tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Headache, Confusion, and Somnolence in a 27-Year-Old Woman
Authors: Rahul Sastry, Krisztina Moldovan, Tianyi Niu
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Association of Chain Restaurant Advertising Spending With Obesity in US Adults
Authors: Sara N. Bleich, Mark J. Soto, Jesse C. Jones-Smith, Julia A. Wolfson, Marian P. Jarlenski, Caroline G. Dunn, Johannah M. Frelier, Bradley J. Herring
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Restaurants spend billions of dollars on marketing. However, little is known about the association between restaurant marketing and obesity risk in adults. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine associations between changes in per capita county-level restaurant advertising spending over time and changes in objectively measured body mass index (BMI) for adult patients. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cohort study used regression models with county fixed effects to examine associations between changes in per capita county-level (370 counties across 44 states) restaurant advertising spending over time with changes in objectively measured body mass index (BMI) for US adult patients from 2013 to 2016. Different media types and restaurant types were analyzed together and separately. The cohort was derived from deidentified patient data obtained from athenahealth. The final analytic sample included 5 987 213 patients, and the analysis was conducted from March 2018 to November 2019. <h3>Exposure</h3> Per capita county-level chain restaurant advertising spending. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Individual-level mean BMI during the quarter. <h3>Results</h3> The included individuals were generally older (37.1% older than 60 years), female (56.8%), and commercially insured (53.5%). For the full population of 29 285 920 person-quarters, there was no association between changes in all restaurant advertising per capita (all media types, all restaurants) and changes in BMI. However, restaurant advertising spending was positively associated with weight gain for patients in low-income counties but not in high-income counties. A $1 increase in quarterly advertising per capita across all media and restaurant types was associated with a 0.053-unit increase in BMI (95% CI, 0.001-0.102) for patients in low-income counties, corresponding to a 0.12% decrease in BMI at the 10th percentile of changes in county advertising spending vs a 0.12% increase in BMI at the 90th percentile. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The results of this study suggest that restaurant advertising is associated with modest weight gain among adult patients in low-income counties. To date, there has been no public policy action or private sector action to limit adult exposure to unhealthy restaurant advertising. Efforts to decrease restaurant advertising in low-income communities should be intensified and rigorously evaluated to understand their potential for increasing health equity.
Risk of venous thromboembolism in rheumatoid arthritis, and its association with disease activity: a nationwide cohort study from Sweden
Authors: Viktor Molander, Hannah Bower, Thomas Frisell, Johan Askling
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

To assess the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) relative to individuals without RA, and to investigate the relationship between aspects of clinical disease activity in RA and the risk of VTE.We conducted a nationwide register-based cohort study 2006 through 2018 using the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register linked to other national patient registers to identify all patients with RA with at least one registered rheumatologist visit during the study period (n=46 316 patients, 322 601 visits). The Disease Activity Score 28 erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (DAS28 ESR) and its components served as the exposure, and a VTE event within the year following the visit was the main outcome. We also included general population referents (1:5) matched on age, sex and residential area.Based on 2241 incident VTE events within 1 year of each included visit, and 5301 VTE events in the general population cohort, the risk ratio for VTE in RA was 1.88 (95% CI 1.65 to 2.15). Among patients with RA, the risk (and risk ratio) increased with increasing RA disease activity, from 0.52% following visits in remission to 1.08% following visits with DAS28 ESR high disease activity, RR compared with remission=2.03, 95% CI 1.73 to 2.38. Compared with the general population, also patients with RA in DAS28 ESR remission were at elevated VTE risk.This study demonstrates a strong association between clinical RA disease activity measured by DAS28 ESR and the risk of VTE. RA disease activity can be used as an additional tool for VTE risk stratification in patients with RA.
Combining IL-2-based immunotherapy with commensal probiotics produces enhanced antitumor immune response and tumor clearance
Authors: Linlin Shi, Jianyong Sheng, Guozhong Chen, Peng Zhu, Changping Shi, Bei Li, Chaiwoo Park, Jingyi Wang, Bixiang Zhang, Zhi Liu, Xiangliang Yang
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Background Interleukin-2 (IL-2) serves as a pioneer of immunotherapeutic agent in cancer treatment. However, there is a considerable proportion of patients who cannot benefit from this therapy due to the limited clinical responses and dose-limiting toxicities. Mounting evidence indicates that commensal microbiota shapes the outcome of cancer immunotherapies. In this study, we aim to investigate the enhancing effect of Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK), a beneficial commensal microbe receiving considerable attentions, on the antitumor efficacy of IL-2 and explore the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods Colorectal carcinoma patient-derived tumor tissues were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of combination treatment. AKK was orally delivered to B16F10 and CT26 tumor-bearing mice along with systemic IL-2 treatment. Flow cytometry was carried out to analyze the tumor immune microenvironment. The molecular mechanism of the enhanced therapeutic efficacy was explored by RNA-seq and then verified in tumor-bearing mice. Results Combined treatment with IL-2 and AKK showed a stronger antitumor efficacy in colorectal cancer patient-derived tumor tissues. Meanwhile, the therapeutic outcome of IL-2 was significantly potentiated by oral administration of AKK in subcutaneous melanoma and colorectal tumor-bearing mice, resulting from the strengthened antitumor immune surveillance. Mechanistically, the antitumor immune response elicited by AKK was partially mediated by Amuc, derived from the outer membrane protein of AKK, through activating toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling pathway. Besides, oral supplementation with AKK protected gut barrier function and maintained mucosal homeostasis under systemic IL-2 treatment. Conclusion These findings propose that IL-2 combined with AKK is a novel therapeutic strategy with prospecting application for cancer treatment in clinical practice.
Effect of restricted retail merchandising of discretionary food and beverages on population diet: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial
Authors: Julie Brimblecombe, Emma McMahon, Megan Ferguson, Khia De Silva, Anna Peeters, Edward Miles, Thomas Wycherley, Leia Minaker, Luke Greenacre, Anthony Gunther, Emma Chappell, Mark D Chatfield, Catherine L Mah
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2020)

BackgroundThe effectiveness of healthy food promotion on food and beverage sales in real-world food retail settings has been shown in randomised trials. The effectiveness of restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy food is, however, less clear. We aimed to assess the effect of restricted unhealthy food promotion, specifically those items contributing most to free sugar sales, on food and beverage sales.MethodsIn this community-level pragmatic, partially randomised, parallel group trial, stores were randomly assigned by a statistician using a single sequence of random assignments to the intervention group, in which a co-designed strategy restricted merchandising of unhealthy food, or to a control group of usual retail practice. The trial was done in partnership with an organisation operating 25 stores in remote Australia. The primary analysis was based on difference in weekly sales with the strategy compared with no strategy in free sugar from all foods and beverages (g/total MJ; primary outcome), targeted food or beverages (weight and free sugars; g/total MJ), and gross profit (AU$) using mixed models. This trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12618001588280.FindingsBetween June 13 and Aug 15, 2018, 20 stores were recruited; ten stores were randomly assigned to the intervention group and ten stores to the control group. The trial was done between Sept 2 and Dec 2, 2018. The Healthy Stores 2020 strategy resulted in a reduction in sales of free sugar of 2·8% (95% CI –4·9 to –0·7). Targeted beverages were reduced by 8·4% (–12·3 to –4·3) and associated free sugar by 6·8% (–10·9 to –2·6), sugar-sweetened soft drinks by 13·2% (–18·5 to –7·6), and associated free sugar by 13·4% (–18·7 to –7·7). Reductions in sales of free sugar from confectionery of 7·5% (–14·3 to –0·2) and in weight sold (–4·6%, –11·1 to 2·3) resulted; however, the reduction in weight was not statistically significant. No differences in sales of table sugar and sweet biscuits were observed. Gross profit was not impacted adversely; a small increase resulted (5·3%, 0·3 to 10·5).InterpretationRestricted merchandising of unhealthy foods and beverages, while allowing for complementary merchandising of healthier foods and beverages in a real-world store setting and co-designed with retailers, can achieve both public health and business relevant gains.FundingAustralian National Health and Medical Research Council.
Abstract A20: 17-Aminogeldanamycin inhibits cytoprotective UPR pathways and cooperates with inhibitors of the MAPK signaling cascade in apoptosis induction
Authors: Aleksandra H. Mielczarek-Lewandowska, Mariusz L. Hartman, Malgorzata M. Sztiller-Sikorska, Marta Osrodek, Anna E. Gajos-Michniewicz, Malgorzata E. Czyz
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Geldanamycin is an inhibitor of Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90). Attenuation of HSP90 activity results in accumulation of unfolded proteins, induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and activation of unfolded protein response (UPR). HSP90 is a chaperone protein participating in appropriate folding of more than 100 proteins, including IRE1α and BRAFV600E. In melanoma cells, BRAFV600E was correlated with chronically induced ER stress and involved in UPR-induced resistance to apoptosis. As geldanamycin is highly hepatotoxic, geldanamycin derivatives exerting similar proapoptotic properties but higher selectivity towards cancer cells are needed. In the present study, 17-aminogeldanamycin exerted higher proapoptotic activity than geldanamycin in patient-derived melanoma cell populations as demonstrated by using fluorescence time-lapse imaging (IncuCyte ZOOM). We have also shown that 17-aminogeldanamycin inhibits ERK1/2 activity and cell proliferation,as well as induces apoptosis transiently, enhancing expression of HSP70 and GRP78. GRP78 regulates activity of the UPR pathway, and we have demonstrated that 17-aminogeldanamycin inhibits IRE1α-dependent pathway of UPR responsible for degradation of unfolded proteins and reduces levels of 36 kDa product of ATF6 cleavage in selected melanoma cell populations. Moreover, we have shown that combination of 17-aminogeldanamycin and trametinib induces apoptosis earlier and more efficiently. Our study suggests that cooperation of 17-aminogeldanamycin and trametinib might result from concurrent inhibition of the MAPK and protective UPR pathways but can be also associated with the basal UPR activity, which is diverse among drug-naïve melanoma cell populations. Further studies are necessary to fully explore antimelanoma capabilities of 17-aminogeldanamycin and its combination with targeted therapy. This work was financially supported by Grant 2014/15/B/NZ7/00947 from National Science Centre (Poland), and 502-03/1-156-01/502-14-318 from Medical University of Lodz. Citation Format: Aleksandra H. Mielczarek-Lewandowska, Mariusz L. Hartman, Malgorzata M. Sztiller-Sikorska, Marta Osrodek, Anna E. Gajos-Michniewicz, Malgorzata E. Czyz. 17-Aminogeldanamycin inhibits cytoprotective UPR pathways and cooperates with inhibitors of the MAPK signaling cascade in apoptosis induction [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Melanoma: From Biology to Target; 2019 Jan 15-18; Houston, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A20.
Palliative Care for Patients With Noncancer Illnesses
Authors: Krista L. Harrison, Ashwin A. Kotwal, Alexander K. Smith
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 12494: Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Exhibit Impaired Ventricular Cardiomyocyte Formation and Contractile Function
Authors: Sharon L Paige, Francisco X Galdos, Soah Lee, Aimee Beck, Elda Dzilic, Harald Lahm, Martina DreBen, Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz, Alessandra Moretti, Markus Krane, Sean M Wu
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a severe congenital heart disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. To improve disease treatments and prevention, a greater under...
Toxicity of high-dose methotrexate administration at the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center (SKCC): A retrospective review to guide establishment of an outpatient treatment program.
Authors: Kelsey Sokol, Kelley Yuan, Katlin Fendler, Samantha Burdette, Patricia Galanis, Maria Piddoubny, Anne Delengowski, Carol Gung, Mercy George, Onder Alpdogan, Ubaldo Martinez-Outschoorn, Pierluigi Porcu, Adam Binder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

30 Background: High-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) is administered for the treatment of primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma (PCNSL), leptomeningeal metastases, and osteosarcoma, as well as CNS prophylaxis in patients with high-risk lymphoma and leukemia. Treatment is typically administered in an inpatient setting to enable aggressive hydration, urinary alkalinization, and frequent lab monitoring given the risk of acute kidney injury. Multiple pediatric centers have published experiences with outpatient administration of HDMTX. We aim to determine the toxicity rate in adult patients at SKCC receiving HDMTX to identify a population in which to pilot an outpatient HDMTX program. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all patients receiving inpatient HDMTX at SKCC between January 1, 2018 and October 31, 2019. Results: Seventy-three patients (52% male) with median age of 60 years (range 22-81) received 255 cycles total of HDMTX. Diagnoses include PCNSL/vitreoretinal lymphoma (n=22), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n=17), B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n=16) and other diagnoses (n= 18). Thirty-one cycles were administered as CNS prophylaxis and 224 cycles as treatment, with a median prophylactic dose of 3.5 g/m2 (range 1-3.5) and median treatment dose of 3.5 g/m2 (range 0.25-12). The most common toxicity was acute kidney injury at a median day 3 of the cycle (range 1-7). See the table for details. Conclusions: Acute kidney injury occurred more often in the treatment group compared to prophylaxis group. Of all patients with AKI in the treatment group, 45% had a diagnosis of PCNSL. In the prophylactic group, only 21% of patients (3/14) experienced AKI of which all resolved. Of all AKI events, 90% were Grade 2 and 90% resolved. Based on these results, we plan to pilot an outpatient HDMTX program in patients receiving prophylactic HDMTX to determine its effect on patient quality of life and cost of care. [Table: see text]
Anti-GD2 CAR-NKT cells in patients with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma: an interim analysis
Authors: Andras Heczey, Amy N. Courtney, Antonino Montalbano, Simon Robinson, Ka Liu, Mingmei Li, Nisha Ghatwai, Olga Dakhova, Bin Liu, Tali Raveh-Sadka, Cynthia N. Chauvin-Fleurence, Xin Xu, Ho Ngai, Erica J. Di Pierro, Barbara Savoldo, Gianpietro Dotti, Leonid S. Metelitsa
Journal: Nature Medicine (2020)
Involvement of social work services in patients with advanced cancer in early-phase clinical trials (EP-CTs).
Authors: Andrew Johnson, Ryan David Nipp, Rachel Jimenez, Megan Healy, Virginia Capasso, Casandra McIntyre, Barbara J. Cashavelly, Dejan Juric, Debra Lundquist
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

28 Background: Early integration of supportive care in patients with advanced cancer has improved quality of life, symptom burden, and survival. Participants in EP-CTs often are highly pre-treated and the demands of participation can exacerbate financial and psychosocial concerns. Integration of social work services can address a broad scope of concerns including behavioral health, psychosocial needs, physical health, and financial concerns. Little data exists regarding the use of social work services in this patient population. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of consecutive patients enrolled in EP-CTs at the MGH Cancer Center during 2017-2019. Information including sociodemographic data, clinical variables, and the use of social work services were captured from the electronic health record. We reviewed documentation in social work notes to determine reason for referral while participating on trial. Results: Of 426 EP-CT participants, 64% ( n = 272) received social work consultations at any time during their cancer course (consultations occurred a median of 23 months [range 0 – 444] following diagnosis). Compared to those who did not receive consultation, patients receiving consultation were younger (median age 60.5 years vs 65 years, p &lt; .001) and more likely to have children (63% vs 46%, p &lt; .001). More than half (59%, n = 159) of consultations occurred prior to EP-CT enrollment, while 14% (n = 39) were during patients’ time on EP-CT. The most common reasons for referral on trial included adjustment to illness (41%), limited patient resources (23%), and home/family support (15%). A quarter of referrals (27%, n = 74) were initiated after patients left the trial (27%, n = 74). There were no significant differences in demographic or clinical variables between those referred on EP-CT versus before or after EP-CT. For those who received social work consultation while on EP-CT, median time from date on treatment to consultation was 18 days (0 – 182 days) while median time on EP-CT was 55 days (2 – 576 days). Patients received a median of 2 visits (1 – 20) while on EP-CT. Physicians and research nurses were most likely to refer patients (31% vs 26%, respectively) while 10% of patients self-referred to social work. Conclusions: Over half of EP-CT participants received social work consultations during their cancer course. Most patients who received consultation on an EP-CT did so for psychosocial support. Future research should focus on determining how best to integrate social work into the care of EP-CT participants.
Immunocytokines are a promising immunotherapeutic approach against glioblastoma
Authors: Tobias Weiss, Emanuele Puca, Manuela Silginer, Teresa Hemmerle, Shila Pazahr, Andrea Bink, Michael Weller, Dario Neri, Patrick Roth
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2020)

Immunocytokines display promising antitumor activity in orthotopic mouse models of glioma and patients with glioblastoma.
Atopic dermatitis microbiomes stratify into ecologic dermotypes enabling microbial virulence and disease severity
Authors: Angeline S.L. Tay, Chenhao Li, Tannistha Nandi, Kern Rei Chng, Anand Kumar Andiappan, Vijaya Saradhi Mettu, Camille de Cevins, Aarthi Ravikrishnan, Charles-Antoine Dutertre, X.F. Colin C. Wong, Amanda Hui Qi Ng, Sri Anusha Matta, Florent Ginhoux, Olaf Rötzschke, Fook Tim Chew, Mark B.Y. Tang, Yik Weng Yew, Niranjan Nagarajan, John E.A. Common
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2020)