tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Maternal Psychological Resilience During Pregnancy and Newborn Telomere Length: A Prospective Study
Authors: Glenn Verner, Elissa Epel, Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen, Eero Kajantie, Claudia Buss, Jue Lin, Elizabeth Blackburn, Katri Räikkönen, Pathik D. Wadhwa, Sonja Entringer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2020)

In the context of the importance of elucidating the determinants of the initial, newborn setting of telomere length (TL), it is increasingly evident that maternal stress and stress-related processes during pregnancy play a major role. Although psychological resilience may function as a buffer, research in this area has not yet examined its potential role vis-à-vis that of stress. The authors examined the relationship between maternal psychological resilience during pregnancy and newborn TL.In a sample of 656 mother-child dyads from the Prediction and Prevention of Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction cohort, multiple serial assessments were conducted over the course of pregnancy to quantify maternal stress, negative and positive emotional responses to pregnancy events, positive affect, and perceived social support. Principal component analysis identified two latent factors: stress and positivity. A measure of resilience was computed by regressing the positivity factor on the stress factor, in order to quantify positivity after accounting for stress. TL was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction in leukocytes extracted from cord blood shortly after birth. Linear regression was used to predict newborn TL from maternal resilience during pregnancy, adjusting for other potential determinants.Maternal stress significantly predicted shorter newborn TL (β=-0.079), and positivity significantly predicted longer TL (β=0.135). Maternal resilience (positivity accounting for stress) was significantly and positively associated with newborn TL (β=0.114, 95% CI=0.035, 0.189), with each standard deviation increase in resilience predicting 12% longer newborn TL.The results indicate that maternal psychological resilience may exert a salubrious effect on offspring telomere biology and highlight the importance of enhancing maternal mental health and well-being during pregnancy.
Evolutionary dynamics of neoantigens in growing tumors
Authors: Eszter Lakatos, Marc J. Williams, Ryan O. Schenck, William C. H. Cross, Jacob Househam, Luis Zapata, Benjamin Werner, Chandler Gatenbee, Mark Robertson-Tessi, Chris P. Barnes, Alexander R. A. Anderson, Andrea Sottoriva, Trevor A. Graham
Journal: Nature Genetics (2020)
One-step puncture and dilation with fine-gauge electrocautery dilator for endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage
Authors: Koichiro Mandai, Tetsuhisa Ko, Koji Uno, Kenjiro Yasuda
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Recently the usefulness of a novel fine-gauge electrocautery dilator (Fine 025; Medico's Hirata Inc., Osaka, Japan) ([Fig. 1]) has been reported for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided therapy [1] [2] [3]. Herein we describe a successful one-step puncture and tract dilation using this dilator during EUS-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD).
Can We Improve Cardiovascular Disease for Women Using Data Under Our Noses?
Authors: Odayme Quesada, Chrisandra Shufelt, C. Noel Bairey Merz
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Production, safety and efficacy of iPSC-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in acute steroid-resistant graft versus host disease: a phase I, multicenter, open-label, dose-escalation study
Authors: Adrian J. C. Bloor, Amit Patel, James E. Griffin, Maria H. Gilleece, Rohini Radia, David T. Yeung, Diana Drier, Laurie S. Larson, Gene I. Uenishi, Derek Hei, Kilian Kelly, Igor Slukvin, John E. J. Rasko
Journal: Nature Medicine (2020)
Endoscopic resection of multiple large gastric polyps
Authors: Abhilash Perisetti, Hemant Goyal, Benjamin Tharian, Sumant Inamdar, Shashank Garg
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

A 50-year-old woman with a past medical history of diabetes, end-stage renal disease, and hypertension presented to the gastroenterology clinic with melena and severe iron deficiency anemia (IDA). She reported no use of antithrombotic agents or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.
Novel ALK5 Inhibitor Inhibits Breast Tumor Metastasis and Increases the Interactions of SnoN and Ski to the Promoters of TGF beta Target Genes.
Authors: Jee Y. Son, Eun J. Yoon, Chul Y. Park, Dae-Kee Kim, Yhun Y. Sheen
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2018)
Interleukin-2 signals converge in a lymphoid–dendritic cell pathway that promotes anticancer immunity
Authors: Miro E. Raeber, Rodney A. Rosalia, Dominic Schmid, Ufuk Karakus, Onur Boyman
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2020)

Tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (DCs) correlate with effective anticancer immunity and improved responsiveness to anti-PD-1 checkpoint immunotherapy. However, the drivers of DC expansion and intratumoral accumulation are ill-defined. We found that interleukin-2 (IL-2) stimulated DC formation through innate and adaptive lymphoid cells in mice and humans, and this increase in DCs improved anticancer immunity. Administration of IL-2 to humans within a clinical trial and of IL-2 receptor (IL-2R)-biased IL-2 to mice resulted in pronounced expansion of type 1 DCs, including migratory and cross-presenting subsets, and type 2 DCs, although neither DC precursors nor mature DCs had functional IL-2Rs. In mechanistic studies, IL-2 signals stimulated innate lymphoid cells, natural killer cells, and T cells to synthesize the cytokines FLT3L, CSF-2, and TNF. These cytokines redundantly caused DC expansion and activation, which resulted in improved antigen processing and correlated with favorable anticancer responses in mice and patients. Thus, IL-2 immunotherapy-mediated stimulation of DCs contributes to anticancer immunity by rendering tumors more immunogenic.
Prospective study of the association between sport-related concussion and brain morphometry (3T-MRI) in collegiate athletes: study from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium
Authors: Samuel A Bobholz, Benjamin L Brett, Lezlie Y España, Daniel L Huber, Andrew R Mayer, Jaroslaw Harezlak, Steven P Broglio, Thomas McAllister, Michael A McCrea, Timothy B Meier
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

To determine the acute and early long-term associations of sport-related concussion (SRC) and subcortical and cortical structures in collegiate contact sport athletes.Athletes with a recent SRC (n=99) and matched contact (n=91) and non-contact sport controls (n=95) completed up to four neuroimaging sessions from 24 to 48 hours to 6 months postinjury. Subcortical volumes (amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus and dorsal striatum) and vertex-wise measurements of cortical thickness/volume were computed using FreeSurfer. Linear mixed-effects models examined the acute and longitudinal associations between concussion and structural metrics, controlling for intracranial volume (or mean thickness) and demographic variables (including prior concussions and sport exposure).There were significant group-dependent changes in amygdala volumes across visits (p=0.041); this effect was driven by a trend for increased amygdala volume at 6 months relative to subacute visits in contact controls, with no differences in athletes with SRC. No differences were observed in any cortical metric (ie, thickness or volume) for primary or secondary analyses.A single SRC had minimal associations with grey matter structure across a 6-month time frame.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy without fistula dilation using a novel fully covered metallic stent with a 5.9-Fr ultra-thin delivery system
Authors: Takehiko Koga, Susumu Hijioka, Yuya Hisada, Yuta Maruki, Yoshikuni Nagashio, Takuji Okusaka, Yutaka Saito
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS) is a potential procedure for primary drainage in unresectable malignant distal biliary obstruction and can replace endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. However, adverse events following EUS-CDS are occasionally reported, the most common being bile leak due to ﬁstula dilation [1] [2]. The safety of EUS-CDS without fistula dilation using two types of thin, fully covered self-expandable metallic stents (FCSEMSs) has been previously reported [3] [4] [5]. Here we report a case in which EUS-CDS without fistula dilation was successfully performed using a novel FCSEMS with a 5.9-Fr delivery system (Hanarostent Benefit; M.I.Tech, Seoul, Korea) ([Fig. 1]).
Intravesical bacteriophages for treating urinary tract infections in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Lorenz Leitner, Aleksandre Ujmajuridze, Nina Chanishvili, Marina Goderdzishvili, Irina Chkonia, Sophia Rigvava, Archil Chkhotua, Giorgi Changashvili, Shawna McCallin, Marc P Schneider, Martina D Liechti, Ulrich Mehnert, Lucas M Bachmann, Wilbert Sybesma, Thomas M Kessler
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2020)
Late-Onset Giant Cell Myocarditis Due to Enterovirus During Treatment With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Mariana Mirabel, Domitille Callon, Patrick Bruneval, Anne-Laure Lebreil, Elie Mousseaux, Stéphane Oudard, Jean-Sébastien Hulot, Laurent Andreoletti
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2020)

des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Considerations for an Optimal Electrical Activity of the Diaphragm Threshold for Automated Detection of Ineffective Efforts
Authors: José Aquino-Esperanza, Leonardo Sarlabous, Rudys Magrans, Jaume Montanya, Umberto Lucangelo, Lluís Blanch
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)

Despite these caveats, Zhang and Hei's point is well made and highlights the work that is still required to successfully advance cell therapy for ARDS, especially in the context of extracorporeal organ support.We hope that our study illustrates the usefulness of clinically relevant, high-fidelity animal models in advancing these efforts.
Cyclophilin D–dependent oligodendrocyte mitochondrial ion leak contributes to neonatal white matter injury
Authors: Zoya Niatsetskaya, Sergey Sosunov, Anna Stepanova, James Goldman, Alexander Galkin, Maria Neginskaya, Evgeny Pavlov, Vadim Ten
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

Postnatal failure of oligodendrocyte maturation has been proposed as a cellular mechanism of diffuse white matter injury (WMI) in premature infants. However, the molecular mechanisms for oligodendrocyte maturational failure remain unclear. In neonatal mice and cultured differentiating oligodendrocytes, sublethal intermittent hypoxic (IH) stress activated cyclophilin D–dependent mitochondrial proton leak and uncoupled mitochondrial respiration, leading to transient bioenergetic stress. This was associated with development of diffuse WMI: poor oligodendrocyte maturation, diffuse axonal hypomyelination, and permanent sensorimotor deficit. In normoxic mice and oligodendrocytes, exposure to a mitochondrial uncoupler recapitulated the phenotype of WMI, supporting the detrimental role of mitochondrial uncoupling in the pathogenesis of WMI. Compared with WT mice, cyclophilin D–knockout littermates did not develop bioenergetic stress in response to IH challenge and fully preserved oligodendrocyte maturation, axonal myelination, and neurofunction. Our study identified the cyclophilin D–dependent mitochondrial proton leak and uncoupling as a potentially novel subcellular mechanism for the maturational failure of oligodendrocytes and offers a potential therapeutic target for prevention of diffuse WMI in premature infants experiencing chronic IH stress.
Symptom burden of atopic dermatitis in early childhood assessed from daily monitoring of symptoms and topical steroid use
Authors: Iben Frier Ruge, Sunna Thorsteinsdóttir, Sarah Nørgaard, Bo L. Chawes, Klaus Bønnelykke, Jakob Stokholm, Hans Bisgaard
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Shantakumar Dnyaneshwar Bhandarkar
Authors: Nirmala Rege, Bharat K Kantharia
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Shantakumar Dnyaneshwar Bhandarkar was a pioneer endocrinologist, devoted physician, inquisitive scientist-researcher, and a passionate teacher. He had a long and distinguished scholastic career at the Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and King Edward VII Memorial Hospital (“GS/KEM”) in Mumbai (previously Bombay), one of India’s most prestigious institutions. He joined GS/KEM in 1949 for his medical training. As a bright and hardworking student, he was destined to rank first with many accolades and awards in the MBBS graduate degree examination in 1954. He then pursued his postgraduate studies in general and internal medicine and received his MD from the University of Bombay in1958. With strong aspirations to fulfil his ambition for further study and special training in endocrinology, Bhandarkar went to Glasgow in October 1959. While working at the Western Infirmary, where he remained until June 1961, he was elected as a fellow of faculty qua physician of the Royal Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow (FRFPS) on 5 December 1960 and a member of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh on 7 February 1961. In 1969, he gained fellowship of the royal colleges of physicians of Edinburgh and Glasgow.

On return to his motherland, Bhandarkar joined his alma mater, GS/KEM, as honorary assistant professor of medicine in August 1962. A fierce competitive environment was visible in every field and in every specialty at GS/KEM. However, with his sincere desire to advance medical services to the poor and struggling population of India, his enthusiasm to teach and share knowledge, his constant drive to learn from the others, …
In established atherosclerosis, P2Y12 inhibitor vs. aspirin monotherapy reduces MI but not stroke or mortality
Authors: Islam Y. Elgendy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Source Citation Chiarito M, Sanz-Sánchez J, Cannata F, et al. Monotherapy with a P2Y12 inhibitor or aspirin for secondary prevention in patients with established atherosclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2020;395;1487-95. 32386592
Dense neuronal reconstruction through X-ray holographic nano-tomography
Authors: Aaron T. Kuan, Jasper S. Phelps, Logan A. Thomas, Tri M. Nguyen, Julie Han, Chiao-Lin Chen, Anthony W. Azevedo, John C. Tuthill, Jan Funke, Peter Cloetens, Alexandra Pacureanu, Wei-Chung Allen Lee
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2020)
Neil McIntyre: professor of hepatology and author of game changing research on intestinal hormones
Authors: Penny Warren
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Credit: Wendy McIntyre

In 1963 Neil McIntyre, a research fellow, joined the Royal Free Hospital in London to work for hepatologist Sheila Sherlock (read obituary: www.bmj.com/content/324/7330/174.1). He was seconded to the diabetes department where, experimenting with glucose intolerance in liver disease, he found taking glucose orally induced a considerably higher rise in plasma insulin levels than taking it intravenously. He arrived at the game changing conclusion that an intestinal hormone stimulated insulin. His doctoral thesis on this in 1967 made a major contribution to knowledge of insulin secretion and opened up a new area of research into the overlooked role of gut hormones.

In academic medicine, McIntyre had found his niche. His intellect was apparent early—as a medical student he achieved the considerable coup of having his research published in Nature and the British Journal of Experimental Pathology . His successor at the Royal Free, Humphrey Hodgson, said, “Ours is one of the most specific, precise types of medical study, and it suited Neil’s rigorous approach.”

In 1966, McIntyre was …
Benefits of Treating Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Mahadevappa Hunasikatti
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Decreased risk of major osteoporotic fracture after long-term narrowband ultraviolet B light phototherapy in patients with vitiligo: An 11-year nationwide propensity score–matched study
Authors: Tae Young Han, Jae Eun Choi, June Hyun Kyung Lee, Young Shin Kim, Kyungil Kim, Jung Min Bae
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Every Body Counts: Measuring Mortality From the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mathew V. Kiang, Rafael A. Irizarry, Caroline O. Buckee, Satchit Balsari
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

As of mid-August 2020, more than 170 000 U.S. residents have died of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, the true number of deaths resulting from COVID-19, both directly and indirectly, is likely to be much higher. The proper attribution of deaths to this pandemic has a range of societal, legal, mortuary, and public health consequences. This article discusses the current difficulties of disaster death attribution and describes the strengths and limitations of relying on death counts from death certificates, estimations of indirect deaths, and estimations of excess mortality. Improving the tabulation of direct and indirect deaths on death certificates will require concerted efforts and consensus across medical institutions and public health agencies. In addition, actionable estimates of excess mortality will require timely access to standardized and structured vital registry data, which should be shared directly at the state level to ensure rapid response for local governments. Correct attribution of direct and indirect deaths and estimation of excess mortality are complementary goals that are critical to our understanding of the pandemic and its effect on human life.
A protumorigenic secretory pathway activated by p53 deficiency in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xiaochao Tan, Lei Shi, Priyam Banerjee, Xin Liu, Hou-Fu Guo, Jiang Yu, Neus Bota-Rabassedas, B. Leticia Rodriguez, Don L. Gibbons, William K. Russell, Chad J. Creighton, Jonathan M. Kurie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

Therapeutic strategies designed to target TP53-deficient cancer cells remain elusive. Here, we showed that TP53 loss initiated a pharmacologically actionable secretory process that drove lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression. Molecular, biochemical, and cell biological studies showed that TP53 loss increased the expression of Golgi reassembly and stacking protein 55 kDa (G55), a Golgi stacking protein that maintains Golgi organelle integrity and is part of a GOLGIN45 (G45)-myosin IIA-containing protein complex that activates secretory vesicle biogenesis in the Golgi. TP53 loss activated G55-dependent secretion by relieving G55 and myosin IIA from miR-34a-dependent silencing. G55-dependent secreted proteins enhanced the proliferative and invasive activities of TP53-deficient LUAD cells and promoted angiogenesis and CD8+ T cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment. A small molecule that blocks G55-G45 interactions impaired secretion and reduced TP53-deficient LUAD growth and metastasis. These results identified a targetable secretory vulnerability in TP53-deficient LUAD cells.
Hypofractionated Versus Standard Fractionated Radiotherapy in Patients With Early Breast Cancer or Ductal Carcinoma In Situ in a Randomized Phase III Trial: The DBCG HYPO Trial
Authors: Birgitte V. Offersen, Jan Alsner, Hanne M. Nielsen, Erik H. Jakobsen, Mette H. Nielsen, Mechthild Krause, Lars Stenbygaard, Ingvil Mjaaland, Andreas Schreiber, Unn-Miriam Kasti, Jens Overgaard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

PURPOSE Given the poor results using hypofractionated radiotherapy for early breast cancer, a dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions (fr) has been the standard regimen used by the Danish Breast Cancer Group (DBCG) since 1982. Results from more recent trials have stimulated a renewed interest in hypofractionation, and the noninferiority DBCG HYPO trial (ClincalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00909818 ) was designed to determine whether a dose of 40 Gy in 15 fr does not increase the occurrence of breast induration at 3 years compared with a dose of 50 Gy in 25 fr. PATIENTS AND METHODS One thousand eight hundred eighty-two patients &gt; 40 years of age who underwent breast-conserving surgery for node-negative breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) were randomly assigned to radiotherapy at a dose of either 50 Gy in 25 fr or 40 Gy in 15 fr. The primary end point was 3-year grade 2-3 breast induration assuming noninferiority regarding locoregional recurrence. RESULTS A total of 1,854 consenting patients (50 Gy, n = 937; 40 Gy, n = 917) were enrolled from 2009-2014 from eight centers. There were 1,608 patients with adenocarcinoma and 246 patients with DCIS. The 3-year rates of induration were 11.8% (95% CI, 9.7% to 14.1%) in the 50-Gy group and 9.0% (95% CI, 7.2% to 11.1%) in the 40-Gy group (risk difference, −2.7%; 95% CI, −5.6% to 0.2%; P = .07). Systemic therapies and radiotherapy boost did not increase the risk of induration. Telangiectasia, dyspigmentation, scar appearance, edema, and pain were detected at low rates, and cosmetic outcome and patient satisfaction with breast appearance were high with either no difference or better outcome in the 40-Gy cohort compared with the 50-Gy cohort. The 9-year risk of locoregional recurrence was 3.3% (95% CI, 2.0% to 5.0%) in the 50-Gy group and 3.0% (95% CI, 1.9% to 4.5%) in the 40-Gy group (risk difference, −0.3%; 95% CI, −2.3% to 1.7%). The 9-year overall survival was 93.4% (95% CI, 91.1% to 95.1%) in the 50-Gy group and 93.4% (95% CI, 91.0% to 95.2%) in the 40-Gy group. The occurrence of radiation-associated cardiac and lung disease was rare and not influenced by the fractionation regimen. CONCLUSION Moderately hypofractionated breast irradiation of node-negative breast cancer or DCIS did not result in more breast induration compared with standard fractionated therapy. Other normal tissue effects were minimal, with similar or less frequent rates in the 40-Gy group. The 9-year locoregional recurrence risk was low.