tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NFAT1-Mediated Regulation of NDEL1 Promotes Growth and Invasion of Glioma Stem-like Cells
Authors: Yang Jiang, Yifu Song, Run Wang, Tianhao Hu, Di Zhang, Zixun Wang, Xinxin Tie, Minghao Wang, Sheng Han
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Glioma stem-like cells (GSC) promote tumor generation and progression. However, the mechanism of GSC induction or maintenance is largely unknown. We previously demonstrated that the calcium-responsive transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells-1 (NFAT1) is activated in glioblastomas and regulates the invasion of tumor cells. In this study, we further explored the role of NFAT1 in GSC. We found that NFAT1 expression was associated with an aggressive phenotype and predicted poor survival in gliomas. Compared with normal glioma cells, NFAT1 was upregulated in GSC. NFAT1 knockdown reduced GSC viability, invasion, and self-renewal in vitro and inhibited tumorigenesis in vivo, whereas NFAT1 overexpression enhanced the growth and invasion of GSCs. RNA sequencing showed that NFAT1 depletion was associated with reduced neurodevelopment protein 1-like 1 (NDEL1, a potential downstream target of NFAT1) expression, whereas NFAT1 overexpression induced NDEL1 expression. In addition, NFAT1 regulated the promoter activities of NDEL1, whereas rescue of NDEL1 in NFAT1-silenced GSC partially restored tumor growth and invasion. Upregulation of NFAT1–NDEL1 signaling elevated Erk activation, increased protein levels of stemness markers in GSC, and resulted in de-differentiation of normal neuronal cells and astrocytes. Our results indicate that NFAT1 controls the growth and invasion of GSC partially through regulation of NDEL1. Targeting the NFAT1–NDEL1 axis therefore might be of potential benefit in the treatment of patients with glioma. Significance: NFAT1 controls the growth and invasion of GSCs, partially by regulating NDEL1. Targeting the NFAT1–NDEL1 axis might provide opportunities in treating patients with glioma.
What’s the rate of knee osteoarthritis 10 years after anterior cruciate ligament injury? An updated systematic review
Authors: Marthe Mehus Lie, May Arna Risberg, Kjersti Storheim, Lars Engebretsen, Britt Elin Øiestad
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2019)

This updated systematic review reports data from 2009 on the prevalence, and risk factors, for knee osteoarthritis (OA) more than 10 years after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear.We systematically searched five databases (PubMed, EMBASE, AMED, Cinahl and SPORTDiscus) for prospective and retrospective studies published after 1 August 2008. Studies were included if they investigated participants with ACL tear (isolated or in combination with medial collateral ligament and/or meniscal injuries) and reported symptomatic and/or radiographic OA at a minimum of 10 years postinjury. We used a modified version of the Downs and Black checklist for methodological quality assessment and narrative synthesis to report results. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO.Forty-one studies were included. Low methodological quality was revealed in over half of the studies. At inclusion, age ranged from 23 to 38 years, and at follow-up from 31 to 51 years. Sample sizes ranged from 18 to 780 participants. The reported radiographic OA prevalence varied between 0% and 100% >10 years after injury, regardless of follow-up time. The studies with low and high methodological quality reported a prevalence of radiographic OA between 0%-100% and 1%-80%, respectively. One study reported symptomatic knee OA for the tibiofemoral (TF) joint (35%), and one study reported symptomatic knee OA for the patellofemoral (PF) joint (15%). Meniscectomy was the only consistent risk factor determined from the data synthesis.Radiographic knee OA varied between 0% and 100% in line with our previous systematic review from 2009. Symptomatic and radiographic knee OA was differentiated in two studies only, with a reported symptomatic OA prevalence of 35% for the TF joint and 15% for PF joint. Future cohort studies need to include measurement of symptomatic knee OA in this patient group.CRD42016042693.
Development and Validation of a Deep-Learning Model to Screen for Hyperkalemia From the Electrocardiogram
Authors: Conner D. Galloway, Alexander V. Valys, Jacqueline B. Shreibati, Daniel L. Treiman, Frank L. Petterson, Vivek P. Gundotra, David E. Albert, Zachi I. Attia, Rickey E. Carter, Samuel J. Asirvatham, Michael J. Ackerman, Peter A. Noseworthy, John J. Dillon, Paul A. Friedman
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2019)

<h3>Importance</h3> For patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), hyperkalemia is common, associated with fatal arrhythmias, and often asymptomatic, while guideline-directed monitoring of serum potassium is underused. A deep-learning model that enables noninvasive hyperkalemia screening from the electrocardiogram (ECG) may improve detection of this life-threatening condition. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the performance of a deep-learning model in detection of hyperkalemia from the ECG in patients with CKD. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A deep convolutional neural network (DNN) was trained using 1 576 581 ECGs from 449 380 patients seen at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, from 1994 to 2017. The DNN was trained using 2 (leads I and II) or 4 (leads I, II, V3, and V5) ECG leads to detect serum potassium levels of 5.5 mEq/L or less (to convert to millimoles per liter, multiply by 1) and was validated using retrospective data from the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota, Florida, and Arizona. The validation included 61 965 patients with stage 3 or greater CKD. Each patient had a serum potassium count drawn within 4 hours after their ECG was recorded. Data were analyzed between April 12, 2018, and June 25, 2018. <h3>Exposures</h3> Use of a deep-learning model. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and sensitivity and specificity, with serum potassium level as the reference standard. The model was evaluated at 2 operating points, 1 for equal specificity and sensitivity and another for high (90%) sensitivity. <h3>Results</h3> Of the total 1 638 546 ECGs, 908 000 (55%) were from men. The prevalence of hyperkalemia in the 3 validation data sets ranged from 2.6% (n = 1282 of 50 099; Minnesota) to 4.8% (n = 287 of 6011; Florida). Using ECG leads I and II, the AUC of the deep-learning model was 0.883 (95% CI, 0.873-0.893) for Minnesota, 0.860 (95% CI, 0.837-0.883) for Florida, and 0.853 (95% CI, 0.830-0.877) for Arizona. Using a 90% sensitivity operating point, the sensitivity was 90.2% (95% CI, 88.4%-91.7%) and specificity was 63.2% (95% CI, 62.7%-63.6%) for Minnesota; the sensitivity was 91.3% (95% CI, 87.4%-94.3%) and specificity was 54.7% (95% CI, 53.4%-56.0%) for Florida; and the sensitivity was 88.9% (95% CI, 84.5%-92.4%) and specificity was 55.0% (95% CI, 53.7%-56.3%) for Arizona. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this study, using only 2 ECG leads, a deep-learning model detected hyperkalemia in patients with renal disease with an AUC of 0.853 to 0.883. The application of artificial intelligence to the ECG may enable screening for hyperkalemia. Prospective studies are warranted.
Nontoxic Carbon Quantum Dots/g‐C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> for Efficient Photocatalytic Inactivation of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> under Visible Light
Authors: Chenyi Tang, Chao Liu, Yu Han, Qiaoqi Guo, Wei Ouyang, Huajun Feng, Meizhen Wang, Feng Xu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2019)

Abstract The widespread use of antibiotics has caused the rapid emergence of antibiotic‐resistant bacterial strains and antibiotic resistance genes in the past few decades. Photocatalytic inactivation, a promising approach for the killing of pathogens, efficiently avoids the problems induced by antimicrobial drugs. However, traditional photocatalysts usually have some disadvantages, such as high costs of raw materials, ultraviolet ray excitation, and potential leaching of toxic metals. Here, a metal‐free heterojunction photocatalyst, denoted as CQDs/g‐C 3 N 4 , is synthesized through incorporating carbon quantum dots (CQDs) on graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C 3 N 4 ), which significantly enhances photocatalytic inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) compared with pure g‐C 3 N 4 in vitro. CQDs/g‐C 3 N 4 causes a rapid increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and destruction of cell membranes under visible light, eventually leading to death of bacteria. The efficacy of CQDs/g‐C 3 N 4 is further examined by a mouse cutaneous infection model of S. aureus . CQDs/g‐C 3 N 4 markedly reduces the bacterial loads and prompts lesion recovery in mice, as compared with g‐C 3 N 4 ‐treated group. In vivo and in vitro toxicity analyses show that the side effects of CQDs/g‐C 3 N 4 are negligible. Considering the efficient photocatalytic inactivation and nontoxicity of CQDs/g‐C 3 N 4 , this visible‐light‐driven photocatalyst paves a brand new avenue for the treatment of S. aureus infection.
Abstract 20019: Incidence of Errant Shock Delivery in Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation
Authors: Allison C Koller, David D Salcido, Sara E Tisherman, Matthew L Sundermann, James J Menegazzi
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Defibrillation is used to convert ventricular fibrillation and tachycardia (VF/VT) to a perfusing sinus rhythm. However, rhythm analysis is subjective and shocks may be delivered errantly on rhythms that do not warrant nor positively respond to defibrillation. We sought to assess the rate and factors associated with errant shock delivery. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that cases lacking VF/VT would receive a shock in the prehospital environment, and that errant shock delivery would occur more often in younger and female patients, as well as cases that were witnessed and those that occurred in public locations. Methods: We obtained IRB approval before commencing this study. Eligible cases of EMS-treated, nontraumatic OHCA spanned 2010-2014 at the Pittsburgh site of the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium and contained at least one EMS-delivered shock. We excluded cases that did not receive any shocks. We analyzed all instances of EMS-delivered shocks in custom Matlab software. Pre- and post-shock rhythms were assessed for all shocks. Return of an organized rhythm (ROOR) was noted for every shock. Patient characteristics were obtained via patient care report review. We utilized t-tests with an alpha value of 0.05. Results: A total of 461 cases received at least one shock and contained a total of 1,377 analyzable shocks. Of these shocks, 1246 (90.5%) had VF/VT, and 131 (9.5%) had non-VF/VT. Errant shocks were delivered in a total of 91 (19.9%) cases. Errant shocks were most often the second shock delivered in the case. Demographic data was available for 457 (99.1%) of cases. ROOR occurred in 769 (55.8%) shocks. Errant shock delivery was not significantly associated with patient age (p = 0.79), sex (p = 0.14), location (p= 0.83), or witnessed status (p = 0.63). Conclusions: Errant shock rate was 9.5% and occurred in 19.9% of all cases. These shocks were not associated with common demographic data. Further work will examine other possible causes for errant shock delivery.
Mortality of lymphoma and myeloma in China, 2004–2017: an observational study
Authors: Weiping Liu, Jiangmei Liu, Yuqin Song, Xiaopei Wang, Maigeng Zhou, Lijun Wang, Jun Ma, Jun Zhu
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2019)

There is a dearth of accurate information about patterns of mortality of lymphoid neoplasms and temporal trends in China. In this nationwide mortality study, we aimed to assess the mortality of lymphoma and myeloma in 2017 and the changes in the trend from 2004 to 2016.Death certificate data obtained from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention's disease surveillance points system (CDC-DSP) and population data from the National Bureau of Statistics of China were used in this study. We described the mortality of lymphoma and myeloma in 2017 by age group, sex, residence, and region and evaluated the temporal trend from 2004 to 2016 using joinpoint regression.An estimated 52,000 deaths associated with lymphoma and myeloma occurred in 2017. The age-standardized mortality rate China (ASMRC) and age-standardized mortality rate worldwide (ASMRW) per 100,000 were 3.74 and 2.60, respectively. Males had higher ASMRC than females (4.54 vs. 2.91 per 100,000). The ASMRC in urban areas was significantly higher than that in rural areas (4.35 vs. 3.47 per 100,000). The age-specific mortality rate showed an upward trend with age and reached a maximum in the age group of over 85 years. In terms of regional variation, Eastern China had the highest mortality rate (3.43/100,000), followed by Central China (3.10/100,000) and Western China (3.02/100,000). The mortality rates of lymphoma and myeloma increased annually by 4.5% during the period 2004-2016, with a significant rapid upward trend in rural areas since 2007.The mortality of lymphoma and myeloma increased in China from 2004 to 2017. The rapid increase in disease burden in rural areas highlights new challenges for disease prevention and control strategies.
Proposed new pulmonary hypertension definition: is 4 mm(Hg) worth re-writing medical textbooks?
Authors: J. Simon R. Gibbs, Adam Torbicki
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2019)

<b>With risks of overdiagnosis, unclear treatment implications and additional psychological burden placed on patients, a new definition of PH based on reduction of the mean PAP threshold to &gt;20 mmHg is premature</b>http://ow.ly/8eB730nIdEk
The Impact of Cell Therapy on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Refractory Angina
Authors: Daniel A. Jones, Deshan Weeraman, Martina Colicchia, Mohsin A. Hussain, Devanayegi Veerapen, Mervyn Andiapen, Krishnaraj S. Rathod, Andreas Baumbach, Anthony Mathur
Journal: Circulation Research (2019)

Cell-based therapies are a novel potential treatment for refractory angina and have been found to improve markers of angina. However, the effects on mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) have not been definitively investigated.To investigate the efficacy and safety of stem cell treatment compared with optimal medical treatment for refractory angina by conducting an updated meta-analysis, looking at clinical outcomes.We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. A comprehensive search was performed of PubMed, EMBASE (Excerpta Medica database), Cochrane, ClinicalTrials.gov , Google Scholar databases of randomized controlled trials, and scientific session abstracts. Studies were deemed eligible if they met the following criteria: (1) full-length publications in peer-reviewed journals; (2) evaluated cell therapy use in patients with no further revascularisation options while on optimal medical treatment; (3) patients had ongoing angina, Canadian Cardiovascular Society class II-IV; and (4) included a placebo/control arm. We calculated risk ratios for all-cause mortality, combined MACE events. We assessed heterogeneity using χ2 and I2 tests. We identified 1191 citations with 8 randomized controlled trials meeting inclusion criteria involving 526 patients. Outcomes pooled were MACE, mortality, and indices of angina (angina episodes, Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina class, exercise tolerance, and antianginal medications). Our analysis showed a decreased risk of both MACE (odds ratio, 0.41; CI, 0.25-0.70) and mortality (odds ratio, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.10-0.60) in cell-treated patients compared with patients on maximal medical therapy. This was supported by improvements in surrogate end points of anginal episodes, use of antianginal medications, Canadian Cardiovascular Society class, and exercise tolerance.In addition to improvements in indices of angina, cell-based therapies improve cardiovascular outcomes (mortality/MACE) in patients with refractory angina. Given the premature termination of the phase III study, this supports the need for further definitive trials. Prospero Registration : URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ . Unique identifier: CRD42018084257.
Abstract 16878: Troponin Release Overestimates Infarct Size in the Presence of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez, Pedro López-Romero, Aida Suárez-Barrientos, Lorena Montes, Carmen Olmos, Jacobo Silva, Jose Manuel Garcia-Ruiz, Antonio Fernández-Ortiz, Carlos Macaya, Valentin Fuster, Borja Ibanez
Journal: Circulation (2011)

INTRODUCTION Infarct size has been shown to be a better predictor of mortality than classical predictors following a ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Therefore it is increasingly used for risk stratification. Biomarker release (CK and troponins) have been shown to overall good correlate with gold standards for MI size quantification (MRI, SPECT). In clinical practice, some patients display a discordant CK and troponin release in STEMI (CK in the higher quartiles with troponin in the lower or the other way around). The cause of this discordance has not been systematically analyzed. It has been shown that myocyte hypertrophy results in an increase of contractile proteins (like troponins) with no increase in cytosolic ones (like CK). HYPOTHESIS In the current work we have tested the hypothesis that patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) who suffer a STEMI have a disproportional total CK/troponin blood concentrations compared to STEMI patients with no LV hypertrophy. METHODS Consecutive STEMI patients (n=657) admitted to our Coronary Care Unit were retrospectively studied. CK and troponin I levels were measured on admission and then every 4 hours until a fall in both enzymes occurred. Patients were classified into four categories according to standard echocardiography recommendations. All the statistical analyses were performed using the open-source statistical scripting language R Version 2.11.0 (R Development Core Team). RESULTS Distribution of patients was as follows. Normal LV wall thickness: 426 patients (64.84%); mild LVH: 140 patients (21.31%); moderate LVH: 81 patients (12.33%); and severe LVH: 10 patients (1.52%). While CK peak values were similar in all categories, troponin I peak values were significantly higher in patients with LVH: mild LVH ([1.8 to 21] % higher than no-LVH patients, p&lt;0.02) and moderate/severe LVH ([7.8 to 35] % higher than no-LVH patients, p&lt;0.001). CONCLUSIONS We found that STEMI patients with LV hypertrophy (35% of our cohort) have significantly higher troponin release at the same level of CK release in comparison to patients without LV hypertrophy. In the presence of LV hypertrophy, troponin-I peak value significantly overestimates infarct size.
Four hour target prioritises the comparatively well
Authors: Simon Ashworth
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Whatever the merits of the four hour target for patients attending emergency departments—and these objectively seem to be confined to convenience—it has had a distorting effect on the management of patients.1234 It causes beds to be allocated to emergency patients over those being de-escalated from intensive care; this causes delays in admission to the intensive care unit, which is harmful. Lack of …
Cervical screening and risk of adenosquamous and rare histological types of invasive cervical carcinoma: population based nested case-control study
Authors: Jiayao Lei, Bengt Andrae, Alexander Ploner, Camilla Lagheden, Carina Eklund, Sara Nordqvist Kleppe, Jiangrong Wang, Fang Fang, Joakim Dillner, K Miriam Elfström, Pär Sparén
Journal: BMJ (2019)

To examine the association of cervical cytology screening with the risk of adenosquamous cell carcinoma (ASC) and rare histological types of invasive cervical carcinoma (RICC), using comprehensive registry data, and to assess tumour human papillomavirus status of ASC and RICC.Nationwide, population based, nested case-control study.Sweden.All cases of invasive cervical carcinoma in Sweden during 2002-11 (4254 confirmed cases after clinical and histopathological review). 338 cases were neither squamous cell carcinoma nor adenocarcinoma, including 164 cases of ASC and 174 cases of RICC (glassy cell carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, neuroendocrine cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma). 30 birth year matched controls from the general Swedish population were matched to each case by applying incidence density sampling.Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios, interpreted as incidence rate ratios, for risk of ASC and RICC in relation to screening status and screening history, adjusted for education. Human papillomavirus distribution of ASC and RICC was based on available archival tumour tissues from most Swedish pathology biobanks.Women with two screening tests in the previous two recommended screening intervals had a lower risk of ASC (incidence rate ratio 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.14 to 0.34) and RICC (0.34, 0.21 to 0.55), compared with women without any test. High risk human papillomavirus was detected in 148/211 (70%) cases with valid human papillomavirus results from tumour tissues. The risk reduction among women with tumours that were positive (incidence rate ratio 0.28, 0.18 to 0.46) and negative (0.27, 0.13 to 0.59) for high risk human papillomavirus was similar, compared with women who did not attend any test.Cervical screening is associated with reduced risk of ASC and RICC, and most ASC and RICC are positive for high risk human papillomavirus. This evidence provides a benchmark for evaluating future cervical screening strategies.
Poikilodermatous plaque-like hemangioma: Case series of a newly defined entity
Authors: Kristina Semkova, Richard Carr, Mark Grainger, Ruth Green, Abdul Hafejee, Areti Makrygeorgou, Lucy Melly, Luisa Motta, John Newsham, Caroline Owen, Joanne Sillars, Saleem Taibjee, Eduardo Calonje
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2019)
Abstract 5325: Electrical Storm: Role of Protein Phosphorylation Abnormalities and Ca2+-Calmodulin Related Signaling
Authors: Yukiomi Tsuji, Masahide Harada, Mayumi Hojo, Masayuki Shimano, Yasuya Inden, Toyoaki Murohara, Dobromir Dobrev, Stanley Nattel, Itsuo Kodama, Kaichiro Kamiya
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Electrical storm (ES), characterized by recurrent ventricular fibrillation (VF), causes sudden death in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) and adversely affects prognosis ...
Violaceous Nodules in an Annular Configuration Encircling an Orthotopic Liver Transplant Scar
Authors: Michelle W. Cheng, Young Mike Choi, David S. Cassarino
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2019)

A man in his 50s presented with an abdominal skin eruption of 2 days’ duration; his medical history included hepatitis C, cirrhosis, and an orthotopic liver transplant 3 years prior. What is your diagnosis?