Subcortical Brain Volume, Regional Cortical Thickness, and Cortical Surface Area Across Disorders: Findings From the ENIGMA ADHD, ASD, and OCD Working Groups
Authors: Premika S.W. Boedhoe, Daan van Rooij, Martine Hoogman, Jos W.R. Twisk, Lianne Schmaal, Yoshinari Abe, Pino Alonso, Stephanie H. Ameis, Anatoly Anikin, Alan Anticevic, Celso Arango, Paul D. Arnold, Philip Asherson, Francesca Assogna, Guillaume Auzias, Tobias Banaschewski, Alexander Baranov, Marcelo C. Batistuzzo, Sarah Baumeister, Ramona Baur-Streubel, Marlene Behrmann, Mark A. Bellgrove, Francesco Benedetti, Jan C. Beucke, Joseph Biederman, Irene Bollettini, Anushree Bose, Janita Bralten, Ivanei E. Bramati, Daniel Brandeis, Silvia Brem, Brian P. Brennan, Geraldo F. Busatto, Sara Calderoni, Anna Calvo, Rosa Calvo, Francisco X. Castellanos, Mara Cercignani, Tiffany M. Chaim-Avancini, Kaylita C. Chantiluke, Yuqi Cheng, Kang Ik K. Cho, Anastasia Christakou, David Coghill, Annette Conzelmann, Ana I. Cubillo, Anders M. Dale, Sara Dallaspezia, Eileen Daly, Damiaan Denys, Christine Deruelle, Adriana Di Martino, Ilan Dinstein, Alysa E. Doyle, Sarah Durston, Eric A. Earl, Christine Ecker, Stefan Ehrlich, Benjamin A. Ely, Jeffrey N. Epstein, Thomas Ethofer, Damien A. Fair, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Stephen V. Faraone, Jennifer Fedor, Xin Feng, Jamie D. Feusner, Jackie Fitzgerald, Kate D. Fitzgerald, Jean-Paul Fouche, Christine M. Freitag, Egill A. Fridgeirsson, Thomas Frodl, Matt C. Gabel, Louise Gallagher, Tinatin Gogberashvili, Ilaria Gori, Patricia Gruner, Deniz A. Gürsel, Shlomi Haar, Jan Haavik, Geoffrey B. Hall, Neil A. Harrison, Catharina A. Hartman, Dirk J. Heslenfeld, Yoshiyuki Hirano, Pieter J. Hoekstra, Marcelo Q. Hoexter, Sarah Hohmann, Marie F. Høvik, Hao Hu, Chaim Huyser, Neda Jahanshad, Maria Jalbrzikowski, Anthony James, Joost Janssen, Fern Jaspers-Fayer, Terry L. Jernigan, Dmitry Kapilushniy, Bernd Kardatzki, Georgii Karkashadze, Norbert Kathmann, Christian Kaufmann, Clare Kelly, Sabin Khadka, Joseph A. King, Kathrin Koch, Gregor Kohls, Kerstin Konrad, Masaru Kuno, Jonna Kuntsi, Gerd Kvale, Jun Soo Kwon, Luisa Lázaro, Sara Lera-Miguel, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Liesbeth Hoekstra, Yanni Liu, Christine Lochner, Mario R. Louza, Beatriz Luna, Astri J. Lundervold, Charles B. Malpas, Paulo Marques, Rachel Marsh, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, David Mataix-Cols, Paulo Mattos, Hazel McCarthy, Jane McGrath, Mitul A. Mehta, José M. Menchón, Maarten Mennes, Mauricio Moller Martinho, Pedro S. Moreira, Astrid Morer, Pedro Morgado, Filippo Muratori, Clodagh M. Murphy, Declan G.M. Murphy, Akiko Nakagawa, Takashi Nakamae, Tomohiro Nakao, Leyla Namazova-Baranova, Janardhanan C. Narayanaswamy, Rosa Nicolau, Joel T. Nigg, Stephanie E. Novotny, Erika L. Nurmi, Eileen Oberwelland Weiss, Ruth L. O’Gorman Tuura, Kirsten O’Hearn, Joseph O’Neill, Jaap Oosterlaan, Bob Oranje, Yannis Paloyelis, Mara Parellada, Paul Pauli, Chris Perriello, John Piacentini, Fabrizio Piras, Federica Piras, Kerstin J. Plessen, Olga Puig, J. Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Y.C. Janardhan Reddy, Andreas Reif, Liesbeth Reneman, Alessandra Retico, Pedro G.P. Rosa, Katya Rubia, Oana Georgiana Rus, Yuki Sakai, Anouk Schrantee, Lena Schwarz, Lizanne J.S. Schweren, Jochen Seitz, Philip Shaw, Devon Shook, Tim J. Silk, H. Blair Simpson, Norbert Skokauskas, Juan Carlos Soliva Vila, Anastasia Solovieva, Noam Soreni, Carles Soriano-Mas, Gianfranco Spalletta, Emily R. Stern, Michael C. Stevens, S. Evelyn Stewart, Gustavo Sudre, Philip R. Szeszko, Leanne Tamm, Margot J. Taylor, David F. Tolin, Michela Tosetti, Fernanda Tovar-Moll, Aki Tsuchiyagaito, Theo G.M. van Erp, Guido A. van Wingen, Alasdair Vance, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, Oscar Vilarroya, Yolanda Vives-Gilabert, Georg G. von Polier, Susanne Walitza, Gregory L. Wallace, Zhen Wang, Thomas Wolfers, Yuliya N. Yoncheva, Je-Yeon Yun, Marcus V. Zanetti, Fengfeng Zhou, Georg C. Ziegler, Kathrin C. Zierhut, Marcel P. Zwiers, Paul M. Thompson, Dan J. Stein, Jan Buitelaar, Barbara Franke, Odile A. van den Heuvel
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2020)

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently co-occur. The authors sought to directly compare these disorders using structural brain imaging data from ENIGMA consortium data.