tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Olanzapine for the Treatment of Advanced Cancer–Related Chronic Nausea and/or Vomiting
Authors: Rudolph M. Navari, Cameron M. Pywell, Jennifer G. Le-Rademacher, Patrick White, Andrew B. Dodge, Costantine Albany, Charles L. Loprinzi
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

Nausea and vomiting, unrelated to chemotherapy, can be substantial symptoms in patients with advanced cancer. To evaluate the utility of olanzapine for treating chronic nausea/vomiting, unrelated to chemotherapy, in patients with advanced cancer. This study is a double-line, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial conducted from July 2017 through April 2019, with analysis conducted in 2019. Eligible participants were outpatients with advanced cancer who had persistent nausea/vomiting without having had chemotherapy or radiotherapy in the prior 14 days. Chronic nausea was present for at least 1 week (worst daily nausea numeric rating scores needed to be greater than 3 on a 0-10 scale). Patients received olanzapine (5 mg) or a placebo, orally, daily for 7 days. Patient-reported outcomes were used for study end points. Data were collected at baseline and daily for 7 more days. The primary study end point (the change in nausea numeric rating scores from baseline to the last treatment day) and the study hypothesis were both identified prior to data collection. A total of 30 patients (15 per arm) were enrolled; these included 16 women and 14 men who had a mean (range) age of 63 (39-79) years. Baseline median nausea scores, in all patients, were 9 out of 10 (range, 8-10). After 1 day and 1 week, the median nausea scores in the placebo arm were 9 out of 10 (range, 8-10) on both days, compared with the olanzapine arm scores of 2 out of 10 (range, 2-3) after day 1 and 1 out of 10 (range, 0-3) after 1 week. After 1 week of treatment, the reduction in nausea scores in the olanzapine arm was 8 points (95% CI, 7-8) higher than that of the placebo arm. The primary 2-sided end point P value was <.001. Correspondingly, patients in the olanzapine arm reported less emesis, less use of other antiemetic drugs, better appetite, less sedation, less fatigue, and better well-being. One patient, on the placebo, stopped treatment early owing to lack of perceived benefit. No patients receiving olanzapine reported excess sedation or any other adverse event. Olanzapine, at 5 mg/d, appeared to be effective in controlling nausea and emesis and in improving other symptoms and quality-of-life parameters in the study population. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03137121.
Uncertainty of Prenatally Diagnosed Congenital Heart Disease: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kelly W. Harris, Kathleen M. Brelsford, Ann Kavanaugh-McHugh, Ellen Wright Clayton
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Parents who receive a prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease may experience more short- and long-term stress than those who receive a postnatal diagnosis. To identify potential interventions to ameliorate that stress, the longitudinal emotional experience of parents must first be understood. <h3>Objective</h3> To better understand parents' accounts of their own prenatal experience, particularly aspects they found to be stressful or challenging, and to identify strategies to improve support. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This qualitative study included analysis of transcripts of audio recorded telephone interviews with pregnant mothers and their support persons, as applicable, who were referred to and seen at the Fetal Cardiology Clinic at Vanderbilt Children's Hospital from May 2019 to August 2019 with an initial likely diagnosis of complex congenital heart disease at any gestational age. Data analysis was conducted from August 2019 to November 2019. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> An applied thematic analysis approach was used to code and analyze professionally transcribed interviews. Coding and codebook revisions occurred iteratively; intercoder reliability was assessed and confirmed routinely. One author coded all transcripts; a second author independently reviewed one-fifth of the transcripts at fixed intervals to ensure that interrater reliability remained greater than 80%. <h3>Results</h3> Twenty-seven individuals from 17 families participated in 42 phone interviews during pregnancy, 27 conducted at the first time point after the initial prenatal cardiology consultation and 15 at the second time point after a follow-up prenatal cardiology visit. Most interviewees were mothers (16 interviewees [59%]; median [interquartile range] age, 30.0 [27.3-34.8] years) or fathers (8 interviewees [30%)], with a few support individuals (3 interviewees [11%]) (median [interquartile range] age of family member or support individual, 30.0 [26.0-42.0] years). Initial fetal diagnoses included a range of severe congenital heart disease. Uncertainty was identified as a pervasive central theme and was related both to concrete questions on scheduling, logistics, or next steps, and long-term unknown variables concerning the definitiveness of the diagnosis or overall prognosis. Practitioners helped families through their framing of uncertainty at various time points including before, during, and after the clinic visit. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Families walk an uncertain path following a fetal diagnosis of severe congenital heart disease. The challenges faced by the cardiologists caring for them overlap in many ways with those experienced by pediatric palliative care practitioners. Potential future interventions to improve parental support were identified in the areas of expectation setting before the referral visit, communication in clinic, and identity formation after the new diagnosis.
Forward and inverse-planned intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in the CHHiP trial: A comparison of dosimetry and normal tissue toxicity.
Authors: Olivia Frances Naismith, Clare Griffin, Isabel Syndikus, Helen Mayles, Emma Hall, David Paul Dearnaley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

37 Background: CHHiP (CRUK/06/016) is a multicentre randomised controlled trial investigating the use of hypofractionated radiotherapy dose schedules for treatment of localised prostate cancer. RT treatment employs a complex target volume treated with either a multi-segment “forward” plan or inverse-planned intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). This study compares dose-volume histogram (DVH) and toxicity data for rectum and bladder for the two planning techniques. Methods: Three hundred thirty seven patients (230 forward-planned [F]; 107 inverse-planned [I]) with prospectively collected 2 year toxicity and DVH data for rectum and bladder dose constraints were included. Patients were paired for comparison by matching on (1) rectum and prostate + seminal vesicle PTV volumes for the rectal dose comparison (53 matched pairs available); and (2) bladder and prostate-alone PTV volumes for bladder dose comparison (61 matched pairs). For the toxicity comparison patients were additionally matched on randomised dose schedule. Results: Forward-planned patients had significantly larger volumes of rectum irradiated to 50 to 70Gy and bladder at 50 to 60Gy. In contrast, inverse-planned patients had significantly larger volumes of bladder irradiated to 74 Gy. Acute bowel toxicity (G2+ toxicity within 18 weeks of start of RT) was significantly worse in forward-planned patients (27/53 [52%] F vs 11/53 [21%] I; Mann-Whitney p=0.0002). There were no significant differences in acute urinary symptoms. Late toxicity was rare in both planning groups with only two patients (0 F; 2 I) reporting RTOG G2+ bowel/bladder effects at 24 months. Considering LENTSOM data, there was a suggestion of less late bowel toxicity in the inverse group (G1+ at 18 months: 16/53 (30%) F vs. 6/53 (11%) I; p=0.008). Patient reported outcomes of bowel habits showed no consistent differences between planning methods, although there was a tendency for worse urinary function scores in the inverse group at 12 months. Conclusions: Both planning techniques were associated with low late toxicity. Significant differences were found between DVHs from forward and inverse plans. There were some associations between DVH differences and normal tissue effects; these resolved by 2 years. Clinical trial information: CRUK/06/016.
Tumor Antigens Recognized by T Lymphocytes
Authors: T Boon, J C Cerottini, B Van den Eynde, P van der Bruggen, A Van Pel
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1994)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
A Custom Genotyping Array Reveals Population-Level Heterogeneity for the Genetic Risks of Prostate Cancer and Other Cancers in Africa
Authors: Maxine Harlemon, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Michelle S. Kim, Corinne N. Simonti, Melanie H. Quiver, Desiree C. Petersen, Anuradha Mittal, Pedro W. Fernandez, Ann W. Hsing, Shakuntala Baichoo, Ilir Agalliu, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne M. Gueye, Nana Yaa F. Snyper, Ben Adusei, James E. Mensah, Afua O.D. Abrahams, Akindele O. Adebiyi, Akin T. Orunmuyi, Oseremen I. Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Maxwell M. Nwegbu, Maureen Joffe, Wenlong C. Chen, Hayley Irusen, Alfred I. Neugut, Yuri Quintana, Moleboheng Seutloali, Mayowa B. Fadipe, Christopher Warren, Marcos H. Woehrmann, Peng Zhang, Chrissie M. Ongaco, Michelle Mawhinney, Jo McBride, Caroline V. Andrews, Marcia Adams, Elizabeth Pugh, Timothy R. Rebbeck, Lindsay N. Petersen, Joseph Lachance
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Although prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality for African men, the vast majority of known disease associations have been detected in European study cohorts. Furthermore, most genome-wide association studies have used genotyping arrays that are hindered by SNP ascertainment bias. To overcome these disparities in genomic medicine, the Men of African Descent and Carcinoma of the Prostate (MADCaP) Network has developed a genotyping array that is optimized for African populations. The MADCaP Array contains more than 1.5 million markers and an imputation backbone that successfully tags over 94% of common genetic variants in African populations. This array also has a high density of markers in genomic regions associated with cancer susceptibility, including 8q24. We assessed the effectiveness of the MADCaP Array by genotyping 399 prostate cancer cases and 403 controls from seven urban study sites in sub-Saharan Africa. Samples from Ghana and Nigeria clustered together, whereas samples from Senegal and South Africa yielded distinct ancestry clusters. Using the MADCaP array, we identified cancer-associated loci that have large allele frequency differences across African populations. Polygenic risk scores for prostate cancer were higher in Nigeria than in Senegal. In summary, individual and population-level differences in prostate cancer risk were revealed using a novel genotyping array. Significance: This study presents an Africa-specific genotyping array, which enables investigators to identify novel disease associations and to fine-map genetic loci that are associated with prostate and other cancers.
Importing Prescription Drugs from Canada — Legal and Practical Problems with the Trump Administration’s Proposal
Authors: Rachel E. Sachs, Nicholas Bagley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Interview with Prof. Rachel Sachs on the Trump administration's proposal to allow states to develop programs to import prescription drugs from Canada. (10:05)Download The Trump administration has proposed a rule that, if finalized, would allow states to develop programs to import lower-priced prescription drugs from Canada. But the proposal is both unlikely to be successful in lowering drug prices and possibly unlawful.
Epigenetic Attire in Ovarian Cancer: The Emperor's New Clothes
Authors: Daniela Matei, Kenneth P. Nephew
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Ovarian cancer is an aggressive epithelial tumor that remains a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in women. Epigenetic alterations including DNA methylation and histone modifications are being characterized in ovarian cancer and have been functionally linked to processes involved in tumor initiation, chemotherapy resistance, cancer stem cell survival, and tumor metastasis. The epigenetic traits of cancer cells and of associated tumor microenvironment components have been shown to promote an immunosuppressive tumor milieu. However, DNA methylation and histone modifications are reversible, and therapies targeting the epigenome have been implicated in potential reinvigoration of the antitumor immunity. In this review, we provide an overview specifically of DNA methylation and histone modifications as "clothes of the ovarian cancer genome" in relationship to their functional effects and highlight recent developments in the field. We also address the clinical implications of therapeutic strategies to remove or alter specific articles of genomic "clothing" and restore normal cellular function. As the clothes of the genome continue to be deciphered, we envision that the epigenome will become an important therapeutic target for cancer.
Abstract 13141: Coronary Perivascular Fat Attenuation Index in Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Marcio H Miname, Andrea M Bercht, Thamara Morais, Antonildes AssuncaoJr, Raul D Santos, Cesar Higa Nomura
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is heterogeneously associated with premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and noncontrast coronary calcium (CAC) CT scans have bee...
Security and Privacy Risks Associated With Adult Patient Portal Accounts in US Hospitals
Authors: Celine Latulipe, Syeda Fatema Mazumder, Rachel K. W. Wilson, Jennifer W. Talton, Alain G. Bertoni, Sara A. Quandt, Thomas A. Arcury, David P. Miller
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Patient portals can help caregivers better manage care for patients, but how caregivers access the patient portal could threaten patient security and privacy. <h3>Objective</h3> To identify the proportions of hospitals that provide proxy accounts to caregivers of adult patients, endorse password sharing with caregivers, and enable patients to restrict the types of information seen by their caregivers. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This national cross-sectional study included a telephone survey and was conducted from May 21, 2018, to December 20, 2018. The randomly selected sample comprised 1 independent hospital and 1 health system–affiliated general medical hospital from every US state and the District of Columbia. Specialty hospitals and those that did not have a patient portal in place were excluded. An interviewer posing as the daughter of an older adult patient called each hospital to ask about the hospital's patient portal practices. The interviewer used a structured questionnaire to obtain information on proxy account availability, password sharing, and patient control of their own information. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary outcome was the proportion of hospitals that provided proxy accounts to caregivers of adult patients. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of hospitals with personnel who endorsed password sharing and the proportion that allowed adult patients to limit the types of information available to caregivers. <h3>Results</h3> After exclusions, a total of 102 (51 health system–affiliated and 51 independent) hospitals were included in the study. Of these hospitals, 69 (68%) provided proxy accounts to caregivers of adult patients and 26 (25%) did not. In 7 of 102 hospitals (7%), the surveyed personnel did not know if proxy accounts were available. In the 94 hospitals asked about password sharing between the patient and caregiver, personnel in 42 hospitals (45%) endorsed the practice. Among hospitals that provided proxy accounts, only 13 of the 69 hospitals (19%) offered controls that enabled patients to restrict the types of information their proxies could see. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This study found that almost half of surveyed hospital personnel recommended password sharing and that few hospitals enabled patients to limit the types of information seen by those with proxy access. These findings suggest that hospitals and electronic health record (HER) vendors need to improve the availability and setup process of proxy accounts in a way that allows caregivers to care for patients without violating their privacy.
CEOP/IVE/GDP alternating regimen compared with CEOP as the first-line therapy for newly diagnosed patients with peripheral T cell lymphoma: results from a phase 2, multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Ming-Ci Cai, Shu Cheng, Xin Wang, Jian-Da Hu, Yong-Ping Song, Yao-Hui Huang, Zi-Xun Yan, Yu-Jie Jiang, Xiao-Sheng Fang, Xiao-Yun Zheng, Li-Hua Dong, Meng-Meng Ji, Li Wang, Peng-Peng Xu, Wei-Li Zhao
Journal: Genome Medicine (2020)

Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (CHOP)/CHOP-like chemotherapy is widely used in peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL). Here we conducted a phase 2, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial, comparing the efficacy and safety of CEOP/IVE/GDP alternating regimen with CEOP in newly diagnosed PTCL.
A Multicenter Randomized Phase II Study of Sequential Epirubicin/Cyclophosphamide Followed by Docetaxel with or without Celecoxib or Trastuzumab According to HER2 Status, as Primary Chemotherapy for Localized Invasive Breast Cancer Patient.
Authors: J. Pierga, S. Delaloge, S. Giacchetti, E. Brain, A. Savignoni, B. Sigal-Zafrani, M. Mathieu, P. Bertheau, J. Guinebretière, P. De Cremoux, F. Spyratos, M. Marty
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: To assess anti tumor activity of sequential epirubicin/cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel with the randomized addition of celecoxib In Her2-ve patients or trastuzumab in Her2+ve patients versus no additional treatment, in terms of pathological complete response (pCR), defined as absence of residual invasive breast carcinoma and of nodal involvement.Patients and methods: 340 patients with stage II and III breast adenocarcinoma, with tumors ineligible for breast conservative surgery received 8 sequential 3 weekly cycles with epirubicin (75mg/m2)-cyclophosphamide (750mg/m2) for 4 cycles followed by docetaxel (100 mg/m2) for 4 cycles. According to HER2 status (IHC + FISH) they were randomized to receive together with docetaxel, in HER2 negative group (220 patients) celecoxib 800 mg/day during cycles 5-8 or no additional treatment and in HER2 positive group (120 patients) trastuzumab (8mg/kg then 6mg/kg) infused together with docetaxel or no additional treatment. All patients except eight with HER2+ tumor received adjuvant trastuzumab for a cumulative duration of 12 months.Results: In the HER2 negative group, pCR (grade 1 and 2 of Chevallier's classification) was observed in 11.5% and 13% of patients treated without and with neoadjuvant Celecoxib respectively. In the HER2+ group, pCR rate reached 26% in those having received neoadjuvant trastuzumab versus 19% in the others. There was no cardiac toxicity and no toxic death. Triple negative breast cancers experience the highest pCR rate of 30%.Conclusion: It is the first report on the effect of the addition of celecoxib to chemotherapy in neoadjuvant setting in breast cancer, showing that celecoxib does not improve the pCR rate. Addition of trastuzumab does, yet not to the extent reported with a protracted co-administration before surgery. Expression of hormonal receptors appears to be the major prognosticator for pCR. Molecular studies of gene expression profiling should allow improving such prediction.Supported by PHRC AOM/2OO2/02117, Pfizer inc., Roche, sanofi-aventis.ISRCTN10059974 Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5054.
Surgical Diseases of the Abdomen, with Special Reference to Diagnosis.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Averting the legacy of kidney disease—focus on childhood
Authors: Julie R. Ingelfinger, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Franz Schaefer, Philip Kam Tao Li, Guillermo Garcia-Garcia, William G. Couser, Timur Erk, Julie R. Ingelfinger, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Charles Kernahan, Charlotte Osafo, Miguel C. Riella, Luca Segantini, Elena Zakharova
Journal: Kidney International (2016)
Case 5-2000
Authors: Johanna P. Daily, Saha Sadeghi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Presentation of CaseA 35-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a painful abdominal mass and fever.The patient was a native of West Africa who had traveled to the United States several times during the previous three years. He had been generally well except for an episode of typhoid fever five years before admission and multiple bouts of malaria over a number of years; the most recent bout occurred three months before admission. Thirty days before admission, he returned to this country. Three or four days later, fever developed, and his temperature rose to 39.4°C, with shaking . . .
Purine Metabolism in Man—II. Regulation of Pathways and Enzyme Defects.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

of Volume 76 A -- History of Gout. Including Comments from an Illustrious Timeless Gathering -- Metabolic Pathways of Purines -- Mutations Affecting Purine Metabolism in Man -- Immunological Aspects -- Relationship Between Carbohydrate, Lipid and Purine Metabolism -- Methodology -- Author Index.
Petechial Skin Rash Associated With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Authors: Borja Diaz-Guimaraens, Miguel Dominguez-Santas, Ana Suarez-Valle, Cristina Pindado-Ortega, Gerald Selda-Enriquez, Sonia Bea-Ardebol, Diego Fernandez-Nieto
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2020)

Adrien Sanchez, MD; Pierre Sohier, MD, PhD; Sarah Benghanem, MD; Anne-Sophie L'Honneur, PharmD, PhD; Flore Rozenberg, MD, PhD; Nicolas Dupin, MD, PhD; Bethsabée Garel, MD