tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Eddie Josse: forensic and educational polymath
Authors: John Illman
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Credit: Craig Hibbert/ Daily Mail/Solopix

Edouard “Eddie” Josse was Britain’s longest serving police surgeon until his retirement, five years ago at the age of 82. Also a one time BMA negotiator and all round forensic and educational polymath, he was renowned for his resounding laugh, kindness, and incisive mind. He worked until November 2019 and was to have helped to run a chest clinic at the North Middlesex University Hospital on the day that he became an inpatient at the Royal Free Hospital.

Police Commissioner Bernard Hogan-Howe thanked Josse personally for his 50 years with the Met. A former president of the Association of Police Surgeons, Josse subsequently remained in demand as an expert witness, especially in drink driving cases. His wide ranging expertise included police custody and detention, assault, drug testing, and medical competence and negligence.

In one famous case he took samples from a sexual assault in 1984. The police initially …
AAV9-Mediated Expression of SMN Restricted to Neurons Does Not Rescue the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Phenotype in Mice
Authors: Aurore Besse, Stephanie Astord, Thibaut Marais, Marianne Roda, Benoit Giroux, François-Xavier Lejeune, Frederic Relaix, Piera Smeriglio, Martine Barkats, Maria Grazia Biferi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2020)
EUS-GUIDED FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION (EUS-FNA) IN SOLID PANCREATIC LESIONS WITH 2 PASSES IS EQUAL TO 3 PASSES IN COLLECTING ADEQUATE SAMPLE FOR DIAGNOSIS
Authors: S Dimitriadis, M Tadic, P Turcic, T Stoos-Veic, K Miltiadou, E Koukoulioti, D Lazaridis, P Gkolfakis, K Triantafyllou, A Vezakis, A Polydorou, I Papanikolaou
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims EUS-FNA has been established as the standard for tissue sampling in solid pancreatic lesions. According to ESGE guidelines three or four needle passes are needed to achieve adequate sampling in >90% of cases in the absence of on-site cytologic evaluation. However, this suggestion is based on low-quality evidence and the ‘perfect’ number of passes is still a matter of discussion. From our historical records, even two passes can suffice for adequate tissue sampling. Thus, the aim of our study was to assess the yield of adequate material when two or three needle passes are performed and to compare these two strategies in terms of incremental tissue yield.
A deep learning algorithm to detect chronic kidney disease from retinal photographs in community-based populations
Authors: Charumathi Sabanayagam, Dejiang Xu, Daniel S W Ting, Simon Nusinovici, Riswana Banu, Haslina Hamzah, Cynthia Lim, Yih-Chung Tham, Carol Y Cheung, E Shyong Tai, Ya Xing Wang, Jost B Jonas, Ching-Yu Cheng, Mong Li Lee, Wynne Hsu, Tien Y Wong
Journal: The Lancet Digital Health (2020)

BackgroundScreening for chronic kidney disease is a challenge in community and primary care settings, even in high-income countries. We developed an artificial intelligence deep learning algorithm (DLA) to detect chronic kidney disease from retinal images, which could add to existing chronic kidney disease screening strategies.MethodsWe used data from three population-based, multiethnic, cross-sectional studies in Singapore and China. The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases study (SEED, patients aged ≥40 years) was used to develop (5188 patients) and validate (1297 patients) the DLA. External testing was done on two independent datasets: the Singapore Prospective Study Program (SP2, 3735 patients aged ≥25 years) and the Beijing Eye Study (BES, 1538 patients aged ≥40 years). Chronic kidney disease was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min per 1·73m2. Three models were trained: 1) image DLA; 2) risk factors (RF) including age, sex, ethnicity, diabetes, and hypertension; and 3) hybrid DLA combining image and RF. Model performances were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).FindingsIn the SEED validation dataset, the AUC was 0·911 for image DLA (95% CI 0·886 −0·936), 0·916 for RF (0·891–0·941), and 0·938 for hybrid DLA (0·917–0·959). Corresponding estimates in the SP2 testing dataset were 0·733 for image DLA (95% CI 0·696–0·770), 0·829 for RF (0·797–0·861), and 0·810 for hybrid DLA (0·776–0·844); and in the BES testing dataset estimates were 0·835 for image DLA (0·767–0·903), 0·887 for RF (0·828–0·946), and 0·858 for hybrid DLA (0·794–0·922). AUC estimates were similar in subgroups of people with diabetes (image DLA 0·889 [95% CI 0·850–0·928], RF 0·899 [0·862–0·936], hybrid 0·925 [0·893–0·957]) and hypertension (image DLA 0·889 [95% CI 0·860–0·918], RF 0·889 [0·860–0·918], hybrid 0·918 [0·893–0·943]).InterpretationA retinal image DLA shows good performance for estimating chronic kidney disease, underlying the feasibility of using retinal photography as an adjunctive or opportunistic screening tool for chronic kidney disease in community populations.FundingNational Medical Research Council, Singapore.
ENDOSCOPIC DILATATION OF OESOPHAGEAL PEPTIC STRICTURES: PREDICTING FACTORS OF REFRACTORY STRICTURES ESOPHAGEAL
Authors: FZ Hamdoun, N Lahmidani, M Lahlali, A Lamine, H Abid, M El Yousfi, M Abkari, A Ibrahimi, D-A Benajah
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims The aim of the work is to evaluate the factors predicting the occurrence of refractory oesophageal strictures.
Risk factors for viral RNA shedding in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Yu Fu, Ping Han, Rui Zhu, Tao Bai, Jianhua Yi, Xi Zhao, Meihui Tao, Runze Quan, Chaoyue Chen, Ying Zhang, Qin He, Mengjia Jing, Xiaofeng Xiong, Dean Tian, Wei Yan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>The median time of SARS-CoV-2 viral</b><b>RNA shedding was 19 days. Patients with coronary heart disease comorbidity or decreased albumin levels experienced delays in clearance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA.</b>https://bit.ly/2zjQu64
303. Impaired Nuclear Transport and Virus Uncoating Limit Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus 2 Vector-Mediated Transduction of Primary Murine Hematopoietic Cells
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

The transduction efficiency of adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV) vectors varies greatly in different cells and tissues. Whereas muscle and brain cells are transduced efficiently, controversies abound regarding hematopoietic cell transduction by AAV vectors. For human hematopoietic cells, we documented this problem to be related to the extent of AAV receptor expression (J. Virol., 71: 8262–8267, 1997). Murine hematopoietic cells express the receptor, yet are transduced poorly. Using a murine fibroblast cell line, we reported that the lack of transduction was due to inefficient intracellular trafficking of AAV from cytosol into the nucleus (J. Virol., 74: 992–996, 2000), and that treatment with hydroxyurea (HU) facilitated nuclear transport of AAV in these cells (J. Virol., 75: 4080–4090, 2001). In the present studies, we extended these observations to primitive murine hematopoietic cells. Murine c-kit+, lin− hematopoietic cells were transduced with recombinant AAV-lacZ vectors. Forty-eight hrs. post-transduction, nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions were isolated and low Mr DNA samples extracted from these fractions were analyzed on Southern blots. Approximately 85% of AAV genomes were present in the cytoplasmic fraction. However, when donor mice were injected intra-peritoneally with HU at 1 mg/g body weight, 24 hrs. prior to isolation of cells, the extent of AAV genomes detected in the cytoplasmic fraction was reduced to ~40%, with a corresponding increase in the nuclear fraction, which increased to ~60%, indicating that in vivo administration of HU facilitated nuclear transport of AAV. However, when DNA samples were electrophoresed on denaturing gels and analyzed on Southern blots, it was apparent that a significant fraction of the AAV genome present in the nuclear fraction from cells obtained from HU-treated mice was single-stranded. We tested the hypothesis whether single-stranded genomes were derived from virions that failed to undergo uncoating in the nucleus. Primitive hematopoietic cells, with and without HU-administration in vivo, were transduced with recombinant AAV-lacZ vectors, and 48-hrs. post-transduction, equivalent fractions were either mock-treated, or digested exhaustively with DNase I, and analyzed on DNA slot-blots using a lacZ probe. Whereas majority of the signal, which was resistant to DNase I, was detected in the cytoplasmic fraction in cells obtained from untreated mice, as expected, a substantial fraction of the signal in the nuclear fraction in cells obtained from HU-treated mice was also resistant to DNase I, suggesting that although HU facilitated nuclear transport of AAV, most of the virions failed to undergo uncoating, thereby leading to only a partial improvement in viral second-strand DNA synthesis and transgene expression. Thus, the identification of a yet another obstacle — virus uncoating — has implications in the optimal use of recombinant AAV vectors in hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy.
COVID-19 and Financial Vulnerability: What Health Care Organizations and Society Owe Each Other
Authors: Thomas D. Harter, Ana Iltis, Maria C. Clay, Mark Aulisio
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2020)

We expand on the article Ethical Challenges Arising in the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Overview from the Association of Bioethics Program Directors (ABPD) Task Force to consider what health care organiza...
Diabetes, Blood Lipids, and the Role of Obesity in Coronary Heart Disease Risk for Women
Authors: Tavia Gordon, William P. Castelli, Marthana C. Hjortland, William B. Kannel, Thomas R. Dawber
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Abstract Diabetes and a low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level are associated with each other and with a higher coronary heart disease risk in women. Moreover, both are strongly associated ...
High SARS-CoV-2 Attack Rate Following Exposure at a Choir Practice — Skagit County, Washington, March 2020
Authors: Lea Hamner, Polly Dubbel, Ian Capron, Andy Ross, Amber Jordan, Jaxon Lee, Joanne Lynn, Amelia Ball, Simranjit Narwal, Sam Russell, Dale Patrick, Howard Leibrand
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

a member of a Skagit County, Washington, choir informed Skagit County Public Health (SCPH) that several members of the 122-member choir had become ill.Three persons, two from Skagit County and one from another area, had test results positive for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 .Another 25 persons had compatible symptoms.SCPH obtained the choir's member list and began an investigation on March 18.Among 61 persons who attended a March 10 choir practice at which one person was known to be symptomatic, 53 cases were identified, including 33 confirmed and 20 probable cases (secondary attack rates of 53.3% among confirmed cases and 86.7% among all cases).Three of the 53 persons who became ill were hospitalized (5.7%), and two died (3.7%).The 2.5-hour singing practice provided several opportunities for droplet and fomite transmission, including members sitting close to one another, sharing snacks, and stacking chairs at the end of the practice.The act of singing, itself, might have contributed to transmission through emission of aerosols, which is affected by loudness of vocalization (1).Certain persons, known as superemitters, who release more aerosol particles during speech than do their peers, might have contributed to this and previously reported COVID-19 superspreading events (2-5).These data demonstrate the high transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 and the possibility of superemitters contributing to broad transmission in certain unique activities and circumstances.It is recommended that persons avoid face-to-face contact with others, not gather in groups, avoid crowded places, maintain physical distancing of at least 6 feet to reduce transmission, and wear cloth face coverings in public settings where other social distancing measures are difficult to maintain.
ESOPHAGEAL BALLOON DILATATION AND STENTING UNDER DIRECT VISION FOR IMPASSABLE MALIGNANT STRICTURES: A SINGLE CENTRE EXPERIENCE
Authors: A Abbasi, U Kamran, N Tehami
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims To evaluate the safety & efficacy of the combined technique of balloon dilatation & placement of self expandable metallic stents (SEMS) in patients with malignant impassable esophageal obstruction under direct vision.
ANALYSING OUTCOMES FROM ELECTIVE COLONIC STENTING FOR COLORECTAL CANCER AT A DISTRICT GENERAL HOSPITAL
Authors: D Mohandas, A Sinha, S Tewari, MM San, R Mead, S Greenfield, D Rowlands
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Methods In this retrospective study, cases of elective colonic stenting for Colorectal cancer over a 4 year period from 1/12/2015 to 1/12/2019 were identified via CIPTS (Delian system)an online database of endoscopy procedures.For identified patients,further demographics(age,sex) and outcome measures relating to procedure complications,30day mortality, intervention location and types of stent used were also collected.
Rapid reviews for rapid decision-making during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, Norway, 2020
Authors: Atle Fretheim, Kjetil G Brurberg, Frode Forland
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

In response to urgent needs for updated evidence for decision-making on various aspects related to coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the Norwegian Institute of Public Health established a rapid review team. Using simplified processes and shortcuts, this team produces summary reviews on request within 1–3 days that inform advice provided by the institute. All reviews are published with explicit messages about the risk of overlooking key evidence or making misguided judgements by using such rapid processes.
THE PREVALENCE OF PATHOLOGICAL ACID REFLUX AND ASSOCIATED SEQUELAE FOLLOWING PER-ORAL ENDOSCOPIC MYOTOMY: A SINGLE CENTRE EXPERIENCE
Authors: M Patel, S Gulati, N Gunasingam, S Williams, H Amyn, BH Hayee
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Per-oral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) is an effective treatment for achalasia with outcomes comparable to Heller’s myotomy. However, the development of pathological acid reflux and subsequent Barrett’s oesophagus or malignancy is a subject of controversy. This study aims to determine the prevalence of acid reflux and associated sequelae following POEM for the treatment of achalasia.
IMPACT OF CYST FLUID GNAS AND KRAS MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS ON PANCREATIC CYST CATEGORIZATION IN PATIENTS EVALUATED BY EUS-FNA: A SINGLE-CENTER EXPERIENCE OF 103 PATIENTS
Authors: A Ginès, G Fernández-Esparrach, O Sendino, C Sánchez-Montes, IK Araujo, M Cuatrecasas, C Montironi, M Domínguez-Fraile, S Castellví, F Balaguer, EC Vaquero
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Preoperative categorization of pancreatic cysts (PC) is hampered by lack of accurate imaging and ancillary markers. Somatic mutations in KRAS and GNAS in cystic fluid are specific for mucinous PC (mPC).
IMAGE ENHANCED ENDOSCOPY FOR PRENEOPLASTIC CONDITIONS AND NEOPLASTIC GASTRIC LESIONS
Authors: MR Carrasco, G Esposito, D Libânio, P Pimentel-Nunes, M Dinis-Ribeiro
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Image Enhanced Endoscopy (IEE) improves the accuracy of endoscopic diagnosis. The majority of studies evaluated NBI technology with favourable results. However, there is a lack of evidence concerning the diagnostic accuracy of other technologies, and standardisation of mucosal patterns for some preneoplastic conditions. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of available IEE technologies for gastric preneoplastic conditions and neoplastic lesions.
FULL THICKNESS RESECTION DEVICE (FTRD) DISPLACEMENT AS A CAUSE OF DELAYED PERFORATION: WHEN COLONOSCOPY IS SAFE?
Authors: S Cocca, H Bertani, G Grande, S Russo, A Caruso, S Mangiafico, F Pigò, R Conigliaro
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Endoscopic full thickness resection (EFTR) yields excellent resection rates for benign recurrent adenomas with non-lifting sign, submucosal lesions which are not amenable of standard endoscopic resection and advanced histopathological lesions in patients unfit for surgery. The FTRD is the only commercially available over-the-scope device designed for EFTR with a one-step clip-and-cut technique. The major complications are bleeding and perforation that appears to be mostly related to an incomplete closure of the FTRD.
Development and in vivo evaluation of Irinotecan-loaded Drug Eluting Seeds (iDES) for the localised treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Matthew Gawley, Lorna Almond, Senam Daniel, Sarah Lastakchi, Sharnjit Kaur, Allah Detta, Garth Cruickshank, Ryan Miller, Shawn Hingtgen, Kevin Sheets, Christopher McConville
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2020)
ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND-GUIDED GASTRO-ENTERIC ANASTOMOSIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: G Antonelli, B Kovacevic, JG Karsensten, E Kalaitzakis, G Vanella, C Hassan, P Vilmann
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Endoscopic-ultrasound (EUS)-guided gastro-enteric anastomosis using lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) is emerging as an alternative, minimally-invasive therapy for treating gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), as well as restoring bowel continuity in patients with surgically altered anatomy. Literature on this subject is heterogeneous, with variable reporting of techniques and outcomes.
Base resolution epigenomic analysis reveals a role for Tet2 in modulating enhancer activity
Authors: G Hon, Song C-X., F Jin, S Selvaraj, A Y Lee, Yen C-A., Z Ye, Mao S-Q., Wang B-A., S Kuan, L Edsall, B S Zhao, Xu G-L., C He, B Ren
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)
Diet and nutrition.
Authors: J Griffin
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1997)

Diet and nutritionThe Olympic training camps held in Tallahassee, Florida, in the summers of 1994 and 1995 provided an opportunity to formulate a rehydration, nutrition, and acclimatisation strategy for the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta.The 1994 camp was used to begin educating athletes about the heat and humidity that they might expect to experience in Atlanta in 1996, the effect these conditions might have on performance, and the steps they might take to limit these effects.Building on the experiences of 1994, the camp the following year developed strategies for specific sports and individuals for 1996.At these camps the sports dieticians and nutrition- ists had proactive roles, but at the 1996 camp in Tallahassee before the Games and at the Games themselves this role became a more reactive one. 1994Olympic training camps Two multisport camps were held in Tallahassee during 31 May-17 June and 13-28 July 1994.Three sports dieticians/nutritionists appointed by the British Olympic Association (BOA) attended the first camp and two the second camp.Each was allocated to work with specific squads throughout each camp.This was determined by a number of factors, including the length of stay of each squad, the number of athletes in each squad, the actual time required to meet the demands of each squad, and the previous experiences that the sports dieticians/ nutritionists had of working with specific squads.The work was undertaken in a variety of ways: * Presenting at multidisciplinary lectures to the whole camp on acclimatisation * Running group seminars and workshops with indi- vidual squads * Undertaking individual dietary counselling * Undertaking individual dietary analysis using the Comcard dietary programme * Monitoring weight loss and fluid intake at training ses- sions * Developing a food labelling system in the dining room based on the system used at the 1992 Barcelona Olym-
In utero exposure to systemic antibiotics vs reference penicillins was not linked to congenital malformations
Authors: Eleftheria Atalla, Eleftherios Mylonakis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Damkier P, Brønniche LM, Korch-Frandsen JF, Broe A. In utero exposure to antibiotics and risk of congenital malformations: a population-based study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;221:648.e1-648.e15. 31260651.
Covid-19 pandemic has derailed progress on sustainable development goals, says WHO
Authors: Jacqui Thornton
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The rate of progress towards the United Nations’ sustainable development goals is too slow and is being further “thrown off track” by the covid-19 pandemic, the World Health Organization has said.

The warning came from Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO director general, as the agency published the 2020 edition of its annual World Health Statistics,1 reporting progress against a series of key health and service indicators.

In 2015 the United Nations adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which includes 17 goals with 169 targets.2 With only a decade to the deadline, the latest report shows that life expectancy and healthy life expectancy have increased, but unequally.

The biggest gains were reported in low income countries, which saw life expectancy rise by 21% (11 years) between 2000 and 2016, compared with an increase of 4% (3 …
Metabolic shift favoring C18:0 ceramide accumulation in obese asthma
Authors: Youngwoo Choi, Minji Kim, Su Jung Kim, Hyun‐Ju Yoo, Seung‐Hyun Kim, Hae‐Sim Park
Journal: Allergy (2020)

Abstract Background Obesity associated with various complications has increased worldwide. Body weight gain alters lipid metabolites (especially sphingolipids) contributing to obesity‐induced inflammation. However, the significance of the metabolites in the development of obese asthma is not yet clear. Methods The serum levels of sphingolipids were measured using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry in obese controls (n = 7) and patients with asthma: the obese group (BMI &gt; 25 kg/m 2 , n = 13) vs the nonobese (n = 28) group. To examine the relationship between metabolic changes in sphingolipids and macrophage polarization, public microarray data were analyzed. In addition, the alteration in sphingolipid metabolism was investigated in wild‐type BALB/c mice fed a high‐fat diet. Results The obese asthma had higher levels of serum C18:0 and C20:0 ceramides than the nonobese asthma group ( P = .028 and P = .040, respectively). The value of the serum C18:0 ceramide (184.3 ng/mL) for discriminating the obese asthma from the nonobese asthma group showed 53.9% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity (AUC = 0.721, P = .024). The microarray data showed significantly increased ceramide synthesis and metabolic shift to ceramide accumulation during M1 macrophage polarization in humans. Increased airway hyperresponsiveness, M1 macrophage polarization, and C18:0 ceramide levels were noted in obese mice, but not in nonobese mice. Increased expression of ceramide synthase (CerS) 1 and CerS6 (not CerS2) was noted in lung tissues of obese mice. Conclusion Alteration in sphingolipid metabolism favoring ceramide accumulation (especially long‐chain ceramides) may contribute to developing obese asthma.
Non-hyperaemic coronary pressure measurements to guide coronary interventions
Authors: Tim P. van de Hoef, Joo Myung Lee, Mauro Echavarria-Pinto, Bon-Kwon Koo, Hitoshi Matsuo, Manesh R. Patel, Justin E. Davies, Javier Escaned, Jan J. Piek
Journal: Nature Reviews Cardiology (2020)
Abstract 10037: Machine Learning Predicts Cardiovascular Risk and Cost Burden After Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Luiz Sergio F Carvalho, Silvio Gioppato, Marta D Fernandez, Bernardo C Trindade, Jose Carlos Quinaglia e Silva, Rebeca G Miranda, Sandra Avila, Andrei Sposito
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: While mortality rates due to acute coronary syndromes (ACS) declined in last decades, overall expenditure has increased by an inverse ratio. Traditional risk scores improved the defin...