tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The impact of bevacizumab on the occurrence and recurrence of intracranial brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.
Authors: Mohamed E. Salem, Nicholas Szerlip, Nathan A. Pennell, Khaled B. Ali, David Altshuler, Stephanie Taylor, Abhirami Hallock, Ammar Sukari, Shirish M. Gadgeel, Antoinette J. Wozniak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

2081 Background: Patients (pts) with brain metastases (BM) have a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Approximately 40-50% of pts with NSCLC will develop BM during the course of their disease. A better understanding of the pathobiology of BM and the development of targeted agents hold promise for improved prophylaxis and therapy of BM which could have significant impact on disease progression and pt's survival. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor has been implicated in setting up a metastatic niche allowing cells to seed and grow in the brain parenchyma. Inhibition of this signaling has been studied and shown to be effective in reducing BM in animal models. Methods: The objective of this retrospective study was to determine whether bevacizumab decreases the incidence and or the recurrence of BM in pts with NSCLC. We retrospectively identified NSCLC pts with and without BM treated with bevacizumab. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who developed BM on or after bevacizumab therapy. Secondary endpoints were rate of local or regional recurrence after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Occurrence of BM was evaluated by retrospectively reviewing MRI and or CT scans. Results: A total of 30 pts with stage IV non-squamous NSCLC who had no BM at diagnosis treated with bevacizumab (Non-BM group, NBMG) and 85 pts with non-squamous NSCLC who had BM and underwent SRS (BM group, BMG) were studied (46%M; median age 60 years (range 32-84). In the NBMG, 28% of pts developed BM. Median time to development of BM was 10.5 months. In the BMG, 4 pts were treated with bevacizumab following SRS. Of these 4 pts, 3 pts (75%) had no recurrence while 1 pt (25%) developed local then regional recurrence at 7 and 9 months, respectively. Of the remaining 81 pts who underwent SRS but never received bevacizumab, 27% of pts had local recurrence and 41% had regional recurrence at median time of 4 and 4.5 months, respectively. Conclusions: Bevacizumab may have a role in the treatment of NSCLC in regards to development and recurrence of brain metastases. These results support the need for further prospective investigation in a larger patient population with matched controls.
Abstract 293: CPR And AED for Layperson Initiative in a Place of Worship
Authors: Ali Haedar
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Lack of recognition of cardiac arrest leads to almost 100% of deaths outside the hospital. Therefore, sudden cardiac arrest management in out-of-hospital setting by laypeople is paramount. Early implementation of high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the use of Automated Eternal Defibrillator (AED) have significantly improved chances of survival. Anyone can save lives and reduce sequelae in sudden cardiac arrest situations if they have the ability to perform CPR and use AED. Nonetheless, laypeople’s knowledge of CPR and AED has been little investigated in Indonesia. Method: This study is aimed to explore laypeople’s knowledge, possible barriers and interest regarding CPR-AED. This 2-hour CPR-AED for layperson certification course, comprises instructional presentation and video demo followed by a hands-on practice sequence on how to call EMS 119, perform hands-only CPR, and use an AED. As we conducted in a church, they would understand how important it is to be prepared for every situation that might arise. We collected questionnaires received from laypersons attending CPR and AED training course. Result: Of 105 worshippers, only 57 were willing to take the class after Sunday service; 27 (47.37%) were male and 30 (52.63%) were female. The age was ranged from 18 to 76, with average of 49 years old. Less than one tenth of the respondents (n = 51, 89.47%) had never attended a CPR-AED course before. Nearly the whole sample considered the knowledge of CPR-AED important, most of the respondents (n=55, 96.49%) showed a willingness to perform CPR and 54 (94.74%) for AED. The average of correct answers was 80.35%. This value was higher among subjects with higher level of education (85.24%) and lesser among those who reported previous training in CPR-AED (76.67% ± 17.8%). Discussion: Laypeople recognized their role in the immediate care given to victims of sudden cardiac arrest situations and had a positive attitude toward CPR, but previous inadequate knowledge and training were found. Maintaining better knowledge and skills retention, regular and refresher training for community are recommended. Teaching CPR-AED in a place of worship is an effective way to develop readiness of laypeople ready for such emergency situation.
Current challenges in the management of nonsmall cell lung cancer brain metastases
Authors: Lizza E.L. Hendriks, Jacques Cadranel, Thierry Berghmans
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>Brain metastases remain a major problem in NSCLC. Major improvements in systemic therapies have been observed during the past decade but their impact on brain metastases control as well as their combination with radiation techniques needs further research.</b>http://bit.ly/2Jn4v5a
Global Prevalence and Incidence Estimates of Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Changchang Li, Xiaoqiong Tang, Xiaoyan Zheng, Shuqi Ge, Hao Wen, Xiaoqiong Lin, Zhiwei Chen, Liming Lu
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2020)

Integrated information on the global prevalence and incidence of oral lichen planus (OLP) is lacking.To examine the global prevalence and incidence of OLP in a systematic review and meta-analysis.A systematic review of population-based studies and clinic-based studies reporting the prevalence and incidence of OLP was performed using 3 electronic medical databases (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, and MEDLINE) from their inception to March 2019. The search terms included "(lichen planus or LP) and (prevalence or incidence or epidemiology)." No language restriction was applied.Observational descriptive studies investigating the prevalence and incidence of OLP were included.Data were extracted by continent, sex, and other characteristics. The risk of bias was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Instrument for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data using random-effects models to synthesize available evidence.The primary outcome was the prevalence (with 95% CIs) of OLP among the overall population and among subgroups. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic.Among 46 studies, the overall pooled estimated prevalence of OLP was 0.89% (95% CI, 0.38%-2.05%) among the general population (n = 462 993) and 0.98% (95% CI, 0.67%-1.43%) among clinical patients (n = 191 963). Among the 15 population-based studies, the prevalence of OLP was 0.57% (95% CI, 0.15%-2.18%) in Asia, 1.68% (95% CI, 1.09%-2.58%) in Europe, and 1.39% (95% CI, 0.58%-3.28%) in South America. Among the 31 clinic-based studies, the prevalence was 1.43% (95% CI, 1.12%-1.83%) in Africa, 0.87% (95% CI, 0.61%-1.25%) in Asia, 1.03% (95% CI, 0.51%-2.09%) in Europe, 0.11% (95% CI, 0.07%-0.16%) in North America, and 3.18% (95% CI, 0.97%-9.95%) in South America. The pooled prevalence of OLP by sex was 1.55% (95% CI, 0.83%-2.89%) for women and 1.11% (95% CI, 0.57%-2.14%) for men in the population-based studies and 1.69% (95% CI, 1.05%-2.70%) for women and 1.09% (95% CI, 0.67%-1.77%) for men in the clinic-based studies. In 5 clinic-based studies providing the age distribution of patients with OLP, the prevalence by age was 0.62% (95% CI, 0.33%-1.13%) among patients younger than 40 years and 1.90% (95% CI, 1.16%-3.10%) among patients 40 years and older.This study identified the global prevalence and incidence of OLP in terms of its spatial, temporal, and population distribution. The overall estimated pooled prevalence of OLP was 0.89% among the general population and 0.98% among clinical patients. A higher prevalence of OLP was found in non-Asian countries, among women, and among people 40 years and older. The findings should be considered with caution because of the high heterogeneity of the included studies.
Demonstration of a portable intracortical brain-computer interface
Authors: Jeffrey M. Weiss, Robert A. Gaunt, Robert Franklin, Michael L. Boninger, Jennifer L. Collinger
Journal: Brain-Computer Interfaces (2019)

While recent advances in intracortical brain-computer interfaces (iBCI) have demonstrated the ability to restore motor and communication functions, such demonstrations have generally been confined to controlled experimental settings and have required bulky laboratory hardware. Here, we developed and evaluated a self-contained portable iBCI that enabled the user to interact with various computer programs. The iBCI, which weighs 1.5 kg, consists of digital headstages, a small signal processing hub, and a tablet PC. A human participant tested the portable iBCI in laboratory and home settings under an FDA Investigational Device Exemption (NCT01894802). The participant successfully completed 96% of trials in a 2D cursor center-out task with the portable iBCI, a rate indistinguishable from that achieved with the standard laboratory iBCI. The participant also completed a variety of free-form tasks, including drawing, gaming, and typing.
Association of SPARC expression with metastatic progression and prostate cancer-specific mortality after radical prostatectomy.
Authors: Claudio Jeldres, Richard Bruce Johnston, Christopher R. Porter, Peter Nelson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

5071 Background: We assessed the expression of the glycoprotein SPARC (secreted protein, acidic, rich in cysteine) in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) and studied its association with adverse clinico-pathological features at RP and long-term clinical outcomes, such as metastatic progression after surgery and cancer-specific death. Methods: Tissues from 78 patients with PCa were used to quantify SPARC expression using tissue microarray (TMA) and immunohistochemistry techniques (IHC). Anti-SPARC mouse monoclonal antibody were use to target the protein and for each patients 4 samples of tissue were used for cytoplasmic staining. Staining of each core was reviewed by an uropathologist who assigned a score (score 0-3) to each core and a global score also assigned to each patient (score 0-3). Analyses of the data relied in cross tables, T-test analyses, survival plots and Cox regression models. Results: Higher expression of SPARC protein was recorded in patients who develop metastases during follow-up after RP (p=0.025) and in patients who died of PCa after RP (p=0.002). Median follow-up of the cohort was 9.3 years after RP. At 5 years, 95.5%, 92.0% and 89.3% of patients were metastases-free for SPARC expression score 1, 2 and 3 respectively. For the same categories, 10 years after RP, 82.2%, 77.0% and 69.9% were metastases-free (Log-rank tests all p≤0.05). Similarly, patients with high SPARC expression had worse cancer-specific survival at 5 and 10 years after RP compared to those with low SPARC expression (Log-rank tests all p≤0.01 when score 1 was compared to score 2 or score 3). Finally, advanced stage at RP (T3-T4) [p=0.04] and high Gleason sum (8-10) [p=0.02] were also associated with higher expression of SPARC. Conclusions: High SPARC expression was associated with worse outcomes in men with prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy. Men who developed metastatic disease and men who succumbed to prostate cancer had higher levels of SPARC at radical prostatectomy than their counterpart. SPARC may have an important role in the progression of the disease and may eventually help clinician to better ascertain the risk of progression of the disease.
Parkinson's Disease: Old Concepts and New Challenges
Authors: Cacabelos Ramón
Journal: Alzheimers Disease & Dementia (2016)

It is highly unlikely that James Parkinson (1755-1824), who first described the paralysis agitans in his Assay on the Shaking Palsy in 1817 (years later rebadged by Jean-Martin Charcot as Parkinson's disease), could have imagined that the disorder that today bears his name would become the neurodegenerative disorder that, after Alzheimer's disease, has the largest impact on the elderly population. With a prevalence ranging from 35.8 per 100,000 to 12,500 per 100,000 and annual incidence estimates ranging from 1.5 per 100,000 to 346 per 100,000 in different countries, Parkinson's disease is a major age-related health problem. Meta-analysis of the worldwide data indicates a rising prevalence of Parkinson's disease with age (41 per 100,000 at 40-49 years; 107 at 50-59 years; 173 at 55-64 years; 428 at 60-69 years; 425 at 65-74 years; 1087 at 70-79 years; and 1903 per 100,000 at over age 80), that has a characteristic distribution by geographic location (a prevalence of 1,601 per 100,000 in patients from North America, Europe and Australia, and a prevalence of 646 per 100,000 in Asian patients).
C reactive protein testing in general practice safely reduces antibiotic use for flare-ups of COPD
Authors: Rob Cook, Johnny Lyon-Maris, Alicia White
Journal: BMJ (2019)

The study Butler CC, Gillespie D, White P, et al. C-reactive protein testing to guide antibiotic prescribing for COPD exacerbations. N Engl J Med 2019;381:111-20. This research was funded by the NIHR Technology Assessment Programme (project number 12/33/12). The testing machines used in the study were loaned to researchers by the manufacturer, who also provided training on their use. The manufacturer had no other role in any part of the trial. To read the full NIHR Signal, go to https://discover.dc.nihr.ac.uk/content/signal-000820/crp-testing-safely-reduces-antibiotic-use-for-copd-flare-ups
Administration of contrast media just before the cisplatin-based chemotherapy increases the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
Authors: Mehmet Ali Nahit Sendur, Sercan Aksoy, Sebnem Yaman, Fahriye Tugba Kos, Zafer Arik, Burak Civelek, Nuriye Özdemir, Dogan Uncu, Nurullah Zengin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e13031 Background: The most important dose-limiting manifestation of cisplatin is renal tubular dysfunction and a cumulative impairment in renal function, as manifested by a decline in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). There is a clinical need to predict the probability of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN), in order to support decisions about patient management and preventive measures. The aim of the present study was to develop risk prediction of CIN. Methods: Consecutive 197 patients with documented serum creatinine before at least 48 hours every cycle cisplatin-based chemotherapy were included the study. Demographic and medical data including age, performance status, tumor characteristics and comorbid diseases were collected from the medical charts. Renal function was evaluated for each cycle before treatment (day 0) and before next cycle (day 21) based on the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula. Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN) was defined as decrease of ≥ 25% in GFR compared to baseline GFR values. Results: The mean age of the study population was 54.5±9.6 years. Baseline MDRD levels had decreased of ≥ 25% in 58 (29.4%) patients accepted as CIN group, the rest of 139 patients of the study population accepted as a non-CIN group. There was no difference of age, gender, body mass index and smoking history between groups. In both group, the hypertension (p=0.81), diabetes mellitus (p=0.72), and cardiovascular disease (p=0.58) were seen equally. Types of concomitant therapy with cisplatin-based chemotherapy were similar between CIN and non-CIN groups. The applied radiologic examinations with contrast media was observed higher in CIN group than non-CIN group (P=0.01). In patients exposure the contrast media within one week before cisplatin administration, the risk of CIN was observed 2.56 (95%CI: 1.28-5.11) times higher than in patients not exposure to the contrast (p=0.009). Conclusions: In patients exposure the contrast media within one week before cisplatin administration, the risk of CIN was observed higher than in patients not exposure to the contrast. No additional risk factor of CIN was found in this retrospective observational study.
Abstract 17139: Spatiotemporal Association Between Violent Crime And Ambulatory Elevations In Systolic Blood Pressure In Chicago
Authors: W. Wyatt Wilson, Rhys F Chua, Stephanie A Besser, Elizabeth L Tung, Marynia Kolak, Corey E Tabit
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Patients living in high-crime areas often have hypertension. However, the spatiotemporal effect of violent crime events, particularly changes from local baseline crime rates, on an in...
Prospective and working memory decline as a result of impaired sleep and/or impared blood glucose in breast cancer patients during chemotherapy treatment.
Authors: Liliana Moyers-Ruiz, Tamas Hickish, Simon Thompson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

TPS9148 Background: Breast cancer patients might develop impaired sleep patterns during chemotherapy, and impaired cognitive function has been associated with sleep patterns disruption. It has been suggested that sleepiness (sleep tendency) in cancer patients is prevalent and causes distress in the patient’s quality of life, that and their cognitive abilities are also affected. Furthermore, increased blood glucose levels among women undergoing chemotherapy may contrubute to memory deficits in breast cancer patients. It is proposed that Prospective and Working Memory are being affected by the disturbance of these biological factors over the course of chemotherapy. Methods: Ninety participants will be invited to take part in the study. Thirty will be breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy treatment, thirty breast cancer patients receiving treatment other than chemotheray, and thirty healthy controls. Measures of sleep and sleepiness, will be administered at 4 testing sessions during a 9-month period, along with a neuropsychological battery. Additionally, blood samples will be analysed. Eight of planned 60 cancer patients have been enrolled, and four of them have completed the second testing session. For the assessment of sleep/wake activity, participants will be required to wear a sleeping monitor (sensewear armband) for 7 days. Pupil dilatation to observe sleepiness will be meassured by using a Pupillometry developed at Poole hospital in the UK. Prospective Memory will be assessed using CAMPROMT test to analyse if this is a more sensitive measure for mild cognitive impairment. Discussion: Impairment on variables such as sleep, sleepiness and glucose have not been studied within the context of Chemo-Brain on breast cancer patients.Therefore we want to observe whether impaired sleep and sleepiness, and impaired glucose levels are at the core of Prospective and Working Memory decline in Chemo-Brain patients in order to find a cause-and-effect relationship as a consequence of chemotherapy.
Leukocyte Traits and Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter Air Pollution in the Women’s Health Initiative and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Rahul Gondalia, Katelyn M. Holliday, Antoine Baldassari, Anne E. Justice, James D. Stewart, Duanping Liao, Jeff D. Yanosky, Stephanie M. Engel, Kristina M. Jordahl, Parveen Bhatti, Steve Horvath, Themistocles L. Assimes, James S. Pankow, Ellen W. Demerath, Weihua Guan, Myriam Fornage, Jan Bressler, Kari E. North, Karen N. Conneely, Yun Li, Lifang Hou, Andrea A. Baccarelli, Eric A. Whitsel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2020)

Background: Inflammatory effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) air pollution exposures may underlie PM-related increases in cardiovascular disease risk and mortality, although evidence of PM-associated leukocytosis is inconsistent and largely based on small, cross-sectional, and/or unrepresentative study populations. Objectives: Our objective was to estimate PM–leukocyte associations among U.S. women and men in the Women's Health Initiative and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (n=165,675). Methods: We based the PM–leukocyte estimations on up to four study visits per participant, at which peripheral blood leukocytes and geocoded address-specific concentrations of PM≤10, ≤2.5, and 2.5–10μm in diameter (PM10, PM2.5, and PM2.5–10, respectively) were available. We multiply imputed missing data using chained equations and estimated PM–leukocyte count associations over daily to yearly PM exposure averaging periods using center-specific, linear, mixed, longitudinal models weighted for attrition and adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, meteorological, and geographic covariates. In a subset of participants with available data (n=8,457), we also estimated PM–leukocyte proportion associations in compositional data analyses. Results: We found a 12 cells/μL (95% confidence interval: −9, 33) higher leukocyte count, a 1.2% (0.6%, 1.8%) higher granulocyte proportion, and a −1.1% (−1.9%, −0.3%) lower CD8+ T-cell proportion per 10-μg/m3 increase in 1-month mean PM2.5. However, shorter-duration PM10 exposures were inversely and only modestly associated with leukocyte count. Discussion: The PM2.5–leukocyte estimates, albeit imprecise, suggest that among racially, ethnically, and environmentally diverse U.S. populations, sustained, ambient exposure to fine PM may induce subclinical, but epidemiologically important, inflammatory effects. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5360
Economic growth of BRIC nations and access to early-phase oncology clinical trials: An overview.
Authors: Heloisa Veasey Rodrigues, Prasanth Ganesan, Xiaochun Liu, Vivek Subbiah
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e17554 Background: With increasing globalization we have witnessed exponential economic growth in the BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) nations. Concurrently, clinical trials have been outsourced to these countries. We sought to investigate the current status of early phase oncology clinical trials in the BRIC countries, exemplifying the impact of these emerging economies and global markets in health care. Methods: We reviewed the clinicaltrials.gov database for registered early phase trials (Phase I/II) in the BRIC countries; 2. We looked at research from these countries collectively. 3. We reviewed specific challenges and prognosticated the road ahead through a literature review. Results: We identified374 active early phase clinical trials in BRIC countries as of October 2012. China had 68% (255/374) of the trials, Brazil 14% (51/374), Russia 12% (47/374) and India 6% (21/374). Twenty-three trials were registered in more than one BRIC; therefore we analyzed 348 different trials. Gastrointestinal (20%, 70/348), lung (19%, 67/348) and breast (17%, 57/348) cancers were the most studied. Most of the trials were sponsored by universities or hospitals (51%, 176/348) and most conducted in a single country (73%, 247/348) with 70% of therapy intended to be palliative (243/348). Combined agents were most commonly studied (57%, 199/348). Among the 217 targeted-agent trials, 23% targeted the EGFR pathway, 18% the VEGFR, 11% involved multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors and 10% the PI3K-mTOR pathway. Funding mechanisms and sponsorship of studies were disparate. Industry-sponsored studies comprised 24% (62/255) in China, 96% (45/47) in Russia, 80% (41/51) in Brazil and 57% (12/21) in India. Conclusions: Despite theeconomic explosion and shift of non-oncology clinical trials to BRIC nations, USA and Europe still lead in conducting early phase clinical trials in oncology. China accounts for 19% of world’s population and has the majority (68%) of trials while India (17% of World’s population) has only 6%. A dominance of industry-sponsored studies in BRIC countries other than China was found. Significant challenges in infrastructure and trained personnel remain, but efforts to overcome them are underway.