tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thoracic surgery of residual masses after first-line chemotherapy in patients with testicular (T) or primary retroperitoneal (PR) non seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT)
Authors: A. Flechon, N. Noel, M. Rivoire, F. Mithieux, J. Droz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

14563 Background: Exeresis of all post-chemotherapy residual masses is the standard initial treatment of T and PR NSGCT patients. The aim of the study was to analyse the surgical procedure of thoracic exeresis of residual masses in patients receiving chemotherapy in a single cancer center. Methods: We reviewed the clinical, surgical and histological charts of 143 T or RP NSGCT patients operated on between 01/01/93 and 31/12/2003. All patients had initially at least one thoracic site (lung metastases and/or mediastinal lymph node involvement). We reviewed the indications for surgery according to the size, number of lung metastases and localization of mediastinal lymph nodes. Outcome criteria were relative risk (RR) of relapse and death. Median time of follow-up was 41 months (range 4–140). Results: After first-line chemotherapy, 43 patients (30%) obtained a thoracic complete response, and 100 had thoracic residual masses (70 PR markers -, 24 PR markers +, 2 SD, 4 PD).Thoracic surgery was performed in 32 patients (25 RP-, 4 RP+, 2 SD, 1 PD) by 14 different surgeons. Among these 32 patients, 26 had less than 10 pulmonary lesions, and 14 had only one. Wedge resections were performed in the majority of cases. The histological pattern was necrosis and/or fibrosis in 13 patients, teratoma in 11, growing teratoma in 4, active disease in 3 and nodular sarcoidosis in 1 patient. Six of the 32 operated patients relapsed (one of them in the thorax): 4 died of disease, 2 are alive with evolutive disease (AWD); all others are alive with no evidence of disease (NED). Sixteen of the 68 not operated patients died of disease and 2 of other cancers, 4 are AWD; all others (46) have NED. Five of the 43 patients with thoracic CR died of disease; all others (38) have NED. Patients not operated on for residual thoracic disease had respectively 1.6 and 2 RR of relapse and death when compared to patients with surgical exeresis of residual thoracic disease. Conclusions: Thoracic surgery is an important part of the management of patients with post-chemotherapy residual NSGCT masses in the thorax. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A Multi-Center, Multinational, Prospective Observational Registry Study of Defibrotide in Patients Diagnosed with Severe Veno-Occlusive Disease/Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome (VOD/SOS) after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT)
Authors: Mohamad Mohty, Marta Lisa Battista, Didier Blaise, Elisabetta Calore, Simone Cesaro, Adam Gassas, Natalia Maximova, Katia Perruccio, Cecile Renard, Robert Wynn, Marco Zecca, Myriam Labopin, Raj Hanvesakul, Robert J. Ryan, Fabio Ciceri, Sarah Lawson
Journal: Blood (2019)
Role of Kras mutations in predicting response and survival in irinotecan-refiractory patients treated with cetuximab and irinotecan for metastatic colorectal cancer: Analysis of 281 patients with individual data
Authors: F Di Fiore, Eric Van Cutsem, P Laurent-Puig, Nicola Personeni, S Siena, M Frattini, Wendy De Roock, A Lievre, A Sartore-Bianchi, A Bardelli, Sabine Tejpar
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2008)
EPID-14. OCCURRENCE OF SYSTEMIC CANCER IN PATIENTS WITH OLIGODENDROGLIOMAS: POPULATION CHARACTERIZATION AND COMPLICATIONS
Authors: Erika Horta, James Snyder, Tobias Walbert
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract Following clinic observations of patients with the diagnosis of oligodendroglioma and a systemic cancer, a chart review was done to understand the possible complications that a systemic cancer might bring to the treatment of the patient. Inclusion criteria was histological diagnosis of diffuse or anaplastic oligodendroglioma and another non-skin systemic cancer. Exclusion criteria was the diagnosis of genetic syndrome that predispose tumorigenesis. A total of 12 patients and 13 cancers were identified. 1p19q co-delection information was available for all patients except for 2. The most common systemic cancers were breast (46%) and gynecological cancers (16%). Different from CBTRUS data, men were underrepresented, being 31% of the patients, but difference did not reach statistical significance (p =0.08). Regarding age, patients were older than expected (53 + 12 years old, p&lt; 0.0001). Systemic cancer was diagnosed after the oligodendroglioma diagnosis in 54% of the cases. Age at the diagnosis of systemic cancer was 54 + 10 years old. All patients are alive, except for two. Thromboembolism was seen in 25% of the patients (p=0.2 when comparing with literature for oligodendroglioma), and occurred always after the oligodendroglioma diagnosis. Thrombocytopenia was not associated to prior chemotherapy. No deviation of glioma treatment was seen. This chart review of patients with Oligodendroglioma and a systemic cancer identifies that this population is older than expected and thromboembolism rates are similar to the literature. The overrepresentation of women in this cohort represents the profile of systemic cancer that accompanied oligodendrogliomas. It is unclear why breast and other gynecological cancers were the most common. Further studies, likely multicentric due to the rarity of this diagnosis, as further research in large repository data should be performed to confirm this finding.
Improvement in Cytokine Release Syndrome Management for the Treatment of AML Patients with Flotetuzumab, a CD123 x CD3 Bispecific Dart® Molecule for T-Cell Redirected Therapy
Authors: Ouiam Bakkacha, Geoffrey L. Uy, Ibrahim Aldoss, Matthew C Foster, David A Sallman, Kendra L. Sweet, David A. Rizzieri, Peter H. Sayre, Anjali S. Advani, Ashkan Emadi, Matthew J. Wieduwilt, Norbert Vey, Fabio Ciceri, Matteo Giovanni Carrabba, Tamara Moyo, Martha L. Arellano, John E. Godwin, Bob Löwenberg, Gerwin Huls, Farhad Ravandi, Kathy Tran, John Muth, Jan Baughman, Mojca Jongen-Lavrencic, Erin Timmeny, Max S. Topp, Stefania Paolini, Kuo Guo, Teia Curtis, Jian Zhao, Jon Wigginton, Ezio Bonvini, Roland B. Walter, Jan Davidson, John F. DiPersio, Kenneth Jacobs
Journal: Blood (2019)
Non-Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen before T-Cell Replete Haploidentical Transplantation with Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide for Advanced Lymphoma
Authors: Catalina Montes De Oca, Thomas Pagliardini, Stefania Bramanti, Sabine Furst, Jean Marc Schiano de Collela, Samia Harbi, Therese Aurran, Angela Granata, Diane Coso, Valerio Maisano, Anne-Marie Stoppa, Nawel Fatiha Belmecheri, Carmelo Carlo-Stella, Christian Chabannon, Claude Lemarie, Boris Calmels, Faezeh Legrand, Reda Bouabdallah, Armando Santoro, Didier Blaise, Luca Castagna, Raynier Devillier
Journal: Blood (2019)
STAT3 activation through IL-6/IL-11 in cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes colorectal tumour development and correlates with poor prognosis
Authors: Christina Heichler, Kristina Scheibe, Anabel Schmied, Carol I Geppert, Benjamin Schmid, Stefan Wirtz, Oana-Maria Thoma, Viktoria Kramer, Maximilian J Waldner, Christian Büttner, Henner F Farin, Marina Pešić, Ferdinand Knieling, Susanne Merkel, Anika Grüneboom, Matthias Gunzer, Robert Grützmann, Stefan Rose-John, Sergei B Koralov, George Kollias, Michael Vieth, Arndt Hartmann, Florian R Greten, Markus F Neurath, Clemens Neufert
Journal: Gut (2019)

Objective Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) influence the tumour microenvironment and tumour growth. However, the role of CAFs in colorectal cancer (CRC) development is incompletely understood. Design We quantified phosphorylation of STAT3 (pSTAT3) expression in CAFs of human colon cancer tissue using a tissue microarray (TMA) of 375 patients, immunofluorescence staining and digital pathology. To investigate the functional role of CAFs in CRC, we took advantage of two murine models of colorectal neoplasia and advanced imaging technologies. In loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments, using genetically modified mice with collagen type VI (COLVI)-specific signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) targeting, we evaluated STAT3 signalling in fibroblasts during colorectal tumour development. We performed a comparative gene expression profiling by whole genome RNA-sequencing of fibroblast subpopulations (COLVI+ vs COLVI–) on STAT3 activation (IL-6 vs IL-11). Results The analysis of pSTAT3 expression in CAFs of human TMAs revealed a negative correlation of increased stromal pSTAT3 expression with the survival of colon cancer patients. In the loss-of-function and gain-of-function approach, we found a critical role of STAT3 activation in fibroblasts in driving colorectal tumourigenesis in vivo. With different imaging technologies, we detected an expansion of activated fibroblasts in colorectal neoplasias. Comparative gene expression profiling of fibroblast subpopulations on STAT3 activation revealed the regulation of transcriptional patterns associated with angiogenesis. Finally, the blockade of proangiogenic signalling significantly reduced colorectal tumour growth in mice with constitutive STAT3 activation in COLVI+ fibroblasts. Conclusion Altogether our work demonstrates a critical role of STAT3 activation in CAFs in CRC development.
Efficacy of Therapies Following Venetoclax Discontinuation in CLL: Focus on B-Cell Receptor Signal Transduction Inhibitors and Cellular Therapies
Authors: Anthony R. Mato, Lindsey E. Roeker, Toby A. Eyre, Ryan Jacobs, Brian T. Hill, Nicole Lamanna, Danielle M. Brander, Mazyar Shadman, Chaitra Ujjani, Maryam Yazdy, Guilherme Fleury Perini, Javier Pinilla Ibarz, Jacqueline C Barrientos, Alan Skarbnik, Pallawi Torka, Jeffrey J Pu, John M. Pagel, Satyen Gohil, Bita Fakhri, Michael Y. Choi, Catherine C. Coombs, Joanna Rhodes, Paul M. Barr, Craig A. Portell, Helen Parry, Christine Ann Garcia, Kate J Whitaker, Allison M. Winter, Andrea Sitlinger, Sirin Khajavian, Ariel F Grajales-Cruz, Krista Isaac, Pratik Shah, Othman S. Akhtar, Rachael Pocock, Kentson Lam, Timothy J Voorhees, Stephen J. Schuster, Thomas David Rodgers, Nicolas Martinez-Calle, Talha Munir, Erica B Bhavsar, Neil Bailey, Jason C. Lee, Hanna Weissbrot, Chadi Nabhan, Julie Goodfriend, Amber C. King, Andrew D. Zelenetz, Colleen Dorsey, Kayla Bigelow, Bruce D. Cheson, Christopher P Fox, John N. Allan
Journal: Blood (2019)
The cytokine network involved in the host immune response to periodontitis
Authors: Weiyi Pan, Qingxuan Wang, Qianming Chen
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2019)

Abstract Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease involving the destruction of both soft and hard tissue in the periodontal region. Although dysbiosis of the local microbial community initiates local inflammation, over-activation of the host immune response directly activates osteoclastic activity and alveolar bone loss. Many studies have reported on the cytokine network involved in periodontitis and its crucial and pleiotropic effect on the recruitment of specific immunocytes, control of pathobionts and induction or suppression of osteoclastic activity. Nonetheless, particularities in the stimulation of pathogens in the oral cavity that lead to the specific and complex periodontal cytokine network are far from clarified. Thus, in this review, we begin with an up-to-date aetiological hypothesis of periodontal disease and summarize the roles of cytokines in the host immune response. In addition, we also summarize the latest cytokine-related therapeutic measures for periodontal disease.
Impact of Amotosalen/UVA Pathogen Inactivated Platelet Components on Outcomes after Allogeneic Hematopoetic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Single Center Analysis
Authors: Andreas S. Buser, Laura Infanti, Andreas Holbro, Joerg Halter, Sabine Gerull, Dominik Heim, Michael Medinger, Dimitrios A. Tsakiris, Johannes Irsch, Jin-Sying Lin, Richard J. Benjamin, Laurence Corash, Jakob R. Passweg
Journal: Blood (2019)
Durability of Responses on Continuous Therapy and Following Drug Cessation with Venetoclax and Rituximab: Long-Term Follow-up Analysis of a Phase 1b Study in Patients with Relapsed CLL
Authors: Danielle M. Brander, John F. Seymour, Thomas J. Kipps, Shuo Ma, Mary Ann Anderson, Michael Y. Choi, Kathryn Humphrey, Abdullah Al Masud, Ruby Nandam, Amanda Jacobson, Andrew W. Roberts
Journal: Blood (2019)
Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with Lymphoma Who Developed Therapy-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome - a Retrospective Analysis of the Polish Adult Leukemia Group
Authors: Aleksandra Golos, Krzysztof Mądry, Karol Lis, Marta Sobas, Agnieszka Ożańska, Magdalena Czemerska, Dorota Hawrylecka, Agnieszka Stelmach-Gołdyś, Karolina Chromik, Bartosz Pula, Ewa Lech-Maranda, Joanna Gora Tybor
Journal: Blood (2019)
Multi-Center Retrospective Evaluation of High-Dose Cytarabine Based Induction Versus CPX-351 Induction in Patients with Secondary AML
Authors: Lydia Benitez, Anthony J. Perissinotti, Caitlin R. Rausch, Jeff Klaus, Stephen Michael Clark, Michael Filtz, Kelley L Ratermann, Carissa F. Treptow, Shawn Griffin, Marissa Olson, Mallory Crain, Kristen Pettit, Patrick W. Burke, Dale L. Bixby, Bernard Lawrence Marini
Journal: Blood (2019)
Alpha Globin Gene Copy Number Is Associated with Kidney Disease Among Black Individuals
Authors: Amy Parker Ruhl, Neal Jeffries, Yu Yang, Rakhi P. Naik, Lydia H. Pecker, Bryan T. Mott, Neil A. Zakai, Cheryl A. Winkler, Jeffrey B. Kopp, Leslie A. Lange, Marguerite R. Irvin, Orlando M. Gutierrez, Mary Cushman, Hans C. Ackerman
Journal: Blood (2019)
Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of BAY 94-9027 (Damoctocog Alfa Pegol) in Previously Treated Patients with Hemophilia A (HEM-POWR): Online Patient Portal and LIFE-ACTIVE Sub-Study
Authors: Johannes Oldenburg, María Teresa Alvarez Román, Giancarlo Castaman, Maissaa Janbain, Tadashi Matsushita, Karina Meijer, Sabine Friedl, Martin Sanabria, Mark Reding
Journal: Blood (2019)
NIMG-71. DETECTION OF CYSTIC GLIOBLASTOMA FROM MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING USING DEEP LEARNING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Sara Ranjbar, Lee Curtin, Paula Whitmire, Leland Hu, Kristin Swanson
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor with an average survival of 15 months with standard of care treatment. GBM patients typically present with necrosis surrounded by enhancement on T1-weighted post gadolinium magnetic resonance imaging (T1gd MRI), however some patients present with a significant cystic component. Cysts are caused by different underlying biological mechanisms to necrosis and are important to identify for future clinical investigations. These cystic components can be manually identified through MRI but this process can be time consuming for large patient cohorts. Over the last two decades, our lab has collected serial MRI data of brain tumor patients. With over 70,000 images now in the database and that number increasing daily, it is clear that we have a unique resource for clinical investigation and a need to automate this process. To this end, the aim of this work was to develop and assess the performance of a convolution neural network (CNN) model for automatic detection of cystic GBMs. In this retrospective IRB-approved work, we collected pretreatment MRIs of a patient cohort consisting of 85 patients with a significant cystic component at presentation along with 400 non-cystic GBM, both identified manually through MRI. Image slices with a view of the cystic component were used as positive samples for training. Data were randomly split into training, validation, and test sets using a 70:15:15 ratio. The proportion of positive to negative cases was comparable between sets. Prior to training, we used image augmentation techniques to compensate for the class imbalance in our data. Our results showed that deep learning networks can automatically detect cystic GBMs on MRIs with high accuracy and thus illustrates the potential use of this technique in clinically relevant settings.
Steroid Addiction in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: B. I. Korelitz
Journal: BMJ (1965)

no immigrant leaves the port health area un- checked.May I suggest that in addition to the members already recruited for the B.M.A. working party the services of an experienced mass radiography unit director are secured.The planning and organization of a large number of people through a chest x-ray apparatus is a part of the normal work of a mass radiography unit medical director.
Comprehensive Genomic Profiling of 104 Rare Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasms Reveals Shared and Distinct Targetable Genomic Alterations
Authors: Lucas R. Massoth, Yin P. Hung, Judith A. Ferry, Robert P. Hasserjian, Abner Louissaint, Meagan Montesion, Ethan S. Sokol, Dean C. Pavlick, Nikunj Shah, Natalie Danziger, Jonathan Keith Killian, Eric A. Severson, Daniel Duncan, Julia A. Elvin, Vincent A. Miller, Jeffrey S. Ross, Jo-Anne Vergilio, Lawrence R. Zukerberg, Erik A. Williams
Journal: Blood (2019)
Impact of ABO Blood Group Incompatibility on Outcomes after Single-Unit Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation for Malignant Hematological Disease
Authors: Cheng Siqi, Baolin Tang, Xiaoyu Zhu, Huilan Liu, Kaidi Song, Xiang Wan, Wen Yao, Jian Wang, Zimin Sun
Journal: Blood (2019)
Chronic Kidney Disease Is Under-Screened in SCD and Mild Albuminuria Is Associated with a Drop in Hemoglobin: A Report from the Grndad Sickle Cell Registry
Authors: Elizabeth Williams, Elizabeth Brown, Deepa Manwani, Payal Desai, Joshua J. Field, Lynne D. Neumayr, Susan Padrino, E. Leila Jerome Clay, Ze Cong, Irene Agodoa, Carolyn Hoppe, Sophie M. Lanzkron, Jane A. Little
Journal: Blood (2019)
ATIM-25. PD-1 INHIBITION CAN BE COMBINED WITH IL-12 IN SUBJECTS WITH RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: Ennio Chiocca, Rimas Lukas, Ganesh Rao, Jill Buck, Nathan Demars, Amy Smith, John Miao, John Zhou, Arnold Gelb, Laurence Cooper
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract Monotherapy with intratumoral Ad-RTS-hIL-12 (Ad), a novel gene therapeutic conditionally expressing IL-12 under the transcriptional control of oral veledimex (V, 20 mg) acting via the proprietary RheoSwitch Therapeutic System® (RTS®), was shown in a phase 1 Main study (NCT02026271) to elicit a sustained intra-tumoral activated cytotoxic T-cell response with co-expression of PD-1. Additionally, the Main study showed improved median overall survival (mOS), compared to historical controls, in subjects with recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) receiving Ad + V. Herein, we report updated findings from on an ongoing open label, dose-escalation Phase 1 substudy (NCT03636477) evaluating safety and tolerability of local, controlled IL-12 plus nivolumab in adult subjects with rGBM. Ad was administered by single intratumoral injection (2 x 1011 viral particles) on Day 0 plus V (10 and 20 mg) PO QD x 15 with nivolumab (1 and 3mg/kg) IV on Days -7, 15, then Q2W. Subjects have been accrued into three cohorts and follow-up is ongoing. Data from all three cohorts regarding dose escalation of V and nivolumab will be presented. The initial safety profile during V dosing period was similar to Ad+V monotherapy with adverse reactions being dose-related and rapidly reversible upon discontinuation of V. And those adverse reactions during the follow on nivolumab dosing were tolerable and manageable and consistent with nivolumab labeling, with no synergistic toxicities, and drug-related deaths. In the first two cohorts (where data is available), combination therapy improved the biomarker “cytoindex” (ratio of circulating CD8+ T cells to FoxP3+ regulatory T cells). (In the Main study, cytoindex correlated with overall survival). Controlled IL-12 production using Ad+V with nivolumab is a rational combination with initial data consistent with immune-mediated anti-tumor effects with a favorable safety profile. Further phase 2 investigation of Ad+V plus a checkpoint inhibitor in rGBM is planned.
The Dual Cell Cycle Kinase Inhibitor JNJ-7706621 Reverses Resistance to CD37 Targeted Radioimmunotherapy in Activated B Cell like Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Cell Lines
Authors: Gro Elise Rødland, Katrine Melhus, Roman Generalov, Sania Gilani, Francesco Bertoni, Jostein Dahle, Randi Syljuåsen, Sebastian Patzke
Journal: Blood (2019)
A Multicenter, Open Label, Phase 3 Study of Tabelecleucel for Solid Organ Transplant Subjects with Epstein-Barr Virus-Driven Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disease (EBV+PTLD) after Failure of Rituximab or Rituximab and Chemotherapy
Authors: Susan Prockop, Minoti Hiremath, Wei Ye, Laurence Gamelin, Willis Navarro, Kris Michael Mahadeo
Journal: Blood (2019)
TMIC-01. THE DYSTROGLYCAN RECEPTOR MAINTAINS GLIOMA STEM CELLS IN THE VASCULAR NICHE
Authors: Bryan Day, Justin Lathia, Zara Bruce, Kathleen Ensbey, Yi Chieh Lim, Paul Jamieson, Rochelle D’Souza, Seckin Akgul, Carolin Offenhauser, Ulrich Baumgartner, Fiona Smith, Yuchen Li, Courtney Jurd, Brett Stringer, Thomas Robertson, Rosalind Jeffree, Terrance Johns, Krishna Bhat, Jeremy Rich, Kevin Campbell, Andrew Boyd
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract Glioblastomas (GBMs) are malignant central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms with a very poor prognosis. They display cellular hierarchies containing self-renewing tumourigenic glioma stem cells (GSCs) in a complex heterogeneous microenvironment. One proposed GSC niche is the extracellular matrix (ECM)-rich perivascular bed of the tumour. Here, we report that the ECM binding alpha (α) subunit of the dystroglycan (DG) receptor is expressed and functionally glycosylated on GSCs residing in the vascular niche. Glycosylated αDG is also expressed highly on the most aggressive mesenchymal-like GBM tumour tissue. Furthermore, we found that DG acts to maintain a de-differentiated stem cell-like phenotype via tight control of MAPK activation. Antibody-based blockade of αDG induces robust ERK-mediated differentiation leading to reduced GSC potential. DG was shown to be required for tumour initiation, with constitutive loss significantly delaying or preventing tumourigenic potential in-vivo. These findings reveal a central role of the DG receptor not only as a structural element but also as a critical factor in the maintenance of GSCs in the GBM vascular niche.
OTU-05 Outcomes of transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) versus endoscopic resection (ER) of large rectal adenomas
Authors: Andrew Emmanuel, Taimur Shafi, Christo Lapa, Sophie Williams, Shraddha Gulati, Nishmi Gunasingam, Margaret Burt, Savvas Papagrigoriadis, Bu Hayee, Amyn Haji
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Resection of large rectal adenomas by TEM or endoscopic resection (ER) varies by institution and region. There is a paucity of data directly comparing these strategies and the procedure of choice remains under intense debatable. We report outcomes of TEM and ER of large rectal adenomas from a large tertiary cohort. <h3>Methods</h3> Large (≥20 mm) rectal adenomas resected by TEM or ER (2009–2018) were analysed. From 2009–2011 all rectal adenomas were treated by TEM, after which the primary resection strategy changed to ER. Outcomes were compared between techniques. <h3>Results</h3> 258 rectal adenomas were resected by TEM (n=73), EMR (n=61) and ESD/Hybrid ESD (n=124) with a mean size of 46 mm for TEM vs 62 mm for ER (p&lt;0.001). 100% of patients undergoing TEM required hospital admission vs 22% for ER (p&lt;0.001), and 100% required general anaesthesia for TEM vs 13%% for ER (p&lt;0.001). En bloc resection was achieved for 99% of ESD resections, 52% of TEMS, 26% of EMR and 12% of hybrid ESD (p&lt;0.001). Complications were similar (p=0.33). Recurrence occurred in 4% after ESD, 18% after EMR, 20% after Hybrid ESD and 42% after TEM (p&lt;0.001). No patients undergoing ER required surgery as a result of a complication. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Despite significantly larger lesion sizes, ER in our institution provides far superior results for patients than TEM with relatively few patients requiring general anaesthesia or hospital admission and lower recurrence rates especially with ESD. This has led to a policy of ER for all apparently benign rectal tumours regardless of size and, more recently, an ESD-first approach for all lesions.