tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HIV Infection: The Basics
Authors: Lise M. Stevens
Journal: JAMA (2010)

HIV Infection: The Basics H uman immunodeficiency virus (HIV for short) is the virus that causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).AIDS is a serious, life-threatening illness that has a variety of symptoms.HIV infection can be treated with medications to make patients feel better and to prolong life.However, there is no cure for HIV infection or AIDS.Approximately 33 million people are infected with HIV worldwide.The July 21, 2010, issue of JAMA is dedicated to HIV/AIDS.This Patient Page is adapted from one previously published in the August 6, 2008, JAMA HIV/AIDS theme issue.
Bladder Pain Syndrome in Women
Authors: Larissa Bresler, Lauren C. Westbay, Colleen M. Fitzgerald
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
<i>In Vivo</i> Epigenetic CRISPR Screen Identifies <i>Asf1a</i> as an Immunotherapeutic Target in <i>Kras</i>-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Fei Li, Qingyuan Huang, Troy A. Luster, Hai Hu, Hua Zhang, Wai-Lung Ng, Alireza Khodadadi-Jamayran, Wei Wang, Ting Chen, Jiehui Deng, Michela Ranieri, Zhaoyuan Fang, Val Pyon, Catríona M. Dowling, Ece Bagdatlioglu, Christina Almonte, Kristen Labbe, Heather Silver, Alexandra R. Rabin, Kandarp Jani, Aristotelis Tsirigos, Thales Papagiannakopoulos, Peter S. Hammerman, Vamsidhar Velcheti, Gordon J. Freeman, Jun Qi, George Miller, Kwok-Kin Wong
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2019)

Abstract Despite substantial progress in lung cancer immunotherapy, the overall response rate in patients with KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains low. Combining standard immunotherapy with adjuvant approaches that enhance adaptive immune responses—such as epigenetic modulation of antitumor immunity—is therefore an attractive strategy. To identify epigenetic regulators of tumor immunity, we constructed an epigenetic-focused single guide RNA library and performed an in vivo CRISPR screen in a KrasG12D/Trp53−/− LUAD model. Our data showed that loss of the histone chaperone Asf1a in tumor cells sensitizes tumors to anti–PD-1 treatment. Mechanistic studies revealed that tumor cell–intrinsic Asf1a deficiency induced immunogenic macrophage differentiation in the tumor microenvironment by upregulating GM-CSF expression and potentiated T-cell activation in combination with anti–PD-1. Our results provide a rationale for a novel combination therapy consisting of ASF1A inhibition and anti–PD-1 immunotherapy. Significance: Using an in vivo epigenetic CRISPR screen, we identified Asf1a as a critical regulator of LUAD sensitivity to anti–PD-1 therapy. Asf1a deficiency synergized with anti–PD-1 immunotherapy by promoting M1-like macrophage polarization and T-cell activation. Thus, we provide a new immunotherapeutic strategy for this subtype of patients with LUAD. See related commentary by Menzel and Black, p. 179. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 161
Timing of referral for palliative radiation therapy and length of hospital stay.
Authors: Moeko Nagatsuka, Ryan T. Hughes, Chase Glenn, Doris R. Brown
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

57 Background: Palliative radiation therapy (PRT) offers effective symptomatic relief to cancer patients. Increased focus on quality of care and healthcare efficiency necessitate a better understanding of the temporal relationships between consultation for/initiation of PRT and length of hospital stay (LOS). This study aims to assess whether durations from admission to PRT consult/PRT initiation affect LOS. Methods: In an institutional review of patients who received PRT as inpatients between January 2017 and December 2018, 67 met inclusion criteria. Duration of time from admission to consultation or start of PRT were categorized using various thresholds. LOS was compared across groups using the Wilcoxon rank sum test and factors were evaluated as predictors of LOS using bivariate linear regression. Results: PRT was given for pain (37%), neurologic deficits/brain metastases (31%), and respiratory symptoms (19%). Multiple sites were treated in 31%; treatment sites included spine (45%), non-spine bone (27%), chest (22%), abdomen/pelvis (12%), brain (10%) and soft tissue (6%). At admission, patients had known metastases (66%), no prior cancer diagnosis (19%), or known primary cancer (15%). Median LOS was 12 days (IQR 7-18) for all patients. There was a significant difference in LOS for patients referred for PRT within 3 days of admission versus greater than 3 days (11 v. 21 days, p &lt; 0.01). This difference was slightly greater using a threshold of 4 days (11 v. 25 days, p &lt; 0.01) and 5 days (11 v. 26 days, p &lt; 0.01), both of which remained significant when analyzing only patients with prior cancer diagnosis (n = 54). There was no difference in LOS using a threshold of 1 or 2 days. As a continuous variable, duration from admission to PRT was associated with LOS (OR 2.40, p &lt; 0.01). Similar patterns were noted when analyzing by time from admission to PRT start. Conclusions: Earlier radiation oncology consultation for PRT is associated with shorter LOS in patients treated with PRT for symptomatic malignancy. Further research is needed to better define this relationship and improve systematic processes to facilitate early consultation and treatment. A palliative radiation oncology clinic was recently developed to address these issues at our institution.
GP who downplayed symptoms of boy who died from Addison’s disease is suspended
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2019)

A GP who gave wrongly dated and misleading medical notes to police inquiring into the death of a 12 year old boy from undiagnosed Addison’s disease has been suspended from the UK medical register for nine months.

Ryan Morse died in the early hours of 8 December 2012, hours after his mother rang the local Blaenau Gwent surgery twice in a day, reporting high temperature, extreme drowsiness, and involuntary bowel movement. The second time, she spoke to GP Joanne Rudling, telling her that the boy’s genitals had turned black.

But Rudling failed to check the notes of the first call or give adequate weight to the fact that the mother was calling again, the tribunal found. She failed to obtain an adequate history or reach an appropriate conclusion about the change in genital colour, failed to offer a home visit or recommend …
Comparing carboplatin dose administered to the calculated dose using the Modification of Diet and Renal Disease (MDRD) equation
Authors: J. L. Villano, L. Bressler, L. Radhakrishnan, S. Cuellar, S. S. Shord
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

13003 Background: Renal function assessment is vital for dosing of chemotherapy drugs. GFR is usually estimated by creatinine clearance (CrCl). The MDRD equation is thought to provide a more accurate estimation of GFR than the Cockcroft-Gault or 24-hour CrCl measurement. Although this formula has been validated in kidney disease, it has not been extensively studied in cancer patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records for patients who received carboplatin from the University of Illinois at Chicago for a 4-year study period. General demographic information, carboplatin dose for cycles one to three, and common laboratory parameters at baseline and following cycles one to three were collected. The MDRD derived value of GFR was then used in the Calvert equation to calculate carboplatin dose. This calculated dose was compared to the actual dose administered in the first cycle. From this comparison, the records were divided into two groups: (A) actual vs. calculated dose ≥ 20% and (B) actual vs. calculated dose &lt; 20%. We then assessed toxicity by determining the frequency in each group requiring dose reduction on the second cycle of carboplatin. Results: Data are available for 116 patient comparisons. 78 patient comparisons were in group B with agreement between actual vs. calculated MDRD dose. 38 were in group A with 36 having the actual dose being ≥ 20% less than the MDRD-calculated dose. Wilcoxin and Chi analysis reveals statistical significance for African American, women, lower serum creatinine, and older age for Group A. In Group A, cycle 2 dose reductions were made in 3 cases (8% and due to hematologic). In Group B, cycle 2 dose reductions were made in 12 cases. In 8 of these cases (10%), dose reductions were based on ANC, and in 4 cases dose reductions were made likely on the basis of changes in weight or creatinine. Conclusion: In the comparisons examined to date, differences in carboplatin doses due to different methods of calculation do not appear to significantly influence the frequency of dose reduction. Factors used in calculating MDRD such as age, sex, serum creatinine, and ethnicity were variables associated with ≥ 20% difference in actual vs. calculated MDRD dose. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The experiences of transgender and non-binary children and young people and their parents in healthcare settings in England, UK: Interviews with members of a family support group
Authors: Anna Carlile
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2019)

Background: Transgender and non-binary children and young people and their parents in England, UK are poorly served across a range of healthcare settings. Whilst UK equalities legislation and international guidance on transgender healthcare pathways protects this group from discrimination and mandates an affirmative approach, services in England are not keeping pace.Aims: This study aims to draw on the experiences of transgender and non-binary children, young people and their parents in a support group in England in order to investigate their experiences of healthcare provision, and to develop some ideas for improvement.Method: Data was collected with participants in a family support group which offers a parent helpline service, social groups for children and parents, and training for schools and other organizations. 65 parents and children from 27 families from the family support group attended participatory workshops where they were given a range of briefs: "health," "family," "friends," and "education." Their participation involved being asked to define their own interview questions and collect data by interviewing each other. Their interview notes constituted the raw data. Data was coded inductively by the author with respondent checking as a second stage.Results: Results constitute the views of a small group of people, so cannot be generalized. However, they do illustrate some of the issues which may arise. Participants' experiences elicited five key themes: professionals' perceived lack of clinical and therapeutic knowledge; mental distress caused by excessive waiting lists; professionals' stereotyped gender assumptions; direct discrimination within healthcare settings; and a lack of attention to parent and child voice, especially in terms of school-based experiences and where a patient had a diagnosis of autism.
Atezolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel as first-line treatment for unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (IMpassion130): updated efficacy results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
Authors: Peter Schmid, Hope S Rugo, Sylvia Adams, Andreas Schneeweiss, Carlos H Barrios, Hiroji Iwata, Véronique Diéras, Volkmar Henschel, Luciana Molinero, Stephen Y Chui, Vidya Maiya, Amreen Husain, Eric P Winer, Sherene Loi, Leisha A Emens
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2019)
Trastuzumab in Combination with Vinorelbine or Docetaxel as Adjuvant Treatment of Breast Cancer with HER-2 Gene Amplification
Authors: Heikki Joensuu, PL Kellokumpu-Lehtinen, Petri Bono, T Alanko, V Kataja, R Asola, T Utriainen, R Kokko, Akseli Eetu Hemminki, Maija Tarkkanen, T Turpeenniemi-Hujanen, S Jyrkkiö, M Flander, L Helle, S Ingalsuo, K Johansson, A-S Jääskeläinen, M Pajunen, M Rauhala, J Kaleva-Kerola, M Leinonen, Inkeri Elomaa, J Isola
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)
Rectal indometacin dose escalation for prevention of pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in high-risk patients: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Evan L Fogel, Glen A Lehman, Paul Tarnasky, Gregory A Cote, Suzette E Schmidt, Akbar K Waljee, Peter D R Higgins, James L Watkins, Stuart Sherman, Richard S Y Kwon, Grace H Elta, Jeffrey J Easler, Douglas K Pleskow, James M Scheiman, Ihab I El Hajj, Nalini M Guda, Mark A Gromski, Lee McHenry, Seena Arol, Sheryl Korsnes, Alejandro L Suarez, Rebecca Spitzer, Marilyn Miller, Maria Hofbauer, B Joseph Elmunzer
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2019)
Performance status, survival, and end-of-life care in adults with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immunotherapy.
Authors: Laura A. Petrillo, Areej El-Jawahri, Ryan David Nipp, Morgan Lichtenstein, Kerry Lynn Reynolds, Joseph Greer, Jennifer S. Temel, Justin F. Gainor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

49 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) improve survival for adults with metastatic NSCLC. Despite limited data on ICI efficacy in adults with poor performance status (PS), oncologists often elect to treat this population with ICI given their relatively favorable toxicity profile and potential for durable response. We aimed to describe the timing of ICI and patients’ survival based on PS, and explore the effect of late ICI use on end-of-life (EOL) care. Methods: Retrospective study of 235 adults with metastatic NSCLC at a single academic center who initiated ICI from 2015-2017. We compared overall survival (OS) among adults with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) PS ≥ 2 at ICI start to those with ECOG PS &lt; 2, using the log-rank test and Cox regression, adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity, time from diagnosis and line of therapy. We used logistic regression to analyze the association between ICI in the last 30 days of life and EOL care. Results: The median age at ICI start was 67 (range 37-91), and 83/235 (35%) had ECOG PS ≥ 2. Patients received ICI as first- (19%), second-line (56%) or later (25%) therapy. Median OS was 4.0 months in adults with ECOG PS ≥ 2 and 14.3 months in ECOG PS &lt; 2 (p &lt; 0.0001; HR = 2.5 [95% CI 1.8–3.5]). Among adults who died (n = 165), 17% of those with ECOG PS ≥ 2 started ICI in last 30 days of life and 24% started or continued ICI in their last 30 days, compared to 4% and 7% of ECOG PS &lt; 2 (p = 0.005, p = 0.001, respectively). Receipt of ICI in last 30 days of life was associated with decreased hospice referral (OR 0.29, p = 0.006), decreased odds of hospice stay &gt; 7 days (OR 0.15, p &lt; 0.001), and increased in-hospital death (OR 6.8, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Adults with metastatic NSCLC and ECOG PS ≥ 2 experience significantly shorter survival than those with ECOG PS &lt; 2 and more often receive ICI near the end of life, and late ICI use is associated with decreased hospice use and increased in-hospital death. Clinicians should thus use caution in extrapolating data from clinical trials, which are limited to ECOG PS &lt; 2, to inform the care of adults with ECOG PS ≥ 2. Further, these results highlight potential tradeoffs of ICI and underscore the need for efforts to improve communication about ICI risks and benefits.
Varying Estimations of Surgical Work Value Units
Authors: Christopher P. Childers, Melinda Maggard-Gibbons
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Comment on Cho et al. Antidiabetic Medications and Mortality Risk in Individuals With Pancreatic Cancer–Related Diabetes and Postpancreatitis Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Diabetes Care 2019;42:1675–1683
Authors: Anne-Claire Devouge, Ninon Foussard, Pauline Poupon, Marie Monlun, Laurence Blanco, Kamel Mohammedi, Vincent Rigalleau
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

We were interested by the recent article from Cho et al. (1), who reported that mortality was reduced by half in metformin-treated subjects with postpancreatitis diabetes mellitus (PPDM). This information is important: the proportion of type 3c diabetes has long been underestimated as a result of misdiagnosis as type 2 diabetes. PPDM can reach 1.8% of new adult-onset diabetes cases (2) and up to 9.2% among hospitalized patients (3), second in frequency after type 2 diabetes.

Cho et al. concluded that metformin monotherapy appeared to be the best front-line treatment in individuals with PPDM, which seems provocative at first sight. Chronic pancreatitis was previously considered the most important cause of type 3c diabetes, …
TGFβ1 mimetic peptide modulates immune response to grass pollen allergens in mice
Authors: Galber R. Araujo, Lorenz Aglas, Emília R. Vaz, Yoan Machado, Sara Huber, Martin Himly, Albert Duschl, Luiz R. Goulart, Fatima Ferreira
Journal: Allergy (2019)

Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) is a cytokine that exerts immunosuppressive functions, as reflected by its ability to induce regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation and inhibit Th1 and Th2 responses. Hence, peptides that mimic the active core domain of TGFβ1 may be promising candidates for modulation of the allergic response. This study aimed to investigate a synthetic TGFβ1 mimetic peptide (TGFβ1-mim) for its ability to modulate the immune response during allergic sensitization to grass pollen allergens.
Napsin A Expression in Subtypes of Thyroid Tumors: Comparison with Lung Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Jianghua Wu, Yanhui Zhang, Tingting Ding, Runfen Cheng, Wenchen Gong, Yuhong Guo, Ye Luo, Yi Pan, Qiongli Zhai, Wei Sun, Dongmei Lin, Baocun Sun
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2019)
TET Dioxygenase Inhibition As a Therapeutic Strategy in TET2 Mutant Myeloid Neoplasia
Authors: Yihong Guan, Anand D. Tiwari, James G Phillips, Metis Hasipek, Dale Grabowski, Cassandra M Kerr, Vera Adema, Yasunobu Nagata, Valeria Visconte, Tomas Radivoyevitch, Daniel Lindner, Manja Meggendorfer, Mohamed Abazeed, Mikkael A. Sekeres, Torsten Haferlach, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski, Babal K. Jha
Journal: Blood (2019)
RCGP calls on GMC to introduce mandatory and public declaration of interests register
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2019)

The Royal College of General Practitioners will call on the General Medical Council to ensure that all doctors registered in the UK have declared their conflicts of interests, as part of a mandatory scheme.

The move comes after the college council “overwhelmingly” passed a motion on 23 November, which said that declaring interests must be a condition of registering with the GMC, that declarations must be reviewed “at least annually,” and must be held on a publicly available register.1

The council said that it believes that all healthcare professionals should make similar declarations of interest, and any associated …
Focal treatments for metastatic soft tissue sarcoma (mSTS) is associated with improved overall survival
Authors: C.T. Chen, T.W.-W. Chen, H.-W. Chen, C.-Y. Hsu, W.-H. Lin, P.-M. Huang, J.-C. Lee, K.-H. Huang, R.-S. Yang, R.-L. Hong, H.-M. Chen, C.Y. Yang, C.-C. Chang
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Predictors of transfer to different facility at discharge in patients admitted with metastatic solid malignancy: Five-year National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database analysis.
Authors: Sunny R K Singh, Sindhu Janarthanam Malapati, Rohit Kumar, Kannan Thanikachalam, Yaser Alkhatib
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

38 Background: Improvement in cancer treatment has led to an increase in prevalence of metastatic malignancy (met-Ca) with a rise in healthcare utilization secondary to this. We aim to identify predictive factors for transfer at discharge to another non-acute facility, such as nursing home and sub-acute rehab. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort analysis of NIS database (from years 2010 to 2014.) Inclusion criteria was any admission of adults (≥18 years) with met-Ca (identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes.) Patients transferred in from a different acute care hospital or another type of health facility were excluded. Primary outcome was transfer upon discharge to a different facility (transfer out) excluding acute care hospital. Statistical analysis was done using STATA. Results: There were 3,204,631 admissions with met-Ca, 15.3% (n= 490,735) had transfer out. Of these, 50.6% were females, 69.6% Caucasians and mean age was 70.9 years. On multivariate regression analysis, African Americans had higher odds for transfer out versus Caucasians (OR 1.06 p &lt;0.005). Admission type- weekend vs weekday and elective vs non elective were also associated with this outcome (OR 1.08 p&lt;0.005 and OR 0.56 p&lt;0.005). Odds ratio for other predictors are shown below (p value &lt;0.005 for all). Conclusions: Age, race, increased length of stay, cancer type, hospital size and teaching status, admission type and insurance type had a significant predictive value for transfer out after discharge in patients with met-Ca. A future area of exploration is the development of a scoring system to predict risk of transfer to a different facility at discharge- this will allow early mobilization of resources for these patients with complex healthcare needs. [Table: see text]
Three-dimensional spatially resolved geometrical and functional models of human liver tissue reveal new aspects of NAFLD progression
Authors: Fabián Segovia-Miranda, Hernán Morales-Navarrete, Michael Kücken, Vincent Moser, Sarah Seifert, Urska Repnik, Fabian Rost, Mario Brosch, Alexander Hendricks, Sebastian Hinz, Christoph Röcken, Dieter Lütjohann, Yannis Kalaidzidis, Clemens Schafmayer, Lutz Brusch, Jochen Hampe, Marino Zerial
Journal: Nature Medicine (2019)