tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PATH-16. HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EPENDYMOMA VARIANTS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DISTINCT CLINICAL PARAMETERS AND DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS
Authors: Julia E Neumann, Michael Spohn, Denise Obrecht, Martin Mynarek, Christian Thomas, Martin Hasselblatt, Mario M Dorostkar, Annika K Wefers, Stephan Frank, Camelia-Maria Monoranu, Arend Koch, Hendrik Witt, Marcel Kool, Stefan Rutkowski, Markus Glatzel, Ulrich Schüller
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract According to the current WHO classification, ependymal tumors are classified as subependymomas, myxopapillary ependymomas, classic ependymomas, anaplastic ependymomas and RELA-fusion positive ependymoma (RELA-EPN). Among classic ependymomas, the WHO defines rare histological variants, i.e. the clear-cell, papillary, and tanycytic ependymoma. In parallel to this WHO classification scheme, DNA methylation patterns can distinguish nine distinct molecular ependymoma subgroups, some of which tightly overlap with certain histopathological subgroups, e.g. subependyomas or myxopapillary ependymomas. Since very little is known about the molecular background of histological classic ependymoma variants, we analyzed histomorphology, clinical parameters and global DNA methylation patterns of diagnosed tanycytic ependymomas (n=12), clear-cell ependymomas (n=14) and papillary ependymomas (n=19). Surprisingly, up to 42% of these variants did not match to ependymomas using a previously published DNA methylation-based classifier for brain tumors. Among the tumors with a match to one of the nine known ependymoma methylation classes, tanycytic ependymomas were predominantly located in the spine, but showed diverse molecular methylation patterns. Most clear-cell ependymomas showed a common histomorphology, were found supratentorially and fell into the methylation class of RELA-EPN. Papillary ependymomas showed a “papillary”, “trabecular” or “pseudo-papillary” growth pattern. Interestingly, a true papillary growth pattern was strongly associated with the molecular class B of posterior fossa ependymoma (PFB), but tumors displayed DNA methylation sites that were significantly different when compared to PFB ependymomas without papillary growth. Our results show that the diagnosis of classic histological ependymoma variants can be challenging. While clear-cell and papillary ependymomas harbor common molecular features, tanycytic ependymoma may not represent a molecularly distinct subgroup.
C/EBPβ Is Required for Survival of Ly6C- Monocytes after Committment to Monocyte Lineage through Upregulation of Csf1r
Authors: Akihiro Tamura, Hideyo Hirai, Asumi Yokota, Naoka Kamio, Atsushi Sato, Tsukimi Shoji, Takahiro Kashiwagi, Yusuke Torikoshi, Masaki Iwasa, Aya Fujishiro, Yasuo Miura, Taira Maekawa
Journal: Blood (2016)
Matt Morgan: We should encourage short service awards
Authors: Matt Morgan
Journal: BMJ (2019)

As I walk towards the sound of 1970s music, coloured disco lights spill out from the window. I clutch a quickly wrapped bottle of cold wine, snatched from the fridge as I left the house. But an early start the next day means that the only drinks I’ll be having tonight will contain caffeine rather than the alcohol that sustains the bad dancing.

As I enter the social club, a line of hungry people talk about the weather, football, and Brexit while balancing beige, pastry based snacks on unstable cardboard plates. A silver banner, too small for the …
TMIC-31. IMPACT OF IRON ON MACROPHAGE IMMUNE PHENOTYPE IN THE GLIOBLASTOMA TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT
Authors: Ganesh Shenoy, Achuthamangalam Madhankumar, Becky Slagle-Webb, Oliver Mrowczynski, Todd Schell, Darya Nesterova, Sang Lee, Dimitrios Davalos, Michael Berens, Justin Lathia, Jill Barnholtz-Sloan, Joshua Rubin, James Connor
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract The tumor microenvironment (TME) in glioblastoma presents a significant hurdle to effective immunotherapies as it consists of an immunosuppressive niche that results in inhibition of anti-tumor immunity. Macrophages comprise a large portion of the glioblastoma TME as they are prolific secretors of immunosuppressive cytokines and can comprise of up to 30% of tumor volume. In addition to their crucial role in immune function, macrophages are important players in iron regulation owing to their ability to efficiently sequester and release iron. We studied the impact of iron status in macrophage anti-tumor immune functions and phenotypic plasticity using RAW264.7 macrophages and bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Using RAW264.7 cells, we found that the iron status of macrophages impacts their immune function by modulating expression of the co-stimulation membrane proteins CD80 and CD86 as well as the mannose receptor CD206. Interestingly, the iron-mediated immunomodulation was dependent on the formulation of iron with nanoparticle formulations such as ferumoxytol (Fe-NP) upregulating CD80, CD86, and decreasing CD206 while ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) downregulated CD80, CD86 and upregulated CD206. We analyzed expression of inflammatory cytokines in BMDMs with multiplex cytokine analysis and found that both FAC and Fe-NP increased expression of the chemotactic signals CXCL10, CCL1, CCL3, and CCL4. Additionally, we found that iron status impacts the ability of macrophages to repolarize from an inflammatory, immune-activating phenotype into an immunosuppressive phenotype upon exposure to glioblastoma tumor-conditioned media. We used qRT-PCR to examine gene expression of the tumor immunity-related genes TNFa, IL1B, NOS2, and IL10 and found that iron loaded RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide resisted repolarization into an immunosuppressive phenotype 24 hours after exposure to glioblastoma tumor-conditioned media. Our results suggest that understanding the link between iron status and immune function in the tumor microenvironment may be an important step in improving therapies against glioblastoma.
The Blood Microbiome Predicts Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease after Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Lily Blair, Jonathan U. Peled, Paul A Giardina, John B. Slingerland, Ann E. Slingerland, Desiree Hollemon, Carine Ho, Sivan Bercovici, Asim Ahmed, David K Hong, Sergio A. Giralt, Ying Taur, Marcel R.M. van den Brink, Kate A Markey
Journal: Blood (2019)
Pembrolizumab in Combination with the Oncolytic Virus Pelareorep and Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Phase Ib Study
Authors: Devalingam Mahalingam, Grey A. Wilkinson, Kevin H. Eng, Paul Fields, Patrick Raber, Jennifer L. Moseley, Karol Cheetham, Matt Coffey, Gerard Nuovo, Pawel Kalinski, Bin Zhang, Sukeshi Patel Arora, Christos Fountzilas
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2019)

Pelareorep is an intravenously delivered oncolytic reovirus that can induce a T-cell-inflamed phenotype in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Tumor tissues from patients treated with pelareorep have shown reovirus replication, T-cell infiltration, and upregulation of PD-L1. We hypothesized that pelareorep in combination with pembrolizumab and chemotherapy in patients with PDAC would be safe and effective.A phase Ib single-arm study enrolled patients with PDAC who progressed after first-line treatment. Patients received pelareorep, pembrolizumab, and either 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, or irinotecan until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Study objectives included safety and dose-limiting toxicities, tumor response, evaluation for reovirus replication, and immune analysis in peripheral blood and tumor biopsies.Eleven patients were enrolled. Disease control was achieved in three of the 10 efficacy-evaluable patients. One patient achieved partial response for 17.4 months. Two additional patients achieved stable disease, lasting 9 and 4 months, respectively. Treatment was well tolerated, with mostly grade 1 or 2 treatment-related adverse events, including flu-like symptoms. Viral replication was observed in on-treatment tumor biopsies. T-cell receptor sequencing from peripheral blood revealed the creation of new T-cell clones during treatment. High peripheral clonality and changes in the expression of immune genes were observed in patients with clinical benefit.Pelareorep and pembrolizumab added to chemotherapy did not add significant toxicity and showed encouraging efficacy. Further evaluation of pelareorep and anti-PD-1 therapy is ongoing in follow-up studies. This research highlights the potential utility of several pretreatment and on-treatment biomarkers for pelareorep therapy warranting further investigation.
Engraftment of Donor Cells after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Comparison and Impact of Chimerism in Whole Blood and Peripheral CD3+ T-Cells
Authors: Yannick Le Bris, Berger Florian, Audrey Menard, Thierry Guillaume, Pierre Peterlin, Alice Garnier, Laurence Lode, Laetitia Aubert, Marie C Boursier, Véronique Chenais, Fabienne Perrault, Amandine Sebie, Philippe Moreau, Marie C Bene, Patrice Chevallier
Journal: Blood (2016)
EXTH-28. TARGETED POLYGIONS ENGINEERED WITH SURFACE miRNAs FOR COMBINED MULTIMODALITY IMAGING AND ENHANCEMENT OF TEMOZOLOMIDE TREATMENT: A NOVEL INTRANASALLY-DELIVERED THERANOSTIC STRATEGY AGAINST GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: Uday Sukumar, Rayhaneh Afjei, Tarik Massoud, Ramasamy Paulmurugan
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract INTRODUCTION We investigate intranasal targeted delivery of theranostic Polyfunctional Gold Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (PolyGIONs) surface loaded with therapeutic microRNAs to allow sensitizing of GBM cells to systemic temozolomide (TMZ), as well as multimodality molecular, anatomic and microscopic imaging. METHODS We synthesized PolyGIONs coated with b-cyclodextrin-chitosan hybrid polymer, loaded with miR-100 and antimiR-21, and decorated with PEG-T7 peptide. We characterized the PolyGIONs for microRNA loading efficiency, particle size, PDI, and charge using dynamic light scattering analysis; and for size and polymer functionalization using TEM. We studied PolyGIONs in GBM cells (U87MG and U373MG), and in nude mice orthotopically bearing GBMs after intranasal delivery, in combination with systemic TMZ. We also imaged mice bearing tumors using CT, MRI, bioluminescence, fluorescence, and by ex vivo microscopy. RESULTS The optimized PolyGIONs delivered to GBM cells showed efficient cellular uptake when imaged for intracellular Cy5-microRNAs, and therapeutic effects when investigated using MTT and FACS analysis. In a co-culture model of BMVEC (brain microvascular endothelial cells) and U87MG cells, we observed significant upregulation of p53 protein expression in U87MG cells after PolyGIONs treatment. The enhanced therapeutic potential of TMZ upon miR-100 and antimiR-21 sensitization by PolyGIONs was validated in both U87MG and U373MG cells. Mouse tumors revealed specific accumulation of PolyGIONs, and the highest upregulation of p53 expression within tumors of longest surviving mice, when co-treated with TMZ. Moreover, in vivo selective accumulation of PolyGIONs conjugated to T7 peptide within GBMs acted as a useful MRI and CT dual contrast agent, providing longitudinal multimodality imaging of PolyGION effects on GBMs. CONCLUSION Our preliminary results indicate the potential for targeting the p53 pathway in GBM using therapeutic miR-100 and antimiR-21 via intranasally delivered PolyGIONs, to enhance the chemotherapeutic effects of systemically delivered TMZ. PolyGIONs also allow simultaneous multimodality imaging to track cancer growth in response to treatment.
Real-World Evidence of the Use of Carfilzomib and Dexamethasone (Kd) By Lenalidomide-Refractory Status: An Interim Analysis from a Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Xavier Leleu, Jo Caers, Barbara Gamberi, Maaike Söhne, Sonja Heibl, Florence Suzan, Abeera Mohammad, Sally Wetten, Evangelos Terpos
Journal: Blood (2019)
Antibiotic therapy and outcome from immune-checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: David J. Pinato, Daria Gramenitskaya, Daniel M. Altmann, Rosemary J. Boyton, Benjamin H. Mullish, Julian R. Marchesi, Mark Bower
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2019)

Sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICPI) therapy is governed by a complex interplay of tumor and host-related determinants. Epidemiological studies have highlighted that exposure to antibiotic therapy influences the probability of response to ICPI and predict for shorter patient survival across malignancies. Whilst a number of studies have reproducibly documented the detrimental effect of broad-spectrum antibiotics, the immune-biologic mechanisms underlying the association with outcome are poorly understood. Perturbation of the gut microbiota, an increasingly well-characterized factor capable of influencing ICPI-mediated immune reconstitution, has been indicated as a putative mechanism to explain the adverse effects attributed to antibiotic exposure in the context of ICPI therapy. Prospective studies are required to validate antibiotic-mediated gut perturbations as a mechanism of ICPI refractoriness and guide the development of strategies to overcome this barrier to an effective delivery of anti-cancer immunotherapy.
DRES-08. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF HYPERMUTATION IN GLIOMAS
Authors: Mehdi Touat, Yvonne Li, Adam Boynton, Liam Spurr, Bryan Iorgulescu, Christina Birzu, Sangita Pal, Ruben Ferrer-Luna, Jack Geduldig, Charlotte Bellamy, Nadia Younan, Capucine Baldini, Maite Verreault, Erell Guillerm, Samy Ammari, Frederic Beuvon, Karima Mokhtari, Agusti Alentorn, Caroline Dehais, Caroline Houiller, Florence Laigle-Donadey, Eudocia Lee, Lakshmi Nayak, Alexandre Carpentier, Philippe Cornu, Bertrand mathon, Wenya Bi, Ennio Chiocca, Sanda Alexandrescu, Susan Chi, Daphne Haas-Kogan, Brian Alexander, Raymond Huang, Azra Ligon, Florence Coulet, Jean-Yves Delattre, Khe Hoang-Xuan, David Meredith, Sandro Santagata, Alex Duval, Marc Sanson, Andrew Cherniack, Patrick Wen, David Reardon, Aurelien Marabelle, Ahmed Idbaih, Rameen Beroukhim, Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Franck Bielle, Keith Ligon
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract BACKGROUND Hypermutation is an emerging biomarker for predicting response to immunotherapy in cancer patients, however its clinical value in gliomas is not established. We sought to assess the determinants of hypermutation in gliomas, and its value for predicting response to standard of care and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). METHODS We performed comprehensive genomic characterization of 2,420 clinically annotated gliomas. We assessed the clinical and molecular characteristics associated with hypermutation and relationships between hypermutation and response to cancer treatments. RESULTS Hypermutation occurred predominantly as an adaptive resistance mechanism to temozolomide in gliomas and was most prevalent in recurrent gliomas with MGMTpromoter methylation (33.8%), IDH1/2mutation (41.0%) or 1p/19q co-deletion (59.5%). Hypermutation was almost always associated with molecular defects in DNA mismatch repair (MMR), and was associated with shorter survival after its appearance based on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 1.91; 95% CI 1.24–2.94; P=0.004). The molecular mechanisms whereby gliomas undergo hypermutation during therapy with alkylating agents were dissected using patient-derived glioma models in vitro and in vivo. Outcomes of hypermutated gliomas treated with immune checkpoint blockade or with standard of care agents will be presented at the conference. CONCLUSIONS Using the largest set of hypermutated gliomas described to date, this study establishes that mutational burden and mutation signatures are clinically and biologically significant biomarkers that can be used to predict therapy response and guide treatment decisions in gliomas
Understanding the Association between Transfusion Status (TS) and Overall Survival (OS), and Other Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) from the Physicians' Perspective: A Pilot Survey
Authors: Shaloo Gupta, Zhiyi Li, Thomas Schroeder, Austin Kulasekararaj, Joana E. Matos, Alexandra Berk, Derek Tang, Jay Grisolano
Journal: Blood (2019)
DRES-07. TMZ-LEV- IFN COCKTAIL REGIMEN SIGNIFICANTLY INHIBITED THE GROWTH OF GLIOMA IN VIVO
Authors: Xiang-rong Ni, Jing Wang, Fu-rong Chen, Hai-ping Cai, Yan-jiao Yu, Qun-ying Yang, Chengcheng Guo, Zhong-ping Chen, Yue Qu
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract OBJECTIVE Temozolomide (TMZ), is the first line chemotherapeutic drug for glioma. Previous studies have suggested that interferon (IFN) and levetiracetam (LEV) could respectively reverse the resistance of TMZ by down-regulating MGMT expression. This study, we aim to investigate the therapeutic effect of a cocktail chemotherapy regimen combining TMZ, LEV, IFN in vivo. METHODS Glioma cell lines U251 and SKMG-4 (MGMT protein expression positive), U138 and GSC-1(MGMT protein expression negative) were used for producing xenograft tumors. The xenograft tumors were established by subcutaneously injecting 1×106 glioma cells into female BALB/C nude mice and divided into 5 treatment groups: Control, TMZ, TMZ+IFN, TMZ+LEV, TMZ+LEV+IFN. The treatment with TMZ (50 mg/kg, i.p.), IFN (2×105 IU, s.c.), LEV (150 mg/kg, i.p.) once a day for five consecutive days and xenograft tumors were measured every two days. RESULTS We identified that U138, U251, SKMG-4 tumor growth among TMZ, TMZ+IFN, TMZ+LEV, TMZ+LEV+IFN were all significantly inhibited (P&lt; 0.05), compared with the control. As for U251 and SKMG-4, tumor killing effect of all 4 treatment groups were not different (P &gt; 0.05). In the treatment of mice bearing U138 glioma, the tumor weight of TMZ+LEV+IFN (0.2688±0.1169 g) group was the lowest and significantly lower than that of TMZ+LEV (0.6574±0.08174g, P=0.0261), TMZ+IFN(0.6108±0.07317 g, P=0.0381), and TMZ (0.9054±0.07154 g, P=0.0017) group. Glioma stem cells GSC-1 was highly resistant to TMZ, tumor volume of TMZ group was not different from control group (P &gt;0.05). While compared with TMZ (1.993±0.1274 g) group, in TMZ+IFN (1.506±0.1223g, P=0.0203), TMZ+LEV (1.178±0.1807g, P=0.0042), and TMZ+LEV+IFN (1.049±0.2171 g, P=0.0038) groups, GSC-1 tumor growth were significantly inhibited(P&lt; 0.05). CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that both IFN and LEV can sensitize TMZ effect on glioma in vivo, even for MGMT(+) tumors, and TMZ-LEV-IFN cocktail regimen seems the best. Key words: glioma, TMZ, LEV, IFN
Activation of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RET) By GDNF/GFRα1 Improves Cord Blood-Derived HSC in Vitro expansion and In Vivo engraftment
Authors: William Grey, Rakhee Chauhan, Manuel Garcia-Albornoz, Hector Huerga Encabo, Neil McDonald, Dominique Bonnet
Journal: Blood (2019)
Low Pre-Treatment Hemoglobin and Creatinine Clearance Correlate with Worse Overall Survival, Treatment-Related Mortality, and Regimen-Related Toxicities in Patients Undergoing a Reduced-Intensity Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation with Fludarabine and Melphalan
Authors: Karen Sweiss, Gregory Sampang Calip, Jeremy Johnson, Jaime Holden, Paulina Lewkowski, Iryna Mialik, John P Galvin, Damiano Rondelli, Pritesh Patel
Journal: Blood (2019)
Reiter's Syndrome
Authors: A. Letchner
Journal: BMJ (1947)

Many Russians in my care during the war, even those who had been wounded before capture, awaited their return home with extreme terror.Why ?I agree that social security, whatever it may mean, has tended to reduce effort for the reasons advanced by Dr. Crichton-Miller.Many economists suggest that the economic basis for this social security is crumbling, so we may soon see the next phase developing.-Iam, etc.,
Inactivation of the AMPK–GATA3–ECHS1 Pathway Induces Fatty Acid Synthesis That Promotes Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Growth
Authors: Yuan-Yuan Qu, Rui Zhao, Hai-Liang Zhang, Qian Zhou, Fu-Jiang Xu, Xuan Zhang, Wen-Hao Xu, Ning Shao, Shu-Xian Zhou, Bo Dai, Yao Zhu, Guo-Hai Shi, Yi-Jun Shen, Yi-Ping Zhu, Cheng-Tao Han, Kun Chang, Yan Lin, Wei-Dong Zang, Wei Xu, Ding-Wei Ye, Shi-Min Zhao, Jian-Yuan Zhao
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract The tumorigenic role and underlying mechanisms of lipid accumulation, commonly observed in many cancers, remain insufficiently understood. In this study, we identified an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)–GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3)–enoyl-CoA hydratase short-chain 1 (ECHS1) pathway that induces lipid accumulation and promotes cell proliferation in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Decreased expression of ECHS1, which is responsible for inactivation of fatty acid (FA) oxidation and activation of de novo FA synthesis, positively associated with ccRCC progression and predicted poor patient survival. Mechanistically, ECHS1 downregulation induced FA and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) accumulation, which inhibited AMPK-promoted expression of GATA3, a transcriptional activator of ECHS1. BCAA accumulation induced activation of mTORC1 and de novo FA synthesis, and promoted cell proliferation. Furthermore, GATA3 expression phenocopied ECHS1 in predicting ccRCC progression and patient survival. The AMPK–GATA3–ECHS1 pathway may offer new therapeutic approaches and prognostic assessment for ccRCC in the clinic. Significance: These findings uncover molecular mechanisms underlying lipid accumulation in ccRCC, suggesting the AMPK–GATA3–ECHS1 pathway as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker.
Prevention and Management of Tumor Lysis Syndrome in Patients with CLL and Coexisting Conditions Treated with Venetoclax-Obinutuzumab or Chlorambucil-Obinutuzumab: Results from the Randomized CLL14 Trial
Authors: Othman Al-Sawaf, Anna-Maria Fink, Sandra Robrecht, Arijit Sinha, Maneesh Tandon, Barbara F. Eichhorst, Kirsten Fischer, Michael Hallek
Journal: Blood (2019)
A Phase Ia/Ib Study Exploring the Synthetic Lethality of the Orally Administered Novel BTK Inhibitor, Dtrmwxhs-12 (DTRM-12), in Combination with Everolimus and Pomalidomide in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory CLL, DLBCL or Other B-Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Anthony R. Mato, Stephen J Schuster, Francine M. Foss, Iris Isufi, Wei Ding, Danielle M. Brander, Andrea Sitlinger, Han W. Tun, Muhamad Alhaj Moustafa, Kaitlin Kennard, Cara M King, Amber Koehler, Casey Aitken, Wei He, Albert Kearney, Min Gui, Barry Douglas Anderson, Allison C. Rosenthal, Lindsey E. Roeker, Scott F. Huntington
Journal: Blood (2019)
The Wrong Drug That Led to the Right Diagnosis
Authors: Marco Bergonti, Emilio Assanelli, Piergiuseppe Agostoni
Journal: Circulation (2019)

ECG CHALLENGEAn 88-year-old woman with a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation on oral propafenone 150 mg 3 times daily was brought to the emergency department of our hospital with palpitations and asthenia that had started a few hours before.No other drugs were reported by the patient.She was agitated and diaphoretic.Examination revealed tachycardia (heart rate of 150 bpm); her blood pressure was 90/70 mmHg.Serum creatinine was 1.47 mg/dL (previous values were normal), serum sodium was 146 mmol/L, serum potassium was 4.53 mmol/L, arterial pH was 7.2, and serum lactate was 6 mEq/L.ECG was performed and evaluated by the cardiologist on duty (Figure 1).What does the ECG show, and how should this patient be managed?Please turn the page to read the diagnosis.
Myeloproliferative Neoplasm (MPN) Patient Online Questionnaire: Assessing Patients' Disease Knowledge in a Rare Hematologic Malignancy in the Modern Digital Information Era
Authors: Naveen Pemmaraju, Theresa Clementi, Wei Qiao, Susan K Peterson, Vicky Zoeller, Andrew J. Schorr, Srdan Verstovsek
Journal: Blood (2019)
From the authors
Authors: T. M. Maher, A. U. Wells, G. J. Laurent
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

We appreciate the comments of H.E. Collard and T.E. King on our article 1. The American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) consensus classification has been important in advancing clinical understanding of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias 2. In that document, the clinical entity of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) was proposed as a provisional term only. As we have argued, we believe that using histological appearances alone to define separate clinical entities is unhelpful 1. Different histological patterns may occur in the same …