tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Late Effects From Radiation Therapy: The Hits Just Keep on Coming
Authors: Dan L. Longo
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2009)

There can be little doubt by now that if radiation therapy use in Hodgkin’s disease were a drug regulated by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), it would have been taken off the market. Can you imagine the response to a drug company’s argument? “Even though we don’t have any long-term follow-up data, we are pretty sure that reducing the dose of the drug by one third is going to eliminate the late fatal and life-threatening side effects. We are giving the drug completely differently these days. Trust us on this.” It seems highly unlikely that such an argument would influence the FDA’s decision making, doesn’t it? However, precisely that argument seems to be infl uencing the persistent use of radiation therapy plus chemotherapy in Hodgkin’s disease when equally effective treatment that omits radiation therapy altogether, namely chemotherapy alone, is available. The practice defi es logical explanation. Like Samuel Johnson’s comment on second marriages, it seems to refl ect a triumph of hope over experience. To add to the already overwhelming evidence that the use of radiation therapy in Hodgkin’s disease is shortsighted, De Bruin et al. ( 1 ), reporting for Flora van Leeuwen’s group at the Netherlands Cancer Institute, have quantifi ed yet another late side effect from the use of radiation therapy. They examined the incidence of strokes and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) among 2201 patients who had been treated with radiation therapy, combined modality therapy, or chemotherapy for Hodgkin’s disease, and who had survived at least 5 years. The subjects had a median follow-up of 17 years, a long time by usual standards but still not long enough that one can be sure that all events that are likely to occur have occurred. Patients remain at risk. The median time to fi rst stroke was 17.4 years and the median age at fi rst stroke was 52 years. Forty-fi ve percent of the cerebrovascular events occurred in patients younger than 50 years of age. In the entire group, about 20% of the strokes were fatal, and 7% of the population is projected to die from stroke at 30 years of follow-up. That projection is actually a bit of an underestimate of the risk because only one person among the 187 who received chemotherapy alone had a stroke (three strokes would have been expected in an age-matched population not treated for Hodgkin’s disease), that stroke was not fatal, and none had TIAs. Thus, 87 of the 88 documented ischemic events and all the fatal events were in Hodgkin’s disease survivors who had received radiation therapy. Among those who received radiation to the neck and/or mediastinum, the risk of a cerebrovascular event was increased 2.5-fold compared with an agematched control group that had received no radiation therapy.
Developing a vaccine for covid-19
Authors: Sarah Caddy
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The rapidly developing covid-19 epidemic has stimulated an enormous effort to develop vaccines against the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.At least six vaccine candidates have entered clinical trials across the globe, with more than 80 other candidates reported to be in preclinical stages. 1 This means many different approaches are being moved forward at the same time.However, the road to successful vaccine licensure is treacherous, and only a handful of these vaccines may make it.
FDG Hepatic Superscan Due to Metastatic Infiltration of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Nilufer Yildirim, Didem Sener Dede, Berrak Gumuskaya
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

A 69-year-old man with prostate cancer presented to the hospital with 2 weeks' history of fever, abdominal distension, and fatigue. Laboratory findings showed signs of acute liver failure, and marked elevation of lactate dehydrogenase and tumor marker levels. Abdominal CT showed hepatomegaly with multiple hypodense lesions in both lobes, suggesting metastases. FDG PET/CT scan shows hypermetabolism unusually in the liver with significantly suppressed heart and brain activity, reminiscent of an FDG hepatic superscan. The hypermetabolic lesions confirmed with Tru-Cut needle biopsy of the liver as metastasis of prostate cancer.
Pilot Randomized Trial of a Transdisciplinary Geriatric and Palliative Care Intervention for Older Adults With Cancer
Authors: Ryan D. Nipp, Brandon Temel, Charn-Xin Fuh, Paul Kay, Sophia Landay, Daniel Lage, Esteban Franco-Garcia, Erin Scott, Erin Stevens, Terrence O’Malley, Supriya Mohile, William Dale, Lara Traeger, Vicki Jackson, Joseph A. Greer, Areej El-Jawahri, Jennifer S. Temel
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2020)

Background: Oncologists often struggle with managing the unique care needs of older adults with cancer. This study sought to determine the feasibility of delivering a transdisciplinary intervention targeting the geriatric-specific (physical function and comorbidity) and palliative care (symptoms and prognostic understanding) needs of older adults with advanced cancer. Methods: Patients aged ≥65 years with incurable gastrointestinal or lung cancer were randomly assigned to a transdisciplinary intervention or usual care. Those in the intervention arm received 2 visits with a geriatrician, who addressed patients’ palliative care needs and conducted a geriatric assessment. We predefined the intervention as feasible if &gt;70% of eligible patients enrolled in the study and &gt;75% of eligible patients completed study visits and surveys. At baseline and week 12, we assessed patients’ quality of life (QoL), symptoms, and communication confidence. We calculated mean change scores in outcomes and estimated intervention effect sizes (ES; Cohen’s d ) for changes from baseline to week 12, with 0.2 indicating a small effect, 0.5 a medium effect, and 0.8 a large effect. Results: From February 2017 through June 2018, we randomized 62 patients (55.9% enrollment rate [most common reason for refusal was feeling too ill]; median age, 72.3 years; cancer types: 56.5% gastrointestinal, 43.5% lung). Among intervention patients, 82.1% attended the first visit and 79.6% attended both. Overall, 89.7% completed all study surveys. Compared with usual care, intervention patients had less QoL decrement (–0.77 vs –3.84; ES = 0.21), reduced number of moderate/severe symptoms (–0.69 vs +1.04; ES = 0.58), and improved communication confidence (+1.06 vs –0.80; ES = 0.38). Conclusions: In this pilot trial, enrollment exceeded 55%, and &gt;75% of enrollees completed all study visits and surveys. The transdisciplinary intervention targeting older patients’ unique care needs showed encouraging ES estimates for enhancing patients’ QoL, symptom burden, and communication confidence.
TCT-800 Improvement in Quality of Life in Patients With Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation at Prohibitive Surgical Risk Following Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair with the MitraClip System
Authors: Brij Maini, O'Hara Haley, Mubashir Mumtaz, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Characterization of Cancer Stem-Like Cells in a Novel STI571-Resistant Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cell Line.
Authors: Yongping Song, Baijun Fang, Yanli Zhang, Xudong Wei, Lulu Lu, Xinghu Zhu, Ping Wang, Yufu Li, Qunli Gao, Guiye Wang, Lugui Qiu
Journal: Blood (2005)
Eligibility Criteria for Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Abraham S. Kanate, Miguel-Angel Perales, Mehdi Hamadani
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2020)

Eligibility assessment of a potential candidate for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a complex yet vital component of pretransplant evaluation. Although no formal standardized consensus exists to guide this process, transplant centers follow institutional standard operating procedures and parameters to approve candidacy of an individual patient. Consideration for allo-HCT is dependent on a myriad of interrelated factors, including disease-related (eg, appropriate indication, disease status, prior therapies), patient-related (eg, age, functional status, frailty, comorbidities), psychosocial, and economic factors. A multidisciplinary approach is optimal for patient selection and requires the efforts of transplant coordinators, nurses, advanced practice providers, social workers, psychologists, financial specialists, and physicians. This article reviews the data and provides general guidelines that may be used in making an informed decision when evaluating a prospective candidate for allo-HCT. These recommendations are based on published data, expert commentary, reviews, and institutional practices. In the end, the eligibility assessment and decision to consider allo-HCT as the optimal choice of treatment for an individual patient are truly as much an "art" as it is the "science" of medicine, encompassing a multidisciplinary approach to minimize harm without compromising the curative potential-all essential doctrines of the Hippocratic Oath.
Long term treatment with lamivudine and incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in HBV-related cirrhosis
Authors: V. Di Marco, D. Ferraro, C. Bonura, P. Parisi, L. Sandonato, M. Cappello, P. Almasio, A. Craxì, R. Di Stefano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Efficacy of a neoadjuvant gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist plus low-dose estramustine phosphate in high-risk prostate cancer: A single-center study.
Authors: Kazuhisa Hagiwara, Takuya Koie, Yuki Tobisawa, Hayato Yamamoto, Atsushi Imai, Tohru Yoneyama, Shingo Hatakeyama, Takahiro Yoneyama, Yasuhiro Hashimoto, Chikara Ohyama
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

e542 Background: The optimal treatment for high-risk prostate cancer (Pca) remains to be established. We previously reported favorable biochemical recurrence-free survival (BRFS) for high-risk Pca patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy comprising a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist plus low-dose estramustine (LHRH agonist + EMP) prior to radical prostatectomy (RP). In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy comprising a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist plus low-dose estramustine phosphate (GnRH antagonist + EMP) in patients with high-risk Pca. Methods: Between September 2005 and March 2016, we identified 406 high-risk Pca patients of whom 136 received neoadjuvant GnRH antagonist + EMP and 270 received LHRH agonist + EMP before RP. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and pathological covariates between the two groups. The primary endpoint was the rate of pathological ≤ T2 status, and the secondary endpoint was BRFS. Results: The rates of pathological ≤ T2 status were 80.2% and 61.5% in the GnRH antagonist + EMP and LHRH agonist + EMP groups, respectively ( P &lt; 0.001). The 3-year BRFS rates were 97.8% and 85.2% in the GnRH antagonist + EMP and LHRH agonist + EMP groups, respectively ( P = 0.021). Multivariate analysis revealed that biopsy Gleason score, GnRH antagonist + EMP, and clinical T stage were independent predictors of pathological ≤ T2 status in surgical specimens. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that neoadjuvant GnRH antagonist + EMP followed by RP may improve the pathological outcomes and reduce the risk of biochemical recurrence in patients with high-risk Pca. Further prospective studies to confirm these findings are warranted.
Evaluation of Newer Risk Markers for Coronary Heart Disease Risk Classification
Authors: Maryam Kavousi, Suzette Elias-Smale, Joost H.W. Rutten, Maarten J.G. Leening, Rozemarijn Vliegenthart, Germaine C. Verwoert, Gabriel P. Krestin, Matthijs Oudkerk, Moniek P.M. de Maat, Frank W.G. Leebeek, Francesco U.S. Mattace-Raso, Jan Lindemans, Albert Hofman, Ewout W. Steyerberg, Aad van der Lugt, Anton H. van den Meiracker, Jacqueline C.M. Witteman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Optimizing coronary heart disease risk prediction can help target preventive interventions. This study examined whether the addition of newer markers (N-terminal fragment of prohormone B-type natri...
Origins of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network
Authors: Charles M. Balch, Catherine Harvey Sevier
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2020)

espite the current health crisis, 2020 is a banner year!The National Com- prehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) is celebrating its 25th anniversary.On this occasion, it is worthwhile to recall the origins of the organization and the vision of its leaders in those formative years.When NCCN celebrated its 20th anniversary, both
Who are “we”? Dealing with conflicting moral obligations
Authors: Alex Shaw, Shoham Choshen-Hillel
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2020)

Satisfying one's obligations is an important part of being human. However, people's obligations can often prescribe contradictory behaviors. Moral obligations conflict (loyalty vs. fairness), and so do obligations to different groups (country vs. family when one is called to war). We propose that a broader framework is needed to account for how people balance different social and moral obligations.
How the menstrual cycle and menstruation affect sporting performance: experiences and perceptions of elite female rugby players
Authors: Rebekka J Findlay, Eilidh H R Macrae, Ian Y Whyte, Chris Easton, Laura J Forrest (née Whyte)
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

To explore athletes' past and current experiences and perceptions of the menstrual cycle in relation to its impact on sporting performance.15 international female rugby players participated in individual semi-structured interviews (age: 24.5±6.2 years). All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, resulting in 37 376 words of text for descriptive and thematic analysis. Inter-rater reliability checks resulted in a concordance of agreement of 83%.Almost all athletes (93%) reported menstrual cycle-related symptoms. Thirty-three per cent perceived heavy menstrual bleeding and 67% considered these symptoms impaired their performances. Two-thirds of athletes self-medicated to alleviate symptoms. Thematic analysis generated 262 meaning units, 38 themes, 10 categories and 4 general dimensions. The four general dimensions were: (1) symptoms: physiological and psychological menstrual cycle-related symptoms such as dysmenorrhoea, flooding, reduced energy levels, worry, distraction, fluctuating emotions and reduced motivation; (2) impact: perceived impact of menstruation on different aspects of daily lives and performance including negative and neutral responses; (3) resolution: the methods/approaches in dealing with menstruation-related concerns including accepting, or adapting and managing symptoms with self-medication or expert treatment; (4) support: available support and comfortability in discussing menstrual cycle-related issues.This study provides the first in-depth insight into athlete's experiences of the menstrual cycle and perceived impact on training and competition. It highlights individual responses to menstrual 'issues' and emphasises the need for clinicians and support staff to undertake menstrual cycle profiling, monitoring and continue to develop awareness, openness, knowledge and understanding of the menstrual cycle.
Salt Handling and Hypertension
Authors: Kevin M. O'Shaughnessy, Fiona E. Karet
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2006)

The kidney plays a central role in our ability to maintain an appropriate sodium balance, which is critical for the determination of blood pressure. The kidney's capacity for salt conservation may not be widely appreciated, and in general we consume vastly more salt than we need. Here we consider the socioeconomics of salt consumption, outline current knowledge of renal salt handling at the molecular level, describe some of the disease entities associated with abnormal sodium handling, give an overview of some of the animal models and their relevance to human disease, and examine the evidence that lowering our salt intake can help combat hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
Towards standardization of echocardiography for the evaluation of left ventricular function in adult rodents: a position paper of the ESC Working Group on Myocardial Function
Authors: Serena Zacchigna, Alessia Paldino, Inês Falcão-Pires, Evangelos P Daskalopoulos, Matteo Dal Ferro, Simone Vodret, Pierluigi Lesizza, Antonio Cannatà, Daniela Miranda-Silva, André P Lourenço, Bruno Pinamonti, Gianfranco Sinagra, Florian Weinberger, Thomas Eschenhagen, Lucie Carrier, Izhak Kehat, Carlo G Tocchetti, Michele Russo, Alessandra Ghigo, James Cimino, Emilio Hirsch, Dana Dawson, Michele Ciccarelli, Marco Oliveti, Wolfgang A Linke, Ilona Cuijpers, Stephane Heymans, Nazha Hamdani, Martine de Boer, Dirk J Duncker, Diederik Kuster, Jolanda van der Velden, Christophe Beauloye, Luc Bertrand, Manuel Mayr, Mauro Giacca, Florian Leuschner, Johannes Backs, Thomas Thum
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2020)

Abstract Echocardiography is a reliable and reproducible method to assess non-invasively cardiac function in clinical and experimental research. Significant progress in the development of echocardiographic equipment and transducers has led to the successful translation of this methodology from humans to rodents, allowing for the scoring of disease severity and progression, testing of new drugs, and monitoring cardiac function in genetically modified or pharmacologically treated animals. However, as yet, there is no standardization in the procedure to acquire echocardiographic measurements in small animals. This position paper focuses on the appropriate acquisition and analysis of echocardiographic parameters in adult mice and rats, and provides reference values, representative images, and videos for the accurate and reproducible quantification of left ventricular function in healthy and pathological conditions.
DR|GRADUATE: Uncertainty-aware deep learning-based diabetic retinopathy grading in eye fundus images
Authors: Teresa Araújo, Guilherme Aresta, Luís Mendonça, Susana Penas, Carolina Maia, Ângela Carneiro, Ana Maria Mendonça, Aurélio Campilho
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2020)

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) grading is crucial in determining the adequate treatment and follow up of patients, but the screening process can be tiresome and prone to errors. Deep learning approaches have shown promising performance as computer-aided diagnosis(CAD) systems, but their black-box behaviour hinders the clinical application. We propose DR$\vert$GRADUATE, a novel deep learning-based DR grading CAD system that supports its decision by providing a medically interpretable explanation and an estimation of how uncertain that prediction is, allowing the ophthalmologist to measure how much that decision should be trusted. We designed DR$\vert$GRADUATE taking into account the ordinal nature of the DR grading problem. A novel Gaussian-sampling approach built upon a Multiple Instance Learning framework allow DR$\vert$GRADUATE to infer an image grade associated with an explanation map and a prediction uncertainty while being trained only with image-wise labels. DR$\vert$GRADUATE was trained on the Kaggle training set and evaluated across multiple datasets. In DR grading, a quadratic-weighted Cohen's kappa (QWK) between 0.71 and 0.84 was achieved in five different datasets. We show that high QWK values occur for images with low prediction uncertainty, thus indicating that this uncertainty is a valid measure of the predictions' quality. Further, bad quality images are generally associated with higher uncertainties, showing that images not suitable for diagnosis indeed lead to less trustworthy predictions. Additionally, tests on unfamiliar medical image data types suggest that DR$\vert$GRADUATE allows outlier detection. The attention maps generally highlight regions of interest for diagnosis. These results show the great potential of DR$\vert$GRADUATE as a second-opinion system in DR severity grading.
Abstract 15555: Risk Factors and Outcomes of Young Adults With First Myocardial Infarction: Insight From Gulf Coast Registry
Authors: Abdulhamied Alfaddagh, Mohammad Zubaid, Wafa Rashed
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Limited data exists on cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes in young Arab patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Hypothesis: Young patients with MI have higher prevalence of mo...
Light Therapies for Acne
Authors: Pawel Posadzki, Josip Car
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2018)

<h3>Clinical Question</h3> Are light therapies effective and safe for treating acne? <h3>Bottom Line</h3> The evidence for all light therapies remains weak and inconclusive. Red-light methyl aminolevulinate-photodynamic therapy (MAL-PDT) was the only treatment associated with a small though clinically insignificant reduction in the number of inflamed lesions and in global improvement as assessed by an investigator in moderate to severe acne. Red-light MAL-PDT was not associated with higher rates of severe adverse effects than placebo or no treatment. Owing to inadequate reporting of adverse effects such as scarring or blistering, the safety of all light therapies remains uncertain.
Screening for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Journal: JAMA (1993)

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G09 : Targeting a host-cell entry factor barricades antiviral resistant HCV variants from on-therapy breakthrough in human-liver mice
Authors: K. Vercauteren, R. Brown, A.A. Mesalam, J. Doerrbecker, S. Bhuju, R. Geffers, N. Van Den Eede, F. Troise, L. Verhoye, T. Baumert, A. Farhoudi, R. Cortese, G. Leroux-Roels, T. Pietschmann, A. Nicosia, P. Meuleman
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Infliximab Exposure Associates With Radiologic Evidence of Healing in Patients With Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Peter Bossuyt, Erwin Dreesen, Jordi Rimola, Sofie Devuysere, Yves De Bruecker, Ragna Vanslembrouck, Valérie Laurent, Magaly Zappa, Céline Savoye-Collet, Benjamin Pariente, Jérôme Filippi, Filip Baert, Geert D’Haens, David Laharie, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Séverine Vermeire, Guy Lambrecht, Anthony Buisson, Yoram Bouhnik, Janneke Vander Woude, Philippe Van Hootegem, Jacques Moreau, Edouard Louis, Denis Franchimont, Martine De Vos, Fazia Mana, Hedia Brixi, Matthieu Allez, Philip Caenepeel, Alexandre Aubourg, Bas Oldenburg, Marieke Pierik, Sylvie Chevret
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)
Alemtuzumab plus CHOP versus CHOP in elderly patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma: the DSHNHL2006-1B/ACT-2 trial
Authors: Gerald G. Wulf, Bettina Altmann, Marita Ziepert, Francesco D’Amore, Gerhard Held, Richard Greil, Olivier Tournilhac, Thomas Relander, Andreas Viardot, Martin Wilhelm, Christian Wilhelm, Antonio Pezzutto, Josee M. Zijlstra, Eric Van Den Neste, Pieternella J. Lugtenburg, Jeanette K. Doorduijn, Michel van Gelder, Gustaaf W. van Imhoff, Florian Zettl, Friederike Braulke, Maike Nickelsen, Bertram Glass, Andreas Rosenwald, Philippe Gaulard, Markus Loeffler, Michael Pfreundschuh, Norbert Schmitz, Lorenz Trümper
Journal: Leukemia (2020)