tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Application of Computational Methods in Precision Oncology
Authors: Orestis A. Panagiotou, Lori Hoffman Högg, Hedvig Hricak, Samir N. Khleif, Mia A. Levy, David Magnus, Martin J. Murphy, Bakul Patel, Robert A. Winn, Sharyl J. Nass, Constantine Gatsonis, Christopher R. Cogle
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

There is an enormous and growing amount of data available from individual cancer cases, which makes the work of clinical oncologists more demanding. This data challenge has attracted engineers to create software that aims to improve cancer diagnosis or treatment. However, the move to use computers in the oncology clinic for diagnosis or treatment has led to instances of premature or inappropriate use of computational predictive systems. To evaluate best practices for developing and assessing the clinical utility of predictive computational methods in oncology. The National Cancer Policy Forum and the Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a workshop to examine the use of multidimensional data derived from patients with cancer and the computational methods used to analyze these data. The workshop convened diverse stakeholders and experts, including computer scientists, oncology clinicians, statisticians, patient advocates, industry leaders, ethicists, leaders of health systems (academic and community based), private and public health insurance carriers, federal agencies, and regulatory authorities. Key characteristics for successful computational oncology were considered in 3 thematic areas: (1) data quality, completeness, sharing, and privacy; (2) computational methods for analysis, interpretation, and use of oncology data; and (3) clinical infrastructure and expertise for best use of computational precision oncology. Quality control was found to be essential across all stages, from data collection to data processing, management, and use. Collecting a standardized parsimonious data set at every cancer diagnosis and restaging could enhance reliability and completeness of clinical data for precision oncology. Data completeness refers to key data elements such as information about cancer diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes, while data quality depends on whether appropriate variables have been measured in valid and reliable ways. Collecting data from diverse populations can reduce the risk of creating invalid and biased algorithms. Computational systems that aid clinicians should be classified as software as a medical device and thus regulated according to the potential risk posed. To facilitate appropriate use of computational methods that interpret high-dimensional data in oncology, treating physicians need access to multidisciplinary teams with broad expertise and deep training among a subset of clinical oncology fellows in clinical informatics. Workshop discussions suggested best practices in demonstrating the clinical utility of predictive computational methods for diagnosing or treating cancer.
Interpreting a covid-19 test result
Authors: Jessica Watson, Penny F Whiting, John E Brush
Journal: BMJ (2020)

What you need to know• Interpreting the result of a test for covid-19 depends on two things: the accuracy of the test, and the pre-test probability or estimated risk of disease before testing • A positive RT-PCR test for covid-19 test has more weight than a negative test because of the test's high specificity but moderate sensitivity • A single negative covid-19 test should not be used as a rule-out in patients with strongly suggestive symptoms • Clinicians should share information with patients about the accuracy of covid-19 tests Across the world there is a clamour for covid-19 testing, with Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, director general of the World Health Organization, encouraging countries to "test, test, test." 1 The availability of the complete genome of covid-19 early in the epidemic facilitated development of tests to detect viral RNA. 2 Multiple assays with different gene targets have been developed using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). 3These viral RNA tests use samples usually obtained from the respiratory tract by nasopharyngeal swab, to detect current infections.Serology blood tests to detect antibodies indicating past infection are being developed; these will not be considered in depth in this article.Testing for covid-19 enables infected individuals to be identified and isolated to reduce spread, 4 allows contact tracing for exposed individuals, 5 and provides knowledge of regional and national rates of infection to inform public health interventions.However, questions remain on how to apply test results to make optimal decisions about individual patients. Search strategyThis article was produced at speed to address an urgent need to address uncertainties in testing for covid-19.We searched Pubmed using the terms "covid", "SARS-CoV-2", "sensitivity", "specificity", "diagnosis", "test", and "PCR", and KSR evidence using terms for covid and test.This was supplemented by discussion with colleagues undertaking formal systematic reviews into covid-19 diagnosis.
Irregularities of the Teeth and their Treatment.
Authors: F E Howard
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
GASTRIC STROMAL TUMORS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ABOUT 53 CASES
Authors: S Jamal, AA Ali, M Tamzaourte, A Aourarh
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Gastric stromal tumors are the most common malignant mesenchymal tumors of the stomach that develop at the expense of the muscularis of the gastric wall. The aim of our study is to focus on the diagnosis and therapeutic management of gastric stromal tumors and to show the benefit of long-term patient surveillance given the risk of recurrence.
Extent of Breast Surgery After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: John R. Benson, Dorin Dumitru
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Treatment of the Anemia of Progressive Renal Failure with Recombinant Human Erythropoietin
Authors: Joseph W. Eschbach, Michael R. Kelly, N. Rebecca Haley, Robert I. Abels, John W. Adamson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

To examine the effects of erythropoietin on the anemia of chronic renal disease and on the rate of renal deterioration, we administered recombinant human erythropoietin to 17 patients with anemia and progressive renal failure who did not yet require dialysis (serum creatinine level, 353 to 972 mumol per liter [4.0 to 11.0 mg per deciliter]). The dose of erythropoietin (50 to 150 units per kilogram of body weight) was adjusted according to the hematocrit response. In all 17 patients the anemia responded to erythropoietin. The median hematocrit increased from 0.27 to 0.37. The rate of the response depended on the initial erythropoietin dose and was similar to that observed in patients who were on dialysis. Hypertension was present in 14 patients before therapy, developed during therapy in 2 of the normotensive patients, and worsened in 9 patients, who required additional antihypertensive medications. The rate of the decline in renal function, as measured by serial determination of the reciprocal of the serum creatinine level, did not change significantly as the hematocrit rose (P = 0.78 by the paired t-test) during erythropoietin therapy. All the patients reported improvements in appetite, activity level, and sense of well-being. We conclude that erythropoietin therapy is effective in correcting the anemia of patients with progressive renal failure without affecting renal function, although it may be associated with an increase in blood pressure.
FIRST-IN-HUMAN EXPERIENCE OF THE NOVEL CRYOBALLOON SWIPE 180 ABLATION SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH DYSPLASTIC BARRETT’S ESOPHAGUS
Authors: A Overwater, SN van Munster, G Mihaela Raicu, CA Seldenrijk, JJGHM Bergman, WB Nagengast, EJ Schoon, RE Pouw, BLAM Weusten
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Focal cryoballoon ablation has shown promising results for limited Barrett’s esophagus (BE). The Cryoballoon Swipe Ablation System (CbSAS) was recently developed to treat larger BE. The CbSAS90 (treatment of 90° over 3cm) has recently been shown to be feasible and effective. The CbSAS180 is a new balloon catheter that directly treats half of the esophageal circumference (180°). This first-in-human study reports on the feasibility, safety and efficacy of CbSAS180.
EVALUATION OF A REAL-TIME ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM USING A DEEP NEURAL NETWORK FOR POLYP DETECTION AND LOCALIZATION IN THE LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Authors: H Seibt, A Beyer, M Häfner, C Eggert, H Huber, T Rath
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims The use of artificial intelligence (AI) may be an objective and operator-independent approach to increase endoscopist’s adenoma detection rate (ADR) and limit inter-operator variability. Within this study, we developed a deep neural network (DNN) for automated de-tection of colorectal polyps and assessed its performance for real-time detection and localiza-tion when incorporated into existing colonoscopy platforms.
Press: Crisis, what crisis?
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Another crisis in the NHS. What a relief. Or so it seemed to me last week, getting off the plane at Gatwick after several days' exposure to the US media's obsessive coverage of Michael Jordan's third and “final” retirement from basketball. In Britain if it's January it's winter health crisis time. The stories may be predictable and the headlines familiar, but at least they have more substance than endless analyses of one rather tall athlete's ball control and bank balance.

So, thankful for this small mercy, I sat down with a pile of cuttings. Checking that they were dated 1999,and not ‘98 or ‘97, I read of the “Agony of doctors at breaking point” ( Daily Mail ), of how a “Hospital has to turn away ambulance in ‘flu crisis” ( Birmingham Post ), and of why “Critically ill patients face desperate hunt for bed” ( Daily Mail again). After reading upwards of 50such headlines, I thought I'd seen one of everything. But no; the Mirror of 12January devoted its front page to a picture of baby Jake alongside a pithy description of his recent plight: “Doctors started Jake's birth, then stopped. They'd run out of beds.” And, just in case you'd failed to appreciate the awfulness of Jake's experience, the paper helpfully flagged its piece “The most shocking NHS crisis story yet.”

Something has gone wrong with the script. This is the age of New Labour, and things weren't supposed to be like this. Wasn't the annual winter health crisis due to become history? Yes, of course it was. Back in November, Frank Dobson was doing the rounds to remind us of this very intention. As the Guardian leader writer of …
EUS-GUIDED FINE NEEDLE BIOPSY SAMPLING IN LYMPH NODE ENLARGEMENT - A PROSPECTIVE, COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: RA Shams, R Sadik, P Hedenström
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims The diagnostics of enlarged lymph nodes deep in the abdomen or the mediastinum is challenging. EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy sampling (EUS-FNB) may have diagnostic advantages compared with EUS-FNA but studies on the topic are few.
LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF COLORECTAL ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION IN DIFFICULT LOCATIONS: DENTATE LINE, ILEOCECAL VALVE AND CECUM
Authors: F Iacopini, C Grossi, C Lucidi, Ti Gotoda, Y Saito, G Costamagna
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Endoscopic resection at the perineal rectum extending to the dentate line (RTDL), ileocecal valve (ICV), and cecum is difficult. Aim to assess ESD outcomes in these locations.
TWO-STEPS FULL-THICKNESS RESECTION PLUS ANCHOR-DEVICE OF AN LST-GRANULAR TYPE INSIDE A RECTAL RECESS IN A PATIENT WITH AN ILEO-RECTAL ANASTOMOSIS
Authors: B Mangiavillano, F Auriemma, M Bianchetti, A Repici
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

A of 70-years old woman undergone ileo-rectal anastomosis following colectomy and lower anterior resection for synchronous adenocarcinomas of right colon and proximal rectum underwent follow-up lower GI endoscopy showed a granular laterally spreading tumour (LST-G) of 3 cm, completely involving a recess of remnant rectum and the suture line. A full-thickness resection-device (FTRD), with the addition of an anchor-device, was performed. Histology showed tubular-villous adenoma with low grade dysplasia. After three months endoscopy revealed a recurrence of granular adenoma tissue upon the clip. Hot snaring was performed to complete resection. At six months later lower GI endoscopy showed complete eradication.
PREDICTING AN INAPPROPRIATE COLON CAPSULE CLEANSING: A STUDY APPROACHING PREDICTIVE FACTORS
Authors: R Magalhaes, B Rosa, MJ Moreira, J Cotter
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims An adequate colon cleansing is paramount to rely on colon capsule reported findings. To optimize the rate of adequate cleansing it may be important to identify risk factors that can predict a sub-optimal colon preparation. Being able to properly categorize the patients at major risk, will allow to select the subgroup in most need of enhanced cleansing protocols. We aim to define predictive factors for inappropriate bowel preparation in colon capsule.
Combined blockade of VEGFR and EGFR with ZD6474 enhances the antitumor and antivascular effects of radiation therapy in an orthotopic mouse model of human lung cancer
Authors: K Shibuya, R Komaki, T Shintani, W Wu, S Itasaka, T Isobe, A J Ryan, R S Herbst, M S O’Reilly
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)
A PROSPECTIVE, MULTI-CENTER VALIDATION STUDY FOR AUTOMATED POLYP DETECTION AS A SECOND OBSERVER
Authors: T Eelbode, C Hassan, H Neumann, I Demedts, P Sinonquel, P Roelandt, C Camps, E Coron, P Bhandari, O Pech, H Willekens, F Maes, R Bisschops
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Last year, we presented a deep learning framework for automated polyp detection. Contrary to classical CNNs, we use ‘memory cells’ enabling more accurate predictions. Little evidence is available on the performance of AI for polyp detection in clinical practice. The aim of this study is to prospectively validate our system in a multi-center clinical setting to obtain an estimate power calculation for future trial design and to assess preliminary performance compared to experienced endoscopists.
DIAGNOSIS OF BILIARY STRICTURES USING SPYGLASS DIRECTED BIOPSIES - INTENTION TO TREAT ANALYSIS AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTER
Authors: K Soota, MM Abdelfatah, CM Wilcox, KRKK Baig, S Peter, A Ahmed
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Diagnosis of biliary strictures remains clinically arduous. We evaluated the utility of single-operator cholangioscopy (SOC) SpyGlass with and without cytology versus cold biopsies performed during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for biliary strictures.
Global Access to Handwashing: Implications for COVID-19 Control in Low-Income Countries
Authors: Michael Brauer, Jeff T. Zhao, Fiona B. Bennitt, Jeffrey D. Stanaway
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2020)

Background: Low-income countries have reduced health care system capacity and are therefore at risk of substantially higher COVID-19 case fatality rates than those currently seen in high-income countries. Handwashing is a key component of guidance to reduce transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior systematic reviews have indicated the effectiveness of handwashing to reduce transmission of respiratory viruses. In low-income countries, reduction of transmission is of paramount importance, but social distancing is challenged by high population densities and access to handwashing facilities with soap and water is limited. Objectives: Our objective was to estimate global access to handwashing with soap and water to inform use of handwashing in the prevention of COVID-19 transmission. Methods: We utilized observational surveys and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression modeling in the context of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study to estimate access to a handwashing station with available soap and water for 1,062 locations from 1990 to 2019. Results: Despite overall improvements from 1990 {33.6% [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 31.5, 35.6] without access} to 2019, globally in 2019, 2.02 (95% UI: 1.91, 2.14) billion people, 26.1% (95% UI: 24.7, 27.7) of the global population, lacked access to handwashing with available soap and water. More than 50% of the population in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania were without access to handwashing in 2019, and in eight countries, 50 million or more persons lacked access. Discussion: For populations without handwashing access, immediate improvements in access or alternative strategies are urgently needed, and disparities in handwashing access should be incorporated into COVID-19 forecasting models when applied to low-income countries. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7200
Short-Term Outcomes of Screening Mammography Using Computer-Aided Detection
Authors: Joshua J. Fenton, Guibo Xing, Joann G. Elmore, Heejung Bang, Steven L. Chen, Karen K. Lindfors, Laura-Mae Baldwin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Use of computer-aided detection (CAD) in interpreting mammograms has dramatically increased. In this study of mammography in older women, CAD interpretation resulted in more women having further di...
Emergency ambulance services for heart attack and stroke during UK's COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Jenny Lumley Holmes, Simon Brake, Mark Docherty, Richard Lilford, Sam Watson
Journal: The Lancet (2020)

Attendance at Accident and Emergency departments in the UK is widely reported to have decreased precipitously since national lockdown was introduced on March 23, 2020. Anecdotal reports have suggested that heart attacks and strokes have "vanished from hospitals",1Bernstein L Stead Sellers F Patients with heart attacks, strokes and even appendicitis vanish from hospitals.https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/patients-with-heart-attacks-strokes-and-even-appendicitis-vanish-from-hospitals/2020/04/19/9ca3ef24-7eb4-11ea-9040-68981f488eed_story.htmlDate: April 20, 2020Date accessed: May 12, 2020Google Scholar and that such patients "delay seeking help".2Spinney L Concern as heart attack and stroke patients delay seeking help.https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/16/coronavirus-concern-heart-attack-stroke-patients-delay-seeking-helpDate: April 16, 2020Date accessed: May 12, 2020Google Scholar ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and stroke are conditions for which hospital treatment is highly effective. Daily ambulance callouts for these two conditions are routinely recorded by ambulance crews for the West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, the second largest such service in the UK. We analysed data collected between Jan 10, 2018, and April 19, 2020 (figure). We tested for the presence of a structural break in the time series of annually differenced weekly admissions (using a linear model with AR [1] errors). There was little evidence for such a break in either the STEMI (year-on-year change in mean callouts associated with lockdown: −9·1, 95% CI: −21·8 to 3·6; p=0·17) or stroke (−21·7, −47·6 to 4·2; p=0·11). These data do not confirm a reduction in ambulance callouts for our two tracer health conditions. Although we cannot exclude such an effect, any effect must be of small magnitude. The COVID-19 pandemic might be associated with negative collateral health effects, but we find no evidence that people are reluctant to call an ambulance when they experience symptoms of stroke or heart attack. We declare no competing interests. We thank Fergus Hamilton (North Bristol NHS Trust), Peter Chilton (University of Birmingham) and Gavin Perkins (University of Warwick) for their contributions to this Correspondence. RL is supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration West Midlands. Views expressed are not necessarily those of the National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health and Social Care.
ENDOSCOPIC FULL-THICKNESS RESECTION OF GI LESIONS: FEASIBILITY AND SAFETY – A RUSSIAN SINGLECENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: P Pavlov, A Kiryukhin, A Tertychnyy
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims To evaluate feasibility and safety of the endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) in colorectal and duodenal lesions using over-the-scope device (FTRD, Ovesco Endoscopy, Tubingen, Germany).