tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparative Effectiveness of Entecavir Versus Tenofovir for Preventing Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Shravan Dave, Sooyoung Park, M. Hassan Murad, Abbey Barnard, Larry Prokop, Leon A. Adams, Siddharth Singh, Rohit Loomba
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

Background and Aims Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While both tenofovir disoproxil (TDF) and entecavir (ETV) have been shown to reduce the risk of HCC, their comparative effectiveness is unclear. We estimated the comparative effectiveness of these two agents in reducing the risk of HCC in patients with CHB, through a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Approach and Results We searched multiple electronic databases from January 1, 1998, to October 31, 2019, for randomized controlled trials and observational comparative effectiveness studies in adults with CHB treated with ETV compared to TDF, reporting the incidence of HCC (minimum follow‐up 12 months). Primary outcome was incidence of HCC, calculated as incidence rate ratio (IRR) with 95% confidence interval (CI, unadjusted analysis) and hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI (adjusted analysis, where reported). Of 1,971 records identified, 14 studies (263,947 person‐years) were included for quantitative analysis. On unadjusted meta‐analysis of 14 studies, the risk of HCC was not statistically different between ETV and TDF (IRR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.99‐1.66). When using available adjusted data (multivariate or propensity‐matched data), the risk of HCC among patients treated with ETV was 27% higher when compared to TDF (seven studies; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.60, P = 0.04). Additional analysis of adjusted data when separately reported among patients with cirrhosis demonstrated an adjusted HR of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.66‐1.23), suggesting no difference between ETV‐treated and TDF‐treated groups. The overall confidence in estimates was very low (observational studies, high heterogeneity). Conclusions TDF may be associated with lower risk of HCC when compared to ETV.
Analysis of Ingredients of Supplements in the National Institutes of Health Supplement Database Marketed as Containing a Novel Alternative to Anabolic Steroids
Authors: Pieter A. Cohen, Joshua Sharfstein, Angélique Kamugisha, Céline Vanhee
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

for their chemical contents (excluding expedients, minerals, and plant species) according to previously described methods (eAppendix in the Supplement). 5Quantities were considered accurately labeled if they were within 20% of the labeled quantity.Data analysis was conducted with Excel 2016 (Microsoft Corp).The statistical prerequisite established was the determination of goodness of fit (ie, R 2 Ն 0.95) to conclude that linear calibration lines were fit for estimation purposes within the chosen concentration interval. ResultsA total of 6 supplements were categorized in the NIH database as containing 5-alpha-hydroxy-laxogenin; 4 (67%) were available for purchase (1 [17%] was out of stock; 1 [17%] was discontinued).In total, 16 ingredients, excluding expedients, minerals, and plant species, were declared on the 4 product labels.Compared with their actual chemical contents, no product was accurately labeled (Table ).Of the 16 ingredients, 6 (38%) were not detected in the supplements.Only 4 of 14 ingredients (29%) with quantities provided on the label were present in the specified amounts.Quantities detected ranged from less than 5% to 109% of what was listed on the label.Two products contained an ingredient not declared on the label.Only 1 product (25%) contained 5-alpha-hydroxy-laxogenin, an ingredient with purported anabolic effects in rats that, to our knowledge, has not been studied in humans.The supplements contained phenibut, an unapproved drug with abuse potential that is used in Russia to treat a variety
Four core properties of the human brain valuation system demonstrated in intracranial signals
Authors: Alizée Lopez-Persem, Julien Bastin, Mathilde Petton, Raphaëlle Abitbol, Katia Lehongre, Claude Adam, Vincent Navarro, Sylvain Rheims, Philippe Kahane, Philippe Domenech, Mathias Pessiglione
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2020)
No association of COVID-19 transmission with temperature or UV radiation in Chinese cities
Authors: Ye Yao, Jinhua Pan, Zhixi Liu, Xia Meng, Weidong Wang, Haidong Kan, Weibing Wang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, which was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has caused 80 904 confirmed cases as of 9 March 2020, with 28 673 cases being reported outside of China. It has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), has exhibited human-to-human transmissibility and has spread rapidly across countries [1]. Although the Chinese government has taken various measures to control city-to-city transmission ( e.g. shutting down cities, extending holidays) and many other countries have implemented measures (such as airport screening and testing patients who have reported symptoms), the number of cases is still increasing quickly throughout the world. There is no association of COVID-19 transmission with temperature or UV radiation in Chinese cities <https://bit.ly/2UWOl7I>
Reply to “COVID-19 can present with a rash and be mistaken for dengue”: Petechial rash in a patient with COVID-19 infection
Authors: Juan Jimenez-Cauhe, Daniel Ortega-Quijano, Marta Prieto-Barrios, Oscar M. Moreno-Arrones, Diego Fernandez-Nieto
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Parthenolide ameliorates colon inflammation through regulating Treg/Th17 balance in a gut microbiota-dependent manner
Authors: Yao-Jiang Liu, Bo Tang, Feng-Chao Wang, Li Tang, Yuan-Yuan Lei, Ya Luo, Sheng-Jie Huang, Min Yang, Ling-Yi Wu, Wei Wang, Shuang Liu, Shi-Ming Yang, Xiao-Yan Zhao
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a global health problem in which gut microbiota dysbiosis plays an important pathogenic role.However, the current drugs for IBD treatment are far from optimal.Previous researches indicated that parthenolide (PTL) had not only anti-cancer properties but also strong anti-inflammatory activities.Rationale: To investigate the protective effect of PTL on colon inflammation and demonstrate the underlying gut microbiota-dependent mechanism.Methods: Colon inflammation severity in mouse model was measured by body weight change, mortality, colon length, disease activity index (DAI) score, H&E staining and colonoscopy evaluation.Gut microbiota alteration and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production were analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing and targeted metabolomics.Luminex cytokine microarray and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were conducted to measure the colon cytokines profile.The frequency of immune cells in lamina propria (LP) and spleen were phenotyped by flow cytometry.Results: The PTL-treated mice showed significantly relieved colon inflammation, as evidenced by a reduction in body weight loss, survival rate, shortening of colon length, DAI score, histology score and colonoscopy score.Notably, when the gut microbiota was depleted using antibiotic cocktails, the protective effect of PTL on colon inflammation disappeared.PTL treatment downregulated the level of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17A and upregulated the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 in colon tissue.16S rRNA sequencing indicated that PTL-treated mice exhibited much more abundant gut microbial diversity and flora composition.Targeted metabolomics analysis manifested the increased SCFAs production in PTL-treated mice.Additionally, PTL administration selectively upregulated the frequency of colonic regulatory T (Treg) cells as well as downregulated the ratio of colonic T helper type 17 (Th17) cells, improving the Treg/Th17 balance to maintain intestinal homeostasis.Gut microbiota depletion and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed to confirm this gut microbiota-dependent mechanism.Conclusions: PTL ameliorated colon inflammation in a gut microbiota-dependent manner.The underlying protective mechanism was associated with the improved Treg/Th17 balance in intestinal mucosa mediated through the increased microbiota-derived SCFAs production.Collectively, our results demonstrated the role of PTL as a potential gut microbiota modulator to prevent and treat IBD.
Metal alginates for polyphenol delivery systems: Studies on crosslinking ions and easy-to-use patches for release of protective flavonoids in skin
Authors: João Silva, Pavlo Vanat, Dorinda Marques-da-Silva, Joaquim Rui Rodrigues, Ricardo Lagoa
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2020)

Incorporation of bioactive natural compounds like polyphenols is an attractive approach for enhanced functionalities of biomaterials. In particular flavonoids have important pharmacological activities, and controlled release systems may be instrumental to realize the full potential of these phytochemicals. Alginate presents interesting attributes for dermal and other biomaterial applications, and studies were carried here to support the development of polyphenol-loaded alginate systems. Studies of capillary viscosity indicated that ionic medium is an effective strategy to modulate the polyelectrolyte effect and viscosity properties of alginates. On gelation, considerable differences were observed between alginate gels produced with Ca
PACAP neuropeptide promotes Hepatocellular Protection via CREB-KLF4 dependent autophagy in mouse liver Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Zhengze Xue, Yu Zhang, Yuanxing Liu, Cheng Zhang, Xiu-da Shen, Feng Gao, Ronald W. Busuttil, Shusen Zheng, Jerzy W. Kupiec-Weglinski, Haofeng Ji
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Organ ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), associated with acute hepatocyte death, remains an unresolved problem in clinical orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Autophagy, an intracellular self-digesting progress, is responsible for cell reprograming required to regain post-stress homeostasis. Methods: Here, we analyzed the cytoprotective mechanism of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)-promoted hepatocellular autophagy in a clinically relevant mouse model of extended hepatic cold storage (4 °C UW solution for 20 h) followed by syngeneic OLT. Results: In contrast to 41.7% of liver graft failure by day 7 post-transplant in control group, PACAP treatment significantly improved graft survival (91.7% by day 14), and promoted autophagy-associated regeneration programs in OLT. In parallel in vitro studies, PACAP-enhanced autophagy ameliorated cellular damage (LDH/ALT levels), and diminished necrosis in H2O2-stressed primary hepatocytes. Interestingly, PACAP not only induced nuclear cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), but also triggered reprogramming factor Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) expression in IR-stressed OLT. Indeed, CREB inhibition attenuated hepatic autophagy and recreated hepatocellular injury in otherwise PACAP-protected livers. Furthermore, CREB inhibition suppressed PACAP-induced KLF4 expression, whereas KLF4 blockade abolished PACAP-promoted autophagy and neutralized PACAP-mediated hepatoprotection both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion: Current study documents the essential neural regulation of PACAP-promoted autophagy in hepatocellular homeostasis in OLT, which provides the emerging therapeutic principle to combat hepatic IRI in OLT.
COVID-19: Abnormal liver function tests
Authors: Qingxian Cai, Deliang Huang, Hong Yu, Zhibin Zhu, Zhang Xia, Yinan Su, Zhiwei Li, Guangde Zhou, Jizhou Gou, Jiuxin Qu, Yan Sun, Yingxia Liu, Qing He, Jun Chen, Lei Liu, Lin Xu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)

Recent data on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has begun to shine light on the impact of the disease on the liver. But no studies to date have systematically described liver test abnormalities in patients with COVID-19. We evaluated the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in patients with abnormal liver test results.Clinical records and laboratory results were obtained from 417 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to the only referral hospital in Shenzhen, China from January 11 to February 21, 2020 and followed up to March 7, 2020. Information on clinical features of patients with abnormal liver tests were collected for analysis.Of 417 patients with COVID-19, 318 (76.3%) had abnormal liver test results and 90 (21.5%) had liver injury during hospitalization. The presence of abnormal liver tests became more pronounced during hospitalization within 2 weeks, with 49 (23.4%), 31 (14.8%), 24 (11.5%) and 51 (24.4%) patients having alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels elevated to more than 3× the upper limit of normal, respectively. Patients with abnormal liver tests of hepatocellular type or mixed type at admission had higher odds of progressing to severe disease (odds ratios [ORs] 2.73; 95% CI 1.19-6.3, and 4.44, 95% CI 1.93-10.23, respectively). The use of lopinavir/ritonavir was also found to lead to increased odds of liver injury (OR from 4.44 to 5.03, both p <0.01).Patients with abnormal liver tests were at higher risk of progressing to severe disease. The detrimental effects on liver injury mainly related to certain medications used during hospitalization, which should be monitored and evaluated frequently.Data on liver tests in patients with COVID-19 are scarce. We observed a high prevalence of liver test abnormalities and liver injury in 417 patients with COVID-19 admitted to our referral center, and the prevalence increased substantially during hospitalization. The presence of abnormal liver tests and liver injury were associated with the progression to severe pneumonia. The detrimental effects on liver injury were related to certain medications used during hospitalization, which warrants frequent monitoring and evaluation for these patients.
Esophagogastric Junction Opening Parameters Are Consistently Abnormal in Untreated Achalasia
Authors: Katharine P. Rooney, Alexandra J. Baumann, Erica Donnan, Wenjun Kou, Joseph R. Triggs, Jacqueline Prescott, Alex Decorrevont, Emily Dorian, Peter J. Kahrilas, John E. Pandolfino, Dustin A. Carlson
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)
Kidney involvement in COVID-19 and rationale for extracorporeal therapies
Authors: Claudio Ronco, Thiago Reis
Journal: Nature Reviews Nephrology (2020)

The prevalence of direct kidney involvement in novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is low, but such involvement is a marker of multiple organ dysfunction and severe disease. Here, we explore potential pathways of kidney damage and discuss the rationale for extracorporeal support with various blood purification strategies in patients who are critically ill with COVID-19.
Merkel cell carcinoma of lymph nodes without a skin primary tumor: A potential metastatic neoplasia associated with a brisk immune response
Authors: Thibault Kervarrec, Julia Zaragoza, Pauline Gaboriaud, Patricia Berthon, Gaelle Fromont, Yannick Le Corre, Eva Hainaut-Wierzbicka, Francois Aubin, Guido Bens, Patrick Michenet, Hervé Maillard, Roland Houben, David Schrama, Agnes Caille, Antoine Touzé, Serge Guyétant, Mahtab Samimi
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
The pathogenesis and treatment of the `Cytokine Storm' in COVID-19
Authors: Qing Ye, Bili Wang, Jianhua Mao
Journal: Journal of Infection (2020)

Cytokine storm is an excessive immune response to external stimuli. The pathogenesis of the cytokine storm is complex. The disease progresses rapidly, and the mortality is high. Certain evidence shows that, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, the severe deterioration of some patients has been closely related to the cytokine storm in their bodies. This article reviews the occurrence mechanism and treatment strategies of the COVID-19 virus-induced inflammatory storm in attempt to provide valuable medication guidance for clinical treatment.
Platelet protein S limits venous but not arterial thrombosis propensity by controlling coagulation in the thrombus
Authors: Sara Calzavarini, Raja Prince-Eladnani, François Saller, Luca Bologna, Laurent Burnier, Anne C. Brisset, Claudia Quarroz, Maria Desiré Reina Caro, Vladimir Ermolayev, Yasuhiro Matsumura, José A. Fernández, Tilman M. Hackeng, John H. Griffin, Anne Angelillo-Scherrer
Journal: Blood (2020)
Noninvasive Young's modulus visualization of fibrosis progression and delineation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors using Harmonic Motion Elastography (HME) <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Alireza Nabavizadeh, Thomas Payen, Alina C. Iuga, Irina R. Sagalovskiy, Deborah Desrouilleres, Niloufar Saharkhiz, Carmine F. Palermo, Stephen A. Sastra, Paul E. Oberstein, Vilma Rosario, Michael D. Kluger, Beth A. Schrope, John A. Chabot, Kenneth P. Olive, Elisa E. Konofagou
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Background and aims: Poor specificity and predictive values of current cross-sectional radiological imaging methods in evaluation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) limit the clinical capability to accurately stage the tumor pre-operatively and provide optimal surgical treatment and improve patient outcomes. Methods: In this study, we applied Harmonic Motion Elastography (HME), a quantitative ultrasound-based imaging method to calculate Young's modulus (YM) in PDAC mouse models (n = 30) and human pancreatic resection specimens of PDAC (n=32). We compared the YM to the collagen assessment by Picrosirius red (PSR) stain on corresponding histologic sections. Results: HME is capable of differentiating between different levels of fibrosis in transgenic mice. In mice without pancreatic fibrosis, the measured YM was 4.2 ± 1.3 kPa, in fibrotic murine pancreata, YM was 5.5 ± 2.0 kPa and in murine PDAC tumors, YM was 11.3 ± 1.7 kPa. The corresponding PSR values were 2.0 ± 0.8 %, 9.8 ± 3.4 %, and 13.2 ± 1.2%, respectively. In addition, three regions within each human surgical PDAC specimen were assessed: tumor, which had both the highest Young's modulus (YM > 40 kPa) and collagen density (PSR > 40 %); non-neoplastic adjacent pancreas, which had the lowest Young's modulus (YM < 15 kPa) and collagen density (PSR < 10%) and a transitional peri-lesional region between the tumor and non-neoplastic pancreas with an intermediate value of measured Young's modulus (15 kPa < YM < 40 kPa) and collagen density (15% < PSR < 35 %). Conclusion: In conclusion, a non-invasive, quantitative imaging tool for detecting, staging and delineating PDAC tumor margins based on the change in collagen density was developed.
Phase 1 study of lenzilumab, a recombinant anti–human GM-CSF antibody, for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Mrinal M. Patnaik, David A. Sallman, Abhishek A. Mangaonkar, Rachel Heuer, Jeffery Hirvela, Darci Zblewski, Aref Al-Kali, Moritz Binder, Maria E. Balasis, Hannah Newman, Christopher Letson, Traci L. Kruer, Naseema Gangat, Rami S. Komrokji, Ayalew Tefferi, Adrian Lo, Ted Shih, Cameron Durrant, Alan F. List, Eric Padron
Journal: Blood (2020)
Survival risk score for real-life relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients receiving ibrutinib. A campus CLL study
Authors: Massimo Gentile, Fortunato Morabito, Giovanni Del Poeta, Francesca Romana Mauro, Gianluigi Reda, Paolo Sportoletti, Luca Laurenti, Marta Coscia, Yair Herishanu, Anna Grazia Recchia, Marzia Varettoni, Roberta Murru, Annalisa Chiarenza, Adalgisa Condoluci, Riccardo Moia, Daniela Pietrasanta, Giacomo Loseto, Ugo Consoli, Ilaria Scortechini, Francesca Maria Rossi, Antonella Zucchetto, Vincenzo Fraticelli, Ernesto Vigna, Cirino Botta, Giovanni Tripepi, Graziella D’ Arrigo, Angela Rago, Ilaria Angeletti, Annalisa Biagi, Ilaria Del Giudice, Riccardo Bomben, Gian Matteo Rigolin, Davide Rossi, Francesco Di Raimondo, Gianluca Gaidano, Aaron Polliack, Antonio Cuneo, Robin Foà, Valter Gattei
Journal: Leukemia (2020)
Rationalization is irrational and self-serving, but useful
Authors: Jake Quilty-Dunn
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2020)

Rationalization through reduction of cognitive dissonance does not have the function of representational exchange. Instead, cognitive dissonance is part of the "psychological immune system" (Gilbert 2006; Mandelbaum 2019) and functions to protect the self-concept against evidence of incompetence, immorality, and instability. The irrational forms of attitude change that protect the self-concept in dissonance reduction are useful primarily for maintaining motivation.
Venetoclax (Ven) with Azacitidine (Aza) for Untreated Elderly Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Patients (Pts) Unfit for Induction Chemotherapy: Single Center Clinical Experience and Mechanistic Insights from Correlative Studies
Authors: Daniel A. Pollyea, Brett M. Stevens, Amanda Winters, Mohd Minhajuddin, Jonathan A Gutman, Enkhtsetseg Purev, Clayton Smith, Diana Abbott, Craig T. Jordan
Journal: Blood (2017)
Regarding the dilemma of adjuvant therapy in postmenopausal patients with node-positive, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: are we better informed?
Authors: J A Roy, D de Valeriola, M Piccart
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1995.13.4.1044 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 7707102 Regarding the dilemma of adjuvant therapy in postmenopausal patients with node-positive, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: are we better informed? J A RoyxJ A RoySearch for articles by this author , D de ValeriolaxD de ValeriolaSearch for articles by this author , M PiccartxM PiccartSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1995.13.4.1044 PDF "Regarding the dilemma of adjuvant therapy in postmenopausal patients with node-positive, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: are we better informed?." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 13(4), pp. 1044–1045© 1995 by American Society of Clinical Oncology