tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hysterectomy-Corrected Uterine Corpus Cancer Incidence Trends and Differences in Relative Survival Reveal Racial Disparities and Rising Rates of Nonendometrioid Cancers
Authors: Megan A. Clarke, Susan S. Devesa, Summer V. Harvey, Nicolas Wentzensen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

Uterine corpus cancer incidence rates have been projected to increase, a prediction often attributed to the obesity epidemic. However, correct estimation of these rates requires accounting for hysterectomy prevalence, which varies by race, ethnicity, and region. Here, we evaluated recent trends in hysterectomy-corrected rates by race and ethnicity and histologic subtype and estimated differences in relative survival by race and ethnicity, subtype, and stage.We estimated hysterectomy prevalence from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Hysterectomy-corrected age-standardized uterine corpus cancer incidence rates from 2000 to 2015 were calculated from the SEER 18 registries. Incidence rates and trends were estimated separately by race and ethnicity, region, and histologic subtype. Five-year relative survival rates were estimated by race and ethnicity, histologic subtype, and stage.Hysterectomy-corrected incidence rates of uterine corpus cancer were similar among non-Hispanic whites and blacks and lower among Hispanics and Asians/Pacific Islanders. Endometrioid carcinoma rates were highest in non-Hispanic whites, whereas nonendometrioid carcinoma and sarcoma rates were highest in non-Hispanic blacks. Hysterectomy-corrected uterine corpus cancer incidence increased among non-Hispanic whites from 2003 to 2015 and among non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and Asians/Pacific Islanders from 2000 to 2015. Overall incidence rates among non-Hispanic blacks surpassed those of non-Hispanic whites in 2007. Endometrioid carcinoma rates rose among non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and Asians/Pacific Islanders but were stable among non-Hispanic whites; however, nonendometrioid carcinoma rates rose significantly among all women. Non-Hispanic blacks had the lowest survival rates, irrespective of stage at diagnosis or histologic subtype.Among all women, rates of nonendometrioid subtypes have been rising rapidly. Our analysis shows profound racial differences and disparities indicated by higher rates of nonendometrioid subtypes and poorer survival among non-Hispanic black women.
Mitochondrial Donation — Which Women Could Benefit?
Authors: Sarah J Pickett, Alasdair Blain, Yi Shiau Ng, Ian J Wilson, Robert W Taylor, Robert McFarland, Doug M Turnbull, Gráinne S Gorman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

Predicting the Risk of Mitochondrial Disease The risk of having a child affected with mitochondrial disease can be predicted, albeit within the limits of substantial variability, according to the proportion of mutant mitochondrial genomes carried by the mother.
BILLIARY OBSTRUCTION AFTER TIPS PLACEMENT IN A LIVER TRANSPLANT PATIENT
Authors: D Gogová, P Mačinga, E Honsová, L Janoušek, J Raupach, P Taimr, J Špičák, J Peregrin, T Hucl
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a method conventionally used in portal hypertension treatment. Refractory ascites and bleeding from esophageal varices are the most common indications. Complications frequently observed include bleeding and development of liver encephalopathy, those affecting the biliary tree as bilioportal fistula and biliary stenosis are much less common. Placement of TIPS in a liver transplant patient is rare and implicate a technically challenging procedure.
Association Between Adjuvant Chemotherapy Duration and Survival Among Patients With Stage II and III Colon Cancer
Authors: Devon J. Boyne, Colleen A. Cuthbert, Dylan E. O’Sullivan, Tolulope T. Sajobi, Robert J. Hilsden, Christine M. Friedenreich, Winson Y. Cheung, Darren R. Brenner
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

The results from the recent International Duration Evaluation of Adjuvant Therapy (IDEA) collaboration have led some clinicians to adopt shorter durations of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with stage III colon cancer. The extent to which these findings are supported by other data is unknown.To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and observational studies investigating the association between the duration of adjuvant chemotherapy and survival among individuals diagnosed as having stage II and III colon cancer (PROSPERO protocol CRD42018108711]).Abstracts published in English between 2003 and 2018 within the MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and CINAHL databases were reviewed by 2 authors. Also searched were conference proceedings and the indexes of high-impact oncology journals.Studies were excluded if they did not present original data; focused on animal populations, on cancers in sites other than the colon, or on patients with stage 0, I, or IV disease; did not examine a 5-flourouracil-based monotherapy or combination therapy; or did not evaluate the association between treatment duration and survival. The search identified 2341 articles, from which 2 randomized trials and 20 observational studies were included in the meta-analysis.This study followed the PRISMA and MOOSE reporting guidelines. The risk of bias was assessed by 2 authors using the Cochrane and Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tools. The results were synthesized using a random-effects model.The primary and secondary outcomes were overall survival and disease-free survival, respectively. It was hypothesized a priori that 3 months of chemotherapy would be as effective as 6 months of chemotherapy.Twenty-two studies were included in the meta-analysis, representing 43 671 patients. The inclusion of patients with stage II disease or with rectal cancer was identified as a source of heterogeneity. After restricting the analysis to patients with stage III colon cancer, there was no association between the duration of chemotherapy and overall survival among studies involving FOLFOX (leucovorin calcium [folinic acid], fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin) or CAPOX (capecitabine plus oxaliplatin) regimens (hazard ratio [HR], 0.80; 95% CI, 0.58-1.09). Among studies focused exclusively on monotherapy, the standard 6-month regimen relative to a 3-month regimen was associated with improved survival (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.52-0.68).Shortened durations of chemotherapy may reduce survival among patients with stage III colon cancer prescribed monotherapy but not a combination regimen.
Genome-wide association study of survival in small cell lung cancer patients treated with irinotecan and cisplatin chemotherapy.
Authors: Ji-Youn Han, Eun Soon Shin, Yeon-Su Lee, Sook-Young Kim, Seung-Hyun Hong, Jin Young Kim, Jin Soo Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

7089 Background: The prognosis of patients with extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC) remains poor. Despite a high initial response rate to chemotherapy, most patients die from rapid recurrence. We conducted a genome-wide analysis study (GWAS) to examine whether germline genetic variations are prognostic factors in ED-SCLC patients treated with irinotecan and cisplatin (IP) chemotherapy. Methods: We prospectively collected blood samples from 139 patients who participated in two phase II studies of IP chemotherapy as first-line therapy and conducted a GWAS using overall survival (OS) as the endpoint. Germline DNA was genotyped using the Affymetrix 5.0 or 6.0 array sets. Associations between OS and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were investigated using multivariate Cox regression analysis. Adjustments for age, performance status (PS) and gender were made. We selected most promising SNPs with p&lt;1×10 −6 in the GWAS allelic association analyses. Results: A total of 426,019 SNPs were genotyped and 343,530 SNPs passed quality control (HWE, p&lt;10 -7 , minor allele frequency&gt;1%). We found 7 SNPs showing a significant association with OS. Patients harboring rs16950650 CT, rs7186128 AG or GG, rs17574269 AG, rs8020368 CC, rs4655567 CC, rs2166219 TT and rs2018683 TT genotypes showed shorter OS compared to patients with control alleles. Hazards ratios of death for each risk variants were 30.2 (95% CI, 8.3-109.0, p=2.1X10 -7 ), 2.5 (95% CI, 1.7-3.5, p=3.8X10 -7 ), 7.6 (95% CI, 3.4-16.6, p=4.5X10 -7 ), 3.4 (95% CI, 2.1-5.5, p=3.5X10 -7 ), 4.9 (95% CI, 2.7-9.0, p=3.1X10 -7 ), 5.8 (95% CI, 2.9-11.7, p=8.4X10 -7 ) and 7.8 (95% CI, 3.4-17.7, p=8.0X10 -7 ), respectively. Among these SNPs, rs4655567, rs8020368, rs2018683 and rs17574269 were significantly associated with a refractory relapse. In multivariate logistic analysis including age, gender and PS, rs8020368 CC genotype showed higher risk of refractory relapse than patients with TT or TC genotype (HR=14.9 [95% CI, 1.9-114.8], p=0.010). Conclusions: This exploratory GWAS identified several candidate SNPs that might predictive for the outcome of patients with ED-SCLC receiving IP chemotherapy.
Most hospital doctors experienced staff shortages last winter, says RCP
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Four fifths of secondary care doctors said their teams experienced staff shortages last winter, a survey conducted by the Royal College of Physicians has found.

The college sent a survey to 19 358 fellows and members in the UK, including trainees, consultants, and specialty and associate specialist (SAS) doctors, between 3 and 10 April and received 1449 responses (7% response rate).1 It asked doctors what problems they had noticed in their …
Abstract 16505: Sarcomeric Variants in an Imaging-Based, Cardiovascular Phenotype From the Discovehr Cohort
Authors: Prashant Patel, Yirui Hu, Sarath Krishnamurthy, Amy Kolinovsky, Jeffrey Ruhl, Ayesha Khan, Lester Kirchner, Amy Sturm, David Ledbetter, David Carey, Janet Robishaw, Raghu Metpally, Vishal C Mehra
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: The prevalence of rare (MAF < 1%) nonsynonymous sarcomeric variants in the general population has been estimated at 11% with putative pathogenic variants estimated at 0.6%. Hypothesis...
SHOULD WE USE THE SMSA AND SERT SCORES TO PREDICT OUTCOMES IN COLONIC PIECEMEAL EMR?
Authors: F Taveira, M Areia, M João, L Elvas, S Alves, D Brito, S Saraiva, AT Cadime
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Predicting outcomes after piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection (pEMR) is a major concern with the development of scores such as SMSA, predicting the complexity of excision, or SERT predicting the negative risk for recurrence after pEMR. We intended to apply both scores to a pEMR cohort and understand if SMSA and SERT have clinical applicability in this setting.
New sequential combinations of non-invasive fibrosis tests provide an accurate diagnosis of advanced fibrosis in NAFLD
Authors: Jérôme Boursier, Maeva Guillaume, Vincent Leroy, Marie Irlès, Marine Roux, Adrien Lannes, Juliette Foucher, Floraine Zuberbuhler, Cyrielle Delabaudière, Justine Barthelon, Sophie Michalak, Jean-Baptiste Hiriart, Jean-Marie Peron, Theophile Gerster, Brigitte Le Bail, Jeremie Riou, Gilles Hunault, Wassil Merrouche, Frederic Oberti, Laurence Pelade, Isabelle Fouchard, Christophe Bureau, Paul Calès, Victor de Ledinghen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
Targeting glycogen synthase kinase 3 for therapeutic benefit in lymphoma
Authors: Xiaosheng Wu, Mary Stenson, Jithma Abeykoon, Kevin Nowakowski, Lianwen Zhang, Joshua Lawson, Linda Wellik, Ying Li, Jordan Krull, Kerstin Wenzl, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Gail A. Bishop, Daniel D. Billadeau, Kah Whye Peng, Francis Giles, Daniel M. Schmitt, Thomas E. Witzig
Journal: Blood (2019)
RASPBERRY SHAPED FOVEOLAR TYPE ADENOCARCINOMA
Authors: K Nomura, S Hoteya, N Inoshita, M Tanaka, D Kikuchi, T Iizuka
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia caused by Helicobacter pylori infection are frequently involved in gastric cancer. A novel concept, gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type (GA-FG), was recently proposed to define adenocarcinomas that apparently do not involve H. pylori infection. Here, we propose the new entity of gastric adenocarcinoma of foveolar type (GA-FV) and describe its characteristic endoscopy findings.
CONCORDANCE AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS BETWEEN ENDOSCOPIC AND PATHOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED SESSILE SERRATED ADENOMA/POLYP
Authors: HW Kim, SB Park, DH Kang, CW Choi, SJ Kim, HS Nam, DG Ryu
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Sessile serrated adenoma/polyp (SSA/P) are known to be precancerous lesions with difficult detection. Endoscopic features of SSA/P are well presented in NICE and WASP classification, but they were often inconsistent with pathologic results. We aimed to evaluate the concordance and its associated factors between endoscopic and pathologic diagnosis in patients with suspected SSA/P.
COMPARISON OF EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ERCP PROCEDURES IN PATIENTS OLDER VS. YOUNGER THAN AGE OF 80 YEARS BASED ON THE HUNGARIAN ERCP REGISTRY
Authors: Á Orbán-Szilágyi, T Bakucz, D Pécsi, S Gódi, I Altorjay, L Czakó, F Pakodi, Á Patai, Z Szepes, P Hegyi, Á Vincze, T Gyökeres
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Aging patients have several co-morbidities that might increase the risk of failure and complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). We have limited data on the efficacy and safety of ERCP in the elderly. In this study, we compared the success and complications of ERCPs in patients over and under the age of 80 years, based on the data of Hungarian ERCP Registry.
Engineering Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells with Novel Chimeric Antigen Receptors to Generate Natural Killer (NK) Cell Cancer Immunotherapies with Targeted Anti-Tumor Activity
Authors: Ye Ethan Ethan Li, David Hermanson, Branden Moriarity, Ryan Bjordahl, Sajid Mahmood, Bahram Valamehr, Dan Kaufman
Journal: Blood (2017)
DUAL FOCUS NARROW-BAND IMAGING ENDOSCOPY FOR THE “OPTICAL BIOPSY” OF GASTRIC LESIONS
Authors: R Kuvaev, S Kashin, E Kraynova, E Nikonov
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of NBI features described in ESGE proposed classification (simplified NBI classification for gastric lesions, Pimentel-Nunes P. et al. 2012) when using dual focus narrow-band imaging (DF-NBI) endoscopy.
SHP2 is Overexpressed in Breast Cancer Cells and in Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast, Implying its Involvement in Breast Cancer Development
Authors: Xiangdong Zhou, James Coad, Barbara Ducatman, Yehenew Agazie
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

LB-32  The Src phosphotyrosyl phosphatase 2 (SHP2) mediates mitogenic and cell survival signaling downstream of the epidermal growth factor receptor family, particularly EGFR and HER2. In addition, SHP2 is required for cell transformation induced by the oncogenic forms of Src and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. Most significantly, SHP2 is a requisite for the transformation phenotypes of breast cancer cells. While studying the importance of SHP2 in the HER2 overexpressing breast cancer cells, we discovered that the amount of the SHP2 protein was significantly higher in these cells than the normal breast epithelial cell lines. Further analysis of more breast cancer cells with variable level of HER2, EGFR and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) expression showed that SHP2 is indeed elevated in all of the breast cancer cells tested. Based on these findings, we reasoned that SHP2 might also be overexpressed in breast tumors. Therefore, we analyzed human breast tumor specimens by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a specific anti-SHP2 polyclonal antibody. We focused on infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast, the most common and aggressive form of the disease for these studies. Based on a 3+ IHC staining score, SHP2 was overexpressed in ~73% HER2-positive and in ~53% of HER2-negative tumors. De-identified hospital records showed that all of the SHP2 overexpression-positive tumors in the HER2-negative group were positive for nuclear accumulation of ERα/progesterone receptor (PR), suggesting that disregulation of an upstream signaling event, be it HER2 or ERα/PR, entails a corresponding disregulation in SHP2 levels. In contrast to HER2 and ERα/PR, which are disregulated in younger and older women, respectively, disregulation of SHP2 was spread across all age groups. In addition, overexpression of SHP2 was significantly correlated to metastasis of tumor cells to regional lymph nodes. Therefore, SHP2 is a broadly overexpressed protein in IDC of the breast than HER2, ERα and PR. Given that SHP2 is an essential transducer of cell proliferation, survival, transformation and migration downstream of EGFR/HER2, Src, cytokine receptors and integrins, it is highly likely that SHP2 plays a pivotal role in breast oncogenesis.
A Link Between Plasma Microbial Translocation, Microbiome, and Autoantibody Development in First‐Degree Relatives of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients
Authors: Elizabeth Ogunrinde, Zejun Zhou, Zhenwu Luo, Alexander Alekseyenko, Quan‐Zhen Li, Danielle Macedo, Diane L. Kamen, Jim C. Oates, Gary S. Gilkeson, Wei Jiang
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2019)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by the production of antibodies against self antigens. However, the events underlying autoantibody formation in SLE remain unclear. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of plasma autoantibody levels, microbial translocation, and the microbiome in SLE.
Функциональный запор в молодом возрасте. Место макрогола 4000 в лечении функционального запора
Authors: A.E. Dorofeiev, M.M. Rudenko, Yu.V. Zhyhal
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2019)

Актуальность. Учитывая широкую распространенность функциональных запоров (ФЗ) в молодом возрасте, мы поставили перед собой задачу сравнить эффективность осмотического слабительного макрогол 4000 (препарат Форлакс) в лечении ФЗ у подростков и молодых взрослых в украинской популяции. Материалы и методы. Под нашим наблюдением находилось 35 молодых взрослых в возрасте от 19 до 25 лет (средний возраст 24,10 ± 0,33 года) и 28 детей в позднем подростковом возрасте — от 15 до 19 лет (средний возраст 15,90 ± 0,21 года). В группе молодых взрослых незначительно преобладали больные женского пола (20/15 человек), а у подростков оба пола были представлены одинаково (14/14). Исследование носило характер открытого многоцентрового. Больные ФЗ находились под наблюдением в гастроцентре г. Киева и ДТМО г. Краматорска. Диагноз ФЗ во взрослой и подростковой группах выставлялся на основании хорошо известных IV Римских критериев. Оценивалась частота дефекации на протяжении недели, а также форма стула по Бристольской шкале (БШ). Общее самочувствие и выраженность вздутия живота оценивались по 10-сантиметровой визуальной аналоговой шкале (ВАШ). Макрогол — препарат Форлакс назначался по 10 г порошка, растворенного в стакане воды, 1 раз в сутки утром. При недостаточном эффекте через 7 дней лечения доза удваивалась. Продолжительность применения препарата составляла 14 дней. Результаты. Через две недели лечения были получены следующие результаты. Частота дефекации составила 4,36 ± 0,21 (р &lt; 0,001) раза в неделю, форма стула по БШ составляла 3,48 ± 0,22 (р &lt; 0,001), необходимость в избыточном натуживании наблюдалась у 6 (17,1 %) больных, чувство неполного опорожнения кишечника осталось у 4 (11,4 %) больных. Общее самочувствие по ВАШ составило 5,41 ± 0,30 см (р = 0,008), ощущение вздутия — 2,07 ± 0,22 см (р = 0,08). Выводы. В украинской популяции макрогол (препарат Форлакс) продемонстрировал выраженный слабительный эффект как у молодых взрослых, так и у подростков, страдающих функциональными запорами. По нашим данным, у взрослых эффективность достигла 85,7 %, а у подростков — 89,3 %.
Sixty seconds on . . . bacteriophages
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2019)

The potential for bacteriophages—viruses that target and kill specific bacteria—as a way to defeat antibiotic resistant infections took a leap forward last week when researchers reported significant recovery in the first patient to be treated with phages for a mycobacterial infection.1

You could say so. Phages were first explored more than a century ago, but were ditched in favour of antibiotics. Their resurgence is a response to the shrinking ammunition against antibiotic resistant bacteria. Over the past two years, phages successfully treated a patient with a multidrug resistant …
Are Fruit Juices Just as Unhealthy as Sugar-Sweetened Beverages?
Authors: Marta Guasch-Ferré, Frank B. Hu
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

Lindsay J. Collin, MPH; Suzanne Judd, PhD; Monika Safford, MD, PhD; Viola Vaccarino, MD, PhD; Jean A. Welsh, RN, MPH, PhD
Adherence to dietary guidelines (DG) and body weight change (BWC) in early-stage breast cancer (EBC): A prospective trial in patients submitted to nutrition evidence-based educational intervention
Authors: L. Carbognin, I. Trestini, I. Sperduti, E. Fiorio, D. Tregnago, S. Pilotto, G. Scambia, G. Tortora, M. Milella, E. Bria
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

Background: Despite weight gain and overweight have been related to an increased risk of recurrence and mortality in patients with EBC, the adherence to nutritional intervention is not entirely explored. Therefore, the aims of this trial were to evaluate the adherence to DG and the effectiveness of nutritional intervention in terms of BWC in patients with EBC undergoing treatment. Methods: This prospective study included EBC patients addressed to receive neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy; eligible patients received a nutrition evidence-based educational intervention by a skilled dietitian. Anthropometric and dietary assessments were performed. Adherence to DG was estimated through the validated Med-Diet 14-item questionnaire. Health-Related Quality of Life was analyzed with the EORTC QLQ-C30. Associations between variables and groups according to nutritional variables were analyzed (Chi-square test). Results: From February 2016 to December 2018, 204 patients were enrolled (median age 49 years). At baseline, 2.5% of patients were underweight, 41.7% were normal weight, 33.3% were overweight and 22.5% were obese. Moreover, 47.5% of patients gained ≥5% of their usual weight. Most patients reported significant nutritional impact symptoms (dyspepsia (51.5%) and constipation (62.3%)) and presented dietary patterns high in fat (median fat intake was 35.2%) and low in dietary fiber (median fiber intake was 17.2 g/day). A significant correlation between baseline BMI and tension was observed (p < 0.0001) as well as BMI and worry, irritability and depression (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.008, respectively). Six months after the intervention, the median adherence to DG was high (median Med-Diet score was 12). A high adherence to nutrition guidelines (defines as a Med-Diet score ≥10, 112 patients) significantly correlated with a weight loss ≥5% from the baseline weight (p = 0.005). Furthermore, the weight loss ≥5% was correlated with a lower rate of depression (p = 0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that tailored nutritional intervention for women undergoing treatment for EBC may help to improve their adherence to the DG and finally to weight loss. Legal entity responsible for the study: Luisa Carbognin. Funding: LILT Verona. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY WITHOUT LESIONS SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS IN OBSCURE BLEEDING – IS POOR PREPARATION ASSOCIATED WITH GREATER BLEEDING RECURRENCE?
Authors: M Sousa, R Pinho, A Ponte, A Rodrigues, J Silva, C Gomes, J Carvalho
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

A false negative capsule endoscopy (CE) performed for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) can occur in about 20 – 30% of patients. Poor bowel preparation may impair CE's accuracy. The aim of this study was to evaluate bleeding recurrence in patients with OGIB with EC without significant findings, taking into account the bowel preparation.