tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Association of Dietary Choline and Betaine With the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: Daniel T. Dibaba, Karen C. Johnson, Anna M. Kucharska-Newton, Katie Meyer, Steven H. Zeisel, Aurelian Bidulescu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

OBJECTIVE To examine the association between dietary intake of choline and betaine and the risk of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Among 13,440 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study participants, the prospective longitudinal association between dietary choline and betaine intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes was assessed using interval-censored Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models adjusted for baseline potential confounding variables. RESULTS Among 13,440 participants (55% women, mean age 54 [SD 7.4] years), 1,396 developed incident type 2 diabetes during median follow-up of 9 years from 1987 to 1998. There was no statistically significant association between every 1-SD increase in dietary choline and risk of type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] 1.01 [95% CI 0.87, 1.16]) nor between dietary betaine intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes (HR 1.01 [0.94, 1.10]). Those in the highest quartile of dietary choline intake did not have a statistically significant higher risk of type 2 diabetes than those in the lowest choline quartile (HR 1.09 [0.84, 1.42]); similarly, dietary betaine intake was not associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes comparing the highest quartile to the lowest (HR 1.06 [0.87, 1.29]). Among women, there was a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, comparing the highest to lowest dietary choline quartile (HR 1.54 [1.06, 2.25]), while in men, the association was null (HR 0.82 [0.57, 1.17]). Nevertheless, there was a nonsignificant interaction between high choline intake and sex on the risk of type 2 diabetes (P = 0.07). The results from logistic regression were similar. CONCLUSIONS Overall and among male participants, dietary choline or betaine intakes were not associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. Among female participants, there was a trend for a modestly higher risk of type 2 diabetes among those with the highest as compared with the lowest quartile of dietary choline intake. Our study should inform clinical trials on dietary choline and betaine supplementation in relationship with the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Reconfiguring Medical Education
Authors: Jennifer M. Connell, Jan A. Niec, Kayvon F. Sharif
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Infants with Congenital Disorders Identified Through Newborn Screening — United States, 2015–2017
Authors: Marci K. Sontag, Careema Yusuf, Scott D. Grosse, Sari Edelman, Joshua I. Miller, Sarah McKasson, Yvonne Kellar-Guenther, Marcus Gaffney, Cynthia F. Hinton, Carla Cuthbert, Sikha Singh, Jelili Ojodu, Stuart K. Shapira
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

Newborn screening (NBS) identifies infants at risk for congenital disorders for which early intervention has been shown to improve outcomes (1). State public health programs are encouraged to screen for disorders on the national Recommended Uniform Screening Panel (RUSP), which increased from 29 disorders in 2005 to 35 in 2018.* The RUSP includes hearing loss (HL) and critical congenital heart defects, which can be detected through point-of-care screening, and 33 disorders detected through laboratory screening of dried blood spot (DBS) specimens. Numbers of cases for 33 disorders on the RUSP (32 DBS disorders and HL) reported by 50 U.S. state programs were tabulated. The three subtypes of sickle cell disease (SCD) listed as separate disorders on the RUSP (S,S disease; S,beta-thalassemia; and S,C disease) were combined for the current analysis, and the frequencies of the resulting disorders were calculated relative to annual births. During 2015-2017, the overall prevalence was 34.0 per 10,000 live births. Applying that frequency to 3,791,712 live births in 2018,† approximately 12,900 infants are expected to be identified each year with one of the disorders included in the study. The most prevalent disorder is HL (16.5 per 10,000), and the most prevalent DBS disorders are primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) (6.0 per 10,000), SCD (4.9 per 10,000), and cystic fibrosis (CF) (1.8 per 10,000). Notable changes in prevalence for each of these disorders have occurred since the previous estimates based on 2006 births (2). The number of infants identified at a national level highlights the effect that NBS programs are having on infant health through early detection, intervention, and potential improved health, regardless of geographic, racial/ethnic, or socioeconomic differences.
Activation of acid-sensing ion channel 3 by lysophosphatidylcholine 16:0 mediates psychological stress-induced fibromyalgia-like pain
Authors: Chih-Hsien Hung, Cheng-Han Lee, Ming-Hsien Tsai, Chu-Huang Chen, Hsiu-Fen Lin, Chung-Yao Hsu, Chiou-Lian Lai, Chih-Cheng Chen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Fibromyalgia is commonly considered a stress-related chronic pain disorder, and daily stressors are known triggers. However, the relation between stress and pain development remains poorly defined by clinical approaches. Also, the aetiology remains largely unknown.We used a newly developed mouse model and lipidomic approaches to probe the causation and explore the biological plausibility for how perceived stress translates into chronic non-inflammatory pain. Clinical and lipidomic investigations of fibromyalgia were conducted for human validation.Using non-painful sound stimuli as psychological stressors, we demonstrated that mice developed long-lasting non-inflammatory hyperalgesia after repeated and intermittent sound stress exposure. Elevated serum malondialdehyde level in stressed mice indicated excessive oxidative stress and lipid oxidative damage. Lipidomics revealed upregulation of lysophosphatidylcholine 16:0 (LPC16:0), a product of lipid oxidisation, in stressed mice. Intramuscular LPC16:0 injection triggered nociceptive responses and a hyperalgesic priming-like effect that caused long-lasting hypersensitivity. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of acid-sensing ion channel 3 impeded the development of LPC16:0-induced chronic hyperalgesia. Darapladib and antioxidants could effectively alleviate the stress-induced hyperalgesia by inhibiting LPC16:0 synthesis. Clinical investigations showed that excessive oxidative stress and LPC16:0 expression also exist in patients with fibromyalgia. Moreover, LPC16:0 expression was correlated with pain symptoms in patients with high oxidative stress and disease severity.Our study provides experimental evidence for the causal effect of psychological stressors on chronic pain development. The findings identify a possible pathophysiological mechanism of stress-induced chronic non-inflammatory pain at molecular, behavioural and clinical levels that might indicate a new therapeutic approach for fibromyalgia.
Oral Health in Medicare
Authors: Leah I. Leinbach, Amber Willink
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Adverse outcomes and mortality in users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2: A Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Lars Christian Lund, Kasper Bruun Kristensen, Mette Reilev, Steffen Christensen, Reimar Wernich Thomsen, Christian Fynbo Christiansen, Henrik Støvring, Nanna Borup Johansen, Nikolai Constantin Brun, Jesper Hallas, Anton Pottegård
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2020)

Background Concerns over the safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have been raised. We studied whether use of NSAIDs was associated with adverse outcomes and mortality during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods and findings We conducted a population-based cohort study using Danish administrative and health registries. We included individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the period 27 February 2020 to 29 April 2020. NSAID users (defined as individuals having filled a prescription for NSAIDs up to 30 days before the SARS-CoV-2 test) were matched to up to 4 non-users on calendar week of the test date and propensity scores based on age, sex, relevant comorbidities, and use of selected prescription drugs. The main outcome was 30-day mortality, and NSAID users were compared to non-users using risk ratios (RRs) and risk differences (RDs). Secondary outcomes included hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, and acute renal replacement therapy. A total of 9,236 SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive individuals were eligible for inclusion. The median age in the study cohort was 50 years, and 58% were female. Of these, 248 (2.7%) had filled a prescription for NSAIDs, and 535 (5.8%) died within 30 days. In the matched analyses, treatment with NSAIDs was not associated with 30-day mortality (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.82, p = 0.95; RD 0.1%, 95% CI −3.5% to 3.7%, p = 0.95), risk of hospitalization (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.53, p = 0.31; RD 3.3%, 95% CI −3.4% to 10%, p = 0.33), ICU admission (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.54 to 2.02, p = 0.90; RD 0.2%, 95% CI −3.0% to 3.4%, p = 0.90), mechanical ventilation (RR 1.14, 95% CI 0.56 to 2.30, p = 0.72; RD 0.5%, 95% CI −2.5% to 3.6%, p = 0.73), or renal replacement therapy (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.24 to 3.09, p = 0.81; RD −0.2%, 95% CI −2.0% to 1.6%, p = 0.81). The main limitations of the study are possible exposure misclassification, as not all individuals who fill an NSAID prescription use the drug continuously, and possible residual confounding by indication, as NSAIDs may generally be prescribed to healthier individuals due to their side effects, but on the other hand may also be prescribed for early symptoms of severe COVID-19. Conclusions Use of NSAIDs was not associated with 30-day mortality, hospitalization, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, or renal replacement therapy in Danish individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Trial registration The European Union electronic Register of Post-Authorisation Studies EUPAS34734
Exploring the coronavirus pandemic with the WashU Virus Genome Browser
Authors: Jennifer A. Flynn, Deepak Purushotham, Mayank N. K. Choudhary, Xiaoyu Zhuo, Changxu Fan, Gavriel Matt, Daofeng Li, Ting Wang
Journal: Nature Genetics (2020)

The WashU Virus Genome Browser is a web-based portal for efficient visualization of viral 'omics' data in the context of a variety of annotation tracks and host infection responses. The browser features both a phylogenetic-tree-based view and a genomic-coordinate, track-based view in which users can analyze the sequence features of viral genomes, sequence diversity among viral strains, genomic sites of diagnostic tests, predicted immunogenic epitopes and a continuously updated repository of publicly available genomic datasets.
Nonmetastatic, Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer and Survival with Darolutamide
Authors: Karim Fizazi, Neal Shore, Teuvo L. Tammela, Albertas Ulys, Egils Vjaters, Sergey Polyakov, Mindaugas Jievaltas, Murilo Luz, Boris Alekseev, Iris Kuss, Marie-Aude Le Berre, Oana Petrenciuc, Amir Snapir, Toni Sarapohja, Matthew R. Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Darolutamide is a structurally distinct androgen-receptor inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of nonmetastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer. In the planned primary analysis of a phase 3 trial, the median metastasis-free survival was significantly longer with darolutamide (40.4 months) than with placebo (18.4 months). The data for the analysis of overall survival were immature at the time of the primary analysis.
Circadian VIPergic Neurons of the Suprachiasmatic Nuclei Sculpt the Sleep-Wake Cycle
Authors: Ben Collins, Sara Pierre-Ferrer, Christine Muheim, David Lukacsovich, Yuchen Cai, Andrea Spinnler, Carolina Gutierrez Herrera, Shao’Ang Wen, Jochen Winterer, Mino D.C. Belle, Hugh D. Piggins, Michael Hastings, Andrew Loudon, Jun Yan, Csaba Földy, Antoine Adamantidis, Steven A. Brown
Journal: Neuron (2020)

Although the mammalian rest-activity cycle is controlled by a "master clock" in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, it is unclear how firing of individual SCN neurons gates individual features of daily activity. Here, we demonstrate that a specific transcriptomically identified population of mouse VIP+ SCN neurons is active at the "wrong" time of day—nighttime—when most SCN neurons are silent. Using chemogenetic and optogenetic strategies, we show that these neurons and their cellular clocks are necessary and sufficient to gate and time nighttime sleep but have no effect upon daytime sleep. We propose that mouse nighttime sleep, analogous to the human siesta, is a "hard-wired" property gated by specific neurons of the master clock to favor subsequent alertness prior to dawn (a circadian "wake maintenance zone"). Thus, the SCN is not simply a 24-h metronome: specific populations sculpt critical features of the sleep-wake cycle.
Corrigendum to “Antibiotic Treatment Drives the Diversification of the Human Gut Resistome” [Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics 17 (1) (2019) 39–51]
Authors: Jun Li, Elizabeth A. Rettedal, Eric van der Helm, Mostafa Ellabaan, Gianni Panagiotou, Morten O.A. Sommer
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2020)
The Complement System of Man
Authors: Shaun Ruddy, Irma Gigli, K. Frank Austen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Acquired AbnormalitiesAlterations in the complement system associated with human disease have been appreciated since early in this century,152 but only within recent years have measurements of serum complement components become clinically available. Interpretations of complement levels in pathologic states, however, must be made with caution. A finding of normal serum levels does not exclude processes involving activation of the complement system: the level may be maintained by increases in synthetic rate, or serum levels may not reflect intense local activation. Conversely, depressed levels may be due to diseases that damage the synthetic mechanism.In the discussion that follows no . . .
AB0108 Complications and formal pathogenesis of progressive systemic sclerosis. a retrospective study
Authors: M Bély, T Szentjóbi Szabó, P Kapp, Á Apáthy, M Stancikova, R Istok
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Progressive systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disorder anatomically characterised mainly by successive fibromuscular intimal proliferation of the blood vessels and by the increase of collagen fibres in various organs. The disease is, in general, characterised by the extent of the process and by the stage of the changes. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to determine the main complications of SSc in various organs and histologically characterise the interstitial fibrotic process of SSc patients who died in different stages of their disease. <h3>Methods</h3> A randomised autopsy population of 11 in-patients (female 10, average age: 53.6 years; male 1, age of 65 years at death), with clinically confirmed SSc was investigated retrospectively. 30–100 tissue samples from each patient were serially cut and stained with H-E, or picrosirius red F3BA.<sup>1,2</sup> <h3>Results</h3> In 10 of 11 cases, SSc was complicated by a wide spectrum of histological changes of the blood vessels. The lungs showed complex abnormalities such as vascular changes, interstitial pneumonitis, fibrosis or honeycomb-lungs in 6 of 11 patients. In the heart the complex vascular changes were accompanied by multifocal myocardiocytolysis and/or endo-myocardial fibrosis, which led to circulatory failure in 5 of 11 cases. Complex nephropathy in 10 of 11 patients was characterised by interstitial nephritis and/or fibrosis, by mesangioproliferative or membranous glomerulonephritis, and by multifocal cortical (tubular) necrosis. These renal changes led to uremia in 6 of 11 cases. Multifocal acute pancreatitis (of vascular origin) was observed in 6 of 11 cases. Different tissues and organs were affected to varying degrees, and the anatomic changes were simultaneously present in different stages at various sites. In all cases SSc was the basic disease which led to death. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Anatomic changes could be seen in the early, advanced or late stages of the disease, essentially related to the chronology of the progressive sclerotizing process. SSc can be considered to be a progressive mulitfocal process characterised by simultaneous histological changes in different stages of their progression. In the course of the disease new foci form, which increase and become confluent, ultimately leading to diffuse, systemic interstitial sclerosis. (Supported by ETT Project T-11 226/99 of the Hungarian Ministry of Health). <h3>References</h3> Sweat F, <i>et al</i>. Arch Path. 1964;78:69–72 Constantine VS, Mowry RW. J Invest Dermatol. 1968;<b>50</b>:419–23
Enrichment of Rare Variants in Loeys–Dietz Syndrome Genes in Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection but Not in Severe Fibromuscular Dysplasia
Authors: Aline Verstraeten, Melanie H.A.M. Perik, Anna A. Baranowska, Josephina A.N. Meester, Lotte Van Den Heuvel, Jarl Bastianen, Marlies Kempers, Ingrid P.C. Krapels, Angela Maas, Andrea Rideout, Anthony Vandersteen, Glenda Sobey, Diana Johnson, Erik Fransen, Neeti Ghali, Tom Webb, Abtehale Al-Hussaini, Peter de Leeuw, Philippe Delmotte, Marilucy Lopez-Sublet, Marco Pappaccogli, Muriel Sprynger, Laurent Toubiana, Lut Van Laer, Fleur S. Van Dijk, Miikka Vikkula, Nilesh J. Samani, Alexandre Persu, David Adlam, Bart Loeys, Christophe Beauloye, Patrick Chenu, Frank Hammer, Pierre Goffette, Parla Astarci, André Peeters, Robert Verhelst, Patricia Van der Niepen, Frank Van Tussenbroek, Tine De Backer, Sofie Gevaert, Dimitri Hemelsoet, Luc Defreyne, Hilde Heuten, Laetitia Yperzeele, Thijs Van der Zijden, Jean-Philippe Lengelé, Jean-Marie Krzesinski, Peter Verhamme, Thomas Vanassche, Pasquale Scoppettuolo, Jean-Claude Wautrecht, Bojan Jelaković, Zivka Dika, Rosa Maria Bruno, Stefano Taddei, Caterina Romanini, Ilaria Petrucci, Franco Rabbia, Silvia Di Monaco, Gian Paolo Rossi, Silvia Lerco, Pietro Minuz, Giancarlo Mansueto, Sergio De Marchi, Denise Marcon, Bram Kroon, Wilko Spiering, Bert-Jan van den Born, Esteban Poch, Enrique Montagud-Marrahi, Alicia Molina, Elena Guillen, Marta Burrel, Gregor Wuerzner, Lucia Mazzolai, Giacomo Buso
Journal: Circulation (2020)
The Pathological Evolution of Glucose Response Curves During the Progression to Type 1 Diabetes in the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study
Authors: Heba M. Ismail, Mario A. Cleves, Ping Xu, Ingrid M. Libman, Dorothy J. Becker, Jennifer B. Marks, Jay S. Skyler, Jerry P. Palmer, Jay M. Sosenko
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

OBJECTIVE Glucose response curves (GRCs) during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) are predictive of type 1 diabetes. We performed a longitudinal analysis in pancreatic autoantibody-positive individuals to assess 1) characteristic GRC changes during progression to type 1 diabetes and 2) GRC changes in relation to β-cell function changes and to combined glucose and C-peptide response curve (GCRC) changes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Among antibody-positive individuals with serial OGTTs in the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study, GRC changes from first to last OGTTs were compared between progressors (n = 298) to type 1 diabetes and nonprogressors (n = 2,216). GRC changes from last OGTT before diagnosis to diagnostic OGTTs were studied in progressors. RESULTS GRCs changed more frequently from biphasic (two peaks) to monophasic (one peak) GRCs between first and last OGTTs in progressors than in nonprogressors (75.4% vs. 51.0%, respectively; P &amp;lt; 0.001). In contrast, GRCs of progressors changed less frequently from monophasic to biphasic than those of nonprogressors (12.6% vs. 30.6%; P &amp;lt; 0.001). Monotonic (continuous increase) GRCs were present in 47.7% of progressors at diagnosis. The early (30–0 min) C-peptide response decreased in progressors with GRCs changing from biphasic to monophasic between first and last OGTTs (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and from monophasic to monotonic between last and diagnostic OGTTs (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Conversely, the early C-peptide response increased among nonprogressors with GRCs changing from monophasic to biphasic (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Changes in GRCs were related to changes in GCRCs. CONCLUSIONS Characteristic GRC changes, biphasic to monophasic to monotonic, occur during the progression to type 1 diabetes. These GRC changes correspond to decreasing β-cell function.
Enhancing KDM5A and TLR activity improves the response to immune checkpoint blockade
Authors: Liangliang Wang, Yan Gao, Gao Zhang, Dan Li, Zhenda Wang, Jie Zhang, Leandro C. Hermida, Lei He, Zhisong Wang, Jingwen Si, Shuang Geng, Rizi Ai, Fei Ning, Chaoran Cheng, Haiteng Deng, Dimiter S. Dimitrov, Yan Sun, Yanyi Huang, Dong Wang, Xiaoyu Hu, Zhi Wei, Wei Wang, Xuebin Liao
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2020)

The bifunctional compound D18 improves checkpoint blockade efficacy by increasing KDM5A and PD-L1 abundance and inducing TLR7/8 activation.
Case 28-2020: A 64-Year-Old Man with Intrusive Thoughts and Fear of Being Poisoned
Authors: Nhi-Ha T. Trinh, Olivia Apollon, Stephanie A. Collier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

A 64-year-old man was evaluated at the geriatric psychiatry clinic for chronic depression, intrusive thoughts, and fear of being poisoned. The patient grew up in Haiti, where he, his siblings and relatives, and many community members observed Vodou and Santeria beliefs and practiced tarot card reading. Diagnostic and management decisions were made.