tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tumor Microenvironment Targeting Nano–Bio Emulsion for Synergistic Combinational X‐Ray PDT with Oncolytic Bacteria Therapy
Authors: Wooram Park, Soojeong Cho, Dongkyu Kang, Jun‐Hyeok Han, Jung‐Hoon Park, Byeongdu Lee, Joonseok Lee, Dong‐Hyun Kim
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Various cancer therapies have been developed, but tumor recurrence with incomplete tumor killing and remaining tumor cells/tissues is frequent in monotherapies. Herein, a nano-bio therapeutic emulsion formulated with multifunctional nanoscintillators and anaerobic Clostridium novyi-NT spores for synergistic image-guided combinational cancer therapy is reported. MRI visible nanoscintillators (NSs) are synthesized with a NaGdF4 :Tb,Ce@NaGdF4 core/shell structure for an image-guided X-ray photodynamic therapy (PDT) of the normoxic peripheral tumor. An anaerobic oncolytic bacterium (C. novyi-NT) therapy is combined to treat the hypoxic central tumor tissues. Photosensitizer-coated NSs (PS-NSs) and C. novyi-NT spores are emulsified with clinically available ethiodized oil (Lipiodol) to be the nano-bio therapeutic emulsion and injected into the tumor with computed tomography image guidance. The distribution of nano-bio therapeutic emulsion, including PS-NSs and anaerobic C. novyi-NT spores in the tumor site, is confirmed by both X-ray and T1 -weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Following the image-guided X-ray PDT and anaerobic C. novyi- NT combination treatment, apoptotic cell death in cancer tissues, including both peripheral and central tumor regions, is significantly higher than in the control groups. This combination therapy approach using a nano-bio therapeutic emulsion is expected to overcome the limitations of conventional cancer therapy, resulting in increased cancer-therapeutic efficacy.
Assessment of Sensitivity and Specificity of Patient-Collected Lower Nasal Specimens for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Testing
Authors: Jonathan Altamirano, Prasanthi Govindarajan, Andra L. Blomkalns, Lauren E. Kushner, Bryan Andrew Stevens, Benjamin A. Pinsky, Yvonne Maldonado
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

This prognostic study compares the diagnostic equivalence of patient-collected lower nasal specimens with that of health care worker–collected oropharyngeal specimens for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing.
HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS/ACC/AHA Worldwide Practice Update for Telehealth and Arrhythmia Monitoring During and After a Pandemic
Authors: Niraj Varma, Nassir F. Marrouche, Luis Aguinaga, Christine M. Albert, Elena Arbelo, Jong-Il Choi, Mina K. Chung, Giulio Conte, Lilas Dagher, Laurence M. Epstein, Hamid Ghanbari, Janet K. Han, Hein Heidbuchel, He Huang, Dhanunjaya R. Lakkireddy, Tachapong Ngarmukos, Andrea M. Russo, Eduardo B. Saad, Luis C. Saenz Morales, Kristin E. Sandau, Arun Raghav M. Sridhar, Eric C. Stecker, Paul D. Varosy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
AB0551 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND MALNUTRITION IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS
Authors: D. Benfaremo, L. Manfredi, I. Paterno, C. Dichiara, A. M. Risa, G. Silvi, A. Gabrielli
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: Previous studies reported a high prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Cognitive impairment was estimated to involve 60% to 80% of SSC patients and to be correlated with older age, disease severity, diffuse cutaneous subset and poor quality of life. Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the association between cognitive impairment, nutritional status and the quality of life of SSc patients. Methods: Sixty-eight consecutive SSc patients followed at our Institution were evaluated for cognitive impairment using the validated Italian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Scores &lt;26 were considered abnormal. We also assessed other domains and quality of life measures such as UCLA SCTC GIT 2.0 for gastrointestinal involvement, BDI-II and PHQ-9 for anxiety and depression, EAT-10 for dysphagia symptoms, SHAQ and SF-36 for function and quality of life (QoL). The risk and the presence of overt malnutrition were assessed using the MUST questionnaire and the GLIM criteria, respectively. Clinical and demographic parameters such as age, sex, BMI, disease subset, organ involvement, autoantibody profile and modified Rodnan Skin Score were also recorded for each patient. Data were analysed by Student t-test or chi-square test and regression analyses were used to assess the association between variables. Results: A total of 68 SSc patients [47 (69.1%) limited SSc (lSSc) and 21 (30.9%) with diffuse SSc (dSSc), 59 female; mean age 60.2 (±13.4) years; mean disease duration 9 (±8.2) years; mean mRSS 8.1 (±7.6)] were included in the study. Cognitive impairment was identified in 30 (44.1%) SSc patients; the mean MoCA score was 24.7 (±4.3). According to GLIM criteria, 16 (23.5%) patients were malnourished. Compared to patients with a MoCA≥26, patients with cognitive impairment were older (p&lt;0.001), had more comorbidities (p&lt;0.0001) and a worse QoL as assessed by the physical and general health domains of the Sf-36 (p&lt;0.05). Malnourished patients were significantly more dysphagic (p&lt;0.01) and had a worse HAQ (p&lt;0.01) compared to well-fed patients. On regression analyses, cognitive impairment was related to increasing age (OR 1.08, 95%CI 1.03 to 1.14, p=0.001), but not to malnutrition, disease subset or symptoms. Malnutrition was associated with dysphagia (OR 1.10, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.20, p=0.01) and HAQ score (OR 2.69, 95%CI 1.24 to 5.82, p=0.01), but was not predicted by cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Cognitive dysfunction is frequently observed in SSc patients and mostly associated with increasing age and number of comorbidities. Malnutrition and cognitive impairment are both associated to QoL but seem to be unrelated. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
AB0833 COMORBIDITY IN PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS WITH AND WITHOUT ENTHESITIS
Authors: D. Somov, M. Muradiants, K. Kotkovskaia, A. Kotlyarova, M. Mariia, A. Pogarskaya, N. Shostak, A. Muradyants, A. Klimenko, N. Babadaeva
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease associated with psoriasis and high levels of comorbidity. There is no data on comorbidity in PsA with and without enthesitis. Objectives: Evaluation of the frequency and the structure of comorbidity in PsA patients with and without enthesitis. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 239 case histories of PsA patients observed at the Moscow City Rheumatology Center was performed. There were 68 (28.5%) PsA patients with enthesitis and 171 (71.5%) patients without enthesitis. The study included 132 female and 107 male patients, mean age was 52.0 ± 14.8 years. 217 patients (90.8%) had psoriasis. The average psoriasis duration was 19 ± 14.3 years. The diagnosis of PsA was established based on CASPAR criteria (2006). Results: Comorbid diseases were observed in 141 (59%) patients with PsA. Moreover, in the group of PsA patients with enthesitis, comorbidity was noted much more often compared to the group without enthesitis (70.6% and 54.4%, respectively, p = 0.01). The most common comorbid diseases were: arterial hypertension (25%), gastropathy (16.2%), osteoporosis (13.2%), osteoarthritis (11.8%), diabetes mellitus (11.8%), hyperuricemia (10, 3%), obesity (8.8%). A distinctive feature of PsA patients with enthesitis was a more frequent detection of osteoporosis (13.2% and 5.8%, respectively, p = 0.01), which may be due to concomitant osteitis. Conclusion: High rates of comorbidity were found in PsA patients with enthesitis (70,6%). The most prevalent comorbid diseases were arterial hypertension (25%), gastropathy (16.2%) and osteoporosis (13.2%). Patients with PsA with enthesitis were significantly more likely to have osteoporosis compared with patients without enthesitis, which is important to consider when managing patients. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Detect Cardiovascular Effects of Cancer Therapy
Authors: Iwan Harries, Kate Liang, Matthew Williams, Bostjan Berlot, Giovanni Biglino, Patrizio Lancellotti, Juan Carlos Plana, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2020)

This paper aims to empower and inform cardio-oncologists by providing a practical guide to the clinical application of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in the rapidly evolving field of cardio-oncology. Specifically, we describe how CMR can be used to assess the cardiovascular effects of cancer therapy. The CMR literature, relevant societal guidelines, indication-specific imaging protocols, and methods to overcome some of the challenges encountered in performing and accessing CMR are reviewed.
Incremental Value of Global Longitudinal Strain for Predicting Survival in Patients With Advanced AL Amyloidosis
Authors: Katherine Lee Chuy, Esther Drill, Ji Can Yang, Heather Landau, Hani Hassoun, Omar Nahhas, Carol L. Chen, Anthony F. Yu, Richard M. Steingart, Jennifer E. Liu
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2020)

Advanced light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is associated with poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of <25%. Prognostication is based on the revised Mayo (rMayo) staging according to serum cardiac biomarkers. This study sought to determine whether global longitudinal strain (GLS) can provide incremental prognostic value in patients with advanced disease. Baseline (pre-treatment) clinical, 2-dimensional echocardiogram with GLS and laboratory data were collected prospectively in 94 patients with newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis with rMayo stage III or IV disease. Overall survival (OS) was defined as time from baseline echocardiography to death. Of 94 patients, 60% (n = 56) had rMayo stage III and 40% (n = 38) had stage IV disease. Ninety of the 94 patients underwent plasma cell-directed therapy. The median left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 60%, and the median GLS was 13.2%. Of 94 patients, 64 died during follow-up. The median OS was 11.2 months, with an estimated 5-year OS of 21%. In univariable analysis, brain natriuretic peptides, GLS, LVEF, E/e′ ratio, and rMayo stage were significantly associated with OS. In Cox regression, GLS provided incremental value over brain natriuretic peptide, troponin, and LVEF for predicting OS. Patients with GLS < –14.2% had a corresponding median OS and 5-year OS rate of 33.2 months and 39%, respectively, versus 7.7 months and 6% for those with GLS ≥ –14.2%. This difference was maintained despite further stratification by rMayo stage. Baseline GLS is an independent predictor of OS beyond the circulating biomarkers and can identify groups with different survival outcomes beyond the Mayo Staging.
Cancer prevention with aspirin in hereditary colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome), 10-year follow-up and registry-based 20-year data in the CAPP2 study: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: John Burn, Harsh Sheth, Faye Elliott, Lynn Reed, Finlay Macrae, Jukka-Pekka Mecklin, Gabriela Möslein, Fiona E McRonald, Lucio Bertario, D Gareth Evans, Anne-Marie Gerdes, Judy W C Ho, Annika Lindblom, Patrick J Morrison, Jem Rashbass, Raj Ramesar, Toni Seppälä, Huw J W Thomas, Kirsi Pylvänäinen, Gillian M Borthwick, John C Mathers, D Timothy Bishop, Alex Boussioutas, Carole Brewer, Jackie Cook, Diana Eccles, Anthony Ellis, Shirley V Hodgson, Jan Lubinski, Eamonn R Maher, Mary EM Porteous, Julian Sampson, Rodney J Scott, Lucy Side
Journal: The Lancet (2020)

Lynch syndrome is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer and with a broader spectrum of cancers, especially endometrial cancer. In 2011, our group reported long-term cancer outcomes (mean follow-up 55·7 months [SD 31·4]) for participants with Lynch syndrome enrolled into a randomised trial of daily aspirin versus placebo. This report completes the planned 10-year follow-up to allow a longer-term assessment of the effect of taking regular aspirin in this high-risk population.
Aqueous olanexidine versus aqueous povidone-iodine for surgical skin antisepsis on the incidence of surgical site infections after clean-contaminated surgery: a multicentre, prospective, blinded-endpoint, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hideaki Obara, Masashi Takeuchi, Hirofumi Kawakubo, Masahiro Shinoda, Koji Okabayashi, Koki Hayashi, Yasuhito Sekimoto, Yusuke Maeda, Takayuki Kondo, Yasunori Sato, Yuko Kitagawa
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2020)
Characteristics of Liver Function in Patients With SARS-CoV-2 and Chronic HBV Coinfection
Authors: Xiaojing Zou, Minghao Fang, Shusheng Li, Liang Wu, Bing Gao, Hong Gao, Xiao Ran, Yi Bian, Renjie Li, None ShanshanYu, Jianmin Ling, Donghui Li, Deying Tian, Jiao Huang
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)
A minimal common outcome measure set for COVID-19 clinical research
Authors: John C Marshall, Srinivas Murthy, Janet Diaz, N K Adhikari, Derek C Angus, Yaseen M Arabi, Kenneth Baillie, Michael Bauer, Scott Berry, Bronagh Blackwood, Marc Bonten, Fernando Bozza, Frank Brunkhorst, Allen Cheng, Mike Clarke, Vu Quoc Dat, Menno de Jong, Justin Denholm, Lennie Derde, Jake Dunning, Xiaobin Feng, Tom Fletcher, Nadine Foster, Rob Fowler, Nina Gobat, Charles Gomersall, Anthony Gordon, Thomas Glueck, Michael Harhay, Carol Hodgson, Peter Horby, YaeJean Kim, Richard Kojan, Bharath Kumar, John Laffey, Denis Malvey, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Colin McArthur, Danny McAuley, Stephen McBride, Shay McGuinness, Laura Merson, Susan Morpeth, Dale Needham, Mihai Netea, Myoung-Don Oh, Sabai Phyu, Simone Piva, Ruijin Qiu, Halima Salisu-Kabara, Lei Shi, Naoki Shimizu, Jorge Sinclair, Steven Tong, Alexis Turgeon, Tim Uyeki, Frank van de Veerdonk, Steve Webb, Paula Williamson, Timo Wolf, Junhua Zhang
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2020)
抗生素、耐药性和临床转归 制定指导方针需要个体水平的数据资料
Authors: MarkWoodhead, DouglasFleming, RichardWise, 赖凌云, 林善锬
Journal: BMJ (2005)

人类健康正由于普通病原菌对抗生素产生耐药性而受到威胁，这一现象已经引起了全世界的关注。世界卫生组织由此发布了一项旨在控制抗生素耐药的全球策略，英国也提出了一项针对抗生素耐药问题的策略和行动计划。所有行动的基本原则就是，正确理解抗生素处方和耐药性之间的关系。这一点在抗生素处方最多的社区医疗机构尤为重要。
Primer design for quantitative real-time PCR for the emerging Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Dandan Li, Jiawei Zhang, Jinming Li
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

In December 2019, a new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak occurred in Wuhan, China.Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is the seventh coronavirus known to infect humans, is highly contagious and has rapidly expanded worldwide since its discovery.Quantitative nucleic acid testing has become the gold standard for diagnosis and guiding clinical decisions regarding the use of antiviral therapy.However, the RT-qPCR assays targeting SARS-CoV-2 have a number of challenges, especially in terms of primer design.Primers are the pivotal components of a RT-qPCR assay.Once virus mutation and recombination occur, it is difficult to effectively diagnose viral infection by existing RT-qPCR primers.Some primers and probes have also been made available on the WHO website for reference.However, no previous review has systematically compared the previously reported primers and probes and described how to design new primers in the event of a new coronavirus infection.This review focuses on how primers and probes can be designed methodically and rationally, and how the sensitivity and specificity of the detection process can be improved.This brief review will be useful for the accurate diagnosis and timely treatment of the new coronavirus pneumonia.
SAT0460 INGESTION OF LEMON JUICE MAY MODULATE BONE METABOLISM.
Authors: F. Bellone, N. Morabito, G. Pirisi, S. Loddo, R. Corsaro, F. Corica, A. Catalano
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: An association between bone health and consumption of citrus fruits have been previously reported; however, the effect of lemon juice on bone metabolism have not been explored yet. Objectives: To investigate bone metabolic changes in postmenopausal women assuming lemon juice. Methods: Participants were postmenopausal osteoporotic women without history of clinical fractures who agreed to enrich their diet with lemon juice (Acti Lemon, Polenghi) over a 2-month period. The daily juice dose of 30 ml we suggested was equivalent to one Sicilian organic lemon. Surrogate markers of bone formation as procollagen type 1 N-propeptide (P1NP) and of bone resorption as C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), but also some regulators of bone metabolism as RANK-L, OPG, RANK-L/OPG ratio and sclerostin were assessed at baseline and then at 1 and 2 months after lemon juice administration. Controls were represented by a placebo group of age-matched osteoporotic postmenopausal women. Results: 47 participants [mean age 60.2 ± 4.1 yr.] completed the study, without reporting any adverse events. Lemon juice was well tolerated. Over the observation period modifications of bone metabolism occurred: we detected a decreased RANK-L/OPG ratio and increased CTX levels at all time points vs. baseline. Particularly, change at month-1 of sclerostin (versus baseline) has been positively associated with change at month-1 and month-2 of CTX (r=0.46, p=0.01 and r=0.43, p=0.01, respectively). Change at month-1 of OPG was positively associated with change at month-1 of P1NP (r=0.49, p=0.006). Change at month-1 of RANKL/OPG has been related with variation at day 30 of P1NP (r=-0.44, p=0.013). Variation of P1NP at month-1 was related with sclerostin variation at day 30 (r=-0.56, p=0.02) and month-2 vs. baseline value (r=0.44, p=0.017) and with sclerostin variation between month-1 and month-2 (r=0.69, p&lt;0.001). Variation of P1NP between month-1 and month-2 was associated with RANKL change at month-1 (r=-0.35, p=0.05), with sclerostin change at month-1 (r=-0.49, p=0.008) and with sclerostin change between month-1 and month-2 (r=0.41, p=0.028). At a multiple regression analysis the change of P1NP between month-1 and month-2 was independently predicted by the change of sclerostin at month-1 (ß=-1.5, SE 0.5, p=0.006), after correcting for age, BMI and change of RANKL and CTX levels at month-1. No significant modifications raised from controls. Conclusion: Drinking lemon juice may boost bone metabolic changes involving both bone resorption and bone formation. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Converging pandemics: implications of COVID-19 for the viral hepatitis response in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Neil Gupta, Hailemichael Desalegn, Ponsiano Ocama, Karine Lacombe, Richard Njouom, Mary Afihene, Lina Cunha, C Wendy Spearman, Mark W Sonderup, Fredrick Kateera
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2020)
Blood Glucose Control During Lockdown for COVID-19: CGM Metrics in Italian Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Brunella Capaldo, Giovanni Annuzzi, Annalisa Creanza, Clemente Giglio, Raffaele De Angelis, Roberta Lupoli, Maria Masulli, Gabriele Riccardi, Angela Albarosa Rivellese, Lutgarda Bozzetto
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

To prevent the spread of COVID-19, lockdown was imposed in many countries with rigid restrictions on all outdoor activities, also limiting attendance at diabetes clinics. In patients with diabetes, lockdown implies lifestyle changes related to physical activity, stress, and nutrition that are likely to adversely affect glycemic control (1). Conversely, during lockdown, individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are to be expected to have a more regular lifestyle, more closely respecting time schedules and insulin administration timing.

We evaluated the impact of lockdown on glucose control in 207 Italian adults with T1D attending the Diabetes Outpatient Clinic of the Federico II University Hospital, Naples: 96 females/111 males, mean ± SD age 38.4 ± 12.7 years, 104 on multiple daily insulin injections (MDI), and 103 on insulin pump (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion [CSII]). Inclusion criteria were continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for at least 6 months, including a 2-week period with CGM use >70% before (January–February) and during (March–April 2020) lockdown, while maintaining the same device: FreeStyle ( n = 130), Guardian 3 ( n = 47), Dexcom G6 ( n = 18), and Eversense ( n = 12). Each participant gave informed consent for the use of her or his data. No participant reported …
Pulmonary complications of Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Jason Weatherald, Louise Bondeelle, Marie-Camille Chaumais, Christophe Guignabert, Laurent Savale, Xavier Jaïs, Olivier Sitbon, Philippe Rousselot, Marc Humbert, Anne Bergeron, David Montani
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting the Bcr-Abl oncoprotein revolutionised the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Following the success of imatinib, second- and third-generation molecules were developed. Different profiles of kinase inhibition and off-target effects vary between TKIs, which leads to a broad spectrum of potential toxicities. Pulmonary complications are most frequently observed with dasatinib but all other Bcr-Abl TKIs have been implicated. Pleural effusions are the most frequent pulmonary complication of TKIs, usually associated with dasatinib and bosutinib. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is an uncommon but serious complication of dasatinib, which is often reversible upon discontinuation. Bosutinib and ponatinib have also been associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension, while imatinib has not. Rarely, interstitial lung disease has been associated with TKIs, predominantly with imatinib. Mechanistically, dasatinib affects maintenance of normal pulmonary endothelial integrity by generating mitochondrial oxidative stress, inducing endothelial apoptosis and impairing vascular permeability in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanisms underlying other TKI-related complications are largely unknown. Awareness and early diagnosis of the pulmonary complications of Bcr-Abl TKIs is essential given their seriousness, potential reversibility, and impact on future treatment options for the underlying chronic myelogenous leukaemia.
Men with Sickle Cell Disease Show Significant Concerns over Safety While Being Treated for Vaso-Occlusive Crises: Preliminary Observations from the Escaped Trial
Authors: Sophie Lanzkron, Rebecca Seufert, Jane A. Little, Joshua J. Field, Joseph Ryan Shows, Carlton Haywood, Mustapha Saheed, Ravi Varadhan, Jodi Segal, Hang Wang, Jasmine Brooks, Steven Frymark, Brandi Griffin, Adrienne Kincaid, Lorri Burgess, Derek Robertson, Marc Proudford, Charles Green, Allie Piehet, Shao-Hsuan Wang, Chiung-Yu Huang
Journal: Blood (2017)
<i>Notes from the Field:</i> High Prevalence of Fentanyl Detected by the Maryland Emergency Department Drug Surveillance System — Baltimore, Maryland, 2019
Authors: Zachary Dezman, Bradford Schwartz, Amy Billing, Ebonie Massey, E. Erin Artigiani, Julie Factor, Eric D. Wish
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

This report describes a new University of Maryland study that found that after implementing enhanced testing methods, fentanyl topped the list of drugs detected in overdose patients at two Baltimore hospital emergency departments.
Nivolumab in Patients with Advanced Platinum-resistant Urothelial Carcinoma: Efficacy, Safety, and Biomarker Analyses with Extended Follow-up from CheckMate 275
Authors: Matthew D. Galsky, Abdel Saci, Peter M. Szabo, G. Celine Han, Gary Grossfeld, Sandra Collette, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Andrea Necchi, Padmanee Sharma
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

We report efficacy and safety with extended follow-up, and exploratory biomarker analyses from the phase II CheckMate 275 trial to identify biomarkers of response to nivolumab in platinum-resistant metastatic or unresectable urothelial carcinoma (mUC).