tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardio-Oncology
Authors: Richard J. Kovacs, MD, FACC, Howard A. Burris, III, MD, FASCO
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2019)

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Cardiology and Oncology are specialties at an intersection. Both specialties have made enormous strides in the past 50 years in helping patients live longer and fuller lives. Mortality rates for cardiac disease have declined dramatically over that period [(1
Primary Aldosteronism in Patients in China With Recently Detected Hypertension
Authors: Zhixin Xu, Jun Yang, Jinbo Hu, Ying Song, Wenwen He, Ting Luo, Qingfeng Cheng, Linqiang Ma, Rong Luo, Peter J. Fuller, Jun Cai, Qifu Li, Shumin Yang, Mei Mei, Suxin Luo, Kangla Liao, Yao Zhang, Yunfeng He, Yihong He, Ming Xiao, Bin Peng
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Epidemiological considerations in transgender health: A systematic review with focus on higher quality data
Authors: Qi Zhang, Michael Goodman, Noah Adams, Trevor Corneil, Leila Hashemi, Baudewijntje Kreukels, Joz Motmans, Rachel Snyder, Eli Coleman
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2020)

Background: High quality data pertaining to the size of the transgender and gender diverse (TGD) population are scant, however, several recently published studies may provide more reliable contemporary estimates.Aims: To summarize the estimated number and proportion of TGD individuals overall and across age groups, based on most accurate data.Methods: This systematic review focused on recent studies (published from 2009 through 2019) that utilized sound methodology in assessing the proportion of TGD people in the general population. Publications were included if they used clear definitions of TGD status, and calculated proportions based on a well-defined sampling frame. Nineteen eligible publications represented two broad categories of studies: those that used data from large health care systems; and those that identified TGD individuals from population surveys.Results: Among health system-based studies, TGD persons were identified using relevant diagnostic codes or clinical notes. The proportions of individuals with a TGD-relevant diagnosis or other recorded evidence ranged between 17 and 33 per 100,000 enrollees. In population surveys TGD status was ascertained based on self-report with either narrow or broad definitions. The survey-based estimates were orders of magnitude higher and consistent across studies using similar definitions. When the surveys specifically inquired about ‘transgender’ identity, the estimates ranged from 0.3% to 0.5% among adults, and from 1.2% to 2.7% among children and adolescents. When the definition was expanded to include broader manifestations of ‘gender diversity’, the corresponding proportions increased to 0.5-4.5% among adults and 2.5-8.4% among children and adolescents. Upward temporal trends in the proportion of TGD people were consistently observed.Conclusions: Current data indicate that people who self-identify as TGD represent a sizable and increasing proportion of the general population. This proportion may differ, depending on inclusion criteria, age, and geographic location, but well-conducted studies of similar type and design tend to produce comparable results.
Maternal History of Neonatal Death as an Emerging Risk Factor of Subsequent Neonatal Mortality in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Janine Y. Khan, Keith A. Dookeran
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Mudit Kapoor, PhD; Rockli Kim, ScD; Tanushree Sahoo, MD, DM; Ambuj Roy, MD, DM; Shamika Ravi, PhD; A. K. Shiva Kumar, PhD; Ramesh Agarwal, MD, DM; S. V. Subramanian, PhD
The Patient in Front of You
Authors: Steve P. Sanders
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

On Being a Doctor21 April 2020The Patient in Front of YouSteve P. Sanders, DOSteve P. Sanders, DOTulsa, Oklahoma (S.P.S.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M19-3587 Audio Reading - “The Patient in Front of You” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “The Patient in Front of You” by Steve P. Sanders, DO Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail For 3 years I had chaired meetings on quality measures, MIPS, and the Comprehensive Primary Care Initiative; my return to patient care was going to be a walk in the park.Armed with an electronic health record, I determined that no patient would slip past me without a current mammography, recommended immunizations, or (heaven forbid) a hemoglobin A1c greater than 8.0. I knew the EHR screens to pull up, the buttons to click, and the templates to complete—I was going to be a quality metric superstar.Walking in on my first patient (a 68-year-old former rancher with high blood pressure, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Tulsa, Oklahoma (S.P.S.)Corresponding Author: Steve P. Sanders, DO; e-mail, [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “The Patient in Front of You” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “The Patient in Front of You” by Steve P. Sanders, DO Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 April 2020Volume 172, Issue 8Page: 564KeywordsBlood pressureBlood sugarComputersElectronic medical recordsEmotionsPrimary hypertensionRunningTouchVaccinesWalking ePublished: 21 April 2020 Issue Published: 21 April 2020 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2020 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The forgotten parent: a qualitative study of indigenous Guatemalan fathers' perspectives on atypical child development
Authors: Sebastian Romero
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2020)

BackgroundLittle is known about the role Latino fathers have in rearing children with atypical development. Despite the positive effects of father involvement being well studied in other populations, Latino fathers have been historically overlooked in family research. The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of indigenous Guatemalan fathers of children with atypical development, particularly their understanding of their child's needs and their role in addressing those needs.MethodsUsing Kleinman's semi-structured Explanatory Model (EM) questions, I interviewed self-identified parents of children with atypical development to investigate their perceptions of their child's development and also their role in child rearing. Interviews also included questions about gender roles in child rearing and a brief demographic survey. Participant families were recruited from rural communities in the Department of Sololá, Guatemala. Interviews were analysed using ethnographic methods.FindingsBetween Nov 2 and Nov 10, 2018, 24 mother-father pairs were interviewed in 48 interviews. The results of the interviews indicated that, despite a rigid view of each parent's responsibilities (father as the breadwinner and mother as the caretaker), parents would abandon traditional familial gender roles if it were in the best interest of their child. Further, designated familial gender roles did not predetermine the types of concern parents experienced about their child with atypical development. For example, although a Guatemalan father may believe his main familial responsibility is to meet the financial needs of his family, his main paternal concerns may not only be financial in nature.InterpretationAt a functional level, Guatemalan families will adapt their parenting roles and responsibilities for the benefit their children with atypical development. These findings act as an opposing perspective to other published work on machismo, a concept often used to describe the Hispanic male-female hierarchy. These results suggest that the concept of machismo may be a western concept that is far too generalising for the indigenous couple rearing a child with atypical development. As such, Latino men remain an understudied and potentially underutilised member of the family, especially in high-stress homes where a child with atypical development is being cared for. Ways to increase their involvement in child rearing should be considered by researchers and policy makers.FundingCollege of Latin American Studies pre-dissertation field research grant.
A New Analysis of Archaea–Bacteria Domain Separation: Variable Phylogenetic Distance and the Tempo of Early Evolution
Authors: Sarah J Berkemer, Shawn E McGlynn
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2020)

Comparative genomics and molecular phylogenetics are foundational for understanding biological evolution. Although many studies have been made with the aim of understanding the genomic contents of early life, uncertainty remains. A study by Weiss et al. (Weiss MC, Sousa FL, Mrnjavac N, Neukirchen S, Roettger M, Nelson-Sathi S, Martin WF. 2016. The physiology and habitat of the last universal common ancestor. Nat Microbiol. 1(9):16116.) identified a number of protein families in the last universal common ancestor of archaea and bacteria (LUCA) which were not found in previous works. Here, we report new research that suggests the clustering approaches used in this previous study undersampled protein families, resulting in incomplete phylogenetic trees which do not reflect protein family evolution. Phylogenetic analysis of protein families which include more sequence homologs rejects a simple LUCA hypothesis based on phylogenetic separation of the bacterial and archaeal domains for a majority of the previously identified LUCA proteins (∼82%). To supplement limitations of phylogenetic inference derived from incompletely populated orthologous groups and to test the hypothesis of a period of rapid evolution preceding the separation of the domains, we compared phylogenetic distances both within and between domains, for thousands of orthologous groups. We find a substantial diversity of interdomain versus intradomain branch lengths, even among protein families which exhibit a single domain separating branch and are thought to be associated with the LUCA. Additionally, phylogenetic trees with long interdomain branches relative to intradomain branches are enriched in information categories of protein families in comparison to those associated with metabolic functions. These results provide a new view of protein family evolution and temper claims about the phenotype and habitat of the LUCA.
CEACAM1 and molecular signaling pathways to expand the liver transplant donor pool
Authors: Samer Tohme, David A. Geller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

Organ shortage continues to limit the lives of patients who require liver transplantation. While extending criteria for liver organs provides a needed resource, tissue damage from prolonged ischemic injury can result in early allograft dysfunction and consequent rejection. In this issue of the JCI, Nakamura et al. used a mouse transplantation model with prolonged ex vivo cold storage to explore liver graft protection. The authors found that liver grafts with absent carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) exhibited increased ischemia-reperfusion injury inflammation and decreased function in wild-type recipients. The authors went on to correlate CEACAM1 levels with postreperfusion damage in human liver transplant recipients. Notably, this study identified a potential biomarker for liver transplant donor graft quality.
The Obstacle Course of Reperfusion for ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Marco Roffi, Giulio Guagliumi, Borja Ibanez
Journal: Circulation (2020)

oronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, poses a double threat to public health: The immediate threat is the morbidity and mortality related to the infection, and the more subtle threat is the shift of attention and resources away from the care of regular diseases.
gamma delta T cells producing interleukin-17A regulate adipose regulatory T cell homeostasis and thermogenesis (vol 19, pg 464, 2018)
Authors: Ayano C Kohlgruber, Shani T Gal-Oz, Nelson M LaMarche, Moto Shimazaki, Danielle Duquette, Hui-Fern Koay, Hung N Nguyen, Amir I Mina, Tyler Paras, Ali Tavakkoli, Ulrich von Andrian, Adam P Uldrich, Dale I Godfrey, Alexander S Banks, Tal Shay, Michael B Brenner, Lydia Lynch
Journal: Nature Immunology (2019)
High prevalence of spondyloarthritis-like MRI lesions in postpartum women: a prospective analysis in relation to maternal, child and birth characteristics
Authors: Thomas Renson, Anaïs Depicker, Ann-Sophie De Craemer, Liselotte Deroo, Gaëlle Varkas, Manouk de Hooge, Philippe Carron, Lennart Jans, Nele Herregods, Isabelle Dehaene, Griet Vandenberghe, Kristien Roelens, Filip E Van den Bosch, Dirk Elewaut
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Bone marrow oedema (BMO) on MRI of sacroiliac joints (SIJs) represents a hallmark of axial spondyloarthritis (SpA), yet such lesions may also occur under augmented mechanical stress in healthy subjects. We therefore sought to delineate the relationship between pregnancy/delivery and pelvic stress through a prospective study with repeated MRI. Results were matched with maternal, child and birth characteristics.Thirty-five women underwent a baseline MRI-SIJ within the first 10 days after giving birth. MRI was repeated after 6 months and, if positive for sacroiliitis according to the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) definition, after 12 months. BMO and structural lesions were scored by three trained readers using the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) method.Seventy-seven per cent of the subjects (27/35) displayed sacroiliac BMO immediately postpartum, 60% fulfilled the ASAS definition of a positive MRI. After 6 months, 46% of the subjects (15/33) still showed BMO, representing 15% (5/33) with a positive MRI. After 12 months, MRI was still positive in 12% of the subjects (4/33). Few structural lesions were detected. Intriguingly, in this study, the presence of BMO was related to a shorter duration of labour and lack of epidural anaesthesia.A surprisingly high prevalence of sacroiliac BMO occurs in women immediately postpartum. Our data reveal a need for a waiting period of at least 6 months to perform an MRI-SIJ in postpartum women with back pain. This study also underscores the importance of interpreting MRI-SIJ findings in the appropriate clinical context.
Abstract IA12: <i>Fusobacterium</i> persistence and antibiotic response in colorectal cancer
Authors: Susan Bullman
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract In colorectal cancer (CRC), malignant cells are surrounded by a complex microenvironment encompassing a range of nontransformed cells, but also a diverse collection of microorganisms. A growing body of evidence demonstrates the role of particular microorganisms in modulating inflammatory environments and promoting tumor growth and metastasis. Genomic analyses have consistently revealed an enrichment of the invasive bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum in human colorectal tumors relative to noncancerous colorectal tissues. Exogenous F. nucleatum infection in animal and cellular models has also supported its cancer-promoting role. We demonstrate via microbiome analysis and microbial culture that Fusobacterium species and their co-occurring microbiota, including Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Selenomonas species, persist in liver metastasis of Fusobacterium-positive CRC. Many of the liver metastasis share the same dominant microbiome as the paired primary CRC tumors. Additionally, we have cultured Fusobacterium species from paired primary and metastatic tumors, and whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed that the same strains of Fusobacterium are present in the primary tumors and distant site metastasis, despite the tissue being resected months or even years apart. In situ hybridization analyses show that Fusobacterium is invasive in the primary tumors and distal metastasis and is associated with malignant cells. We demonstrate via microbiome analysis and microbial culture that Fusobacterium and its co-occurring microbiota also persist and remain viable in patient-derived xenografts of CRC for multiple generations in vivo. Antibiotic treatment of mice harboring these patient colon cancer xenografts led to a significant reduction in tumor Fusobacterium load, cancer cell proliferation, and overall tumor growth, suggesting that microbiome modulation could change the course of this disease. Ultimately, if a bacterial agent can directly or indirectly contribute to cancer initiation or progression, then these organisms are viable targets for cancer prevention and treatment. Citation Format: Susan Bullman. Fusobacterium persistence and antibiotic response in colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Microbiome, Viruses, and Cancer; 2020 Feb 21-24; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(8 Suppl):Abstract nr IA12.
Blocking Angiopoietin-2 Promotes Vascular Damage and Growth Inhibition in Mouse Tumors Treated with Small Doses of Radiation
Authors: Pauliina Kallio, Elina Jokinen, Jenny Högström, Suvendu Das, Sarika Heino, Marianne Lähde, Jefim Brodkin, Emilia A. Korhonen, Kari Alitalo
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abnormal vasculature in tumors leads to poor tissue perfusion and cytostatic drug delivery. Although drugs inducing vascular normalization, for example, angiopoietin-2 (Ang2)-blocking antibodies, have shown promising results in preclinical tumor models, clinical studies have so far shown only little efficacy. Because Ang2 is known to play a protective role in stressed endothelial cells, we tested here whether Ang2 blocking could enhance radiation-induced tumor vascular damage. Tumor-bearing mice were treated with anti-Ang2 antibodies every 3 or 4 days starting 3 days before 3 × 2 Gy or 4 × 0.5 Gy whole-body or tumor-focused radiation. Combination treatment with anti-Ang2 and radiation improved tumor growth inhibition and extended the survival of mice with melanoma or colorectal tumors. Single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed that Ang2 blocking rescued radiation-induced decreases in T cells and cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. In addition, anti-Ang2 enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis in cultured endothelial cells. In vivo, combination treatment decreased tumor vasculature and increased tumor necrosis in comparison with tumors treated with monotherapies. These results suggest that a combination of Ang2-blocking antibodies with radiation increases tumor growth inhibition and extends the survival of tumor-bearing mice. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings offer a preclinical rationale for further testing of the use of radiation in combination with Ang2-blocking antibodies to improve the overall outcome of cancer treatment.
The Role of Maintenance Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zi-Xian Wang, Fei Liang, Rui-Hua Xu
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Alternative Multidisciplinary Management Options for Locally Advanced NSCLC During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Global Pandemic
Authors: Sameera Kumar, Steven Chmura, Clifford Robinson, Steven H. Lin, Shirish M. Gadgeel, Jessica Donington, Josephine Feliciano, Thomas E. Stinchcombe, Maria Werner-Wasik, Martin J. Edelman, Drew Moghanaki
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2020)
Sleep disorders and cerebrovascular disease: the long and winding road
Authors: Jean Louis Pepin, Miguel Angel Martinez-Garcia
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

A human being spends (or at least should spend) around a third of their life asleep. During normal sleep, physiological changes occur in the neurological, metabolic and cardiovascular systems, and these serve to maintain good health during waking hours [1]. Some specific diseases arise only during sleep, while others are most frequently identified, and most susceptible to aggravation, at night. The lifestyle imposed by our contemporary societies is not only associated with obesity and a diabetes epidemic but also with a massively increased prevalence of chronic sleep deprivation and sleep disorders, with an estimated one billion people suffering from sleep apnoea worldwide [2]. Insomnia and sleep disordered breathing are now two of the most common chronic diseases capable of aggravating the natural history of cardio-metabolic diseases. The association between stroke and OSA cerebrovascular disease <http://bit.ly/33ZnCKy>
Anterior ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Without ST Elevation in Lead V <sub>1</sub>
Authors: Hang Zhou, Yun-Tao Zhao
Journal: Circulation (2020)

ECG CHALLENGEA 71-year-old man presented with complaints of sudden chest pain for 2 hours accompanied by diaphoresis and dizziness.The patient did not have a family history of cardiac disease.His blood pressure was 70/54 mm Hg, and his heart rate was 78 bpm.An urgent ECG was performed and is shown in Figure 1.His cardiac troponin I level was 0.05 ng/mL (normal, <0.02 ng/mL) and peaked at 97 ng/mL over the next 5 hours.The patient was referred to the catheterization laboratory.According to the ECG, where is the culprit lesion?Please turn the page to read the diagnosis.
Red Blood Cell (RBC) and Platelet (PLT) Transfusion after Allogeneic Transplant for Leukemia: Similar Utilization after Sibling (SIB) Peripheral Blood Stem Cell (PBSC) and Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB) Graft.
Authors: Claudio G. Brunstein, Sarah Larson, Tyson Rodgers, Ted Eastlund, Katherine Symons, Daniel Weisdorf
Journal: Blood (2005)