tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 20233: Does Evidence Influence Practice in the Real World? Secular Trends in Indication for PCI and Use of Drug-Eluting vs. Bare-Metal Stents From 2006-2012
Authors: Elizabeth B Pathak, Jason L Salemi, Amit P Pathak
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: In this study, we examined the real-world impact of research evidence on the use of and indications for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (before and after COURAGE Trial publication) and the choice of drug eluting stents (DES) vs. bare metal stents (BMS) (before and after FDA warnings about risk of DES thrombosis). Methods: We used hospital discharge data from Florida to calculate the distribution of primary indication for PCI and the % of PCI patients who received DES, BMS, or no stent on a quarterly basis from Jan 2006 - Jun 2012. We plotted stent trends separately for patients with principal diagnosis of STEMI (n=66,054), NSTEMI/ICS (n=140,886), and stable CHD (n=117,307). Results: Since 2006, the % of PCIs with a primary indication of either STEMI or NSTEMI has steadily increased, while the % with an indication of stable CHD declined from 45% to 28%. In early 2006, DES were used in 86.9% of NSTEMI patients, 87.5% of stable CHD patients, and 81.4% of STEMI patients. DES use first declined in all diagnosis groups in Q3 2006, coinciding with the release of meta-analysis results showing higher risk of late stent thrombosis for DES vs. BMS. The lowest rate of DES usage was reached in Q1 2008 (45% for STEMI, 63% for NSTEMI, 67% for stable CHD). However, by Q2 2012, DES use had increased to 60% in STEMI cases, 75% in NSTEMI cases, and 76% in stable CHD cases. The percent of PCI patients who received no stent has remained stable at &lt; 9% since 2006, regardless of diagnosis. Conclusions: The COURAGE Trial showed no benefit of PCI over medical treatment in stable coronary heart disease (CHD). From 2006-2012, the proportion of PCIs with an indication of stable CHD declined from 45% to 28%, indicating a real-world response to evidence. Similarly, following controversy about long-term effects of DES, off-label use, and patient compliance with thienopyridines which began in late 2006, there was an immediate resurgence in use of BMS, especially for STEMI. However, the proportion of patients receiving DES has steadily increased since early 2008, regardless of primary indication. More research on the influence of provider and hospital characteristics on response to evidence is needed.
Doctors’ leaders join MPs to demand transparency in migrant health policies
Authors: Harriet Pike
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Senior doctors, politicians, and academics have joined forces to demand that the government improves transparency around its policies on charging migrants for healthcare.

The heads of the Academy of Royal Medical Colleges, the Faculty of Public Health, and several medical royal colleges, as well as a number of Labour and Green Party MPs, have written to the secretary of state for health and social care calling for charges for migrant patients to be suspended, pending an independent review of their effect and the immediate publication of evaluation work already conducted.

In 2017, the government introduced new measures …
Genome-Wide Association Study of Susceptibility Loci for T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children
Authors: Maoxiang Qian, Xujie Zhao, Meenakshi Devidas, Wenjian Yang, Yoshihiro Gocho, Colton Smith, Julie M Gastier-Foster, Yizhen Li, Heng Xu, Shouyue Zhang, Sima Jeha, Xiaowen Zhai, Takaomi Sanda, Stuart S Winter, Kimberly P Dunsmore, Elizabeth A Raetz, William L Carroll, Naomi J Winick, Karen R Rabin, Patrick A Zweidler-Mckay, Brent Wood, Ching-Hon Pui, William E Evans, Stephen P Hunger, Charles G Mullighan, Mary V Relling, Mignon L Loh, Jun J Yang
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2019)

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer in children and can arise in B or T lymphoid lineages. Although risk loci have been identified for B-ALL, the inherited basis of T-ALL is mostly unknown, with a particular paucity of genome-wide investigation of susceptibility variants in large patient cohorts.
Polatuzumab vedotin or pinatuzumab vedotin plus rituximab in patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma: final results from a phase 2 randomised study (ROMULUS)
Authors: Franck Morschhauser, Ian W Flinn, Ranjana Advani, Laurie H Sehn, Catherine Diefenbach, Kathryn Kolibaba, Oliver W Press, Gilles Salles, Hervé Tilly, Andy I Chen, Sarit Assouline, Bruce D Cheson, Martin Dreyling, Anton Hagenbeek, Pier Luigi Zinzani, Surai Jones, Ji Cheng, Dan Lu, Elicia Penuel, Jamie Hirata, Michael Wenger, Yu-Waye Chu, Jeff Sharman
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2019)
Hibernoma Demonstrated on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT
Authors: Hannah Woodford, Ken Le, Chuong Bui, Robert Mansberg
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

A 60-year-old woman with recently diagnosed neuroendocrine tumors underwent staging Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, which revealed focal uptake within the right sacral ala. Histopathology of the right sacral ala confirmed hibernoma. This case illustrates that hibernoma can be a cause of false-positive intraosseous accumulation of Ga-DOTATATE.
An Adult Woman With Stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease and a Diffuse Rash
Authors: Seyed Hossein Aalaei-Andabili, Muhammad Umer, Ellen C. Keeley
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Risk-Reclassification of Patients With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease Using an Acoustic Score
Authors: Samuel Emil Schmidt, Simon Winther, Mette H. Grønhøj, Louise Nissen, Bjarke Skogstad Larsen, Jelmer Sybren Westra, Niels R. Holm, Lars Frost, Hans Erik Bøtker, Axel Diederichsen, Johannes Jan Struijk, Morten H. Boettcher
Journal: Circulation (2018)
Abstract P008: Abnormal Ankle-Brachial Index is Inversely Associated with Improved Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Sarah Singh, Courtney Pilkerton, Stephanie Frisbee
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background/Objective: An abnormal ankle-brachial index (ABI) strongly correlates with higher mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease however, the inverse link has not been established for cardiovascular (CV) health. The American Heart Association (AHA) aims to improve CV health by 20% by 2020 and has thus proposed the use of CV health metrics (Life’s Simple 7 or LS7). This study examines the relationship of abnormally low ABI with CV health. Methods: We evaluated 5,308 men and women aged ≥40 years, without history of CVD or diabetes mellitus (DM), participating in NHANES from 1999-2004. Abnormally low ABI was defined as ABI&lt; 1.00 which included borderline low [0.91-0.99] and low ABI [&lt;=0.90]). LS7 was scored on a 0-14 point scale and calculated based on poor, intermediate and ideal categories of 7 health components: diet, BMI, smoking, physical activity, blood pressure, glucose and cholesterol. LS7 scores were categorized as inadequate (0-7points), average (8-11) and optimum (12-14) CV health. Ordinal logistic regression models identified associations between abnormal ABI and CV health, with adjustments for sex, age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status and hs-CRP. Results: The mean (95% CI) LS7 score was 7.4 (7.3-7.5), with the majority of the population (75.3%) clustered at the lower end of average CV health. Adjusted models demonstrated that, compared to those with inadequate CV health, those with average CV health experienced 28% lower odds of abnormal ABI (OR 0.72, 95% CI; 0.52-0.97). Further improving CV health from inadequate to optimum was associated with 78% lower odds of abnormal ABI (OR 0.22, 95% CI; 0.09-0.57). On examining individual components, only blood pressure was found to be significantly associated with lower odds of abnormal ABI. Those with intermediate, as compared to poor, blood pressure readings showed 32% lower odds of abnormal ABI (OR 0.68, 95% CI; 0.48-0.94) while those with ideal blood pressure showed a 61% lower odds of abnormal ABI (OR 0.39, 95% CI; 0.21-0.72). Discussion/Conclusion: Although those with average CV health experienced lower odds of abnormal ABI, improving CV health to optimum can significantly lower these odds. This suggests that optimizing cardiovascular health, particularly in those who have not yet been affected by CVD or DM, can significantly slow or prevent progression of systemic atherosclerosis.
Therapeutic Potential of Wnt and Notch Signaling and Epigenetic Regulation in Mammalian Sensory Hair Cell Regeneration
Authors: Anshula Samarajeewa, Bonnie E. Jacques, Alain Dabdoub
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2019)

Hearing loss is one of the most prevalent sensory deficits worldwide and can result from the death of mechanosensory hair cells that transduce auditory signals in the cochlea. The mammalian cochlea lacks the capacity to regenerate these hair cells once damaged, and currently there are no biological therapies for hearing loss. Understanding the signaling pathways responsible for hair cell development can inform regenerative strategies and identify targets for treating hearing loss. The canonical Wnt and Notch pathways are critical for cochlear development; they converge on several key molecules, such as Atoh1, to regulate prosensory specification, proliferation, hair cell differentiation, and cellular organization. Much work has focused on Wnt and Notch modulation in the neonatal mouse cochlea, where they can promote hair cell regeneration. However, this regenerative response is limited in the adult cochlea and this might be attributed to age-dependent epigenetic modifications. Indeed, the epigenetic status at key gene loci undergoes dynamic changes during cochlear development, maturation, and aging. Therefore, strategies to improve regenerative success in the adult cochlea might require the modulation of Wnt, Notch, or other pathways, as well as targeted epigenetic modifications to alter the activity of key genes critical for supporting cell proliferation or transdifferentiation.
Potential Metabolite Markers of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Jiliang Xia, Jingyu Zhang, Xuan Wu, ShiLian Chen, Jingchao Lin, Mingming Su, Jiaojiao Guo, Yongjun Guan, Minghua Wu, Lugui Qiu, Fenghuang Zhan, Wen Zhou
Journal: Blood (2018)
Abstract 441: Role of the Mitochondrial Translocator Protein (TSPO) in the Proarrhythmic Vulnerability of the Diabetic Heart
Authors: Jun Hu, Won-Joon Koh, Chaoqin Xie, Fadi G Akar
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

In structurally normal hearts, inhibition of the mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) prevents ROS-mediated proarrhythmia. Whether and how TSPO modulates electrophysiological (EP) function of diabetic hearts, in which classically cardioprotective pathways are impaired, is unknown. We determined the EP effects of TSPO activation &amp; inhibition in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2DM) and studied the mitochondrial pathway underlying TSPO-related proarrhythmia. Methods: TSPO expression &amp; function were determined in Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats with established t2DM (N=16) compared to controls (ctrl, N=15). Optical mapping was performed before &amp; after challenge of hearts with ischemia for 12 min followed by reperfusion. Hearts underwent TSPO activation (FGIN 4.6uM, N=10), blockade (DZP 64uM, N=7) or no treatment (N=14). Dependence of TSPO-related proarrhythmia on ROS and on the PTP a target of TSPO were also determined. Results: t2DM hearts exhibited markedly increased TSPO expression (mRNA &amp; protein) compared to ctrl. TSPO activation did not alter EP properties at baseline in ctrl or t2DM. In contrast TSPO activation accelerated action potential (AP) shortening during ischemia in t2DM but not ctrl hearts. Following 8 min of ischemia, FGIN-mediated AP shortening was 2X greater in t2DM compared to ctrl (p=0.008). FGIN-treated t2DM (5/7) but not ctrl (0/5) hearts exhibited VT by 12min of ischemia (p=0.027). AP shortening and VT in FGIN-treated t2DM hearts were not prevented by the PTP blocker Cyclosporin A but rather by the ROS scavenger EUK implicating the inner membrane anion channel in the proarrhythmic activity of TSPO. Upon reperfusion, TSPO activation with FGIN caused VF in 100% of ctrl &amp; t2DM hearts compared to ~50% of untreated hearts. DZP prolonged the AP in t2DM (by 53% p&lt;0.01) but not ctrl (p=0.14) hearts consistent with heightened sensitivity of t2DM to TSPO ligands. DZP blunted AP shortening during ischemia and prevented VF upon reperfusion in ctrl and t2DM hearts. Conclusion: t2DM hearts exhibit heightened sensitivity to TSPO ligands. TSPO upregulation may be a key factor in the proarrhythmic vulnerability of the diabetic heart. The cardioprotective efficacy of TSPO inhibition against arrhythmias is preserved in t2DM.
Attributable Failure of First-line Cancer Treatment and Incremental Costs Associated With Smoking by Patients With Cancer
Authors: Graham W. Warren, Kathleen B. Cartmell, Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer, Ramzi G. Salloum, K. Michael Cummings
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

<h3>Importance</h3> Previous studies have shown that continued smoking among patients with cancer can increase overall and cancer-specific mortality, risk for second primary cancer, and risk for toxic effects of cancer treatment. To our knowledge, there have been no efforts to estimate additional costs for cancer treatment attributed to smoking. <h3>Objective</h3> To model attributable incremental costs of subsequent cancer treatment associated with continued smoking by patients with cancer. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> For this economic evaluation, a model was developed in 2018 using data from a 2014 US Surgeon General’s report that considered expected failure rates of first-line cancer treatment in nonsmoking patients, smoking prevalence, odds ratio of first-line cancer treatment failure attributed to smoking compared with nonsmoking, and cost of cancer treatment after failure of first-line cancer treatment. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Attributable failures of first-line cancer treatment and incremental cost for subsequent treatment associated with continued smoking among patients with cancer. <h3>Results</h3> Attributable treatment failures were higher under conditions in which high first-line cure rates were expected in nonsmoking patients compared with conditions in which low cure rates were expected. Peak attributable failures occurred under the conditions in which expected cure rates among nonsmoking patients ranged from 50% to 65%. Under the conditions of a 30% expected treatment failure rate among nonsmoking patients, 20% smoking prevalence, 60% increased risk of failure of first-line cancer treatment, and $100 000 mean added cost of treating a first-line cancer treatment failure, the additional incremental cost per 1000 total patients was estimated to be $2.1 million, reflecting an additional cost of $10 678 per smoking patient. Extrapolation of cost to 1.6 million patients with cancer diagnosed annually reflects a potential $3.4 billion in incremental cost. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The findings suggest that continued smoking among patients with cancer and the increase in attributable first-line cancer treatment failure is associated with significant incremental costs for subsequent cancer treatments. Additional work appears to be needed to identify optimal methods to mitigate these incremental costs.
Combination of cisplatin and tangeretin induces apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cells through modulation of phospho-Akt and its downstream substrates
Authors: El-Shaimaa Arafa, Mohamed El-Mahdy, Mostafa El-Sayed, Helmy Moawad, Hekma Abdel Latif, Qianzheng Zhu, Bassant Barakat, Qi-En Wang, Gulzar Wani, Safita Mir, Altaf Wani
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

3383  The failure of cancer treatment has always been accredited to toxicity and/or inefficacy of chemotherapeutic drug regimens. Combination of anticancer drugs with innocuous dietary flavoniods has been proven as a successful approach to alleviate such problems. Tangeretin (TG), a polymethoxylated flavonoid, copiously concentrated in the peel of citrus fruits, has shown to inhibit cancer proliferation. However, its molecular mechanism to boost up the efficacy of anticancer drugs in resistant cells warrants more investigation. This study is an attempt to enhance the sensitivity of cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cells A2780/CP70 to low doses of cisplatin (Cis) using different combination schedules with TG. Our data showed that TG /Cis combinations resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis which is associated with activation of caspase pathway and cell cycle changes with the appearance of sub G1 population. The combination showed antiproliferative effect in a drug administration sequence-specific manner. Isobologram plots and combination index calculation showed synergistic effect when cells were treated with TG 24 hr prior to Cis. This synergism indicates that TG pretreatment may have modulated the pro-/anti-apoptotic protein imbalance and inactivated cell survival pathways, the hallmarks for drug resistance in ovarian cancer that require heavy drug combination regimen. Further investigations are ongoing to support this notion and to examine the effect of TG/Cis treatment on p53 function, PTEN expression, NF-kB activation, and phospho-Akt and its downstream substrates including Bad, Bim, glycogen synthase kinase, and FOXO transcription factor. Using this drug exposure schedule in resistant cells is particularly important in heavily pretreated patients who developed multidrug resistance through different mechanisms. This work was supported by NIH grants CA93413, ES6074 and ES12991 to A. A. W.
Association of Insulin Resistance With Schizophrenia Polygenic Risk Score and Response to Antipsychotic Treatment
Authors: Jakub Tomasik, Santiago G. Lago, Javier Vázquez-Bourgon, Sergi Papiol, Paula Suárez-Pinilla, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Sabine Bahn
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2019)

Patients with schizophrenia show an increased risk of impaired glucose metabolism, 1 yet the mechanism behind this association remains unknown.Multiple studies have attempted to identify the determinants of insulin resistance (IR) in schizophrenia, with evidence suggesting that it cannot be fully explained by disease duration, symptom severity, medication effects, obesity, or hormonal stress axis activation, and other interacting factors are likely involved. 1While family and genome-wide association studies have suggested a shared genetic vulnerability between schizophrenia and abnormal glucose metabolism, 2 to our knowledge, a direct link between schizophrenia genetic risk and insulin resistance has not been investigated.Here, we examine the association between IR, schizophrenia polygenic risk, and treatment outcomes in first-episode, antipsychotic-naive patients with schizophrenia and matched healthy individuals while controlling for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors.Methods | First-episode, antipsychotic-naive patients with schizophrenia and matched unaffected control individuals (58 patients with schizophrenia and 58 control individuals; Table ) were recruited at the University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (Santander, Spain) as described previously. 3The study procedures were approved by the medical faculty ethical committee, and written informed consent was obtained from all study participants.Schizophrenia polygenic risk scores (PRS) were calculated based on 108 genome-wide significant schizophrenia loci 4 from the Illumina Infinium PsychArray Bead-Chip genotyping data imputed using IMPUTE2/SHAPEIT.The updated Homeostasis Model Assess-
Cardiac Phenotypes, Genetics, and Risks in Familial Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jaap I. van Waning, Kadir Caliskan, Michelle Michels, Arend F.L. Schinkel, Alexander Hirsch, Michiel Dalinghaus, Yvonne M. Hoedemaekers, Marja W. Wessels, Arne S. IJpma, Robert M.W. Hofstra, Marjon A. van Slegtenhorst, Danielle Majoor-Krakauer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
A whole-health–economy approach to antimicrobial stewardship: Analysis of current models and future direction
Authors: Monsey McLeod, Raheelah Ahmad, Nada Atef Shebl, Christianne Micallef, Fiona Sim, Alison Holmes
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2019)

Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) strategies are widely implemented in single healthcare sectors and organisations; however, the extent and impact of integrated AMS initiatives across the whole health economy are unknown.• Assessing degree of integration of AMS across the whole health economy and its impact is essential if we are to achieve a 'One Health' approach to addressing antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and therefore we searched systematically for and analysed published examples of integrated AMS initiatives to address this gap.• Application of a system-level framework to analyse integration of AMS initiatives across and within healthcare sectors shows that integration is emerging but needs strengthening.• Findings from a small number of evaluations in high-income countries suggest that antimicrobial prescribing and healthcare-associated infections can be reduced using a multisectoral integrated AMS approach.• More robust research designs to evaluate and understand the impact of multisectoral integrated AMS are needed, particularly with respect to differing health systems in different countries and local organisational contexts.• Our analysis highlights a number of challenges and ways forward for enhancing the delivery of AMS through an integrated approach.