tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quality of life in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers (B1/2) following risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO).
Authors: Susan M. Domchek, Jiaqi Li, Laura Digiovanni, Chan Voong, Rebecca Mueller, Lauren Johnson, C. Neill Epperson, Sue Friedman, Clarisa Gracia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

1508 Background: RRSO is associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer, ovarian cancer and improved survival in B1/2. Timing of RRSO must balance the known benefits against the impact of early menopause. A better understanding of the long term impact of RRSO is required to aid decision making. Methods: B1/2 were ascertained from FORCE, a national advocacy group for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Demographics and medical history were obtained by online questionnaires. QOL measures evaluated executive cognition function (BADDS), menopausal symptoms (Greene), sexual function (FSFI), sleep (PSQI), stress (PSS), anxiety (HADS-A), and depression (HADS-D). Results: 637 B1/2 with RRSO were enrolled. Median age was 47. Median age of RRSO was 45. 43% had prior cancer history (of whom 87% had breast cancer and of these 60% chemotherapy). 27% were currently using HRT. Self reported HTN was present in 14%, osteopenia/osteoporosis in 32%, and depression in 36%. Suboptimal scores were present in the majority of patients for the majority of measures: specifically 60% of BADDS, 57% of Greene vasomotor, 73% of FSFI, 61% of PSQI, 56% of PSS, 16% of HADS-A, and 15% of HADS-D scores fell in the abnormal range. Earlier age of oophorectomy predicted suboptimal scores in sleep, stress, menopausal symptoms, anxiety and depression scales (p<0.04 for each). High school education or less (compared to some college or more) predicted poorer results in stress, anxiety, sexual functioning and menopausal symptoms (p<0.02 for each). Single status (as opposed to married or living as married) was associated with poorer scores on stress and sleep scales (p<0.01). In the subgroup of B1/2 with no cancer history and RRSO <50 years-old, current HRT use was associated with improved sleep (p=0.02) and vasomotor symptoms (p<0.0001). Conclusions: In this large series of B1/2 ascertained through FORCE, the majority of women reported sexual dysfunction, menopausal symptoms, cognitive issues, and poor sleep. Interventions are needed to mitigate the negative impact of RRSO.
Medicaid Expansion Offers Hope for Improved Postinjury Rehabilitation Among the Underserved
Authors: Dennis Y. Kim, Christian de Virgilio
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Pomalidomide Based Regimens for Treatment of Relapsed Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials
Authors: Adeela Mushtaq, Ahmad Iftikhar, Midhat Lakhani, Fnu Sagar, Ahmad Kamal, Umar Zahid, Hamza Hassan, Zeeshan Ali, Faryal Razzaq, Saad Ullah Malik, Syeda Fatima Hassan, Muhammad Abu Zar, Mohammad Bilal Chaudhary, Ahmad Safdar, Mohamed Mokhtar Bakr, Faiz Anwer
Journal: Blood (2018)
Prostate cancer incidence in hypogonadal men on long-term treatment with testosterone undecanoate injections.
Authors: Ahmad Haider, Michael Zitzmann, Aksam Yassin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e16041 Background: Concerns regarding the safety of testosterone treatment, particularly regarding prostate cancer in elderly men, still hamper the use of testosterone in hypogonadal men. Methods: Registry studies of 942 men with testosterone levels ≤12.1 nmol/L from three German centers. Patients received testosterone undecanoate for up to 16 years. Results: In cohort A (mean age: 57.70 ± 6.76 years; Haider), PSA increased from 1.77±0.97 to 2.0±1.01 ng/ml (p=0.0021). Prostate volume increased from 28.34±10.79 to 30.72±14.28 ml (p<0.0001). 5/300 patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer. The proportion was 1.7% with an incidence of 39.4 per 10,000 patient-years. In cohort B (mean age: 59.53 ± 8.35 years; Yassin), PSA increased from 0.86±0.57 to 1.38±0.49 ng/ml (p<0.0001). Prostate volume increased from 27.9±8.15 to 36.98±7.22 ml (p<0.0001). 6/261 patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer. The proportion was 2.3% with an incidence of 54.5 per 10,000 patient-years. One patient in cohort B was treated with external beam radiation, all other patients underwent radical prostatectomy. In cohort C (mean age: 42.6 ± 13.4 years; Zitzmann), PSA increased from 1.6±0.4 to 1.9±0.4 (p<0.001). Prostate volume increased from 16.9±5.1 to 19.9±5.3 ml (p<0.001). No patient was diagnosed with prostate cancer. Conclusions: The PLCO trial reported an incidence of 116 per 10,000 patient-years (Andriole, NEJM 360(13):1310-9), the ERSPC trial 96.6 (Schröder, NEJM 366(11):981-90). In our registry studies, the incidence of prostate cancer does not suggest an increased risk in hypogonadal men on long-term testosterone treatment.
Paola Domizio: gifted pathology teacher and science communicator
Authors: Chris Mahony
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Paola Domizio, the pathologist and professor who has died from breast cancer, may be the only person to have incorporated card tricks into her inaugural professorial lecture.

It was typical of the flair she brought to her teaching role at Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry at Queen Mary University of London and to her ambassadorial and leadership positions with the Royal College of Pathologists. Having served as assistant registrar and then registrar for a total of nine years from 2001, Domizio deployed her communication skills and zest for the specialty as director of public engagement at the college from 2011.

Concerned that the public’s view of pathology was shaped by TV crime solving sleuths in pristine white coats, running between antiseptic laboratory and faintly exotic murder scenes, she wrote articles and took to television and radio herself to redress the balance. It was during this period that the college adopted the strapline “Pathology: the science behind the cure.” This was in the 1990s, and Domizio was among those to take on the discredited former doctor and antivaccine activist Andrew Wakefield, writing two articles challenging his research methods and conclusions around links between the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine and autism.

Domizio may also have been the first clinician to offer children who had undergone colectomies for bowel disease the opportunity to view and learn about the bowel resection tissue that had caused their distressing symptoms. She …
What causes pneumonia in children who have had their jabs?
Authors: Gemma L Saint, Dan B Hawcutt, Paul S McNamara
Journal: Thorax (2019)

Emergency department physicians and paediatricians frequently have to decide how best to manage community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). For a febrile child who has increased respiratory effort, oxygen requirement and a chest X-ray (CXR) consistent with lobar pneumonia, the decision to commence antibiotic therapy is straightforward. However, other patients may present more of a dilemma. What about children with respiratory symptoms but only a low-grade (<38°C) fever? Or children whose respiratory symptoms are sufficient to require admission, but whose CXR is equivocal? Current British Thoracic Society (BTS) guidelines state all children with a clinical diagnosis of CAP should be given antibiotics.1 However, with increasing concern about antimicrobial resistance, consideration needs to be given to the likelihood of a bacterial cause.

The BTS guidelines also suggest that microbiological diagnosis, which could separate out viral and bacterial causes, should only be attempted in children with severe CAP needing paediatric intensive care, but not those with milder disease.1 However, these guidelines are 7 years old, and were based on studies that predate the inclusion of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV13, Pfizer) into many immunisation regimens. Similarly, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was not as widely or as relatively cheaply available.

In this issue of Thorax , Bhuiyan et al assess the extent to which viruses and bacteria contribute to childhood CAP in Perth, Western Australia, where pneumococcal vaccination rates are over 90% and influenza vaccine is provided for preschool children over 6 months and high-risk older children.2 3 In a case–control study, they recruited 230 children aged <18 years presenting to hospital with CAP …
Development of a Clinically Applicable Method for High-Efficiency Gene Correction of Plerixafor-Mobilized CD34+ Cells from Patients with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Naoya Uchida, Linhong Li, Juan J Haro-Mora, Selami Demirci, Tina Nassehi, Jackson Gamer, Claire Drysdale, Morgan Yapundich, Cornell Allen, Suk See De Ravin, Harry L Malech, Madhusudan Peshwa, John F. Tisdale
Journal: Blood (2018)
Abstract P250: Emergency Room Consultations and Hospitalizations Following Generic Clopidogrel Commercialization in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Jacinthe Leclerc, Claudia Blais, Louis Rochette, Denis Hamel, Line Guénette, Paul Poirier
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Clopidogrel is widely used to prevent atherothrombotic events. Federal standards regulate bioequivalence of generic and brand-name drugs through comparative bioavailability studies but does not regulate clinical equivalence nor tolerability in “real-life” settings. We evaluated the impact of the generic clopidogrel commercialization on some adverse events: emergency room consultations (ER) or hospitalizations. Methods: This is an interrupted time series analysis using the Quebec Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance System. Rates of adverse events for clopidogrel users (n=75,130) aged ≥ 66 years were calculated monthly, 12 months before and 12 months after generics commercialization. Periods before and after generics commercialization were compared by negative binomial segmented regression models for all users with a specific variable for generic and brand-name users after generics commercialization. Results: Generic clopidogrel analogs (n=6) were commercialized in 2012. There was an approximated monthly mean rate of 157 adverse events per 1000 brand-name and generic users-month. After generics commercialization, there was an immediate increase in rates of adverse events for generic vs. brand-name users (22 vs. 2%, p &lt; 0.0001, Figure 1). This was explained by increased rates of ER (+22%) and hospitalizations (+20%) the month of generic clopidogrel commercialization. Hospitalization trend up to 1 year after generics commercialization was stable for generic users but reduced for brand-name users (-0.9 vs. -2.9%, p = 0.01), while ER trends were comparable (-1.1 vs. -1.8%, p = 0.2443). Conclusion: Among generic clopidogrel users, increased rates of ER and hospitalizations were observed soon after generics commercialization. The trend of hospitalizations was also affected following generic clopidogrel commercialization. Risk and survival analysis studies controlling for potential confounding are required to better characterize generic substitution.
1% topical pimecrolimus cream for the prevention of rash associated with the use of the EGFR antagonist cetuximab.
Authors: Govardhanan Nagaiah, Brendan F. Curley, Quoc Van Truong, Farhad Khimani, Aaron Paul Provenzano, Sijin Wen, Zachary Zinn, Sobha Kurian, Miklos L Auber, Mohammed Almubarak, Manish Monga, Scot C. Remick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e17037 Background: Acneform rash is associated with cetuximab, can be treatment limiting and has been shown to correlate with tumor response. The rash is thought to have an inflammatory component therefore we are investigating pimecrolimus cream, to see if the immunomodulatory effects in pimecrolimus cream will prevent the rash. Methods: This is a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled study. Patients who are being started on cetuximab for any indication will be recruited to the study. The sample size will be twenty-four patients. Patients will be asked to apply cream to one their face; one side is placebo and the other side is 1% pimecrolimus cream. Pimecrolimus and placebo are provided in identical containers. Patients are followed for two weeks; at the end of two weeks the treatment side will be unblinded. If treatment appears to prevent the rash or rash appears to be less on the treated side, then patients may then apply 1% pimecrolimus cream to both sides of their face. Patients were then followed for two more weeks. We will also determine the effect of the rash on quality of life of patients, as determined by the Dermatology Life Quality Index. Results: We assess the efficacy based on the incidence or intensity of rash (NCI version 4 grading system). 10 patients have been accrued to this study. Three patients had rash data at baseline only, while 7 patients had rash data at both baseline and 2 (or/and 4) weeks. There is no significant difference between two sides. However, with continued accrual to 24 patients, the Bayesian predictive probability in favor of the experimental treatment will be less than 0.024. The predictive probability in favor of the experimental treatment will be less than 0.0001 assuming 14.3% response rate, while this probability will be 0.513 assuming 71.4% response rate (better than or the same as the placebo side). Conclusions: The planned interim analysis shows that pimecrolimus cream does not appear to affect acneform rash in patients being treated with cetuximab; early reporting of this study is that the study is likely to be futile, however twelve patients are needed to confirm. Clinical trial information: NCT01692626. Improved No change Worse Treated side 2 2 4 Control side 1 3 3
Patterns of Nonsocial and Social Cognitive Functioning in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Tjasa Velikonja, Anne-Kathrin Fett, Eva Velthorst
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2019)

Many studies have investigated impairments in cognitive domains in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Yet, to date, a comprehensive overview on the patterns of cognitive functioning is lacking.To provide an overview of nonsocial and social cognitive functioning in various domains in adults with ASD, allowing for comparison of the severity of deficits between different domains.A literature search performed in an academic medical setting was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and Medline databases with the combination of the following free-text and Medical Subject Headings where applicable: [cogniti* OR neurocogniti* OR neuropsycholog* OR executive function* OR IQ OR intelligence quotient OR social cognition OR emotion perception OR affect perception OR emotion recognition OR attribution OR ToM OR mentalising OR mentalizing OR prosody OR social knowledge OR mind reading OR social cue OR social judgment] AND [autis* OR ASD OR Asperger OR Asperger's OR PDD OR pervasive developmental disorder]. The search was further limited to studies published between 1980 (first inclusion of autism diagnosis in the DSM-III) and July 2018.Studies included were published as a primary peer-reviewed research article in English, included individuals with ASD 16 years or older, and assessed at least 1 domain of neurocognitive functioning or social cognition using standard measures.Of 9892 articles identified and screened, 75 met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review and meta-analysis.Hedges g effect sizes were computed, and random-effects models were used for all analyses. Moderators of between-study variability in effect sizes were assessed using meta-regressions.The systematic review and meta-analysis included 75 studies, with a combined sample of 3361 individuals with ASD (mean [SD] age, 32.0 [9.3] years; 75.9% male) and 5344 neurotypical adults (mean [SD] age, 32.3 [9.1] years; 70.1% male). Adults with ASD showed large impairments in theory of mind (g = -1.09; 95% CI, -1.25 to -0.92; number of studies = 39) and emotion perception and processing (g = -0.80; 95% CI, -1.04 to -0.55; n = 18), followed by medium impairments in processing speed (g = -0.61; 95% CI, -0.83 to -0.38; n = 21) and verbal learning and memory (g = -0.55; 95% CI, -0.86 to -0.25; n = 12). The least altered cognitive domains were attention and vigilance (g = -0.30; 95% CI, -0.81 to 0.21; n = 5) and working memory (g = -0.23; 95% CI, -0.47 to 0.01; n = 19). Meta-regressions confirmed robustness of the results.Results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that adults with ASD show impairments in social cognitive domains and in specific nonsocial cognitive domains. These findings contribute to the understanding of the patterns of cognitive functioning in adults with ASD and may assist in the identification of targets for cognitive interventions.
Emicizumab Prophylaxis Provides Flexible and Effective Bleed Control in Children with Hemophilia Α with Inhibitors: Results from the HAVEN 2 Study
Authors: Guy Young, Ri Liesner, Robert F. Sidonio, Johannes Oldenburg, Victor Jimenez-Yuste, Johnny Mahlangu, Rebecca Kruse-Jarres, Michael Wang, Tiffany Chang, Marianne Uguen, Michelle Doral, Christophe Schmitt, Gallia G. Levy, Midori Shima, Maria Elisa Mancuso
Journal: Blood (2018)
Circulating microRNA signature and lung cancer outcome in low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening.
Authors: Stefano Sestini, Mattia Boeri, Alfonso Marchiano', Giuseppe Pelosi, Carlotta Galeone, Nicola Sverzellati, Carlo La Vecchia, Gabriella Sozzi, Ugo Pastorino
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

1529 Background: The efficacy of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening is currently being tested in prospective randomized trials worldwide. Some of these trials are also investigating the value of non-invasive biomarkers, to improve the cost-benefit ratio of LDCT by individual risk assessment. In the present study, we have analyzed the capacity of a miRNA signature classifier (MSC) based on 24 previously refined microRNAs circulating in plasma to predict the outcome of lung cancer patients within the LDCT screening program. Methods: Between 2000 and 2010, 3411 heavy smokers were enrolled in a screening program, with annual (2225) or biennial (1186) LDCT. During the first five years of screening, a total of 111 consecutive subjects developed lung cancer. The actuarial five-year survival according to clinical and pathological characteristics was calculated for all patients, and for the subset of 76 patients suitable for plasma MSC analysis, according to three different risk groups (High, Intermediate or Low). Median follow-up of the alive patients was 4.5 years (Inter Quartile Range = 6.5). Results: Five-year survival was 55% in overall (median 7.9 yrs), 63% for LDCT-detected cases (median nc), 90% for pStage I (median nc), 9% for pStage II-IV (median 1.5 yrs, p<0.001), 68% for cancers detected in the initial two years of screening (median nc), and 38% for years 3 to 5 (median 3.0 yrs, p<0.004). None of the 13 interval cancers survived 4 years (median 0.8 yrs, p<0.001). In the subset suitable for plasma MSC analysis , survival was 76% for low- to intermediate risk MSC (median nc), and 35% for High risk MSC (median 2.9 yrs, p=0.002). The prognostic power of MSC persisted when the analysis was restricted to LDCT-detected cases after exclusion of interval cancers (85 vs. 38% respectively, p<0.001). No cancer deaths were observed in the subset of 28 patients with pStage I and low- to intermediate risk MSC. Conclusions: Patients developing interval lung cancer or with a Stage higher than I had a very poor outcome, despite LDCT monitoring. Plasma MSC predicted lung cancer outcome effectively, and might improve the individual risk assessment and performance of LDCT screening in the near future. Clinical trial information: INT 05-53.
Expression of ERCC1 and class III β-tubulin in locally advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma and its correlation with different therapeutic regimens.
Authors: Ariel Osvaldo Zwenger, Gabriel Grosman, Julian Iturbe, Julieta Leone, Carlos Teodoro Vallejo, Jose Pablo Leone, Palmira Perez Verdera, Juan Eduardo Perez, Bernardo Amadeo Leone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e16505 Background: Several studies in solid tumors have shown that the excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) and class III β-tubulin (TUBB3) expressions can predict response to chemoradiotherapy treatments and could be considered as prognostic factors. We assessed the role of ERCC1 and TUBB3 expressions as predictive and prognostic factors in locally advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma (LACSCC) patients (pts) treated with different neoadjuvant therapeutic schedules. Methods: ERCC1 and TUBB3 were detected in 88 pts with LACSCC by immunohistochemical analysis. Sixty-two pts were included in three different prospective phase II trials in the neoadjuvant setting carried out by GOCS and grouped as follows: vinorelbine or docetaxel (Group A, n=44), and ifosfamide-vinorelbine-cisplatin (Group B, n=18). Both groups were compared with standard cisplatin chemoradiotherapy (Group C, n=26). Clinical data at baseline, disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were also collected. Univariate and multivariate Cox models were used to analyze the risk factors. Results: The median age was 43.5 years (range: 27-74). Thirty-five (39.8%) and 18 (20.5%) of 88 pts were classified as high ERCC1 and TUBB3 expression, respectively. Both proteins were overexpressed in tumors with unfavorable characteristics. High ERCC1 was associated with advanced FIGO stage (p =.034) and progressive disease (49% vs. 28%). Poor DFS (p =.021) and OS (p =.005) were observed in Group C pts whose tumors had high ERCC1 expression. No differences were observed either in Group A or B between the studied variables. Multivariate analysis for the whole series showed that ERCC1 expression, FIGO stage and pre-treatment hemoglobin level were significant prognostic factors (p =.002, p =.008 and p =.005, respectively). Conclusions: Our study confirms that ERCC1 expression could be a predictive and prognostic factor in LACSCC patients that received cisplatin monotherapy. Conversely, TUBB3 status had no impact on survival in patients treated with antimicrotubule agents.