tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Re-presenting the case for representation
Authors: Benjamin W. Tatler
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

O'Regan &amp; Noë (O&amp;N) present the most radical departure yet from traditional approaches to visual perception. However, internal representation cannot yet be abandoned. I will discuss: (1) recent evidence for very short-term pictorial representation of each fixation; (2) the possibility of abstract representation, largely unconsidered by the authors; and (3) that sensorimotor contingency theory requires internal visual retention and comparison.
Abstract P2-01-12: Detection of circulating cancer stem cells: A novel approach as a predictive marker for breast cancer metastases. This may be especially useful in patients with undetectable circulating epithelial tumor cells
Authors: M Pizon, D Schott, U Pachmann, K Pachmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women worldwide. It has been demonstrated that even localized tumors without clinically apparent metastases give rise to circulating epithelial tumor cells (CETCs). Recent studies have provided strong support for the circulating cancer stem cell (cCSC) hypothesis, which suggests that a more aggressive subpopulation of circulating tumor cells are the source of metastatic spread from the primary tumor. Measuring CETCs in blood of patients has emerged as a non-invasive diagnostic procedure for screening patients who may be at high risk for developing metastatic cancers. However, accurate detection of CETCs may provide erroneous results, since CETCs undergoing EMT during metastasis are down-regulated for the expression of epithelial cell markers. Methods: 26 breast cancer patients were included into the study. The determination of CETCs and cCSC was performed using maintrac® method and tumorsphere forming assay, respectively. Cell viability, surface marker expression and ALDH 1 activity of the cells in the spheres were evaluated by fluorescence scanning microscope. Results: Sphere formation was observed in 80 % of patients. We found that the number of tumorspheres depended on stage of disease. The number of tumorspheres increased significantly with tumor progression, especially with the presence of metastases. Tumorsphere formation was observed in all metastatic patients (median of 30 tumorspheres/100μl of blood), although only 27% of them had detectable CETCs. Analysis of surface marker expression profile showed that the cells in the spheres had typical phenotype of cancer stem cells. Sphere formation was not observed in healthy subjects (n=20). Conclusion: There is a high correlation between the numbers of tumorspheres cultured from peripheral blood with clinical stage of disease. This may be an indicator of tumor aggressiveness, especially presence of metastases and may provide clinically useful prognostic information. Citation Format: Pizon M, Schott D, Pachmann U, Pachmann K. Detection of circulating cancer stem cells: A novel approach as a predictive marker for breast cancer metastases. This may be especially useful in patients with undetectable circulating epithelial tumor cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-01-12.
Obesity rates are increasing more rapidly in rural areas than in cities
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Global strategies to combat rising obesity may need to be reconsidered, as a new major study finds obesity rates have risen more rapidly in rural areas than in cities.1

The study, which involved more than 1000 researchers across the world and over 2000 population based studies, analysed global trends in body mass index (BMI) using height and weight data for more than 112 million adults across 200 countries between 1985 and …
Abstract OT2-02-01: A confirmation study of omitting axillary dissection in patients with breast cancer and positive sentinel nodes
Authors: N Jibiki, A Hirano, T Ochi, A Sakamoto, K Horiuchi, E Noguchi, Y Omi, K Ogura, H Inoue, T Kamio, Y Naritaka, M Fujibayashi, K Hiroshima, Y Nagashima, S Sakai, K Karasawa, T Okamoto
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background The omission of axillary dissection for positive sentinel-node breast cancer is considered the standard treatment for patients who undergo breast conserving surgery and radiation therapy, according to the results of ACOSOG-Z0011 and AMAROS trials. On the other hand, some surgeons still think that the surgical stress of axillary dissection is minimal, and dissection is permitted. Furthermore, Z0011 contains several problems, such as insufficient number of entry cases and lack of radiation field unity. Thus, we planned a prospective trial to confirm the safety of omitting axillary dissection in patients with breast cancer and positive sentinel nodes. Trial design This is a single arm, confirmation study of three medical centers. Prior to surgery, informed consent is obtained, and patients are registered primarily. After surgery, patients with 1 to 2 positive sentinel nodes, for whom axillary dissection was omitted, are finally included in this trial at final registration. Eligibility criteria Patients with histologically-diagnosed breast cancer, Tis–2, N0 based on a core needle biopsy, will be included in this trial. Eligible patients must be between 20 and 80 years of age, with a performance status of 0–2 and adequate organ function. They must not have undergone any prior operation, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, or immunotherapy. Specific aims The primary endpoint is 5-year (y) axillary recurrence rate. Secondary endpoints are 5-y overall survival, 5-y recurrence-free survival, 5-y local recurrence-free survival, the rate of upper-limb lymphedema, quality of life, and comparison of axillary recurrence rates between patients with two or more dissected nodes and those with only one positive node. Statistical methods The expected rate of axillary recurrence is 2.0%, and non-inferiority is defined as an axillary recurrence lesser than or equal to 5% in the axillary radiotherapy group. The sample size was calculated with a study power of 80% and type I error of 10% (two-sided). The required number of patients is estimated to be 189. Present and target accrual Patient accrual from the three medical centers was initiated in July 2016. We plan to enroll a total of 189 patients at final registration in this trial. Citation Format: Jibiki N, Hirano A, Ochi T, Sakamoto A, Horiuchi K, Noguchi E, Omi Y, Ogura K, Inoue H, Kamio T, Naritaka Y, Fujibayashi M, Hiroshima K, Nagashima Y, Sakai S, Karasawa K, Okamoto T. A confirmation study of omitting axillary dissection in patients with breast cancer and positive sentinel nodes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-02-01.
Sleep-Deprived Young Drivers and the Risk for Crash
Authors: Alexandra Martiniuk, Teresa Senserrick, Serigne Lo, Ann Williamson, Wei Du, Ronald Grunstein, Mark Woodward, Nick Glozier, Mark Stevenson, Robyn Norton, Rebecca Ivers
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Importance Short sleep duration is common in adolescents and young adults, and short sleep duration is a risk factor for motor vehicle crash. Objective To assess the association between hours of sleep and the risk for motor vehicle crash, including the time of day of crash and types of crash (single, multiple vehicle, run off road, and intersection). Design Prospective cohort study. Setting New South Wales, Australia. Participants Questionnaire responses were obtained from 20 822 newly licensed drivers aged 17 to 24 years. Participants held a first-stage provisional license between June 2003 and December 2004 prospectively linked to licensing and police-reported crash data, with an average of 2 years of follow-up. Analyses were conducted on a subsample of 19 327 participants for which there was full information. Exposure Sleeping 6 or fewer hours per night. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome variable was police-reported crash. Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to investigate the role of sleep duration on the risk for crash. Results On average, those who reported sleeping 6 or fewer hours per night had an increased risk for crash compared with those who reported sleeping more than 6 hours (relative risk [RR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.04-1.41). Less weekend sleep was significantly associated with an increased risk for run-off-road crashes (RR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.21-2.00). Crashes for individuals who had less sleep per night (on average and on weekends) were significantly more likely to occur between 8 pm and 6 am (RR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.11-3.13, for midnight to 5:59 am and RR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.15-2.39, for 8:00 pm to 11:59 pm). Conclusions and Relevance Less sleep per night significantly increased the risk for crash for young drivers. Less sleep on weekend nights increased the risk for run-off-road crashes and crashes occurring in the late-night hours. This provides rationale for governments and health care providers to address sleep-related crashes among young drivers.
Abstract 16039: Quality of Life, Anxiety and Depression of Pediatric Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy at a Large Pediatric Center
Authors: Erica Del Grippo, Seth Gray, Erin Miller, Constance A Mara, Peace Madueme, Richard J Czosek, John L Jefferies
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common disease with heterogeneous clinical presentation and risk of sudden cardiac death. In pediatrics, HCM is the most common cause of sudden ca...
Extended delivery of vaccines to the skin improves immune responses
Authors: Jessica C. Joyce, Hila E. Sella, Heather Jost, Matthew J. Mistilis, E. Stein Esser, Pallab Pradhan, Randall Toy, Marcus L. Collins, Paul A. Rota, Krishnendu Roy, Ioanna Skountzou, Richard W. Compans, M. Steven Oberste, William C. Weldon, James J. Norman, Mark R. Prausnitz
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2019)
Differential roles of STAT1 and STAT2 in the sensitivity of JAK2V617F- vs. BCR-ABL-positive cells to interferon alpha
Authors: Claudia Schubert, Manuel Allhoff, Stefan Tillmann, Tiago Maié, Ivan G. Costa, Daniel B. Lipka, Mirle Schemionek, Kristina Feldberg, Julian Baumeister, Tim H. Brümmendorf, Nicolas Chatain, Steffen Koschmieder
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2019)

Interferon alpha (IFNa) monotherapy is recommended as the standard therapy in polycythemia vera (PV) but not in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Here, we investigated the mechanisms of IFNa efficacy in JAK2V617F- vs. BCR-ABL-positive cells. Gene expression microarrays and RT-qPCR of PV vs. CML patient PBMCs and CD34+ cells and of the murine cell line 32D expressing JAK2V617F or BCR-ABL were used to analyze and compare interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression. Furthermore, using CRISPR/Cas9n technology, targeted disruption of STAT1 or STAT2, respectively, was performed in 32D-BCR-ABL and 32D-JAK2V617F cells to evaluate the role of these transcription factors for IFNa efficacy. The knockout cell lines were reconstituted with STAT1, STAT2, STAT1Y701F, or STAT2Y689F to analyze the importance of wild-type and phosphomutant STATs for the IFNa response. ChIP-seq and ChIP were performed to correlate histone marks with ISG expression. Microarray analysis and RT-qPCR revealed significant upregulation of ISGs in 32D-JAK2V617F but downregulation in 32D-BCR-ABL cells, and these effects were reversed by tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment. Similar expression patterns were confirmed in human cell lines, primary PV and CML patient PBMCs and CD34+ cells, demonstrating that these effects are operational in patients. IFNa treatment increased Stat1, Stat2, and Irf9 mRNA as well as pY-STAT1 in all cell lines; however, viability was specifically decreased in 32D-JAK2V617F. STAT1 or STAT2 knockout and reconstitution with wild-type or phospho-deficient STAT mutants demonstrated the necessity of STAT2 for IFNa-induced STAT1 phosphorylation in BCR-ABL- but not in JAK2V617F-expressing cells. STAT1 was essential for IFNa activity in both BCR-ABL- and JAK2V617F-positive cells. Furthermore, ChIP experiments demonstrate higher repressive and lower active chromatin marks at the promoters of ISGs in BCR-ABL-expressing cells. JAK2V617F but not BCR-ABL sensitizes MPN cells to interferon, and this effect was dependent on STAT1. Moreover, STAT2 is a survival factor in BCR-ABL- and JAK2V617F-positive cells but an IFNa-sensitizing factor solely in 32D-JAK2V617F cells by upregulation of STAT1 expression.
Abstract 19775: JMJD2B is Involved in the Epigenetic Regulation During Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Simone-Franziska Glaser, Jes-Niels Boeckel, David John, Marion Muhly-Reinholz, Ariane Fischer, Claudia Doering, Sebastian Cremer, Sandeep Kumar, Hanjoong Jo, Reinier Boon, Stefanie Dimmeler
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) comprises the transition of endothelial cells (ECs) to mesenchymal cells. EndMT is a physiological process but also plays a role in patho...
Abstract A64: Development of a cloud-based histology database for collaborative cancer research
Authors: Ke Cheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background: Cancer research is highly dependent on histopathology analysis for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. However, the majority of valuable histology data is stored in private archives on glass slides and local hard drives, and not shared like bioinformatics data. Lack of centrally-located data leads to repetitive, redundant research and makes it difficult for cancer researchers to work collaboratively by limiting widespread access and image sharing. Development of a virtual slide database on a scalable IT infrastructure will improve cancer histology data viewing and searching resulting in enhanced global scientific collaboration, allowing cancer to be fought cooperatively instead of individually. Design: The main repository for WizBase is a relational database powered by Amazon Web Services with online viewing, collaboration and long-term archiving of WSIs. We will also create ontology parameters and tagging approach using 3 types metadata: Type I, classification parameters, specimen information and experimental details captured at order submission; Type II, ontology terms and annotation added upon visualization of the slide by HistoWiz and slide owners; and Type III, crowd-sourced tags and collaborative comments not requiring formality or standardization. Results: We have developed a robust IT infrastructure allowing for viewing, tagging and searching of histology images. HistoWiz viewer is the first Cloud based viewer that allows users to instantly view their histology slides on any mobile device without the need to download any files, software or plugins. Furthermore, we have establish ontology parameters (such as metastasis, necrosis, neovascularization) for the classification and tagging of digital pathology cancer images, and slide metadata are captured during online order submission. Finally, through defined field and free text tagging of the slide metadata, users can search for slides meeting specific criteria. Searches based on similarity to a particular subject slide metadata allows ranking slide relevancy. The crowdsourced database currently has &amp;gt;10,000 histology slides and is growing at a rate of 300% per year. Conclusion: WizBaseTM is the first centralized Cloudbased WSI database for cancer histopathology with an image tagging web application to facilitate histology-driven data mining. WizBaseTM can be regarded as the scientific hybrid of a microscopy product with the viewing power of Google Earth combined with the search and crowdsourcing of Flickr. Citation Format: Ke Cheng. Development of a cloud-based histology database for collaborative cancer research. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr A64.
Abstract 14695: Diagnostic Values of Myocardial Biopsy for Predicting Fibrotic Involvement of the Whole Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Heart in the Era of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Tetsuo Konno, Kenshi Hayashi, Toshinari Tsubokawa, Eiichi Masuta, Katsuharu Uchiyama, Noboru Fujino, Masakazu Yamagishi
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Myocardial scaring has been associated with severe manifestations of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), such as end-stage heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Myocardial late gadolin...
Preparation of hair beads and hair follicle germs for regenerative medicine
Authors: Tatsuto Kageyama, Lei Yan, Akihiro Shimizu, Shoji Maruo, Junji Fukuda
Journal: Biomaterials (2019)

Hair regenerative medicine is a promising approach for hair loss, during which autologous follicular stem cells are transplanted into regions of hair loss to regenerate hairs. Because cells transplanted as a single cell suspension scarcely generate hairs, the engineering of three-dimensional (3D) tissues before transplantation has been explored to improve this process. Here, we propose an approach to fabricate collagen-enriched cell aggregates, named hair beads (HBs), through the spontaneous constriction of cell-encapsulated collagen drops. Mouse embryonic mesenchymal cells or human dermal papilla cells were encapsulated in 2-μl collagen microgels, which were concentrated >10-fold in volume during 3 days of culture. Interestingly, HB constriction was attributed to attraction forces driven by myosin II and involved the upregulation of follicular genes. Single HBs with epithelial cells seeded in U-shaped microwells formed dumbbell-like structures comprising respective aggregates (named bead-based hair follicle germs, bbHFGs), during 3 days of culture. bbHFGs efficiently generated hair follicles upon intracutaneous transplantation into the backs of nude mice. Using an automated spotter, this approach was scalable to prepare a large number of bbHFGs, which is important for clinical applications. Therefore, this could represent a robust and practical approach for the preparation of germ-like tissues for hair regenerative medicine.
Abstract 15634: Neurologic Impact of Carotid Stenosis in Cardiac Surgery, a Retrospective Study
Authors: Emmeline Ruka, Olivier Lesur, Mara Buruian, Émile Voisine, François Dagenais, Vincent Chauvette, Pierre Voisine
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Context: The impact of carotid disease on the risk of stroke is not well established in patients undergoing surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between post-operative cerebrovascular events and the characteristics of concomitant carotid stenosis (CS) (degree, laterality and associated symptomatology) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery on CPB. Methodology: Single center retrospective cohort study with prospectively collected data including all patients undergoing cardiac surgery on CPB between January 2002 and February 2014. Data collected included patients’ pre-operative demographic characteristics, operative and post-operative variables, and were taken from a computerized database and patients’ charts. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis with stepwise approach were performed. Results: Results were obtained for 19,918 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 474 (2.4%) had at least a unilateral CS ≥50%. By univariate analysis, patients with CS ≥50% had a higher risk of post-operative stroke and/or TIA than those with CS &lt;50% (8.3% vs 2.4%, p&lt;0.0001). In the group of patients with CS ≥50%, neither the laterality of the stenosis (p=0.75) nor the presence of CS-related symptoms (p=0.07) were significantly associated with post-operative stroke and/or TIA. By multivariate analysis, the presence of a ≥50% CS was identified as an independent risk factor for post-operative stroke and/or TIA [OR 2.84; CI95% (1.94-4.16)]. The relationship between the degree of CS (50-99%) and the neurological risk showed a trend toward significance: CS 80-99% vs CS 50-79% [OR 1.77; CI95% (0.81-3.85)], p=0.15. The risk of stroke and/or TIA was highest in the 80-99% CS group [OR 3.80; CI95% (2.14-6.73)]. Conclusion: The presence of a ≥ 50% CS is an independent risk factor for post-operative stroke and/or TIA. Regardless of the presence of preoperative CS-related symptoms, the clinically relevant risk of stroke and/or TIA was highest for CS of 80-99%. These results suggest that a decision to perform prophylactic carotid revascularization prior to cardiac surgery should not only be based on the presence of CS-related symptoms, but also on the severity of carotid stenosis.
Abstract P3-03-34: Sentinel lymph node biopsy is unnecessary in ductal carcinoma <i>in situ</i> patients diagnosed by biopsy
Authors: Y Uemoto, N Kondo, Y Wanifuchi-Endo, T Hisada, S Nishikawa, Y Katagiri, H Kato, S Takahashi, T Toyama
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background: Japanese Breast Cancer Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for Breast Cancer 2018 state that sentinel lymph node (SN) biopsy is unnecessary for patients treated with breast-conserving therapy (BCT) and with an expected final pathological diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Regardless of whether they were diagnosed with DCIS by biopsy before surgery, 78% of patients currently undergo axial procedures in Japan because invasive lesions may be detected in surgical specimens. This study examined whether SN biopsy can be omitted in DCIS patients diagnosed by biopsy and which factors are associated with invasion. Methods: Patients who underwent definitive surgery for DCIS diagnosed by preoperative biopsy at our institution from May 2004 to January 2018 were investigated retrospectively. The factors associated with upstaging to invasive cancer from DCIS were examined with Fisher's exact test and the t-test. (Age, Tumor size, Operation (Mastectomy or BCT), Biopsy method (Core Needle Biopsy or Vaccume-Assisted Biopsy), Mammography (ditected or not-detected), Ultrasound (ditected or not-detected, mass or non-mass), Comedo, ER, PgR, HER2) Results: A total of 311 patients were enrolled in this study, of whom 277 (89.1%) underwent SN; six of these (2.2%) had SN metastasis. All six cases were upstaging to invasive cancer: five (1.8%) had micrometastasis and one had macrometastasis (0.4%). From a surgical viewpoint, SN metastasis were detected in 3/161 (1.9%) cases treated with mastectomy and 3/150 (2.4%) cases treated with BCT. Although all three cases treated with BCT had micrometastasis, one case treated with mastectomy had macrometastasis (the other two cases had micrometatastasis). A total of 80/311 cases (25.7%) upstaged to invasive cancer and the only predictor of invasion was tumor size on images (p=0.0002). We could not determine the effective cut-off for tumor size because the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.63&amp;lt;0.70. Tabule 1.Tumor size on images was the only predictor of invasion. Upstaging (N=80)DCIS (N=231)P valueTumor size: mm (95% Confidence Interval)47.5 (41.9-53.2)33.9 (30.5-37.3)0.0002 Conclusion: Tumor size was found to be the only predictor of invasion. Only 2.2% of DCIS patients had SN metastasis despite the fact that 25.7% patients were upstaged to invasive cancer. We conclude that SN biopsy is not necessary for DCIS patients diagnosed by biopsy. Citation Format: Uemoto Y, Kondo N, Wanifuchi-Endo Y, Hisada T, Nishikawa S, Katagiri Y, Kato H, Takahashi S, Toyama T. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is unnecessary in ductal carcinoma in situ patients diagnosed by biopsy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-03-34.