tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Polygenic Scores to Assess Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Authors: Krishna G. Aragam, Pradeep Natarajan
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)

An individual’s susceptibility to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is influenced by numerous clinical and lifestyle factors, motivating the multifaceted approaches currently endorsed for primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention. With growing knowledge of the genetic basis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease—in particular, coronary artery disease—and its contribution to disease pathogenesis, there is increased interest in understanding the potential clinical utility of a genetic predictor that might further refine the assessment and management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. Rapid scientific and technological advances have enabled widespread genotyping efforts and dynamic research in the field of coronary artery disease genetic risk prediction. In this review, we describe how genomic analyses of coronary artery disease have been leveraged to create polygenic risk scores. We then discuss evaluations of the clinical utility of these scores, pertinent mechanistic insights gleaned, and practical considerations relevant to the implementation of polygenic risk scores in the health care setting.
One‐Step Photoactivation of a Dual‐Functionalized Bioink as Cell Carrier and Cartilage‐Binding Glue for Chondral Regeneration
Authors: Khoon S. Lim, Florencia Abinzano, Paulina Nuñez Bernal, Ane Albillos Sanchez, Pau Atienza‐Roca, Iris A. Otto, Quentin C. Peiffer, Michiya Matsusaki, Tim B. F. Woodfield, Jos Malda, Riccardo Levato
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Cartilage defects can result in pain, disability, and osteoarthritis. Hydrogels providing a chondroregeneration-permissive environment are often mechanically weak and display poor lateral integration into the surrounding cartilage. This study develops a visible-light responsive gelatin ink with enhanced interactions with the native tissue, and potential for intraoperative bioprinting. A dual-functionalized tyramine and methacryloyl gelatin (GelMA-Tyr) is synthesized. Photo-crosslinking of both groups is triggered in a single photoexposure by cell-compatible visible light in presence of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)dichlororuthenium(II) and sodium persulfate as initiators. Neo-cartilage formation from embedded chondroprogenitor cells is demonstrated in vitro, and the hydrogel is successfully applied as bioink for extrusion-printing. Visible light in situ crosslinking in cartilage defects results in no damage to the surrounding tissue, in contrast to the native chondrocyte death caused by UV light (365-400 nm range), commonly used in biofabrication. Tyramine-binding to proteins in native cartilage leads to a 15-fold increment in the adhesive strength of the bioglue compared to pristine GelMA. Enhanced adhesion is observed also when the ink is extruded as printable filaments into the defect. Visible-light reactive GelMA-Tyr bioinks can act as orthobiologic carriers for in situ cartilage repair, providing a permissive environment for chondrogenesis, and establishing safe lateral integration into chondral defects.
Inhaled corticosteroids and COVID-19: a systematic review and clinical perspective
Authors: David M.G. Halpin, Dave Singh, Ruth M. Hadfield
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>There is no evidence on benefits or harms of inhaled steroids in COVID-19. It is essential that epidemiological studies of COVID-19 include detailed information on comorbidities and prior medication to help answer this question.</b>https://bit.ly/2XVwIsa
Affordable Biologics for All
Authors: Joel Lexchin
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

To paraphrase something that Mark Twain is alleged to have said, "Everybody talks about drug prices, but nobody does anything about them."The last part of the paraphrase is not quite accurate, but to date, none of the major federal proposals to lower drug prices have been enacted, and state legislation, such as the California Preserving Access to Affordable Drugs Act, is under legal challenge from the pharmaceutical industry.Especially hard hit by high prices are uninsured patients who pay the list price.Cost-related treatment nonadherence in low-income US patients was almost 25% according to the results of the Commonwealth Fund 2014 International Health Policy Survey of Older Adults. 1 However, even patients covered through Medicare Part D are susceptible to high prices, as shown by Erath and Dusetzina 2 in this issue.The authors examined out-of-pocket spending on biologic medicines for patients with rheumatoid arthritis from 2010 through 2019.For the 6 of 17 products available over the entire period, implementation of the Patient Protection and AffordableCare Act was associated with mean annual out-of-pocket spending decreases from $6108 in 2010 to $4801 in 2019.However, most of the savings were associated with the mandatory manufacturer 50% rebate for drugs between 2010 and 2011 while patients were in the coverage gap.Putting aside that initial decrease, the mean out-of-pocket cost increased from $4026 in 2011 to $4801 in 2019, driven by price increases such as a median increase of 160% for the original 6 marketed drugs.Over
Practical recommendations for the management of diabetes in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Stefan R Bornstein, Francesco Rubino, Kamlesh Khunti, Geltrude Mingrone, David Hopkins, Andreas L Birkenfeld, Bernhard Boehm, Stephanie Amiel, Richard IG Holt, Jay S Skyler, J Hans DeVries, Eric Renard, Robert H Eckel, Paul Zimmet, Kurt George Alberti, Josep Vidal, Bruno Geloneze, Juliana C Chan, Linong Ji, Barbara Ludwig
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2020)
Epigenetic mechanisms and metabolic reprogramming in fibrogenesis: dual targeting of G9a and DNMT1 for the inhibition of liver fibrosis
Authors: Marina Barcena-Varela, Hannah Paish, Laura Alvarez, Iker Uriarte, Maria U Latasa, Eva Santamaria, Miriam Recalde, Maria Garate, Alex Claveria, Leticia Colyn, Maria Arechederra, Maria J Iraburu, Malgorzata Milkiewicz, Piotr Milkiewicz, Bruno Sangro, Stuart M Robinson, Jeremy French, Ana Pardo-Saganta, Julen Oyarzabal, Felipe Prosper, Krista Rombouts, Fiona Oakley, Jelena Mann, Carmen Berasain, Matias A Avila, Maite G Fernandez-Barrena
Journal: Gut (2020)

Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts is central to fibrogenesis. Epigenetic mechanisms, including histone and DNA methylation, play a key role in this process. Concerted action between histone and DNA-mehyltransferases like G9a and DNMT1 is a common theme in gene expression regulation. We aimed to study the efficacy of CM272, a first-in-class dual and reversible G9a/DNMT1 inhibitor, in halting fibrogenesis.G9a and DNMT1 were analysed in cirrhotic human livers, mouse models of liver fibrosis and cultured mouse HSC. G9a and DNMT1 expression was knocked down or inhibited with CM272 in human HSC (hHSC), and transcriptomic responses to transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) were examined. Glycolytic metabolism and mitochondrial function were analysed with Seahorse-XF technology. Gene expression regulation was analysed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and methylation-specific PCR. Antifibrogenic activity and safety of CM272 were studied in mouse chronic CCl4 administration and bile duct ligation (BDL), and in human precision-cut liver slices (PCLSs) in a new bioreactor technology.G9a and DNMT1 were detected in stromal cells in areas of active fibrosis in human and mouse livers. G9a and DNMT1 expression was induced during mouse HSC activation, and TGFβ1 triggered their chromatin recruitment in hHSC. G9a/DNMT1 knockdown and CM272 inhibited TGFβ1 fibrogenic responses in hHSC. TGFβ1-mediated profibrogenic metabolic reprogramming was abrogated by CM272, which restored gluconeogenic gene expression and mitochondrial function through on-target epigenetic effects. CM272 inhibited fibrogenesis in mice and PCLSs without toxicity.Dual G9a/DNMT1 inhibition by compounds like CM272 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treating liver fibrosis.
COVID-19 in Yemen: preparedness measures in a fragile state
Authors: Fekri Dureab, Sameh Al-Awlaqi, Albrecht Jahn
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2020)

health responses).On March 16, 2020, the government established a high intersectoral committee to control the COVID-19 outbreak with all the relevant ministries, including security authorities.Still, public communication and engagement with communities remains suboptimal and dependent on initiatives of individuals or humanitarian organisations.Yemen has structural vulnerabilities that have developed over a protracted period of conflict and poor governance, and its health system has suffered the most.To prevent a total collapse of Yemen's fragile health system, the government and the international community should act now more decisively.We declare no competing interests.
Reverse knuckle guidewire insertion technique for endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy using a novel 0.025-inch guidewire
Authors: Takeshi Ogura, Masanori Yamada, Tadahiro Yamada, Saori Ueno, Kazuhide Higuchi
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) is one of the biliary drainage options for patients in whom endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) fails [1] [2]. Technical tips for EUS-HGS are divided into several steps [3]. Among these steps, guidewire manipulation is one of most challenging parts of EUS-HGS [4]. In achieving successful guidewire insertion, selection of the guidewire is an important issue. A novel, 0.025-inch guidewire has recently become available in Japan (MICHISUJI; KANEKA Medical, Osaka, Japan) ([Fig. 1]). High flexibility, which is one of the characteristics of this guidewire, plays an especially important role in the safe guidewire technique, which we call “knuckle guidewire insertion” [5]. Herein, we describe technical tips for “reverse” knuckle guidewire insertion during EUS-HGS.
A Correction to the Research Article Titled: “Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Matrices for Enhanced Osteoregeneration” by S. Zeitouni, U. Krause, B. H. Clough, H. Halderman, A. Falster, D. T. Blalock, C. D. Chaput, H. W. Sampson, C. A. Gregory
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)
Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial
Authors: Yeming Wang, Dingyu Zhang, Guanhua Du, Ronghui Du, Jianping Zhao, Yang Jin, Shouzhi Fu, Ling Gao, Zhenshun Cheng, Qiaofa Lu, Yi Hu, Guangwei Luo, Ke Wang, Yang Lu, Huadong Li, Shuzhen Wang, Shunan Ruan, Chengqing Yang, Chunlin Mei, Yi Wang, Dan Ding, Feng Wu, Xin Tang, Xianzhi Ye, Yingchun Ye, Bing Liu, Jie Yang, Wen Yin, Aili Wang, Guohui Fan, Fei Zhou, Zhibo Liu, Xiaoying Gu, Jiuyang Xu, Lianhan Shang, Yi Zhang, Lianjun Cao, Tingting Guo, Yan Wan, Hong Qin, Yushen Jiang, Thomas Jaki, Frederick G Hayden, Peter W Horby, Bin Cao, Chen Wang
Journal: The Lancet (2020)
Covid-19 in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases — Case Series from New York
Authors: Rebecca Haberman, Jordan Axelrad, Alan Chen, Rochelle Castillo, Di Yan, Peter Izmirly, Andrea Neimann, Samrachana Adhikari, David Hudesman, Jose U. Scher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Covid-19 in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases The authors describe patients in New York City with known immune-mediated inflammatory disease in whom Covid-19 developed while they were receiving...
Covid-19: NHS will restart some paused services this week
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2020)

<h3>Objective</h3> Number of reflux episodes, an adjunctive metric on pH-impedance monitoring, is incompletely studied. We aimed to determine if number of reflux episodes associates with therapeutic outcome in regurgitation predominant gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD). <h3>Design</h3> We performed post hoc analysis of postintervention pH-impedance data from adult patients with moderate/severe regurgitation despite QD proton pump inhibitor (PPI), randomised to either two times a day PPI or magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) in 2:1 allocation. After 6 and 12 months, symptom response was defined by improvement in Foregut Symptom Questionnaire (FSQ) regurgitation score to none or minimal, ≥50% reduction in GERD health-related quality of life (HRQL) score and satisfaction with therapy. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine predictors of symptom improvement. <h3>Results</h3> Of 152 randomised patients, 123 (age 46.9±1.2 year, 43% female) had complete data. Symptom and satisfaction scores significantly improved after MSA compared with two times a day PPI. Both acid exposure time (13.4%±0.7% to 1.3±0.2%, p&lt;0.001) and reflux episodes (86±4 to 48±4, p&lt;0.001) declined with therapy. Reduction to &lt;40 reflux episodes was significantly more frequent in those with symptom response by FSQ regurgitation score, GERD HRQL score and satisfaction with therapy (p≤0.03 for each); &lt;35 episodes performed better on receiver operating characteristic analysis. On multivariate analysis, improvement in regurgitation score remained independently predictive of satisfaction with therapy (p&lt;0.001 for each). In patients crossing over to MSA, &gt;80 episodes pretreatment predicted improvement. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Reduction of reflux episodes on pH-impedance to physiological levels associates with improved outcomes, while pathological levels predict improvement with MSA in regurgitation predominant GERD. <h3>Trail registration number</h3> ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02505945.
Methotrexate and Adverse Events in CIRT Secondary Analysis
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Evaluation of Hospice Enrollment and Family and Unpaid Caregivers’ Experiences With Health Care Workers in the Care of Older Adults During the Last Month of Life
Authors: Jennifer L. Wolff, Vicki A. Freedman, Katherine A. Ornstein, John F. Mulcahy, Judith D. Kasper
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

never asked by health care workers if they needed help managing care, and just half of caregivers who assisted with symptom management received training.While training was more common among caregivers assisting older adults enrolled in hospice, findings indicate room for improvement.End-of-life care increasingly involves hospice and occurs in the community; however, concerns about delayed hospice enrollment and burdensome end-of-life care persist. 1,3,6This study does not provide insight into specific factors affecting caregiver experiences or hospice enrollment.Nevertheless, the findings substantiate the feasibility and importance of monitoring the experiences of family members, who are often heavily involved in end-of-life care. 2 Enhanced assessment of the end-of-life caregiving experience will be possible via annual NSOC data collection, beginning in 2021.
GPs in south London have direct access to screening service
Authors: S. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--Bob Ryder encourages those engaged in screening for diabetic retinopathy to use both of the two main methods of retinal examination: direct ophthalmoscopy and retinal photography.1 Photography has the advantage of providing a permanent record so that progression of retinopathy can readily be monitored, and if Polaroid prints are used they can be shown to the patient to indicate the importance of the eye test. Ophthalmoscopy can detect smaller lesions, can be used to check the peripheral retina, and can be …
An anti-inflammatory eicosanoid switch mediates the suppression of type-2 inflammation by helminth larval products
Authors: Marta de los Reyes Jiménez, Antonie Lechner, Francesca Alessandrini, Sina Bohnacker, Sonja Schindela, Aurélien Trompette, Pascal Haimerl, Dominique Thomas, Fiona Henkel, André Mourão, Arie Geerlof, Clarissa Prazeres da Costa, Adam M. Chaker, Bernhard Brüne, Rolf Nüsing, Per-Johan Jakobsson, Wolfgang A. Nockher, Matthias J. Feige, Martin Haslbeck, Caspar Ohnmacht, Benjamin J. Marsland, David Voehringer, Nicola L. Harris, Carsten B. Schmidt-Weber, Julia Esser-von Bieren
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2020)

A helminth larval extract and its component Hpb glutamate dehydrogenase induce an anti-inflammatory mediator switch to suppress type-2 inflammation.
Progesterone Exposure and Breast Cancer Risk—Addressing Barriers
Authors: Seema A. Khan
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Britton Trabert, PhD; Doug C. Bauer, MD; Diana S. M. Buist, MD; Jane A. Cauley, DrPH; Roni T. Falk, MS; Ashley M. Geczik, MPH; Gretchen L. Gierach, PhD; Manila Hada, PhD; Trisha F. Hue, PhD; James V. Lacey Jr, PhD; Andrea Z. LaCroix, PhD; Jeffrey A. Tice, MD; Xia Xu, PhD; Cher M. Dallal, PhD; Louise A. Brinton, PhD
Health Insurance Status and Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes With COVID-19 Among U.S. Health Care Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: David U. Himmelstein, Steffie Woolhandler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Background: Li Wenliang, the Chinese physician who raised the first alarm about COVID-19, died of the disease on 7 February.Since then, the pandemic has taken the lives of at least 200 other doctors and nurses (1); lower-paid health care workers filling essential roles may be similarly imperiled.In recent weeks, hospitals in some regions of the United States have been inundated with COVID-19 patients, thousands of nursing home residents have died of the disease, and many infected persons remain at home.Caregivers in these venues are at risk for exposure.Objective: To assess the number of U.S. health care workers providing direct patient care who have risk factors for a poor outcome if they develop COVID-19 or who lack health insurance or sick leave.Methods and Findings: We analyzed the most recently available data from 2 in-person surveys of nationally representative samples of the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population: the 2018 National Health Interview Survey (n = 72 831) and the March 2019 Current Population Survey (CPS) (n = 180 101).We generated national estimates (and 95% CIs) by using weights provided in the surveys; the surveyfreq procedure in This article was published at Annals.org on 28 April 2020.Figure.Flow charts showing data sources and inclusion criteria for cohorts analyzed.
Does <i>N</i>-Terminal Pro–B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Improve the Risk Stratification of Emergency Department Patients With Syncope?
Authors: Venkatesh Thiruganasambandamoorthy, Andrew D. McRae, Brian H. Rowe, Marco L.A. Sivilotti, Muhammad Mukarram, Marie-Joe Nemnom, Ronald A. Booth, Lisa A. Calder, Ian G. Stiell, George A. Wells, Wei Cheng, Monica Taljaard
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Background: Studies have reported that natriuretic peptides provide prognostic information for emergency department (ED) syncope. Objective: To evaluate whether adding N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) to the Canadian Syncope Risk Score (CSRS) improves prediction of 30-day serious adverse events (SAEs). Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: 6 EDs in 2 Canadian provinces. Participants: 1452 adult ED patients with syncope. Intervention: Serum NT-proBNP was measured locally at 1 site and batch processed at a central laboratory from other sites. The concentrations were not available to treating physicians or for adjudication of outcomes. Measurements: An adjudicated composite outcome of 30-day SAEs, including death and cardiac (arrhythmic and nonarrhythmic) and noncardiac events. Results: Of 1452 patients enrolled, 152 (10.5% [95% CI, 9.0% to 12.1%]) had 30-day SAEs, 57 (3.9%) of which were identified after the index ED disposition. Serum NT-proBNP concentrations were significantly higher among patients with SAEs than those without them (median, 626.5 ng/L vs. 81 ng/L; P < 0.001). Adding NT-proBNP values to the CSRS did not significantly improve prognostication (c-statistic, 0.89 and 0.90; P = 0.12 for difference), regardless of SAE subgroup or whether the SAE was identified after the index ED visit. The net reclassification index shows that NT-proBNP would have correctly reclassified 3% of patients with SAEs at the expense of incorrectly reclassifying 2% of patients without SAEs. Limitations: Our study was powered to detect a 3% difference in the area under the curve. The heterogeneity of outcomes and robust baseline discrimination by the CSRS will make improvements challenging. Conclusion: Although serum NT-proBNP concentrations were generally much higher among ED patients with syncope who had a 30-day SAE, this blood test added little new information to the CSRS. Routine use of NT-proBNP for ED syncope prognostication is not recommended. Primary Funding Source: Physicians' Services Incorporated Foundation, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and The Ottawa Hospital Academic Medical Organization.
New York Hospital Was Likely Source of Young Man’s HIV Infection
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal