elimination of tumor cells carrying these neoantigens. Conclusions Our case report demonstrated that the combined therapy of neoantigen peptide vaccination and NRT cell infusion showed certain efficacy in this CDC case, even when the patient carried only a relatively low tumor mutation burden. These results indicated that the personalized neoantigen-based immunotherapy was a promising new strategy for advanced CDC. Trial registration number ChiCTR1800017836.
19P PIK3CA mutations in HER2-positive early breast cancer patients enrolled in the adjuvant randomized short-HER study
Authors: V. Guarneri, M.V. Dieci, G. Bisagni, A.A. Brandes, A. Frassoldati, L. Cavanna, A. Musolino, F. Giotta, A. Rimanti, O. Garrone, E. Bertone, K. Cagossi, O. Nanni, F. Piacentini, E. Orvieto, M. Curtarello, N. Chic, R. D'Amico, A. Prat, P.F. Conte
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Abstract 12144: Heterogeneity Between Rates of Hypertension Among Immigrant and U.S.-born Blacks: Pooled NHANES, 2003-2014 Data
Authors: Alison G Brown, Robert L Houser, Alice H Lichtenstein, Josiemer Mattei, Sara C Folta
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Epidemiological data suggest that Blacks in the U.S. experience the highest prevalence of hypertension (44%) worldwide. It is unclear, however, if there are differences between U.S.-born and foreign-born immigrant Blacks. Since the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, a growing proportion of the U.S. Black population is made up of Black immigrants and it is predicted that by 2060, 16.5% of U.S. Blacks will be immigrants. Within the Black population, there are pronounced cultural differences in food preferences and physical activity habits, as well as social experiences, which are important risk factors for hypertension. Methods: Pooled NHANES data (2003-2014) for non-Hispanic immigrant Black adults aged 22-79y (n=515) and their US-born counterparts (n=4,249) were analyzed. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to investigate the association between nativity and odds for hypertension (defined as diagnosed hypertension, use of medication, or measured blood pressure ≥140/90mmHg). We also examined the association between length of U.S. residency among Black immigrants and hypertension. Results: Nearly half (48%) of US-born Blacks and 31% of immigrant Blacks had hypertension. Black immigrants were 42.4% less likely (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.46, 0.72) to have hypertension than their U.S.-born counterparts. Length of U.S. residency was not associated with hypertension among Black immigrants. Conclusions: The likelihood of hypertension differs for immigrants versus U.S.-born Blacks. Considering place of birth among U.S. Blacks in epidemiological and public health research studies may help accurately characterize health disparities and develop targeted interventions to effectively address hypertension in this population.
Urinary Reflux Into the Prostate Gland and Seminal Vesicles
Authors: Turkay Hekimsoy, Gozde Daglioz Gorur, Serkan Isgoren, Hande Uslu, Hakan Demir
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract A 64-year-old man with lung cancer underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT for restaging, which demonstrated intense 18 F-FDG uptake in the right lobe of prostate gland and seminal vesicles, indicating a potential prostate cancer. In 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT, intense uptake in the right lobe of prostate gland and seminal vesicles was also observed but decreased in postmictional delayed images. Magnetic resonance imaging showed high signal intensity of urine in the same areas of uptakes. 18 F-FDG and 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT findings in the prostate gland and seminal vesicles were considered to be a result of urinary reflux possibly because of the patient’s previous transurethral resection.
PROCEEDINGS OF AMERICAN RHEUMATISM ASSOCIATION, ATLANTIC CITY, JUNE 8, 1942*
Authors: Paul L. Boisvert, M. Henry Dawson, Francis F. Schwentker, James D. Trask
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Excerpt Epidemic rheumatic fever is not a new disease but it does have especial importance in times, such as these, when large numbers of men are concentrated in military cantonments. The term, epi...
Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Functional Somatic Disorders: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Allan Abbass, Joel Town, Hannah Holmes, Patrick Luyten, Angela Cooper, Leo Russell, Mark A. Lumley, Howard Schubiner, Jenny Allinson, Denise Bernier, Celine De Meulemeester, Kurt Kroenke, Steve Kisely
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2020)

Introduction: Functionalsomatic disorders (FSD) are common and costly, thereby driving the need for the development of effective brief treatment options. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) is one candidate treatment method. Objective: To review and meta-analyze, where possible, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of STPP for FSD. Methods: Following a systematic search of the literature, we performed a meta-analysis of available RCT groups to determine the effects of STPP on a range of outcomes after treatment, and medium- and long-term follow-ups. Results: In meta-analyses of 17 RCTs, STPP significantly outperformed minimal treatment, treatment as usual, or waiting list controls on somatic symptom measures at all time frames, with small to large magnitude effect sizes. Descriptive reviews of 5 RCTs suggest that STPP performed at least as well as other bona fide psychological therapies. Limitations of this meta-analysis include small samples of studies and possible publication bias. Conclusions: STPP is a valid treatment option for diverse FSD conditions resulting in somatic symptom reductions that persist over time. STPP should be included in FSD treatment guidelines.
192P Strategies and results of oncofertility counselling in young breast cancer patients
Authors: J. Kufel-Grabowska, M. Litwiniuk, S. Marszałek, M. Górecki, M. Malinowska, J. Doś, A. Marszalek, W. Suchorska, M. Lesiak, E. Straburzynska-Migaj, A. Nowak, A. Bartczak-Rutkowska, M. Dudek, P. Nowaczyk, P. Jedrzejczak
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Clinical and virologic characteristics of the first 12 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States
Journal: Nature Medicine (2020)

Data on the detailed clinical progression of COVID-19 in conjunction with epidemiological and virological characteristics are limited. In this case series, we describe the first 12 US patients confirmed to have COVID-19 from 20 January to 5 February 2020, including 4 patients described previously1–3. Respiratory, stool, serum and urine specimens were submitted for SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) testing, viral culture and whole genome sequencing. Median age was 53 years (range: 21–68); 8 patients were male. Common symptoms at illness onset were cough (n = 8) and fever (n = 7). Patients had mild to moderately severe illness; seven were hospitalized and demonstrated clinical or laboratory signs of worsening during the second week of illness. No patients required mechanical ventilation and all recovered. All had SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in respiratory specimens, typically for 2–3 weeks after illness onset. Lowest real-time PCR with reverse transcription cycle threshold values in the upper respiratory tract were often detected in the first week and SARS-CoV-2 was cultured from early respiratory specimens. These data provide insight into the natural history of SARS-CoV-2. Although infectiousness is unclear, highest viral RNA levels were identified in the first week of illness. Clinicians should anticipate that some patients may worsen in the second week of illness. Detailed clinical and virologic characteristics of the first 12 individuals with COVID-19 in the United States from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Re: Giuseppe Simone, Umberto Anceschi, Gabriele Tuderti, et al. Robot-assisted Partial Adrenalectomy for the Treatment of Conn’s Syndrome: Surgical Technique, and Perioperative and Functional Outcomes. Eur Urol 2019;75:811–6
Authors: Mutlu Ates, Yigit Akin
Journal: European Urology (2020)
Impact of recent heart failure hospitalization on clinical outcomes in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: an analysis from the <scp>PARTNER</scp> 2 trial and registries
Authors: Shmuel Chen, Bjorn Redfors, Aaron Crowley, Ori Ben‐Yehuda, Matthew Summers, Rebecca T. Hahn, Wael A. Jaber, Philippe Pibarot, Maria C. Alu, Katherine H. Chau, Samir Kapadia, Tamim Nazif, Torsten P. Vahl, Vinod Thourani, Susheel Kodali, Martin Leon
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2020)
Sinusitis in Children
Authors: Jane F. Desforges, Ellen R. Wald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

UPPER respiratory tract infections are the most common clinical problems for primary practitioners who care for children. It has recently been estimated that approximately 5 to 10 percent of upper respiratory infections in early childhood are complicated by acute sinusitis.1 Since children average six to eight colds per year, sinusitis is a very common problem in clinical practice.Anatomy and PhysiologyA brief review of the anatomy and physiology of the paranasal sinuses will help clarify certain clinical features of sinus infection. Figure 1 shows a coronal and two sagittal views demonstrating the relation between the nose and the paranasal sinuses. The . . .
Laboratory misdiagnosis of von Willebrand disease in <scp>post‐menarchal</scp> females: A <scp>multi‐center</scp> study
Authors: Julie Jaffray, Janice M. Staber, Jemily Malvar, Robert Sidonio, Kristina M. Haley, Amy Stillings, Angela Weyand, Kerry Hege, Shilpa Jain, Sweta Gupta, Caroline Agnew, Allison Wheeler, Anjali Pawar, Mukta Sharma, Meera Chitlur, Sarah H. OʼBrien, Peter Kouides
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2020)

Increased awareness of von Willebrand Disease (VWD) has led to more frequent diagnostic laboratory testing, which insurers often dictate be performed at a facility with off-site laboratory processing, instead of a coagulation facility with onsite processing. Off-site processing is more prone to preanalytical variables causing falsely low levels of von Willebrand Factor (VWF) due to the additional transport required. Our aim was to determine the percentage of discordance between off-site and onsite specimen processing for VWD in this multicenter, retrospective study. We enrolled females aged 12 to 50 years who had off-site specimen processing for VWF assays, and repeat testing performed at a consulting institution with onsite coagulation phlebotomy and processing. A total of 263 females from 17 institutions were included in the analysis. There were 251 subjects with both off-site and onsite VWF antigen (VWF:Ag) processing with 96 (38%) being low off-site and 56 (22%) low onsite; 223 subjects had VWF ristocetin co-factor (VWF:RCo), 122 (55%) were low off-site and 71 (32%) were low onsite. Similarly, 229 subjects had a Factor VIII (FVIII) assay, and 67 (29%) were low off-site with less than half, 29 (13%) confirmed low with onsite processing. Higher proportions of patients demonstrated low VWF:Ag, VWF:RCo, and/or FVIII with off-site processing compared to onsite (McNemar's test P-value <.0005, for all assays). These results emphasize the need to decrease delays from sample procurement to processing for VWF assays. The VWF assays should ideally be collected and processed at the same site under the guidance of a hematologist.