tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nonfatal Drug and Polydrug Overdoses Treated in Emergency Departments — 29 States, 2018–2019
Authors: Stephen Liu, Lawrence Scholl, Brooke Hoots, Puja Seth
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

The U.S. drug overdose epidemic continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality. In 2017, 967,615 nonfatal drug overdoses were treated in emergency departments (EDs), a 4.3% increase from 2016 in all overdoses and a 3.1% increase in opioid-involved overdoses (1). During 2017 and 2018, syndromic surveillance revealed that 37.2% of overdoses treated in EDs in 18 states involved multiple drugs (2). To describe changes in rates and proportions of suspected nonfatal drug and polydrug overdoses treated in EDs, CDC analyzed syndromic surveillance data from 2018 to 2019 in 29 states. Rates of overdoses involving opioids, cocaine, and amphetamines increased 9.7%, 11.0%, and 18.3%, respectively, and the rate of benzodiazepine-involved overdoses decreased 3.0%. Overdoses co-involving opioids and amphetamines increased from 2018 to 2019, overall, in both sexes, and in most age groups. In 2019, 23.6%, 17.1%, and 18.7% of overdoses involving cocaine, amphetamine, and benzodiazepines, respectively, also involved opioids. Expanding overdose prevention, treatment, and response efforts is needed to reduce the number of drug and polydrug overdoses. This includes linkage into treatment, harm reduction services, and community-based programs for persons who use drugs; expanding overdose prevention efforts, including increased naloxone provision, to persons who use stimulants; addressing the illicit drug supply; and identifying specific risk factors for populations using these drugs. Continued surveillance with expanded coverage of additional jurisdictions of the evolving drug overdose epidemic is important to the success of these efforts.
THU0207 Asymptomatic and symptomatic myocardial ischemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: BV Obradovic-Tomasevic, L Radunovic, K Cobeljic, V Cvorovic, V Obradovic
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Holter electocardiography (Holter-ECG) is a useful uninvasive method with 24-hour-following of patients in hospital and especially out-of-hospital conditions. It was noticed that the ischaemic changes are noted on ECG and they can be without any subjective problems. Since the patients with rheumatoid arthritis have frequent chest pains, 24-hour-Holter ECG can indicate to whether those pains come from the heart. <h3>Objectives</h3> The objective of the research was to place Holter ECG for 24 h to the out-patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The objective was to follow ST-changes on Holter ECG with noting of the daily activities and subjective discomfort during those activities. It was also important to examine the possible ischemias and the time of their appearance. <h3>Methods</h3> 50 patients were examined, 30 females and 20 males, with the average age of 58 ± 3. All the patients were after the medical check-up placed Holter ECG and given the paper for notes. It was advised that they should do all the activities and note all the difficulties 24 h a day. The analysis of Holter ECG and the notes were done separately by two different doctors. <h3>Results</h3> Out of the 50 examined patients,30 patients had 3 risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia). 20 patients out of 50 examined had the risk factor – smoking. Episodes of symptomatic ischemia were noted in 20 patients and those were in the group which had all the three risk factors. Asymptomatic ischemia was noted in 15 patients and all of them had diabetes. Episodes of asyptomatic and symptomatic ischemia were noted in 15 patients. Asymptomatic and symptomatic ischemia occurred most frequently in the early morning hours, between 6 and 9 am, and 3 and 5 pm. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The examination showed that the patients with rheumatoid arthritis had ST segment changes on Holter ECG. Episodes of symptomatic ischemia were more frequent, though special attention was paid to the episodes of asymptomatic ischemia as well, which most often appeared in early morning hours. Episodes of asymptomatic ischemia were followed by complicated ventricular arrhythmias. Holter ECG is a useful method for following the patient with RA, because in this group the patients with the coronar diseases can be found. This is essential for the choice and dosage of a medicine. <h3>References</h3> Crawford M, DiMarco J. Cardiology, Mosby 2001, section 2:9.1‑12 Tlustochowicz W, Piotrowicz R, Cwetsch A, <i>et al</i>. 24-h-ECG monitoring in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Eur Heart J. 1995;16(6):848–51
Novel natural product‐based oral topical rinses and toothpastes to prevent periodontal diseases
Authors: Isabelle Laleman, Wim Teughels
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2020)

Abstract There is increasing public interest in natural or herbal‐based healthcare products. This trend is not only visible in supermarkets and dental practices, but also in the scientific world. An improving number of clinical trials are being conducted to validate the claims made about these products in regards to periodontal health. Among single component preparations, Aloe vera and green tea are the most studied natural ingredients. Concerning polyherbal mixtures, triphala has garnered great interest. The effects of these natural products on periodontal health is encouraging, with almost all studies showing an inhibitory effect on plaque accumulation and an improvement in gingival health. However, more studies are needed to be able to design clinical guidelines to guide the use of these natural products in periodontal practice. For most of these products, few studies are available and, moreover, the available studies are limited in duration, the number of participants, and the specific composition of the natural product is often not described in detail.
Timely monitoring of total mortality associated with COVID-19: informing public health and the public
Authors: Lasse S Vestergaard, Kåre Mølbak
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

Preview this article: Timely monitoring of total mortality associated with COVID-19: informing public health and the public, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/25/34/eurosurv-25-34-1-1.gif
A retrospective database analysis to assess the impact of zoledronic acid (ZOL) on skeletal-related events (SREs) in solid tumor cancer and multiple myeloma (MM) patients (pts)
Authors: S. Thayer, J. Cooke, S. Kaura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

9518 Background: For cancer pts with malignant bone lesions (BM), SREs including pathologic fracture, spinal cord compression, hypercalcemia of malignancy, and radiotherapy and/or surgery to bone are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and reduced quality of life. ZOL is an IV bisphosphonate (BP) proven to reduce and delay incidence of SREs in several tumor types. This study was designed to assess the benefit of long-term ZOL use in a real-life setting. Methods: Claims-based analysis of commercial and Medicare data from a large US managed care plan and a 45 health-plan database was used to evaluate mortality rates, SRE rates, and time from BM to SREs in pts treated with ZOL, pamidronate (PAM), or no IV BP therapy. Pts older than 18 years with solid tumors (breast, prostate, lung, bladder, or renal cell cancers) or MM and BM diagnosed between Jan 2001 and Dec 2006 were included. Continuous enrollment in the health plan for 6 months before the index date and no prior evidence of BM or IV BP use were required. Pts were followed until they left the care plan, switched therapy, or completed the study period. SRE and mortality rates were assessed. Results: The study sample included 28,415 pts with a mean age of 62.5 ± 12.24 years; approx. 25% were treated with ZOL, 8% with PAM, and 67% with no IV BP. Incidences of first and subsequent SREs were higher in the no IV BP group (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 2.27; 95% CI = 2.03, 2.53 and IRR = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.24, 1.37, respectively) vs the ZOL/PAM groups. Time to first SRE was delayed by approx. 153 days for ZOL vs no IV BP pts. Overall, pts who had greater persistency with ZOL had lower risks of first SRE compared with no IV BP, the greatest risk reduction being observed in the 12- to 18-month persistency cohort, which experienced &gt; 5-fold risk reduction (IRR = 0.19; 95% CI = 0.11, 0.31). The same persistency cohort also had a 27% lower risk of developing a second SRE (IRR = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.62, 0.86) compared with no IV BP. Conclusions: This study showed that in cancer pts with BM, persistence with ZOL resulted in reduced risk of developing first and subsequent SREs. Pts with longer persistence with ZOL achieved better outcomes. [Table: see text]
Wnt5a and Wnt11 as acute respiratory distress syndrome biomarkers for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 patients
Authors: Eun Young Choi, Hee Ho Park, Hyelim Kim, Hong Nam Kim, Inyoung Kim, Soyoung Jeon, Wantae Kim, Jong-Sup Bae, Wonhwa Lee
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has spread globally, resulting in declaration of pandemic emergency [1]. COVID-19 patients suffer from various symptoms of infection, including pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis. Some known antiviral drugs, including remdesivir, have been proposed as effective agents for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection [2, 3]. Along with the development of potential therapeutics, there is urgency to mitigate the transmission and economic crisis of SARS-CoV-2 via identification of biomarkers that can rapidly indicate the severity of the disease in infected patients. Wnt ligands are secreted glycoproteins and their downstream signalling plays a pivotal role in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Wnt5a/Wnt11 can be used as potential ARDS biomarkers for SARS-CoV-2 patients <https://bit.ly/3lxEGRA> We thank the patients who participated in this study.
アンジオテンシンI変換酵素阻害作用を有する生薬の研究 (第3報) 粉防い中の成分およびその誘導体の活性について
Authors: 荻野達則, 佐藤俊次, 佐々木博, 岡田稔, 丸野政雄
Journal: Nature Medicine (1998)
The Great Debate at ‘Immunotherapy Bridge’, Naples, December 5, 2019
Authors: Paolo A Ascierto, Carlo Bifulco, Jerome Galon, Claus Garbe, Samir N Khleif, Jennifer McQuade, Kunle Odunsi, Hideho Okada, Chrystal M Paulos, Sergio A Quezada, Hussein A Tawbi, John Timmerman, Giorgio Trinchieri, Lisa H Butterfield, Igor Puzanov
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

As part of the 2019 Immunotherapy Bridge congress (December 4–5, Naples, Italy), the Great Debate session featured counterpoint views from leading experts on six topical issues in immunotherapy today. These were the use of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in solid tumors, whether the Immunoscore should be more widely used in clinical practice, whether antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity is important in the mode of action of anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 antibodies, whether the brain is immunologically unique or just another organ, the role of microbiome versus nutrition in affecting responses to immunotherapy, and whether chemotherapy is immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive. Discussion of these important topics are summarized in this report.
<i>Notes from the Field:</i> CDC Polio Surge Response to Expanding Outbreaks of Type 2 Circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus — Africa and Philippines, September 2019–March 2020
Authors: Erika Meyer, Neha Sikka, Elias Durry, Deblina Datta
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

This report describes how disruptions in routine immunizations because of the COVID-19 pandemic have elevated the risk for increases in vaccine-preventable diseases such as polio in Africa and the Philippines.
Primary Indicators to Systematically Monitor COVID-19 Mitigation and Response — Kentucky, May 19–July 15, 2020
Authors: Kate Varela, Benjamin Scott, John Prather, Erin Blau, Peter Rock, Adam Vaughan, Cara Halldin, Sean Griffing, Heidi Pfeiffer, Janine Hines, Emilio Dirlikov, Doug Thoroughman
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019.* Kentucky's state-level composite COVID-19 status assesses the ability to safely reopen and remain open.COVID-19 status was reported at five levels: 5 = excellent (reopen/remain open); 4 = good (monitor); 3 = moderate (caution); 2 = fair (increase mitigation); 1 = poor (reopening risky, slow reopening or close); 0 = poor (reopening risky, slow reopening or close).† COVID-19 status is based on indicator monitoring reports (IMRs), which are produced daily by the Kentucky Department of Public Health, Monday through Saturday, and include data through the report date.The five key indicators used to generate the composite COVID-19 status include 1) syndromic surveillance data; 2) the number of new COVID-19 cases; 3) the number of COVID-19-associated deaths; 4) health care capacity data; and 5) public health capacity for contact tracing.No data are reported on Sundays.The Monday IMR includes cumulative Sunday cases, deaths, and syndromic surveillance data.Sunday contact tracing capacity and health care capacity data were not reported.§ No IMR was produced on May 25 because of the Memorial Day holiday; the May 26 IMR included May 25 data.
<i>CYP2C19</i> Genotyping to Guide Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Authors: David J. Moliterno, Susan S. Smyth, Ahmed Abdel-Latif
Journal: JAMA (2020)

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The recent outbreaks of human coronaviruses: A medicinal chemistry perspective
Authors: Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar, Lukas L. Wendt, Manoj Manickam, Maheswaran Easwaran
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2020)

Coronaviruses (CoVs) infect both humans and animals. In humans, CoVs can cause respiratory, kidney, heart, brain, and intestinal infections that can range from mild to lethal. Since the start of the 21st century, three β-coronaviruses have crossed the species barrier to infect humans: severe-acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-1, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV). These viruses are dangerous and can easily be transmitted from human to human. Therefore, the development of anticoronaviral therapies is urgently needed. However, to date, no approved vaccines or drugs against CoV infections are available. In this review, we focus on the medicinal chemistry efforts toward the development of antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, targeting biochemical events important for viral replication and its life cycle. These targets include the spike glycoprotein and its host-receptors for viral entry, proteases that are essential for cleaving polyproteins to produce functional proteins, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase for viral RNA replication.
Modeling Contact Tracing Strategies for COVID-19 in the Context of Relaxed Physical Distancing Measures
Authors: Alyssa Bilinski, Farzad Mostashari, Joshua A. Salomon
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

This mathematical modeling study examines the potential for contract tracing to reduce the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the context of reduced physical distancing under different assumptions for case detection, tracing, and quarantine efficacy.
Estimates of the Association of Dementia With US Mortality Levels Using Linked Survey and Mortality Records
Authors: Andrew C. Stokes, Jordan Weiss, Dielle J. Lundberg, Wubin Xie, Jung Ki Kim, Samuel H. Preston, Eileen M. Crimmins
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2020)

Vital statistics are the primary source of data used to understand the mortality burden of dementia in the US, despite evidence that dementia is underreported on death certificates. Alternative estimates, drawing on population-based samples, are needed.
High-grade proteinuria associated with bevacizumab in patients with renal cell cancer and non-renal cell cancer
Authors: C. Y. Kim, D. Chu, L. Baer, S. Wu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e16089 Background: Bevacizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor. It is a widely used angiogenesis inhibitor in the treatment of renal cell cancer (RCC) and other solid tumors. Proteinuria is associated with significant morbidity and treatment interruptions. The overall risk for proteinuria is unclear. This study was conducted to determine the risk of developing proteinuria among RCC and non-RCC patients receiving bevacizumab. Methods: Databases from PUBMED and Web Science from January 1966 until July 2008 and abstracts presented at ASCO from January 2000 to July 2008 were searched to identify relevant studies. Studies included randomized controlled clinical trials in which standard anti-neoplastic therapy was administered with and without bevacizumab with available data for proteinuria. Summary incidence rate, relative risk (RR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated employing fixed or random effect models based upon the heterogeneity of included studies. Results: A total of 6,702 patients from 14 randomized controlled studies were included for analysis. The incidence of all-grade proteinuria in patients receiving bevacizumab was 19.3% (95% CI: 11.9–29.6%) with 2.3% (95% CI: 1.2–4.1%) being high-grade (grade 3 or 4). Patients treated with bevacizumab had an increased risk of developing high-grade proteinuria with RR of 6.3 (95% CI: 4.0–9.9) compared with controls. Risk may vary with dose of bevacizumab; significant difference may exist in patients receiving bevacizumab at 5 mg/kg/week (RR 9.1, 95% CI: 4.3–19.6, p &lt; 0.001) and 2.5 mg/kg/week (RR = 5.1, 95%CI: 3.0–8.8, p &lt; 0.001). The risk of high-grade proteinuria may also depend on tumor type; the incidence of high-grade proteinuria was 10.0% (95% CI: 4.3–22.4%) with a RR 48.7 (95% CI: 9.7–244.3) among 703 RCC patients compared with an incidence of 1.7% (95% CI: 0.09–3.2%) and RR of 5.2 (95% CI: 3.3–8.4) among 5,999 non-RCC patients. Conclusions: There is a significant risk for high-grade proteinuria in patients receiving bevacizumab. The risk may vary with bevacizumab dose and tumor type. RCC patients may have higher risk than non-RCC patients. Close monitoring and management are recommended for patients at high risk. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A systematic evaluation of single-cell RNA-sequencing imputation methods
Authors: Wenpin Hou, Zhicheng Ji, Hongkai Ji, Stephanie C. Hicks
Journal: Genome biology (2020)

The rapid development of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies has led to the emergence of many methods for removing systematic technical noises, including imputation methods, which aim to address the increased sparsity observed in single-cell data. Although many imputation methods have been developed, there is no consensus on how methods compare to each other. Here, we perform a systematic evaluation of 18 scRNA-seq imputation methods to assess their accuracy and usability. We benchmark these methods in terms of the similarity between imputed cell profiles and bulk samples and whether these methods recover relevant biological signals or introduce spurious noise in downstream differential expression, unsupervised clustering, and pseudotemporal trajectory analyses, as well as their computational run time, memory usage, and scalability. Methods are evaluated using data from both cell lines and tissues and from both plate- and droplet-based single-cell platforms. We found that the majority of scRNA-seq imputation methods outperformed no imputation in recovering gene expression observed in bulk RNA-seq. However, the majority of the methods did not improve performance in downstream analyses compared to no imputation, in particular for clustering and trajectory analysis, and thus should be used with caution. In addition, we found substantial variability in the performance of the methods within each evaluation aspect. Overall, MAGIC, kNN-smoothing, and SAVER were found to outperform the other methods most consistently.
Astrocytic neogenin/netrin-1 pathway promotes blood vessel homeostasis and function in mouse cortex
Authors: Ling-Ling Yao, Jin-Xia Hu, Qiang Li, Daehoon Lee, Xiao Ren, Jun-Shi Zhang, Dong Sun, Hong-Sheng Zhang, Yong-Gang Wang, Lin Mei, Wen-Cheng Xiong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

Astrocytes have multiple functions in the brain, including affecting blood vessel (BV) homeostasis and function. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we provide evidence that astrocytic neogenin (NEO1), a member of deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) family netrin receptors, is involved in blood vessel homeostasis and function. Mice with Neo1 depletion in astrocytes exhibited clustered astrocyte distribution and increased BVs in their cortices. These BVs were leaky, with reduced blood flow, disrupted vascular basement membranes (vBMs), decreased pericytes, impaired endothelial cell (EC) barrier, and elevated tip EC proliferation. Increased proliferation was also detected in cultured ECs exposed to the conditioned medium (CM) of NEO1-depleted astrocytes. Further screening for angiogenetic factors in the CM identified netrin-1 (NTN1), whose expression was decreased in NEO1-depleted cortical astrocytes. Adding NTN1 into the CM of NEO1-depleted astrocytes attenuated EC proliferation. Expressing NTN1 in NEO1 mutant cortical astrocytes ameliorated phenotypes in blood-brain barrier (BBB), EC, and astrocyte distribution. NTN1 depletion in astrocytes resulted in BV/BBB deficits in the cortex similar to those in Neo1 mutant mice. In aggregate, these results uncovered an unrecognized pathway, astrocytic NEO1 to NTN1, not only regulating astrocyte distribution, but also promoting cortical BV homeostasis and function.