tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Improving the health of young African American women in the preconception period using health information technology: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Brian W Jack, Timothy Bickmore, Leanne Yinusa-Nyahkoon, Matthew Reichert, Clevanne Julce, Nireesha Sidduri, Jessica Martin-Howard, Zhe Zhang, Elisabeth Woodhams, Juan Fernandez, Mark Loafman, Howard J Cabral
Journal: The Lancet Digital Health (2020)

BackgroundPreconception care focuses on improving women's health before pregnancy as a means to improve their health and future pregnancy outcomes. How to effectively deliver such care is unknown. The aim of this research was to assess the impact of an embodied conversational agent system on preconception risks among African American and Black women.MethodsWe did an open-label, randomised controlled trial of women aged 18–34 years, self-identified as African American or Black, or both, and not pregnant, recruited from 35 states in the USA. Sealed allocation envelopes (in permuted blocks of six and eight, prepared using a random number generator) were opened after enrolment. Intervention participants received an online conversational agent called Gabby that assessed 102 preconception risks and delivered 12 months of tailored dialogue using synthesised speech, non-verbal behaviour, visual aids, and health behaviour change techniques such as motivational interviewing. The control group received a letter listing their preconception risks and encouraging them to talk with a clinician. The primary outcome was the proportion of identified risks at the action or maintenance stage of change at months 6 and 12. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01827215.FindingsFrom March 11, 2014, through July 8, 2018, 528 women recruited from 35 states and 242 cities across the USA received the Gabby intervention (n=262) or were assigned to the control group (n=266). Participants identified a mean of 21 preconception risks per woman (SD 9·9). In the intention-to-treat analysis, at 6 months, intervention women reported reaching the action or maintenance stage of change for 50·0% (SD 28·9) of those preconception risks identified compared with 42·7% (28·3) in the control group (incidence rate ratio 1·16, 95% CI 1·07–1·26; p=0·0004). This result persisted at 12 months.InterpretationThe Gabby system has the potential to improve women's preconception health. Further research is needed to determine if improving preconception risks impacts outcomes such as preterm delivery.FundingNational Institute for Minority Health and Health Disparities.
Detachable distal cap duodenoscopes: a step in the right direction?
Authors: V. Raman Muthusamy
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Over the past decade, numerous outbreaks of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae infections transmitted via duodenoscopes have been reported worldwide [1]. These outbreaks have identified a variety of potential etiologies for infection transmission, but a primary culprit has been the complexity of the elevator mechanism of duodenoscopes and the challenges of cleaning this element of the scope [2]. The initial US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance involved performing enhanced reprocessing of duodenoscopes via one of four methods: “double” high-level disinfection (HLD), ethylene oxide sterilization, liquid chemical sterilization (via agents such as peracetic acid), or assessing the adequacy of HLD via microbial culturing of reprocessed devices. However, multiple subsequent studies (including randomized controlled trials) have questioned the benefit of these added steps [3] [4] [5]. Subsequently, an FDA post-market surveillance study identified potentially pathogenic bacteria on culture in up to 6 % of fully reprocessed duodenoscopes. These results led the FDA to recommend healthcare facilities to transition away from duodenoscopes with fixed distal caps [6]. These findings have also led manufacturers to develop disposable/detachable distal cap devices aimed at reducing the potential for transmission of infections via these devices. However, similarly to the enhanced reprocessing steps mentioned above, the magnitude of any potential benefit from such modifications remains to be determined.
Absent 18F-FDG Uptake in the Brain—Unsuspected Brain Death
Authors: Mette Abildgaard Pedersen, Søren Jensen-Fangel, Edith Nielsen, Per Borghammer, Mikkel Holm Vendelbo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Brain death is the complete, irreversible cessation of brain function, including the capacity for brainstem, respiratory, and vegetative activities. It is a clinical diagnosis that can be supplemented with brain perfusion imaging. Absent cerebral blood flow can be visualized with CT angiography or perfusion scintigraphy. F-FDG PET/CT, visualizing glucose uptake, is another approach that has been shown to indicate brain death in small case series. We here present a case with unsuspected absent F-FDG uptake and thus no metabolic activity, in the brain. The patient was declared brain dead later the same day.
Solitary Hard Palate Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Demonstrated on PET/CT Scan in an Adult
Authors: Haotian Chen, Qiuping Fan, Minggang Su
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is rare in adults. Oral and maxillofacial LCH commonly affects the bones of the skull and jaws. Here we report a case of a 57-year-old man with a painless oral mass evaluated by F-FDG PET/CT. PET/CT showed a solitary F-FDG-avid tumor in his left hard palate. LCH was confirmed after surgery. This case reminds us that LCH should be considered in an adult with hypermetabolic hard palate lesion on F-FDG PET/CT.
U.S. Efforts to Curb Antibiotic Resistance — Are We Saving Lives?
Authors: Sameer S. Kadri, Helen W. Boucher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Demonstrating that large-scale efforts to control antibiotic resistance have saved lives would help secure ongoing and expanded funding and support in this area. But data causally linking such efforts to the burden of antibiotic resistance and to outcomes are lacking.
Disparities Research—Mitigating Inequities in Surgical Care
Authors: Susan C. Pitt, Ryan P. Merkow
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Recommendations for the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for patients with metastatic cancers: a report from the ESMO Precision Medicine Working Group
Authors: F. Mosele, J. Remon, J. Mateo, C.B. Westphalen, F. Barlesi, M.P. Lolkema, N. Normanno, A. Scarpa, M. Robson, F. Meric-Bernstam, N. Wagle, A. Stenzinger, J. Bonastre, A. Bayle, S. Michiels, I. Bièche, E. Rouleau, S. Jezdic, J-Y. Douillard, J.S. Reis-Filho, R. Dienstmann, F. André
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Germline IKAROS dimerization haploinsufficiency causes hematologic cytopenias and malignancies
Authors: Hye Sun Kuehn, Julie E. Niemela, Jennifer Stoddard, Sara Ciullini Mannurita, Tala Shahin, Shubham Goel, Mary Hintermeyer, Raul Jimenez Heredia, Mary Garofalo, Laura Lucas, Smriti Singh, Annalisa Tondo, Zachary Jacobs, William A. Gahl, Sylvain Latour, James Verbsky, John Routes, Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles, Kaan Boztug, Eleonora Gambineri, Thomas A. Fleisher, Shanmuganathan Chandrakasan, Sergio D. Rosenzweig
Journal: Blood (2020)
Music as a coevolved system for social bonding
Authors: Patrick E. Savage, Psyche Loui, Bronwyn Tarr, Adena Schachner, Luke Glowacki, Steven Mithen, W. Tecumseh Fitch
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2020)

Abstract Why do humans make music? Theories of the evolution of musicality have focused mainly on the value of music for specific adaptive contexts such as mate selection, parental care, coalition signaling, and group cohesion. Synthesizing and extending previous proposals, we argue that social bonding is an overarching function that unifies all of these theories, and that musicality enabled social bonding at larger scales than grooming and other bonding mechanisms available in ancestral primate societies. We combine cross-disciplinary evidence from archeology, anthropology, biology, musicology, psychology, and neuroscience into a unified framework that accounts for the biological and cultural evolution of music. We argue that the evolution of musicality involves gene–culture coevolution, through which proto-musical behaviors that initially arose and spread as cultural inventions had feedback effects on biological evolution because of their impact on social bonding. We emphasize the deep links between production, perception, prediction, and social reward arising from repetition, synchronization, and harmonization of rhythms and pitches, and summarize empirical evidence for these links at the levels of brain networks, physiological mechanisms, and behaviors across cultures and across species. Finally, we address potential criticisms and make testable predictions for future research, including neurobiological bases of musicality and relationships between human music, language, animal song, and other domains. The music and social bonding hypothesis provides the most comprehensive theory to date of the biological and cultural evolution of music.
Abstract CT406: Patients with cancer appear more vulnerable to SARS-COV-2: A multi-center study during the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Meng-Yuan Dai, Dian-bo Liu, Miao Liu, Fu-Xiang Zhou, Gui-Ling Li, Zhen Chen, Zhi-An Zhang, Hua-You Md, Meng Wu, Qi-Chao Zheng, Yong Xiong, Hui-Hua Xiong, Chun Wang, Chang-Chun Chen, Fei Xiong, Yan Zhang, Ya-Qin Peng, Si-Ping Ge, Bo Zhen, Ting-Ting Yu, Ling Wang, Hua Wang, Yu Liu, Ye-Shan Chen, Jun-Hua Mei, Xiao-Jia Gao, Zhu-Yan Li, Li-Juan Gan, Can He, Zhen Li, Yu-Ying Shi, Yu-Wen Qi, Jing Yang, Daniel G. Tenen, Li Chai, Lorelei Ann Mucci, Mauricio Santillana, Hongbing Cai
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract The novel COVID-19 outbreak has affected more than 200 countries and territories as of March 2020. Given that patients with cancer are generally more vulnerable to infections, systematic analysis of diverse cohorts of patients with cancer affected by COVID-19 are needed. We performed a multi-center study including 105 cancer patients and 536 age-matched non-cancer patients confirmed with COVID-19. Our results showed COVID-19 patients with cancer had higher risks in all severe outcomes. Patients with hematological cancer, lung cancer, or with metastatic cancer (stage IV) had the highest frequency of severe events. Non-metastatic cancer patients experienced similar frequencies of severe conditions to those observed in patients without cancer. Patients who received surgery had higher risks of having severe events, while patients with only radiotherapy did not demonstrate significant differences in severe events when compared to patients without cancer. These findings indicate that cancer patients appear more vulnerable to SARS-COV-2 outbreak. Since this is the first large cohort study on this topic, our report will provide the much-needed information that will benefit global cancer patients. As such, we believe it is extremely important that our study be disseminated widely to alert clinicians and patients. Citation Format: Meng-Yuan Dai, Dian-bo Liu, Miao Liu, Fu-Xiang Zhou, Gui-Ling Li, Zhen Chen, Zhi-An Zhang, Hua-You Md, Meng Wu, Qi-Chao Zheng, Yong Xiong, Hui-Hua Xiong, Chun Wang, Chang-Chun Chen, Fei Xiong, Yan Zhang, Ya-Qin Peng, Si-Ping Ge, Bo Zhen, Ting-Ting Yu, Ling Wang, Hua Wang, Yu Liu, Ye-Shan Chen, Jun-Hua Mei, Xiao-Jia Gao, Zhu-Yan Li, Li-Juan Gan, Can He, Zhen Li, Yu-Ying Shi, Yu-Wen Qi, Jing Yang, Daniel G. Tenen, Li Chai, Lorelei Ann Mucci, Mauricio Santillana, Hongbing Cai. Patients with cancer appear more vulnerable to SARS-COV-2: A multi-center study during the COVID-19 outbreak [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr CT406.
Mass cytometry detects H3.3K27M-specific vaccine responses in diffuse midline glioma
Authors: Sabine Mueller, Jared M. Taitt, Javier E. Villanueva-Meyer, Erin R. Bonner, Takahide Nejo, Rishi R. Lulla, Stewart Goldman, Anu Banerjee, Susan N. Chi, Nicholas S. Whipple, John R. Crawford, Karen Gauvain, Kellie J. Nazemi, Payal B. Watchmaker, Neil D. Almeida, Kaori Okada, Andres M. Salazar, Ryan D. Gilbert, Javad Nazarian, Annette M. Molinaro, Lisa H. Butterfield, Michael D. Prados, Hideho Okada
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

BACKGROUNDPatients with diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs), including diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), have dismal outcomes. We previously described the H3.3K27M mutation as a shared neoantigen in HLA-A*02.01+, H3.3K27M+ DMGs. Within the Pacific Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Consortium, we assessed the safety and efficacy of an H3.3K27M-targeted peptide vaccine.METHODSNewly diagnosed patients, aged 3-21 years, with HLA-A*02.01+ and H3.3K27M+ status were enrolled in stratum A (DIPG) or stratum B (nonpontine DMG). Vaccine was administered in combination with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid-poly-I-lysine carboxymethylcellulose (poly-ICLC) every 3 weeks for 8 cycles, followed by once every 6 weeks. Immunomonitoring and imaging were performed every 3 months. Imaging was centrally reviewed. Immunological responses were assessed in PBMCs using mass cytometry.RESULTSA total of 19 patients were enrolled in stratum A (median age,11 years) and 10 in stratum B (median age, 13 years). There were no grade-4 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). Injection site reaction was the most commonly reported TRAE. Overall survival (OS) at 12 months was 40% (95% CI, 22%-73%) for patients in stratum A and 39% (95% CI, 16%-93%) for patients in stratum B. The median OS was 16.1 months for patients who had an expansion of H3.3K27M-reactive CD8+ T cells compared with 9.8 months for their counterparts (P = 0.05). Patients with DIPG with below-median baseline levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells had prolonged OS compared with their counterparts (P < 0.01). Immediate pretreatment dexamethasone administration was inversely associated with H3.3K27M-reactive CD8+ T cell responses.CONCLUSIONAdministration of the H3.3K27M-specific vaccine was well tolerated. Patients with H3.3K27M-specific CD8+ immunological responses demonstrated prolonged OS compared with nonresponders.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT02960230.FUNDINGThe V Foundation, the Pacific Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Consortium Foundation, the Pediatric Brain Tumor Foundation, the Mithil Prasad Foundation, the MCJ Amelior Foundation, the Anne and Jason Farber Foundation, Will Power Research Fund Inc., the Isabella Kerr Molina Foundation, the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH (R35NS105068).
Abstract 6494: Personalize My Treatment (PMT): A pan-Canadian initiative integrating precision oncology across Canada - PMT-001 pilot project
Authors: Maud Marques, Karen Gambaro, Mathilde Couetoux de Tertre, Suzan McNamara, Cyrla Hoffer, Richard Fajzel, Gerald Batist
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract More than 90% of cancer therapeutics in development are targeted therapies. Although the number of patients who can benefit from targeted therapies is increasing, many of the biomarkers are identified in only a small fraction of patients. Identifying and enrolling these rare cancer patient sub-populations into clinical trials presents an enormous challenge to both pharmaceutical companies and clinicians. Furthermore, in Canada, the lack of harmonized standard of care molecular testing for cancer patients results in a discordance in the number of genes tested across Hospital sites. Identifying patients with biomarkers of interest across Canada is essential to attract precision oncology clinical trials to Canada and to offer cancer patients better therapeutic options and improved outcomes. Founded in 2014, Exactis Innovation is a non-profit Academic Research Organization which aims to integrate precision oncology across Canada. Exactis has consolidated a pan-Canadian network of 13 cancer care centre sites and 4 federated laboratories. Network sites host an REB-approved molecular cancer patient registry (PMT), through which patients can be profiled, identified as carrying a biomarker, followed throughout their disease trajectory and be re-contacted if their molecular profile matches a clinical trial or an approved therapy. Here we report the results of Exactis' first profiling initiative (PMT-001), performed across 8 Exactis Network sites within 3 Canadian provinces in a four months' time period. In summary, 447 individual tumors specimens were collected from breast, colorectal, lung and ovary cancer patients and 382 were profiled using the Oncomine comprehensive assay v3 (OCAv3) panel DNA (n=365) and OCAv3 DNA/RNA (n=151). At least one aberration was identified in 346 participants. As expected, the top mutated genes across the 4 cohorts were TP53 (50%), PIK3CA(15%), KRAS (12.5%) and BRCA1/2 (12%/11%). At the fusion level, we identified EML4-ALK (5.2%), KIF5B-RET(1.7%) and MET exon 14 skipping (3.4%) in NSCLC participants and we identified RSPO3 (3%) and RSPO2 (2%) fusion in colorectal cancer participants. The profiling pilot of the PMT initiative shows how strong foundations within the Exactis pan-Canadian network is resulting in fast, high quality and meaningful molecular data for Canadian cancer patients. Citation Format: Maud Marques, Karen Gambaro, Mathilde Couetoux de Tertre, Suzan McNamara, Cyrla Hoffer, The Exactis Network, Richard Fajzel, Gerald Batist. Personalize My Treatment (PMT): A pan-Canadian initiative integrating precision oncology across Canada - PMT-001 pilot project [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6494.
Abstract 17311: Clinical Trajectory of Left Ventricular Systolic Function in Septic Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Minnan Xu-Wilson, Grace Yeo, Tristan Bepler, Akl C Fahed, Daniel H Katz, Christina W Chen, Leo A Celi, Neel M Butala
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Changes in left ventricular (LV) systolic function have been widely reported in the setting of sepsis. However, the clinical trajectory of systolic function in patients after recovery...
Colorectal cancer stem cells: Characterization and functional analysis
Authors: T. Yeung, J. Wilding, W. Bodmer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

4124 Background: Cancer stem cells are defined as cells within a tumour that are able to self-renew and differentiate into all cell lineages within that tumour. With our extensive panel of colorectal cell lines, our aims are: 1) To characterise and isolate cancer stem cells based on stem cell markers, morphological appearances and the ability to form multiple lineages; 2) To understand how cancer stem cells drive tumour growth and progression. Methods: 1) Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorting (FACS); 2) In vitro soft agar clonogenic and Matrigel differentiation assays; 3) In vivo tumourigenic NOD/SCID mice assay; 4) Confocal immunofluorescence imaging. Results: 1) A subpopulation of cells can differentiate into crypt-like megacolonies, retaining the ability to self-renew and differentiate. SW1222 cell line forms heterogeneous colonies when single cells are plated in Matrigel. Megacolonies can both self-renew and form terminally differentiated small colonies, whereas small colonies cannot form megacolonies. Megacolonies develop crypt-like structures and increase their expression of differentiation markers (CDX-1, CK-20) over time. Experiments are currently under way to confirm that cells from megacolonies are able to initiate tumours in NOD/SCID mice. Some cell lines retain the ability to differentiate into both neuroendocrine and epithelial lineages. 2) CD44+CD24+ enriches for the cancer stem cell population. Colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116, HT29, LS180, LS174T and SW1222 express both CD44 and CD24. The CD44+CD24+ subpopulation is the most clonogenic. In SW1222, CD44+CD24+ cells enrich for megacolonies and can reform all four CD44/CD24 subpopulations. 3) Hypoxia reduces differentiation, increases stem-like phenotype and enhances clonogenicity. Hypoxia increases the proportion of undifferentiated colorectal cancer cells when plated on Matrigel and increases clonogenicity. Conclusions: 1) Colorectal cancer cell lines contain subpopulations of cells that have the ability to self-renew, differentiate and drive tumour growth, and may be characterised by their cell surface markers and colony morphology. 2) CD44+CD24+ can be used as markers for colorectal cancer stem cells. 3) Hypoxia increases the stem-like phenotype of cancer cells, reduces differentiation and increases clonogenicity. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Covid-19: face masks can be devastating for people with hearing loss but alternatives are available
Authors: Ali Poostchi, Mong-Loon Kuet, Patrick S Richardson, Moneesh K Patel
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Chodosh and colleagues1 and Grote and Izagaren2 highlight an important matter but overlook the use of face shields, hoods, and other clear barriers that decrease disease transmission, facilitate lip reading, and …
A second X chromosome contributes to resilience in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Emily J. Davis, Lauren Broestl, Samira Abdulai-Saiku, Kurtresha Worden, Luke W. Bonham, Elena Miñones-Moyano, Arturo J. Moreno, Dan Wang, Kevin Chang, Gina Williams, Bayardo I. Garay, Iryna Lobach, Nino Devidze, Daniel Kim, Cliff Anderson-Bergman, Gui-Qiu Yu, Charles C. White, Julie A. Harris, Bruce L. Miller, David A. Bennett, Arthur P. Arnold, Phil L. De Jager, Jorge J. Palop, Barbara Panning, Jennifer S. Yokoyama, Lennart Mucke, Dena B. Dubal
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2020)

The second X chromosome confers resilience in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease potentially through the X-linked gene Kdm6a .