tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surgical Jacket and Bouffant Use and Surgical Site Infection Risk—Reply
Authors: Bradley W. Wills, Gerald McGwin, Brent A. Ponce
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Pneumonitis from immune checkpoint inhibitors and COVID-19: current concern in cancer treatment
Authors: Ernesto Rossi, Giovanni Schinzari, Giampaolo Tortora
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Pneumonitis is a rare but serious adverse event caused by cancer immunotherapy. The diagnosis between COVID-19-induced pneumonia and immunotherapy-induced pneumonitis may be challenging in the era of COVID-19 outbreak. Some clinical symptoms and radiological findings of pneumonitis can be attributed to the coronavirus infection as well as to an immune-related adverse event. Identifying the exact cause of a pneumonitis in patients on treatment with immunotherapy is crucial to promptly start the most appropriate treatment. The proper management of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the risk of pneumonia must take into account a series of parameters. Accurate attention should be payed to symptoms like cough, fever and dyspnea during immunotherapy.
Antibody Feedback Limits the Expansion of B Cell Responses to Malaria Vaccination but Drives Diversification of the Humoral Response
Authors: Hayley A. McNamara, Azza H. Idris, Henry J. Sutton, Rachel Vistein, Barbara J. Flynn, Yeping Cai, Kevin Wiehe, Kirsten E. Lyke, Deepyan Chatterjee, Natasha KC, Sumana Chakravarty, B. Kim Lee Sim, Stephen L. Hoffman, Mattia Bonsignori, Robert A. Seder, Ian A. Cockburn
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2020)
Endpiece: A warning
Authors: Mark Petticrew
Journal: BMJ (2004)

I should like to see [Parliament] either refuse to give a grant to a school in which physical training is not a part of the programme, or, at any rate, offer to pay upon such training. If something of the kind is not done, the English physique, which has been, and is still, on the whole, a grand one, will become as extinct as the dodo in the great towns.

Huxley TH. The school boards: what they can do, and what they may do. In: Science and education.

New York: Citadel, 1964. (Lecture 1870)
Efficacy and safety of abrocitinib in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (JADE MONO-1): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
Authors: Eric L Simpson, Rodney Sinclair, Seth Forman, Andreas Wollenberg, Roland Aschoff, Michael Cork, Thomas Bieber, Jacob P Thyssen, Gil Yosipovitch, Carsten Flohr, Nina Magnolo, Catherine Maari, Claire Feeney, Pinaki Biswas, Svitlana Tatulych, Hernan Valdez, Ricardo Rojo
Journal: The Lancet (2020)
SAT0012 The relationship between spinal, sacroiliac involvement and functional assessment in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: F Özdemýr, K Uzunca, S Kokino, S Erdogan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a chronic destructive and deforming joint disease that affects both axial and peripheral joints. The relationship between the radiological changes of the joint disease and its functional consequences is important. Because sacroiliac joint abnormalities and spinal ligamentous calcification and ossification, syndesmophytes, osseous fusion may be caused clinical manifestations and disability. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation existing between the radiological progression of the disease and functional impairment in AS. <h3>Methods</h3> 36 patients with clinically and radiologically verified AS were recruited to participate in the study. All patients had standard anteroposterior, lateral lumbar spine radiography and Ferguson views of the sacroiliac joints. A global grading system including sacroiliac joints (New York Criteria) and a detailed scoring system of the lumbar spine (Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (SASSS)) were used to assess structural damage. Functional impairment was assessed by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis functional index (BASFI). The BASFI consists of eight items on daily activities and two items assessing the patients? ability o deal with their everyday life. BASFI are validated and widely used instruments to assess physical function in patients with AS. We correlated the BASFI with radiographic damage measures. <h3>Results</h3> The sacroiliac scores were on range of 2–4 according to New York criteria (mean = 2.0 ± 0.73). Lumbar spine radiographic scores were on range of 7 ? 40 according to SASSS (mean = 19.4 ± 8.07). Functional index correlated with the damage measures of lumbar spine (r = 0.43, p = 0.01). However no significant difference was noted between functional impairment and sacroiliac involvement (x2 = 2.6, p = 0.27). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Ascending spinal involvement showed more related to change of functional impairment than damage of sacroiliac joints. <h3>References</h3> Calin A, Garret S, Whitlock H, Kennedy LG, Mallorie P. A new approach to defining functional ability in ankylosing spondylitis: the development of the bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index. J Rheumatol. 1994;21(12):2281–5 Dougados M, Van der Heijde D. Evaluation of functional capacity in ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 1999;26(1):4–6 Brower AC. Spondyloarthropaties imaging. In: Klippel JH, Dippe PA, eds. <i>Rheumatology</i>, 2nd edn. Vol. 1. Chapter 6.17. London: Mosby, 1998: 1–8 Oostven J, Prevo R, Boer J, Laar M. Early detection of sacroileitis on magnetic resonance imaging and subsequent development of sacroileitis on plain radiography. A prospective, longitudinal study. J Rheumatol. 1999;26(9):1953–8
Perioperative Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and Management for Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Nathaniel R. Smilowitz, Jeffrey S. Berger
Journal: JAMA (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Perioperative cardiovascular complications occur in 3% of hospitalizations for noncardiac surgery in the US. This review summarizes evidence regarding cardiovascular risk assessment prior to noncardiac surgery. <h3>Observations</h3> Preoperative cardiovascular risk assessment requires a focused history and physical examination to identify signs and symptoms of ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and severe valvular disease. Risk calculators, such as the Revised Cardiac Risk Index, identify individuals with low risk (&lt;1%) and higher risk (≥1%) for perioperative major adverse cardiovascular events during the surgical hospital admission or within 30 days of surgery. Cardiovascular testing is rarely indicated in patients at low risk for major adverse cardiovascular events. Stress testing may be considered in patients at higher risk (determined by the inability to climb ≥2 flights of stairs, which is &lt;4 metabolic equivalent tasks) if the results from the testing would change the perioperative medical, anesthesia, or surgical approaches. Routine coronary revascularization does not reduce perioperative risk and should not be performed without specific indications independent of planned surgery. Routine perioperative use of low-dose aspirin (100 mg/d) does not decrease cardiovascular events but does increase surgical bleeding. Statins are associated with fewer postoperative cardiovascular complications and lower mortality (1.8% vs 2.3% without statin use;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) in observational studies, and should be considered preoperatively in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease undergoing vascular surgery. High-dose β-blockers (eg, 100 mg of metoprolol succinate) administered 2 to 4 hours prior to surgery are associated with a higher risk of stroke (1.0% vs 0.5% without β-blocker use;<i>P</i> = .005) and mortality (3.1% vs 2.3% without β-blocker use;<i>P</i> = .03) and should not be routinely used. There is a greater risk of perioperative myocardial infarction and major adverse cardiovascular events in adults aged 75 years or older (9.5% vs 4.8% for younger adults;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and in patients with coronary stents (8.9% vs 1.5% for those without stents;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and these patients warrant careful preoperative consideration. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Comprehensive history, physical examination, and assessment of functional capacity during daily life should be performed prior to noncardiac surgery to assess cardiovascular risk. Cardiovascular testing is rarely indicated in patients with a low risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, but may be useful in patients with poor functional capacity (&lt;4 metabolic equivalent tasks) undergoing high-risk surgery if test results would change therapy independent of the planned surgery. Perioperative medical therapy should be prescribed based on patient-specific risk.
IFNL4 genotype is in strong linkage disequilibrium with IL28B genotype and predicts peg-interferon plus ribavirin treatment outcomes: an independent validation study
Authors: Jacinta A Holmes, Mario Congiu, Sara Bonanzinga, Manjeet K Sandhu, Sally Bell, Nguyen Tin, David M Iser, Kumar Visvanathan, William Sievert, Scott Bowden, Paul V Desmond, Alexander J Thompson
Journal: Hepatology (2013)
Development and validation of a Paediatric Early Warning Score for use in the emergency department: a multicentre study
Authors: Joany M Zachariasse, Daan Nieboer, Ian K Maconochie, Frank J Smit, Claudio F Alves, Susanne Greber-Platzer, Maria N Tsolia, Ewout W Steyerberg, Paul Avillach, Johan van der Lei, Henriëtte A Moll
Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2020)
Abstract 15052: EZH2 as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Atrial Fibrosis and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Shuai Song, Qunshan Wang
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by abnormal differentiation of atrial fibroblasts and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Several studies suggesting that EZH...
Covid-19: Trump shifts tone by endorsing masks and admitting US situation will worsen
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2020)

President Donald Trump signalled a shift in tone this week by admitting that the US covid-19 epidemic "would unfortunately get worse before it gets better."In his first televised press briefing since April on Tuesday 21 July, the president, reading from a prepared statement, also reversed his previous position and encouraged Americans to wear masks.He boasted about his successful handling of the pandemic, the provision of supplies to health workers, the "tremendous amount of testing," and low death rates, although on a per capita basis other nations are doing far better.He repeated his claim that the virus would eventually disappear.At a second briefing on 22 July, Trump again encouraged Americans to wear masks.He did not wear one himself, although at both briefings he pulled a mask out of his pocket and said that he would wear it when he could not maintain physical distancing.He encouraged young people to avoid crowded bars.No public health or medical experts were present at either briefing.Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, a frequent speaker at previous briefings, said that he had not been invited to attend.Trump said that Deborah Birx, the coronavirus response coordinator for the White House Coronavirus Task Force was "just outside" the briefing area.The president said that he consulted with experts and could present the information to journalists in an efficient way.The president has apparently resumed the press briefings, which are broadcast nationally, to make up for his difficulty holding the political rallies he enjoys.The rally in Tulsa, Oklahoma, on 21 June proved a disappointment when it was sparsely attended.As of 23 July, the US had nearly four million cases of covid-19 and over 143 000 deaths, the highest numbers in the world. 1 Trump's approval rating for his handling of covid-19 has fallen to 38%, according to the Washington Post-ABC News poll.
Correction to: Dexamethasone Intracanalicular Insert: A Review in Treating Post-Surgical Ocular Pain and Inflammation
Authors: Arnold Lee, Hannah A. Blair
Journal: Drugs (2020)

The article Dexamethasone Intracanalicular Insert: A Review in Treating Post-Surgical Ocular Pain and Inflammation, written by Arnold Lee and Hannah A. Blair, was originally published electronically in SpringerLink on 25 June 2020 without Open Access.
Setting Expectations for Clinical Research During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: James W Salazar, J. Michael McWilliams, Tracy Y. Wang
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

Krishna Pundi, MD; Alexander C. Perino, MD; Robert A. Harrington, MD; Harlan M. Krumholz, MD, SM; Mintu P. Turakhia, MD, MAS
Overexpression of PKC-delta in mammary cells leads to anti-estrogen resistance: A new model for anti-estrogen resistance
Authors: Kaladhar B. Reddy, Sanaa Nabha, Selina Glaros, Hong Meng
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

1288  Acquired resistance to tamoxifen (Tam) in breast cancer patients is a serious therapeutic problem. We have previously reported that Protein Kinase C-delta (PKC-δ) plays a major role in estrogen (E2)-mediated cell proliferation. To determine if PKC-δ is one of the major alternate signaling pathways that supports cell growth in the presence of tamoxifen, we determined the levels of PKC isoforms in four different models of antiestrogen resistant cells. Three out of four antiestrogen resistance cell lines (Tam/MCF-7, ICI/MCF-7 and HER-2/MCF-7) expressed significantly high levels of both total and activated PKC-δ levels compared to sensitive cells. Estrogen receptor alpha (ER) content and function are maintained in all the antiestrogen resistant cell lines. Overexpressing active PKC-δ in tamoxifen-sensitive MCF-7 cells (PKC-δ/MCF-7) led to tamoxifen resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of PKC-δ by rottlerin (a relatively specific inhibitor of PKC-δ) significantly inhibited estrogen- and tamoxifen-induced growth in all antiestrogen resistant cell lines. PKC-δ levels are significantly higher in Tam-resistant tumors compared to Tam-sensitive tumors in xenograft model (P
Abstract 186: Remote Limb Ischemic Preconditioning Improves Short and Long Term Survival and Maintains Intravascular Blood Volume During Resuscitation of Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Wangde Dai, Jianru Shi, Juan Carreno, Sharon Hale, Robert A Kloner
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: We further examined the protective effects of experimental bilateral lower limb remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) in rats undergoing experimental hemorrhagic shock. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats (both genders) were randomized into RIPC (n= 26) or control group (n= 27), and anesthetized with intraperitoneal ketamine/xylazine. RIPC was induced by 4 cycles of inflating small bilateral pressure cuffs to 200 mmHg around the femoral arteries for 5 minutes, followed by 5 minute deflation of the cuffs. Hemorrhagic shock was induced by withdrawing blood from the carotid artery. Target mean blood pressure of 30 mmHg was maintained for 30 minutes followed by reinfusion of shed blood within the next 30 min. Rats remained anesthetized for another 30 min before recovery; endpoints were survival at 72 hours and 6 weeks. Results: The % of estimated total blood volume withdrawn to maintain a level of 30 mmHg was similar in the RIPC group (41.7 ± 1.0 %) and control group (41.9 ± 1.0 %). Recovery of blood pressure during the early resuscitation phase was significantly improved in the RIPC group. The diastolic internal dimension of the left ventricle (echocardiogram), which indicates circulating intravascular blood volume, was significantly larger in the RIPC group at 1 hour after initiation of shed blood reinfusion (5.8 ± 0.1 mm) compared to 5.4 ± 0.1mm in the control group (p=0.04). Left ventricular fractional shortening was comparable between RIPC (50.9 ± 1.9 %) and control group (49.6 ± 1.8 %; p=0.64) at 1 hour after initiation of resuscitation. At 48 hours after shock, BUN was within normal range in the RIPC group (17.3 ± 1.2 mg/dl); but elevated in the control group (22.0 ± 1.7 mg/dl). At 72 hours after hemorrhagic shock injury, 6 of 27 (22.2 %) rats in the control group and 13 of 26 (50 %, p = 0.047) rats in the RIPC group survived. At 6 weeks, 5 of 27 (18.5 %) rats in the control group and 13 of 26 (50 %; p = 0.021) rats in the RIPC group survived. RIPC significantly increased survival rate at both 72 hours and 6 weeks. Conclusions: RIPC improved recovery of blood pressure and maintained more circulating intravascular blood volume in the early phase of resuscitation, improved BUN, and markedly and significantly improved short and long term survival in rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock.
Current Insights: Evolving Principles and Controversies of Cancer Risk Assessment and Management of Hereditary Cancers
Authors: Robert Pilarski, Jennifer M. Weiss, Susan M. Domchek, Moderated by Tuya Pal
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2020)

With the introduction of panel and direct-to-consumer testing, genetic testing has become commonplace in recent years, paving the way for both increased awareness around prevalent genetic cancer risks, and also an onslaught of misinformation. At the NCCN 2020 Virtual Annual Conference, Dr. Tuya Pal led a panel of experts in discussing the utility and difficulties associated with multigene testing, the emerging role of moderate-penetrance genes in defining risks for hereditary cancer, and the controversies associated with direct-to-consumer genetic testing services.
Illness-Related Work Absence in Mid-April Was Highest on Record
Authors: Adam W. Gaffney, David U. Himmelstein, Steffie Woolhandler
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

This survey study analyzes data from the Current Population Survey to compare trends in work absence over the first 4 months of 2020 relative to 2019 to shed light on the health and ecenomic effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
MPs vote against trade bill amendment that aimed to keep NHS out of future deals
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2020)

MPs have voted down an amendment to the government’s trade bill that was intended to protect the NHS from being included in any future deals.

Before the vote more than 400 doctors and health professionals had sent an open letter to ministers, urging the government to accept amendments to ensure that health services were not on the table in any post-Brexit trade deals.1

After …
SAT0049 Anterior knee pain and hyperlaxity
Authors: OF Sendur, T Yildirim, G Gürer, A Aydeniz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Patellar malalignment is one of the most important reason of anterior knee pain and is determined by Q angle measurement. Q angle is defined as the angle between quadriceps muscle and patellar tendon. It is approximately 13 degrees in male and 18 degrees in female. <h3>Objectives</h3> The first aim of this study is to determine Q angle differences in supine and upright position. The second aim is to evaluate Q angle differences in person who have hyperlaxity compared to healthy ones. <h3>Methods</h3> In this study,253 healthy person was evaluated according to hyperlaxity and Q angle degrees. The measurements of hyperlaxity was carried out by using Beighton scoring system. According to the scores 5 and over 20 cases, less than 5 20 cases and finally other 20 cases in whom the laxity score was 0 degree were accepted as a control group. We use one way Annova method to compare Q angle degrees in supine and upright position. TUKEY-HSD test was applied to show relation between hyperlaxity and Q angle. <h3>Results</h3> Standing and supine position Q angle values were not found statistically significant.(p &gt; 0.05) However hyperlaxity more than 5 (According to Beighton score was found statistically significant compared to control group. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In our study we concluded that; There is no difference between supine and upright position Q angle values There is significantly corelation between hyperlaxity and Q angle values <h3>Reference</h3> Graham R. Regional and heritable bone and collagen diseases: Hypermobility syndrome. In: Dieppe PA, Klippel HJ, eds. <i>Rheumatology</i>. London: Mosby, 1998;8:51–2
Risk Factors Associated With Mortality Among Residents With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Long-term Care Facilities in Ontario, Canada
Authors: David N. Fisman, Isaac Bogoch, Lauren Lapointe-Shaw, Janine McCready, Ashleigh R. Tuite
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been particularly severe among individuals residing in long-term care (LTC) facilities. As of April 10, 2020, half of Canada's COVID-19 deaths had occurred in LTC facilities.To better understand trends and risk factors associated with COVID-19 death in LTC facilities in Ontario, Canada.This cohort study of 627 LTC facilities included 269 total individuals who died of COVID-19 in Ontario to April 11, 2020, and 83 individuals who died of COVID-19 in Ontario LTC facilities to April 7, 2020. Because population denominators were not available for LTC residents, they were approximated as the total number of LTC facility beds in Ontario (79 498), assuming complete occupancy.Confirmed or suspected COVID-19 outbreaks; confirmed COVID-19 infection among residents and staff, diagnosed by real-time polymerase chain reaction testing.COVID-19-specific mortality incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for LTC residents were calculated with community-living Ontarians older than 69 years as the comparator group. Count-based regression methods were used to model temporal trends and to identify associations of infection risk among staff and residents with subsequent LTC resident death. Model-derived IRRs for COVID-19-specific mortality were generated through bootstrap resampling (1000 replicates) to generate median and 95% credible intervals for IRR over time.Of 627 LTC facilities, 272 (43.4%) reported COVID-19 infection in residents or staff. Of 1 731 315 total individuals older than 69 years living in Ontario during the study period, 229 (<0.1%) died; of 79 498 potential residents in LTC facilities, 83 (0.1%) died. The IRR for COVID-19-related death in LTC residents was 13.1 (95% CI, 9.9-17.3) compared with community-living adults older than 69 years. The IRR increased sharply over time and was 87.3 (95% credible interval, 6.4-769.8) by April 11, 2020. Infection among LTC staff was associated with death among residents with a 6-day lag (eg, adjusted IRR for death per infected staff member, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.11-1.26).In this cohort study of COVID-19-related deaths during the pandemic in Ontario, Canada, mortality risk was concentrated in LTC residents and increased during a short period. Early identification of risk requires a focus on testing, providing personal protective equipment to staff, and restructuring the LTC workforce to prevent the movement of COVID-19 between facilities.