tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
What the HEC? Clinician Adherence to Evidence-Based Antiemetic Prophylaxis for Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy
Authors: Eric J. Roeland, Kathryn J. Ruddy, Thomas W. LeBlanc, Ryan D. Nipp, Gary Binder, Silvia Sebastiani, Ravi Potluri, Luke Schmerold, Eros Papademetriou, Lee Schwartzberg, Rudolph M. Navari
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2020)

Background: Clinician adherence to antiemetic guidelines for preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) caused by highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) remains poorly characterized. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate individual clinician adherence to HEC antiemetic guidelines. Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients receiving HEC was conducted using the IBM Watson Explorys Electronic Health Record Database (2012–2018). HEC antiemetic guideline adherence was defined as prescription of triple prophylaxis (neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist [NK1 RA], serotonin type-3 receptor antagonist, dexamethasone) at initiation of cisplatin or anthracycline + cyclophosphamide (AC). Clinicians who prescribed ≥5 HEC courses were included and individual guideline adherence was assessed, noting the number of prescribing clinicians with &gt;90% adherence. Results: A total of 217 clinicians were identified who prescribed 2,543 cisplatin and 1,490 AC courses. Patients (N=4,033) were primarily women (63.3%) and chemotherapy-naïve (92%) with a mean age of 58.6 years. Breast (36%) and thoracic (19%) cancers were the most common tumor types. Guideline adherence rates of &gt;90% were achieved by 35% and 58% of clinicians using cisplatin or AC, respectively. Omission of an NK1 RA was the most common practice of nonadherence. Variation in prophylaxis guideline adherence was considerable for cisplatin (mean, 71%; SD, 29%; coefficient of variation [CV], 0.40) and AC (mean, 84%; SD, 26%; CV, 0.31). Conclusions: Findings showed substantial gaps in clinician adherence to HEC CINV guidelines, including a high variability across clinicians. Clinicians should review their individual clinical practices and ensure adherence to evidence-based CINV guidelines to optimize patient care.
Abstract IA16: The International Human Cancer Models Initiative is generating models annotated with clinical and molecular data
Authors: Daniela S. Gerhard
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract For the past 60 years, cancer research has relied heavily on established cancer cell lines. Their genomes are known to have evolved in vitro and therefore may not reflect well the various salient features of patient tumors (e.g., sensitivity/resistance to cancer therapeutics, etc.). Novel model generation technologies promise to create the next-generation cancer models (NGCMs) to facilitate and enhance studies in various areas of cancer research. The Human Cancer Models Initiative (HCMI) is an international consortium that is developing ~1,000 NGCMs for use in a wide range of cancer-relevant discoveries, from genomic research, cell biology or bio/chemistry studies, to improvements in preclinical and clinical applications. Our goal is to make these models available broadly to the academic and industry researchers (community resource). Therefore, we established a process that ensures the quality of the models and the data associated with them. In my presentation I will describe the Initiative’s pipeline, status (e.g., tumor types, molecular characterization), challenges encountered, and how to obtain the models and associated data. Citation Format: Daniela S. Gerhard. The International Human Cancer Models Initiative is generating models annotated with clinical and molecular data [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolving Landscape of Cancer Modeling; 2020 Mar 2-5; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(11 Suppl):Abstract nr IA16.
Association of Hospital Discharge Against Medical Advice With Readmission and In-Hospital Mortality
Authors: Sally Y. Tan, Jeremy Y. Feng, Cara Joyce, Jonathan Fisher, Arash Mostaghimi
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Hospital readmissions contribute to higher expenditures and may sometimes reflect suboptimal patient care. Individuals discharged against medical advice (AMA) are a vulnerable patient population and may have higher risk for readmission.To determine odds of readmission and mortality for patients discharged AMA vs all others, to characterize patient and hospital-level factors associated with readmissions, and to quantify their overall cost burden.Nationally representative, all-payer cohort study using the 2014 National Readmissions Database. Eligible index admissions were nonobstetrical/newborn hospitalizations for patients 18 years and older discharged between January 2014 and November 2014. Admissions were excluded if there was a missing primary diagnosis, discharge disposition, length of stay, or if the patient died during that hospitalization. Data were analyzed between January 2018 and June 2018.Discharge AMA and non-AMA discharge.Thirty-day all-cause readmission and in-hospital mortality rate.There were 19.9 million weighted index admissions, of which 1.5% resulted in an AMA discharge. Within the AMA cohort, 85% were younger than 65 years, 63% were male, 55% had Medicaid or other (including uninsured) coverage, and 39% were in the lowest income quartile. Thirty-day all-cause readmission was 21.0% vs 11.9% for AMA vs non-AMA discharge (P < .001), and 30-day in-hospital mortality was 2.5% vs 5.6% (P < .001), respectively. Individuals discharged AMA were more likely to be readmitted to a different hospital compared with non-AMA patients (43.0% vs 23.9%; P < .001). Of all 30-day readmissions, 19.0% occurred within the first day after AMA discharge vs 6.1% for non-AMA patients (P < .001). On multivariable regression, AMA discharge was associated with a 2.01 (95% CI, 1.97-2.05) increased adjusted odds of readmission and a 0.80 (95% CI, 0.74-0.87) decreased adjusted odds of in-hospital mortality compared with non-AMA discharge. Nationwide readmissions after AMA discharge accounted for more than 400 000 inpatient hospitalization days at a total cost of $822 million in 2014.Individuals discharged AMA have higher odds of 30-day readmission at significant cost to the health care system and lower in-hospital mortality rates compared with non-AMA patients. Patients discharged AMA are also more likely to be readmitted to different hospitals and to have earlier bounce-back readmissions, which may reflect dissatisfaction with their initial episode of care.
CEACAM1 regulates CD8<sup>+</sup>T cell immunity and protects from severe pathology during<i>Citrobacter rodentium</i>induced colitis
Authors: Julia Zöller, Jana-Fabienne Ebel, Vishal Khairnar, Verena Schmitt, Robert Klopfleisch, Jana Meiners, Virginia Seiffart, Wiebke Hansen, Jan Buer, Bernhard B. Singer, Karl S. Lang, Astrid M. Westendorf
Journal: Gut Microbes (2020)

The incidence of gastrointestinal infections continues to increase, and infectious colitis contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) has been discovered to be strongly involved in the intestinal homeostasis. However, whether intestinal CEACAM1 expression has an impact on the control of infectious colitis remains elusive. Citrobacter rodentium (C. rodentium) is a gram-negative enteric pathogen that induces colonic inflammation in mice, with a critical role for CD4+ T cell but not CD8+ T cell immunity to primary infection. Here, we show that Ceacam1−/− mice are much more susceptible to C. rodentium infection than wildtype mice, which is mediated by a defect in the intestinal barrier and, surprisingly, by a dysregulated CD8+ T cell but not CD4+ T cell response in the colon. CEACAM1 expression is essential for the control of CD8+ T cell immunity, as CEACAM1 deficiency during C. rodentium infection inhibits CD8+ T cell exhaustion. We conclude that CEACAM1 is an important regulator of CD8+ T cell function in the colon, and blocking CEACAM1 signaling to activate CD8+ T cells may have unforeseen side effects.
Early Intervention of Palliative Care in the Emergency Department During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jihae Lee, Liliya Abrukin, Stefan Flores, Nicholas Gavin, Marie-Laure Romney, Craig D. Blinderman, Shunichi Nakagawa
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

This case series examines the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients who received intervention by a novel coronavirus disease 2019 palliative care response team, focused on providing high-quality goals-of-care conversations in time-critical situations.
Covid-19: Half of pregnant women in UK hospitals are from ethnic minorities
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2020)

More than half of pregnant women recently admitted to a UK hospital with covid-19 infection were from black or other ethnic minority groups, a study in The BMJ has found.1

Most women had good outcomes, and transmission of covid-19 to infants was uncommon, but the researchers said that the high proportion of women from black or minority ethnic groups admitted with infection “needs urgent investigation and explanation.”

There is evidence from other similar viral illnesses that pregnant women and …
Electronic Health Record Documentation of Psychiatric Assessments in Massachusetts Emergency Department and Outpatient Settings During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic
Authors: Victor M. Castro, Roy H. Perlis
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

electronic health records from 2 large academic medical centers and 3 affiliated community hospitals in Massachusetts to investigate the documentation of psychiatric symptoms in narrative clinical notes as COVID-19 activity increased in eastern Massachusetts.Methods This cohort study included all individuals seen in outpatient or emergency department visits between January 2 and March 25, 2020.Sociodemographic data, including age, sex, race, and ethnicity, were drawn from the Partners Research Patient Data Registry 5 along with narrative clinical notes.Presence of depression, anxiety, suicide, psychosis, and violence was determined by identifying terms drawn from an expert-curated list associated with National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria. 6These terms included depressed, depressive, dysphoric, dysthymic, sad, and tearful for depression;
Abstract A52: Role of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from liquid biopsy in early-stage NSCLC resected lung tumor investigation (LIBERTI)
Authors: Daniel Morgensztern, Emma Green, Jennifer C. King, Alicia Sable-Hunt, Richard Erwin, Amy Moore, Tony Addario, Clive Morris, Ramaswamy Govindan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract The detection of ctDNA after cancer surgery with curative intent may indicate the presence of minimal residual disease and a higher risk for relapse. The Addario Lung Cancer Medical Institute (ALCMI) has launched a multicenter study to evaluate the role of ctDNA in patients with completely resected stage II to III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using a highly sensitive assay developed by Inivata. This molecular residual disease (MRD) personalized assay is used to detect tumor-specific variants in plasma DNA from patients with NSCLC. The study will enroll 500 patients across three cohorts, with the initial ctDNA collection prior to neoadjuvant therapy (cohort 1), prior to surgery (cohort 2), or between the surgery and initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy (cohort 3). We will conduct an initial evaluation of ctDNA results after enrollment of 100 eligible patients. All patients will be followed for survival and recurrence for a maximum of 60 months from the date of surgery. The primary objective is to correlate the presence of ctDNA following complete surgical resection with disease-free survival. Citation Format: Daniel Morgensztern, Emma Green, Jennifer C. King, Alicia Sable-Hunt, Richard Erwin, Amy Moore, Tony Addario, Clive Morris, Ramaswamy Govindan. Role of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from liquid biopsy in early-stage NSCLC resected lung tumor investigation (LIBERTI) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Liquid Biopsies; Jan 13-16, 2020; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(11_Suppl):Abstract nr A52.
Locoregional delivery of stem cell–based therapies
Authors: Nathan Norton Ng, Avnesh Sinh Thakor
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2020)

Interventional regenerative medicine (IRM) uses image-guided, minimally invasive procedures for the targeted delivery of stem cell-based therapies to regenerate, replace, or repair damaged organs. Although many cellular therapies have shown promise in the preclinical setting, clinical results have been suboptimal. Most intravenously delivered cells become trapped in the lungs and reticuloendothelial system, resulting in little therapy reaching target tissues. IRM aims to increase the efficacy of cell-based therapies by locoregional stem cell delivery via endovascular, endoluminal, or direct injection into tissues. This review highlights routes of delivery, disease states, and mechanisms of action involved in the targeted delivery of stem cells.
Different Hierarchies of Anti–Modified Protein Autoantibody Reactivities in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Peter Sahlström, Monika Hansson, Johanna Steen, Khaled Amara, Philip J. Titcombe, Björn Forsström, Ragnhild Stålesen, Lena Israelsson, Luca Piccoli, Karin Lundberg, Lars Klareskog, Daniel L. Mueller, Anca I. Catrina, Karl Skriner, Vivianne Malmström, Caroline Grönwall
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2020)

Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) are a hallmark of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Yet, the precise disease-relevant autoantigens that are targeted by ACPAs remains a matter of debate. This study utilized patient-derived monoclonal ACPAs, rather than serum autoantibody analysis, to characterize the multireactivity to different protein modifications and to reveal autoantibody subsets in patients with RA.Twelve human monoclonal ACPAs (positive by the second-generation cyclic citrullinated peptide test) were generated from 6 RA patients, and a head-to-head comparison of their reactivities was performed. For profiling, we used a complementary DNA-based protein array (Engine GmbH) and 3 peptide-screening platforms with RA autoantigens (Thermo Fisher Scientific), citrullinated and carbamylated peptides (NimbleGen/Roche), or histone-derived peptides with different posttranslational modifications (JPT Histone Code), covering >207,000 peptides (>7,800 gene products).The fine-specificity profiles of the investigated ACPAs varied, but all of the monoclonal ACPAs displayed multireactivity to a large number of citrullinated peptides/proteins, each characterized by specific binding properties. ACPA subsets could be defined by clone-distinct consensus binding motifs (e.g., Cit-Gly, Gly-Cit, or Arg-Cit-Asp), with the most common ACPA recognition being that of a Gly in the +1 flanking position, but with additional amino acid preferences. For ACPA protein recognition, we observed a preference for citrullinated RNA-binding proteins with high Arg/Gly content. Six of the 12 ACPA clones also bound acetylated lysine (KAc) or homocitrulline peptide motifs, displaying a similar affinity or higher apparent affinity than that for citrullinated peptides.ACPAs and anti-modified protein autoantibodies represent overlapping facets of RA autoimmunity and bind to a wide variety of modified proteins, extending well beyond the historically recognized set of RA autoantigens. So far, KAc reactivity has been detected only in the context of anti-carbamylated and anti-citrullinated peptide autoantibody responses, postulating the existence of hierarchies of autoreactivity in RA. Future investigations of ACPA fine specificities and functionality should take into consideration the presence of consensus Cit/Carb/KAc motifs and the multireactivity of these autoantibodies in patients with RA.
NCCN Guidelines Insights: Cervical Cancer, Version 1.2020
Authors: Nadeem R. Abu-Rustum, Catheryn M. Yashar, Sarah Bean, Kristin Bradley, Susana M. Campos, Hye Sook Chon, Christina Chu, David Cohn, Marta Ann Crispens, Shari Damast, Christine M. Fisher, Peter Frederick, David K. Gaffney, Robert Giuntoli, Ernest Han, Warner K. Huh, John R. Lurain III, Andrea Mariani, David Mutch, Christa Nagel, Larissa Nekhlyudov, Amanda Nickles Fader, Steven W. Remmenga, R. Kevin Reynolds, Rachel Sisodia, Todd Tillmanns, Stefanie Ueda, Renata Urban, Emily Wyse, Nicole R. McMillian, Angela D. Motter
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2020)

The NCCN Guidelines for Cervical Cancer provide recommendations for diagnostic workup, staging, and treatment of patients with the disease. These NCCN Guidelines Insights focus on recent updates to the guidelines, including changes to first- and second-line systemic therapy recommendations for patients with recurrent or metastatic disease, and emerging evidence on a new histopathologic classification system for HPV-related endocervical adenocarcinoma.
2017/18 and 2018/19 seasonal influenza vaccine safety surveillance, Canadian National Vaccine Safety (CANVAS) Network
Authors: Julie A Bettinger, Gaston De Serres, Louis Valiquette, Otto G Vanderkooi, James D Kellner, Brenda L Coleman, Karina A Top, Jennifer E Isenor, Anne E McCarthy
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

Background The Canadian National Vaccine Safety (CANVAS) network monitors the safety of seasonal influenza vaccines in Canada. Aim To provide enhanced surveillance for seasonal influenza and pandemic influenza vaccines. Methods In 2017/18 and 2018/19 influenza seasons, adults (≥ 15 years of age) and parents of children vaccinated with the seasonal influenza vaccine participated in an observational study using web-based active surveillance. Participants completed an online survey for health events occurring in the first 7 days after vaccination. Participants who received the influenza vaccine in the previous season, but had not yet been vaccinated for the current season, were unvaccinated controls. Results In 2017/18, 43,751 participants and in 2018/19, 47,798 completed the online safety survey. In total, 957 of 30,173 participants vaccinated in 2017/18 (3.2%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.0–3.4) and 857 of 25,799 participants vaccinated in 2018/19 (3.3%; 95% CI: 3.1–3.5) reported a health problem of sufficient intensity to prevent their normal daily activities and/or cause them to seek medical care (including hospitalisation). This compared to 323 of 13,578 (2.4%; 95% CI: 2.1–2.6) and 544 of 21,999 (2.5%; 95% CI: 2.3–2.7) controls in each respective season. The event rate in vaccinated adults and children was higher than the background rate and was associated with specific influenza vaccines. The higher rate of events was associated with systemic symptoms and migraines/headaches. Conclusion In 2017/18 and 2018/19, higher rates of events were reported following seasonal influenza vaccination than in the pre-vaccination period. This signal was associated with several seasonal influenza vaccine products.
The Phone Call
Authors: Saher Lalani
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Physician Suicide—Reflections on Relevance and Resilience
Authors: Suzanne C. Danhauer, Katherine Files, Julie Ann Freischlag
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Severe COVID-19 is associated with deep and sustained multifaceted cellular immunosuppression
Authors: Robin Jeannet, Thomas Daix, Rémy Formento, Jean Feuillard, Bruno François
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2020)

Dear Editor, SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with marked lymphopenia that correlates with morbidity and mortality [1,2].Here, we present the first report on serial immunophenotypic and functional changes in 13 consecutively recruited patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus during their first week of ICU stay (Supplementary Table 1) with 10 healthy donors used as controls.Patients uniformly exhibited deep global and persisting T, NK and B cell lymphopenia from ICU admission (D0) to day 7 (D7) (Fig. 1a to d).On D0, median absolute lymphocyte count was dramatically reduced at 0.72 [0.65-0.88]G/L as were CD4 and CD8 T cell counts at 0.29 [0.19-0.43]and 0.08 [0.05-0.1]G/L (Fig. 1a,e,f ), such CD4 T cell levels reflecting profound immunosuppression in HIV-infected patients.Few CD4 T cells transiently expressed CTLA-4 during the first 3 days (Fig. 1g) while expression of PD-1 was observed at D0 and increased until D7 (Fig. 1h).CD8 T cells significantly and persistently expressed PD-1 from D0 to D7 while CTLA-4 expression remained unchanged (Fig. 1i,j).Being heterogeneous at D0 (Fig. 1k), percentages of regulatory T cells (Tregs) increased during time.Few of them over-expressed CTLA-4 while PD-1 expression was strongly and stably increased until D7 (Fig. 1l,m).Total granulocytes were moderately increased with a transient egression of immature granulocytes in 4/10 patients at day 4-5 (Supplementary Figure 1).Monocyte counts
PTENP1 is a ceRNA for PTEN: it’s CRISPR clear
Authors: Marianna Vitiello, Monica Evangelista, Yang Zhang, Leonardo Salmena, Pier Paolo Pandolfi, Laura Poliseno
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2020)

Here we apply state-of-the-art CRISPR technologies to study the impact that PTENP1 pseudogene transcript has on the expression levels of its parental gene PTEN, and hence on the output of AKT signaling in cancer. Our data expand the repertoire of approaches that can be used to dissect competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)-based interactions, while providing further experimental evidence in support of the very first one that we discovered.