tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neuroimaging and Machine Learning for Dementia Diagnosis: Recent Advancements and Future Prospects
Authors: Md Rishad Ahmed, Yuan Zhang, Zhiquan Feng, Benny Lo, Omer T. Inan, Hongen Liao
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2018)

Dementia, a chronic and progressive cognitive declination of brain function caused by disease or impairment, is becoming more prevalent due to the aging population. A major challenge in dementia is achieving accurate and timely diagnosis. In recent years, neuroimaging with computer-aided algorithms have made remarkable advances in addressing this challenge. The success of these approaches is mostly attributed to the application of machine learning techniques for neuroimaging. In this review paper, we present a comprehensive survey of automated diagnostic approaches for dementia using medical image analysis and machine learning algorithms published in the recent years. Based on the rigorous review of the existing works, we have found that, while most of the studies focused on Alzheimer's disease, recent research has demonstrated reasonable performance in the identification of other types of dementia remains a major challenge. Multimodal imaging analysis deep learning approaches have shown promising results in the diagnosis of these other types of dementia. The main contributions of this review paper are as follows. 1) Based on the detailed analysis of the existing literature, this paper discusses neuroimaging procedures for dementia diagnosis. 2) It systematically explains the most recent machine learning techniques and, in particular, deep learning approaches for early detection of dementia.
Temporal Raphe Sign for Discrimination of Glaucoma from Optic Neuropathy in Eyes with Macular Ganglion Cell–Inner Plexiform Layer Thinning
Authors: Jinho Lee, Young Kook Kim, Ahnul Ha, Yong Woo Kim, Sung Uk Baek, Jin-Soo Kim, Haeng Jin Lee, Dai Woo Kim, Jin Wook Jeoung, Seong-Joon Kim, Ki Ho Park
Journal: Ophthalmology (2018)
Low-Value Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: Rachel B. Issaka, John M. Inadomi
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2018)

Marc S. Piper, MD, MSc; Jennifer K. Maratt, MD, MS; Brian J. Zikmund-Fisher, PhD; Carmen Lewis, MD, MPH; Jane Forman, ScD; Sandeep Vijan, MD, MS; Valbona Metko, MD; Sameer D. Saini, MD, MS
Selinexor Plus Pomalidomide and Low Dose Dexamethasone (SPd) in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Christine I Chen, Heather J. Sutherland, Rami Kotb, Michael Sebag, Darrell J. White, William Bensinger, Cristina J Gasparetto, Richard Leblanc, Christopher P. Venner, Suzanne Lentzsch, Gary J. Schiller, Brea Lipe, Aldo Del Col, Jatin J. Shah, Jacqueline Jeha, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Michael G. Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Nizar Bahlis
Journal: Blood (2018)
Safety, Efficacy, Pharmacokinetic (PK) and Biomarker Analyses of BCL2 Inhibitor Venetoclax (Ven) Plus MDM2 Inhibitor Idasanutlin (idasa) in Patients (pts) with Relapsed or Refractory (R/R) AML: A Phase Ib, Non-Randomized, Open-Label Study
Authors: Naval G. Daver, Daniel A Pollyea, Jacqueline S. Garcia, Brian A. Jonas, Karen W.L. Yee, Pierre Fenaux, Sarit Assouline, Norbert Vey, Rebecca Olin, Gail J. Roboz, Agostino Tafuri, Giuseppe Visani, Whitney Kirschbrown, Cherie Green, Connie Ma, Monique Dail, Jue Wang, Marion G Ott, Mehrdad Mobasher, Patrick Phuong, Wan-Jen Hong, Marina Y. Konopleva, Michael Andreeff
Journal: Blood (2018)
Prospective study of circulating tumor cells in long survivors of immunotherapy
Authors: M.A. Brenes Fernández, A. Garcia Grande, F. Franco, M.J. Coronado, V. Calvo, L. Gutierrez Sanz, J.C. Sanchez, M. Torrente Regidor, B. Núñez, R. Gómez Bravo, M. Provencio Pulla
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Background: Up to date, there isn't current method or parameter that allows identifying long survivors in treatment with immunotherapy (IT) in a simple and accessible way. We made a prospective study of the usefulness of quantifying circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and CTCs/PDL1+ in patients treated with immunotherapy. Methods: Patients, diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer and in second-line treatment with IT were analyzed prospectively. CTCs from peripheral blood samples were isolated by double density gradient and immunomagnetic separation with AutoMACS equipment (M.Biotec). Quantification of CTCs was performed by Cytometry and Confocal Microscopy. The combination of both methodologies allows greater sensitivity and specificity. Samples were acquired in a MACSQuant cytometer (M.Biotec) and TCS SP5 Confocal Microscope (Leica).Data analysis was performed using MACSQuantify and LASF Lite. Determination of CTCs was made at the beginning of the treatment and every 3 months and up to 12 months during IT, together with radiological evaluation in each extraction. We selected those patients who had no progression of the disease for at least 12 months. Results: Determination of CTCs alone did not allow us to obtain any pattern of recurrence or response. However, we were able to identify 7 patients in the group of long survivors (> 12 months of treatment with IT) using the marker PDL1. The study of their CTCs showed that none of them had circulating CTCs+/PD-L1+. Two of these patients were PDL1+ in tissue sample but negative CTC/PDL1 in blood. We also observed the presence of non-tumor WBC (white blood cells)/PDL1+, but their meaning is not clear in patients with relapse. To emphasize, another patient PDL1 + in tissue, CTC/PDL1+ in serum and low number of WBC, showed positive imaging (PET) of the progression of the disease and its CTC number increased in later determinations. Conclusions: The absence of circulating CTCs/PDL1 + can predict a sustained response to long-term IT. Isolated CTCs without quantifying their associated expression of PDL1 are not associated with a particular pattern nor appear to be useful in identifying long survivors. WBCs that express PDL1 were associated with the appearance of relapse. Larger studies are needed to validate our results. Legal entity responsible for the study: Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda. Funding: Has not received any funding. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Association of Inferior Vena Cava Filter Use With Mortality Rates in Older Adults With Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Behnood Bikdeli, Yun Wang, David Jimenez, Joseph S. Ross, Manuel Monreal, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2018)

This study uses 3 distinct statistical approaches to examine the association between use of inferior vena cava filters and mortality rates in Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries with pulmonary embolism.
Exercise-linked FNDC5/irisin rescues synaptic plasticity and memory defects in Alzheimer’s models
Authors: Mychael V. Lourenco, Rudimar L. Frozza, Guilherme B. de Freitas, Hong Zhang, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Felipe C. Ribeiro, Rafaella A. Gonçalves, Julia R. Clarke, Danielle Beckman, Agnieszka Staniszewski, Hanna Berman, Lorena A. Guerra, Letícia Forny-Germano, Shelby Meier, Donna M. Wilcock, Jorge M. de Souza, Soniza Alves-Leon, Vania F. Prado, Marco A. M. Prado, Jose F. Abisambra, Fernanda Tovar-Moll, Paulo Mattos, Ottavio Arancio, Sergio T. Ferreira, Fernanda G. De Felice
Journal: Nature Medicine (2018)
Association of Friday School Report Card Release With Saturday Incidence Rates of Agency-Verified Physical Child Abuse
Authors: Melissa A. Bright, Sarah D. Lynne, Katherine E. Masyn, Marcus R. Waldman, Julia Graber, Randell Alexander
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2018)

Corporal punishment is a leading risk factor for physical abuse. Strong anecdotal evidence from physicians and other professionals working in child protection suggest that punishment-initiated physical abuse for school-aged children increases after release of report cards. However, no empirical examination of this association has occurred.To examine the temporal association between school report card release and incidence rates (IRs) of physical abuse.This retrospective study reviewed calls to a state child abuse hotline and school report card release dates across a single academic year in Florida. Data were collected in a 265-day window from September 8, 2015, to May 30, 2016, in the 64 of 67 Florida counties with report card release dates available (16 960 days). Participants included all children aged 5 to 11 years for whom calls were made. A total of 1943 verified cases of physical abuse were reported in the study period in the 64 counties. Data were analyzed from October 2017 through May 2018.School report cards release across a single academic year, measured daily by county.Daily counts of calls to a child abuse hotline that later resulted in agency-verified incidents of child physical abuse across a single academic year by county.During the academic year, 167 906 calls came in to the child abuse hotline for children aged 5 to 11 years; 17.8% (n = 29 887) of these calls were suspected incidents of physical abuse, and 2017 (6.7%) of these suspected incidents were later verified as cases of physical abuse before excluding the 3 counties with no release dates available. Among the 1943 cases included in the analysis (58.9% males [n = 1145]; mean [SD] age, 7.69 [1.92] years), calls resulting in verified reports of child physical abuse occurred at a higher rate on Saturdays after a Friday report card release compared with Saturdays that do not follow a Friday report card release (IR ratio, 3.75; 95% CI, 1.21-11.63; P = .02). No significant association of report card release with IRs was found for any other days of the week.This association of school report card release and physical abuse appears to illustrate a unique systems-based opportunity for prevention.
AcSé immunotherapy trials: Anti-PD-1 therapy for adult patients with selected rare cancer types
Authors: A. Marabelle, S. Chevret, F. Janot, B. Escudier, D. Pouessel, C. Tournigand, K. Hoang-Xuan, L. Mortier, B.J.-C. Rousseau, M.J. Schlumberger, I.L. Ray-Coquard, J.-Y. Blay, P. Niccoli, A. Jaccard, D. Couch, N. Hoog-Labouret, I. Pauporte, C. Massard
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Background: Immune checkpoint blockade represents a major breakthrough in cancer therapy with recent approvals of PD-1 or PD-L1 antagonist therapy in France for a range of cancer indications. To generate high evidenced-based knowledge and to prevent off-label use, the French National Cancer Institute (INCa) launched the AcSé Immuno-therapy Program: two exploratory phase II trials, to allow for a nationwide safe and controlled access to nivolumab or pembrolizumab outside of their current marketing approvals for selected rare cancer indications where the literature suggests a potential benefit for patients, but where the difficulties of development render individual experimental studies unattractive to the pharmaceutical industry. Trial design: The two trials, AcSé Nivolumab and AcSé Pembrolizumab are Phase 2, single-arm, national, multicentre trials investigating the efficacy and safety of nivolumab and pembrolizumab, respectively, in adult patients with specific rare cancers who have unresectable locally advanced or metastatic disease which is resistant or refractory to standard therapy and for whom no alternative approved or experimental treatment options exist. Up to 650 patients will be enrolled across the two trials and assigned to one of 13 cohorts (max. 50 patients/cohort) according to their indication (see table).Table109TiPAcSé nivolumabAcSé pembrolizumabCohort 1: Non-clear cell RCCCohort 1: Rare sarcomaCohort 2: Rare head and neck cancerCohort 2: Rare ovarian cancerCohort 3: Rare skin cancerCohort 3: Primary CNS lymphomaCohort 4: MSI-H cancer (other than CRC)Cohort 4: Rare thyroid cancerCohort 5: Penile cancerCohort 5: Rare malignant neuroendocrine cancerCohourt 6: POLE exonuclease domain mutated cancerCohort 6: Germ-cell cancerCohort 7: NK/T-cell lymphoma Open table in a new tab The trials will use a two-stage Bayesian enrichment design to identify potentially sensitive indications and assess treatment efficacy per cohort. Toxicity will also be assessed per cohort and biological samples collected to explore the predictive factors of response and mechanisms of acute and acquired resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in these populations. Legal entity responsible for the study: UNICANCER. Funding: Institut National du Cancer (INCa), La Ligue contre le Cancer, Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS), MSD. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Abstract 14379: Variation of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients Resuscitated From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest- A Statewide Evaluation
Authors: Robert Swor, Lihua Qu, Kelly N Sawyer, Kevin Putman, William Fales
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Our primary objective is to describe the use of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients resuscitated from OHCA using a probabilistic linked statewide EMS and hospital dataset. A secondary objective was to compare variations of care rendered by hospitals across Michigan. We performed a retrospective study to describe PCI use in Adult (&gt;18 years) OHCA patients resuscitated and transported to Michigan hospitals July 1, 2010 to June 30, 2013. We linked two databases , the Michigan EMS Information System (MI_EMSIS) and the Michigan Inpatient Database (MIDB), using a previously validated methodology to create our dataset. Inter-hospital transfers, duplicate cases, and cases with missing arrest rhythms were excluded. This dataset was queried for patient demographics, EMS cardiac arrest variables, provision of PCI, clinical characteristics(VF, cardiogenic shock (Cshock)), hospital diagnosis (AMI) and outcome. Rates of procedure are reported in aggregate and stratified by clinical characteristics, and, to assess the impact of geography on emergency care by the eight Michigan Emergency Care regions. During the study period there were 2,855 matched EMS and MHA records, of which 32.1% survived to hospital discharge. PCI was almost exclusively performed in patients with AMI (38.7% vs 1.6%, (OR=39.0, 95% CI 26.7, 56.8). Clinical factors associated with PCI included initial VF (21.6% vs 9.5%, OR=2.6, 95% CI (2.1,3.3) or Cshock (28.6% vs 8.7%, OR=4.2, 95% CI 3.3, 5.3) Rates of PCI statewide and by region are reported in the table and demonstrate significant variation by region. Conclusion: We identified relatively low rates of PCI for post arrest patients, which was performed primarily for patients with final diagnosis AMI. Patients with initial VF, or cardiogenic shock were more likely to receive PCI. While geographic factors impact post cardiac arrest care, we observe that a minority of post arrest patients in Michigan receive aggressive reperfusion care.
Response to Comment on Bergenstal et al. Glucose Management Indicator (GMI): A New Term for Estimating A1C From Continuous Glucose Monitoring. Diabetes Care 2018;41:2275–2280
Authors: Richard M. Bergenstal, Roy W. Beck, Kelly L. Close, George Grunberger, David B. Sacks, Aaron Kowalski, Adam S. Brown, Lutz Heinemann, Grazia Aleppo, Donna B. Ryan, Tonya D. Riddlesworth, William T. Cefalu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2018)

We thank Pluchino et al. (1) from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Office of In Vitro Diagnostics and Radiological Health, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, for their thoughtful and detailed commentary. They conclude that our proposed continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)–derived measure called glucose management indicator (GMI) (2) is appropriate for inclusion in CGM software to generate a metric conveying extended glucose exposure that may also prove to be a helpful additional tool to personalize diabetes management.

In our estimation, this example of Dr. Lias and her colleagues from the FDA being willing to engage in a dialogue with the authors and the diabetes community focused on finding a solution to a clinical and regulatory quandary (in this case, the use of the potentially confusing term estimated A1C) is worthy of highlighting as a model for future productive …
Scorpion Toxins: Positive Selection at a Distal Site Modulates Functional Evolution at a Bioactive Site
Authors: Limei Zhu, Bin Gao, Shouli Yuan, Shunyi Zhu
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2018)

The bioactive sites of proteins are those that directly interact with their targets. In many immunity- and predation-related proteins, they frequently experience positive selection for dealing with the changes of their targets from competitors. However, some sites that are far away from the interface between proteins and their targets are also identified to evolve under positive selection. Here, we explore the evolutionary implication of such a site in scorpion α-type toxins affecting sodium (Na+) channels (abbreviated as α-ScNaTxs) using a combination of experimental and computational approaches. We found that despite no direct involvement in interaction with Na+ channels, mutations at this site by different types of amino acids led to toxicity change on both rats and insects in three α-ScNaTxs, accompanying differential effects on their structures. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the mutations changed the conformational dynamics of the positively selected bioactive site-containing functional regions by allosteric communication, suggesting a potential evolutionary correlation between these bioactive sites and the distant nonbioactive site. Our results reveal for the first time the cause of fast evolution at nonbioactive sites of scorpion neurotoxins, which is presumably to adapt to the change of their bioactive sites through coevolution to maintain an active conformation for channel binding. This might aid rational design of scorpion Na+ channel toxins with improved phyletic selectivity via modification of a distant nonbioactive site.
Dynamic of systemic immunity and its impact on tumor recurrence after radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: P. Rochigneux, J.C. Nault, N. Ganne-Carrié, D. Olive
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Background: Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is one of the main treatments of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it remains unclear whether this local treatment can induce systemic immune variations. Methods: We conducted a prospective study in a tertiary center including consecutive cirrhotic patients with unifocal HCC<5cm treated by a first RFA between 2010 and 2014. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated before (D0), day after (D1) and month after RFA (M1). Frequencies and phenotypes of myeloid cells, T cells and NK cells were compared between timepoints. Overall recurrence and associated variables were estimated using Kaplan-Meier, log-rank and Cox proportional-hazards models. Results: 80 patients were included (69% male, median age: 67 years). Main etiologies of HCC were alcohol (51%), hepatitis C virus (45%), non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (36%) and hepatitis B virus (9%). Median overall survival was 55M; median progression-free survival was 29.5M. Among innate immune populations, we observed variations between D0, D1 and M1 in NKp30+ NK cells (p < 0.0001) and in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC, p = 0.0009). Concerning adaptive immunity, we observed variations in CD8 Central Memory (p = 0.006) and CD28+ CD8 Central Memory (p = 0.002). An early dynamic (D0/D1) of activated NKp30+ NK cells was associated with a decreased overall recurrence (log-rank, p = 0.016, median delay 25.1 vs 40.6 months). In contrast, a late dynamic (D1/M1) of immature NK cells (CD56bright) and altered myeloid DC (PDL1+) was associated with an increased overall recurrence (log-rank, p = 0.011 and p = 0.0044, respectively). In multivariate analysis, variation of immature NK cells predict tumor recurrence independently of classical clinical prognostic features (HR = 2.41, CI95%(1.15-5.057), p = 0.019). Conclusions: Percutaneous RFA of small HCC leads to systemic modifications of innate and adaptive immunity closely linked with overall tumor recurrence. Legal entity responsible for the study: Service d'Hépatologie, Hopital Jean Verdier. Funding: Grant FAR from SNFGE (Société Nationale Française de Gastro-Entérologie). Disclosure: N. Ganne-Carrié: Personal fees: Bayer Schering Pharma. D. Olive: Founder of Imcheck Therapeutics. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Selective Referral Using CCTA Versus Direct Referral for Individuals Referred to Invasive Coronary Angiography for Suspected CAD
Authors: Hyuk-Jae Chang, Fay Y. Lin, Dan Gebow, Hae Young An, Daniele Andreini, Ravi Bathina, Andrea Baggiano, Virginia Beltrama, Rodrigo Cerci, Eui-Young Choi, Jung-Hyun Choi, So-Yeon Choi, Namsik Chung, Jason Cole, Joon-Hyung Doh, Sang-Jin Ha, Ae-Young Her, Cezary Kepka, Jang-Young Kim, Jin-Won Kim, Sang-Wook Kim, Woong Kim, Gianluca Pontone, Uma Valeti, Todd C. Villines, Yao Lu, Amit Kumar, Iksung Cho, Ibrahim Danad, Donghee Han, Ran Heo, Sang-Eun Lee, Ji Hyun Lee, Hyung-Bok Park, Ji-min Sung, David Leflang, Joseph Zullo, Leslee J. Shaw, James K. Min
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2018)
Outbreak of measles genotype H1 in Northern Italy originated from a case imported from Southeast Asia, 2017
Authors: F. Rovida, N. Brianese, A. Piralla, A. Sarasini, A. Girello, F. Giardina, I. Cassaniti, C. Fornabaio, E. Seminari, A. Monteverdi, A. Piro, M. Baggieri, D. Cereda, A. Pan, F. Magurano, F. Baldanti
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2018)
Atopic eczema and major cardiovascular outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies
Authors: Anna Ascott, Amy Mulick, Ashley M. Yu, David Prieto-Merino, Morten Schmidt, Katrina Abuabara, Liam Smeeth, Amanda Roberts, Sinéad M. Langan
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)

Atopic eczema is a common inflammatory skin disease. Various inflammatory conditions have been linked to cardiovascular disease, a major cause of global mortality and morbidity.We sought to systematically review and meta-analyze population-based studies assessing associations between atopic eczema and specific cardiovascular outcomes.MEDLINE, Embase, and Global Health were searched from inception to December 2017. We obtained pooled estimates using random-effects meta-analyses. We used a multivariate Bayesian meta-regression model to estimate the slope of effect of increasing atopic eczema severity on cardiovascular outcomes.Nineteen relevant studies were included. The effects of atopic eczema reported in cross-sectional studies were heterogeneous, with no evidence for pooled associations with angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure, or stroke. In cohort studies atopic eczema was associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction (n = 4; relative risk [RR], 1.12; 95% CI, 1.00-1.25), stroke (n = 4; RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03-1.17), ischemic stroke n = 4; RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.14-1.20), angina (n = 2; RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.13-1.24), and heart failure (n = 2; RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.05-1.51). Prediction intervals were wide for myocardial infarction and stroke. The risk of cardiovascular outcomes appeared to increase with increasing severity (mean RR increase between severity categories, 1.15; 95% credibility interval, 1.09-1.21; uncertainty interval, 1.04-1.28).Significant associations with cardiovascular outcomes were more common in cohort studies but with considerable between-study heterogeneity. Increasing atopic eczema severity was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes. Improved awareness among stakeholders regarding this small but significant association is warranted.
Tackling <i>Tsc1</i> to Promote Nephrogenesis
Authors: Julie R. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

A pivotal event in kidney development is the formation of nephrons, the number of which is inversely proportional to the risk of kidney disease. A recent study shows prolonged nephrogenesis and a 25% increase in nephrons in mice with reduced levels of hamartin in the kidney.