tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In spontaneous pneumothorax, initial needle aspiration and large- and narrow-bore chest tubes do not differ for success
Authors: Philip Ong, Jay I. Peters
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Mummadi SR, de Longpre' J, Hahn PY. Comparative effectiveness of interventions in initial management of spontaneous pneumothorax: a systematic review and a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Ann Emerg Med. 2020;76:88-102. 32115203.
The effect of pain conditioning on experimentally evoked cough: evidence of impaired endogenous inhibitory control mechanisms in refractory chronic cough
Authors: Emma Hilton, Imran Satia, Kimberley Holt, Ashley A. Woodcock, John Belcher, Jaclyn A. Smith
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

The pathophysiology of refractory chronic cough (RCC) is unclear. We hypothesised that endogenous inhibitory control mechanisms, such as those activated by noxious stimuli inducing pain (conditioned pain modulation) may be capable of inhibiting coughing and urge to cough evoked by inhaled capsaicin. Furthermore, these mechanisms may be impaired in patients with RCC. The objective was to investigate the effects of pain on cough and urge to cough in healthy volunteers and RCC patients. Healthy volunteers and RCC patients underwent a randomised, controlled, four-way crossover study comparing the effect of four interventions on capsaicin-evoked coughing and urge to cough. The interventions comprised immersing a hand in 1) noxious cold water; 2) warm water; 3) warm water, but subjects were instructed to voluntarily supress coughing; and 4) no intervention. The co-primary outcomes were numbers of evoked coughs and urge to cough scores. 20 healthy volunteers (mean± sd age 50.1±14.2 years, male:female 10:10) and 20 RCC patients (age 60.1±7.9 years, male:female 9:11) participated. Overall, noxious cold water reduced capsaicin-evoked urge-to-cough scores and cough numbers compared with warm water (1.6 (95% CI 1.3–2.0) versus 2.2 (1.8–2.6), p&lt;0.001 and 4.8 (3.7–6.2) coughs versus 7.9 (6.7–9.5) coughs, p&lt;0.001, respectively). Healthy volunteers and RCC patients demonstrated similar reductions in the urge to cough during noxious cold-water immersion, but noxious cold water and voluntary suppression interventions were less effective at reducing capsaicin-evoked cough in RCC patients than in healthy volunteers (p=0.041). Endogenous inhibitory control mechanisms, specifically those activated by pain, can reduce both coughing and the urge to cough. Impairment of endogenous inhibitory control mechanisms may contribute to excessive coughing in RCC.
Micro and nanoscale technologies in oral drug delivery
Authors: Samad Ahadian, Joel A. Finbloom, Mohammad Mofidfar, Sibel Emir Diltemiz, Fatemeh Nasrollahi, Elham Davoodi, Vahid Hosseini, Ioanna Mylonaki, Sivakoti Sangabathuni, Hossein Montazerian, Kirsten Fetah, Rohollah Nasiri, Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci, Molly M. Stevens, Tejal A. Desai, Ali Khademhosseini
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2020)
Visceral fat shows the strongest association with the need of intensive care in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Mikiko Watanabe, Damiano Caruso, Dario Tuccinardi, Renata Risi, Marta Zerunian, Michela Polici, Francesco Pucciarelli, Mariarita Tarallo, Lidia Strigari, Silvia Manfrini, Stefania Mariani, Sabrina Basciani, Carla Lubrano, Andrea Laghi, Lucio Gnessi
Journal: Metabolism (2020)
OP0042 Colour duplex ultrasonography in the diagnosis of temporal arteritis
Authors: G Nesher, D Shemesh, M Mates, M Sonnenblick, HB Abramowitz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> The diagnosis of temporal arteritis (TA) usually requires a temporal artery biopsy. Recently it has been reported that a periluminal dark halo, detected by colour duplex ultrasonography (CDU) of the temporal arteries, is a characteristic sign of TA, and commonly appears in these patients. <h3>Objectives</h3> To examine the predictive value of the dark halo sign in diagnosing TA. <h3>Methods</h3> During a period of 2 years 69 patients suspected of having TA were examined by CDU of both temporal arteries, using the Acuson SEQUOIA 512 with a 7 MHz linear array transducer. Temporal artery biopsy was performed in 32 of the patients. The diagnosis of TA was made if a patient had a positive biopsy, or met all of the 3 following criteria: 1. ACR classification criteria were fulfilled, 2. there was a prompt clinical response to 40–60 mg/day of prednisone, 3. no other diagnosis related to the symptoms was made during a follow-up of 6 months. <h3>Results</h3> Periluminal dark halo was observed in 24 of the 69 patients. TA was diagnosed in 12 of them, giving a positive predictive value (PPV) of only 50%. No halo was detected in 45 cases. Only 2 of them had TA, giving a high negative predictive value (NPV) of 96%. The sensitivity and specificity of the halo sign for diagnosing TA were 86% and 78%, respectively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The PPV of the halo sign in CDU of the temporal arteries is unsatisfactory for diagnosing TA. However, The NPV is very high. Thus a negative halo sign can practically serve to rule out a diagnosis of TA and precludes the need for a biopsy in most instances.
Absence of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in a person with a homozygous point mutation in <i>MR1</i>
Authors: Lauren J. Howson, Wael Awad, Anouk von Borstel, Hui Jing Lim, Hamish E. G. McWilliam, Maria L. Sandoval-Romero, Shamik Majumdar, Abdul Rezzak Hamzeh, Thomas D. Andrews, David H. McDermott, Philip M. Murphy, Jérôme Le Nours, Jeffrey Y. W. Mak, Ligong Liu, David P. Fairlie, James McCluskey, Jose A. Villadangos, Matthew C. Cook, Stephen J. Turner, Martin S. Davey, Samar Ojaimi, Jamie Rossjohn
Journal: Science Immunology (2020)

A rare human allele renders MR1 unable to present microbially derived antigen, resulting in a selective loss of MAIT cells.
Former Manchester City doctor can return to work after suspension for ordering drugs under patient’s name
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

A former doctor for Manchester City Football Club has been allowed back on the UK medical register, after a six month suspension for ordering antidepressants and anti-anxiolytics for himself in a patient’s name and for urging his estranged partner not to cooperate in a General Medical Council (GMC) investigation into the self-prescribing.

Matthew Brown told the medical practitioners tribunal that reviewed his case and allowed him to return to work that he felt ashamed because his suspension had left him unable to assist his medical colleagues during the pandemic.

Brown was suspended in January after an earlier tribunal …
Gabapentin reduced drinking in patients with alcohol use disorder and alcohol withdrawal symptoms
Authors: Mat Rose
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Source Citation Anton RF, Latham P, Voronin K, et al. Efficacy of gabapentin for the treatment of alcohol use disorder in patients with alcohol withdrawal symptoms: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180:1-9. 32150232
Abstract 15574: Hospital Variation in Use of Impella for Acute Myocardial Infarction Not Explained by Patient Factors
Authors: Michael P Thompson, Donald S Likosky, John D Syrjamaki, Thomas Cascino, Keith D Aaronson, Jonathan Haft, Francis D Pagani
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: The use of the Impella ventricular assist device to treat acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has rapidly increased, but variation in its use across providers has not been previously de...
Prevention of Obesity Related Diseases through Laminarin-induced targeted delivery of Bindarit
Authors: Chunmei Xu, Luqi Yin, Zhipeng Teng, Xuemei Zhou, Wenjie Li, Qiong Lai, Cuiping Peng, Chengyuan Zhang, Jie Lou, Xing Zhou
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Rationale: The developement of oral targeted therapeutics for obesity and obesity-related diseases is challenging, as these diseases involve multiple lesions distributed throughout the whole body. Herein, we report a successful stragety for targeted oral delivery of bindarit to multiple obesity-related lesions including inflamed adipose tissue, fatty liver and atherosclerotic plaques. Methods: The computer simulation from atomstic to mesoscale was first applied for designing bindarit-loaded nanoparticles (pBIN) and laminarin-modified bindarit-loaded nanoparticles (LApBIN). Then pBIN were suceesfully prepared using a dialysis procedure, and LApBIN were prepared though the interaction bewtween laminarin and pBIN. The physiochemical properties, in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetics, oral targeting capability and in vivo efficacy of LApBIN in various obesity-related diseases were examined. Results: LApBIN were sucessfully designed and prepared. Following oral administration of LApBIN, the nanoparticles could be sucessully orally adsorbed and translocated to monocytes. Contributed by the recruitment of monocytes to multiple obesity-related lesions, LApBIN successfully delivered bindarit to these lesions, and effectively suppressed inflammation there, which exerted successful preventive effects on high-fat-diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, fatty liver and atherosclerosis. Conclusions:This strategy could represent a promising approach to develop effective oral treatments for obesity and other metabolic diseases.
Decreased Mitochondrial DNA Content Drives OXPHOS Dysregulation in Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yi Xiao, Rosanna Clima, Jonas Busch, Anja Rabien, Ergin Kilic, Sonia L. Villegas, Bernd Timmermann, Marcella Attimonelli, Klaus Jung, David Meierhofer
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) and renal oncocytoma are closely related, rare kidney tumors. Mutations in complex I (CI)-encoding genes play an important role in dysfunction of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system in renal oncocytoma, but are less frequently observed in chRCC. As such, the relevance of OXPHOS status and role of CI mutations in chRCC remain unknown. To address this issue, we performed proteome and metabolome profiling as well as mitochondrial whole-exome sequencing to detect mitochondrial alterations in chRCC tissue specimens. Multiomic analysis revealed downregulation of electron transport chain (ETC) components in chRCC that differed from the expression profile in renal oncocytoma. A decrease in mitochondrial (mt)DNA content, rather than CI mutations, was the main cause for reduced OXPHOS in chRCC. There was a negative correlation between protein and transcript levels of nuclear DNA- but not mtDNA-encoded ETC complex subunits in chRCC. In addition, the reactive oxygen species scavenger glutathione (GSH) was upregulated in chRCC due to decreased expression of proteins involved in GSH degradation. These results demonstrate that distinct mechanisms of OXPHOS exist in chRCC and renal oncocytoma and that expression levels of ETC complex subunits can serve as a diagnostic marker for this rare malignancy. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings establish potential diagnostic markers to distinguish malignant chRCC from its highly similar but benign counterpart, renal oncocytoma.
The Importance of Locoregional Therapy in Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Nadeem Riaz, Eric Sherman, Nancy Lee
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
New Horizons in Pharmacologic Therapy for Secondary Stroke Prevention
Authors: Aristeidis H. Katsanos, Robert G. Hart
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2020)

Even with currently available therapies and lifestyle modifications following an ischemic stroke, there remains a substantial residual lifetime risk of stroke recurrence and cardiovascular morbidity. This review summarizes emerging novel therapeutic approaches that have demonstrated signals of efficacy for prevention of noncardioembolic stroke from phase II and phase III randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and provides an overview of drug regimens that have had promising results in primary stroke prevention and could be considered for further evaluation.After a minor acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, patients bear a high cardiovascular risk that is insufficiently addressed by long-term antiplatelet treatment. The potent combination of low-dose rivaroxaban with aspirin as an antithrombotic option for the secondary prevention in patients with clinical atherosclerosis and a history of previous stroke warrants further study. Two international RCTs are currently evaluating the utility of oral factor XI inhibitors combined with antiplatelets for secondary, noncardioembolic ischemic stroke prevention. Aggressive lipid management with statins has been shown to ameliorate ischemic stroke recurrence and total cardiovascular risk. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors are drug regimens that researchers have suggested confer additional protection against stroke recurrence, while antisense oligonucleotide therapies targeting lipoprotein(a) have been reported to hold great promise as a future therapeutic strategy to decrease the residual cardiovascular risk mediated through lipoprotein(a). Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are newer antidiabetic medications, recently highlighted because of their consistently greater benefit on stroke reduction compared with other cardiovascular outcomes.There are currently several exciting emerging opportunities in secondary stroke prevention, with RCTs investigating novel antithrombotic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic agents with novel mechanisms that are likely to reduce the future burden of recurrent stroke.
Phthalate and Bisphenol Exposure during Pregnancy and Offspring Nonverbal IQ
Authors: Michiel A. van den Dries, Mònica Guxens, Suzanne Spaan, Kelly K. Ferguson, Elise Philips, Susana Santos, Vincent W.V. Jaddoe, Akhgar Ghassabian, Leonardo Trasande, Henning Tiemeier, Anjoeka Pronk
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2020)

Background: Prenatal exposures to phthalates and bisphenols are associated with impaired brain development in animals. However, epidemiological studies investigating the association between prenatal phthalate or bisphenol exposure and cognition have produced mixed findings and mostly had modest sample sizes and measured the exposure during the third trimester. Objective: We examined the association between pregnancy maternal urinary biomarkers of phthalate or bisphenol exposure and nonverbal intelligence quotient (IQ) in children 6 years of age. Method: The study sample consisted of 1,282 mother–child pairs participating in the Generation R Study, a population-based birth cohort in Rotterdam, Netherlands (enrollment 2002–2006). We measured maternal urinary concentrations of 18 phthalate metabolites and 8 bisphenols at <18, 18–25, and >25 wks of gestation. Child nonverbal IQ was measured at 6 years of age using the Snijders-Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Test–Revised. Linear regression models were fit for each of the three collection phases separately, the three collection phases jointly, and for the averaged prenatal exposure across pregnancy. Results: Higher urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites during early pregnancy were associated with lower child nonverbal IQ score [e.g., B per 10-fold increase in summed low-molecular weight phthalates=−1.7 (95% CI: −3.1, −0.3)]. This association remained unchanged when adjusted for mid and late pregnancy exposures. We also observed an inverse association between late pregnancy di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) exposure and nonverbal IQ. Maternal urinary concentrations of bisphenols were not associated with child nonverbal IQ. There was no effect estimate modification by sex. Conclusions: We did not observe that maternal biomarkers of bisphenol exposure are associated with nonverbal IQ. We found that phthalate exposure in early pregnancy and DNOP exposure in late pregnancy are associated with lower nonverbal IQ scores in children. Our results might suggest that particularly early pregnancy is a sensitive window of phthalate exposure, but future studies are needed to replicate our findings. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6047
Audio Interview: Dexamethasone and Covid-19
Authors: Eric J. Rubin, Lindsey R. Baden, Stephen Morrissey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Dexamethasone and Covid-19 In this audio interview conducted on July 22, 2020, the editors discuss a new study of dexamethasone and the implications of corticosteroid use in patients with Covid-19.
Cardiovascular health research, training, and capacity building for the eradication of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in our lifetime: the inaugural Bongani Mayosi Memorial Lecture
Authors: George A Mensah
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2020)

The Bongani Mayosi Memorial Lecture was established by the European Society of Cardiology and the World Heart Federation in 2019. It was created as a tribute to Professor Mayosi's tireless efforts to advance research, training, and capacity development to combat cardiovascular diseases in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Professor Mayosi was a visionary clinician-scientist and former dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Cape Town (figure). He was a fellow of the European Society of Cardiology and an active member of the World Heart Federation.
Association of Nonoperative Management Using Antibiotic Therapy vs Laparoscopic Appendectomy With Treatment Success and Disability Days in Children With Uncomplicated Appendicitis
Authors: Peter C. Minneci, Erinn M. Hade, Amy E. Lawrence, Yuri V. Sebastião, Jacqueline M. Saito, Grace Z. Mak, Christa Fox, Ronald B. Hirschl, Samir Gadepalli, Michael A. Helmrath, Jonathan E. Kohler, Charles M. Leys, Thomas T. Sato, Dave R. Lal, Matthew P. Landman, Rashmi Kabre, Mary E. Fallat, Jennifer N. Cooper, Katherine J. Deans
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Nonoperative management with antibiotics alone has the potential to treat uncomplicated pediatric appendicitis with fewer disability days than surgery.
High incidence of hand eczema in Danish schoolchildren following intensive hand hygiene during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a nationwide questionnaire study
Authors: A.B. Simonsen, I.F. Ruge, A.S. Quaade, J.D. Johansen, J.P. Thyssen, C. Zachariae
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

care with screening for associated diseases.A national clinical audit based on the audit standards set in the guidelines has just been completed and the results will help in further dissemination of the BAD recommendations.Several challenges remain, such as management of an acute flare and development of surgical options.
Annals Graphic Medicine - Progress Notes: Residency
Authors: Michael Natter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Web Exclusives21 July 2020Annals Graphic Medicine - Progress Notes: ResidencyFREEMichael Natter, MDMichael Natter, MDNYU School of Medicine, New York, New York (M.N.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/G20-0066 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Editors' Note: "Progress Notes" has given Annals readers the privilege of following Dr. Michael Natter's journey through internal medicine residency. We congratulate Dr. Natter as his professional journey takes him from residency to endocrinology fellowship. While we are certain we will continue to see Dr. Natter's inspiring graphic medicine work, the end of his residency unfortunately marks the end of this "Progress Notes" series. Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York (M.N.)Disclosures: The author has disclosed no conflicts of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=G19-0002.Author/Illustrator Information: Michael Natter, MD, is a current internal medicine resident at NYU School of Medicine and a graduate of Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia. His artwork is inspired by his medical training, patient encounters, and the human condition. A type 1 diabetic, Dr. Natter views himself as a patient as well as a doctor and plans to pursue a fellowship in endocrinology to help others who also share his disease. You can find more of his illustrations, stories, and comics on Instagram (www.instagram.com/mike.natter) and Twitter (@mike_natter).About Progress Notes: Progress Notes explores the everyday emotional, clinical, humorous, and ethical challenges of the medical residency training process. As implied by the title of the series, these pieces act as a visual bildungsroman, graphically dissecting the subtext of what it means to be a young doctor in today's medical world. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 July 2020Volume 173, Issue 2Page: W24-W26KeywordsConflicts of interestDisclosureEmotionsEndocrinologyFellowshipsGraduate medical educationResidency ePublished: 21 July 2020 Issue Published: 21 July 2020 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2020 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
PKM2 promotes Th17 cell differentiation and autoimmune inflammation by fine-tuning STAT3 activation
Authors: Luis Eduardo Alves Damasceno, Douglas Silva Prado, Flavio Protasio Veras, Miriam M. Fonseca, Juliana E. Toller-Kawahisa, Marcos Henrique Rosa, Gabriel Azevedo Públio, Timna Varela Martins, Fernando S. Ramalho, Ari Waisman, Fernando Queiroz Cunha, Thiago Mattar Cunha, José Carlos Alves-Filho
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)

Th17 cell differentiation and pathogenicity depend on metabolic reprogramming inducing shifts toward glycolysis. Here, we show that the pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a glycolytic enzyme required for cancer cell proliferation and tumor progression, is a key factor mediating Th17 cell differentiation and autoimmune inflammation. We found that PKM2 is highly expressed throughout the differentiation of Th17 cells in vitro and during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) development. Strikingly, PKM2 is not required for the metabolic reprogramming and proliferative capacity of Th17 cells. However, T cell-specific PKM2 deletion impairs Th17 cell differentiation and ameliorates symptoms of EAE by decreasing Th17 cell-mediated inflammation and demyelination. Mechanistically, PKM2 translocates into the nucleus and interacts with STAT3, enhancing its activation and thereby increasing Th17 cell differentiation. Thus, PKM2 acts as a critical nonmetabolic regulator that fine-tunes Th17 cell differentiation and function in autoimmune-mediated inflammation.