tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P1-11-14: Efficacy and quality of life analysis of palonosetron vs ondansetron for high and moderate emetogenic chemotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: C Arce-Salinas, Z Deneken-Hernandez, D Flores-Diaz, JP Gonzalez-Serrano, JA Matus-Santos, E Ruiz-Garcia, G Calderillo-Ruiz, O Macedo, J Santamaría-Galicia, JL Aguilar-Ponce, N Reynoso-Noverón
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background: Nausea and vomiting are common complications on the chemotherapy (CINV) and can affect the quality of life of the patients. There are various antiemetic regiments that varies in both cost and effectiveness. The aim of this trial is to evaluate the efficacy in acute and delayed CINV of ondansetron vs palonosetron. Patients and methods: In his was a randomized, open label trial, we included breast cancer patients' candidate to (AC, TC, TCH regimens); arm A received palonosetron, dexamethasone and fosaprepitant and arm B ondansetron, dexamethasone, fosaprepitant; patients who had received previously any chemotherapy or radiotherapy were excluded.Presence of CINV were investigated, as well the ER visits due for CINV and QoL (EORTC QLQ 30 and EORTC B-23) were analyzed during the first cycle of treatment. Local ethics committee approved the trial. Results: 262 patients were included, 87% received AC and 13% TC; acute control was achieved in 87% and 94% respectively, p=ns and delayed control was achieved in 76% and 86% p=ns, toxicity was similar in both arms. QoL analysis showed no differences in family interaction, social life and financial troubles. ER visits due to severe symptoms were similar p=ns Conclusions: Palonosetron or ondansetron are equally effective in prevention acute and delayed CINV and they also maintain similar quality of life. Citation Format: Arce-Salinas C, Deneken-Hernandez Z, Flores-Diaz D, Gonzalez-Serrano JP, Matus-Santos JA, Ruiz-Garcia E, Calderillo-Ruiz G, Macedo O, Santamaría-Galicia J, Aguilar-Ponce JL, Reynoso-Noverón N. Efficacy and quality of life analysis of palonosetron vs ondansetron for high and moderate emetogenic chemotherapy for breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-11-14.
Myeloid cells in liver and bone marrow acquire a functionally distinct inflammatory phenotype during obesity-related steatohepatitis
Authors: Oliver Krenkel, Jana Hundertmark, Ali T Abdallah, Marlene Kohlhepp, Tobias Puengel, Tilmann Roth, Diogo Philippini Pontual Branco, Jana C Mossanen, Tom Luedde, Christian Trautwein, Ivan G Costa, Frank Tacke
Journal: Gut (2019)

Objective Bone marrow-derived myeloid cells accumulate in the liver as monocytes and macrophages during the progression of obesity-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to steatohepatitis (NASH). Myeloid cells comprise heterogeneous subsets, and dietary overnutrition may affect macrophages in the liver and bone marrow. We therefore aimed at characterising in depth the functional adaptations of myeloid cells in fatty liver. Design We employed single-cell RNA sequencing to comprehensively assess the heterogeneity of myeloid cells in the liver and bone marrow during NAFLD, by analysing C57BL/6 mice fed with a high-fat, high-sugar, high-cholesterol ‘Western diet’ for 16 weeks. We also characterised NAFLD-driven functional adaptations of macrophages in vitro and their functional relevance during steatohepatitis in vivo. Results Single-cell RNA sequencing identified distinct myeloid cell clusters in the liver and bone marrow. In both compartments, monocyte-derived populations were largely expanded in NASH-affected mice. Importantly, the liver myeloid compartment adapted a unique inflammatory phenotype during NAFLD progression, exemplarily characterised by downregulated inflammatory calprotectin (S100A8/A9) in macrophage and dendritic cell subsets. This distinctive gene signature was also found in their bone marrow precursors. The NASH myeloid phenotype was principally recapitulated by in vitro exposure of bone marrow-derived macrophages with fatty acids, depended on toll-like receptor 4 signalling and defined a characteristic response pattern to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. This imprinted and stable NASH myeloid immune phenotype functionally determined inflammatory responses following acute liver injury (acetaminophen poisoning) in vivo. Conclusion Liver myeloid leucocytes and their bone marrow precursors adapt a common and functionally relevant inflammatory signature during NAFLD progression.
Abstract ES10-1: Recurrent ESR1 mutations activating mutations in breast cancer
Authors: R Jeselsohn
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Endocrine treatments are the cornerstone treatments in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer. Despite their efficacy, resistance to endocrine treatments remains an important clinical challenge. A number of years ago, recurrent estrogen receptor ligand binding domain (LBD) mutations were identified as the most common genomic mechanism of acquired resistance to endocrine treatment in metastatic breast cancer. These mutations were found in about 20% of ER+ metastatic tissue specimens and in more than 30% of patients with metastatic ER+ breast cancer when testing circulating tumor DNA. Pre-clinical studies showed that these mutations lead to constitutional ligand independent transcriptional activity and tumor growth. Recently, we showed that the ER mutations have neomorphic properties that promote metastases. Clinical data, derived mainly from retrospective analyses of clinical trials, indicate that the ER mutations confer resistance to aromatase inhibitors and fulvestrant, and decreased overall survival. A recent study also showed that the Y537S LBD ER mutation is acquired during fulvestrant and palbociclib treatment. Collectively, the ER mutations are important drivers of resistance standard endocrine treatments and confer worse outcomes in ER+ metastatic breast cancer. Clinical trials stratifying patients by ER mutant status or dedicated to patients with the ER mutations are needed to identify therapeutic strategies to target these mutations. Citation Format: Jeselsohn R. Recurrent ESR1 mutations activating mutations in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr ES10-1.
Abstract P2-02-07: Targeting iron metabolism in breast cancer: Ferroptosis and genome stability
Authors: RL Possemato, VO Sviderskiy, SW Alvarez, EM Terzi
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Iron-sulfur clusters are cell-essential protein cofactors in at least 48 human enzymes supporting diverse cellular functions, including genomic integrity and oxidative phosphorylation, and acting as molecular sensors for oxygen and iron levels. We recently described that breast cancer cells are particularly dependent upon robust iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis for the survival of elevated oxygen conditions, including seeding lung metastases (1). Moreover, we found that even partially blocking cluster synthesis activated an iron-starvation response, rendering breast cancer cells susceptible to oxidative stress and death by ferroptosis (1). However, the precise mechanisms underlying these phenotypes remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we find that basal-like breast cancer cells are particularly susceptible to suppression of iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis. By systematically evaluating proteins containing iron-sulfur clusters, we discovered that this susceptibility lies in the intrinsic vulnerability of basal-like breast cancer cells to genomic instability. These results have enabled us to define specific molecular targets in basal-like breast cancer which induce DNA damage, replication fork instability, and apoptosis, with striking subtype specificity. Our findings have broad implications for the underlying differences in genomic integrity in basal-like and luminal breast cancer subsets, and will inform future novel strategies to target genomic integrity in basal-like breast cancer. 1. Alvarez S, Sviderskiy VO, Terzi EM, Papagiannakopoulos T, Moreira AL, Adams S, Sabatini DM, Birsoy K, and Possemato R. NFS1 Undergoes Positive Selection in Lung Tumors and Protects Cells From Elevated Oxygen Levels and Ferroptosis, Nature. 2017 Nov 30;551(7682):639-643. This work was supported by a Susan G. Komen Career Catalyst Award and the NCI (R01 CA214948). Citation Format: Possemato RL, Sviderskiy VO, Alvarez SW, Terzi EM. Targeting iron metabolism in breast cancer: Ferroptosis and genome stability [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-02-07.
Abstract ES11-2: Current status of diagnosis, monitoring, and non-surgical management of lymphedema
Authors: S McLaughlin
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Lymphedema (LE) is a common but underreported complication of breast cancer treatment since most studies lack baseline and follow-up measurements or follow-up that is long enough to adequately record true incidence. Contemporary prospective randomized trials continue to document the occurrence of lymphedema after any axillary treatment and note that combination therapy with axillary surgery and radiation nearly doubles LE risk. Over the last 5 years clinicians have witnessed a paradigm shift in the diagnostic practices of LE with concerted efforts focusing on early detection as opposed to reactionary interventions. Controversy however has existed over how to define and diagnose LE and as such the literature surrounding diagnosis is heterogeneous with respect to incidence and recommendations. Existing guidelines emphasize the need for routine monitoring for LE and the critical importance of baseline, bilateral, and longitudinal limb assessments but do not embrace one measurement technique. A growing body of prospective observational data is systematically challenging the value of precautionary behaviors. Further, prospective randomized data demonstrates exercise does not promote the development of LE. Complex decongestive therapy remains the cornerstone of non-surgical LE treatment. With the NCI predicting over 4 million breast cancer survivors in the US by 2024, lymphedema is potentially a significant public health burden. Citation Format: McLaughlin S. Current status of diagnosis, monitoring, and non-surgical management of lymphedema [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr ES11-2.
Does medic humour need to be curbed?
Authors: Isabella Laws
Journal: BMJ (2013)

I recently stumbled across a BMJ blog about medical humour, and its potential pitfalls when shared online. Julian Sheather, author of the blog, warned about posting information that can identify patients without consent, and reminded doctors to maintain professional boundaries.1 Healthcare workers who had publicly discussed and joked about patients on social media had been in the news—in New Zealand, hospital staff are facing disciplinary action for making inappropriate comments.2 Of course, problems with workplace humour are not restricted to healthcare professionals. Allen and Ovary published a report about the extent and perception of workplace banter earlier this year, surveying a wide range of professions from education to construction.3 But is it unethical, insensitive, and …
Trust Between Teachers and Learners
Authors: David P. Sklar, Graham T. McMahon
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
I am more than an MTAS score
Authors: Pippa Dwan
Journal: BMJ (2010)

MTAS (the UK Medical Training Application Service for allocating junior doctors’ training jobs) was introduced in our second year of medical school and has been quietly hanging over us since then. The goalposts were set—ranking of candidates and much more emphasis than before on free text questions rather than experience or exam results.

In my first year I enjoyed university, got involved, and just passed my exams. This left my grades average. For the next three …
Critical lipids link breastfeeding to healthy adipose tissue in infancy and adulthood
Authors: Christy M. Gliniak, Philipp E. Scherer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2019)

The study of beige adipose tissue (BeAT) has recently gained popularity because of its potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity and other metabolic disorders. While BeAT regulation is well understood in adults, the critical signals regulating BeAT during infant development need to be better defined. The bioactive components in breast milk have been primarily studied in the context of immunity. In this issue of the JCI, Yu and Dilbaz et al. identify how a class of breast milk-specific lipid mediators referred to as alkylglycerols (AKGs) maintain BeAT in infants and prevent the transdifferentiation of BeAT into lipid-storing white adipose tissue (WAT).
A PolH Transcript with a Short 3′UTR Enhances PolH Expression and Mediates Cisplatin Resistance
Authors: Jin Zhang, Wenqiang Sun, Cong Ren, Xiangmudong Kong, Wensheng Yan, Xinbin Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Platinum-based anticancer drugs are widely used as a first-line drug for cancers, such as non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and bladder cancer. However, the efficacy is limited due to intrinsic or acquired resistance to these drugs. DNA polymerase eta (PolH, Polη) belongs to the Y-family of DNA polymerases and mediates DNA translesion synthesis, a major mechanism for DNA damage tolerance. Here, we showed that a high level of PolH is associated with cisplatin resistance in lung and bladder cancer. Consistent with this, loss of PolH markedly attenuates cisplatin resistance in both cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cells. Interestingly, we found that due to the presence of multiple polyadenylation sites, alternative polyadenylation (APA) produces three major PolH transcripts with various lengths of 3′untranslated region (3′UTR; 427-/2516-/6245-nt). We showed that the short PolH transcript with 427-nt 3′UTR is responsible for high expression of PolH in various cisplatin-resistant lung and bladder cancer cell lines. Importantly, loss of the short PolH transcript significantly sensitizes cancer cells to cisplatin treatment. Moreover, we found that miR-619 selectively inhibits the ability of the long PolH transcript with 6245-nt 3′UTR to produce PolH protein and, subsequently, PolH-dependent cell growth. Together, our data suggest that PolH expression is controlled by APA and that the short PolH transcript produced by APA can escape miR-619–mediated repression and, subsequently, confers PolH-mediated cisplatin resistance. Significance: A short PolH transcript produced by alternative polyadenylation escapes repression by miR-619 and confers resistance to cisplatin.
Identification and management of sepsis
Authors: Julia R Blackburn, Ron Daniels
Journal: BMJ (2015)

How you can make a difference to this life threatening and time critical condition Sepsis is a common condition with an estimated annual incidence of 90.4 cases per 100 000 population in Europe.1 Severe sepsis has a high mortality rate, causing roughly 36 800 deaths annually in the United Kingdom.2 Junior doctors have an important part to play in the early recognition, assessment, and management of sepsis, including timely involvement of senior colleagues. Around half of patients who trigger on early warning score charts in hospital do so because of sepsis.3 Doctors need a "whole patient" approach to managing sepsis, rather than just treating the infective cause. This is because it is not the bacteria that kill patients but the inflammatory response syndrome associated with the infection.4 Sepsis accounts for about 15% of all deaths that occur within seven days of hospital admission.5 Early intervention in sepsis not only saves lives but can also limit the severity of illness. Getting the basics right can prevent deterioration into severe sepsis.6 This article will help you to recognise sepsis and understand the key management steps—the "sepsis six." #### Definitions of sepsis Sepsis has many confusing terms associated with it. However, the 2001 International Sepsis Definitions conference defined widely agreed criteria for the diagnosis of sepsis and severe sepsis.7 Here are some of the key terms and concepts for sepsis and sepsis care.
Imaging for Predicting, Detecting, and Managing Complications After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Frank E. Corrigan, Patrick T. Gleason, Jose F. Condado, John C. Lisko, John H. Chen, Norihiko Kamioka, Patricia Keegan, Sharon Howell, Stephen D. Clements, Vasilis C. Babaliaros, Stamatios Lerakis
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2019)
All UK final year medical students should sit the same exam, says Future Forum
Authors: Emilie Green
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The implementation of a national standardised examination for all final-year medical students has been recommended by the NHS Future Forum, a group of clinicians, NHS staff, and patients. The group are in the second phase of their work on the education and training of all healthcare professionals in England.

The Future Forum’s report outlines fundamental issues from the perspectives of patients and healthcare professionals, with a view to improving the quality of medical graduates.

To maintain a guaranteed benchmark on a national level, the education report advocates a standardised examination for all final year UK medical students. Should this be implemented, newly qualified doctors could be granted full …
Fate-Mapping of GM-CSF Expression Identifies a Discrete Subset of Inflammation-Driving T Helper Cells Regulated by Cytokines IL-23 and IL-1β
Authors: Juliana Komuczki, Selma Tuzlak, Ekaterina Friebel, Tom Hartwig, Sabine Spath, Philip Rosenstiel, Ari Waisman, Lennart Opitz, Mohammed Oukka, Bettina Schreiner, Pawel Pelczar, Burkhard Becher
Journal: Immunity (2019)
Triple-functional polyetheretherketone surface with enhanced bacteriostasis and anti-inflammatory and osseointegrative properties for implant application
Authors: Xiao Xu, Yongliang Li, Lixin Wang, Yan Li, Jijia Pan, Xiaoming Fu, Zuyuan Luo, Yi Sui, Siqi Zhang, Liang Wang, Yaofeng Ni, Lei Zhang, Shicheng Wei
Journal: Biomaterials (2019)
All sewn up for the new term
Authors: Matthew Billingsley
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Welcome to a new year of medical school. If you’re a fresher, we have several articles to help you hit the ground running.

Firstly, the transition from A levels to medical school can be huge step up. Students from traditional as well as integrated and problem based learning courses advise on how to adjust to each teaching style (doi:10.1136/sbmj.j2997)

Secondly, our readers offer their tips on how to make the most of your time at medical school so you are prepared for your future career once you graduate (doi: 10.1136/sbmj.j3372)

Thirdly, Christian Boden, a financial adviser for the Royal Medical Benevolent Fund, gives an overview of what funding you are entitled to, and advises on what to do if you fall into financial difficulty (doi: 10.1136/sbmj.j3699).

What image comes to mind when …
Medical electives—not necessarily unethical and full of opportunity
Authors: Verity Blackburn, final year medical student
Journal: BMJ (2013)

First do no harm; everything else is a bonus—few of us have much confidence when we first start out. Indeed, when on medical elective there is not much students can offer in terms of self directed and useful clinical practice, and so equally little they can do to detract from the work of the host institution. This is in part why electives are not only ethically justified, but also constitute an intrinsic rite of passage, because they can offer a great opportunity for personal development, not only clinically but also socially and culturally.

I am about to embark on a 10 week elective—provided I pass finals—and, having already undertaken a two week placement in obstetrics and gynaecology in Mahamodara Hospital, Sri Lanka, I have a better idea of what to pack (fewer gloves), and what to expect from a foreign healthcare system. However, this practical awareness is of far less consequence than the unexpected insight I gained into the differences between the United Kingdom’s health …
Abstract P2-05-09: Withdrawn
Authors: L Connelly, S Tsang Mui Chung
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract This abstract was withdrawn by the authors. Citation Format: Connelly L, Tsang Mui Chung S. Withdrawn [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-05-09.
History Taking in the Anatomy Lab
Authors: Bethany Kette
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract P1-08-08: Not presented
Authors: E Rapiti, R Schaffar, C Bouchardy, I Neyroud-Caspar, S Benhamou
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Rapiti E, Schaffar R, Bouchardy C, Neyroud-Caspar I, Benhamou S. Not presented [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-08-08.