tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Career Goals, Salary Expectations, and Salary Negotiation Among Male and Female General Surgery Residents
Authors: Kelsey Gray, Angela Neville, Amy H. Kaji, Mary Wolfe, Kristine Calhoun, Farin Amersi, Timothy Donahue, Tracy Arnell, Benjamin Jarman, Kenji Inaba, Marc Melcher, Jon B. Morris, Brian Smith, Mark Reeves, Jeffrey Gauvin, Edgardo S. Salcedo, Richard Sidwell, Kenric Murayama, Richard Damewood, V. Prasad Poola, Daniel Dent, Christian de Virgilio
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2019)

<h3>Importance</h3> In general surgery, women earn less money and hold fewer leadership positions compared with their male counterparts. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess whether differences exist between the perspectives of male and female general surgery residents on future career goals, salary expectations, and salary negotiation that may contribute to disparity later in their careers. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This study was based on an anonymous and voluntary survey sent to 19 US general surgery programs. A total of 606 categorical residents at general surgery programs across the United States received the survey. Data were collected from August through September 2017 and analyzed from September through December 2017. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Comparison of responses between men and women to detect any differences in career goals, salary expectation, and perspectives toward salary negotiation at a resident level. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 427 residents (70.3%) responded, and 407 responses (230 male [58.5%]; mean age, 30.0 years [95% CI, 29.8-30.4 years]) were complete. When asked about salary expectation, female residents had lower expectations compared with men in minimum starting salary ($249 502 [95% CI, $236 815-$262 190] vs $267 700 [95% CI, $258 964-$276 437];<i>P</i> = .003) and in ideal starting salary ($334 709 [95% CI, $318 431-$350 987] vs $364 663 [95% CI, $351 612-$377 715];<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Women also had less favorable opinions about salary negotiation. They were less likely to believe they had the tools to negotiate (33 of 177 [18.6%] vs 73 of 230 [31.7%];<i>P</i> = .03) and were less likely to pursue other job offers as an aid in negotiating a higher salary (124 of 177 [70.1%] vs 190 of 230 [82.6%];<i>P</i> = .01). Female residents were also less likely to be married (61 of 177 [34.5%] vs 116 of 230 [50.4%];<i>P</i> = .001), were less likely to have children (25 of 177 [14.1%] vs 57 of 230 [24.8%];<i>P</i> = .008), and believed they would have more responsibility at home than their significant other (77 of 177 [43.5%] vs 35 of 230 [15.2%];<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Men and women anticipated working the same number of hours, expected to retire at the same age, and had similar interest in holding leadership positions, having academic careers, and pursuing research. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This study found no difference in overall career goals between male and female residents; however, female residents' salary expectations were lower, and they viewed salary negotiation less favorably. Given the current gender disparities in salary and leadership within surgery, strategies are needed to help remedy this inequity.
Breast cancer biomolecular profile in 909 patients of a lower-incomes province in Argentina.
Authors: Silvia Holgado, Adriana del Carmen Elias, Juan Jose Zarba, Raul Audi, Ana Vinuales, Viviana Audi, Diego Gonzalez, Jorge Arcuri, Hector Pedruzzi, Adriana Gonzalez, Fernanda Arrieta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e11538 Background: Recent reports of the increasing incidence of BC in low and middle-income countries highlights the need to have a better understanding of prognostic biomarkers with clinical utility. The aims of this study were to analyze the biomolecular profile in a population with BC of Tucumán, Argentine. Methods: The study population consisted of 909 patients with primary or metastatic BC. The immunostainning results for hormones receptors (ER-PR) and Her2/neu protein expression in patients with histological breast diagnosis were assessed. The study design was cross sectional and the statistical study was exploratory. We compared the frequencies of patients with ER+/PR+/Her2-, ER+/PR-/Her2-, ER+/PR+/Her2+, ER+/PR-/Her2+, ER-/PR-/Her2+ and ER-/PR-/Her2- with those published in 2011 by St Gallen and relative variations were calculated to meet the relative percentages of the differences. Results: 893 were studied for all three. Molecular Expression (Population: 909): ER 58% (486/841); PR 48% (405/841); Her2 10% (85/893) Population Age: 21-89 years old (mean 58 yrs). Conclusions: The molecular profile in BC in our province seems to be different of the previously reported in western countries (St Gallen 2011), showing a more aggressive biomolecular profile with higher incidence of triple negative patients and lower incidence of Her2neu positive. With these results it is possible to assume that we are dealing with a population with particular characteristics. [Table: see text]
Induction gemcitabine and cisplatin followed by radiation therapy in advanced loco-regional head and neck cancer.
Authors: Arif Jamshed, Hassan Iqbal, Raza Hussain, Tahir Mehmood, Kamran Saeed, Tabinda Sadaf, Asif Loya, Asif Masood, Mazhar Ali Shah
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e16043 Background: This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of induction chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) followed by radiation / concomitant chemoradiation (RT/CRT) in advanced loco-regional head and neck cancer (LRHANC). Methods: Between 2005 - 2009, 446 newly diagnosed advanced LRHANC patients were treated with induction GC followed by RT/CRT in our institution. M 69%: F 31%. Median age 50 years (range 18 – 81 years). Site; oral cavity 232 (52%), hypopharynx 45 (10%), nasopharynx 63 (14%), larynx 46 (10%), oropharynx 14 (3%), paranasal sinuses 33 (8%) and others 13 (3%). Histology; squamous cell carcinoma 373 (84%), undifferentiated carcinoma 53 (12%), others 20 (4%). Pre treatment AJCC stage (6 th edition); T1-3 N0/N+ 139 (31%), T4 N0/N+ 307 (69%). Induction chemotherapy consisted of cisplatin 75 mg / m 2 day 1 and gemcitabine 1 gm / m 2 day 1 and 8 every 3 weeks. 383 (86%) patients received 2 cycles of induction GC. CRT with 3 weekly cisplatin 75mg/ m2 was given in 299 (67%) and RT alone in 147 (33%) patients. Radiation doses ranged from 55Gy - 70 Gy in 20 - 35 fractions. Results: Minimum follow-up was 2 years. Response to induction chemotherapy; complete response (CR) 58 (13%), partial response (PR) 315 (71%), stable disease (SD) 55 (12%) and progressive disease (PD) 18 (4%). Response to RT/CRT; CR 293 (66%) and persistent disease at 3 months post radiation in 153 (34%) patients. G3/G4 toxicity on induction GC was anemia 2%/0%, neutropenia 17%/4%, thrombocytopenia 2%/1%, vomiting 5%/1% and diarrhea 5%/1%. G1 transient elevation of ALT/ AST was 17% /11%. G3/4 elevation of creatinine was 2 %/1%. Nine patients (2%) had toxicity related hospital admissions during RT/CRT. The 5-year actuarial overall survival and relapse free survival were 67% and 44% respectively. Local control, regional control and distant control rates were 62%, 50% and 49% respectively. Conclusions: Induction GC followed by RT/CRT is a safe and effective approach in untreated head and neck cancer and merits further evaluation in controlled clinical trials.
Novel technique for the simultaneous isolation of cardiac fibroblasts and epicardial stromal cells from the infarcted murine heart
Authors: Christoph Owenier, Julia Hesse, Christina Alter, Zhaoping Ding, Aseel Marzoq, Patrick Petzsch, Karl Köhrer, Jürgen Schrader
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2019)

Myocardial infarction (MI) leads to activation of cardiac fibroblasts (aCFs) and at the same time induces the formation of epicardium-derived cells at the heart surface. To discriminate between the two cell populations, we elaborated a fast and efficient protocol for the simultaneous isolation and characterization of aCFs and epicardial stromal cells (EpiSCs) from the infarcted mouse heart.For the isolation of aCFs and EpiSCs, infarcted hearts (50 min ischaemia/reperfusion) were digested by perfusion with a collagenase-containing medium for only 8 min, while EpiSCs were enzymatically removed from the outside by applying mild shear forces via a motor driven device. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) isolated from unstressed hearts served as control. Viability of isolated cells was >90%. Purity of EpiSCs was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining and qPCR of various mesenchymal markers including Wilms-tumor-protein-1. Microarray analysis of CFs, aCFs, and EpiSCs on day 5 post-MI revealed a unique gene expression pattern in the EpiSC fraction, which was enriched for epithelial markers and epithelial to mesenchymal transition-related genes. Compared to aCFs, 336 significantly altered gene entities were identified in the EpiSC fraction. qPCR analysis showed high expression of Serpinb2, Cxcl13, Adora2b, and Il10 in EpiSCs relative to CFs and aCFs. Furthermore, microarray data identified Ddah1 and Cemip to be highly up-regulated in aCFs compared to CFs. Immunostaining of the infarcted heart revealed a unique distribution of Dermokine, Aquaporin-1, Cytokeratin, Lipocalin2, and Periostin within the epicardial cell layer.We describe the simultaneous isolation of viable, purified fractions of aCFs and EpiSCs from the infarcted mouse heart. In this study, several differentially expressed markers for aCFs and EpiSCs were identified, underlining the importance of cell separation to study heterogeneity of stromal cells in the healing process after MI.
Assessment and Management of Patients at Risk for Suicide: Synopsis of the 2019 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and U.S. Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: James Sall, Lisa Brenner, Amy M. Millikan Bell, Michael J. Colston
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

Description: In May 2019, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) approved an update to the 2013 joint clinical practice guideline for assessing and managing patients who are at risk for suicide. This guideline provides health care providers with a framework by which to screen for, evaluate, treat, and manage the individual needs and preferences of VA and DoD patients who may be at risk for suicide. Methods: In January 2018, the VA/DoD Evidence-Based Practice Work Group convened to develop a joint VA/DoD guideline including clinical stakeholders and conforming to the National Academy of Medicine's tenets for trustworthy clinical practice guidelines. The guideline panel drafted key questions, systematically searched and evaluated the literature through April 2018, created algorithms, and advanced 22 recommendations in accordance with the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) system. Recommendations: This synopsis, which includes 3 clinical practice algorithms, summarizes the key recommendations of the guideline related to screening and evaluation, risk management and treatment, and other management methods. Risk management and treatment recommendations address both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches for patients with suicidal ideation and behavior. Other management methods address lethal means safety (such as restricting access to firearms, poisons, and medications and installing barriers to prevent jumping from lethal heights) and population health strategies.
NATURE AND TREATMENT OF WOUND SHOCK AND ALLIED CONDITIONS
Journal: JAMA (1918)

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Spatially Resolved, Multiplexed Digital Characterization of Protein Distribution and Abundance in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Tissue Sections Based on the Nanostring® Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP) Technology
Authors: Andrew White, Nathan Elliott, Yan Liang, Sarah E. Warren, Joseph M. Beechem
Journal: Blood (2017)
Evaluating the effects of a structured exercise intervention on physical self-worth in men with prostate cancer: Addressing an unmet need.
Authors: Richard Francis Dunne, Charles E. Heckler, Julia Ellen Inglis, Po-Ju Lin, Chunkit Fung, Luke Joseph Peppone, Gilberto Lopez, Eva Culakova, Ian Kleckner, Michelle Christine Janelsins, Aminah Jatoi, Supriya Gupta Mohile, Karen Michelle Mustian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

11625 Background: Improving body image and self-esteem are top ASCO priorities in the survivorship care of men with prostate cancer (PCa). Body image and global self-esteem, influenced by physical self-worth, are negatively affected by PCa treatment. We investigate whether exercise can improve physical self-worth in men treated for PCa and if improving self-worth is associated with changes in quality of life (QoL) and mental health. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of a phase II randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of Exercise for Cancer Patients(EXCAP), a structured, 6-week, home-based exercise intervention, to usual care (UC) in men with non-metastatic PCa receiving radiation or Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT). The Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP), a valid 30-item questionnaire where higher scores indicate greater physical self-worth, was assessed at pre- and post-intervention. Changes between arms were compared using ANCOVA. Spearman correlations were calculated for pre/post-intervention change scores for PSPP and QoL, depression, and anxiety as measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT), Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), respectively. Results: Fifty-eight men were randomized; average age was 67.1 years. Physical self-worth at baseline moderated the effect of the intervention. Compared to UC, EXCAP improved physical self-worth in those with baseline PSPP scores above the median (p &lt; 0.04). Exercisers with baseline PSPP scores in the top quartile demonstrated a more significant improvement over UC (p &lt; 0.01). Improvements in physical self-worth were associated with improved QoL (r = 0.29, p = 0.04), depression (r = -0.28, p = 0.04) and anxiety (r = -0.30, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Exercise significantly improves physical self-worth in men with PCa on radiation or ADT, and greater physical self-worth is associated with improved QoL, depression and anxiety. Those with higher baseline physical self-worth derived the most benefit from exercise. Exercise should be prescribed to boost self-esteem and body image in men receiving radiation or ADT for PCa. Clinical trial information: NCT00815672.
Improving Estimates of Perioperative Morbidity After Radical Cystectomy Using the European Association of Urology Quality Criteria for Standardized Reporting and Introducing the Comprehensive Complication Index
Authors: Malte W. Vetterlein, Jakob Klemm, Philipp Gild, Marlon Bradtke, Armin Soave, Roland Dahlem, Margit Fisch, Michael Rink
Journal: European Urology (2019)
Characterization of Distinct T Cell Receptor Repertoires in Tumor and Distant Non-tumor Tissues from Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Xiang Wang, Botao Zhang, Yikun Yang, Jiawei Zhu, Shujun Cheng, Yousheng Mao, Lin Feng, Ting Xiao
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2019)

Abstract T cells and T cell receptors (TCRs) play pivotal roles in adaptive immune responses against tumors. The development of next-generation sequencing technologies has enabled the analysis of the TCRβ repertoire usage. Given the scarce investigations on the TCR repertoire in lung cancer tissues, in this study, we analyzed TCRβ repertoires in lung cancer tissues and the matched distant non-tumor lung tissues (normal lung tissues) from 15 lung cancer patients. Based on our results, the general distribution of T cell clones was similar between cancer tissues and normal lung tissues; however, the proportion of highly expanded clones was significantly higher in normal lung tissues than in cancer tissues (0.021% ± 0.002% vs. 0.016% ± 0.001%, P = 0.0054, Wilcoxon signed rank test). In addition, a significantly higher TCR diversity was observed in cancer tissues than in normal lung tissues (431.37 ± 305.96 vs. 166.20 ± 101.58, P = 0.0075, Mann-Whitney U test). Moreover, younger patients had a significantly higher TCR diversity than older patients (640.7 ± 295.3 vs. 291.8 ± 233.6, P = 0.036, Mann-Whitney U test), and the higher TCR diversity in tumors was significantly associated with worse cancer outcomes. Thus, we provided a comprehensive comparison of the TCR repertoires between cancer tissues and matched normal lung tissues and demonstrated the presence of distinct T cell immune microenvironments in lung cancer patients.
Functional and clinical characterization of the alternatively spliced isoform AML1-ETO9a in adult patients with translocation t(8;21)(q22;q22.1) acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
Authors: Mridul Agrawal, Peggy Schwarz, Benedetto Daniele Giaimo, Ivan Bedzhov, Andrea Corbacioglu, Daniela Weber, Verena I. Gaidzik, Nikolaus Jahn, Frank G. Rücker, Thomas Schroeder, Thomas Kindler, Mohammed Wattad, Katharina Götze, Michael Lübbert, Hans Salwender, Mark Ringhoffer, Elisabeth Lange, Elisabeth Koller, Felicitas Thol, Michael Heuser, Arnold Ganser, Lars Bullinger, Peter Paschka, Hartmut Döhner, Hartmut Geiger, Tilman Borggrefe, Konstanze Döhner, Franz Oswald
Journal: Leukemia (2019)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) encompassing translocation t(8;21)(q22;q22.1)results in the chimeric fusion protein AML1-ETO (AE), also known as RUNX1-RUNX1T1 transcript.The presence of AE defines a precursor stage of leukemia, however additional molecular events are required for transformation [1,2].Alternative splicing of the ETO gene introduces an additional exon adjacent to exon 8, namely exon 9a, spanning 155 bp.Inclusion of exon 9a alters the open reading frame of the AE gene leading to a carboxy-terminal truncated isoform of the AE protein, known as AML1-ETO9a (AE9a), which lacks Drosophila nervy homology regions (NHR) 3 and 4 [3].In a retroviral transduced mouse model, co-expression of AE and AE9a induces a more immature leukemic phenotype with a rapid
Contrasting patterns of longitudinal population dynamics and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in two priority bacterial pathogens over 7 years in a single center
Authors: Matthew J. Ellington, Eva Heinz, Alexander M. Wailan, Matthew J. Dorman, Marcus de Goffau, Amy K. Cain, Sonal P. Henson, Nicholas Gleadall, Christine J. Boinett, Gordon Dougan, Nicholas M. Brown, Neil Woodford, Julian Parkhill, M. Estée Török, Sharon J. Peacock, Nicholas R. Thomson
Journal: Genome biology (2019)

Two of the most important pathogens contributing to the global rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae. Despite this, most of our knowledge about the changing patterns of disease caused by these two pathogens is based on studies with limited timeframes that provide few insights into their population dynamics or the dynamics in AMR elements that they can carry. We investigate the population dynamics of two priority AMR pathogens over 7 years between 2007 and 2012 in a major UK hospital, spanning changes made to UK national antimicrobial prescribing policy in 2007. Between 2006 and 2012, K. pneumoniae showed epidemiological cycles of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) lineages being replaced approximately every 2 years. This contrasted E. cloacae where there was no temporally changing pattern, but a continuous presence of the mixed population. The differing patterns of clonal replacement and acquisition of mobile elements shows that the flux in the K. pneumoniae population was linked to the introduction of globally recognized MDR clones carrying drug resistance markers on mobile elements. However, E. cloacae carries a chromosomally encoded ampC conferring resistance to front-line treatments and shows that MDR plasmid acquisition in E. cloacae was not indicative of success in the hospital. This led to markedly different dynamics in the AMR populations of these two pathogens and shows that the mechanism of the resistance and its location in the genome or mobile elements is crucial to predict population dynamics of opportunistic pathogens in clinical settings.
CREBZF as a Key Regulator of STAT3 Pathway in the Control of Liver Regeneration in Mice
Authors: Zhimin Hu, Yamei Han, Yuxiao Liu, Zehua Zhao, Fengguang Ma, Aoyuan Cui, Feifei Zhang, Zhengshuai Liu, Yaqian Xue, Jinyun Bai, Haifu Wu, Hua Bian, Y. Eugene Chin, Ying Yu, Zhuoxian Meng, Hua Wang, Yong Liu, Jiangao Fan, Xin Gao, Yan Chen, Yu Li
Journal: Hepatology (2019)

STAT3, a member of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family, is strongly associated with liver injury, inflammation, regeneration, and hepatocellular carcinoma development. However, the signals that regulate STAT3 activity are not completely understood.Here we characterize CREB/ATF bZIP transcription factor CREBZF as a critical regulator of STAT3 in the hepatocyte to repress liver regeneration. We show that CREBZF deficiency stimulates the expression of the cyclin gene family and enhances liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Flow cytometry analysis reveals that CREBZF regulates cell cycle progression during liver regeneration in a hepatocyte-autonomous manner. Similar results were observed in another model of liver regeneration induced by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ). Mechanistically, CREBZF potently associates with the linker domain of STAT3 and represses its dimerization and transcriptional activity in vivo and in vitro. Importantly, hepatectomy-induced hyperactivation of cyclin D1 and liver regeneration in CREBZF liver-specific knockout mice was reversed by selective STAT3 inhibitor cucurbitacin I. In contrast, adeno-associated virus-mediated overexpression of CREBZF in the liver inhibits the expression of the cyclin gene family and attenuates liver regeneration in CCl4 -treated mice.These results characterize CREBZF as a coregulator of STAT3 to inhibit regenerative capacity, which may represent an essential cellular signal to maintain liver mass homeostasis. Therapeutic approaches to inhibit CREBZF may benefit the compromised liver during liver transplantation.