tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How much emollient and steroid cream do eczema patients use, and the link between depression and steroid cream use
Authors: J.Y. Choi, R. Dawe, S. Ibbotson, C. Fleming, A. Doney, J. Foerster
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Atopic dermatitis (AD), often known simply as eczema, is a widespread condition, affecting between 15‐25% of children and between 4‐7% of adults worldwide. AD causes dry and itchy skin, and for many is a life‐long affliction. AD varies enormously, fluctuating between mild and severe in many patients. Twice daily and generous application of moisturisers (called “emollients”), as well as steroid‐containing creams applied to inflamed skin areas, can help to treat AD. For this reason, guidelines recommend the use of a pint‐sized tub of emollients per week. However, it is unknown how much moisturiser and steroid creams patients actually use. In order to find this out, researchers from the U.K. analysed electronic pharmacy dispensing records, which show how much of a medication patients are using. The most important findings were as follows: First, most patients in fact only use tiny amounts of moisturisers ‐ less than a third of a standard toothpaste tube (17 gram), for what should cover their entire body twice daily. Second, the use of steroid creams does not, on the whole, exceed guideline recommendations, which is reassuring. Third, there is a strong association between the use of steroid creams and treatment for depression. Thus, the number of patients requiring regular antidepressant treatment is almost double among patients requiring high amounts of steroid creams (50 gram or more per month) compared to those using lower amounts. This finding confirms previous suggestions of a link between currently having depression and more severe AD. Importantly, the findings highlight an urgent need for increased use of moisturisers, and that mental health may impact more heavily than thought on AD severity. This is a summary of the study: Quantitative analysis of topical treatments in atopic dermatitis: unexpectedly low use of emollients and strong correlation of topical corticosteroid use both with depression and concurrent asthma
Covid-19: UK government writes off £13.4bn of hospital debts to ease pressures
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Over 100 NHS hospitals have had a combined £13.4bn (€15.25bn; $16.48bn) in historical debts written off by the government to help them respond to the covid-19 pandemic.

The move, effective from 1 April, was announced by England’s health secretary, Matt Hancock, on 2 April as part of a wider package of measures designed to give trusts financial support during the pandemic and help them achieve longer term commitments to become financially sustainable.

This package, agreed with NHS England, includes a simpler internal payment system to help NHS trusts deal more easily with their response to covid-19. Hospitals will continue to …
Quasi-isothermal modulated DSC as a valuable characterisation method for soft tissue biomaterial crosslinking reactions
Authors: K. Joyce, S. Rahmani, Y. Rochev
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2020)

Glutaraldehyde (Glut) is an extensively used sterilant and fixative for the crosslinking of natural soft tissue biomaterials like bovine pericardium (BP) to provide stability and is required for its application in vivo. There is plenty of debate around the reaction mechanism of Glut with natural biomaterials. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a commonly used technique that is typically used to measure the thermal profile of polymers. However, a variation known as quasi-isothermal modulated differential scanning calorimetry (QiMDSC) has been utilised for the analysis of polymorphic transformations in both the pharmaceutical and food industries. This communication will address QiMDSC as a method for analysing soft tissue biomaterials and their crosslinking mechanisms and how it can be applied to other biomaterial applications.
Covid-19 pandemic: a public and global mental health opportunity for social transformation?
Authors: Ayesha Ahmad, Christoph Mueller, Konstantinos Tsamakis
Journal: BMJ (2020)

We know from analysing conflict and post-conflict transitions that such crises can pose as an opportunity for social transformation.1 Given the humanitarian challenges of the ongoing pandemic, we think that covid-19 needs a public mental health focus. Covid-19 is the first major pandemic of our generation,2 and we must seek the hidden opportunities to …
Association of Parental Preconception Exposure to Phthalates and Phthalate Substitutes With Preterm Birth
Authors: Yu Zhang, Vicente Mustieles, Jennifer Yland, Joseph M. Braun, Paige L. Williams, Jill A. Attaman, Jennifer B. Ford, Antonia M. Calafat, Russ Hauser, Carmen Messerlian
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Although phthalate exposure during pregnancy has been associated with preterm birth, the association of preconception exposure in either parent with preterm birth constitutes a knowledge gap. To examine the association of paternal and maternal preconception urinary concentrations of biomarkers of phthalates and phthalate substitutes with singleton preterm birth. This study, conducted at an academic fertility center in Boston, Massachusetts, included a prospective preconception cohort of subfertile couples comprising 419 mothers and 229 fathers and their 420 live-born singleton offspring born between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2018. Statistical analysis was performed from August 1 to October 31, 2019. Urinary concentrations of metabolites of phthalates and phthalate substitutes obtained before conception. Gestational age was abstracted from delivery records and validated using the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines for births after medically assisted reproduction. The risk ratio (RR) of preterm birth (live birth before 37 completed weeks' gestation) was estimated in association with urinary concentrations of 11 individual phthalate metabolites, the molar sum of 4 di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (ΣDEHP) metabolites, and 2 metabolites of 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH, a nonphthalate plasticizer substitute) using modified Poisson regression models adjusted for covariates. The mean (SD) age of the 419 mothers was 34.7 (4.0) years, the mean (SD) age of the 229 fathers was 36.0 (4.5) years, and the mean (SD) gestational age of the 420 singleton children (217 boys) was 39.3 (1.7) weeks, with 34 (8%) born preterm. In adjusted models, maternal preconception ΣDEHP concentrations (RR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.09-2.06; P = .01) and cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid monohydroxy isononyl ester (MHiNCH, a metabolite of DINCH) concentrations (RR, 1.70; 95% CI, 0.89-3.24; P = .11) were associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. After additional adjustment for prenatal ΣDEHP or MHiNCH concentrations, the association of maternal preconception exposure to ΣDEHP and preterm birth remained robust (RR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.17-2.44; P = .006), while the association of maternal preconception exposure to MHiNCH and preterm birth was attenuated (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.49-2.81; P = .72). The remaining urinary metabolites examined in either parent showed no association with preterm birth. In this prospective cohort of subfertile couples, maternal preconception exposure to ΣDEHP metabolites was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. The results suggest that female exposure to select phthalate plasticizers during the preconception period may be a potential risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes, which may need to be considered in preconception care strategies.
BowelScope: Accuracy of Detection Using Endocuff Optimisation of Mucosal Abnormalities (the B-ADENOMA Study): a multicentre, randomised controlled flexible sigmoidoscopy trial
Authors: Colin J Rees, Andrew Brand, Wee Sing Ngu, Clive Stokes, Zoe Hoare, Nicola Totton, Pradeep Bhandari, Linda Sharp, Alexandra Bastable, Matthew D Rutter, Ajay Mark Verma, Thomas J Lee, Martin Walls
Journal: Gut (2020)

Adenoma detection rate (ADR) is an important quality marker at lower GI endoscopy. Higher ADRs are associated with lower postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer rates. The English flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) screening programme (BowelScope), offers a one-off FS to individuals aged 55 years. However, variation in ADR exists. Large studies have demonstrated improved ADR using Endocuff Vision (EV) within colonoscopy screening, but there are no studies within FS. We sought to test the effect of EV on ADR in a national FS screening population.BowelScope: Accuracy of Detection Using ENdocuff Optimisation of Mucosal Abnormalities was a multicentre, randomised controlled trial involving 16 English BowelScope screening centres. Individuals were randomised to Endocuff Vision-assisted BowelScope (EAB) or Standard BowelScope (SB). ADR, polyp detection rate (PDR), mean adenomas per procedure (MAP), polyp characteristics and location, participant experience, procedural time and adverse events were measured. Comparison of ADR within the trial with national BowelScope ADR was also undertaken.3222 participants were randomised (53% male) to receive EAB (n=1610) or SB (n=1612). Baseline demographics were comparable between arms. ADR in the EAB arm was 13.3% and that in the SB arm was 12.2% (p=0.353). No statistically significant differences were found in PDR, MAP, polyp characteristics or location, participant experience, complications or procedural characteristics. ADR in the SB control arm was 3.1% higher than the national ADR.EV did not improve BowelScope ADR when compared with SB. ADR in both arms was higher than the national ADR. Where detection rates are already high, EV is unable to improve detection further.NCT03072472, ISRCTN30005319 and CPMS ID 33224.
Viral Fitness Determines the Magnitude of Transcriptomic and Epigenomic Reprograming of Defense Responses in Plants
Authors: Régis L Corrêa, Alejandro Sanz-Carbonell, Zala Kogej, Sebastian Y Müller, Silvia Ambrós, Sara López-Gomollón, Gustavo Gómez, David C Baulcombe, Santiago F Elena
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2020)

Abstract Although epigenetic factors may influence the expression of defense genes in plants, their role in antiviral responses and the impact of viral adaptation and evolution in shaping these interactions are still poorly explored. We used two isolates of turnip mosaic potyvirus with varying degrees of adaptation to Arabidopsis thaliana to address these issues. One of the isolates was experimentally evolved in the plant and presented increased load and virulence relative to the ancestral isolate. The magnitude of the transcriptomic responses was larger for the evolved isolate and indicated a role of innate immunity systems triggered by molecular patterns and effectors in the infection process. Several transposable elements located in different chromatin contexts and epigenetic-related genes were also affected. Correspondingly, mutant plants having loss or gain of repressive marks were, respectively, more tolerant and susceptible to turnip mosaic potyvirus, with a more efficient response against the ancestral isolate. In wild-type plants, both isolates induced similar levels of cytosine methylation changes, including in and around transposable elements and stress-related genes. Results collectively suggested that apart from RNA silencing and basal immunity systems, DNA methylation and histone modification pathways may also be required for mounting proper antiviral defenses and that the effectiveness of this type of regulation strongly depends on the degree of viral adaptation to the host.
A multidimensional systems biology analysis of cellular senescence in aging and disease
Authors: Roberto A. Avelar, Javier Gómez Ortega, Robi Tacutu, Eleanor J. Tyler, Dominic Bennett, Paolo Binetti, Arie Budovsky, Kasit Chatsirisupachai, Emily Johnson, Alex Murray, Samuel Shields, Daniela Tejada-Martinez, Daniel Thornton, Vadim E. Fraifeld, Cleo L. Bishop, João Pedro de Magalhães
Journal: Genome biology (2020)

Cellular senescence, a permanent state of replicative arrest in otherwise proliferating cells, is a hallmark of aging and has been linked to aging-related diseases. Many genes play a role in cellular senescence, yet a comprehensive understanding of its pathways is still lacking.
Abstract 13222: Advanced Glycation Endproduct Carboxymethyl-Lysine (CML) and Incident Heart Failure in Older Persons
Authors: Jorge R Kizer, Traci Bartz, Kenneth J Mukamal, Joachim H Ix, Luc Djousse, David S Siscovick, Russell P Tracy, Anne B Newman, John S Gottdiener, Calvin H Hirsch, Susan J Zieman
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) result from chemical modification of proteins under conditions of hyperglycemia or oxidative stress, such as occur in diabetes, chronic kidney dise...
Association between loop diuretic dose changes and outcomes in chronic heart failure: observations from the ESC‐EORP Heart Failure Long‐Term Registry
Authors: Chris J. Kapelios, Cécile Laroche, Maria G. Crespo‐Leiro, Stefan D. Anker, Andrew J.S. Coats, Beatria Díaz‐Molina, Gerasimos Filippatos, Mitja Lainscak, Aldo P. Maggioni, Theresa McDonagh, Alexandre Mebazaa, Marco Metra, Brenda Moura, Wilfried Mullens, Massimo F. Piepoli, Giuseppe M.C. Rosano, Frank Ruschitzka, Petar M. Seferovic, Lars H. Lund
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2020)
Anti-CD20-interferon-alpha fusion protein has superior in vivo activity against human B-cell lymphomas compared to rituximab and enhanced complement-dependent cytotoxicity in vitro.
Authors: Reiko E Yamada, Kristopher K Steward, Gataree Ngarmchamnanrith, Ryan K Trinh, Sanjay Khare, Raj Sachdev, Iqbal S Grewal, Sherie L Morrison, John Timmerman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

3024 Background: We previously reported an anti-CD20-interferon (IFN)-alpha fusion protein able to induce apoptosis and promote in vivo eradication of a human CD20-expressing mouse B cell lymphoma (Xuan et al, Blood 2010). We now report the activity of a recombinant anti-CD20-human IFNα fusion protein against human non-Hodgkin B cell lymphomas (NHL). Methods: Anti-CD20-hIFNα was evaluated against a panel of human Burkitt, diffuse large B cell (DLBCL), and mantle cell lymphoma cell lines. Proliferation was measured by [ 3 H]-thymidine, complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) by PI flow cytometry, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by LDH release using PBMC effectors. NHL xenografts were grown in SCID mice. Results: Anti-CD20-hIFNα induced stronger growth inhibition than rituximab, particularly against Burkitt and germinal center-type DLBCL NHLs. Tumor growth inhibition by anti-CD20-hIFNα was associated with substantial apoptosis in some cell lines. Anti-CD20-hIFNα exhibited potent ADCC activity against Daudi, Ramos, and Raji cells, identical to rituximab. Surprisingly, anti-CD20-hIFNα exhibited superior CDC compared to rituximab against Daudi, Ramos, and Raji cells, that was dependent upon linkage of IFNα to the anti-CD20 antibody, and correlated with improved complement fixation. Importantly, anti-CD20-hIFNα achieved superior efficacy compared to rituximab and control fusion protein against multiple NHL xenografts in SCID mice (Raji: p=0.002 and OCI-Ly19: p&lt;0.0001). At antibody doses at which Raji xenografts progressed through rituximab, anti-CD20-hIFNα eradicated 50-88% of established tumors. Non-targeted control fusion protein had only minor effects on tumor growth. Conclusions: Anti-CD20-hIFNα has stronger direct anti-proliferative and CDC activities than rituximab against human NHL while retaining potent ADCC activity, and also has the ability to eradicate established NHL xenografts in vivo. These results support the further development of anti-CD20-hIFNα for the treatment of B cell NHL, and a phase I first-in-human clinical trial is currently being planned.
Anisotropic active ligandations in siRNA-Loaded hybrid nanodiscs lead to distinct carcinostatic outcomes by regulating nano-bio interactions
Authors: Qing Chen, Guannan Guan, Feiyang Deng, Dan Yang, Peiyao Wu, Shuangming Kang, Ruimeng Sun, Xiaoyou Wang, Demin Zhou, Wenbing Dai, Xueqing Wang, Hua Zhang, Bing He, Dawei Chen, Qiang Zhang
Journal: Biomaterials (2020)
Timing of Endoscopy in Patients Hospitalized with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Loren Laine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Gastrointestinal bleeding is the most common gastrointestinal diagnosis among patients hospitalized in the United States.1 Most patients who are hospitalized with upper gastrointestinal bleeding undergo endoscopy, because endoscopic findings predict risk and guide management. However, the timing of endoscopy is controversial: the available evidence has been limited and generally of very low quality.2 Guidelines recommend that endoscopy be performed within 24 hours after presentation or admission2-4 for the overall group of patients who are hospitalized with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, given that observational studies indicate reductions in hospital stay,5,6 and possibly in surgery5 and mortality,7 when endoscopy is performed within 1 . . .
Nanoparticle Delivery of Proangiogenic Transcription Factors into the Neonatal Circulation Inhibits Alveolar Simplification Caused by Hyperoxia
Authors: Craig Bolte, Vladimir Ustiyan, Xiaomeng Ren, Andrew W. Dunn, Arun Pradhan, Guolun Wang, Olena A. Kolesnichenko, Zicheng Deng, Yufang Zhang, Donglu Shi, James M. Greenberg, Alan H. Jobe, Tanya V. Kalin, Vladimir V. Kalinichenko
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)

: Advances in neonatal critical care have greatly improved the survival of preterm infants, but the long-term complications of prematurity, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), cause mortality and morbidity later in life. Although VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) improves lung structure and function in rodent BPD models, severe side effects of VEGF therapy prevent its use in patients with BPD.
Built Environment, Physical Activity, and Obesity: Findings from the International Physical Activity and Environment Network (IPEN) Adult Study
Authors: James F. Sallis, Ester Cerin, Jacqueline Kerr, Marc A. Adams, Takemi Sugiyama, Lars B. Christiansen, Jasper Schipperijn, Rachel Davey, Deborah Salvo, Lawrence D. Frank, Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij, Neville Owen
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2020)

Creating more physical activity–supportive built environments is recommended by the World Health Organization for controlling noncommunicable diseases. The IPEN (International Physical Activity and Environment Network) Adult Study was undertaken to provide international evidence on associations of built environments with physical activity and weight status in 12 countries on 5 continents ( n &gt; 14,000). This article presents reanalyzed data from eight primary papers to identify patterns of findings across studies. Neighborhood environment attributes, whether measured objectively or by self-report, were strongly related to all physical activity outcomes (accelerometer-assessed total physical activity, reported walking for transport and leisure) and meaningfully related to overweight/obesity. Multivariable indexes of built environment variables were more strongly related to most outcomes than were single-environment variables. Designing activity-supportive built environments should be a higher international health priority. Results provide evidence in support of global initiatives to increase physical activity and control noncommunicable diseases while achieving sustainable development goals.
Implications of Postoperative Infections on Long-term Outcomes
Authors: Zheyuan Chen, Eun Young Han, Xi Liang Ling
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

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Molecular Signatures of Beneficial Class Effects of Statins on Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Lei Tian, Angelos Oikonomopoulos, Chun Liu, Tomoya Kitani, Rajani Shrestha, Christopher L. Chen, Sang-Ging Ong, Mark Smeets, Ioannis Karakikes, Nazish Sayed, Joseph C. Wu
Journal: Circulation (2020)
Successful treatment of plasma exchange for refractory systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis complicated with macrophage activation syndrome and severe lung disease
Authors: Satoshi Sato, Takahiro Hosokawa, Hisashi Kawashima
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Figure 1 (A) Chest CT showed slight pneumonia.(B) A chest CT revealed the peripheral septal thickening in the right lobe, and the peripheral septal thickening with pleural thickening in the left lower lobe.(C) A chest CT showed consolidation with pleural effusion in both lower lobes, and ground-glass opacities are detected in both upper lobes.(D) Chest CT showed decreased degree of peripheral septal thickening and pleural thickening on the left lower lobe.2
Mycophenolate Mofetil for Eosinophilic Fasciitis
Authors: Elizabeth Tkachenko, Alexa B. Steuer, Kelly Lo, Avery LaChance, Joseph F. Merola, Alisa N. Femia, Ruth Ann Vleugels
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2020)

Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) is a fibrosing disorder characterized by edema, erythema, and induration of the extremities.Eosinophilic fasciitis can cause substantial morbidity from joint contractures, and permanent fibrosis may ensue without timely treatment. 1Corticosteroids are considered firstline therapy; however, long-term treatment with corticosteroidsparing agents is required to avoid sequelae of chronic steroid use and achieve a durable clinical response. 2Although methotrexate is often considered the first-line corticosteroidsparing agent for EF, there is no standardized treatment ladder. 1,3To our knowledge, 3 cases of EF have reported favorable outcomes with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) to date. 3,4Given the paucity of data, we investigated the clinical response of EF to MMF in 3 tertiary care centers.