tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A to Z of nutritional supplements: dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance—Part 32
Authors: S M Phillips, L Breen, M Watford, L M Burke, S J Stear, L M Castell
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2012)

The letter P brings together two of the most talked about supplement families: proteins, which have been perennially popular since the time of the ancient Olympians and prohormones, which will be dealt with in a later issue. Both supplement families include products which range from simple and relatively inexpensive, to exotic, expensive and emotively marketed. Part 32 also includes information on proline, a non-essential amino acid which is marketed for growth and repair of soft tissue based on its importance in the make-up of collagen.

### S M Phillips L Breen

Skeletal muscle protein turnover rates are ∼1%–2%/d and exist in dynamic, usually balanced, equilibrium between muscle protein breakdown (MPB) and muscle protein synthesis (MPS). For example, in the fasted state, MPB>MPS, whereas in response to ingestion of protein-containing meals, MPS>MPB.1 Thus, in healthy adults, muscle mass remains relatively stable due to ‘fed-gain’ being balanced by fasted-loss, so daily protein flux, while it may be 3–4 times greater than net intake and loss, is in tight balance. Fasted-state protein losses are typically about 40–60 g/d for a sedentary person weighing 70–90 kg and it is debatable what the losses would be in athletes, be they aerobically or resistance trained. Dietary protein for athletic populations can serve as signal and substrate for MPS, resulting in protein accretion for hypertrophy, repair of damaged proteins or assisting the maintenance of lean mass. There are important messages for athletes, who differ from sedentary individuals, in terms of quantity, timing and quality of protein intake in relation to an athlete's training stimulus. The molecular changes underpinning these adaptations are gene transcription and mRNA translational signalling and are highlighted in a review.2

The general consensus is that adults need no more than 0.8–0.9 g/kg/d of protein to meet their needs. However, the notion of consumption of ‘extra’ protein above these …
Impact of Incident Cancer on Short-Term Coronary Artery Disease–Related Healthcare Expenditures Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Ishveen Chopra, Malcolm D. Mattes, Patricia Findley, Xi Tan, Nilanjana Dwibedi, Usha Sambamoorthi
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2019)

Background: Healthcare spending for coronary artery disease (CAD)–related services is higher than for other chronic conditions. Diagnosis of incident cancer may impede management of CAD, thereby increasing the risk of CAD-related complications and associated healthcare expenditures. This study examined the relationship between incident cancer and CAD-related expenditures among elderly Medicare beneficiaries. Patients and Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted using the SEER-Medicare linked registries and a 5% noncancer random sample of Medicare beneficiaries. Elderly fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries with preexisting CAD and with incident breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer (N=12,095) or no cancer (N=34,237) were included. CAD-related healthcare expenditures comprised Medicare payments for inpatient, home healthcare, and outpatient services. Expenditures were measured every 120 days during the 1-year preindex and 1-year postindex periods. Adjusted relationship between incident cancer and expenditures was analyzed using the generalized linear mixed models. Results: Overall, CAD-related mean healthcare expenditures in the preindex period accounted for approximately 32.6% to 39.5% of total expenditures among women and 41.5% to 46.8% among men. All incident cancer groups had significantly higher CAD-related expenditures compared with noncancer groups ( P &lt;.0001). Men and women with colorectal cancer (CRC) had 166% and 153% higher expenditures, respectively, compared with their noncancer counterparts. Furthermore, men and women with CRC had 57% and 55% higher expenditures compared with those with prostate or breast cancer, respectively. Conclusions: CAD-related expenditures were higher for elderly Medicare beneficiaries with incident cancer, specifically for those with CRC. This warrants the need for effective programs and policies to reduce CAD-related expenditures. Close monitoring of patients with a cancer diagnosis and preexisting CAD may prevent CAD-related events and expenditures.
Abstract OT1-2-01: NSABP B-43: A phase III clinical trial to compare trastuzumab (T) given concurrently with radiation therapy (RT) to RT alone for women with HER2+ DCIS resected by lumpectomy (Lx)
Authors: MA Cobleigh, SJ Anderson, TB Julian, KP Siziopikou, DW Arthur, R Rabinovitch, P Zheng, EP Mamounas, N Wolmark
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: A significant amount of DCIS is ER negative and/or overexpresses HER2. This provides an opportunity to test molecular therapy in DCIS. In xenograft models and cell lines, T boosts RT effectiveness. In T-treated HER2+ patients, apoptosis occurs within 1 wk of single agent T use, with T found in ductal aspirates. Ample safety evidence for T exists. T given during whole breast irradiation (WBI) may improve results for lumpectomy (Lx) resected HER2+ DCIS. A trial to examine this question will enhance the understanding of breast tumor biology and the prevention of such tumors and could possibly extend breast-conserving surgery benefits for women with DCIS. Method: After Lx for pure DCIS, each patient's DCIS lesion is centrally tested for HER2 by IHC analysis. HER2 2+ tumors undergo FISH analysis. HER2 3+ or FISH+ patients can be randomly assigned to 2 doses of T, 3 weeks apart during WBI or to WBI alone. Women ≥18 yrs. with a margin-clear Lx for pure DCIS, with ECOG status 0/1 who are clinically or pathologically node negative are eligible. Centrally tested DCIS must be HER2 +. ER and/or PR status must be known before randomization. Primary aims are to determine if T decreases ipsilateral breast cancer recurrence, ipsilateral skin cancer recurrence, or ipsilateral DCIS. Secondary aims are to determine the benefit of T in preventing regional or distant recurrence and contralateral invasive breast cancer or DCIS. B-43 will determine if DFS, recurrence-free interval, and OS can be improved with the use of T. 2000 patients will be accrued over 7.9 yrs, with a definitive analysis of primary endpoints performed at163 ipsilateral breast cancer events (7.5–8 yrs. after protocol initiation) with an 80% power to detect a hazard reduction of 36%, from 1.73 ipsilateral breast cancer events per 100 pt-yrs to 1.11 events per 100 pt-yrs. The 36% observed reduction in the hazard of IIBCR-SCR-DCIS on the T arm is based on a projection of 40% hazard reduction if the compliance were perfect, with a 10% noncompliance rate. As of 5–31-12, 939 patients have been randomized. NCT00769379Grant support: PHS NCI-U10-CA-69651, -12027, and NCI P30-CA-14599 from the US NCI and Genentech, Inc. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr OT1-2-01.
Cyclin E1 Expression and Palbociclib Efficacy in Previously Treated Hormone Receptor–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Nicholas C. Turner, Yuan Liu, Zhou Zhu, Sherene Loi, Marco Colleoni, Sibylle Loibl, Angela DeMichele, Nadia Harbeck, Fabrice André, Mohamed Amine Bayar, Stefan Michiels, Zhe Zhang, Carla Giorgetti, Monica Arnedos, Cynthia Huang Bartlett, Massimo Cristofanilli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

A large-panel gene expression analysis was conducted to identify biomarkers associated with the effectiveness of adding palbociclib to fulvestrant.The PALOMA-3 ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01942135) trial randomly assigned 521 endocrine-pretreated patients with metastatic breast cancer to receive palbociclib plus fulvestrant or placebo plus fulvestrant. Primary analysis was first conducted on 10 genes on the basis of pathway biology and evidence from previous studies followed by a systematic panel-wide search among 2,534 cancer-related genes. The association of gene expression with the effect of palbociclib on progression-free survival (PFS) was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, with gene expression as a continuous variable or dichotomized by median. An independent breast cancer cohort from the Preoperative Palbociclib (POP) Clinical Trial ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02008734) was used for validation, in 61 patients with primary breast cancer treated with 2 weeks of palbociclib.In the PALOMA-3 trial, 302 patients had tumor tissue analyzed (palbociclib arm, 194 patients; placebo arm, 108 patients). Palbociclib efficacy was lower in patients with high versus low cyclin E1 (CCNE1) mRNA expression (median PFS: palbociclib arm, 7.6 v 14.1 months; placebo arm, 4.0 v 4.8 months, respectively; interaction P unadjusted = .00238; false discovery rate-adjusted P = .0238). CCNE1 mRNA was more predictive in metastatic than in archival primary biopsy tissue samples. No significant interaction was found between treatment and expression levels of CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1, and RB1. Palbociclib was efficacious in both luminal A and luminal B tumors. High CCNE1 mRNA expression was associated with poor antiproliferative activity of palbociclib in the POP trial (P = .005).Addition of palbociclib to fulvestrant demonstrated efficacy in all biomarker groups, although high CCNE1 mRNA expression was associated with relative resistance to palbociclib.
Predictors of Atrial Fibrillation After Conventional and Beating Heart Coronary Surgery
Authors: Raimondo Ascione, Massimo Caputo, Giliola Calori, Clinton T. Lloyd, Malcom J. Underwood, Gianni D. Angelini
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Atrial fibrillation (AF) increases the morbidity of CABG. The pathophysiology is uncertain, and its prevention remains suboptimal. This prospective, randomized study was designed to define the role of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and cardioplegic arrest in the pathogenesis of this complication. Methods and Results —Two hundred patients were prospectively randomized to (1) on-pump conventional surgery [(100 patients, 79 men, mean age 63 (40 to 77) years)] with normothermic CPB and cardioplegic arrest of the heart or (2) off-pump surgery [(100 patients, 82 men, mean age 63 (38 to 86) years)] on the beating heart. Heart rate and rhythm were continuously monitored with an automated arrhythmia detector during the first 72 hours after surgery. Thereafter, routine clinical observation was performed and continuous monitoring restarted in the case of arrhythmia. The association of perioperative factors with AF was investigated by univariate analysis. Significant variables were then included into a stepwise logistic regression model to ascertain their independent influence on the occurrence of AF. There were no significant baseline differences between groups. Thirty-nine patients in the on-pump group and 8 patients in the off-pump group had postoperative sustained AF ( P =0.001). Univariate analysis showed that CPB inclusive of cardioplegic arrest, postoperative inotropic support, intubation time, chest infection, and hospital length of stay were predictors of AF (all P &lt;0.05). However, stepwise multivariate regression analysis identified CPB inclusive of cardioplegic arrest as the only independent predictor of postoperative AF (OR 7.4; CI 3.4 to 17.9). Conclusions —CPB inclusive of cardioplegic arrest is the main independent predictor of postoperative AF in patients undergoing coronary revascularization.
P018 Anti-carbamylated protein antibodies as a clinical response predictor in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with abatacept
Authors: M Fredi, M Boldini, R Kumar, S Piantoni, I Cavazzana, E Garrafa, C Bazzani, A Tincani, F Franceschini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

<h3>Career situation of first and presenting author</h3> Student for a master or a PhD. <h3>Introduction</h3> The presence of anti-carbamylated protein antibodies (anti-CarP) has been detected in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).<sup>1</sup> Anti-CarP autoAbs target proteins that are modified through an irreversible post-translational modification named carbamylation. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this work was to assess whether anti-CarP antibodies can be used as a predictive factor of clinical response to abatacept. <h3>Methods</h3> Peripheral blood samples of selected patients were collected at the beginning of the therapy with abatacept (T0) and every six months for one year (T6 and T12). A home-made ELISA was applied to determine serum anti-CarP levels. Commercial anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (anti-CCP3) (Inova Diagnostic), Rheumatoid Factor (RF) (Siemens) and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) were also tested. <h3>Results</h3> Sixty RA patients (49 female (81.2%)), all caucasian, treated with abatacept were enrolled. Fifty-three (88.3%) and fifty-six (93.3%) patients were also treated with corticosteroids and synthetic DMARD respectively. At baseline anti-CarP antibodies were found in 18 (30%) patients; RF and anti-CCP were positive in 35 (58%) and 51 (85%) patients respectively. Comparing anti-CarP+ with anti-CarP- patients at T0, anti-CarP+ group resulted younger (p&lt;0.01) and with a longer disease duration (p&lt;0.05); hsCRP was higher in anti-CarP+ group (p&lt;0.05). Considering the entire cohort, a significant reduction of anti-CarP titre at T6 and T12 of treatment was shown (p&lt;0.0001) while anti-CCP and RF titre did not show any significant change. Thirteen out of 18 patients anti-CarP+ were available for analysis at T6 and in 6 cases turned anti-CarP-. A significant reduction of DAS28-CRP at T6 was found in the subgroup of anti-CarP+ pts in comparison with the negative ones (p=0.03). No significant results were found dividing the cohort using the positivity to anti-CCP and/or RF. Furthermore, stratifying groups of patients for the combination of biomarkers, any groups including anti-CarP+ resulted in a trend towards a higher DAS28 reduction compared with the combination of anti-CCP+ and RF+ and anti-CAP- ones. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The precocious onset and a longer disease duration in anti-CarP positive patients might suggest them as a specific risk factors for RA in this subgroup of patients. The link between the anti-CarP positivity at baseline and the higher reduction of disease activity during the first six months of treatment permitted us to hypothesize that anti-CarP antibodies, but not anti-CCP and/or RF, could be a predictive factor of a good clinical response to abatacept. <h3>Reference</h3> Shi J, <i>et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA</i> 2011;108(42):17372–7. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared.
Donor Cell Leukemia: The Role of Recipient Microenvironment
Authors: Shlomit Yehudai-Reshef, Barak Oron, Yoni Moskovitz, Tal Gabay, Anna Fridman-Dror, Rawan Sabah, Nathali Kaushansky, Tsila Zuckerman, Liran I. Shlush
Journal: Blood (2018)
Origins of growth deficiencies in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Trang N Le, Michael S Schechter
Journal: Thorax (2019)

The majority of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), primarily those with CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) class I, II or III mutations, have pancreatic insufficiency and protein/fat malabsorption requiring nutritional management and pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy.1 While the focus of CF treatment over the last 50 years has been on lung disease, the relationship between nutrition (as reflected by weight) and life expectancy in people with CF has long been appreciated. Infants who achieve a weight z-score at 2 years of age that is at or above their birth weight z-score have significantly better lung function at age 6,2 and low weight for age and weight for length during early childhood is a risk factor for early mortality.3 4 Implementation of CF newborn screening, along with high-calorie nutrition interventions and pancreatic enzyme replacement, has led to significantly improved growth parameters in children with CF over the last few decades.5 6 

Malabsorption, in combination with increased metabolic expenditures related to lung disease, is the most obvious cause of poor growth in CF. Nutritional interventions have been able to achieve a relative normalisation of weight but have been less successful at preventing or reversing stunting. Only 32% of children diagnosed by newborn screening in the Wisconsin Randomized Clinical Trial achieved target mid-parental height by puberty7; in 2012, the year of that analysis, 54% of children 2–19 years of age in the CF Foundation national registry were above the 50th percentile for body mass index.8 Infants participating in the Baby Observational and Nutritional Study showed an increase in their weight z-score, but a decrease in length z-score during their first year of life, and nearly twice as many (24%) were below the 10th percentile for length than were below the 10th percentile for weight (24%). It appears …
Kidney Ultrasound Findings in Sickle Cell Anemia According to Kidney Disease and the APOL1 G1/G2 Risk Variants
Authors: Sandra Kang, Rishi Patel, Ali Kord Valeshabad, Binal N. Shah, Rishabh Choudhari, Dallas De La Vara, Jin Han, Michel Gowhari, Shivi Jain, Robert E. Molokie, Karen Xie, James P. Lash, Victor R. Gordeuk, Santosh L. Saraf
Journal: Blood (2018)
Bent needle technique as a rescue for bile duct puncture in endoscopic ultrasonography-guided intrahepatic biliary drainage
Authors: Hirotoshi Ishiwatari, Tatsunori Satoh, Junya Sato, Shinya Fujie, Junichi Kaneko, Hiroyuki Matsubayashi, Hiroyuki Ono
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

A 75-year-old woman with an ampullary cancer was admitted to our hospital for jaundice due to the obstruction of a biliary metal stent, which was placed 10 months earlier. Subsequently, she also underwent the placement of a noncovered duodenal metal stent from the third to the second part of the duodenum 1 month prior to admission. Accordingly, the distal end of the biliary metal stent was covered by the duodenal metal stent.
Outcomes of Stratification to ASCT or Not Based on Depth of Response: Results of a Phase 2 Trial Assessing the Impact of Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) in Multiple Myeloma Patients with Deferred ASCT (PADIMAC)
Authors: Rakesh Popat, Ruth Mary De Tute, Nicholas Counsell, Dunnya De-Silva, Beth Phillips, James D Cavenagh, Toyin Adedayo, Nivette Braganza, Claire Roddie, Mathew Streetly, Stephen Schey, Mickey Koh, Josephine Crowe, Michael F. Quinn, Shirley D'Sa, Andres E. Virchis, Gordon Cook, Charles R Crawley, Guy Pratt, Mark Cook, Paul Smith, Laura Clifton-Hadley, Neil Rabin, Roger G Owen, Kwee Yong
Journal: Blood (2017)
Black grain mycetoma.
Authors: G. H. FINDLAY, H. F. VISMER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Journal Article Black grain mycetoma: A STUDY OF THE CHEMISTRY, FORMATION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE TISSUE GRAIN IN MADURELLA MYCETOMI INFECTION Get access G. H. FINDLAY, G. H. FINDLAY Section of Dermatology, University of Pretoria, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. F. VISMER H. F. VISMER Section of Dermatology, University of Pretoria, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 91, Issue 3, 1 September 1974, Pages 297–303, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb12899.x Published: 01 September 1974 Article history Accepted: 31 December 1973 Published: 01 September 1974
American Cancer Society guideline for the early detection of prostate cancer: update 1997
Authors: A. von Eschenbach, R. Ho, G. P. Murphy, M. Cunningham, N. Lins
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1997)

In summary, the 1997 revision of the ACS guideline for the early detection of prostate cancer is based on knowledge gained by a critical analysis of experience since the original version of 1992. This is only a milestone along a continuous journey rather than being the final destination. Other revisions will be considered when new knowledge becomes available, but for the present, this guideline is offered to health care professionals seeking to provide optimal care to asymptomatic men at risk for prostate cancer.
Offering Breakfast in the Classroom and Children’s Weight Outcomes
Authors: Erika R. Cheng, Aaron E. Carroll
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2019)

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