Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017
Authors: Damaris K. Kinyoki, Jennifer M. Ross, Alice Lazzar-Atwood, Sandra B. Munro, Lauren E. Schaeffer, Mahdieh Abbasalizad-Farhangi, Masoumeh Abbasi, Hedayat Abbastabar, Ahmed Abdelalim, Amir Abdoli, Mohammad Abdollahi, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Nebiyu Dereje Abebe, Teshome Abuka Abebo, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Hassan Abolhassani, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Michael R. M. Abrigo, Abdelrahman I. Abushouk, Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi, Dilaram Acharya, Maryam Adabi, Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji, Victor Adekanmbi, Abiodun Moshood Adeoye, Olatunji O. Adetokunboh, Davoud Adham, Posi Emmanuel Aduroja, Shailesh M. Advani, Mohsen Afarideh, Mohammad Aghaali, Anurag Agrawal, Tauseef Ahmad, Keivan Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Rushdia Ahmed, Olufemi Ajumobi, Chalachew Genet Akal, Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Tomi Akinyemiju, Blessing Akombi, Ziyad Al-Aly, Samiah Alam, Genet Melak Alamene, Turki M. Alanzi, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde Rabanal, Niguse Meles Alema, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Muhammad Ali, Mehran Alijanzadeh, Cyrus Alinia, Vahid Alipour, Hesam Alizade, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Afshin Almasi, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi, Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi, Khalid Altirkawi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk, Azmeraw T. Amare, Adeladza Kofi Amegah, Saeed Amini, Mostafa Amini Rarani, Fatemeh Amiri, Arianna Maever Loreche Amit, Nahla Hamed Anber, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Fereshteh Ansari, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Zelalem Alamrew Anteneh, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Davood Anvari, Razique Anwer, Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah, Jalal Arabloo, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Ephrem Mebrahtu Araya, Zohreh Arefi, Olatunde Aremu, Johan Ärnlöv, Afsaneh Arzani, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Ali A. Asadi-Pooya, Samaneh Asgari, Babak Asghari, Alebachew Fasil Ashagre, Anemaw A. Asrat, Bahar Ataeinia, Hagos Tasew Atalay, Desta Debalkie Atnafu, Maha Moh’d Wahbi Atout, Marcel Ausloos, Euripide F. G. A. Avokpaho, Ashish Awasthi, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Yared A. Asmare Aynalem, Abbas Azadmehr, Samad Azari, Ghasem Azarian, Zelalem Nigussie Azene, Ebrahim Babaee, Alaa Badawi, Ashish D. Badiye, Mohamad Amin Bahrami, Atif Amin A. Baig, Ahad Bakhtiari, Shankar M. Bakkannavar, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, Ayele Geleto Bali, Maciej Banach, Palash Chandra Banik, Zahra Baradaran-Seyed, Adhanom Gebreegziabher Baraki, Miguel A. Barboza, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Lingkan Barua, Huda Basaleem, Sanjay Basu, Mohsen Bayati, Mulat Tirfie Bayih, Habtamu Wondifraw Baynes, Neeraj Bedi, Masoud Behzadifar, Meysam Behzadifar, Yibeltal Alemu Bekele, Derrick A. Bennett, Dessalegn Ajema Berbada, Kidanemaryam Berhe, Abadi Kidanemariam Berhe, Adam E. Berman, Robert S. Bernstein, Reshmi Bhageerathy, Dinesh Bhandari, Pankaj Bharadwaj, Natalia V. Bhattacharjee, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Ali Bijani, Boris Bikbov, Ver Bilano, Nigus Bililign, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed, Setognal Birara, Minuye Biniam Biniam Birhane, Minyichil Birhanu, Raaj Kishore Biswas, Zebenay Workneh Bitew, Kassawmar Angaw Bogale, Somayeh Bohlouli, Srinivasa Rao Bolla, Archith Boloor, Antonio M. Borzì, Shiva Borzouei, Oliver J. Brady, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Dejana Braithwaite, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Gabrielle Britton, Shyam S. Budhathoki, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Reinhard Busse, Zahid A. Butt, Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado, Luis Alberto Cámera, Ismael R. Campos-Nonato, Jorge Cano, Josip Car, Rosario Cárdenas, Juan J. Carrero, Félix Carvalho, João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela, Franz Castro, Ester Cerin, Collins Chansa, Jaykaran Charan, Pranab Chatterjee, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Bal Govind Chauhan, Ali Reza Chavshin, Mohammad Chehrazi, Tesfaye Yitna Chichiabellu, Ken Lee Chin, Devasahayam J. Christopher, Dinh-Toi Chu, Flavia M. Cicuttini, Michael L. Collison, Michael A. Cork, Natalie Cormier, Paolo Angelo Cortesi, Vera M. Costa, Abel Fekadu Fekadu Dadi, Baye Dagnew, Saad M. A. Dahlawi, Giovanni Damiani, Amira Hamed Darwish, Ahmad Daryani, Jai K. Das, Rajat Das Gupta, Claudio Dávila-Cervantes, Nicole Davis Weaver, Diego De Leo, Jan-Walter De Neve, Feleke Mekonnen Demeke, Asmamaw Bizuneh Demis, Dereje Bayissa Demissie, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Kebede Deribe, Rupak Desai, Beruk Berhanu Desalegn, Assefa Desalew, Aniruddha Deshpande, Sagnik Dey, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Preeti Dhillon, Meghnath Dhimal, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Mostafa Dianati Nasab, Daniel Diaz, Zahra Sadat Dibaji Forooshani, Girmaye Deye Dinsa, Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu, Shirin Djalalinia, Hoa Thi Do, Huyen Phuc Do, Paul Narh Doku, Fariba Dorostkar, Leila Doshmangir, Manisha Dubey, Bereket Duko Adema, Susanna J. Dunachie, Bruce B. Duncan, Ewerton Cousin, Andre R. Durães, Lucas Earl, Hamed Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo, Aziz Eftekhari, Iman El Sayed, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Maha El Tantawi, Iffat Elbarazi, Demelash Abewa Elemineh, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Ziad El-Khatib, Aisha Elsharkawy, Yasser Mohamed El-Sherbiny, Iqbal R. F. Elyazar, Mohammad Hassan Emamian, Shymaa Enany, Daniel Adane Endalew, Melese Linger Endalifer, Khalil Eskandari, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Saman Esmaeilnejad, Alireza Esteghamati, Arash Etemadi, Atkilt Esaiyas Etisso, Jessica Fanzo, Mohammad Farahmand, Anwar Faraj, Sajjad Farashi, Mohammad Fareed, Andrea Farioli, Andre Faro, Farshad Farzadfar, Hossein Farzam, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Nazir Fattahi, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Ali Akbar Fazaeli, Netsanet Fentahun, Tomas Y. Ferede, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, João C. Fernandes, Garumma Tolu Feyissa, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Carsten Flohr, Nataliya A. Foigt, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Artem Alekseevich Fomenkov, Masoud Foroutan, Jana Förster, Joel Msafiri Francis, Takeshi Fukumoto, Reta Tsegaye Gayesa, Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam, Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot, Hadush Gebremariam, Kidane Tadesse Gebremariam, Ketema Bizuwork Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Gebreslassie, Gebretsadkan G. G. Gebretsadik, Getnet Azeze Gedefaw, Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Birhanu Geta, Agegnehu Bante Getenet, Kebede Embaye Gezae, Fatemeh Ghaffarifar, Mansour Ghafourifard, Alireza Ghajar, Mahsa Ghajarzadeh, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Hesam Ghiasvand, Asadollah Gholamian, Syed Amir Gilani, Tiffany K. Gill, Ibrahim Abdelmageed Ginawi, Srinivas Goli, Nelson G. M. Gomes, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Houman Goudarzi, Alessandra C. Goulart, Arunkumar Govindakarnavar, Ayman Grada, Michal Grivna, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Rashid Abdi Guled, Yuming Guo, Rahul Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Michael Tamene Haile, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Arya Haj-Mirzaian, Brian J. Hall, Iman Halvaei, Randah R. Hamadeh, Yadollah Hamidi, Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso, Graeme J. Hankey, Hamidreza Haririan, Ninuk Hariyani, Ahmed I. Hasaballah, Md. Mehedi Hasan, Milad Hasankhani, Edris Hasanpoor, Amir Hasanzadeh, Maryam Hashemian, Soheil Hassanipour, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Rasmus Havmoeller, Corinna Hawkes, Khezar Hayat, Desta Haftu Hayelom, Behnam Heidari, Reza Heidari-Soureshjani, Delia Hendrie, Andualem Henok, Nathaniel J. Henry, Mario Herrero, Claudiu Herteliu, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Hagos D. de Hidru, Chi Linh Hoang, Hans W. Hoek, Michael K. Hole, Ramesh Holla, Gillian Hollerich, Enayatollah Homaie Rad, Sung Hwi Hong, Praveen Hoogar, Masako Horino, Naznin Hossain, Mostafa Hosseini, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Mowafa Househ, Mohamed Hsairi, Guoqing Hu, Tanvir M. Huda, Ayesha Humayun, Bing-Fang Hwang, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Milena D. Ilic, Mohammad Hasan Imani-Nasab, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Usman Iqbal, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Chidozie C. D. Iwu, Chinwe Juliana Iwu, Neda Izadi, Jalil Jaafari, Anelisa Jaca, Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh, Nader Jafari Balalami, Morteza Jafarinia, Mohammad Ali Jahani, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Amir Jalali, Farzad Jalilian, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Fyezah Jehan, Ensiyeh Jenabi, Ravi Prakash Jha, Vivekanand Jha, John S. Ji, Peng Jia, Oommen John, Yetunde O. John-Akinola, Kimberly B. Johnson, Jost B. Jonas, Nitin Joseph, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Suresh Banayya Jungari, Mikk Jürisson, Ali Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Amaha Kahsay, Molla Kahssay, Hamed Kalani, Leila L. Kalankesh, Rohollah Kalhor, Zahra Kamiab, Tanuj Kanchan, Umesh Kapil, Neeti Kapoor, Manoochehr Karami, Behzad Karami Matin, André Karch, Mohd A. Karim, Surendra Karki, Amir Kasaeian, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun, Habtamu Kebebe Kasaye, Tesfaye Dessale Kassa, Hagazi Gebremedhin Kassaye, Nicholas J. Kassebaum, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Andre Pascal Kengne, Daniel Bekele Ketema, Yousef Saleh Khader, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Mojtaba Khaksarian, Nauman Khalid, Ibrahim A. Khalil, Rovshan Khalilov, Asad Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Mohammad Saud Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Khaled Khatab, Amir Khater, Mona M. Khater, Mahalqua Nazli Khatib, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Maryam Khazaei-Pool, Mohammad Khazaei, Salman Khazaei, Mohammad Taghi Khodayari, Mohammad Hossein Khosravi, Roba Khundkar, Ali Kiadaliri, Neda Kianipour, Daniel N. Kiirithio, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W. Kimokoti, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Tufa Kolola, Hamidreza Komaki, Shivakumar K. M. Kondlahalli, Ali Koolivand, Parvaiz A. Koul, Ai Koyanagi, Moritz U. G. Kraemer, Kewal Krishan, Kris J. Krohn, Nuworza Kugbey, Manasi Kumar, Pushpendra Kumar, Vivek Kumar, Om P. Kurmi, Oluwatosin Kuti, Carlo La Vecchia, Ben Lacey, Deepesh P. Lad, Aparna Lal, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Faris Hasan Lami, Prabhat Lamichhane, Justin J. Lang, Van C. Lansingh, Savita Lasrado, Georgy Lebedev, Paul H. Lee, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Mostafa Leili, Ian D. Letourneau, Sonia Lewycka, Shanshan Li, Lee-Ling Lim, Shai Linn, Shiwei Liu, Simin Liu, Rakesh Lodha, Joshua Longbottom, Jaifred Christian F. Lopez, Stefan Lorkowski, Erlyn Rachelle King Macarayan, Mohammed Madadin, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, Dhaval P. Maghavani, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Narayan Bahadur Mahotra, Venkatesh Maled, Afshin Maleki, Shokofeh Maleki, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Ali Manafi, Farzad Manafi, Navid Manafi, Narendar Dawanu Manohar, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Borhan Mansouri, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Chabila Christopher Mapoma, Dadi Marami, Laurie B. Marczak, Carlos Alberto Marrugo Arnedo, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Anthony Masaka, Benjamin Ballard Massenburg, Pallab K. Maulik, Benjamin K. Mayala, Mohsen Mazidi, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Freshteh Mehri, Kala M. Mehta, Wahengbam Bigyananda Meitei, Fantahun Ayenew Mekonnen, Teferi Mekonnen, Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles, Hagazi Gebre Meles, Addisu Melese, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G. Menezes, Meresa Berwo Mengesha, George A. Mensah, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Tomasz Miazgowski, Neda Milevska Kostova, Ted R. Miller, Edward J. Mills, G. K. Mini, Seyed Mostafa Mir, Mohammad Miri, Hamed Mirjalali, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Hamed Mirzaei, Maryam Mirzaei, Roya Mirzaei, Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Prasanna Mithra, Babak Moazen, Efat Mohamadi, Amjad Mohamadi-Bolbanabad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Yousef Mohammad, Dara K. Mohammad, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Mousa Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Milad Mohammadoo-Khorasani, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Salahuddin Mohammed, Shafiu Mohammed, Jemal Abdu Mohammed, Ammas Siraj Mohammed, Farnam Mohebi, Amin Mokari, Ali H. Mokdad, Julio Cesar Montañez, Pablo A. Montero-Zamora, Yoshan Moodley, Maryam Moossavi, Ghobad Moradi, Masoud Moradi, Yousef Moradi, Mohammad Moradi-Joo, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Farhad Moradpour, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Paula Moraga, Shane Douglas Morrison, Abbas Mosapour, Jonathan F. Mosser, Simin Mouodi, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Dariush Mozaffarian, Ulrich Otto Mueller, Christopher J. L. Murray, G. V. S. Murthy, Kamarul Imran Musa, Ghulam Mustafa, Saravanan Muthupandian, Behnam Nabavizadeh, Mehdi Naderi, Girish N. Nadkarni, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Mohsen Naghavi, Aliya Naheed, Gurudatta Naik, Farid Najafi, Jobert Richie Nansseu, K. M. Venkat Narayan, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Vinod Nayak, Javad Nazari, Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Dabere Nigatu, Yeshambel T. Nigatu, Rajan Nikbakhsh, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Chukwudi A. Nnaji, Vuong Minh Nong, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Christoph Nowak, Bogdan Oancea, Richard Ofori-Asenso, Onome Bright Oghenetega, In-Hwan Oh, Olanrewaju Oladimeji, Morteza Oladnabi, Andrew T. Olagunju, Tinuke O. Olagunju, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Mojisola Morenike Oluwasanu, Muktar Omer Omer, Obinna E. Onwujekwe, Kwaku Oppong Asante, Eyal Oren, Orish Ebere Orisakwe, Alberto Ortiz, Osayomwanbo Osarenotor, Aaron E. Osgood-Zimmerman, Mayowa Ojo Owolabi, Mahesh P. A., Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Keyvan Pakshir, Adrian Pana, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Hadi Parsian, Tahereh Pashaei, Deepak Kumar Pasupula, Sangram Kishor Patel, Ashish Pathak, Mona Pathak, Sanghamitra Pati, Ajay Patle, George C. Patton, Kebreab Paulos, Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Norberto Perico, William A. Petri, Brandon V. Pickering, David M. Pigott, Majid Pirestani, Bakhtiar Piroozi, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Khem Narayan Pokhrel, Maarten J. Postma, Hadi Pourjafar, Farshad Pourmalek, Reza Pourmirza Kalhori, Akram Pourshams, Hossein Poustchi, Sergio I. Prada, Liliana Preotescu, Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi, Zahiruddin Quazi Syed, Mohammad Rabiee, Navid Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Alireza Rafiei, Fakher Rahim, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Sajjad ur Rahman, Rajesh Kumar Rai, Ali Rajabpour-Sanati, Fatemeh Rajati, Kiana Ramezanzadeh, Saleem Muhammad Rana, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Sowmya J. Rao, Davide Rasella, Vahid Rashedi, Prateek Rastogi, Priya Rathi, Salman Rawaf, David Laith Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Sarah E. Ray, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Vishnu Renjith, Andre M. N. Renzaho, Serge Resnikoff, Nima Rezaei, Shahab Rezaeian, Mohammad Sadegh Rezai, Aziz Rezapour, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Ana Isabel Ribeiro, Jennifer Rickard, Alina Rodriguez, Leonardo Roever, Elias Merdassa Roro, Gholamreza Roshandel, Ali Rostami, Enrico Rubagotti, Anas M. Saad, Seyedmohammad Saadatagah, Yogesh Damodar Sabde, Siamak Sabour, Ehsan Sadeghi, Masoumeh Sadeghi, Saeed Safari, Yahya Safari, Hamid Safarpour, Rajesh Sagar, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Mohammad Reza Salahshoor, Nasir Salam, Farkhonde Salehi, Saleh Salehi Zahabi, Hosni Salem, Marwa R. Rashad Salem, Yahya Salimi, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Evanson Zondani Sambala, Abdallah M. Samy, Itamar S. Santos, Bruno Piassi Sao Jose, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Abdur Razzaque Sarker, Benn Sartorius, Arash Sarveazad, Brijesh Sathian, Maheswar Satpathy, Sonia Saxena, Mehdi Sayyah, Alyssa N. Sbarra, Megan F. Schipp, Maria Inês Schmidt, Aletta Elisabeth Schutte, David C. Schwebel, Anbissa Muleta Senbeta, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi, Faramarz Shaahmadi, Omid Shafaat, Saeed Shahabi, Masood Ali Shaikh, Ali S. Shalash, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Amir Shamshirian, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Mohammed Shannawaz, Kiomars Sharafi, Mehdi Sharif, Rajesh Sharma, Hatem Samir Shehata, Abbas Sheikhtaheri, Kenji Shibuya, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw, Mika Shigematsu, Jae Il Shin, Rahman Shiri, Reza Shirkoohi, Ivy Shiue, Kerem Shuval, Soraya Siabani, Tariq J. Siddiqi, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Biagio Simonetti, Ambrish Singh, Pushpendra Singh, Virendra Singh, Jasvinder A. Singh, Pankaj Kumar Singh, Dhirendra Narain Sinha, Yitagesu Sintayehu, Malede Mequanent M. Sisay, Amin Soheili, Bija Soleymani, Farzaneh Soltani, Shahin Soltani, Joan B. Soriano, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Sergey Soshnikov, Ireneous N. Soyiri, Adel Spotin, Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy, Rajni Kant Kant Srivastava, Antonina Starodubova, Agus Sudaryanto, Mu’awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Gerhard Sulo, Bruno F. Sunguya, Bryan L. Sykes, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Takahiro Tabuchi, Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse, Amir Taherkhani, Koku Sisay Tamirat, Segen Gebremeskel Tassew, Nuno Taveira, Berhane Fseha Teklehaimanot, Gebretsadkan Hintsa Tekulu, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi, Zemenu Tadesse Tessema, Nihal Thomas, Mariya Vladimirovna Titova, Kenean Getaneh Tlaye, Hamid Reza Tohidinik, Marcello Tonelli, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Eugenio Traini, Khanh Bao Tran, Manjari Tripathi, Riaz Uddin, Irfan Ullah, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Era Upadhyay, Ushotanefe Useh, Muhammad Shariq Usman, Olalekan A. Uthman, Marco Vacante, Masoud Vaezghasemi, Pascual R. Valdez, John VanderHeide, Elena Varavikova, Santosh Varughese, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Yasser Vasseghian, Yousef Veisani, Srinivasaraghavan Venkatesh, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Madhur Verma, Simone Vidale, Francesco S. Violante, Vasily Vlassov, Sebastian Vollmer, Rade Vukovic, Yasir Waheed, Haidong Wang, Yafeng Wang, Yuan-Pang Wang, Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel, Andrea Werdecker, Taweewat Wiangkham, Kirsten E. Wiens, Tissa Wijeratne, Haileab Fekadu Wolde, Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash, Tewodros Eshete Wonde, Adam Belay Wondmieneh, Ai-Min Wu, Gelin Xu, Abbas Yadegar, Ali Yadollahpour, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Tomohide Yamada, Yuichiro Yano, Sanni Yaya, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Alex Yeshaneh, Yigizie Yeshaw, Yordanos Gizachew Yeshitila, Mekdes Tigistu Yilma, Paul Yip, Naohiro Yonemoto, Seok-Jun Yoon, Yoosik Youm, Mustafa Z. Younis, Zabihollah Yousefi, Hebat-Allah Salah A. Yousof, Chuanhua Yu, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Leila Zaki, Sojib Bin Zaman, Mohammad Zamani, Maryam Zamanian, Hamed Zandian, Hadi Zarafshan, Nejimu Biza Zepro, Taddese Alemu Zerfu, Taye Abuhay Zewale, Yunquan Zhang, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Xiu-Ju Zhao, Sanjay Zodpey, Kamiar Zomorodian, Francis Bruno Zotor, Ashkan Afshin, Simon I. Hay
Journal: Nature Medicine (2020)

Abstract A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of &lt;5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic.