tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hospital Injury Encounters of Children Identified by a Predictive Risk Model for Screening Child Maltreatment Referrals
Authors: Rhema Vaithianathan, Emily Putnam-Hornstein, Alexandra Chouldechova, Diana Benavides-Prado, Rachel Berger
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Nearly 6 million children are reported as allegedly experiencing abuse or neglect in the US annually. Child protection agencies are increasingly turning to automated predictive risk models (PRMs) that mine information found in routinely collected administrative data and estimate a likelihood that an individual will experience some future adverse outcome. <h3>Objective</h3> To test if a PRM used at the time of referral for alleged maltreatment, which automatically generates a risk stratification score indicating the relative likelihood of future foster care placement, is also predictive of injury hospitalization data. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This retrospective cohort study based on a probabilistic association between child protection and hospital encounter data was conducted in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, and at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). Participants included children referred for alleged neglect or abuse in Allegheny County between April 1, 2010, and May 4, 2016. <h3>Exposures</h3> Risk score generated from the PRM. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Medical encounters (emergency department and inpatient hospitalizations) for any-cause injuries, suicide or self-inflicted harm injuries, and abuse injuries between 2002 and 2015 for children classified by the PRM to different risk levels at the time of a maltreatment referral. Cancer encounters were used as a placebo test. <h3>Results</h3> Of 47 305 participants, 23 601 (49.9%) were girls, the mean (SD) age at referral was 8 (5.7) years, 28 211 (59.6%) were black, and 19 094 (40.4%) were nonblack. Children who scored in the highest 5% risk group by the PRM were more likely to have a medical encounter for an injury during the follow-up period than low-risk children (ie, those in the bottom 50% of risk). Specifically, among children referred for maltreatment and classified as highest risk, the rate of experiencing an any-cause injury encounter was 14.5 (95% CI, 13.1-15.9) per 100 compared with children who scored as low risk who had an any-cause injury encounter rate of 4.9 (95% CI, 4.7-5.2) per 100. For abuse-associated injury encounters, the rate for high-risk children was 2.0 (95% CI, 1.5-2.6) per 100 and that of low-risk children was 0.2 (95% CI, 0.2-0.3) per 100; for suicide and self-harm, the high-risk encounter rate was 1.0 (95% CI, 0.6-1.4) per 100 and that of low-risk children was 0.1 (95% CI, 0.1-0.1) per 100. There was no association between risk scores and cancer encounters. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Findings confirm that children reported for having experienced alleged maltreatment and classified by a PRM tool to be at high risk of foster care placement are also at increased risk of emergency department and in-patient hospitalizations for injuries.
Behavioural fatigue: a flawed idea central to a flawed pandemic response
Authors: Kamran Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (2020)

What is behavioural fatigue?Nobody really knows, but it is something we should be acutely aware of because it is a major reason why the UK delayed implementing lockdown, even though the best research indicates that swift and strict social distancing measures will limit the incidence of covid-19 infections.
THU0144 Association of antiphospholipid antibodies with retinal vascular disease in reumatoid arthritis
Authors: B Seriolo, V Ferretti, D Fasciolo, A Sulli, M Cutolo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may affect any organ of the body and display a broad spectrum of clinical and immunological manifestations. Ocular involvement has been described less commonly and includes involvement by mucocutaneous disease, secondary Sjogren's syndrome, neuro-ophthalmic lesions, and retinal vascular disease. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of our study was to analyse the possible association between the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and retinal lesions detected by means of prospective ophthalmologic examination in a series of RA patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Sixty-eight female RA patients attending our Extra-articular Involvement RA Clinic were studied. All patients fulfilling the 1987 American Rheumatism Association Criteria for adult RA. Ophthalmologic examination included assessment of best corrected visual acuity, tonometry, slit-lamp bimicroscopy, and fundus examination. Serologic studies included determination of anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) (ELISA) and Lupus Anticoagulant (LA) (Coagulation Test). <h3>Results</h3> Retinal vascular disease was detected in 7 (10%) of 68 RA patients. The retinal lesions consisted of retinal vascular occlusion in two patients (one arterial and one venous thrombosis), cotton-wool sports in one, optic disc oedema in two cases, retinal haemorrhages in one, and ischaemic optic neuropathy in one case. aPL were detected in 5 (71%) of these 7 patients: four had aCL and one had LA. When compared with patients without retinal vascular disease, patients with retinopathy had a higher prevalence of aPL (71% vs 6%); p = 0.0001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Retinal vascular disease may be frequent in patients with RA. The presence of aPL may be associated with a higher prevalence of retinal abnormalities in RA patients.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Contacts of COVID-19 Patients Monitored Using an Automated Symptom Monitoring Tool — Maine, May–June 2020
Authors: Anna Krueger, Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Joanna Watson, Andrew E. Smith, Rebecca Lincoln, Sara L. Huston, Emilio Dirlikov, Sara Robinson
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 , is spread from person to person (1-3).Quarantine of exposed persons (contacts) for 14 days following their exposure reduces transmission (4-7).Contact tracing provides an opportunity to identify contacts, inform them of quarantine recommendations, and monitor their symptoms to promptly identify secondary COVID-19 cases (7,8).On March 12, 2020, Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Maine CDC) identified the first case of COVID-19 in the state.Because of resource constraints, including staffing, Maine CDC could not consistently monitor contacts, and automated technological solutions for monitoring contacts were explored.On May 14, 2020, Maine CDC began enrolling contacts of patients with reported COVID-19 into Sara Alert (MITRE Corporation, 2020),* an automated, web-based, symptom monitoring tool.After initial communication with Maine CDC staff members, enrolled contacts automatically received daily symptom questionnaires via their choice of e-mailed weblink, text message, texted weblink, or telephone call until completion of their quarantine.Epidemiologic investigations were conducted for enrollees who reported symptoms or received a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result.During May 14-June 26, Maine CDC enrolled 1,622 contacts of 614 190 (11.7%) eventually developed COVID-19, highlighting the importance of identifying, quarantining, and monitoring contacts of COVID-19 patients to limit spread.In Maine, symptom monitoring was not feasible without the use of an automated symptom monitoring tool.Using a tool that permitted enrollees to specify a method of symptom monitoring was well received, because the majority of persons monitored (96.4%) agreed to report using this system.Public health investigators interviewed persons with COVID-19 upon report of the case to Maine CDC to collect information about their contacts, including date of last exposure.Contacts were defined as persons who were within 6 feet
Hepatic Fat—Genetic Risk Score Predicts Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Cirrhotic HCV Treated With DAAs
Authors: Elisabetta Degasperi, Enrico Galmozzi, Serena Pelusi, Roberta D’Ambrosio, Roberta Soffredini, Marta Borghi, Riccardo Perbellini, Floriana Facchetti, Massimo Iavarone, Angelo Sangiovanni, Luca Valenti, Pietro Lampertico
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

Background and Aims Genetic factors and steatosis predispose to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus; however, their impact in patients with cirrhosis cured by direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) is still undefined. We assessed the association between a genetic risk score (GRS) of hepatic fat accumulation, combining variants in PNPLA3 (patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 3), MBOAT7 (membrane bound O‐acyltransferase domain containing 7), TM6SF2 (transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2), GCKR (glucokinase regulator), and HCC in patients treated with DAAs. Approach and Results We considered 509 consecutive patients with HCV cirrhosis (defined histologically or when liver stiffness ≥12 kPa) treated with DAAs. HCC was diagnosed according to international recommendations. GRS was calculated from the weighted impact of single variants on hepatic fat content quantified by H 1 spectrometry in the general population (Dallas Heart Study). During a median follow‐up of 43 (3‐57) months after DAA start, 36 of 452 (8%) patients developed de novo HCC, 4‐year cumulative probability being 9% (95% confidence interval 7%‐12%). Male sex (hazard ratio [HR] 2.54, P = 0.02), diabetes (HR 2.39, P = 0.01), albumin (HR 0.35, P = 0.001), and GRS score &gt;0.597 (HR 2.30, P = 0.04) were independent predictors of de novo HCC. In contrast, single genetic risk variants were not useful in stratifying HCC risk. The proportion of patients who developed HCC according to the combination of the independent risk factors ranged from 11% to 67%. HCC recurred in 28 of 57 (49%) patients with previous history; diabetes and ethnicity were the only independent predictors of HCC recurrence. Conclusions In a large cohort of DAA‐treated patients with cirrhotic HCV, GRS was associated with de novo HCC independently of classical risk factors, including liver disease severity. These data suggest that hepatic fat (i.e., lipotoxicity) promotes HCC in this setting and may represent a target for chemoprevention. Combination of clinical and genetic predictors may improve HCC risk stratification.
Anti–influenza H7 human antibody targets antigenic site in hemagglutinin head domain interface
Authors: Jinhui Dong, Iuliia Gilchuk, Sheng Li, Ryan Irving, Matthew T. Goff, Hannah L. Turner, Andrew B. Ward, Robert H. Carnahan, James E. Crowe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

Although broadly protective, stem-targeted Abs against the influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) have been well studied, very limited information is available on Abs that broadly recognize the head domain. We determined the crystal structure of the HA protein of the avian H7N9 influenza virus in complex with a pan-H7, non-neutralizing, protective human Ab. The structure revealed a B cell epitope in the HA head domain trimer interface (TI). This discovery of a second major protective TI epitope supports a model in which uncleaved HA trimers exist on the surface of infected cells in a highly dynamic state that exposes hidden HA head domain features.
Insights into cardiovascular research in Göttingen and Heidelberg: a report by the ESC Scientists of Tomorrow
Authors: Constanze Schmidt, Niels Voigt
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2020)

Cardiovascular research developments • Latest insights • Heart failure • Atrial fibrillation Over the last years, the medical faculties in Go ¨ttingen and Heidelberg have gained important insights into the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF), cardiomyopathies, and cardiac arrhythmias (Figure 1).The scientific interest of researchers at both universities has led to fruitful interactions and collaborations to elucidate cardiovascular pathophysiological mechanisms.Until today, cardiovascular research at both universities has involved interactions between basic science, clinical, and especially translational aspects.Here, we aim to summarize some of the latest cardiovascular research developments from both institutions.
Research and Development Costs of New Drugs
Authors: Bart Dierynck, Philip Joos
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Implementation of a biopsy protocol to improve detection of esophageal eosinophilia: a Danish registry-based study
Authors: Anne Lund Krarup, Asbjørn Mohr Drewes, Per Ejstrud, Peter Thaysen Laurberg, Mogens Vyberg
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Abstract Background In the North Denmark Region (580 272 inhabitants), only 0–4 cases of possible eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) were identified annually in 1999–2010, suggesting underdiagnosis. This study aimed to increase the diagnosis of EoE by introducing a regional biopsy protocol for patients with dysphagia. Methods In 2011, leaders of regional endoscopy units attended a consensus meeting where a biopsy protocol was proposed. The national pathology registry was used to identify patients with esophageal eosinophilic inflammation during 2007–2017. Results Discussion resulted in consensus on a protocol to take eight biopsy samples in dysphagia patients (four biopsies from 4 cm and 14 cm above the esophagogastric junction–“4–14–4 rule”) regardless of the macroscopic appearance, and to code eosinophilia systematically in the pathology registry. A pictogram showing the 4–14–4 rule was sent to all endoscopy units. The number of patients with esophageal eosinophilia detected per year increased 50-fold after the protocol was implemented in 2011 (median of 1 [interquartile range 0–3] vs. 52 [47–56]; P &lt; 0.001), and the number of biopsy samples per patient doubled (median 4 [4–5] vs. 8 [6–9]; P &lt; 0.04). Of 309 patients diagnosed with esophageal eosinophilia in 2007–2017, 24 % had erosive esophagitis or Barrett’s esophagus, and 74 % had EoE. Conclusions A consensus-based biopsy protocol and improved coding of eosinophilia in the pathology registry resulted in a 50-fold increase in patients diagnosed with esophageal eosinophilia/year. These patients can now receive treatment. The effort to establish the protocol and change the culture of endoscopists and pathologists was minimal.
Recommendations for interventional pulmonology during COVID-19 outbreak: a consensus statement from the Portuguese Pulmonology Society
Authors: F. Guedes, J.P. Boléo-Tomé, L.V. Rodrigues, H.N. Bastos, S. Campainha, M. de Santis, L. Mota, A. Bugalho
Journal: Pulmonology (2020)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel SARS-CoV-2 pathogen. Its capacity for human-to-human transmission through respiratory droplets, coupled with a high-level of population mobility, has resulted in a rapid dissemination worldwide. Healthcare workers have been particularly exposed to the risk of infection and represent a significant proportion of COVID-19 cases in the worst affected regions of Europe. Like other open airway procedures or aerosol-generating procedures, bronchoscopy poses a significant risk of spreading contaminated droplets, and medical workers must adapt the procedures to ensure safety of both patients and staff. Several recommendation documents were published at the beginning of the pandemic, but as the situation evolves, our thoughts should not only focus on the present, but should also reflect on how we are going to deal with the presence of the virus in the community until there is a vaccine or specific treatment available. It is in this sense that this document aims to guide interventional pulmonology throughout this period, providing a set of recommendations on how to perform bronchoscopy or pleural procedures safely and efficiently.
Analysis of 10,462 8/8 HLA- Matched Unrelated Donor Transplants Could Not Identify a Donor Selection Score, As Younger Age Is the Only Significant Donor Characteristic Associated with Survival
Authors: Bronwen E. Shaw, Brent R. Logan, Stephen R. Spellman, Steven GE Marsh, James Robinson, Joseph Pidala, Carolyn Hurley, Juliet Barker, Martin Maiers, Jason Dehn, Hailin Wang, Michael Haagenson, David L Porter, Effie W. Petersdorf, Ann Woolfrey, Mary M. Horowitz, Michael R Verneris, Katharine C. Hsu, Katharina Fleischhauer, Stephanie J Lee
Journal: Blood (2017)
Abstract 13456: The Effect of Empagliflozin on Myocardial Extracellular Matrix Expansion in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Tamique Mason, Subodh Verma, Andrew T Yan, Biswajit Chowdhury, Fei Zuo, Kevin E Thorpe, Otavio R Coelho-Filho, Michael Jerosch-Herold, Lawrence A Leiter, Bernard Zinman, Peter Juni, Adrian Quan, Hwee Teoh, David Mazer, Kim A Connelly
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce cardiovascular (CV) mortality, heart failure hospitalization, and promote left ventricular (LV) remodeling in patients with ty...
Dual delivery of stem cells and insulin-like growth factor-1 in coacervate-embedded composite hydrogels for enhanced cartilage regeneration in osteochondral defects
Authors: Hyeran Cho, Junhyung Kim, Sungjun Kim, Yun Chan Jung, Yadong Wang, Byung-Jae Kang, Kyobum Kim
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2020)
Major GI bleeding in older persons using aspirin: incidence and risk factors in the ASPREE randomised controlled trial
Authors: Suzanne E Mahady, Karen L Margolis, Andrew Chan, Galina Polekhina, Robyn L Woods, Rory Wolfe, Mark R Nelson, Jessica E Lockery, Erica M Wood, Christopher Reid, Michael E Ernst, Anne Murray, LTP Thao, John J McNeil
Journal: Gut (2020)

Objective There is a lack of robust data on significant gastrointestinal bleeding in older people using aspirin. We calculated the incidence, risk factors and absolute risk using data from a large randomised, controlled trial. Design Data were extracted from an aspirin versus placebo primary prevention trial conducted throughout 2010–2017 (‘ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE)’, n=19 114) in community-dwelling persons aged ≥70 years. Clinical characteristics were collected at baseline and annually. The endpoint was major GI bleeding that resulted in transfusion, hospitalisation, surgery or death, adjudicated independently by two physicians blinded to trial arm. Results Over a median follow-up of 4.7 years (88 389 person years), there were 137 upper GI bleeds (89 in aspirin arm and 48 in placebo arm, HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.32 to 2.66, p&lt;0.01) and 127 lower GI bleeds (73 in aspirin and 54 in placebo arm, HR 1.36, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.94, p=0.08) reflecting a 60% increase in bleeding overall. There were two fatal bleeds in the placebo arm. Multivariable analyses indicated age, smoking, hypertension, chronic kidney disease and obesity increased bleeding risk. The absolute 5-year risk of bleeding was 0.25% (95% CI 0.16% to 0.37%) for a 70 year old not on aspirin and up to 5.03% (2.56% to 8.73%) for an 80 year old taking aspirin with additional risk factors. Conclusion Aspirin increases overall GI bleeding risk by 60%; however, the 5-year absolute risk of serious bleeding is modest in younger, well individuals. These data may assist patients and their clinicians to make informed decisions about prophylactic use of aspirin. Trial registration number ASPREE. NCT01038583 .
Abstract A56: Effect of chemotherapy on gut microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites in children with cancer
Authors: Abderrahim Benmoussa, Véronique Bélanger, Emile Levy, Caroline Laverdière, Alain Stintzi, Daniel Sinnett, Valérie Marcil
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Chemotherapy used to treat pediatric cancers often causes significant side effects including vomiting, diarrhea, and severe infections. Bacteria composing the intestinal microbiota play a major role in the health of individuals. The modification of the gut microbiota profile (by nutrition, antibiotics, or other chemical agents) can lead to beneficial or adverse effects on health status. It has been suggested that the gut microbiota may modulate response to treatment, including side effects from chemotherapy. However, studies in the field are lacking to prove this concept. We aim to examine whether the modifications of gut microbiota profiles are associated with negative sides effects of pediatric cancer treatment and lead to higher peripheral inflammation and oxidative stress. To explore this new line of research, we are studying the longitudinal changes in gut microbiota, bacterial-derived metabolites, and state of inflammation and oxidative stress during cancer treatment. A total of 38 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma will be recruited at Sainte-Justine UHC in Montreal. We are collecting clinical data, blood, and fecal samples at different time points during treatment. Nutritional data are gathered with 24-hour recalls assessing diet prior to sample collection. Our methodology includes multiplexed massively parallel sequencing, ELISA, high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and enzymatic techniques. Our findings will serve as a foundation for mechanistic studies and the development of biomarkers for therapeutic use, and contribute to a better understanding of individual responses to childhood cancer therapy. Citation Format: Abderrahim Benmoussa, Véronique Bélanger, Emile Levy, Caroline Laverdière, Alain Stintzi, Daniel Sinnett, Valérie Marcil. Effect of chemotherapy on gut microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites in children with cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 17-20; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(14 Suppl):Abstract nr A56.