tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gold clusters prevent breast cancer bone metastasis by suppressing tumor-induced osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Zhichao Zhang, Yawen Yao, Qing Yuan, Cao Lu, Xiangchun Zhang, Jinling Yuan, Kaixiao Hou, Chunyu Zhang, Zhongying Du, Xueyun Gao, Xiongsheng Chen
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Rationale: Bone is the most frequent site for breast cancer metastasis, which accounts for the leading cause of death in advanced breast cancer patients.Serious skeletal-related events (SREs) caused by bone metastasis have a decisive impact on the life expectancy of breast cancer patients, making breast cancer almost incurable.Metastatic breast cancer cell induced pathological osteoclastogenesis is a key driver of bone metastasis and osteolytic bone lesions.We previously reported that gold clusters can prevent inflammation induced osteoclastogenesis and osteolysis in vivo.In this study, we investigated the effects of a BSA-coated gold cluster on metastatic breast cancer-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and tumor-induced osteolysis in vivo, and elucidated its possible mechanism.Methods: Breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was used to evaluate the regulatory effects of gold clusters on breast cancer metastasis and tumor induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro.Cell counting kit-8, transwell, wound-healing and colony formation assays were performed to evaluate the effect of gold clusters on proliferation and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells.Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and filamentous-actin rings analysis were used to detect the regulatory effects of gold clusters on MDA-MB-231 cell-conditioned medium (MDA-MB-231 CM) triggered and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in mouse bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMMs).A mouse model of breast cancer bone metastasis was used to evaluate the in vivo activity of the gold cluster on the tumor induced osteolysis.Results: The gold clusters suppressed the migration, invasion and colony formation of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner in vitro.The gold clusters strongly inhibited both MDA-MB-231 CM triggered and RANKL-induced osteoclast formation from BMMs in vitro.Cell studies indicated that the gold clusters suppressed the expression of osteolysis-related factors in MDA-MB-231 cells and inhibited the subsequent activation of NF-κB pathway in BMMs.Treatment with the clusters at a dose of 10 mg Au/kg.bwsignificantly reduces the breast cancer cell induced osteolysis in vivo.Conclusion: Therefore, the gold clusters may offer new therapeutic agents for preventing breast cancer bone metastasis and secondary osteolysis to improve patient outcomes.
TCT- 529 Comparison of Peripheral Arterial Chronic Total Occlusion Crossing Strategies in the XLPAD Registry
Authors: Karan Sarode, Atif Mohammad, Seth Jelinek, Karthik D. Mekala, Avantika Banerjee, Swagata Das, Omar F. Hadidi, Purav Mody, Donald Williams, Andrew Klein, Osvaldo Gigliotti, Michael Luna, Tayo Addo, Anand Prasad, Emmanouil Brilakis, Subhash Banerjee
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
A neuroimaging biomarker for striatal dysfunction in schizophrenia
Authors: Ang Li, Andrew Zalesky, Weihua Yue, Oliver Howes, Hao Yan, Yong Liu, Lingzhong Fan, Kirstie J Whitaker, Kaibin Xu, Guangxiang Rao, Jin Li, Shu Liu, Meng Wang, Yuqing Sun, Ming Song, Peng Li, Jun Chen, Yunchun Chen, Huaning Wang, Wenming Liu, Zhigang Li, Yongfeng Yang, Hua Guo, Ping Wan, Luxian Lv, Lin Lu, Jun Yan, Yuqing Song, Huiling Wang, Hongxing Zhang, Huawang Wu, Yuping Ning, Yuhui Du, Yuqi Cheng, Jian Xu, Xiufeng Xu, Dai Zhang, Xiaoqun Wang, Tianzi Jiang, Bing Liu
Journal: Nature Medicine (2020)
DNA methylation disruption reshapes the hematopoietic differentiation landscape
Authors: Franco Izzo, Stanley C. Lee, Asaf Poran, Ronan Chaligne, Federico Gaiti, Baptiste Gross, Rekha R. Murali, Sunil D. Deochand, Chelston Ang, Philippa Wyndham Jones, Anna S. Nam, Kyu-Tae Kim, Steven Kothen-Hill, Rafael C. Schulman, Michelle Ki, Priscillia Lhoumaud, Jane A. Skok, Aaron D. Viny, Ross L. Levine, Ephraim Kenigsberg, Omar Abdel-Wahab, Dan A. Landau
Journal: Nature Genetics (2020)
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Community Testing Team in Scotland: A 14-day review, 6 to 20 February 2020
Authors: Kate Mark, Katie Steel, Janet Stevenson, Christine Evans, Duncan McCormick, Lorna Willocks, Alison McCallum, Laura Jones, Ingolfur Johannessen, Kate Templeton, Oliver Koch, Claire Mackintosh
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

In response to the outbreak of COVID-19, we set up a team to carry out sampling in the community. This enabled individuals to remain in self-isolation in their own homes and to prevent healthcare settings and services from being overwhelmed by admissions for sampling of suspected cases. There is evidence that this is a cost effective, safe and necessary service to complement COVID-19 testing in hospitals.
Long-Term Outcome of Incomplete Revascularization After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry
Authors: Kristina Hambraeus, Karin Jensevik, Bo Lagerqvist, Bertil Lindahl, Stefan James
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Long-Term Outcome of Incomplete Revascularization After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry
FREQUENCY AND PREDICTORS OF DRUG-ELUTING STENT USE IN SAPHENOUS VEIN BYPASS GRAFT PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS: A REPORT FROM THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY - NATIONAL CARDIOVASCULAR DATA REGISTRY
Authors: Emmanouil S. Brilakis, Tracy Y. Wang, Sunil V. Rao, Subhash Banerjee, David Dai, Chee T. Chin, Tina M. Harding, Matthew T. Roe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
A novel endoscopic hand-suturing technique for defect closure after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection: a pilot study
Authors: Seiichiro Abe, Yutaka Saito, Yusaku Tanaka, Mai Ego, Fumito Yanagisawa, Kazumasa Kawashima, Hiroyuki Takamaru, Masau Sekiguchi, Masayoshi Yamada, Taku Sakamoto, Takahisa Matsuda, Osamu Goto, Naohisa Yahagi
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Abstract Background This study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of endoscopic hand-suturing (EHS) and attainability of sustained closure after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Methods EHS was defined as uninterrupted endoscopic suturing of the mucosal defect after colorectal ESD using an absorbable barbed suture and a through-the-scope needle holder. Following individual EHS training using an ex vivo porcine colonic model, two experienced endoscopists performed EHS. Repeat colonoscopy was performed on the third or fourth day after ESD to examine the EHS site. The primary end point was the complete EHS closure rate, and secondary end points were sustained closure and post-ESD bleeding rates. Results 11 lesions were included. Median size of the mucosal defect was 38 mm (range 25 – 55 mm) and the lesion characteristics were as follows: lower rectum/upper rectum/ascending colon/cecum = 3/3/2/3, and 0-IIa/0-Is + IIa/others = 5/4/2. EHS was not attempted in two patients owing to difficulty in colonoscope reinsertion after ESD and intraoperative perforation, respectively. EHS was performed for nine lesions, and the complete EHS closure rate was 73 %. Median procedure time for suturing was 56 minutes (range 30 – 120 minutes) and median number of stitches was 8 (range 6 – 12). Sustained closure and post-ESD bleeding rates were 64 % and 9 %, respectively. Conclusions EHS achieved complete and sustained closure in the colorectum. However, EHS is not currently clinically applicable given the long procedure time. Further modifications of the technique and devices are desirable.
miR-128 plays a critical role in murine osteoclastogenesis and estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss
Authors: Gengyang Shen, Hui Ren, Qi Shang, Zhida Zhang, Wenhua Zhao, Xiang Yu, Jingjing Tang, Zhidong Yang, De Liang, Xiaobing Jiang
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a severe health issue faced by postmenopausal women.microRNA-128 (miR-128) is associated with aging, inflammatory signaling, and inflammatory diseases, such as PMOP.It has also been reported to modulate in vitro osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation.However, its function in osteoclast formation is unknown.Methods: First, the expression of miR-128 and nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (Nfatc1, bone resorption master marker) was investigated in bone tissues derived from PMOP patients, while their correlation to each other was also investigated.The levels of miR-128 and Nfatc1 in bone specimens and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) from mice subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) were also assayed.Next, we employed mice BMMs modified for overexpression and inhibition of miR-128 levels to determine its effect on osteoclast differentiation.Moreover, we generated osteoclastic miR-128 conditional knockout (miR-128 Oc-/-) mice and isolated miR-128 deletion-BMMs to observe its biological function on bone phenotype and osteoclastogenesis in vivo, respectively.The miR-128 Oc-/-BMMs were used to explore the downstream regulatory mechanisms using pull-down, luciferase reporter, and western-blotting assays.Finally, the impact of miR-128 deficiency on OVX-induced bone loss in mice was evaluated. Results:The miR-128 level was found to be positively correlated with the increase in Nfatc1 level in mouse/human bone specimens and mouse primary BMMs.In vitro experiments demonstrated miR-128 levels that were dependent on activity of osteoclast differentiation and miR-128 overexpression or inhibition in BMMs significantly increased or decreased osteoclastogenesis, respectively.In vivo, we revealed that osteoclastic miR-128 deletion remarkedly increased bone mass through the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis.Mechanistically, we identified sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) as the direct target of miR-128 at the post-transcriptional level during osteoclast differentiation.Increased levels of SIRT1 reduced nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activity by decreasing the level of acetylation of Lysine 310, as well as inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnf-α) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) expressions.Lastly, osteoclastic deletion of miR-128 significantly suppressed OVX-triggered osteoclastogenesis and exerted a protective effect against bone loss in mice.Conclusions: Our findings reveal a critical mechanism for osteoclastogenesis that is mediated by the miR-128/SIRT1/NF-κB signaling axis, highlighting a possible avenue for the further exploration of diagnostic and therapeutic target molecules in PMOP.
Deviations from normal bedtimes are associated with short-term increases in resting heart rate
Authors: Louis Faust, Keith Feldman, Stephen M. Mattingly, David Hachen, Nitesh V. Chawla
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2020)

Abstract Despite proper sleep hygiene being critical to our health, guidelines for improving sleep habits often focus on only a single component, namely, sleep duration. Recent works, however, have brought to light the importance of another aspect of sleep: bedtime regularity, given its ties to cognitive and metabolic health outcomes. To further our understanding of this often-neglected component of sleep, the objective of this work was to investigate the association between bedtime regularity and resting heart rate (RHR): an important biomarker for cardiovascular health. Utilizing Fitbit Charge HRs to measure bedtimes, sleep and RHR, 255,736 nights of data were collected from a cohort of 557 college students. We observed that going to bed even 30 minutes later than one’s normal bedtime was associated with a significantly higher RHR throughout sleep (Coeff +0.18; 95% CI: +0.11, +0.26 bpm), persisting into the following day and converging with one’s normal RHR in the early evening. Bedtimes of at least 1 hour earlier were also associated with significantly higher RHRs throughout sleep; however, they converged with one’s normal rate by the end of the sleep session, not extending into the following day. These observations stress the importance of maintaining proper sleep habits, beyond sleep duration, as high variability in bedtimes may be detrimental to one’s cardiovascular health.
TCT-564 Effect of Intravascular Ultrasound–Guided vs. Angiography-Guided New-Generation Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation; Meta-analysis with Individual Patient-Level Data from 2,345 Randomized Patients
Authors: Dong-Ho Shin, Sung-Jin Hong, Gary Mintz, Jung-Sun Kim, Byeong-Keuk Kim, Young-Guk Ko, donghoon choi, Yangsoo Jang, Myeong-Ki Hong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Having a Sexual Photo Shared Without Permission and Associated Health Risks
Authors: Sanjana Pampati, Richard Lowry, Megan A. Moreno, Catherine N. Rasberry, Riley J. Steiner
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

This study examines the prevalence of adolescents who have had sexual photos shared without permission, including variation by demographics, and associations with interpersonal violence experiences, mental health and suicidality, and sexual risk behaviors.
Neonatal Early-Onset Infection With SARS-CoV-2 in 33 Neonates Born to Mothers With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China
Authors: Lingkong Zeng, Shiwen Xia, Wenhao Yuan, Kai Yan, Feifan Xiao, Jianbo Shao, Wenhao Zhou
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

David Baud, MD, PhD; Gilbert Greub, MD, PhD; Guillaume Favre, MD; Carole Gengler, MD; Katia Jaton, PhD; Estelle Dubruc, MD; Léo Pomar, MSc
Ethical Drug Development for Rare Childhood Diseases: When There Are Limited But Promising Data in Adults, How to Choose Between Safety or Efficacy Studies?
Authors: Liza-Marie Johnson, Devan M. Duenas, Benjamin S. Wilfond
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2020)

The pathway for conducting clinical research for FDA approval of drugs for rare pediatric diseases is complicated. The traditional pathway begins with phase I (safety), followed by phase II studies...
COMPLETE VERSUS CULPRIT VESSEL ONLY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN ST SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND MULTI-VESSEL DISEASE-AN UPDATED META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED TRIALS
Authors: Muhammad Khalid, Abdul Ahad Khan, Ghulam Murtaza, Jayant Bagai, Madhan Shanmugasundaram, Timir K. Paul
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Might β3-adrenergic receptor agonists be useful in disorders of glucose homeostasis?
Authors: Jeffrey S. Flier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

Brown and beige adipose tissues contain thermogenic fat cells that can be activated by β3-adrenergic receptor agonists. In rodents, such drugs both diminish obesity and improve glucose homeostasis. In this issue of the JCI, O'Mara et al. and Finlin and Memetimin et al. report that chronic administration of the approved β3 agonist mirabegron to human subjects was without effect on body weight or fat mass, but improved several measures of glucose homeostasis. Though the mechanisms mediating these metabolic effects are uncertain, the data suggest that β3 agonists could have therapeutic utility in disorders of glucose homeostasis.
TCT-173 Safety and Clinical Performance of the Drug Eluting Osiro Stent in the Treatment of Subjects With Single De Novo Coronary Artery Lesions-II (BIOFLOW-II)
Authors: Stephan Windecker, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Karl Stangl, Ton Slagboom, Franz-Josef Neumann, Thierry Lefevre, Rafael Ruiz-Salmeron, Manel Sabate, Cristophe Piot, Gert Richardt, Béla Merkely, Goicolea J, Johannes Bilger, Henrik Schneider, Paul Barragan, Stéphane Cook, Paul Erne, Ron Waksman, Michael Haude
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
ncHMR detector: a computational framework to systematically reveal non-classical functions of histone modification regulators
Authors: Shengen Hu, Dawei Huo, Zhaowei Yu, Yujie Chen, Jing Liu, Lin Liu, Xudong Wu, Yong Zhang
Journal: Genome biology (2020)

Abstract Recently, several non-classical functions of histone modification regulators (HMRs), independent of their known histone modification substrates and products, have been reported to be essential for specific cellular processes. However, there is no framework designed for identifying such functions systematically. Here, we develop ncHMR detector, the first computational framework to predict non-classical functions and cofactors of a given HMR, based on ChIP-seq data mining. We apply ncHMR detector in ChIP-seq data-rich cell types and predict non-classical functions of HMRs. Finally, we experimentally reveal that the predicted non-classical function of CBX7 is biologically significant for the maintenance of pluripotency.
Medical Exemption From Disconnection of Utilities in Connecticut
Authors: Peter A. Kahn, Krishna R. Daggula, Wei Teng, Richard C. Hintz, Gretchen Berland
Journal: JAMA (2020)

This study uses data from the Connecticut Public Utilities Regulatory Authority to describe trends in medical exemptions from utility disconnection and characteristics and health care use of adults applying for such exemptions at a Yale New Haven Hospital care practice between 2011 and 2017.
TCTAP A-064 Determinants and Prognostic Significance of Periprocedural Myocardial Injury in Patients with Successful Percutaneous Chronic Total Occlusion Interventions
Authors: Pil Hyung Lee, Seung-Jung Park, Seong-Wook Park, Cheol Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Seung-Whan Lee, Duk-Woo Park, Soo-Jin Kang, Jung-Min Ahn, Se Hun Kang, Cheol Hyun Lee, Min Soo Cho, Jae Seok Bae, Yu Na Kim, Sung Han Yoon, Do-Yoon Kang, Mineok Chang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Abstract 14425: Deep Neural Networks Can Predict 1-Year Mortality Directly From ECG Signal, Even When Clinically Interpreted as Normal
Authors: Sushravya M Raghunath, Alvaro Ulloa Cerna, Linyuan Jing, David vanMaanen, Joshua V Stough, Dustin Hartzel, Joseph Leader, H Lester Kirchner, Christopher Good, Aalpen Patel, Brian P Delisle, Amro Alsaid, Dominik Beer, Christopher M Haggerty, Brandon K Fornwalt
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is a widely-used medical test with significant prognostic potential. We hypothesized that a deep neural network can predict an important future clini...
Prevention of endpoints in primary biliary cholangitis with ursodeoxycholic acid: quantifying the benefit
Authors: Jörn M Schattenberg
Journal: Gut (2020)

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a hydrophilic bile acid with an established benefit for patients suffering from primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). It was first introduced in the 60s and took until the late 90s to demonstrate a survival benefit in large meta-cohort studies.1 Since then, UDCA is the established first-line therapy according to current guidelines.2 The benefit of UDCA is multidimensional, and patients receiving UDCA experience increased transplant-free survival, a decreased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and potentially improved quality of life.3–5 The survival benefit is predicted by a number biochemical markers that reflect cholestasis and that are accepted surrogates of the treatment response—a fact that has accelerated drug development and approval. Interestingly, even patients who are considered incomplete responders to UDCA—characterised by persistently elevated alkaline phosphates levels (ALPs) or abnormal bilirubin—a survival benefit compared with patients that are not on UDCA can be detected.4 The mechanism by which UDCA mediates these effects are numerous and involve: (1) protection of chonlangiocytes from cytotoxic hydrophobic bile acids, (2) increased hepatobiliary secretion of bile components and (3) protection of hepatocytes from bile acid-induced apoptosis. UDCA enrichment in the bile is linear to the administered dose and thus a sufficient dose—typically ranging between 13 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg bodyweight—is required to achieve therapeutic efficacy. The safety profile of UDCA is positive with only few patients experiencing dyspepsia, lose stools or mild diarrhoea. Therefore, all patients diagnosed with PBC according to current criteria should be started on UDCA as primary treatment immediately.

More recently, second-line therapies—including bezafibrate and the steroidal FXR-agonist obeticholic acid (OCA)—have been trialled in …
The role of CT in case ascertainment and management of COVID-19 pneumonia in the UK: insights from high-incidence regions
Authors: Felix Chua, Darius Armstrong-James, Sujal R Desai, Joseph Barnett, Vasileios Kouranos, Onn Min Kon, Ricardo José, Rama Vancheeswaran, Michael R Loebinger, Joyce Wong, Maria Teresa Cutino-Moguel, Cliff Morgan, Stephane Ledot, Boris Lams, Wing Ho Yip, Leski Li, Ying Cheong Lee, Adrian Draper, Sze Shyang Kho, Elisabetta Renzoni, Katie Ward, Jimstan Periselneris, Sisa Grubnic, Marc Lipman, Athol U Wells, Anand Devaraj
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2020)
RELATION BETWEEN BIORESORBABLE SCAFFOLD SIZING USING QCA-DMAX AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES AT 2 YEARS IN 1192 PATIENTS FROM THREE STUDY COHORTS (ABSORB COHORT B, ABSORB EXTEND AND ABSORB II)
Authors: Yoshinobu Onuma, Yohei Sotomi, Pannipa Suwannasom, Antonio Bartorelli, Robert Whitbourn, Bernard Chevalier, Alexandre Abizaid, John Ormiston, Richard Rapoza, Susan Veldhof, Patrick Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Aristolochic acid mutational signature defines the low-risk subtype in upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Huan Lu, Yuan Liang, Bao Guan, Yue Shi, Yanqing Gong, Juan Li, Wenwen Kong, Jin Liu, Dong Fang, Libo Liu, Qun He, Muhammad Shakeel, Xuesong Li, Liqun Zhou, Weimin Ci
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Rationale: Dietary exposure to aristolochic acids and similar compounds (collectively, AA) is a significant risk factor for nephropathy and subsequent upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).East Asian populations, who have a high prevalence of UTUC, have an unusual genome-wide AA-induced mutational pattern (COSMIC signature 22).Integrating mutational signature analysis with clinicopathological information may demonstrate great potential for risk ranking this UTUC subtype.Methods: We performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on 90 UTUC Chinese patients to extract mutational signatures.Genome sequencing data for urinary cell-free DNA from 26 UTUC patients were utilized to noninvasively identify the mutational signatures.Genome sequencing for primary tumors on 8 out of 26 patients was also performed.Metastasis-free survival (MFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were measured using Kaplan-Meier methods.Results: Data analysis showed that a substantial proportion of patients harbored the AA mutational signature and were associated with AA-containing herbal drug intake, female gender, poor renal function, and multifocality.Field cancerization was found to partially contribute to multifocality.Nevertheless, AA Sig subtype UTUC patients exhibited favorable outcomes of CSS and MFS compared to the No-AA Sig subtype.Additionally, AA Sig subtype patients showed a higher tumor mutation burden, higher numbers of predicted neoantigens, and infiltrating lymphocytes, suggesting the potential for immunotherapy.We also confirmed the AA signature in AA-treated human renal tubular HK-2 cells.Notably, the AA subtype could be ascertained using a clinically applicable sequencing strategy (low coverage) in both primary tumors and urinary cell-free DNA as a basis for therapy selection. Conclusion:The AA mutational signature as a screening tool defines low-risk UTUC with therapeutic relevance.The AA mutational signature, as a molecular prognostic marker using either ureteroscopy and/or urinary cell-free DNA, is especially useful for diagnostic uncertainty when kidney-sparing treatment and/or immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy were considered.
Clinical trials suspended in UK to prioritise covid-19 studies and free up staff
Authors: Jacqui Thornton
Journal: BMJ (2020)

care, the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) has said.Louise Wood, co-lead for the NIHR, said setting up of new Clinical Research Network (CRN) studies or new sites of ongoing studies would be "paused" so complete focus could be given to delivering research into covid-19.