tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Novel Retinoic Acid Metabolism Blocking Agents (RAMBAs) Induce Differentiation in ATRA Resistant Cell Line: Potential New Theraputics for Acute Promyleocytic Leukemia (APL).
Authors: Kavita B. Kalra, Xiangfei Cheng, Marion Womak, Christopher Gocke, Jyoti B. Patel, Vincent C.O. Njar, Naoko Takebe
Journal: Blood (2005)
Human Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Regulate Immune Responses through Lactate Synthesis
Authors: Eros Marin, Laurence Bouchet-Delbos, Ophélie Renoult, Cédric Louvet, Véronique Nerriere-Daguin, Amy J. Managh, Amandine Even, Matthieu Giraud, Thien Phong Vu Manh, Audrey Aguesse, Gaelle Bériou, Elise Chiffoleau, Brigitte Alliot-Licht, Xavier Prieur, Mikael Croyal, James A. Hutchinson, Natasa Obermajer, Edward K. Geissler, Bernard Vanhove, Gilles Blancho, Marc Dalod, Régis Josien, Claire Pecqueur, Maria-Cristina Cuturi, Aurélie Moreau
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2019)
再分極化の貫壁性分散における交感神経刺激とベータ・ブロッカーの差動効果:先天性QT延長症候群のLQT1およびLQT2携帯での87鉛体表マッピングから測定
Authors: Tanabe Y, Aiba T, Inagaki M, Kurita T, Suyama K, Taguchi A, Aihara N, Kamakura S, Nakamura K, Ohe T, Towbin Ja, Napolitano C, Priori Sg, Shimizu W
Journal: Circulation (2001)
WT1 Expression as Follow up Marker in CML: Low Impact and Sensitivity Compared to BCR-ABL Specific RQ-PCR but High Impact for Detection of New Aberrant Clones in BCR-ABL Negative Follow up Samples
Authors: Susanne Schnittger, Claudia Haferlach, Claudia Tschulik, Wolfgang Kern, Torsten Haferlach
Journal: Blood (2008)
Paralogization and New Protein Architectures in Planctomycetes Bacteria with Complex Cell Structures
Authors: Mayank Mahajan, Benjamin Yee, Emil Hägglund, Lionel Guy, John A Fuerst, Siv G E Andersson
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2019)

Bacteria of the phylum Planctomycetes have a unique cell plan with an elaborate intracellular membrane system, thereby resembling eukaryotic cells. The origin and evolution of these remarkable features is debated. To study the evolutionary genomics of bacteria with complex cell architectures, we have resequenced the 9.2-Mb genome of the model organism Gemmata obscuriglobus and sequenced the 10-Mb genome of G. massiliana Soil9, the 7.9-Mb genome of CJuql4, and the 6.7-Mb genome of Tuwongella immobilis, all of which belong to the family Gemmataceae. A gene flux analysis of the Planctomycetes revealed a massive emergence of novel protein families at multiple nodes within the Gemmataceae. The expanded protein families have unique multidomain architectures composed of domains that are characteristic of prokaryotes, such as the sigma factor domain of extracytoplasmic sigma factors, and domains that have proliferated in eukaryotes, such as the WD40, leucine-rich repeat, tetratricopeptide repeat and Ser/Thr kinase domains. Proteins with identifiable domains in the Gemmataceae have longer lengths and linkers than proteins in most other bacteria, and the analyses suggest that these traits were ancestrally present in the Planctomycetales. A broad comparison of protein length distribution profiles revealed an overlap between the longest proteins in prokaryotes and the shortest proteins in eukaryotes. We conclude that the many similarities between proteins in the Planctomycetales and the eukaryotes are due to convergent evolution and that there is no strict boundary between prokaryotes and eukaryotes with regard to features such as gene paralogy, protein length, and protein domain composition patterns.
Inhibition of Proteasome Is Associated with Early Alterations of Cell Cycle Regulators and Induces Synergistic Antitumour Activities in Mantle Cell Lymphoma in a Sequence Dependent Manner.
Authors: Alessandro Pastore, Malte Rieken, Oliver Weigert, Yvonne Zimmermann, Grit Hutter, Marc Weinkauf, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Martin Dreyling
Journal: Blood (2005)
Histone H4 Acetylation as a Prognostic Factor for Patients with Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia in First Relapse.
Authors: Anjali Advani, Sarah Gibson, Elizabeth Douglas, Tao Jin, Matt Kalaycio, Edward A. Copelan, Mikkael A Sekeres, Ronald Sobecks, Shawnda Sungren, Eric Hsi
Journal: Blood (2008)
Abstract 16767: Mutations in the Gene Encoding for Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 are Associated with High Levels of Plasma High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Authors: Adriaan G Holleboom, Helen Karlsson, Mahdi M Motazacker, Michael R Haydn, John J Kastelein, Mats Lindahl, Erik S Stroes, G. K Hovingh, Jan A Kuivenhoven
Journal: Circulation (2010)

GALNT2 encoding polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (GalNAc-T2) was recently identified in genome-wide association studies to be involved in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism. S...
FLASH Irradiation Spares Lung Progenitor Cells and Limits the Incidence of Radio-induced Senescence
Authors: Charles Fouillade, Sandra Curras-Alonso, Lorena Giuranno, Eddy Quelennec, Sophie Heinrich, Sarah Bonnet-Boissinot, Arnaud Beddok, Sophie Leboucher, Hamza Umut Karakurt, Mylène Bohec, Sylvain Baulande, Marc Vooijs, Pierre Verrelle, Marie Dutreix, Arturo Londoño-Vallejo, Vincent Favaudon
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Purpose: One of the main limitations to anticancer radiotherapy lies in irreversible damage to healthy tissues located within the radiation field. “FLASH” irradiation at very high dose-rate is a new treatment modality that has been reported to specifically spare normal tissue from late radiation-induced toxicity in animal models and therefore could be a promising strategy to reduce treatment toxicity. Experimental Design: Lung responses to FLASH irradiation were investigated by qPCR, single-cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNA-Seq), and histologic methods during the acute wound healing phase as well as at late stages using C57BL/6J wild-type and Terc−/− mice exposed to bilateral thorax irradiation as well as human lung cells grown in vitro. Results: In vitro studies gave evidence of a reduced level of DNA damage and induced lethality at the advantage of FLASH. In mouse lung, sc-RNA-seq and the monitoring of proliferating cells revealed that FLASH minimized the induction of proinflammatory genes and reduced the proliferation of progenitor cells after injury. At late stages, FLASH-irradiated lungs presented less persistent DNA damage and senescent cells than after CONV exposure, suggesting a higher potential for lung regeneration with FLASH. Consistent with this hypothesis, the beneficial effect of FLASH was lost in Terc−/− mice harboring critically short telomeres and lack of telomerase activity. Conclusions: The results suggest that, compared with conventional radiotherapy, FLASH minimizes DNA damage in normal cells, spares lung progenitor cells from excessive damage, and reduces the risk of replicative senescence.
Two cases of airport-associated falciparum malaria in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, October 2019
Authors: Imke Wieters, Philip Eisermann, Frauke Borgans, Katharina Giesbrecht, Udo Goetsch, Gudrun Just-Nübling, Johanna Kessel, Simone Lieberknecht, Birgit Muntau, Dennis Tappe, Joscha Schork, Timo Wolf
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2019)

Two cases of presumably airport-acquired falciparum malaria were diagnosed in Frankfurt in October 2019. They were associated with occupation at the airport, and Plasmodium falciparum parasites from their blood showed genetically identical microsatellite and allele patterns. Both had severe malaria. It took more than a week before the diagnosis was made. If symptoms are indicative and there is a plausible exposure, malaria should be considered even if patients have not travelled to an endemic area.
Increased mitochondrial apoptotic priming with targeted therapy predicts clinical response to re‐induction chemotherapy
Authors: Jacqueline S. Garcia, Shruti Bhatt, Geoffrey Fell, Adam S. Sperling, Michael Burgess, Hasmik Keshishian, Binyam Yilma, Andrew Brunner, Donna Neuberg, Steven A. Carr, Benjamin L. Ebert, Karen Ballen, Richard M. Stone, Daniel J. DeAngelo, Bruno C. Medeiros, Anthony Letai
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2019)

Most patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) do not benefit from current re-induction or approved targeted therapies. In the absence of targetable genetic mutations, there is minimal guidance on optimal treatment selection particularly in the R/R setting highlighting an unmet need for clinically useful functional biomarkers. Blood and bone marrow samples from patients treated on two clinical trials were used to test the combination of lenalidomide (LEN) and MEC (mitoxantrone, etoposide, and cytarabine) chemotherapy in R/R AML patients. The bone marrow samples were available to test the clinical utility of the mitochondrial apoptotic BH3 and dynamic BH3 profiling (DBP) assays in predicting response, as there was no clear genetic biomarker identifying responders. To test whether LEN-induced mitochondrial priming predicted clinical response to LEN-MEC therapy, we performed DBP on patient myeloblasts. We found that short-term ex vivo treatment with lenalidomide discriminated clinical responders from non-responders based on drug-induced change in priming (delta priming). Using paired patient samples collected before and after clinical LEN treatment (prior to MEC dosing), we confirmed LEN-induced increased apoptotic priming in vivo, suggesting LEN enhanced vulnerability of myeloblasts to cytotoxic MEC chemotherapy. This is the first study demonstrating the potential role of DBP in predicting clinical response to a combination regimen. Our findings demonstrate that functional properties of relapsed AML can identify active therapies.
Başlangıç Dönem Hepatosellüler Karsinom Olgularında Sürveyansın Hasta Sağkalımına Etkileri: Japonyadan Bir Çalışma
Authors: Hidenori Toyoda, Takashi Kumada, Seiki Kiriyama, Yasuhiro Sone, Makoto Tanikawa, Yasuhiro Hisanaga, Akihiro Yamaguchi, Masatoshi Isogai, Yuji Kaneoka, sup> ve Junji Washizu ‡<
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2006)
Association of Observed Perioperative Cell-Free DNA Dynamics With Early Recurrence in Patients With Colon Cancer
Authors: Christina A. Fleming, Donal Peter O’Leary, Jianghuai Wang, Henry Paul Redmond
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2019)

whereas the mean age of the general anesthesia cohort did not (b = 0.0557; P = .47).Discussion | This analysis demonstrates increased use of spinal anesthesia for the repair of hip fractures over the study period, 2007 to 2017.This finding may be explained by the observed demographic shift, with increasing age in the spinal anesthesia cohort (but not the general anesthesia cohort) paralleling the rise in use of spinal anesthesia.Because the purported benefits of spinal anesthesia in patients with hip fractures are associated with the minimization of interventional morbidity in frail, older patients, this analysis supports the notion that use of spinal anesthesia has increased because of growth of this subpopulation, as opposed to the notion that practice patterns have shifted (eg, anesthesiologists using spinal anesthesia with greater frequency overall and/or expanding its use to younger or less frail patient subpopulations).This analysis has the limitations of any observational study, which by definition cannot demonstrate causation.How-ever, the observed trends are valuable evidence in considering the health care services implications of the noted increase in the use of spinal anesthesia.Results from randomized clinical trials are needed to determine whether increased application of spinal anesthesia to patients beyond the oldest and most frail subgroups is warranted.
Effects of the Indazolylpyrimidine GW786034 on Angiogenesis and MM Cell Growth: Therapeutic Implications.
Authors: Klaus Podar, Melissa Simoncini, Steven Le Gouill, Yu-Tzu Tai, Shaji Kumar, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Laurence P. Catley, Lini N. Pandite, Rakesh Kumar, Teru Hideshima, Dharminder Chauhan, Kenneth C. Anderson
Journal: Blood (2004)
Histone Deacetylase Inhibition with LBH589 Inhibits the Rapamycin Insensitive Rictor-mTOR (mTORC2) Complex and Translation Initiation Factor eIF4E Activation in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Mamta Gupta, Stephen M. Ansell, Anne J. Novak, Thomas E. Witzig
Journal: Blood (2008)
Efficiency of BCR: Anti-BCR Interaction Dictates Cellular Outcomes of Signaling in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells
Authors: Rajendra Damle, Sonal Temburni, Tara Schaaf, Santanu Paul, Patricia Mongini, Steven L. Allen, Matthew Kaufman, Kanti Rai, Nicholas Chiorazzi
Journal: Blood (2008)
Epo Modulation of Cell Cycle Regulatory Genes Via PY343/STAT5 and PI3K Pathways in Primary Erythroblasts.
Authors: Jing Fang, Madhu P. Menon, Pradeep Sathyanarayana, Olga Bogacheva, Oleg Bogachev, William Kapelle, Estelle Houde, Don M. Wojchowski
Journal: Blood (2006)
Mismatching at HLA-DPB1 Is Not Associated with Survival in Patients with Acquired Aplastic Anemia Who Receive Unrelated Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Hiroshi Yagasaki, Seiji Kojima, Shunichi Kato, Koji Kato, Hiromasa Yabe, Hisashi Sakamaki, Takakazu Kawase, Masahiro Tsuchida, Hisato Kigasawa, Yasuo Morishima, Yoshihisa Kodera
Journal: Blood (2008)
Notch1 Expression Is Regulated at Translational Level by 3′UTR Region in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development.
Authors: Shin-ichi Mizuno, Hidetoshi Ozawa, Hirokazu Shigematsu, Yojiro Arinobu, Chong Yong, Tadafumi Iino, Koichi Akashi
Journal: Blood (2006)
南亚人群的糖尿病预防：措施太少，行动太迟
Authors: TahseenAChowdhury, ClareGrace, PeterGKopelman, 李玉秀, 王姮
Journal: BMJ (2004)

散居在英国的南亚人群包括印度、斯里兰卡、巴基斯坦和孟加拉人。南亚人群2型糖尿病的患病率在世界范围内很多地方都增加了，包括英国。。尽管这组人群的文化和社会差别很大，但是在英国的南亚人群因冠心病的死亡率最高而名声显赫，孟加拉人尤其严重。过度的风险来自2型糖尿病危险性的明显增加(是
Impact of HLA High-Resolution Matching on Outcomes of Myeloablative Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Chinese Population
Authors: He Huang, Yi Luo, Jimin Shi, Yamin Tan, Xiaoyan Han, Xiaorong Hu, Aiyun Jin, Shuiyun Chen, Maofang Lin
Journal: Blood (2008)
Structure and Function in Cross-sectional Work—A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Charles T. Wood, Bernard F. Fuemmeler, Eliana M. Perrin
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
MUC1 intracellular bioactivation mediates lung fibrosis
Authors: Javier Milara, Beatriz Ballester, Paula Montero, Juan Escriva, Enrique Artigues, Manuel Alós, Alfonso Pastor-Clerigues, Esteban Morcillo, Julio Cortijo
Journal: Thorax (2019)

Background Serum KL6/mucin 1 (MUC1) has been identified as a potential biomarker in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but the role of MUC1 intracellular bioactivation in IPF is unknown. Objective To characterise MUC1 intracellular bioactivation in IPF. Methods and results The expression and phosphorylation of Thr 41 and Tyr 46 on the intracellular MUC1-cytoplasmic tail (CT) was increased in patients with IPF (n=22) compared with healthy subjects (n=21) and localised to fibroblasts and hyperplastic alveolar type II cells. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 phosphorylated SMAD3 and thereby increased the phosphorylation of MUC1-CT Thr 41 and Tyr 46 in lung fibroblasts and alveolar type II cells, activating β-catenin to form a phospho-Smad3/MUC1-CT and MUC1-CT/β-catenin nuclear complex. This nuclear complex promoted alveolar epithelial type II and fibroblast to myofibroblast transitions, as well as cell senescence and fibroblast proliferation. The inhibition of MUC1-CT nuclear translocation using the inhibitor, GO-201 or silencing MUC1 by siRNA, reduced myofibroblast transition, senescence and proliferation in vitro. Bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis was reduced in mice treated with GO-201 and in MUC1-knockout mice. The profibrotic lectin, galectin-3, directly activated MUC1-CT and served as a bridge between the TGF-β receptor and the MUC1-C domain, indicating TGF-β1-dependent and TGF-β1-independent intracellular bioactivation of MUC1. Conclusions MUC1 intracellular bioactivation is enhanced in IPF and promotes fibrotic processes that could represent potential druggable targets for IPF.
NUP98 Is Fused to PRRX2, a New Homeobox Partner Gene in t(9;11)(q34;p15), in a Therapy-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
Authors: Carine Gervais, Laurent Mauvieux, Nathalie Perrusson, Catherine Helias, Stephanie Struski, Vincent Leymarie, Bruno Lioure, Michel Lessard
Journal: Blood (2004)
VCAM1 Confers Innate Immune Tolerance on Hematopoietic and Leukemic Stem Cells
Authors: Sandra Pinho, Qiaozhi Wei, Maria Maryanovich, Halley Pierce, Fumio Nakahara, Jianing Xu, Daniel K. Borger, Dachuan Zhang, Amit Verma, Paul S. Frenette
Journal: Blood (2019)
p29ING4 Regulates the Production of Pro-Angiogenic Molecules by Human Myeloma Cells in Normoxic and Hypoxic Conditions Being Involved in Myeloma-Induced Angiogenesis.
Authors: Sara Tagliaferri, Francesca Morandi, Paolo Lunghi, Simona Colla, Mirca Lazzaretti, Cristina Mancini, Daniela Drandi, Marco Ladetto, Antonio Bonati, Vittorio Rizzoli, Nicola Giuliani
Journal: Blood (2006)
Targeting CDK4 in Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) Cell Lines by Specific Lentiviral shRNA Mediated Knockdown Has Profound Effects on Cell Growth and Cell Cycle but Minimal Effects on Apoptosis.
Authors: Margit Klier, Irina Bonzheim, Natasa Anastasov, Daniela Angermeier, Mark Raffeld, Falko Fend, Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
Journal: Blood (2008)
Immunological Evaluation after Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for B–Thalassemia Major
Authors: Marco Marziali, Antonella Isgro, Javid Gaziev, Daniela Fraboni, Paola Polchi, Pietro Sodani, Cecilia Alfieri, Katia Paciaroni, Cristiano Gallucci, Guido Lucarelli
Journal: Blood (2008)
AN ELDERLY CASE OF MIXED LEVOCARDIA WITH SITUS INVERSUS INCLUDING INVERTED ATRIA AND COMPLETE TRANSPOSITION OF THE GREAT VESSELS : An Autopsied Case
Authors: Takefumi Matsuo, Takaaki Yao, Mutsumi Yoshida, Kichihei Miyazaki
Journal: Circulation (1977)

We reported on the autopsy of a 35-year-old man who had mixed levocardia with situs inversus including atrial inversion, transposition of the great vessels, and other complex cardiac malformations. Levocardia was discussed.
The Proliferative Ability of Adult Bone Marrow Native Mesenchymal Progenitors (NMP) Is Early Altered during In Vitro Passaging.
Authors: Nathalie Boiret-Dupré, Richard Veyrat-Masson, Chantal Rapatel, Juliette Berger, Laurent Guillouard, Pascale Pigeon, Jean-Jacques Guérin, Stéphane Descamps, Marc G. Berger
Journal: Blood (2005)
Minimal Residual Disease Detection by Four-Color Multidimensional Flow Cytometry Identifies Pediatric AML Patients at High Risk of Relapse.
Authors: Soheil Meshinchi, Todd Alonzo, Robert B. Gerbing, Jessica A. Pollard, Alan S. Gamis, Craig A. Hurwitz, Janet L. Franklin, Laura Pardo, Michael Loken
Journal: Blood (2007)
Successful Hemostasis Using an Over-the-scope Clip for a Dieulafoy’s Lesion in the Greater Curvature of the Fundus
Authors: Yo Kubota, Hiroshi Yamauchi, Kento Nakatani, Satoshi Tanabe, Wasaburo Koizumi
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Dieulafoy’s lesion is a relatively uncommon, occasionally fatal, cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopy is useful for its diagnosis/treatment [1] [2] [3]. We report a case of bleeding from a Dieulafoy’s lesion in the greater curvature of the fundus treated using an over-the-scope clip (OTSC) (Ovesco Endoscopy AG, Tübingen, Germany).
“糖”疗母牛的“病痛”
Authors: 任峰
Journal: BMJ (2011)

当我还在什罗浦郡农村做普外科实习生时，曾有位郁闷的牧场工人问我能不能帮他，说他的一头母牛子宫脱垂了。仗着有一些妇产科的经验，我为他提供了人发生子宫脱垂后的各种处理方式。但这些对于牛科动物似乎都不合适。然而，当我建议他往子宫上倒一袋糖（这种方式我曾用来改善直肠脱垂）时，他同意去试试这种方法。
Intrinsic oxidative stress and aberrations in mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial mass in primary leukemia cells from CLL patients
Authors: Jennifer S. Carew, Yan Zhou, Michael J. Keating, Peng Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

4432  Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common form of adult leukemia in the Western hemisphere. In spite of its prevalence, many of the biochemical and molecular features of this disease remain unclear. Previous studies by our group established that CLL cells from patients with prior chemotherapy generated significantly higher basal levels of cellular superoxide radicals (O2-, p = 0.0029) and had significantly higher heteroplasmic mtDNA mutation frequencies than cells from untreated patients (p = 0.0079). Considering that oxidative stress has been known to activate mitochondrial biogenesis and that cells from CLL patients with prior chemotherapy generate higher basal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we hypothesized that increased superoxide content in CLL cells may lead to enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and thus, increased mitochondrial mass. To test this hypothesis, we obtained blood specimens from CLL patients with and without prior chemotherapy with fludarabine/cyclophosphamide-based regimen, and assessed the relationship between the basal levels of O2- generation and mitochondrial mass. The cellular superoxide was measured by flow cytometry analysis using hydroethidine as an O2- sensitive dye. Cells isolated from previously treated patients generated higher basal levels of O2- than the CLL cells from untreated patients (p= 0.0156). Cellular mitochondrial mass of the primary cells derived from each patient was determined by flow cytometry using Mitotracker Green. These analyses revealed that the mitochondrial mass of CLL cells from patients with prior chemotherapy was significantly higher than that of cells from obtained from untreated patients (p=0.0078). There appears to be a positive correlation between cellular O2- and mitochondrial mass. Transmission electron microscopy showed that CLL cells in general contained higher numbers of mitochondria per cell than normal lymphocytes, suggesting that increased mitochondrial biogenesis may be associated with mtDNA mutations and the subsequent alterations of energy metabolism in CLL cells. Taken together, the data suggest that oxidative stress, caused either by endogenous or exogenous factors, may contribute to the increased mitochondrial mass in CLL cells.