tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of outdoor temperature with lung function in a temperate climate
Authors: Mary B. Rice, Wenyuan Li, Elissa H. Wilker, Diane R. Gold, Joel Schwartz, Antonella Zanobetti, Petros Koutrakis, Itai Kloog, George R. Washko, George T. O'Connor, Murray A. Mittleman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

Acute exposure to cold dry air is a trigger of bronchoconstriction, but little is known about how daily outdoor temperature influences lung function.We investigated associations of temperature from a model using satellite remote sensing data with repeated measures of lung function among 5896 participants of the Framingham Heart Study Offspring and Third Generation cohorts residing in the Northeastern US. We further tested if temperature modified previously reported associations between pollution and lung function. We constructed linear mixed-effects models, and assessed departures from linearity using penalised splines.In fully adjusted linear models, 1-, 2- and 7-day average temperatures were all associated with lower lung function: each 5°C higher previous-week temperature was associated with a 20 mL lower (95% CI -34---6) forced expiratory volume in 1 s. There was significant effect modification by season: negative associations of temperature and lung function were present in winter and spring only. Negative associations between previous-day fine particulate matter and lung function were present during unseasonably warm but not unseasonably cool days, with a similar pattern for other pollutants.We speculate that temperature-related differences in lung function may be explained by behavioural changes on relatively warm days, which may increase outdoor exposures.
Overall Survival of Black and White Men With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated With Docetaxel
Authors: Susan Halabi, Sandipan Dutta, Catherine M. Tangen, Mark Rosenthal, Daniel P. Petrylak, Ian M. Thompson, Kim N. Chi, John C. Araujo, Christopher Logothetis, David I. Quinn, Karim Fizazi, Michael J. Morris, Mario A. Eisenberger, Daniel J. George, Johann S. De Bono, Celestia S. Higano, Ian F. Tannock, Eric J. Small, William Kevin Kelly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

Several studies have reported that among patients with localized prostate cancer, black men have a shorter overall survival (OS) time than white men, but few data exist for men with advanced prostate cancer. The primary goal of this analysis was to compare the OS in black and white men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who were treated in phase III clinical trials with docetaxel plus prednisone (DP) or a DP-containing regimen.Individual participant data from 8,820 men with mCRPC randomly assigned in nine phase III trials to DP or a DP-containing regimen were combined. Race was based on self-report. The primary end point was OS. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the prognostic importance of race (black v white) adjusted for established risk factors common across the trials (age, prostate-specific antigen, performance status, alkaline phosphatase, hemoglobin, and sites of metastases).Of 8,820 men, 7,528 (85%) were white, 500 (6%) were black, 424 (5%) were Asian, and 368 (4%) were of unknown race. Black men were younger and had worse performance status, higher testosterone and prostate-specific antigen, and lower hemoglobin than white men. Despite these differences, the median OS was 21.0 months (95% CI, 19.4 to 22.5 months) versus 21.2 months (95% CI, 20.8 to 21.7 months) in black and white men, respectively. The pooled multivariable hazard ratio of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.91) demonstrates that overall, black men have a statistically significant decreased risk of death compared with white men ( P < .001).When adjusted for known prognostic factors, we observed a statistically significant increased OS in black versus white men with mCRPC who were enrolled in these clinical trials. The mechanism for these differences is not known.
A novel PCR-based point-of-care method facilitates rapid, efficient, and sensitive diagnosis of influenza virus infection
Authors: R.L.J. Schmidt, A. Simon, T. Popow-Kraupp, A. Laggner, H. Haslacher, M. Fritzer-Szekeres, M. Redlberger-Fritz, F.J. Mayer
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2018)
Lung elastic recoil and ventilation heterogeneity of diffusion-dependent airways in older people with asthma and fixed airflow obstruction
Authors: Katrina O. Tonga, Norbert Berend, Cindy Thamrin, Claude S. Farah, Kanika Jetmalani, David G. Chapman, Gregory G. King
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

<b>Loss of lung elastic recoil is associated with increased ventilation heterogeneity in diffusion-dependent airways in older nonsmokers with asthma and fixed airflow obstruction</b>http://ow.ly/g2Sk30nbVXv
Evolutionary Modeling in SLiM 3 for Beginners
Authors: Benjamin C Haller, Philipp W Messer
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2018)

The SLiM forward genetic simulation framework has proved to be a powerful and flexible tool for population genetic modeling. However, as a complex piece of software with many features that allow simulating a diverse assortment of evolutionary models, its initial learning curve can be difficult. Here we provide a step-by-step demonstration of how to build a simple evolutionary model in SLiM 3, to help new users get started. We will begin with a panmictic neutral model, and build up to a model of the evolution of a polygenic quantitative trait under selection for an environmental phenotypic optimum.
Abstract 299: Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A 25 Years Registry
Authors: Margot Cassuto, Armelle Severin, Cecile Ursat, Anna Ozguler, Michel Baer, Thomas Loeb
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: For many years, organizations like American Heart Association (AHA) published guidelines for the management of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA). Our Emergency Medical Service (EMS), in a catchment of 500,000 inhabitants, has registered all OHCA since 1993. The aim of this study was to describe evolution of the on scene return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after OHCA from cardio-vascular cause (CV) over the past years. Methods: Data were collected from an EMS registry since 1993. The study included adult patients with OHCA from CV. Collected data were evolution (death or ROSC), gender, age group (older than 15) and periods (1993-1999, 2000-2004, 2005-2009, 2010-2014, 2015-2017). The primary outcome was rate of on scene ROSC. Comparisons were performed with Chi-2 test and logistic regression. Results: The registry included 8761 adults with OHCA, 7165 (82.2%) of which had a CV. Mean age was 71.6 years old (SD 16.9), 58.7% were male. ROSC rate was 15.2%. ROSC increased from 10.3% before 2000 to 19.8% after 2015, addressing significantly all age groups except the oldest (figure 1). ROSC rate was 17% for men and 12% for women. Logistic regression results (adjusted and not) showed a greater chance of ROSC for younger patients (OR ranging from 2.1 for age group 60-74 until 4.3 for 16-29 age group, compared with ≥ 75 age group), if OHCA occurred recently (OR ranging from 1.5 for 2010-214 period to 2.6 for &lt; 2000 period compared with ≥ 2015) and for males (OR=1.3). Conclusion: This study shows increase of ROSC after OHCA, mainly for younger age groups, during this last 25 years. This may be due to evolution of public awareness and medical practice according to guidelines. In addition, women did not benefit from this evolution as much as men did. In the future, as the "Go Red for Women" campaign, efforts to improve survival of OHCA should focus on women.
Circulating blood cells and extracellular vesicles in acute cardioprotection
Authors: Sean M Davidson, Ioanna Andreadou, Lucio Barile, Yochai Birnbaum, Hector A Cabrera-Fuentes, Michael V Cohen, James M Downey, Henrique Girao, Pasquale Pagliaro, Claudia Penna, John Pernow, Klaus T Preissner, Péter Ferdinandy
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2018)

During an ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), the myocardium undergoes a prolonged period of ischaemia. Reperfusion therapy is essential to minimize cardiac injury but can paradoxically cause further damage. Experimental procedures to limit ischaemia and reperfusion (IR) injury have tended to focus on the cardiomyocytes since they are crucial for cardiac function. However, there is increasing evidence that non-cardiomyocyte resident cells in the heart (as discussed in a separate review in this Spotlight series) as well as circulating cells and factors play important roles in this pathology. For example, erythrocytes, in addition to their main oxygen-ferrying role, can protect the heart from IR injury via the export of nitric oxide bioactivity. Platelets are well-known to be involved in haemostasis and thrombosis, but beyond these roles, they secrete numerous factors including sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P), platelet activating factor, and cytokines that can all strongly influence the development of IR injury. This is particularly relevant given that most STEMI patients receive at least one type of platelet inhibitor. Moreover, there are large numbers of circulating vesicles in the blood, including microvesicles and exosomes, which can exert both beneficial and detrimental effects on IR injury. Some of these effects are mediated by the transfer of microRNA (miRNA) to the heart. Synthetic miRNA molecules may offer an alternative approach to limiting the response to IR injury. We discuss these and other circulating factors, focussing on potential therapeutic targets relevant to IR injury. Given the prevalence of comorbidities such as diabetes in the target patient population, their influence will also be discussed. This article is part of a Cardiovascular Research Spotlight Issue entitled 'Cardioprotection Beyond the Cardiomyocyte', and emerged as part of the discussions of the European Union (EU)-CARDIOPROTECTION Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action, CA16225.
Evaluating the Evidence for Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography as the Noninvasive Test of Choice for Patients With Stable Chest Pain
Authors: Sanjay Kaul
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2018)

This Viewpoint discusses the 2012 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease and its recommendation for use of coronary computed tomography angiography for patients with a low to intermediate pretest probability of stable ischemic heart disease.
Role of endoscopic treatment or balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration in patients with Child-Pugh class C end-stage liver cirrhosis and esophageal/gastric varices
Authors: Jin Wook Chung
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2018)

See the Original "Endoscopic treatment or balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration is safe for patients with esophageal/gastric varices in Child-Pugh class C end-stage liver cirrhosis" on page 183.
Abstract 19597: Obesity Enhances the Association Between Urinary Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio and Blood Pressure in Children
Authors: Shao-Yuan Chuang, Shu-Yi Hung, Wen Harn
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: The association between the sodium-to-potassium ratio (NK ratio) and blood pressure was well recognized in adults and children. However, the interaction between NK ratio and obesity f...
Abstract 19796: Integral Hemodynamic Assessment of the Coronary Circulation using Seperate Epicardial and Microvascular Conductance
Authors: Nina van der Hoeven, Guus A de Waard, Alicia Quirós, Alfonso de Hoyos, Chris Broyd, Sukh Nijjer, Tim P van de Hoef, Ricardo Petraco, Roel Driessen, Hernán Mejía-Rentería, Peter M van de Ven, Martijn Meuwissen, Paul Knaapen, Jan J Piek, Justin E Davies, Niels van Royen, Javier Escaned
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Invasive assessment of the coronary circulation has largely been based on the use of pressure ratios (epicardial-) and resistance (micro-vessels). Simultaneous assessment of epicardia...
Combined Inhibition of DYRK1A, SMAD, and Trithorax Pathways Synergizes to Induce Robust Replication in Adult Human Beta Cells
Authors: Peng Wang, Esra Karakose, Hongtao Liu, Ethan Swartz, Courtney Ackeifi, Viktor Zlatanic, Jessica Wilson, Bryan J. González, Aaron Bender, Karen K. Takane, Lillian Ye, George Harb, Felicia Pagliuca, Dirk Homann, Dieter Egli, Carmen Argmann, Donald K. Scott, Adolfo Garcia-Ocaña, Andrew F. Stewart
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2018)
An Index Combining Respiratory Rate and Oxygenation to Predict Outcome of Nasal High-Flow Therapy
Authors: Oriol Roca, Berta Caralt, Jonathan Messika, Manuel Samper, Benjamin Sztrymf, Gonzalo Hernández, Marina García-de-Acilu, Jean-Pierre Frat, Joan R. Masclans, Jean-Damien Ricard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2018)

Rationale: One important concern during high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure is to not delay intubation. Objectives: To validate the diagnostic accuracy of an index (termed ROX and defined as the ratio of oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry/FiO2 to respiratory rate) for determining HFNC outcome (need or not for intubation). Methods: This was a 2-year multicenter prospective observational cohort study including patients with pneumonia treated with HFNC. Identification was through Cox proportional hazards modeling of ROX association with HFNC outcome. The most specific cutoff of the ROX index to predict HFNC failure and success was assessed. Measurements and Main Results: Among the 191 patients treated with HFNC in the validation cohort, 68 (35.6%) required intubation. The prediction accuracy of the ROX index increased over time (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 2 h, 0.679; 6 h, 0.703; 12 h, 0.759). ROX greater than or equal to 4.88 measured at 2 (hazard ratio, 0.434; 95% confidence interval, 0.264-0.715; P = 0.001), 6 (hazard ratio, 0.304; 95% confidence interval, 0.182-0.509; P < 0.001), or 12 hours (hazard ratio, 0.291; 95% confidence interval, 0.161-0.524; P < 0.001) after HFNC initiation was consistently associated with a lower risk for intubation. A ROX less than 2.85, less than 3.47, and less than 3.85 at 2, 6, and 12 hours of HFNC initiation, respectively, were predictors of HFNC failure. Patients who failed presented a lower increase in the values of the ROX index over the 12 hours. Among components of the index, oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry/FiO2 had a greater weight than respiratory rate. Conclusions: In patients with pneumonia with acute respiratory failure treated with HFNC, ROX is an index that can help identify those patients with low and those with high risk for intubation. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02845128).
DNA methylation in nasal epithelium, atopy, and atopic asthma in children: a genome-wide study
Authors: Erick Forno, Ting Wang, Cancan Qi, Qi Yan, Cheng-Jian Xu, Nadia Boutaoui, Yueh-Ying Han, Daniel E Weeks, Yale Jiang, Franziska Rosser, Judith M Vonk, Sharon Brouwer, Edna Acosta-Perez, Angel Colón-Semidey, María Alvarez, Glorisa Canino, Gerard H Koppelman, Wei Chen, Juan C Celedón
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2018)
Abstract 15381: Mechanical Chest Compression or Percutaneous Left Ventricular Assist Devices Improve Survival in Cardiac Arrest in the Cath Lab
Authors: Huu Tam Truong, Kyoungchul Cha, Renan Oliveira, Nicole Smith, Tyler Bien, Prashant Rao, Shaun Chatelain, Matthew Kern, Kapildeo Lotun, Karl B Kern
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest (VFCA) can occur during high risk percutaneous coronary intervention. While the operator attempts to reopen the acutely occluded vessel, severa...
Abstract 13992: Cost-effectiveness of On-pump and Off-pump Stable Multivessel Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting - MASS III Trial 5-year Follow-up
Authors: Thiago L Scudeler, Whady Hueb, Patricia C de Soarez, Alessandro G Campolina, Paulo C Rezende, Cibele L Garzillo, Eduardo G Lima, Diogo F Azevedo, Alexandre C Hueb, Jaime P Linhares Filho, Jose A Ramires, Roberto Kalil Filho
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Long-term cost-effectiveness of on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is under debate. Hypotheses: Off-pump CABG was introduced with the aim of minimizing t...
Prospective Diagnosis of VWD in a Large Cohort of Patients with Bleeding Symptoms through the Zimmerman Program
Authors: Veronica H Flood, Pamela A Christopherson, Joan Cox Gill, Kenneth Dale Friedman, Sandra L Haberichter, Jorge Di Paola, Paula D. James, Janna M. Journeycake, Steven R. Lentz, Cindy A. Leissinger, Margaret V. Ragni, Madhvi Rajpurkar, Jonathan C. Roberts, Amy Shapiro, Robert F. Sidonio, Robert R Montgomery, Thomas C. Abshire
Journal: Blood (2018)
Abstract 10385: Electrospun Polycaprolactone-Based Patches for Enhancing Cardiac Progenitor Cell Reparative Potential
Authors: Benjamin W Streeter, Jiajia Xue, Younan Xia, Michael E Davis
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Congenital heart defects affect 1 in 100 live births and are the number one cause of birth defect-related deaths. Stem cell treatments can be administered to galvanize endogenous repa...
Digital Media Use and ADHD Symptoms—Reply
Authors: Adam M. Leventhal, Steve S. Lee
Journal: JAMA (2018)

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Phase I Experience with a Bi-Specific CAR Targeting CD19 and CD22 in Adults with B-Cell Malignancies
Authors: Nasheed Hossain, Bita Sahaf, Matthew Abramian, Jay Y. Spiegel, Katie Kong, Stephen Kim, Sharon Mavroukakis, Jean Oak, Yasodha Natkunam, Everett H Meyer, Matthew J. Frank, Steven A Feldman, Steven R. Long, Haiying Qin, Terry J. Fry, Lori S Muffly, Crystal L. Mackall, David B. Miklos
Journal: Blood (2018)
Abstract 17220: In Situ Multimodal Molecular Imaging and Staining Technologies Supporting Target Validation in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Kim Holmstrøm, Gregory Hamm, Silvia Aldi, Juliette Masure, Ivana Bobeldijk-Pastorova, Danielle van Keulen, Dennie Tempel, Eva Hurt-Camejo, Michael Gudo, Serife Arda, Ulf Hedin, Rima Ait-Belkacem, Jonathan Stauber, Boye S. Nielsen, Alain J. van Gool, Jan N. H. Lindeman
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: To support the validation of novel molecular drug targets in cardiovascular disease (CVD), molecular imaging and staining technologies are essential tools to provide documentation for...
Case 40-2018: A 47-Year-Old Woman with Recurrent Sinusitis, Cough, and Bronchiectasis
Authors: James E. Mojica, Christopher J. Richards, Jad S. Husseini, Lida P. Hariri
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

A 47-year-old woman was evaluated at the outpatient pulmonary clinic because of recurrent sinusitis with progressive cough and bronchiectasis. Examination of a sputum specimen was notable for the presence of 3+ to 4+ acid-fast bacilli. Diagnostic tests were performed.
Abstract 14534: Right Heart Load Adaptability is Predictive of Outcomes in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Myriam Amsallem, David Boulate, Zoe Kooreman, Marie Aymami, Guillaume Fadel, Andre Denault, Michael V McConnell, Olaf Mercier, Elie Fadel, Marlene Rabinovitch, Roham T Zamanian, Francois Haddad
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Right heart failure is a major cause of death in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This study aimed at defining right ventricular (RV) adaptation to afterload, and ...
An Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus Scoring System as an Aid to Decision Making on Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients With Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Xiu‐Ping Zhang, Yu‐Zhen Gao, Zhen‐Hua Chen, Min‐Shan Chen, Le‐Qun Li, Tian‐Fu Wen, Li Xu, Kang Wang, Zong‐Tao Chai, Wei‐Xing Guo, Jie Shi, Dong Xie, Meng‐Chao Wu, Wan Yee Lau, Shu‐Qun Cheng
Journal: Hepatology (2018)

Portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) is a significant poor prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with PVTT limited to a first‐order branch of the main portal vein (MPV) or above could benefit from negative margin (R0) liver resection (LR). An Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital (EHBH)/PVTT scoring system was established to predict the prognosis of HCC patients with PVTT after R0 LR and guide selection of subgroups of patients that could benefit from LR. HCC patients with PVTT limited to a first‐order branch of the MPV or above who underwent R0 LR as an initial therapy were included. The EHBH‐PVTT score was developed from a retrospective cohort in the training cohort using a Cox regression model and validated in a prospective internal validation cohort and three external validation cohorts. There were 432 patients in the training cohort, 285 in the prospective internal validation cohort, and 286, 189, and 135 in three external validation cohorts, respectively. The score was calculated using total bilirubin, α‐fetoprotein (AFP), tumor diameter, and satellite lesions. The EHBH‐PVTT score differentiated two groups of patients (≤/&gt;3 points) with distinct long‐term prognoses (median overall survival [OS], 17.0 vs. 7.9 months; P &lt; 0.001). Predictive accuracy, as determined by the area under the time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs; 0.680‐0.721), was greater than that of the other commonly used staging systems for HCC and PVTT. Conclusion: The EHBH‐PVTT scoring system was more accurate in predicting the prognosis of HCC patients with PVTT than other staging systems after LR. It selected appropriate HCC patients with PVTT limited to a first‐order branch of the MPV or above for LR. It can be used to supplement the other HCC staging systems.