tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect of pretreatment patient characteristics on the allocation of treatment for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: D. M. Chase, S. Fedewa, A. Chen, E. Ward, W. R. Brewster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

6514 Background: While the standard treatment of advanced ovarian cancer is maximum cytoreductive surgery followed by adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy, some patients are treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) with or without surgery and others receive no therapy. The primary objective of this study was to identify pre-treatment characteristics associated with receipt of non-standard treatment. Methods: 11,155 patients with clinical stage recorded were selected from 25,784 patients diagnosed between 2003 and 2005 from the National Cancer Database, a registry sponsored by the American Cancer Society and the American College of Surgeons. Among the 11,155 patients, 9,015 were stage IIIC or IV. 383 (4.25%) were excluded due to missing treatment information leaving 8,632 patients for the analysis. Evaluable variables included demographics, health insurance, Charlson co-morbidity score, area-level income and facility characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess factors associated standard care versus suboptimal care. Results: In this cohort, 5,517 (63.91%) of patients received optimal treatment. In multivariate analyses, Uninsured and Medicaid-insured patients were less like likely to receive optimal treatment as compared to privately insured patients (OR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.46–0.73; OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.49–0.76, respectively). Blacks and Hispanics were also less likely receive optimal treatment (OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.50–0.72, OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.57–0.90, respectively) compared to whites. Patients with a Charlson comorbidity score of 1, 2, or 3 were also less likely to receive optimal care (OR = 0.84 95% CI 0.74–0.96; OR = 0.46 95% CI 0.34–0.62; OR = 0.27 95% CI 0.13–0.55, respectively). Treatment in a comprehensive cancer facility or teaching hospital compared to community cancer hospitals was associated with optimal treatment (OR = 1.28 95% CI 1.10–1.48; OR = 1.66 95% CI 1.43–1.93). Conclusions: In this large retrospective multi-institutional cohort, approximately one-third of patients with clinical stage III and IV ovarian cancer did not receive optimal treatment. Pretreatment patient characteristics, such as race, insurance status, age, medical cormorbidities, and facility-type, were strongly associated with suboptimal treatment. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burde
Authors: R Lozano, N Fullman, D Abate, S Abay, C Abbafati, N Abbasi, H Abbastabar, F Abd-Allah, J Abdela, A Abdelalim
Journal: The Lancet (2018)
Abstract 454: Oxidative Stress Mediated Myocardial Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling
Authors: Manikandan Panchatcharam, Mini Chandra, Diana Escalante-Alcalde, Anthony W Orr, Christopher Kevil, Shenuarin Bhuiyan, Joseph C Wu, Kevin McCarthy, Sumitra Miriyala
Journal: Circulation Research (2017)

The bioactive lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) plays a well-known role in atherosclerotic disease, whereas, its role in myocardial function remains virtually unexplored. Following acute myocardial infarction, serum LPA concentration rises by six-fold over control human subjects, suggesting LPA may contribute to the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. LPA production involves hydrolysis of lysophosphatidylcholine by the secreted enzyme autotaxin, whereas lipid phosphate phosphatase-3 (LPP3) catalyzes LPA dephosphorylation to generate lipid products that are not receptor active. We present the first evidence that cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury enhances myocardial autotaxin levels and decreases myocardial LPP3 expression, and this is associated with increased serum LPA levels. Upon reperfusion, reactive oxygen species production arises as a burst of superoxide from mitochondria following I/R injury. The redox-sensitive transcription factor NFAT has been shown to bind to the autotaxin promoter and induce its expression. Therefore, we looked at the autotaxin and LPP3 regulation in mice following I/R injury in the myocardium. After 1h ligation followed by 3h reperfusion in the myocardium, we observed a 3 fold increase in the autotaxin protein levels, whereas LPP3 protein levels were significantly downregulated as observed through Western blot analysis in these myocardial ischemic tissues. Autotaxin and miR-92a mRNA expression levels were significantly upregulated, whereas KLF2 and LPP3 mRNA expressions were significantly downregulated following I/R injury at 24 hours. Western blot analysis showed a 3 fold increase autotaxin protein levels and immunohistochemistry of human infarct tissues at 24 hours showed disruption of the sarcomere with decreased LPP3 staining. We found that I/R injury transactivates miR-92a, and inhibit KLF2, an upstream activator of LPP3. Taken together, our in vivo data, from the myocardial I/R injury and human infarct tissues, suggest that regulation of autotaxin and LPP3 activity might cause the rise in serum LPA levels as reported with acute myocardial infarct patients.
In vitro toxicity of particulate matter derived from biomass cook stoves used in developing countries
Authors: O. Uski, Gregory Rankin, R. Lindgren, N. Lopez, Anders Blomberg, Ala Muala, Jenny A. Bosson, T. Sandström
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2018)

In vitro toxicity of particulate matter derived from biomass cook stoves used in developing countries
Role of palliative care department in modifying ICU admissions for patients with advanced cancer: A study.
Authors: Rakesh - ROY
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e19517 Background: Admission of cancer patients are on the rise in the Intensive Care Unit due to advancement in healthcare facilities. But limited number of ICU beds, health resources and lack of structured Palliative Care services are a matter of concern. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in an Indian tertiary cancer centre from Jan – Jun 2010 to find out total number and cause of ICU admission of advanced cancer patients when a Palliative Care Department did not exist. Information source were case files and interviews after appropriate consent. Exclusion criteria - age &lt; 18 years, post operative care, complications arising from a major surgery, established oncological emergencies, patients with curative intent. With a 24 hr Palliative Care department under operation from Aug 2010 - another similar study was performed from Jan – Jun 2011. Results: Jan – Jun 2010: Total admissions 542. 297 patients matched the exclusion criteria. Of the remaining 245 patients (45.2%) considered for the study 35 patients (14.2%) died. 11 patients (4.4%) were put on ventilator. Average occupancy of bed 5 days. Commonest cause was respiratory distress. Review of the case notes revealed 54 patients (22%) were admitted due to lack of Palliative Care service. Study was repeated from Jan – Jun 2011 after the initiation of a Palliative care Department from Aug 2010. Out of 487 patients, 195 patients (40%) were considered for study. 18 (9.2%) died. 6 patients (3%) were put on ventilator. The average duration of stay was 4 days. Components of Palliative Care like good communication, early consent from patients as to where they wish to die, do not resuscitate policy for some patients in the background of ethical issues, 24 hour Palliative care service, emergency helpline, home based care, good psychological counselling etc were identified as the key reasons for reduced admissions. Conclusions: Effective round the clock Palliative care service can increase ICU bed turnover, reduce misery of the patients and their family members, save resources, giving patients with longer survival chances a hope to live longer.
Darbepoetin alfa for treating anemia in low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome patients: Interim results after 27/28 weeks
Authors: R. Paquette, J. Gabrilove, R. Lyons, C. Mushtaq, M. Sekeres, H. Lam, L. Dreiling
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

6564 Background: Patients (pts) with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) disorders often develop anemia, resulting in increased transfusions and fatigue. Using the erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) epoetin alfa to treat anemia in low-risk MDS pts results in an average response rate of 30% (40% when used with G-CSF). Pilot studies suggest that 150 or 300 mcg/week (wk) darbepoetin alfa (DA) can raise hemoglobin (Hb) levels in anemic MDS pts. Methods: This fully enrolled (n = 209), phase 2, single-arm, 52-wk ongoing study is examining DA 500 mcg every 3 weeks (Q3W) for treating anemic pts (Hb ≤ 11 g/dL) with low- or intermediate-risk MDS (IPSS definition). The study’s primary endpoint is the proportion of pts achieving an erythroid response by 13 wks. Other endpoints include the proportion of pts achieving an erythroid response by 27/28 wks and change in both Hb levels and FACT-F scores. Results are stratified by whether pts received ESA therapy before enrollment: ESA-naïve (ESA-N) vs ESA-treated (ESA-T). Results: Previous interim data suggested that low-risk MDS pts can achieve a major erythroid response after 13 wks of DA 500 mcg Q3W. This is the first reported summary of results from a planned interim analysis after 27/28 wks of treatment (n = 129). Of 84 ESA-N pts, 51% were men, 86% were white, and the average (SD) age was 74.1 (9.7) years; the 45 ESA-T pts had similar demographics. During 27/28 wks of treatment, a majority of pts achieved a major erythroid response. ESA-N pts had a mean (SD) 1.2 (1.4) g/dL rise in Hb levels from BL and a clinically significant increase in FACT-F score from BL ( Table ). Of the 129 pts analyzed after 27/28 wks, 83% reported an adverse event (AE) and none reported serious treatment-related AEs or thrombotic events (of 189 pts analyzed after 13 wks, 1 pt reported a serious treatment-related AE). Conclusions: These interim results suggest that DA 500 mcg Q3W is well tolerated and can raise Hb levels in anemic, low-risk MDS pts. Final 27/28-wk data from all enrolled pts (n = 209) will be shown. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Whole-Exome and mRNA Sequencing of Multiple Myeloma Reveal Transformation to a More High-Risk and Proliferative Tumor at Relapse
Authors: Kristine Misund, Davine Hofste Op Bruinink, Eivind Coward, Remco Hoogenboezem, Even H Rustad, Eivind Hovig, Anders Sundan, Ola Myklebost, Pieter Sonneveld, Anders Waage
Journal: Blood (2018)
Gene-expression profile of primary non-small cell lung cancer associated with brain metastasis: A prospective study.
Authors: Oscar Arrieta, David Saavedra-Perez, Alette Ortega, Claudia Rangel, Alejandro Aviles-Salas, Diego G Zavala, Gabriela Mercado, Jaime G. De La Garza
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e18028 Background: Brain metastases (BM) occur in 30-50% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and confer worse prognosis and quality of life. Better selection of in-risk patients through an accurate biomarker could improve the benefit of prophylactic therapies. The aim of this prospective study was to determine a gene-expression profile (GEP) of primary tumor (PT) associated with BM in patients with advanced NSCLC. Methods: From January 2009 to June 2011, patients with stage IV of NSCLC were evaluated. PT core biopsy was performed prior to any treatment and snap-frozen. Samples with tumor cellularity &gt; 70% and RNA integrity number &gt; 8 were chosen for RNA isolation. A cDNA microarray platform representing 33,297 genes was used to obtain GEPs. All patients received standard chemotherapy. BM were confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. Non- and supervised hierarchical clustering methods were employed to identify GEPs. Results: A total of 29 patients were enrolled, 79.4% (23/29) were adenocarcinomas, and 20.6% have other histology. BM were present in 15 (51.7%) patients, 14 at diagnosis and 1 was developed at 5 months of follow-up. Clinical characteristics were similar for patients with and without BM. At non- and supervised analyses, 35 genes up and down regulated were evidenced in BM group. From these, 11 transcripts with proteomic functions previously associated with metastasis processes were identified. Conclusions: Our work provides valuable biological information for development of predictive biomarkers for metastatic brain tumors from primary NSCLC. External validation of our gene-expression signature in a different set of patients is warranted. [Table: see text]
Biochemical survival and morbidity of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) as a primary monotherapy for low-risk localized prostate cancer: Outcomes from the @-registry following the ENLIGHT trial inclusion criteria.
Authors: Cary N. Robertson, John Francis Ward, Sebastien Crouzet, Stephen CW Brown, Victor Berge, Christian G Chaussy, Roman Ganzer, Antonello Paulsau, Albert Gelet, Stefan Thueroff, Andreas Blana
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e15194 Background: Prostate Cancer (PCa) HIFU (Ablatherm, EDAP-TMS, Lyon, France) is currently under investigation in the US. This study reports biochemical, biopsy and morbidity outcomes for a population of low risk localized PCa patients meeting ENLIGHT FDA trial inclusion criteria. These data were accrued from European HIFU centers using an online HIFU database (@-Registry) . Methods: The patient’s selection criteria for this study were: low risk prostate cancer patients (T1c to T2a, PSA&lt;10ng/ml, Gleason≤6), with a prostate A-P diameter and volume of &lt;25mm and &lt;40cc, and no pre-treatment hormone therapy. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to determine biochemical survival with failure defined as the Phoenix definition (PSA nadir+2). Morbidity data, need for salvage treatment and biopsy data were analyzed. Results: From 12 European centers, 358 men met the inclusion criteria. The baseline mean age, PSA and median Gleason sum were 69.7±6.4 years, 5.8±2.4 ng/ml and 6, respectively. Stage was 65.9% T1c and 34.1% T2a. Patients were followed for 6.6±3.1 years (range: 0.6 to 18 years). Median PSA nadir was 0.09 which was reached 13.9±10.7 weeks after HIFU. The salvage treatment rate was 8.7%, and the negative biopsy rate was 90.2% Actuarial BDFS at 5 and 10 years was 87% and 73% respectively. The morbidity data identified GradeI, II and III stress incontinence in 12.3%, 4.5% and 1.7% of the population, respectively. The Bladder Outlet Obstruction rate was 20.7% (urinary retention, urethral stenosis ). Urethro-rectal fistula was not observed. Conclusions: HIFU achieved good biochemical control at 10 years of follow-up for low riskPCa patients and negative biopsy rates were high. HIFU demonstrated an acceptable morbidity, especially with the lack of any serious events(specifically fistula). Bladder Outlet Obstruction was the most bothersome adverse event. HIFU appears as a valuable and safe therapy for long term low risk PCa treatment.
Use of a supramolecular polymeric hydrogel as an effective post-operative pericardial adhesion barrier
Authors: Lyndsay M. Stapleton, Amanda N. Steele, Hanjay Wang, Hector Lopez Hernandez, Anthony C. Yu, Michael J. Paulsen, Anton A. A. Smith, Gillie A. Roth, Akshara D. Thakore, Haley J. Lucian, Kailey P. Totherow, Sam W. Baker, Yuko Tada, Justin M. Farry, Anahita Eskandari, Camille E. Hironaka, Kevin J. Jaatinen, Kiah M. Williams, Hunter Bergamasco, Clifton Marschel, Blaine Chadwick, Frederick Grady, Michael Ma, Eric A. Appel, Y. Joseph Woo
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2019)
Ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL)-outcomes for 82 patients (pts) treated at a single center.
Authors: Craig Anthony Portell, Mary E Aronow, Lisa A. Rybicki, Arun D Singh, John W. Sweetenham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

8071 Background: OALs comprise 1-2% of NHL and are extranodal marginal zone (EMZL) in 80% of cases. We present a retrospective review of 82 pts with OAL managed at the Cleveland Clinic between January 2004 and November 2011. Methods: 82 pts with NHL of the OA were identified. All biopsies were performed/reviewed at the Cleveland Clinic. Survival and relapse were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Risk factors for relapse and survival were identified using Cox proportional hazards analysis. Risk factors included age at diagnosis (dx), gender, prior autoimmune disease, prior lymphoma history (hx), hx of other malignancy, bilateral disease, and ocular disease site. Results: The table lists pt characteristics. Median follow-up was 25.8 months (range 0.3-307.4). Age at dx (HR=1.45, CI 1.04-2.02) and prior lymphoma hx (HR=3.35, CI 1.33-8.46) were predictive of relapse in a multivariate analysis. There was no difference in relapse rates between pts with EMZL and other lymphoma types (p=0.82). Relapse occurred in 26 (31.7%) pts with most common sites being ipsilateral eye (n=8), contralateral eye (n=3), distant lymph node (n=11), and other organs (n=11). Most common organ was breast (n=4). Of the 10 pts who had eye-only relapses, 8 received rituximab (R) and 2 were observed. Of the 16 with extraocular relapse, 9 received radiation (RT), 2 received R, 3 received other therapies, and 2 were observed. 7 deaths were recorded with a 5 year overall survival of 84.2%. Survival was similar to a matched healthy population (p=0.69). Causes of death were lymphoma in 4, another cancer in 1, and unknown in 2. Conclusions: OAL relapse patterns differ depending on initial treatment. Initial RT was more likely to relapse at distant sites; where as initial R was more likely to relapse in the OA. RT should be used for localized OAL. With bilateral ocular or systemic disease, R results in a high rate of long-term disease control. [Table: see text]
Chromosomal Instability in Tumor Initiation and Development
Authors: Duc-Hiep Bach, Wei Zhang, Anil K. Sood
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is one of the major forms of genomic instability in various human cancers and is recognized as a common hallmark of tumorigenesis and heterogeneity. However, some malignant tumors show a paucity of chromosomal alterations, suggesting that tumor progression and evolution can occur in the absence of CIN. It is unclear whether CIN is stable between precursor lesions, primary tumor, and metastases or if it evolves during these steps. In this review, we describe the influence of CIN on the various steps in tumor initiation and development. Given the recognized significant effects of CIN in cancer, CIN-targeted therapeutics could have a major impact on improving clinical outcomes.
Abstract 10673: Early Diastolic Strain Rate Predicts Response to Heart Failure Therapy in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Bjoern Goebel, Kristina Haugaa, Kathleen Meyer, Sylvia Otto, Christian Jung, Gerhard Mall, Hans R Figulla, Thor Edvardsen, Tudor C Poerner
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Objective: The aim of this prospective study was to assess the value of speckle tracking echocardiographic (2D-STE) parameters to predict response to heart failure therapy in patients with dilated ...
Cost saving of switching to equivalent inhalers and its effect on health outcomes
Authors: Chloe I Bloom, Ian Douglas, Jack Olney, Grainne D'Ancona, Liam Smeeth, Jennifer K Quint
Journal: Thorax (2019)

Background Switching inhalers to cheaper equivalent products is often advocated as a necessary cost saving measure, yet the impact on patient’s health and healthcare utilisation has not been measured. Methods We identified asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients from UK primary care electronic healthcare records between 2000 and 2016. A self-controlled case series was used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR); comparing outcome rates during the risk period, 3 months after the exposure (financially motivated switch), and control periods (preswitch and postrisk period). Four outcomes were assessed: disease exacerbation, general practitioner consultation, non-specific respiratory events and adverse-medication events. Medication possession ratio (MPR) was calculated to assess adherence. 2017 National Health Service indicative prices were used to estimate cost differences per equivalent dose. Results We identified a cohort of 569 901 asthma and 171 231 COPD regular inhaler users, 2% and 6% had been switched, respectively. Inhaler switches between a brand-to-generic inhaler, and all other switches (brand-to-brand, generic-to-generic, generic-to-brand), were associated with reduced exacerbations (brand-to-generic: IRR=0.75, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.88; all other: IRR=0.79, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.88). Gender, age, therapeutic class, inhaler device and inhaler-technique checks did not significantly modify this association (p&lt;0.05). The rate of consultations, respiratory-events and adverse-medication events did not change significantly (consultations: IRR=1.00, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.01; respiratory-events: IRR=0.96, 95% CI 0.95 to 0.97; adverse-medication-events: IRR=1.05, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.15). Adherence significantly increased post-switch (median MPR: pre-switch=54%, post-switch=62%; p&lt;0.001). Switching patients, in the cohort of regular inhaler users, to the cheapest equivalent inhaler, could have saved around £6 million annually. Conclusion Switching to an equivalent inhaler in patients with asthma or COPD appeared safe and did not negatively affect patient’s health or healthcare utilisation.
Mast cells drive IgE-mediated disease but might be bystanders in many other inflammatory and neoplastic conditions
Authors: Marcus Maurer, Christian Taube, Nicolas W.J. Schröder, Jörg Ebmeyer, Frank Siebenhaar, Astrid Geldmacher, Nadja Schubert, Axel Roers
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)
Benefit of Cisplatin With Definitive Radiotherapy in Older Women With Cervical Cancer
Authors: Michael Xiang, Elizabeth A. Kidd
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2019)

Cisplatin with definitive radiotherapy (RT) is considered the standard of care for cervical cancer; however, older women are frequently undertreated and have worse outcomes compared with younger patients. Because women aged ≥65 years have been disproportionately underrepresented in clinical trials, uncertainties exist regarding how much they benefit from the addition of cisplatin to RT.Women aged ≥65 years with nonmetastatic cervical cancer treated with definitive external-beam RT and brachytherapy were identified in the SEER-Medicare database. Death attributable to cervical cancer (cancer-specific mortality [CSM]) was evaluated against competing risks of death using Gray's test. Propensity score analysis and the Fine-Gray multivariable regression model were used to adjust for baseline differences, including comorbidity.The total cohort comprised 826 patients, of whom 531 (64%) received cisplatin, 233 (28%) were FIGO stage I, 374 (45%) were stage II, and 219 (27%) were stage III-IVA. Older age and chronic kidney disease significantly predicted omission of cisplatin. Virtually all cisplatin dosing was weekly, with a median of 5 cycles. Death from cervical cancer was significantly lower with cisplatin than without (5-year CSM, 31% vs 39%; P=.02; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.72; P=.02), which persisted in propensity score analysis. Receiving ≥5 cycles was required for benefit, as no difference in CSM was seen in patients receiving 1 to 4 cycles versus no cisplatin. Subgroup analyses revealed that the benefit of cisplatin persisted in women aged ≥75 years and those with early-stage disease. Incidence of cytopenia, nausea/vomiting, and hypovolemia increased in patients treated with cisplatin.Administration of cisplatin with definitive RT in women aged ≥65 years was associated with a significant benefit in the incidence of death attributable to cervical cancer, despite competing risks for mortality in an older population. Receiving at least 5 cycles of weekly cisplatin was required for benefit.