tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Deaths from Fall-Related Traumatic Brain Injury — United States, 2008–2017
Authors: Alexis B. Peterson, Scott R. Kegler
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

One in 10 U.S. residents aged ≥18 years reports falling each year (1). Among all age groups, falls can cause serious injury and are the second leading cause of traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related deaths (2). TBI is a head injury caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or body or a penetrating head injury that results in disruption of normal brain function.* CDC estimated national and state-specific rates and trends for TBI-related deaths (TBI deaths) caused by unintentional falls (fall-related TBI deaths) among U.S. residents during 2008-2017, by selected decedent characteristics. The national age-adjusted rate of fall-related TBI deaths increased by 17% from 2008 to 2017. Rate trends at the national level increased significantly for nearly all decedent characteristics, with the most notable increases observed among persons living in noncore (i.e., most rural), nonmetropolitan counties and those aged ≥75 years. Analysis of state-specific rate trends determined that rates of fall-related TBI deaths increased significantly in 29 states over the 10-year study period. A fall can happen to anyone of any age, but falls are preventable. Health care providers and the public need to be aware of evidence-based strategies to prevent falls, given that rates of fall-related TBI deaths are increasing. Health care providers can educate patients on fall and TBI prevention, assess their risk for falls, and when needed, encourage participation in appropriate evidence-based fall prevention programs.†.
The Role of Ca2+/NFAT in Dysfunction and Inflammation in Human Coronary Endothelial Cells Induced by Sera from Kawasaki Disease Patients
Authors: Ying Wang, Jian Hu, Jingjing Liu, Zhimin Geng, Yijing Tao, Fenglei Zheng, Yujia Wang, Songling Fu, Wei Wang, Chunhong Xie, Yiying Zhang, Fangqi Gong
Journal: Metabolism (2020)
Abstract 16291: The Frequency of Neoatherosclerosis With ISR Dramatically Decreased in the Second-Generation and the Third-Generation DES Compared With First-Generation DES
Authors: Akito Kawamura, Kouhei Ukita, Kyousuke Yanagawa, Motoki Yasunaga, Yutaka Matsuhiro, Hitoshi Nakamura, Kouzi Yasumoto, Keisuke Yasumura, Akihiro Tanaka, Yasuharu Matsunaga, Daisuke Nakamura, Masamichi Yano, Masaki Yamato, Yasuyuki Egami, Ryu Syutta, Masami Nishino, Zyun Tanouchi
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Several randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that drug-eluting stents (DES) dramatically improve angiographic restenosis and the incidence of repeat revascularization. However, ...
Abstract P354: Percent of Americans Meeting Food Group Recommendations and Top Food Sources of Key Nutrients in the American Diet
Authors: Jessica D Smith, Yong Zhu, Vipra Vanage, Neha Jain, Norton Holschuh
Journal: Circulation (2020)

The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends consumption of a healthy dietary pattern that includes nutrient-dense vegetables, fruits, whole grains, dairy, protein foods, and oils. However, many Americans are falling short on consuming the recommended amount of these food groups and greater disparities may exist within certain sociodemographic groups. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine where Americans were falling short in intake of food groups when stratified by sociodemographic characteristics and to determine which foods in the American diet were the top sources of whole grains and nutrients of public health concern (calcium, vitamin D, potassium, fiber and iron [for women and adolescent girls of childbearing age]). Methods: Data on consumption of food groups for Americans 2 years and older (excluding pregnant and lactating women; n=7,814) were taken from the Food Patterns Equivalent Database (FPED) 2015-2016. Usual intake of food groups was calculated based on 2 24-hr recalls using the National Cancer Institute method and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study weights. Top food sources of nutrients in the diet were calculated using NHANES 2015-2016 day 1 24-hr dietary recall data and foods were grouped according to the What We Eat in America categorization. Results: Over half of Americans 2 years and older met the intake recommendations for protein foods, oils, and total grains; however, far fewer met the recommendations for vegetables (12%), fruits (15%), whole grains (1%), or dairy (8%) intake. Patterns were similar across age groups although children and older adults were generally more likely to meet recommendations than adolescents and younger adults. Compared to men and boys, women and girls were more likely to meet recommendations for vegetables (14% vs 9%) and fruits (17% vs. 13%), and less likely to meet recommendations for total grains (50% vs 62%), dairy (5% vs 12%) and protein foods (43% vs 62%). The percent meeting recommendations for fruits, vegetables, whole grains and dairy remained low across racial/ethnic groups. Milk, ready-to-eat cereals, pizza, sandwiches, and breads were among the top sources of whole grains and the nutrients of public health concern for children. For adults, key foods included breads, ready-to-eat cereals, milk, and Mexican mixed dishes. Conclusion: Shifts in dietary patterns are needed to meet current recommendations across all age, gender, and racial/ethnic groups in the U.S. Increasing the intake of key foods such as milk, ready-to-eat cereal, bread and mixed dishes may help Americans increase intake of under-consumed food groups and nutrients.
Abstract P495: Trends in Physical Activity Among US Older Adults With Heart Failure 2007-2016
Authors: Fan Ye, Li Zhou, Joseph Yeboah, Peter H Brubaker, Alain G Bertoni
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a growing public health problem which is the leading cause of hospitalization. About half of people who develop HF die within 5 years of diagnosis. Recent evidence suggests that physical inactivity may be an important risk for HF. However, the importance of physical activity in the prevention and treatment have not been adequately recognized. Self-reported physical activity can provide insights into the impact of lifestyle behaviors on mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between physical activity and HF in a nationally representative sample of United States (US) adults. Methods: The 2007-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data collection cycles were used for this analysis. Participants aged 65 and older with HF were defined as those who answered “yes” to the question: “Has a doctor or other health professional ever told you that you had congestive HF?” Frequency and duration of self-reported moderate-intensity (“Days moderate recreational activities” and “Minutes moderate recreational activities”) and vigorous-intensity Days vigorous recreational activities” and “Minutes vigorous recreational activities”) physical activity were collected through questionnaires as well in all data cycles. We used 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans Older Adults, which recommended that most older adults (age≥65 years) participate in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per week as our cut-off points for calculating moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Results: Between 2007-2008 and 2015-2016, the percentage of US adults ≥65 years with HF increased from 2.76% to 3.69% (p=0.04). Although a similar percentage of participants who met the criteria of at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity per week was noted in both groups from 2007 to 2016 (on average, HF: 56.9% vs. HF-free: 56.7%, respectively, p&gt;0.05), more HF-free participants reported at least 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity recreational activities per week compared to HF participants in each calendar year (82.8% vs. 66.7%, 85.0% vs. 70.0%, 83.5% vs. 55.0%, 87.0% vs.75%, 85.2% vs. 63.6%, respectively, p&lt;0.01). Additionally, among those who reported activities, older adults with HF were less than 20 times as likely to report moderate or vigorous recreational activities compared to those without HF. Conclusions: Our findings illustrate lower self-reported physical recreational activities, especially vigorous activities, in older participants who report a diagnosis of HF and more participants without HF report vigorous-intensity recreational activities. Future study should focus on understanding the physical limitations of HF patients, which is paramount in developing cardiac rehabilitation strategies to improve their function capacity.
Abstract P316: Sleep Timing Correlates With Incident Congestive Heart Failure: A Community-based Cohort Study
Authors: Bin Yan, Ruohan Li, Xuting Jin, Ya Gao, Jingjing Zhang, Jiamei Li, Gang Wang
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Previous studies have suggested that sleep habits were associated with cardiovascular risk factors. However, there is no evidence about the relationship between sleep timing and congestive heart failure (CHF). Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that the bedtime and wake-up time on weekday and weekend may be associated with incident CHF. Methods: From the Sleep Heart Health Study (registration number, NCT00005275), participants without previous heart failure were enrolled in the present prospective study. Sleep timing including bedtime and wake-up time on weekday and weekend was acquired from a self-reported Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Bedtime on weekdays and weekend was divided into &gt;24:00, 23:01 to 24:00, 22:01 to 23:00 and ≤22:00. Wake-up time on weekdays and weekend was classified as &gt;8:00, 7:01 to 8:00, 6:01 to 7:00 and ≤6:00. Further subgroup analysis was conducted according to sleep duration of &lt;6h, 6-8h and &gt;8h. Participants were followed up until the first CHF diagnosed between the date of the completed questionnaire and the final censoring date. Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the association between sleep timing and CHF. Results: A total of 4765 participants including 2207 males and 2558 females with a mean age of 63.6±11.0 years were recruited in the study. During the mean follow-up period of 11 years, 519 participants were diagnosed with CHF. The incidence of CHF in participants with weekday bedtime at &gt;24:00 was 15.6% (69 of 441), which is higher than those with bedtime at 23:01 to 24:00 [12.7% (166 of 1306)], 22:01 to 23:00 [7.0% (128 of 1837)], and ≤22:00 [13.2% (156 of 1181)]. Participants with wake-up time on weekday at &gt; 8:00 also had the highest incidence of CHF [19.7% (45 of 229)] than those with wake-up time at 7:01 to 8:00 [14.2% (89 of 627)], 6:01 to 7:00 [11.5% (171 of 1485)], and ≤6:00 [8.8% (214 of 2424)]. After multivariate Cox regression analyses, individuals with bedtime at &gt;24:00 on weekdays was associated with a higher incidence of CHF (HR 1.559, 95% CI 1.151-2.113, P = 0.004) than those with bedtime at 22:01 to 23:00. And compared with participants with wake-up time at ≤6:00, those with wake-up time at &gt; 8:00 also had an increased risk of incident CHF (HR 1.525, 95% CI 1.074-2.166, P =0.018). After further subgroup analysis, the association between bedtime at &gt;24:00 on weekdays and incident CHF were strengthened in the participants with 6-8 hours’ sleep duration (HR 2.087, 95% CI 1.446-3.013, P &lt;0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, late bedtime (&gt;24:00) and late wake-up time (&gt;8:00) on weekdays may correlate with an increased risk of CHF. The impact of sleep timing on incident cardiovascular diseases may be worth further prospective study.
Abstract P112: Thirty-year Trends in the Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Kunali P Ghelani, Lin Yee Y Chen, Faye L Norby, Elsayed Z SOLIMAN, Silvia Koton, Alvaro Alonso
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Objective: To evaluate the 30-year trends in the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort and identify race and sex differences in these trends. Background: Long-term data to study recent trends in the incidence of AF, overall and across sex and race groups, are scarce. Methods: We included 15,343 men and women aged 45 to 65 in 1987-89 without AF from 4 US communities in the ARIC cohort. Incident AF was identified based on study electrocardiograms, hospital discharge codes, and death certificates through 2017. We calculated age and time-period specific incidence rates (IR) of AF. We used Poisson regression to calculate IR ratios of AF over time adjusting for age, sex and race. Results: A total of 3,241 AF cases were identified during a mean (SD) follow up of 22 (8.4) years (599 in African Americans, 2642 in whites, 1582 in women, 1659 in men). Overall, the IR of AF in the ARIC cohort was 9.6 per 1000 person-years (6.9 in African American, 10.5 in whites, 8.1 in women, and 11.6 in men). Age-specific IR by time-period did not show significant changes over time (Figure). In a model adjusted for sex, race, and age group, the rate of AF did not change over time from 1987-1991 to 2012-2017 (IR ratio=1.10, 95% CI = 0.89-1.36 comparing 2012-2017 to 1987-1991). Similarly, no evidence of changes over time in AF rates were identified in men or women, whites or African Americans separately. Conclusions: Even though the incident rates of AF increase as age increases, our analysis provided evidence suggesting that the overall rates of AF have not changed over time in a multicenter cohort of African American and white individuals in the US from 1987 to 2017.
Correlation of gefitinib efficacy and detection of new EGFR mutation variants in pre-treated patients (pts) with advanced non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: A. Pallis, A. Voutsina, A. Kalikaki, A. Koutsopoulos, J. Souglakos, C. Christophylakis, N. Kentepozidis, S. Giassas, D. Mavroudis, V. Georgoulias
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

18062 Background: The efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of EGFR is associated with well characterized mutations on the exons 18, 19 and 21 of EGFR gene. Less common mutations could be detected in these exons but their relationship with the clinical efficacy of TKIs has not been established yet. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from microdissected formalin-fixed paraffin-embeded tumor tissue from 86 pts enrolled in a gefitinib expanded access program. Exons 18, 19 and 21 were amplified and subjected to direct sequencing. Results: Classical EGFR mutations (CM) were detected in 9 (10.4%) pts and other mutations variants (MV) in 19 (22%) pts. Eight (42.1%) MV were observed in exon 18, 3 (15.8%) in exon 19 and 8 (42.1%) in exon 21. Tumor Growth Control (TGC) was achieved in 88.9% (3PR and 5SD) pts with CM, 63% (2PR and 10SD) pts with MV and in 45.9% (3PR and 25SD) pts with wild type EGFR gene (WT). There was no clear association between the presence of EGFR MV and the sex, histology or smoking history. The median TTP was 64 weeks (range:4- 80+), 20 weeks (range:6–140) and 16 weeks (range:4–176+) in pts with CM, MV and WT, respectively. Nine (47.3%) pts with EGFR MV had a TTP &gt;24 weeks. The median survival was 78 weeks (range:5–94+), 70 weeks (range:10–142) and 36 weeks (range:4–176+) in pts with CM, MV and WT, respectively. Three patients bearing mutations in exons 18, 19, and 21 progressed despite gefitinib treatment suggesting that these mutations could be related to resistance to gefitinib. Conclusions: EGFR mutation variants could be associated with response or resistance to TKIs but their low incidence requires their evaluation in a largest cohort of patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 19271: The Impact of Patent Foramen Ovale in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Lauren A Sharan, Katherine Stackhouse, Jordan Awerbach, Thomas M Bashore, Richard A Krasuski
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Septostomy is an accepted treatment in advanced pulmonary hypertension (PH), reducing right ventricular (RV) work-load at the expense of cyanosis. Patent foramen ovale (PFO), present ...
Prognostic significance of p53/p21 expression in DLBCL treated with CHOP or R-CHOP: A correlative study of E4494
Authors: V. Aurora, S. Li, S. J. Horning, D. Variakojis, B. P. Nelson, M. Krajewska, T. M. Habermann, R. I. Fisher, R. D. Gascoyne, J. N. Winter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

8038 Background: P21 is a downstream effector protein of p53 that induces cell cycle arrest by inhibiting cyclin/cyclin dependent kinase (cdK) complexes. In this prospective correlative study, we investigated the prognostic significance of p21, p53, Bcl-6, and Bcl-2 in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in the context of E4494, a randomized trial comparing conventional CHOP to rituximab(R)-CHOP induction, and maintenance R (MR) to observation for responding patients. Methods: Protein expression was quantified by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of 198 DLBCL paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens and scored by an expert panel of hematopathologists. Results: No differences in the distribution of patient characteristics were detected between p21+ and p21- cases and between p53+ and p53- cases as well as across treatment arms. Among all study patients, there were no differences in clinical outcomes between p21+ and p21- cases. However, when analyzed by induction arm (removing the effect of MR), R-CHOP patients had marginally better FFS (p=0.06) if p21+; among CHOP-treated patients, p21 status had no effect on outcome. For R-CHOP patients but NOT CHOP patients, p21+ was an independent, favorable prognostic factor after adjusting for Bcl-6, IPI and Bcl-2 in multivariate analysis (FFS relative risk 0.3; p=0.003; OS relative risk 0.4; p=0.02). P21+ patients treated with R-CHOP had higher %FFS at 5 years compared to p21+ patients treated with CHOP (61 ± 7% vs. 24 ± 7%; p=0.007) but p21- R-CHOP and CHOP patients had similar FFS (37 ± 7% vs. 35 ± 7%; p=0.64). P53 staining (+ scored as either &gt;20% or 50%) did not predict for FFS or OS in uni- or multivariate analyses. The p53+/p21- phenotype, a possible surrogate for mutated p53, was not prognostic. Further, no significant correlation was seen between p53 and p21 expression by IHC. Conclusions: These data suggest that p21 expression by IHC predicts for favorable outcome in older DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP but not in those treated with CHOP. Furthermore, p21+ identifies patients who benefit from the addition of rituximab to CHOP. Complex interactions between p53, p21, and Bcl-6, as well as other unknown pathways, may account for this treatment-related effect and should be further investigated. [Table: see text]
A phase II trial of gefitinib in recurrent and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma pretreated with platinum-based chemotherapy
Authors: D. T. Chua, J. Sham, G. Au
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

6042 Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is commonly expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and strong EGFR expression appears to correlate with poor survival. Gefitinib, a small-molecule inhibitor of the EGFR tyrosine kinase, has been shown to inhibit the growth of NPC cell lines. Methods: Nineteen patients with recurrent or metastatic NPC were recruited into the study. Eligibility criteria included: radiographic progression of disease, ECOG PS &lt; 2, 1 or more prior platinum-based chemotherapy regimens, normal organ function. Fifteen patients were treated for first relapse, 3 for second relapse, and 1 for third relapse. Local disease was present in 8, nodal disease in 3, and distant metastases in 14. All patients had previously received platinum-based chemotherapy as adjuvant and/or palliative treatments, and 89.5% had 2 or more regimens. Patients received gefitinib 250 mg po daily. Median treatment duration was 10 weeks and median follow-up time was 9 months. Results: Minor response was observed in 2 patients treated for advanced local recurrence. There were no complete or partial responders. Seven patients had stable disease and 12 had progressive disease. Median time to progression was 4 months and median survival was 14 months. Progression-free rate at 6 months was 22% and 1-year survival rate was 70%. Treatment was generally well tolerated and only grade 1–2 adverse events were observed, with acneiform rash (68.5%), fatigue (36.9%), diarrhea (31.6%), and anorexia (31.6%) most common. In 15 patients with symptoms related to NPC, 5 reported improvement, 5 reported no changes, and 5 reported worsening during gefitinib treatment. Conclusions: Gefitinib has little activity in terms of response rate in recurrent and metastatic NPC, although disease stabilization and symptomatic improvement were observed in some patients. Evaluation of markers of EGFR pathway on tumor tissue is currently being performed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract P300: C-reactive Protein and Racial Differences in Type 2 Diabetes Incidence: Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS)
Authors: Kaitlyn M Peper, Boyi Guo, Leann Long, George Howard, April P Carson, Virginia J Howard, Suzanne E Judd, Neil A Zakai, Andrea Cherrington, Mary Cushman, Timothy B Plante
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Black Americans have a higher incidence of diabetes and have elevated inflammatory biomarkers compared to white Americans. Elevated inflammation is a risk factor for diabetes but the impact of inflammation on the racial disparity in diabetes is unknown. Hypothesis: Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) attenuates the observed black-white difference in incident diabetes. Methods: REGARDS enrolled 30,239 black and white adults aged ≥45 years from the contiguous US in 2003-07. This analysis included REGARDS participants without baseline diabetes who were assessed for diabetes 9 years later. RRs for incident diabetes by race were calculated using modified Poisson regression adjusting for risk factors known to contribute to the racial difference in diabetes incidence. The attenuation by CRP of the black-white RR of incident diabetes was calculated as the percent difference in the race RR in models with and without CRP adjustment; 95% CI for the difference was estimated using bootstrapping. Results: Of 11,073 participants without baseline diabetes (33% black, 67% white), black participants had higher CRP than white participants, and 12.5% developed incident diabetes. The black-white RR for incident diabetes in the base model was 1.74 (95% CI: 1.52, 1.99) for women and 1.44 (1.25, 1.66) for men. Baseline CRP mediated 21% (14, 29%) of this association in women and 20% (12, 34%) in men. These percent attenuations were similar in models adjusting for other diabetes risk factors but were diminished in a fully adjusted model; 5% (-4, 25%) in women and 7% (-43, 50%) in men (Figure). Conclusion: Adjustment for CRP in base models accounted for 20% and 21% of the excess risk of incident diabetes observed in black men and women, respectively, in this study. This substantial mediation persisted after adjusting for other risk factors but was diminished in the fully adjusted model. This suggests a role of inflammation in the diabetogenic effects of risk factors contributing to the observed racial difference in diabetes incidence.