tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tayside breast cancer patients are recalled after treatment is criticised
Authors: Bryan Christie
Journal: BMJ (2019)

More than 300 patients with breast cancer in Tayside are being offered a review of their treatment after receiving lower doses of chemotherapy than anywhere else in Scotland.

NHS Tayside is also reverting to the standard dosage regime following a report from Healthcare Improvement Scotland (HIS) that was critical of the prescribing change which patients were not informed about.

Oncologists at Ninewells Hospital in Dundee decided in 2016 to change the FEC-T regimen of chemotherapy from the standard doses used across Scotland of …
Density Based Characterization of Mechanical Cues on Cancer Cells Using Magnetic Levitation
Authors: Murat Baday, Ozlem Ercal, Ayse Zisan Sahan, Asude Sahan, Baris Ercal, Hakan Inan, Utkan Demirci
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2019)

Abstract Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness is correlated to malignancy and invasiveness of cancer cells. Although the mechanism of change is unclear, mechanical signals from the ECM may affect physical properties of cells such as their density profile. The current methods, such as Percoll density‐gradient centrifugation, are unable to detect minute density differences. A magnetic levitation device is developed (i.e., MagDense platform) where cells are levitated in a magnetic gradient allowing them to equilibrate to a levitation height that corresponds to their unique cellular density. In application of this system, MDA‐MB‐231 breast and A549 lung cancer cells are cultured and overall differences in cell density are observed in response to increasing collagen fiber density. Overall, density values are significantly more spread out for MDA‐MB‐231 cells extracted from the 1.44 mg mL −1 collagen gels compared to those from 0.72 mg mL −1 collagen, whereas no significant difference with A549 cell lines is observed. The MagDense platform can determine differences in cellular densities under various microenvironmental conditions. The imaging of cancer cells in a magnetic levitation device serves as a unique tool to observe changes in phenotypic properties of cancer cells as they relate to micromechanical cues encoded by the ECM.
Prognostic Value of Tumor Heterogeneity and SUVmax of Pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT for Salivary Gland Carcinoma With High-Risk Histology
Authors: Nai-Ming Cheng, Cheng-En Hsieh, Chun-Ta Liao, Shu-Hang Ng, Hung-Ming Wang, Yu-Hua Dean Fang, Wen-Chi Chou, Chien-Yu Lin, Tzu-Chen Yen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Purpose Previous studies have shown that SUVmax on 18 F-FDG PET/CT predicts prognosis in patients with salivary gland carcinoma (SGC). Here, we sought to evaluate whether texture features extracted from 18 F-FDG PET/CT images may provide additional prognostic information for SGC with high-risk histology. Methods We retrospectively examined pretreatment 18 F-FDG PET/CT images obtained from 85 patients with nonmetastatic SGC showing high-risk histology. All patients were treated with curative intent. We used the fixed threshold of 40% of SUVmax for tumor delineation. PET texture features were extracted by using histogram analysis, normalized gray-level co-occurrence matrix, and gray-level size zone matrix. Optimal cutoff points for each PET parameter were derived from receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. Recursive partitioning analysis was used to construct a prognostic model for overall survival (OS). Results Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses revealed that SUVmax, SUV entropy, uniformity, entropy, zone-size nonuniformity, and high-intensity zone emphasis were significantly associated with OS. The strongest associations with OS were found for high SUVmax (&gt;6.67) and high SUV entropy (&gt;2.50). Multivariable Cox analysis identified high SUVmax, high SUV entropy, performance status, and N2c–N3 stage as independent predictors of survival. A prognostic model derived from multivariable analysis revealed that patients with high SUVmax and SUV entropy or with the presence of poor performance status or N2c–N3 were associated with worse OS. Conclusions A prognostic model that includes SUVmax and SUV entropy is useful for risk stratification and supports the additional benefit of texture analysis for SGC with high-risk histology.
Abstract P5-04-06: Withdrawn
Authors: JA Katzenellenbogen, J Min, SH Kim, MJ Laws, Y Zhao, Y Ziegler, ER Nelson, SH Shahoei, D Chu, BH Park, BS Katzenellenbogen
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract This abstract was withdrawn by the authors. Citation Format: Katzenellenbogen JA, Min J, Kim SH, Laws MJ, Zhao Y, Ziegler Y, Nelson ER, Shahoei SH, Chu D, Park BH, Katzenellenbogen BS. Withdrawn [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-04-06.
Additional Data to Explain Childhood Obesity
Authors: Sara Jaffer, Dimple Goel, Alison Poulton
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
US consumer agency wins $50m order against predatory publisher OMICS
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2019)

OMICS, a publisher of “predatory” academic journals that earn revenue by charging fees to authors, must pay $50.1m (£38m; €45m) to the US government after a federal court in Nevada found that its “unfair and deceptive practices” had breached the Federal Trade Commission Act.1

The company deceived thousands of authors and scientists who attended conferences organised by its de facto subsidiaries, the court found. It also misled authors about peer review, publishing fees, journal impact factors, and indexing of journals in public libraries.

If enforced, the fine could be a devastating blow to the company. It represents the entire income of OMICS from July 2011 to August 2017, less the money it already paid back to authors in refunds.

Any money recovered will be distributed by the Federal Trade Commission …
Authors’ reply to English
Authors: Elizabeth Such, Elizabeth Walton, Toby Bonvoisin, Hanni Stoklosa
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Reporting and acting on suspicions of modern slavery by healthcare professionals is not straightforward.12 Each national setting has statutory duties and a range of possible routes to less formal—and more variable—advice, guidance, and support. Current legislation in the United Kingdom does not specifically give healthcare professionals a duty to notify the authorities of potential cases of modern slavery (Modern Slavery Act 2015, chapter 30, part 5, section 32). More globally, the goal is not to force disclosure or to report but to create an “open door” through which to generate trust and a flow of information so that victims know where they can go …
Abstract 21057: Combined Administration of DNMT and HDAC6 Inhibitors Suppress Endotoxemia Induced Macrophages Pro-Inflammatory Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhigang Zhou, Saheli Samanta, Sheeja Rajasingh, Bahar Barani, Nicholas Drosos, Rui-Lan Wang, Buddhadeb Dawn, Johnson Rajasingh
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is an common inflammatory disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Therapies based on a new understanding of disease pathogenesis are needed. Studies have shown that treatment with a single drug is not effective in controlling the pro-inflammatory response caused by ALI. Hypothesis: The combinatorial epigenetic treatment with 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine (Aza, a DNMT inhibitor) and Tubastatin-A (TBSA, a HDAC6 inhibitor) after LPS-induced ALI would mitigates the pro-inflammatory P38-MAPK signaling and rescues animal from ALI-induced death. Methods: Acute lung injury was induced in C57BL mice by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10mg/kg). One hour later, the mice received either vehicle, Aza (1mg/kg), TBSA (0.25mg/kg), or Aza+TBSA. After 12 hours, the mice were sacrificed for further biochemical and histological analyses. To delineate the signaling mechanism, we have used macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). For this, macrophages were treated with vehicle, LPS (1ug/ml), Aza (50nM), TBSA (750nM), or with combined treatment for 30 min and 24 hours for Western and qRT-PCR analyses. Results: We observed that all mice treated with LPS and LPS+Aza died within 24 hrs. The mice treated with LPS+TBSA exhibited 20% survival rate whereas the LPS+Aza+TBSA- treated group displayed 80% survival rate. Our results revealed that LPS significantly increases the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as iNOS, IL-6 and TNF-α in macrophages. However, the increased mRNA expression was significantly reduced after treatment with Aza+TBSA (Fig. A) . We also found that Aza+TBSA suppressed the LPS-induced P38-MAPK signaling pathway (Fig. B) . Conclusion: We report for the first time that Aza+TBSA together reverses the outcome of ALI induced by endotoxemia.
WHO report shows that women outlive men worldwide
Authors: Jacqui Thornton
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Women outlive men everywhere in the world, and the gap in life expectancy would be even wider if women in low income countries had better access to healthcare, a new global report shows.

The World Health Organization’s World Health Statistics Overview 20191—broken down by sex for the first time—shows that when facing the same disease, men seek healthcare less than women.

Men are much more likely to die from preventable and treatable non-communicable diseases, such as ischaemic heart disease and lung cancer, and road traffic accidents.

When women can access healthcare, maternal deaths decrease, lengthening their life expectancy. But when they can’t, in low income countries, the life expectancy gap narrows.

Breast cancer, maternal conditions, cervical cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease are the causes of death that most reduce female rather than male life expectancy.

Richard Cibulskis, the report’s main author, …
Annals Graphic Medicine - Dr. Mom: Mischief Levels
Authors: Grace E. Farris
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

Web Exclusives2 April 2019Annals Graphic Medicine - Dr. Mom: Mischief LevelsFREEGrace E. Farris, MDGrace E. Farris, MDMount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York (G.E.F.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/G18-0044 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Download figure Download PowerPoint Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York (G.E.F.)Disclosures: The author has disclosed no conflicts of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=G18-0042.Author/Illustrator Information: Grace E. Farris, MD, is an assistant professor of medicine at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and chief of hospital medicine at Mount Sinai West hospital in New York, New York. You can view her work at her Web site: www.farrisgrace.com.About Dr. Mom: In Dr. Mom, physician and cartoonist Grace Farris examines work–life balance while mothering and doctoring. Dr. Mom appears monthly in Annals Graphic Medicine at Annals.org. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 2 April 2019Volume 170, Issue 7Page: W86-W87KeywordsConflicts of interestDisclosureHospital medicineHospitalists ePublished: 2 April 2019 Issue Published: 2 April 2019 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2019 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
NICE guidance overlooks serious risks of mesh surgery
Authors: Harriet Pike
Journal: BMJ (2019)

New national guidance on urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse in women neglects the serious risks associated with the use of mesh in surgery, MPs and campaigners have warned.

The final recommendations of the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, published this week,1 acknowledge that use of mesh surgery to treat these conditions is subject to a period of “high vigilance restriction.” However, the All Party Parliamentary Group on Surgical Mesh Implants said in a press statement that the guidelines “disregard mesh-injured women’s experiences by stating that there is no long-term evidence of adverse effects.”

The guidelines also seem to contradict NICE advice issued at the end of 2017 that mesh for vaginal prolapse should be restricted to research because of safety concerns.23 No such statement appears in the latest guidance.

Owen Smith …
Early Intervention for Diabetes in Medical and Surgical Inpatients Decreases Hyperglycemia and Hospital-Acquired Infections: A Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Mervyn Kyi, Peter G. Colman, Paul R. Wraight, Jane Reid, Alexandra Gorelik, Anna Galligan, Shanal Kumar, Lois M. Rowan, Katie A. Marley, Alison J. Nankervis, David M. Russell, Spiros Fourlanos
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

OBJECTIVE To investigate if early electronic identification and bedside management of inpatients with diabetes improves glycemic control in noncritical care. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We investigated a proactive or early intervention model of care (whereby an inpatient diabetes team electronically identified individuals with diabetes and aimed to provide bedside management within 24 h of admission) compared with usual care (a referral-based consultation service). We conducted a cluster randomized trial on eight wards, consisting of a 10-week baseline period (all clusters received usual care) followed by a 12-week active period (clusters randomized to early intervention or usual care). Outcomes were adverse glycemic days (AGDs) (patient-days with glucose &amp;lt;4 or &amp;gt;15 mmol/L [&amp;lt;72 or &amp;gt;270 mg/dL]) and adverse patient outcomes. RESULTS We included 1,002 consecutive adult inpatients with diabetes or new hyperglycemia. More patients received specialist diabetes management (92% vs. 15%, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and new insulin treatment (57% vs. 34%, P = 0.001) with early intervention. At the cluster level, incidence of AGDs decreased by 24% from 243 to 186 per 1,000 patient-days in the intervention arm (P &amp;lt; 0.001), with no change in the control arm. At the individual level, adjusted number of AGDs per person decreased from a mean 1.4 (SD 1.6) to 1.0 (0.9) days (−28% change [95% CI −45 to −11], P = 0.001) in the intervention arm but did not change in the control arm (1.8 [2.0] to 1.5 [1.8], −9% change [−25 to 6], P = 0.23). Early intervention reduced overt hyperglycemia (55% decrease in patient-days with mean glucose &amp;gt;15 mmol/L, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and hospital-acquired infections (odds ratio 0.20 [95% CI 0.07–0.58], P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Early identification and management of inpatients with diabetes decreased hyperglycemia and hospital-acquired infections.
Depressed gastric-type adenoma in nonatrophic gastric mucosa without Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Keiichiro Nishihara, Yasuhiro Oono, Takeshi Kuwata, Hiroaki Ikematsu, Tomonori Yano
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Gastric adenoma is a benign epithelial tumor and is frequently observed as an elevated rather than a depressed lesion and in Helicobacter pylori-infected mucosa [1]. We describe a rare case of depressed gastric-type adenoma in nonatrophic gastric mucosa without H. pylori infection.
Diagnostic challenge of intrathoracic tissue misplacements: a thymic choristoma in a fetal lung
Authors: Gianluca Lopez, Roberto Croci, Tommaso Rizzuti, Stefano Ferrero, Nicola Fusco
Journal: Thorax (2019)

Choristomas (Gr. chōristos, ‘separated’) are well-delimited formations consisting of histologically normal tissue located in an abnormal anatomical site.1 Their aetiology is related to failures in the normal course of embryonic development of the neural tube. While choristomas are frequently encountered in some parts of the body (eg, thyroid gland, pelvis), an intrapulmonary localisation is rarer. In particular, the presence of thymic tissue in the lung has never been documented in the English literature. Here, we illustrate a choristoma composed of mature thymic tissue in the lung of a fetus who died after 16 weeks of gestation.

A 21-year-old, gravida 1, para 0 woman experienced a spontaneous abortion at 16 weeks of gestation. Autoptic examination of …
Abstract 14480: Healthcare System Characteristics and Their Relationship With Patient-Reported Outcomes in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease of 14 Countries
Authors: Liesbet Van Bulck, Eva Goossens, Koen Luyckx, Silke Apers, Adrienne H Kovacs, Corina Thomet, Werner Budts, Junko Enomoto, Maayke A Sluman, Jamie L Jackson, Paul Khairy, Stephen C Cook, Shanthi Chidambarathanu, Luis Alday, Katrine Eriksen, Mikael Dellborg, Malin Berghammer, Bengt Johansson, Andrew S Mackie, Samuel Menahem, Maryanne Caruana, Gruschen Veldtman, Alexandra Soufi, Susan M Fernades, Kamila White, Edward Callus, Shelby Kutty, Philip Moons
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Due to increasing healthcare expenditures, it is critical to appraise the value of characteristics of the healthcare system, such as workforce and infrastructure. Although sufficient ...
Therapeutic Systems and Technologies: State-of-the-Art Applications, Opportunities, and Challenges
Authors: Mohamed Almekkawy, Vesna Zderic, Jie Chen, Michael D. Ellis, Dieter Haemmerich, David R. Holmes, Cristian A. Linte, Dorin Panescu, John Pearce, Punit Prakash
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2019)

In this review, we present current state-of-the-art developments and challenges in the areas of thermal therapy, ultrasound tomography, image-guided therapies, ocular drug delivery, and robotic devices in neurorehabilitation. Additionally, intellectual property and regulatory aspects pertaining to therapeutic systems and technologies are addressed.
Estimation of Study Time Reduction Using Surrogate End Points Rather Than Overall Survival in Oncology Clinical Trials
Authors: Emerson Y. Chen, Sunil K. Joshi, Audrey Tran, Vinay Prasad
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2019)

Surrogate end points in oncology trade the advantage of reducing the time needed to conduct clinical trials for the disadvantage of greater uncertainty regarding the treatment effect on patient-centered end points, such as overall survival (OS) and quality of life.To quantify the amount of time saved through the acceptance of surrogate end points, including response rate (RR) and progression-free survival (PFS).This retrospective study of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oncology approvals and their drug registration trials based on actual publication analyzed the original and updated clinical trials data that led to FDA-approved drug indications in oncology from 2006 to 2017 by using existing publications, conference abstracts, and package inserts from the FDA. Data related to cancer type, line of therapy (first-line, second-line, and third- or later-line treatment of advanced or metastatic disease), FDA approval type, end point basis for approval (RR, PFS, or OS/quality of life), sample size, accrual rate, and drug RR were extracted by March 23, 2018. All data were analyzed by July 13, 2018.The main outcome was the study duration needed to complete the primary end point analysis used for each drug indication approval. This was estimated from reported enrollment dates, analysis cutoff dates, time to response, median duration of response, median PFS, and median OS.In total, 188 distinct indications among 107 cancer drugs were identified. The RR was more often used for FDA approval in subsequent lines of therapy (17 of 71 drug indications [24%] in first-line therapy vs 34 of 77 drug indications [44%] in second-line therapy vs 19 of 24 drug indications [79%] in third- or later-line therapy, P < .001). Study duration for PFS (median, 31 [range, 10-104] months) was similar to that for OS (median, 33 [range, 12-117] months; P = .31), whereas study duration for RR (median, 25 [range, 11-54] months) was shorter than that for OS (P = .001). In multivariate analysis, compared with using OS, use of PFS as the end point was associated with study durations that were shorter by a mean of 11 months (95% CI, 5-17 months), and the use of RR as the end point was associated with study durations that were shorter by a mean of 19 months (95% CI, 13-25 months).From the findings of this study, an estimated 11 months appeared to be needed (ie, approximately 12% longer in the drug development cycle) to assess the OS benefit of a cancer drug. This study's findings suggest that this must be weighed against the downside of increased uncertainty of clinical benefit arising from using surrogate end points.
Aortic-vertebral interaction in ankylosing spondylitis: syndesmophyte development at the juxta-aortic vertebral rim
Authors: Sovira Tan, Abhijit Dasgupta, John A Flynn, Michael M Ward
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

The aorta inhibits paravertebral ossification in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. We investigated if syndesmophytes in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) occurred less often at the vertebral rim near the aorta.