tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Immune-Related Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients With NSCLC Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Multicenter Prospective Study
Authors: Yuzo Suzuki, Masato Karayama, Tomohiro Uto, Masato Fujii, Takashi Matsui, Kazuhiro Asada, Hideki Kusagaya, Masato Kato, Hiroyuki Matsuda, Shun Matsuura, Mikio Toyoshima, Kazutaka Mori, Yasuhiro Ito, Takafumi Koyauchi, Hideki Yasui, Hironao Hozumi, Kazuki Furuhashi, Noriyuki Enomoto, Tomoyuki Fujisawa, Yutaro Nakamura, Naoki Inui, Takafumi Suda
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2020)
Covid-19: WHO and South Korea investigate reconfirmed cases
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The World Health Organization and South Korea are investigating how several covid-19 patients who were believed to have recovered from the virus and had tested negative later tested positive.

The Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) reported on 10 April that it was “investigating the epidemiological and/or clinical characteristics of 91 cases that have re-tested positive after being discharged from isolation.”1

It said that central and local teams were “conducting joint, in-depth investigations (including virus isolation culture, blood antibody test) to confirm infectivity.”

WHO has said that it is aware of the reports. A spokesperson told Reuters , “We are closely liaising with our clinical experts and working hard to get more information on those individual cases. It is important to make sure that, when samples are collected for testing on suspected patients, procedures are followed properly.”2

Sung-Il Cho, professor of epidemiology at Seoul National University Graduate School of Public Health in South Korea, told The …
Hide and seek: Somatic SMAD3 mutations in melorheostosis
Authors: Joe Davis Velchev, Aline Verstraeten, Bart Loeys
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)

In the current issue of JEM, Kang et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20191499) describe somatic mutations in the SMAD3 gene causing endosteal melorheostosis. Using osteoblast models, the identified mutations are demonstrated to exert a gain-of-function mechanism, augmenting transforming growth factor (TGF) β signaling. These findings provide further insights into the genetic etiology of melorheostosis and consolidate the importance of the TGFβ pathway in skeletal disorders.
Simultaneous endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy and bridging stenting with partial stent-in-stent method
Authors: Kosuke Maehara, Susumu Hijioka, Yoshikuni Nagashio, Akihiro Ohba, Yuya Kanai, Takuji Okusaka, Yutaka Saito
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) is used increasingly worldwide as an alternative to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for biliary drainage. The HGS route is used for drainage in cases of hilar malignant biliary obstruction [1] [2] [3] [4]. However, no studies have reported on drainage of all hilar branches via the HGS route in cases that require stenting of the right anterior and right posterior sectional ducts.
Artificial intelligence for the diagnosis of heart failure
Authors: Dong-Ju Choi, Jin Joo Park, Taqdir Ali, Sungyoung Lee
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2020)

The diagnosis of heart failure can be difficult, even for heart failure specialists. Artificial Intelligence-Clinical Decision Support System (AI-CDSS) has the potential to assist physicians in heart failure diagnosis. The aim of this work was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of an AI-CDSS for heart failure. AI-CDSS for cardiology was developed with a hybrid (expert-driven and machine-learning-driven) approach of knowledge acquisition to evolve the knowledge base with heart failure diagnosis. A retrospective cohort of 1198 patients with and without heart failure was used for the development of AI-CDSS (training dataset, n = 600) and to test the performance (test dataset, n = 598). A prospective clinical pilot study of 97 patients with dyspnea was used to assess the diagnostic accuracy of AI-CDSS compared with that of non-heart failure specialists. The concordance rate between AI-CDSS and heart failure specialists was evaluated. In retrospective cohort, the concordance rate was 98.3% in the test dataset. The concordance rate for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and no heart failure was 100%, 100%, 99.6%, and 91.7%, respectively. In a prospective pilot study of 97 patients presenting with dyspnea to the outpatient clinic, 44% had heart failure. The concordance rate between AI-CDSS and heart failure specialists was 98%, whereas that between non-heart failure specialists and heart failure specialists was 76%. In conclusion, AI-CDSS showed a high diagnostic accuracy for heart failure. Therefore, AI-CDSS may be useful for the diagnosis of heart failure, especially when heart failure specialists are not available.
Suicides Among Opioid Overdose Deaths—Reply
Authors: Mark Olfson, Melanie M. Wall, Carlos Blanco
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Author Correction: Safety and feasibility of anti-CD19 CAR T cells with fully human binding domains in patients with B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Jennifer N. Brudno, Norris Lam, Danielle Vanasse, Yueh-wei Shen, Jeremy J. Rose, John Rossi, Allen Xue, Adrian Bot, Nathalie Scholler, Lekha Mikkilineni, Mark Roschewski, Robert Dean, Raul Cachau, Philippe Youkharibache, Rashmika Patel, Brenna Hansen, David F. Stroncek, Steven A. Rosenberg, Ronald E. Gress, James N. Kochenderfer
Journal: Nature Medicine (2020)
Rationalization and self-sabotage
Authors: Jason D'Cruz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2020)

Abstract In making the case that “rationalization is rational,” Cushman downplays its signature liability: Rationalization exposes a person to the hazard of delusion and self-sabotage. In paradigm cases, rationalization undermines instrumental rationality by introducing inaccuracies into the representational map required for planning and effective agency.
Management and Outcomes of Bleeding Within 30 Days of Colonic Polypectomy in a Large, Real-Life, Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Enrique Rodríguez de Santiago, Maria Hernández-Tejero, Liseth Rivero-Sánchez, Oswaldo Ortiz, Irene García de la Filia-Molina, Jose Ramon Foruny-Olcina, Hector Miguel Marcos Prieto, Maria García-Prada, Almudena González-Cotorruelo, Miguel Angel De Jorge Turrión, Andrea Jiménez-Jurado, Carlos Rodríguez-Escaja, Andres Castaño-García, Ana Gómez Outomuro, Carlos Ferre-Aracil, Diego de-Frutos-Rosa, María Pellisé
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)
Failing Another National Stress Test on Health Disparities
Authors: William F. Owen, Richard Carmona, Claire Pomeroy
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Rishi K. Wadhera, MD, MPP, MPhil; Priya Wadhera, MD, MS; Prakriti Gaba, MD; Jose F. Figueroa, MD, MPH; Karen E. Joynt Maddox, MD, MPH; Robert W. Yeh, MD, MSc; Changyu Shen, PhD
Association of Poor Sanitation With Growth Measurements Among Children in India
Authors: Suman Chakrabarti, Parvati Singh, Tim Bruckner
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Much research on sanitation and linear growth in low- and middle-income countries focuses on children younger than 5 years. However, poor sanitation may be associated with growth faltering during middle and late childhood to a greater extent than previously recognized. <h3>Objective</h3> To characterize the association of poor sanitation with height-for-age<i>z</i>(HAZ) scores in children and adolescents in India aged 0 to 18 years. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cross-sectional study examined 134 882 children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years who were surveyed in the fourth round of India's District Level Household and Facilities Survey (survey conducted August 2012 to February 2014). Data were analyzed from June 1, 2019, to August 20, 2019. <h3>Exposures</h3> Proportion of households reporting open defecation at the village level (to account for its high negative externality) and household-level access to boiled or filtered drinking water. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Individual-level HAZ scores were measured in standard deviations. The association of exposures with outcomes was estimated using ordinary least-squares regression stratified by sex (boys and girls) and 4 age groups (≤1, &gt;1 to ≤7, &gt;7 to ≤12, &gt;12 to ≤18 years). Models controlled for parental height and education, socioeconomic status, maternal age at birth, hemoglobin level, and indicators for state and birth year to adjust for regional (state) and temporal (birth year) fixed effects. <h3>Results</h3> The sample comprised 70 463 male (52.5%) and 64 419 female (47.8%) children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years; 46 722 participants (34.6%) were aged older than 12 to 18 years. Open defecation was inversely associated with HAZ score among all age groups except boys aged 1 year and younger (&gt;1 to ≤7 years: β, −0.22; 95% CI, −0.35 to −0.10; &gt;7 to ≤12 years: β, −0.15; 95% CI, −0.24 to −0.06; &gt;12 to ≤18 years: β, −0.10; 95% CI, −0.19 to −0.01) and among girls aged between 7 and 18 years (&gt;7 to ≤12 years: β, −0.22; 95% CI, −0.33 to −0.12; &gt;12 to ≤18 years: β, −0.16; 95% CI, −0.23 to −0.09). Boiled or filtered drinking water was positively associated with HAZ score among younger girls (≤1 year: β, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.45; &gt;1 to ≤7 years: β, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.14) and across all age groups in boys (≤1 years: β, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.35; &gt;1 to ≤7 years: β, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.14; &gt;7 to ≤12 years: β, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.13; &gt;12 to ≤18 years: β, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.11). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this study, open defecation and lack of boiled or filtered drinking water were inversely associated with height-for-age measures across all ages in children and adolescents in India. Improved sanitation may benefit growth among children and adolescents older than 5 years.
Child health in the UK: we need to help children survive and thrive
Authors: Michael Craig Watson, John Lloyd
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health’s latest report— State of Child Health 2020 —continues to paint a bleak picture of child health in the UK.12 Health outcomes are particularly poor for children who live in deprived areas. Mental health, breastfeeding, obesity, and youth violence are just some of the diverse public health issues that require urgent …
The <i>Drosophila</i> Mushroom Body: From Architecture to Algorithm in a Learning Circuit
Authors: Mehrab N. Modi, Yichun Shuai, Glenn C. Turner
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2020)

The Drosophila brain contains a relatively simple circuit for forming Pavlovian associations, yet it achieves many operations common across memory systems. Recent advances have established a clear framework for Drosophila learning and revealed the following key operations: a) pattern separation, whereby dense combinatorial representations of odors are preprocessed to generate highly specific, nonoverlapping odor patterns used for learning; b) convergence, in which sensory information is funneled to a small set of output neurons that guide behavioral actions; c) plasticity, where changing the mapping of sensory input to behavioral output requires a strong reinforcement signal, which is also modulated by internal state and environmental context; and d) modularization, in which a memory consists of multiple parallel traces, which are distinct in stability and flexibility and exist in anatomically well-defined modules within the network. Cross-module interactions allow for higher-order effects where past experience influences future learning. Many of these operations have parallels with processes of memory formation and action selection in more complex brains.
“Looping In” Mechanics: Mechanobiologic Regulation of the Nucleus and the Epigenome
Authors: Eric N. Dai, Su‐Jin Heo, Robert L. Mauck
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Cells respond to physical cues in their microenvironment. These cues result in changes in cell behavior, some of which are transient, and others of which are permanent. Understanding and leveraging permanent alteration of cell behavior induced by mechanical cues, or “mechanical memories,” is an important aim in cell and tissue engineering. Herein, this paper reviews the existing literature outlining how cells may store memories of biophysical cues with a specific focus on the nucleus, the storehouse of information in eukaryotic cells. In particular, this review details mechanically driven adaptations in nuclear structure and genome organization and outlines potential mechanisms by which mechanical memories may be encoded within the structure and organization of the nucleus and chromatin.
Histiocyte predominant myocarditis resulting from the addition of interferon gamma to cyclophosphamide-based lymphodepletion for adoptive cellular therapy
Authors: Brett A Schroeder, Ralph Graeme Black, Sydney Spadinger, Shihong Zhang, Karan Kohli, Jianhong Cao, Jose G Mantilla, Ernest U Conrad, Stanley R Riddell, Robin L Jones, Cassian Yee, Seth M Pollack
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) is a promising treatment for synovial sarcoma (SS) with reported response rates of over 50%. However, more work is needed to obtain deeper and more durable responses. SS has a 'cold' tumor immune microenvironment with low levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression and few T-cell infiltrates, which could represent a barrier toward successful treatment with ACT. We previously demonstrated that both MHC expression and T-cell infiltration can be increased using systemic interferon gamma (IFN-γ), which could improve the efficacy of ACT for SS.We launched a phase I trial incorporating four weekly doses of IFN-γ in an ACT regimen of high-dose cyclophosphamide (HD Cy), NY-ESO-1-specific T cells, and postinfusion low-dose interleukin (IL)-2. Two patients were treated. While one patient had significant tumor regression and resultant clinical benefit, the other patient suffered a fatal histiocytic myocarditis. Therefore, this cohort was terminated for safety concerns.We describe a new and serious toxicity of immunotherapy from IFN-γ combined with HD Cy-based lymphodepletion and low-dose IL-2. While IFN-γ should not be used concurrently with HD Cy or with low dose IL-2, IFN-γ may still be important in sensitizing SS for ACT. Future studies should avoid using IFN-γ during the immediate period before/after cell infusion.NCT04177021, NCT01957709, and NCT03063632.
The social function of rationalization: An identity perspective
Authors: Jay J Van Bavel, Anni Sternisko, Elizabeth Harris, Claire Robertson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2020)

Abstract In this commentary, we offer an additional function of rationalization. Namely, in certain social contexts, the proximal and ultimate function of beliefs and desires is social inclusion. In such contexts, rationalization often facilitates distortion of rather than approximation to truth. Understanding the role of social identity is not only timely and important, but also critical to fully understand the function(s) of rationalization.
Promising Evidence of Antipsychotic Efficacy without Dopamine D2-Receptor Binding
Authors: Donald C. Goff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

A French surgeon, Henri Laborit, discovered the first antipsychotic drug, chlorpromazine (Thorazine), in 1952 while experimenting with compounds to enhance anesthesia. Since then, antipsychotic drugs have helped transform the lives of people with schizophrenia, allowing most to live in the community and many to function independently. Although these drugs are effective in controlling or ameliorating the delusions and hallucinations of psychosis, they do not reduce the cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia and only minimally alleviate the negative symptoms such as apathy and reduced emotional expression. In addition, dopamine D2-receptor blockade, which is the primary mechanism of action common to antipsychotics, . . .
Functional nano-vector boost anti-atherosclerosis efficacy of berberine in Apoe() mice
Authors: Xiaolei Ma, Tingting Zhang, Zhigang Luo, Xiaolin Li, Miao Lin, Rui Li, Peng Du, Xiaoyou Yu, Chen Ma, Pengju Yan, Jin Su, Lulu Wang, Yuhuan Li, Jiandong Jiang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2020)

Atherosclerosis (AS) is the leading cause of heart attacks, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. Berberine (BBR), a botanical medicine, has diversified anti-atherosclerotic effects but with poor absorption. The aim of this study was to develop an effective BBR-entrapped nano-system for treating AS in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed Apoe(-/-) mice, and also explore the possible underlying mechanisms involved. Three d-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol (PEG) succinate (TPGS) analogues with different PEG chain lengths were synthesized to formulate BBR-entrapped micelles. HFD-fed Apoe(-/-) mice were administered with optimized formula (BBR, 100 mg/kg/day) orally for 5 months. The artery plaque onset and related metabolic disorders were evaluated, and the underlying mechanisms were studied. Our data showed that, BT1500M increased BBR deposition in liver and adipose by 107.6% and 172.3%, respectively. In the Apoe(-/-) mice, BT1500M ameliorated HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and lipid accumulation in liver and adipose. BT1500M also suppressed HFD-induced chronic inflammation as evidenced by the reduced liver and adipose levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β); and decreased plasma level of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP), and macrophage inflammatory factor (MIP). The mechanism study showed that BT1500M changed Ampk and Nf-κb gene expression, and interrupted a crosstalk process between adipocytes and macrophages. Further investigation proved that BT1500M decreased endothelial lesion and subsequent macrophage activation, cytokines release, as well as cholesteryl ester gathering in the aortic arch, resulting in ameliorated artery plaque build-up. Our results provide a practical strategy for treating AS using a BBR-entrapped nano-system.
Joint International Collaboration to Combat Mental Health Challenges During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Yu-Tao Xiang, Yu Jin, Teris Cheung
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2020)

In the past several months, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has received extensive attention globally.It was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, at the end of 2019 and was transmitted to multiple regions of China and subsequently to many countries in the East and the West.As of March 30, 2020, the number of patients infected with COVID-19 has rapidly reached 693 224 globally, especially across the North American, European, and Eastern Mediterranean regions, including in the US, Italy, Spain, and Iran. 1 The rapid transmission of COVID-19, high fatality rates in subpopulations, lack of effective treatments and vaccines, and mass quarantine measures have led to common mental health problems, such as fear, anxiety, depression, and sleep problems, in patients with COVID-19 infections, close contacts, the public, and even health care professionals. 2,3Therefore, there is a pressing need to establish appropriate mental health services to address the risk of psychiatric morbidities.Mental health professionals are facing insurmountable challenges because of the lack of relevant guidelines, scant mental health resources, and inadequate training to provide mental health services in isolation infectious units and hospitals.Patients with serious psychiatric needs are considered a highly vulnerable population to contract COVID-19.For example, hundreds of patients with psychiatric disorders, as well as mental health professionals, were infected in China. 4 As such, a joint effort to establish international collaboration is urgently needed to address the mental health challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.To reduce the risk of negative psychological outcomes associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, the Central Health Authority of China and different national academic societies have integrated mental health crisis interventions into the general deployment of disease prevention and treatment.More than 20 specific guidelines and expert consensus for mental health services for the COVID-19 outbreak were disseminated by the end of February 2020 5 to provide timely guidance for frontline health care professionals.External mental health expert teams in other provinces were also established to provide emergency mental health services in Hubei province, China.In addition, widespread adoption of online public education, psychological counseling, and hotline services have been set up for those in need.
Hippo/Mst signaling coordinates cellular quiescence with terminal maturation in iNKT cell development and fate decisions
Authors: Jana L. Raynor, Chaohong Liu, Yogesh Dhungana, Cliff Guy, Nicole M. Chapman, Hao Shi, Geoffrey Neale, Hiromi Sesaki, Hongbo Chi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells acquire effector functions during development by mechanisms that remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the Hippo kinases Mst1 and Mst2 act as molecular rheostats for the terminal maturation and effector differentiation programs of iNKT cells. Loss of Mst1 alone or together with Mst2 impedes iNKT cell development, associated with defective IL-15–dependent cell survival. Mechanistically, Mst1 enforces iNKT cellular and transcriptional quiescence associated with maturation and commitment to iNKT1 cells by suppressing proliferation and Opa1-related mitochondrial metabolism that are dynamically regulated during iNKT cell development. Furthermore, Mst1 shapes the reciprocal fate decisions between iNKT1 and iNKT17 effector cells, which respectively depend upon mitochondrial dynamics and ICOS–mTORC2 signaling. Collectively, these findings establish Mst1 as a crucial regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis and quiescence in iNKT cell development and effector lineage differentiation and highlight that establishment of quiescence programs underlies iNKT cell development and effector maturation.