tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case Series of Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation for Ventricular Tachycardia Storm
Authors: Timothy M. Markman, Roy H. Hamilton, Francis E. Marchlinski, Saman Nazarian
Journal: JAMA (2020)

This case series describes outcomes for 5 patients with VT storm refractory to drug therapy treated with left stellate ganglion transcutaneous magnetic stimulation (TCMS) to reduce cardiac sympathetic input.
THU0367 Prevalence and significance of anti-phosphatidylserine antibodies: a pooled analysis in 5992 patients
Authors: M. Radin, I. Cecchi, E. Rubini, S. Karen, D. Roccatello, M. Mahler, S. Sciascia
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

<h3>Background</h3> The current classification criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) include three laboratory tests: lupus anticoagulant, anti-cardiolipin, and anti-b2 glycoprotein-I[.<sup><sup>1</sup></sup> Among the <i>so-called</i> 'extra-criteria' aPL tests, anti-phosphatidylserine (aPS) antibodieshave been proposed as an additional tool to be considered when patient is suspected for having APS. However the exact prevalence of aPS antibodies, and their independent role as risk factor for developing clinical manifestations of APS, is uncertain. <h3>Objectives</h3> To estimate the prevalence of aPS antibodies in patients with clinical manifestations of APS, by systematically reviewing the literature. <h3>Methods</h3> A detailed literature search was applied <i>a priori</i> to Ovid MEDLINE, In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citation 1989 to present and to abstracts from EULAR and ACR/ARHP Annual Meetings (2011–2017) (figure 1). <h3>Results</h3> Data from 5992 patients from 20 studies were analysed (table 1). In APS patients, we report an overall estimated median prevalence of aPS antibodies of 55% [S.D±21.1, range 29%–87%] and 35% [S.D.±17.9, 16–65%] for IgG and IgM, respectively. aPS antibodies were more frequently found in patients with known APS, when compared to patients with thrombosis/pregnancy loss or SLE(IgG mean 55%±28.9, 30±19.6, 22±13; IgM 35±4.3,1±2.8, 14±8.3, respectively, p&lt;0.05). In detail, patients were distributed as follow:366 APS patients in 7 studies [55% aPS IgG/37% aPS IgM-positive; in more detail, 78 primary APS in 2 studies (64% aPS IgG/48% aPS IgM-positive), 29 secondary APS in 2 studies (37%aPS IgG/24% aPS IgM-positive) and 259 not specified], 787SLE patients in 7 studies (22%aPS IgG/14% aPS IgM-positive), 24aPLasymptomatic carriers in one study (21% aPS IgG/25% aPS IgM-positive), 3565 patients with cardiovascular accidents in 4 studies (18% aPS IgG/7% aPS IgM-positive), 1250 patients with pregnancy morbidity in 6 studies (30% aPS IgG/1% aPS IgM-positive) and 952 healthy controls. <h3>Conclusions</h3> While aPS are frequently detected in patients with known APS, their added diagnostic value and clinical role in patients with thrombosis/pregnancy loss and/or concomitant autoimmune disease remain uncertain. <h3>Reference</h3> [1] Miyakis S, et al. International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). J. Thromb. Haemost2006;4(2):295–306. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
A new antimicrobial compound from the leaves of Dodonaea viscosa for infectious diseases
Authors: Basma Mubarak Hamed Al Bimani, Mohammad Amzad Hossain
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2020)

The main aim of this research work was to isolate and characterize the antimicrobial compounds that can be extracted from the leaves of Dodonaea viscosa (D. viscosa) and to assess their antimicrobial potency by established in-vitro agar diffusion method. The methanol extract was liquefied and fractioned by using a separatory funnel and organic solvents having different polarities. The agar diffusion technique was used to assess the antimicrobial potency of extracts and pure compounds against 5 g (+and -) microbial strains. Antimicrobial potency results showed that all extracts and isolated pure compounds provided significant antimicrobial potency against the applied microbial strains. The highest activity chloroform extract was analysed by column chromatography (CC) for the isolation of antimicrobial compounds. The structure of the isolated compounds was characterized based on 1D, 2D NMR and MS spectra. In conclusion, purest compounds might be useful as a remedy for infectious diseases.
Fortnightly Review: Treatment of anxiety
Authors: M Lader
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The anxiety disorders are common conditions-com- munity surveys suggesting that at any one time about 3-5% of the adult population suffers generalised anxiety or panic disorder.However, many more suffer lesser degrees of anxiety, usually related to stresses in the environment, so that at least 15% of patients attending general practitioners' surgeries seek treat- ment for this unpleasant symptom.'For many years the stock treatment for anxiety was an anxiolytic benzodiazepine, but misgivings over side effects and dependence potential have led many prescribers to lessen or eschew their use.Instead, a variety of treatments, drug and non-drug, are being tried.The purpose of this article is to review the present status of the treatment of anxiety, in as practical a way as possible,2 in line with previously published guidelines.3Box 1-Anxiety disorders * Generalised anxiety
A Randomized Trial of Olanzapine and Palonosetron versus Infused Ondansetron for the Treatment of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Midori Nakagaki, Michael Barras, Cameron Curley, Jason P Butler, Glen A Kennedy
Journal: Blood (2015)
Colorectal cancer occurrence and treatment based on changes in intestinal flora
Authors: Huifang Si, Qing Yang, Hong Hu, Chunsheng Ding, Huichao Wang, Xuhong Lin
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2020)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer in the world, and its incidence has been increasing in recent years. The occurrence of CRC is believed to be related to a variety of factors. Epidemiological data indicate that CRC is mainly affected by environmental factors, eating habits, physical activity and genetic factors. As a newly recognized functional component, the intestinal microbiota plays important roles in preventing CRC formation and maintaining intestinal immunity. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota causes CRC through alterations to immune function, focusing on the mechanisms by which intestinal microbial dysfunction promotes CRC. Furthermore, we describe the changes in the intestinal flora observed in CRC and their potential for CRC treatment with the goal of facilitating future research on the roles of the intestinal flora.
Psychosocial distress and its effects on the health-related quality of life of primary brain tumor patients.
Authors: Dina M Randazzo, Frances McSherry, James E. Herndon, Mary Lou Affronti, Eric S. Lipp, Charlene Flahiff, Elizabeth Miller, Sarah Woodring, Maria Freeman, Patrick Healy, Janet Minchew, Susan Boulton, Annick Desjardins, Gordana Vlahovic, Henry S. Friedman, Stephen T. Keir, Katherine B. Peters
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

9553 Background: Primary brain tumor patients experience a high level of psychosocial distress, not only due to their diminished functional and neurocognitive capacities, but also due to the psychosocial stigma of being a primary brain cancer patient. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of psychosocial distress, the different sources of this stress, and its effect on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in primary brain tumor patients. Methods: Demographic and clinical information in the PRoGREss registry at Duke's Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center was queried retrospectively for December 2013 through February 2014. Data was also obtained from patient-reported outcome questionnaires including the National Comprehensive Cancer Network's Distress Thermometer (NCCN-DT), the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain Cancer (FACT-Br), and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy- Fatigue (FACIT-F). Results: Among the 845 subjects completing the NCCN-DT, 385 (46%) were female and 460 (54%) were male. 98% reported physical problems with the most frequent being memory/concentration (40%) and fatigue (42%), and 41% complained of an emotional problem with nervousness (22%) and worry (29%) being the most reported concerns. 12% reported insurance/financial concerns. 94% of the subjects completed the distress thermometer with a mean score of 2.68 (SD = 2.70). There was no difference in distress between tumor grades (low grade: mean = 2.73, SD = 2.89; high grade: mean = 2.67, SD = 2.62; p = 0.8297). Females (mean = 3.05, SD = 2.81) experienced significantly more distress than males (mean = 2.39, SD = 2.57; p = 0.0007), as well as a higher rate of practical (p = 0.0026), family (p = 0.0209) and emotional (p < 0.0001) problems. Patients who reported at least one practical, family, or emotional problem had significantly lower HRQoL scores (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Primary brain tumor patients experience memory dysfunction, fatigue, nervousness, worry, and financial concerns which have a negative effect on the patient's HRQoL. By identifying and addressing these stressors during a clinic visit, it may be possible to improve patient HRQoL.
A study of a group of genes involved in the hair growth cycle
Authors: N.J. Hawkshaw, J.A. Hardman, M. Alam, F. Jimenez, R. Paus
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Individual hairs grow from follicles which go through a cycle of different stages. During ‘anagen’ the hair is actively growing, in ‘catagen’ the follicle shrinks, while ‘telogen’ is the resting phase when the hair sheds before the next anagen. Abnormal hair growth usually reflects an abnormal hair cycle. For example, failure to re‐enter anagen from telogen, or short duration of anagen, cause poor hair growth, while excessive switching from telogen back to anagen causes excessive hair. If we could understand what controls these stages, it might be possible to develop effective treatments. Previously, scientists have managed to grow individual human anagen hair follicles in the laboratory but could only study the switch from anagen to catagen. The authors of this latest study, from the UK, Spain, Germany and the USA, managed for the first time to isolate human telogen and early anagen hairs. They used scalp samples from five men undergoing hair transplantation and dissected out the relevant hairs under the microscope. Using specific antibodies (a type of protein in the body) to examine telogen follicles they discovered that a group of genes called the WNT pathway induce anagen by prompting certain cells in the hair germ (part of the follicle) to multiply. By studying a whole range of proteins that switch WNT processes on or off they were able to build up a picture of events occurring at the start of anagen which will help future scientists to develop targeted treatments for hair disorders. This is a summary of the study: Deciphering the molecular morphology of the human hair cycle: Wnt signalling during the telogen–anagen transformation.
American College of Physicians Ethics Manual
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Medicine, law, and social values are not static and must be re-examined periodically. This edition of the ACP Ethics Manual covers emerging issues in medical ethics and revisits some old issues. The overview of the evolution of medical ethics, which appeared in previous editions of the Manual, has been eliminated to allow more space for the consideration of today's ethical dilemmas. Other changes include a revised chapter on end-of-life care, discussion of physician-assisted suicide, revised sections on conflicts of interest and on medical risk to the physician and patient, given developments in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and discussion of sexual contact between physician and patient. A statement on disclosure of errors and a section on care of the physician's family have also been added. The sections on confidential information told by a patient's family or friend to the physician; on physician-pharmaceutical industry relations; on physicians in training; and on the impaired physician have been expanded. Sections on advertising, peer review, and resource allocation have been revised. The literature of biomedical ethics expands at a rate that does not allow a bibliography to remain current, so an exhaustive list of references or suggested readings is not included in this manual. Instead, only cited references are listed.
Deep China: the Moral Life of the Person, Arthur Kleinman, Yunxiang Yan, Jing Jun, Sing Lee, Everett Zhang, Pan Tianshu, Wu Fei, Guo Jinhua. University of California Press (2012), Pp 322. $26·95 (£18·95)., ISBN: 9780520269453
Authors: Charles Stafford
Journal: The Lancet (2012)
Challenges Raised by Mediation Analysis in a High-Dimension Setting
Authors: Michaël G.B. Blum, Linda Valeri, Olivier François, Solène Cadiou, Valérie Siroux, Johanna Lepeule, Rémy Slama
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2020)

Background: Mediation analysis is used in epidemiology to identify pathways through which exposures influence health. The advent of high-throughput (omics) technologies gives opportunities to perform mediation analysis with a high-dimension pool of covariates. Objective: We aimed to highlight some biostatistical issues of this expanding field of high-dimension mediation. Discussion: The mediation techniques used for a single mediator cannot be generalized in a straightforward manner to high-dimension mediation. Causal knowledge on the relation between covariates is required for mediation analysis, and it is expected to be more limited as dimension and system complexity increase. The methods developed in high dimension can be distinguished according to whether mediators are considered separately or as a whole. Methods considering each potential mediator separately do not allow efficient identification of the indirect effects when mutual influences exist among the mediators, which is expected for many biological (e.g., epigenetic) parameters. In this context, methods considering all potential mediators simultaneously, based, for example, on data reduction techniques, are more adapted to the causal inference framework. Their cost is a possible lack of ability to single out the causal mediators. Moreover, the ability of the mediators to predict the outcome can be overestimated, in particular because many machine-learning algorithms are optimized to increase predictive ability rather than their aptitude to make causal inference. Given the lack of overarching validated framework and the generally complex causal structure of high-dimension data, analysis of high-dimension mediation currently requires great caution and effort to incorporate a priori biological knowledge. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6240
Aortic mechanics during tilt-up test: insights into the mechanisms involved in neurocardiogenic syncope
Authors: K. Gatzoulis, C. Stefanadis, C. Vlachopoulos, E. Tsiamis, S. Sidens, A. Theopistou, K. Toutouzas, M. Vavouranakis, I. Gialafos, P. Toutouzas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Modeling shield immunity to reduce COVID-19 epidemic spread
Authors: Joshua S. Weitz, Stephen J. Beckett, Ashley R. Coenen, David Demory, Marian Dominguez-Mirazo, Jonathan Dushoff, Chung-Yin Leung, Guanlin Li, Andreea Măgălie, Sang Woo Park, Rogelio Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Shashwat Shivam, Conan Y. Zhao
Journal: Nature Medicine (2020)

The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated a global crisis, with more than 1,430,000 confirmed cases and more than 85,000 confirmed deaths globally as of 9 April 20201-4. Mitigation and suppression of new infections have emerged as the two predominant public health control strategies5. Both strategies focus on reducing new infections by limiting human-to-human interactions, which could be both socially and economically unsustainable in the long term. We have developed and analyzed an epidemiological intervention model that leverages serological tests6,7 to identify and deploy recovered individuals8 as focal points for sustaining safer interactions via interaction substitution, developing what we term 'shield immunity' at the population scale. The objective of a shield immunity strategy is to help to sustain the interactions necessary for the functioning of essential goods and services9 while reducing the probability of transmission. Our shield immunity approach could substantively reduce the length and reduce the overall burden of the current outbreak, and can work synergistically with social distancing. The present model highlights the value of serological testing as part of intervention strategies, in addition to its well-recognized roles in estimating prevalence10,11 and in the potential development of plasma-based therapies12-15.
Women Have a Lower Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease but a Higher Risk of Progression vs Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Maya Balakrishnan, Parth Patel, Sydney Dunn-Valadez, Cecilia Dao, Vinshi Khan, Hiba Ali, Laith El-Serag, Ruben Hernaez, Amy Sisson, Aaron P. Thrift, Yan Liu, Hashem B. El-Serag, Fasiha Kanwal
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)
The Influence of Baseline Diastolic Blood Pressure on the Effects of Intensive Blood Pressure Lowering on Cardiovascular Outcomes and All-Cause Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Olesya L. Ilkun, Tom Greene, Alfred K. Cheung, Paul K. Whelton, Guo Wei, Robert E. Boucher, Walter Ambrosius, Glenn M. Chertow, Srinivasan Beddhu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

OBJECTIVE To examine whether low baseline diastolic blood pressure (DBP) modifies the effects of intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) lowering on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Blood Pressure trial (ACCORD BP), a two-by-two factorial randomized controlled trial, examined effects of SBP (&amp;lt;120 vs. &amp;lt;140 mmHg) and glycemic (HbA1c &amp;lt;6% vs. 7.0–7.9% [&amp;lt;42 vs. 53–63 mmol/mol]) control on cardiovascular events in T2DM (N = 4,731). We examined whether effects of SBP control on cardiovascular composite were modified by baseline DBP and glycemic control. RESULTS Intensive SBP lowering decreased the risk of the cardiovascular composite (hazard ratio [HR] 0.76 [95% CI 0.59–0.98]) in the standard glycemic arm but not in the intensive glycemic arm (HR 1.06 [95% CI 0.81–1.40]). Spline regression models relating the effects of the intervention on the cardiovascular composite across the range of baseline DBP did not show evidence of effect modification by low baseline DBP for the cardiovascular composite in the standard or intensive glycemic arms. The relation between the effect of the intensive SBP intervention and baseline DBP was similar between glycemic arms for the cardiovascular composite three-way interaction (P = 0.83). CONCLUSIONS In persons with T2DM, intensive SBP lowering decreased the risk of cardiovascular composite end point irrespective of baseline DBP in the setting of standard glycemic control. Hence, low baseline DBP should not be an impediment to intensive SBP lowering in patients with T2DM treated with guideline-recommended standard glycemic control.
Return to play after COVID-19: a sport cardiologist’s view
Authors: Helder Dores, Nuno Cardim
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

Wine intake is associated with a better lung function in the general population, yet the source of this effect is unknown. Resveratrol, a polyphenol in wine, has anti-inflammatory properties in the lung, its effects being partially mediated <i>via</i> induction of Sirtuin (SIRT)1 activity. We assessed the impact of wine and resveratrol intake, and <i>SIRT1</i> single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on lung function in the general population. Effects of red and white wine and resveratrol intake on forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV<sub>1</sub>), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC were analysed in the population-based Doetinchem cohort (n=3,224). Associations of four tagging <i>SIRT1</i> SNPs with lung function were analysed in the Doetinchem (n=1,152) and Vlagtwedde–Vlaardingen (n=1,390) cohorts. Resveratrol intake was associated with higher FVC levels, and white wine intake with higher FEV<sub>1</sub> levels and lower risk of airway obstruction. <i>SIRT1</i> SNPs were not significantly associated with level or course of lung function, either directly or indirectly <i>via</i> wine or resveratrol intake. This study shows a positive association of resveratrol intake with lung function in the general population, confirms the previously reported positive association of white wine intake with higher levels of FEV<sub>1</sub>, and additionally shows an association with a higher FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC ratio. These effects probably do not run <i>via</i> SNPs in <i>SIRT1</i>.
Covid-19 is no worse in immunocompromised children, says NICE
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Doctors should reassure parents and carers of children who are immunocompromised that immunosuppression does not seem to increase the risk of severe covid-19, the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence advises in a rapid guideline.1

“Covid-19 usually causes a mild, self-limiting illness in children and young people, even in those who are immunocompromised,” NICE says.

Children and teenagers who are immunocompromised and their carers may be feeling particularly anxious and fearful about covid-19, so it is important they are involved in decision making as much as possible, NICE advises. Doctors should also support patients’ and carers’ mental wellbeing through communication and by signposting to charities and support groups.

The guideline …
Posttransplant cyclophosphamide after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation mitigates the immune activation induced by previous nivolumab therapy
Authors: Juan C. Nieto, Elisa Roldán, Isabel Jiménez, Laura Fox, Júlia Carabia, Guillermo Ortí, Lluís Puigdefàbregas, Laura Gallur, Gloria Iacoboni, Priyanka Raheja, Ana Pérez, Sabela Bobillo, Olga Salamero, Carlos Palacio, David Valcárcel, Marta Crespo, Francesc Bosch, Pere Barba
Journal: Leukemia (2020)
Abstract 18217: A Rare Presentation of Cardiac Cystic Echinococcosis of the Ventricular Septum
Authors: Jennifer A Rymer, Haider Warraich, Sarah Goldstein, John K Harrison
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Cardiac cystic echinococcosis is a rare disease with non-specific patient presentations, including syncope, fatigue, palpitations, and fevers. Prompt diagnosis requires a thorough soc...