tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PATH-38. ROSETTE-FORMING GLIONEURONAL TUMOR IS DEFINED BY FGFR1 ACTIVATING ALTERATIONS WITH FREQUENT ACCOMPANYING PI3K AND MAPK PATHWAY MUTATIONS
Authors: Lucas Calixto-Hope, Julieann Lee, Emily Sloan, Jeffrey Hofmann, Jessica Van Ziffle, Courtney Onodera, James Grenert, Patrick Devine, Cassie Kline, Anu Banerjee, Jennifer Clarke, Jennie Taylor, Nancy Ann Oberheim-Bush, Robin Buerki, Nicholas Butowski, Susan Chang, Mike McDermott, Manish Aghi, Philip Theodosopoulos, Shawn Hervey-Jumper, Mitchel Berger, Corey Raffel, Nalin Gupta, Bette Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, Matthew Wood, Marjorie Grafe, Hua Guo, Peter Sun, Joseph Torkildson, Tabitha Cooney, Cynthia Fata, David Scharnhorst, David Samuel, Serguei Bannykh, Ziad Khatib, Ossama Maher, Gabriel Chamyan, Liset Pelaez, Carole Brathwaite, Lee-way Jin, Mirna Lechpammer, Donald Born, Hannes Vogel, Han Lee, Joanna Phillips, Melike Pekmezci, Andrew Bollen, Tarik Tihan, Arie Perry, David Solomon
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract BACKGROUND Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT) is an uncommon CNS tumor originally described in the fourth ventricle characterized by a low-grade glial neoplasm admixed with a rosette-forming neurocytic component. METHODS We reviewed clinicopathologic features of 42 patients with RGNT. Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed, and genome-wide methylation profiling is underway. RESULTS The 20 male and 22 female patients had a mean age of 25 years (range 3–47) at time of diagnosis. Tumors were located within or adjacent to the lateral ventricle (n=16), fourth ventricle (15), third ventricle (9), and spinal cord (2). All 31 tumors assessed to date contained FGFR1 activating alterations, either in-frame gene fusion, kinase domain tandem duplication, or hotspot missense mutation in the kinase domain (p.N546 or p.K656). While 7 of these 31 tumors harbored FGFR1 alterations as the solitary pathogenic event, 24 contained additional pathogenic alterations within PI3-kinase or MAP kinase pathway genes: 5 with additional PIK3CA and NF1 mutations, 4 with PIK3CA mutation, 3 with PIK3R1 mutation (one of which also contained focal RAF1 amplification), 5 with PTPN11 mutation (one with additional PIK3R1 mutation), and 2 with NF1 deletion. The other 5 cases demonstrated anaplastic features including hypercellularity and increased mitotic activity. Among these anaplastic cases, 3 harbored inactivating ATRX mutations and two harbored CDKN2A homozygous deletion, in addition to the FGFR1 alterations plus other PI3-kinase and MAP kinase gene mutations seen in those RGNT without anaplasia. CONCLUSION Independent of ventricular location, RGNT is defined by FGFR1 activating mutations or rearrangements, which are frequently accompanied by mutations involving PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PTPN11, NF1, and KRAS. Whereas pilocytic astrocytoma and ganglioglioma are characterized by solitary activating MAP kinase pathway alterations (e.g. BRAF fusion or mutation), RGNT are genetically more complex with dual PI3K-Akt-mTOR and Ras-Raf-MAPK pathway activation. Rare anaplastic examples may show additional ATRX and/or CDKN2A inactivation.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Detects Differences in Microvascular Blood Flow in Adults with Sickle Cell Disease Administered Regadenoson
Authors: Jonathan R. Lindner, Michael Widlansky, Melinda D. Wu, Jillian Dargatz, Leanne M. Harmann, Todd Belcik, Donna S. Neuberg, David G. Nathan, Joel Linden, Joshua J. Field
Journal: Blood (2014)
Investigating the Relationship between CD34+and CD3+ Cell Doses, One-Year Graft-Versus-Relapse-Free-Survival, Graft-Versus-Host Disease, and Overall Survival in Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Mindy Hsiao, Anastasia Martynova, George Yaghmour, Chris Foss
Journal: Blood (2019)
A Phase Ib, Open-Label, Randomized Study to Assess Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of Tafasitamab (MOR208) or Tafasitamab + Lenalidomide in Addition to R-CHOP in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: The First-Mind Trial
Authors: John M Burke, Marc André, Bruce D. Cheson, Johannes Duell, Grzegorz Nowakowski, Andreas Rosenwald, Gilles A. Salles, Jeff P. Sharman, Philipp Bernhard Staber, Marek Trněný, Jason R. Westin, Wolfram Brugger, Günter Fingerle-Rowson, Magdalena Klanova, Guido Würth, Lorenz Truemper
Journal: Blood (2019)
QOLP-09. IMPACT OF GLIOBLASTOMA (GBM) PATIENTS’ CLINICAL AND TREATMENT CHARACTERISTICS ON CAREGIVER BURDEN AND QUALITY OF LIFE (QOL)
Authors: Trang Au, Connor Willis, Katherine Peters, Howard Colman, Adam Cohen, P Leia Nghiemphu, Jennie Taylor, Maija Reblin, D Ryan Ormond, Nicole Willmarth, Jyothi Menon, Junjie Ma, Prianka Singh, Alexander Marshall, Alexandre Watanabe, Beata Korytowsky, David Stenehjem, Diana Brixner
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract BACKGROUND GBM is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. We explored impact of disease on caregivers by characterizing caregiver burden and QOL associated with patient characteristics. METHODS Primary caregivers of living adult GBM patients with cognitive dysfunction completed a GBM-specific caregiver burden survey and the validated Caregiver Quality of Life Index–Cancer Scale (CQOLC). Patient data were abstracted from medical records (7/2018-4/2019). Patient characteristics were compared between highest and lowest tertile of CQOLC scores (range 0–140); higher scores suggest better QOL. RESULTS There were 140 patient-caregiver dyads enrolled in the study. Mean patient age was 57 years (range 24–63); majority white males (62.9%), unifocal lesion (90%) and normal activity level at diagnosis. Forty-percent had methylated MGMT promoter status. Caregivers were mostly white (61.4%), college-educated female spouses of similar age; 87.8% were caregiving for &gt;6 months. Median CQOLC score was 82 (tertiles: &lt; 76 and &gt;92). More caregivers in the lowest vs highest CQOLC tertile reported ‘not employed due to caregiving’ (52.4% vs 12%, P&lt; 0.01), ‘changes in patients’ personality’ (73.3% vs 42.6%, P&lt; 0.01), ‘patient memory problems’ (93.5% vs 77.1%, P=0.02), and caring for patient with recurrence treated with ‘chemotherapy other than temozolomide’ ([TMZ], 27.7% vs 8.3%, P=0.01). There was &gt; 10% difference in proportion of caregivers in the lowest vs highest CQOLC tertile for the following patient characteristics: largest lesion in right temporal lobe at baseline and partial resection at initial treatment. Conversely, there was &gt; 10% difference in the highest vs lowest CQOLC tertile for Karnofsky score (&gt; 80), largest lesion in right frontal lobe at baseline, surgical clean margins, TMZ for initial treatment, and surgery for recurrence. CONCLUSION Unemployment, patient personality/memory changes, and chemotherapy other than TMZ use had significant impact on caregiver burden/QoL. This may help identify caregivers to receive support and intervention.
The nucleic acid binding protein YB-1–controlled expression of CXCL-1 modulates kidney damage in liver fibrosis
Authors: Daniela Hermert, Ina V. Martin, Lucy K. Reiss, Xiyang Liu, Daniel M. Breitkopf, Katharina C. Reimer, Christina Alidousty, Thomas Rauen, Jürgen Floege, Tammo Ostendorf, Ralf Weiskirchen, Ute Raffetseder
Journal: Kidney International (2019)
Lower serum expression of miR-181c-5p is associated with increased plasma levels of amyloid-beta 1–40 and cerebral vulnerability in normal aging
Authors: Marta Manzano-Crespo, Mercedes Atienza, Jose L. Cantero
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2019)

Previous studies have shown that expression levels of miR-181c are downregulated by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, both factors largely associated with the development of AD. Moreover, reduced 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG)-PET brain metabolism and volume loss of regions of the medial temporal lobe have been generally recognized as hallmarks of AD. Based on this evidence, we have here investigated potential associations between serum levels of miR-181c-5p and these AD signatures in asymptomatic elderly subjects. Ninety-five normal elderly subjects underwent clinical, cognitive, structural MRI, and FDG-PET explorations. Serum expression levels of miR-181c-5p and plasma Aβ concentrations were further analyzed in this cohort. Regression analyses were performed to assess associations between serum miR-181c-5p levels and cognitive functioning, plasma Aβ, structural and metabolic brain changes. Decreased serum expression of miR-181c-5p was associated with increased plasma levels of Aβ1-40, deficits in cortical glucose metabolism, and volume reduction of the entorhinal cortex. No significant associations were found between lower miR-181c-5p levels and cognitive deficits or cortical thinning. These findings suggest that deregulation of serum miR-181c-5p may indicate cerebral vulnerability in late life.
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for T Cell Lymphomas: Improved Results Overtime
Authors: Silvana Novelli, Leyre Bento, Irene García-Cadenas, Laura Prieto, Lucía López Corral, Gonzalo Gutierrez Garcia, Rafael Hernani, Ariadna Pérez Martínez, Jorge Sierra, Carlos Solano, Mariana Bastos-Oreiro, Nieves Dorado, Nancy Rodríguez-Torres, Guillermo Rodríguez, Jose Luis Piñana Sanchez, Juan Montoro Gómez, Pilar Herrera Puente, Alejandro Luna, Isabel Sanchez Ortega, Carmen Martin Calvo, Oriana López-Godino, Inmaculada Heras, Joud Zanabili, María Del Pilar Palomo Moraleda, Rocio Parody, Jose Maria Moraleda, Lucrecia Yáñez, Antonio Gutiérrez, Teresa Zudaire, Raul Cordoba, Rosario Varela, Christelle M Ferra, Joaquin Martinez-Lopez, Estefania García-Torres, Dolores Caballero
Journal: Blood (2019)
Developmental Venous Anomaly Inside a Glioblastoma
Authors: Jose Danilo Bengzon Diestro, Julian Spears, Thomas R. Marotta
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
In Vitro Induction of Human Regulatory T-Cells (iTregs) Using Conditions of Low Tryptophan Plus Kynurenines
Authors: Keli L. Hippen, Margaret L. MacMillan, Amanda Lemire, Asim Saha, Eric Hanse, Colin Lord, Ameeta Kelekar, Roddy S. O'Connor, James L. Riley, Carl H June, Leslie Kean, Jeffrey S. Miller, John E. Wagner, David H. Munn, Bruce R. Blazar
Journal: Blood (2016)
Pulmonary Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: John A. Talbott, Evan Calkins
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Macroscopic and microscopic examination of autopsy material, clinical history, roentgenographic and physical findings of 37 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 37 controls falling within the same sex and decade of life were compared. Although there were more pathological findings in the group with rheumatoid arthritis, with the exception of pleuritis and pleural effusions, no one macroscopic condition or microscopic finding distinguished the two groups. Although these findings confirm that pulmonary manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis are infrequent, they do not negate their existence. Whether diffuse interstitial pneumonitis and fibrosis can justifiably be regarded as a manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis cannot be stated conclusively at this time.
Dermatology in General Practice
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Maternal Thyroid Hormones in Early Pregnancy; Findings in the Danish National Birth Cohort
Authors: Kosuke Inoue, Beate Ritz, Stine Linding Andersen, Cecilia Høst Ramlau-Hansen, Birgit Bjerre Høyer, Bodil Hammer Bech, Tine Brink Henriksen, Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jørgensen, Jørn Olsen, Zeyan Liew
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2019)

Background: Maternal thyroid hormones are essential for fetal brain development in early gestation. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)—widespread and persistent pollutants—have been suggested to interfere with maternal thyroid hormones in the second or third trimesters, but evidence for an association in the early pregnancy period is sparse. Objectives: Our goal was to evaluate the gestational-week specific associations of maternal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) levels with plasma concentrations of six PFAS chemicals in the first and second pregnancy trimester. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using 1,366 maternal blood samples collected between gestational weeks (GWs) 5 and 19 (median, 8 gestational weeks) in the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) during 1996–2002. We estimated the percentage changes of serum TSH and fT4 levels according to concentrations (in nanograms per milliliter) of six PFAS chemicals modeled as per interquartile range (IQR) increase or by exposure quartiles. Moreover, we contrasted the estimated week-specific TSH or fT4 levels by PFAS quartile and estimated ORs for binary high or low TSH and fT4 status based on the week-specific distribution according to IQR increase of PFAS. Results: TSH levels followed a U-curve trend in early pregnancy with a nadir at GW10, whereas fT4 levels were less fluctuated in the samples. There were no apparent associations between any of the PFASs and changes of average TSH or fT4 levels in total samples. In gestational-week–specific analyses, we found that the estimated TSH values were higher among the highest perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluoroheptane sulfonate (PFHpS) quartiles compared with the lower quartiles from GW5 to GW10, but the difference became null or even reversed after GW10. For binary outcomes, perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) was associated with high fT4 status before GW10 [OR=1.46 (95% CI: 1.04, 2.05)]. Conclusions: We observed some gestational-week–specific associations between high exposure to several PFAS and TSH level in early gestations. Further research of the biology and the potential clinical impact regarding thyroid hormones disruptions in early pregnancy is needed. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5482
BCL-Xl Expression Is Druggable Biomarker Associated with a Poor Clinical Outcome in Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)
Authors: Juan J. Gu, Michael Vacaro, Kris Attwood, Cory Mavis, Pallawi Torka, Matthew J. Barth, Francisco J. Hernandez-Ilizaliturri
Journal: Blood (2019)
COMP-13. EARLY TUMOR VOLUME EVOLUTION ADAPTIVELY PREDICTS PATIENT-SPECIFIC RESPONSE AND PROGRESSION RISK TO RADIOTHERAPY, PEMBROLIZUMAB, AND BEVACIZUMAB IN RECURRENT HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA IN A PHASE I TRIAL
Authors: Daniel Glazar, Rene Brady, Rachel Howard, Daniel Grass, John Arrington, Michael Yu, Natarajan Raghunand, Solmaz Sahebjam, Heiko Enderling
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES We set out to predict response and progression risk in recurrent high-grade glioma patients treated with hypofractionated stereotactic radiation plus pembrolizumab and bevacizumab (NCT02313272). At present RANO criteria define progression as 25% increase in sum of the products of perpendicular diameters of enhancing lesions compared with the smallest tumor measurement (either at baseline or best response) or significant increase in T2/FLAIR non-enhancing lesion on stable or increasing doses of corticosteroids. To this extent, a predictive model is needed to adaptively learn and forecast individual response to therapy. We evaluate if early tumor volume evolution can train a mathematical model to predict subsequent response to therapy. MATERIALS/METHODS We develop a mathematical model that describes patient-uniform tumor growth rate and initial pembrolizumab and bevacizumab responses, and patient-specific treatment response dynamics. A total of 154 radiology scans were delineated to derive longitudinal tumor volumes of 26 patients. In a leave-one-out study, patient-uniform model parameters are derived and then applied to the left-out patient to adaptively learn treatment response dynamics to forecast tumor volume evolution and progression risk. Model prediction performance is evaluated based on classification accuracy, including sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS Patient-uniform glioma growth rate and initial treatment response rates are estimated to achieve acceptable fits to the longitudinal data of all untrained patients with R2 = 0.81 [0.75, 0.89]. Response dynamics are predicted with high accuracy (0.78 [0.76, 0.79]), with positive and negative predictive values of 0.90 [0.86, 0.92] and 0.81 [0.78, 0.86], and sensitivity and specificity of 0.71 [0.69, 0.73] and 0.88 [0.83, 0.91] respectively. CONCLUSIONS Two patient-specific parameters in a mathematical model can be adaptively learned from early tumor volume evolution to predict subsequent response to therapy and progression risk for individual patients. Future validation is required in an independent dataset and prospective evaluation in another clinical trial.
Mutational Landscape, Copy Number Alterations and Tumor Burden Assessed By Cell-Free DNA in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Alfredo Rivas-Delgado, Ferran Nadeu, Anna Enjuanes, Sebastián Casanueva, Laura Magnano, Natalia Castrejón de Anta, Jordina Rovira, Ivan Dlouhy, Pablo Mozas, Silvia Martín, Miguel Osuna, Tycho Baumann, Julio Delgado, Balagué Olga, Sílvia Beà, Neus Villamor, Xavier Setoain, Elías Campo, Eva Gine, Armando Lopez-Guillermo
Journal: Blood (2019)
Ivosidenib (AG-120) in Patients with IDH1-Mutant Relapsed/Refractory Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Updated Enrollment of a Phase 1 Dose Escalation and Expansion Study
Authors: James M. Foran, Courtney D. DiNardo, Justin M. Watts, Eytan M. Stein, Stephane De Botton, Amir T. Fathi, Gabrielle T. Prince, Anthony Stein, Richard M. Stone, Prapti A. Patel, Martin S. Tallman, Sung Choe, Hongfang Wang, Vickie Zhang, Bin Fan, Katharine E. Yen, Abdulafeez Oluyadi, Thomas Winkler, Denice Hickman, Samuel V. Agresta, Hua Liu, Bin Wu, Eyal C. Attar, Hagop M. Kantarjian
Journal: Blood (2019)
CBMT-42. A GENOME-WIDE CRISPR-Cas9 SCREEN FOR GENES REGULATING QUIESCENT-LIKE STATES IN GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: Heather Feldman, Anca Mihalas, Christopher Plaisier, Anoop Patel, Patrick Paddison
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract Current standard of care therapy for glioblastoma (GBM) includes cytoreduction followed by ablative therapies that target rapidly dividing cell types. However, non-cycling, quiescent-like states (G0 phase cells) are present in both normal tissue and tumors and play important roles in maintaining heterogeneity and cellular hierarchies. The presence of quiescent-like/G0 states therefore represents a natural reservoir of tumor cells that are resistant to current treatments. Quiescence or G0 phase is a reversible state of “stasis” cells enter in response to developmental or environmental cues. However, it remains largely unclear to what degree or by what mechanisms tumor cells enter into or exit from quiescent-like states. To gain insight into how glioblastoma cells might regulate G0-like states, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen in patient-derived GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) harboring a p27-mVenus reporter construct, which is stabilized when cells enter a G0-like state. By assaying p27 reporteractivity, we were able to identify sgRNAs enriched in p27hipopulations and, which upon retest, trigger a G0-like arrest in GSCs. Among the top screen hits were members of the Tip60/KAT5 histone acetyltransferase complex, including KAT5 itself. Remarkably, we show that downregulation of KAT5 in vitro and in vivo dramatically increases the pool of cells in G0-like states in GSC cultures and GSC-induced tumors. Using single cell RNA-sequencing, we show that this cell state is characterized by gene expression signatures similar to those found in non-dividing subpopulations of GBM tumors and quiescent neural stem cells. In addition, we perform in-depth molecular and phenotypic characterization of these induced G0-like states, including epigenetic and metabolic profiles. These suggest a key role for KAT5 in regulating genes related to protein synthesis. In summary, our results suggest that Tip60/KAT5 activity plays key roles in G0 ingress/egress for GBM tumors and may provide novel therapeutic opportunities.
Improving the measurement of victimisation-related inflammatory burden in young people: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Line Jee Hartmann Rasmussen, Terrie Edith Moffitt, Louise Arseneault, Andrea Danese, Jesper Eugen-Olsen, Helen Fisher, Hona Lee Harrington, Renate Houts, Timothy Matthews, Karen Sugden, Benjamin Williams, Avshalom Caspi
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2019)
The Opioid Crisis, Corporate Responsibility, and Lessons From the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement
Authors: Cheryl Healton, Robert Pack, Sandro Galea
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal