tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Colorectal cancer in Iran: Molecular epidemiology and screening strategies.
Authors: Roya Dolatkhah, Saeed Dastgiri, Mohammad hossein Somi, Morteza Jabbarpour Bonyadi, Iraj Asvadi Kermani, Faris Farassati
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e12513 Background: The increasing incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the past three decades in Iran has made it a major public health burden. This study aimed to report its epidemiologic features, molecular genetic aspects, survival, heredity and screening pattern in Iran. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify the relevant published articles. We used medical subject headings, including: colorectal cancer, molecular genetics, KRAS and BRAF mutations, screening, survival, epidemiologic study, and Iran. Results: Age Standardized Incidence Rate of Iranian CRCs was 11.6 and 10.5 for men and women, respectively. Overall five-year survival rate was 41%, and the proportion of CRC among the younger age group was higher than that of western countries. Depending on ethnicity, geographical region, dietary and genetic predisposition, mutation genes were considerably diverse and distinct among CRCs across Iran. The high occurrence of CRC in records of relatives of CRC patients showed that family history of CRC was more common among young CRCs. Conclusions: Appropriate screening strategies for CRC which is amenable to early detection through screening, especially in relatives of CRCs, should be considered as the first step in CRC screening programs.
Glucosamine Use, Inflammation, and Genetic Susceptibility, and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study in UK Biobank
Authors: Hao Ma, Xiang Li, Tao Zhou, Dianjianyi Sun, Zhaoxia Liang, Ying Li, Yoriko Heianza, Lu Qi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

Glucosamine is a widely used supplement typically taken for osteoarthritis and joint pain. Emerging evidence suggests potential links of glucosamine with glucose metabolism, inflammation, and cardiometabolic risk. We prospectively analyzed the association of habitual glucosamine use with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and assessed whether genetic susceptibility and inflammation status might modify the association.This study analyzed 404,508 participants from the UK Biobank who were free of diabetes, cancer, or cardiovascular disease at baseline and completed the questionnaire on supplement use. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between habitual use of glucosamine and risk of incident T2D.During a median of 8.1 years of follow-up, 7,228 incident cases of T2D were documented. Glucosamine use was associated with a significantly lower risk of T2D (hazard ratio 0.83, 95% CI 0.78-0.89) after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, race, center, Townsend deprivation index, lifestyle factors, history of disease, and other supplement use. This inverse association was more pronounced in participants with a higher blood level of baseline C-reactive protein than in those with a lower level of this inflammation marker (P-interaction = 0.02). A genetic risk score for T2D did not modify this association (P-interaction = 0.99).Our findings indicate that glucosamine use is associated with a lower risk of incident T2D.
An intestinal model with a finger-like villus structure fabricated using a bioprinting process and collagen/SIS-based cell-laden bioink
Authors: WonJin Kim, Geun Hyung Kim
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

The surface of the small intestine has a finger-like microscale villus structure, which provides a large surface area to realize efficient digestion and absorption.However, the fabrication of a villus structure using a cell-laden bioink containing a decellularized small intestine submucosa, SIS, which can induce significant cellular activities, has not been attempted owing to the limited mechanical stiffness, which sustains the complex projective finger-like 3D structure.In this work, we developed a human intestinal villi model with an innovative bioprinting process using a collagen/SIS cell-laden bioink.Methods: A Caco-2-laden microscale villus structure (geometry of the villus: height = 831.1 ± 36.2 μm and diameter = 190.9 ± 3.9 μm) using a bioink consisting of collagen type-I and SIS was generated using a vertically moving 3D bioprinting process.By manipulating various compositions of dECM and a crosslinking agent in the bioink and the processing factors (printing speed, printing time, and pneumatic pressure), the villus structure was achieved.Results: The epithelial cell-laden collagen/SIS villi showed significant cell proliferation (1.2-fold) and demonstrated meaningful results for the various cellular activities, such as the expression of tight-junction proteins (ZO-1 and E-cadherin), ALP and ANPEP activities, MUC17 expression, and the permeability coefficient and the glucose uptake ability, compared with the pure 3D collagen villus structure. Conclusion:In vitro cellular activities demonstrated that the proposed cell-laden collagen/dECM villus structure generates a more meaningful epithelium layer mimicking the intestinal structure, compared with the pure cell-laden collagen villus structure having a similar villus geometry.Based on the results, we believe that this dECM-based 3D villus model will be helpful in obtaining a more realistic physiological small-intestine model.
Testosterone Improved Body Composition in Male Cancer Survivors
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mesoporous polydopamine carrying sorafenib and SPIO nanoparticles for MRI-guided ferroptosis cancer therapy
Authors: Qingqing Guan, Ruomi Guo, Shihui Huang, Fan Zhang, Jie Liu, Zhiyong Wang, Xi Yang, Xintao Shuai, Zhong Cao
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2020)
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Authors: Salim S. Virani, Alvaro Alonso, Emelia J. Benjamin, Marcio S. Bittencourt, Clifton W. Callaway, April P. Carson, Alanna M. Chamberlain, Alexander R. Chang, Susan Cheng, Francesca N. Delling, Luc Djousse, Mitchell S.V. Elkind, Jane F. Ferguson, Myriam Fornage, Sadiya S. Khan, Brett M. Kissela, Kristen L. Knutson, Tak W. Kwan, Daniel T. Lackland, Tené T. Lewis, Judith H. Lichtman, Chris T. Longenecker, Matthew Shane Loop, Pamela L. Lutsey, Seth S. Martin, Kunihiro Matsushita, Andrew E. Moran, Michael E. Mussolino, Amanda Marma Perak, Wayne D. Rosamond, Gregory A. Roth, Uchechukwu K.A. Sampson, Gary M. Satou, Emily B. Schroeder, Svati H. Shah, Christina M. Shay, Nicole L. Spartano, Andrew Stokes, David L. Tirschwell, Lisa B. VanWagner, Connie W. Tsao
Journal: Circulation (2020)

The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports on the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs).The American Heart Association, through its Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update. The 2020 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. This year's edition includes data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, metrics to assess and monitor healthy diets, an enhanced focus on social determinants of health, a focus on the global burden of cardiovascular disease, and further evidence-based approaches to changing behaviors, implementation strategies, and implications of the American Heart Association's 2020 Impact Goals.Each of the 26 chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics.The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policy makers, media professionals, clinicians, healthcare administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
Helen Salisbury: Is transactional care enough?
Authors: Helen Salisbury
Journal: BMJ (2020)

I’m lucky enough to have been in the same practice since 2002, and I’m still discovering things about the patients I look after, making connections that deepen my understanding of who they are and how illness affects them. Terms that have been used to describe me, or the kind of general practice that I think all patients should have, include old fashioned, nostalgic, or hopelessly unrealistic.

A distinction has been drawn between transactional and relationship based (or relational) care. In transactional care the patient has a specific need, a condition is diagnosed and treated, a …
2019 Update on Pediatric Medical Overuse
Authors: Nathan M. Money, Alan R. Schroeder, Ricardo A. Quinonez, Timmy Ho, Jennifer R. Marin, Daniel J. Morgan, Sanket S. Dhruva, Eric R. Coon
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

Medical overuse is common in pediatrics and may lead to unnecessary care, resource use, and patient harm. Timely scrutiny of established and emerging practices can identify areas of overuse and empower clinicians to reconsider the balance of harms and benefits of the medical care that they provide. A literature review was conducted to identify the most important areas of pediatric medical overuse in 2018.Consistent with prior methods, a structured MEDLINE search and manual table of contents review of selected pediatric journals for the 2018 literature was conducted identifying articles pertaining to pediatric medical overuse. The structured MEDLINE search consisted of a PubMed search for articles with the Medical Subject Headings term health services misuse or medical overuse or article titles containing the term unnecessary, inappropriate, overutilization, or overuse. Articles containing the term overuse injury or overuse injuries were excluded, along with articles not published in English and those not constituting original research. The same search was performed using Embase with the additional Emtree term unnecessary procedure. Each article was evaluated by 3 independent raters for quality of methods, magnitude of potential harm, and number of patients potentially harmed. Ten articles were identified based on scores and appraisal of overall potential harm. This year's review identified both established and emerging practices that may warrant deimplementation. Examples of such established practices include antibiotic prophylaxis for urinary tract infections, routine opioid prescriptions, prolonged antibiotic courses for latent tuberculosis, and routine intensive care admission and pharmacologic therapy for neonatal abstinence syndrome. Emerging practices that merit greater inspection and discouragement of widespread adoption include postdischarge nurse-led home visits, probiotics for gastroenteritis, and intensive cardiac screening programs for athletes.This year's review highlights established and emerging practices that represent medical overuse in the pediatric setting. Deimplementation of disproven practices and careful examination of emerging practices are imperative to prevent unnecessary resource use and patient harm.
Abatacept treatment for patients with early active primary Sjögren's syndrome: a single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial (ASAP-III study)
Authors: Jolien F van Nimwegen, Esther Mossel, Greetje S van Zuiden, Robin F Wijnsma, Konstantina Delli, Alja J Stel, Bert van der Vegt, Erlin A Haacke, Lisette Olie, Leonoor I Los, Gwenny M Verstappen, Sarah A Pringle, Fred K L Spijkervet, Frans G M Kroese, Arjan Vissink, Suzanne Arends, Hendrika Bootsma
Journal: The Lancet Rheumatology (2020)
Global Longitudinal Strain and Cardiac Events in Patients With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Myocarditis
Authors: Magid Awadalla, Syed S. Mahmood, John D. Groarke, Malek Z.O. Hassan, Anju Nohria, Adam Rokicki, Sean P. Murphy, Nathaniel D. Mercaldo, Lili Zhang, Daniel A. Zlotoff, Kerry L. Reynolds, Raza M. Alvi, Dahlia Banerji, Shiying Liu, Lucie M. Heinzerling, Maeve Jones-O’Connor, Rula B. Bakar, Justine V. Cohen, Michael C. Kirchberger, Ryan J. Sullivan, Dipti Gupta, Connor P. Mulligan, Sachin P. Shah, Sarju Ganatra, Muhammad A. Rizvi, Gagan Sahni, Carlo G. Tocchetti, Donald P. Lawrence, Michael Mahmoudi, Richard B. Devereux, Brian J. Forrestal, Anant Mandawat, Alexander R. Lyon, Carol L. Chen, Ana Barac, Judy Hung, Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan, Michael H. Picard, Franck Thuny, Stephane Ederhy, Michael G. Fradley, Tomas G. Neilan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Risk Prediction for Acute Kidney Injury — Super Important, Now suPAR Easy?
Authors: Frank Tacke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Risk prediction is an inherently challenging, routine clinical necessity — used during initial emergency department presentation, in the intensive care unit (ICU), and in the evaluation of patients for elective procedures such as coronary angiography or surgery. Routine laboratory determinations often accurately reflect the severity of current disease but may not capture risks of imminent organ failure and thus may fail to predict an individual patient's prognosis. Among potential organ system failures, acute kidney injury stands out, owing to its increasing incidence, associated costs, and association with risk of death. Acute kidney injury occurs in approximately 10 to 15% of . . .
Maternal low-dose aspartame and stevia consumption with an obesogenic diet alters metabolism, gut microbiota and mesolimbic reward system in rat dams and their offspring
Authors: Jodi E Nettleton, Nicole A Cho, Teja Klancic, Alissa C Nicolucci, Jane Shearer, Stephanie L Borgland, Leah A Johnston, Hena R Ramay, Erin Noye Tuplin, Faye Chleilat, Carolyn Thomson, Shyamchand Mayengbam, Kathy D McCoy, Raylene A Reimer
Journal: Gut (2020)

Objective We examined the impact of maternal low-dose aspartame and stevia consumption on adiposity, glucose tolerance, gut microbiota and mesolimbic pathway in obese dams and their offspring. Design Following obesity induction, female Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated during pregnancy and lactation to: (1) high fat/sucrose diet (HFS) +water (obese-WTR); (2) HFS +aspartame (obese-APM; 5–7 mg/kg/day); (3) HFS +stevia (obese-STV; 2–3 mg/kg/day). Offspring were weaned onto control diet and water and followed until 18 weeks. Gut microbiota and metabolic outcomes were measured in dams and offspring. Cecal matter from offspring at weaning was used for faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) into germ-free (GF) mice. Results Maternal APM and STV intake with a HFS diet increased body fat in offspring at weaning and body weight long-term with APM. Maternal APM/HFS consumption impaired glucose tolerance in male offspring at age 8 weeks and both APM and STV altered faecal microbiota in dams and offspring. Maternal obesity/HFS diet affected offspring adiposity and glucose tolerance more so than maternal LCS consumption at age 12 and 18 weeks. APM and STV altered expression of genes in the mesolimbic reward system that may promote consumption of a palatable diet. GF mice receiving an FMT from obese-APM and obese-STV offspring had greater weight gain and body fat and impaired glucose tolerance compared with obese-WTR. Conclusion Maternal low-calorie sweetener consumption alongside HFS may disrupt weight regulation, glucose control and gut microbiota in dams and their offspring most notably in early life despite no direct low-calorie sweetener consumption by offspring.
Inhibition of Endothelial PHD2 Suppresses Post-Ischemic Kidney Inflammation through Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1
Authors: Ganeshkumar Rajendran, Michael P. Schonfeld, Ratnakar Tiwari, Shengping Huang, Rafael Torosyan, Timothy Fields, Jihwan Park, Katalin Susztak, Pinelopi P. Kapitsinou
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain-containing proteins 1-3 (PHD1 to PHD3) regulate the activity of the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) HIF-1 and HIF-2, transcription factors that are key regulators of hypoxic vascular responses. We previously reported that deficiency of endothelial HIF-2 exacerbated renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, whereas inactivation of endothelial PHD2, the main oxygen sensor, provided renoprotection. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms by which endothelial PHD2 dictates AKI outcomes remain undefined.
Influence of a Nonionic, Iso-Osmolar Contrast Medium (Iodixanol) Versus an Ionic, Low-Osmolar Contrast Medium (Ioxaglate) on Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty
Authors: Michel E. Bertrand, Enrique Esplugas, Jan Piessens, Wenche Rasch
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —The potential merits and disadvantages of the use of ionic or nonionic contrast media in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) have been the subjects of controversy. The present study was designed to evaluate the possible influence of both types of contrast media on major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients undergoing PTCA. Methods and Results —In a randomized, parallel-group, double-blind study, 1411 patients received either iodixanol (a nonionic, iso-osmolar contrast medium) or ioxaglate (an ionic, low-osmolar contrast medium) during PTCA. A standardized anticoagulation regimen was followed. Patients were monitored in the hospital for 2 days and followed-up at 1 month. The primary end point, a composite of MACE (death, stroke, myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass grafting, and re-PTCA) after 2 days, occurred in 4.3% of the total population, with no statistically significant difference between groups (iodixanol, 4.7%; ioxaglate, 3.9%; P =0.45). Further, between 2-day and 1-month follow-ups, no significant difference ( P =0.27) existed between the groups in the rates of MACE. Hypersensitivity reactions ( P =0.007) and adverse drug reactions ( P =0.002) were significantly less frequent in the iodixanol group. The only significant predicting factors for the occurrence of MACE were dissection/abrupt closure and country. Conclusions —No significant differences were observed between the iodixanol and ioxaglate groups with regard to MACE, although hypersensitivity and adverse drug reactions were significantly less frequent in patients who received iodixanol.
PANERB研究 : 転移性結腸直腸ガン(MCRC)罹患患者のどのカテゴリーがセツキシマブに基づく投薬計画失敗後,パニツムマブ治療から利益を得ることができるか?
Authors: Grude F, Metges J, Raoul J, Achour N, Capitain O, Gourlaouen A, Ramee J, Cumin I, Douillard J, Traore S
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2010)
Patient Ability to Interpret Dermatopathology Reports in an Academic Dermatology Practice
Authors: Rebecca L. Yanovsky, Arash Mostaghimi, Elizabeth Buzney, Alice Watson
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2020)

Hannah Shucard, MS; Michael W. Piepkorn, MD; Lisa M. Reisch, PhD; Kathleen F. Kerr, PhD; Andrea C. Radick, MS; Pin-Chieh Wang, MS, PhD; Stevan R. Knezevich, MD; Raymond L. Barnhill, MD; David E. Elder, MD; Joann G. Elmore, MD, MPH
Liver transcriptomics highlights interleukin-32 as novel NAFLD-related cytokine and candidate biomarker
Authors: Guido Alessandro Baselli, Paola Dongiovanni, Raffaela Rametta, Marica Meroni, Serena Pelusi, Marco Maggioni, Sara Badiali, Piero Pingitore, Samantha Maurotti, Tiziana Montalcini, Alice Emma Taliento, Daniele Prati, Giorgio Rossi, Anna Ludovica Fracanzani, Rosellina Margherita Mancina, Stefano Romeo, Luca Valenti
Journal: Gut (2020)

Objective Efforts to manage non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are limited by the incomplete understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms and the absence of accurate non-invasive biomarkers. The aim of this study was to identify novel NAFLD therapeutic targets andbiomarkers by conducting liver transcriptomic analysis in patients stratified by the presence of the PNPLA3 I148M genetic risk variant. Design We sequenced the hepatic transcriptome of 125 obese individuals. ‘Severe NAFLD’ was defined as the presence of steatohepatitis, NAFLD activity score ≥4 or fibrosis stage ≥2. The circulating levels of the most upregulated transcript, interleukin-32 (IL32), were measured by ELISA. Results Carriage of the PNPLA3 I148M variant correlated with the two major components of hepatic transcriptome variability and broadly influenced gene expression. In patients with severe NAFLD, there was an upregulation of inflammatory and lipid metabolism pathways. IL32 was the most robustly upregulated gene in the severe NAFLD group (adjusted p=1×10 −6 ), and its expression correlated with steatosis severity, both in I148M variant carriers and non-carriers. In 77 severely obese, and in a replication cohort of 160 individuals evaluated at the hepatology service, circulating IL32 levels were associated with both NAFLD and severe NAFLD independently of aminotransferases (p&lt;0.01 for both). A linear combination of IL32-ALT-AST showed a better performance than ALT-AST alone in NAFLD diagnosis (area under the curve=0.92 vs 0.81, p=5×10 −5 ). Conclusion Hepatic IL32 is overexpressed in NAFLD, correlates with hepatic fat and liver damage, and is detectable in the circulation, where it is independently associated with the presence and severity of NAFLD.
Matt Morgan: Meetings without meat
Authors: Matt Morgan
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The flowers in my garden sprouted before the Christmas tree was taken down. Australia welcomed the New Year alight with fire. The year has hardly begun, but the climate emergency is set to be the story of 2020.

It’s hard to raise a glass to the next decade while the climate emergency causes more deaths than smoking, AIDS, diabetes, and vehicle crashes combined, putting increased pressure on healthcare services.1 Climate related illness and injury disproportionately affect low income communities—another example of the poorest and most vulnerable people bearing the largest burden of ill health. And yet, while health providers are busy treating the …