tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IMPULS: Impulsivity-Focused Group Intervention to Reduce Binge Eating Episodes in Patients with Binge Eating Disorder – A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Kathrin Schag, Sina K. Rennhak, Elisabeth J. Leehr, Eva-Maria Skoda, Sandra Becker, Wolfgang Bethge, Peter Martus, Stephan Zipfel, Katrin Elisabeth Giel
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2019)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Impulsivity is a risk factor for binge eating disorder, and binge eating (BE) equates to impulsive eating behaviour. Hence, we developed IMPULS, a cognitive behavioural group intervention focusing on impulsive eating. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; We randomised 41 patients to the IMPULS group and 39 to the control group. The IMPULS group participated in the IMPULS treatment, while both groups completed weekly self-observations. We compared both groups concerning BE episodes in the past 4 weeks at the end of treatment (primary outcome). As secondary outcomes, we investigated eating pathology, depression, general impulsivity and body mass index (BMI) at the end of treatment and in a 3-month follow-up. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The primary outcome failed, because BE episodes in the past 4 weeks were reduced in both groups at the end of treatment. At follow-up, the IMPULS group showed further improvement, contrary to the control group. The BE days/episodes in the 2 months before were overall reduced in both groups. Eating pathology was reduced in the IMPULS group at the end of treatment and partly in both groups at the follow-up. Depression was only reduced in the IMPULS group. General impulsivity and BMI did not change. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The IMPULS study has a negative primary outcome. However, secondary outcomes indicate that the IMPULS treatment might be promising, as BE, eating pathology and depression were reduced in the IMPULS group. The initially reduced BE in the control group might represent a short-term effect from the self-observations. General impulsivity and BMI might need a longer time or more intensive treatment to change.
Efficacy and Safety of Flexibly Dosed Esketamine Nasal Spray Combined With a Newly Initiated Oral Antidepressant in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Randomized Double-Blind Active-Controlled Study
Authors: Vanina Popova, Ella J. Daly, Madhukar Trivedi, Kimberly Cooper, Rosanne Lane, Pilar Lim, Christine Mazzucco, David Hough, Michael E. Thase, Richard C. Shelton, Patricio Molero, Eduard Vieta, Malek Bajbouj, Husseini Manji, Wayne C. Drevets, Jaskaran B. Singh
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2019)

About one-third of patients with depression fail to achieve remission despite treatment with multiple antidepressants. This study compared the efficacy and safety of switching patients with treatment-resistant depression from an ineffective antidepressant to flexibly dosed esketamine nasal spray plus a newly initiated antidepressant or to a newly initiated antidepressant (active comparator) plus placebo nasal spray.This was a phase 3, double-blind, active-controlled, multicenter study conducted at 39 outpatient referral centers. The study enrolled adults with moderate to severe nonpsychotic depression and a history of nonresponse to at least two antidepressants in the current episode, with one antidepressant assessed prospectively. Confirmed nonresponders were randomly assigned to treatment with esketamine nasal spray (56 or 84 mg twice weekly) and an antidepressant or antidepressant and placebo nasal spray. The primary efficacy endpoint, change from baseline to day 28 in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score, was assessed by a mixed-effects model using repeated measures.Of 435 patients screened, 227 underwent randomization and 197 completed the 28-day double-blind treatment phase. Change in MADRS score with esketamine plus antidepressant was significantly greater than with antidepressant plus placebo at day 28 (difference of least square means=-4.0, SE=1.69, 95% CI=-7.31, -0.64); likewise, clinically meaningful improvement was observed in the esketamine plus antidepressant arm at earlier time points. The five most common adverse events (dissociation, nausea, vertigo, dysgeusia, and dizziness) all were observed more frequently in the esketamine plus antidepressant arm than in the antidepressant plus placebo arm; 7% and 0.9% of patients in the respective treatment groups discontinued study drug because of an adverse event. Adverse events in the esketamine plus antidepressant arm generally appeared shortly after dosing and resolved by 1.5 hours after dosing.Current treatment options for treatment-resistant depression have considerable limitations in terms of efficacy and patient acceptability. Esketamine is expected to address an unmet medical need in this population through its novel mechanism of action and rapid onset of antidepressant efficacy. The study supports the efficacy and safety of esketamine nasal spray as a rapidly acting antidepressant for patients with treatment-resistant depression.
Mini-Sternotomy Versus Conventional Sternotomy for Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Helen C. Hancock, Rebecca H. Maier, Adetayo S. Kasim, James M. Mason, Gavin J. Murphy, Andrew T. Goodwin, W. Andrew Owens, Bilal H. Kirmani, Enoch F. Akowuah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Digital health: a path to validation
Authors: Simon C. Mathews, Michael J. McShea, Casey L. Hanley, Alan Ravitz, Alain B. Labrique, Adam B. Cohen
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2019)

Abstract Digital health solutions continue to grow in both number and capabilities. Despite these advances, the confidence of the various stakeholders — from patients and clinicians to payers, industry and regulators — in medicine remains quite low. As a result, there is a need for objective, transparent, and standards-based evaluation of digital health products that can bring greater clarity to the digital health marketplace. We believe an approach that is guided by end-user requirements and formal assessment across technical, clinical, usability, and cost domains is one possible solution. For digital health solutions to have greater impact, quality and value must be easier to distinguish. To that end, we review the existing landscape and gaps, highlight the evolving responses and approaches, and detail one pragmatic framework that addresses the current limitations in the marketplace with a path toward implementation.
EUS-GUIDED VS PERCUTANEOUS DRAINAGE FOR ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS IN HIGH-RISK PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: A Tringali, E Stasi, M Cintolo, L Dioscoridi, F Pugliese, E Forti, DG Adler, M Mutignani
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

EUS-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) is an alternative treatment for acute cholecystitis in patients unfit for surgery when transpapillary drainage fails. Percutaneous cholecystostomy (PT-GBD) offers an alternative temporary measure with clinical success rates over 95% in acute cholecystitis; however, it is associated with high morbidity. A meta-analysis was performed to compare the clinical outcome of EUS-GBD and PT-GBD for acute cholecystitis in high-risk patients.
Abstract 4138374: Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction Plays Important Roles on Development of Acute Coronary Syndrome and Fatal Cardiovascular Events During Long-Term Follow-up Over 10 Years
Authors: Tatsuaki Murakami
Journal: Circulation (2024)

Introduction: Although coronary endothelial dysfunction is thought to affect coronary atherothrombogenic processes, there has been little practical evidence for the relationship between clinical evolution of fatal or non-fatal acute coronary syndrome and coronary endothelial dysfunction. Hypothesis: We assessed hypothesis that coronary endothelial dysfunction has clinical impacts on development of acute coronary syndrome and fatal cardiovascular events. Methods: Coronary endothelial dysfunction was practically graded by the flow-mediated endothelium-dependent reactive changes in coronary artery diameter (CFMD) to infusion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP ; 50μg) into the normal left coronary artery using quantitative coronary arteriography in 150 patients with stable coronary artery disease. The enrolled patients were categorized into tertile groups according to the values of CFMD, and we prospectively followed-up major adverse clinical cardiac events including acute coronary syndrome and cardiovascular death. Results: For a mean follow-up period of 132 months (range; 120 to 144) with complete follow-up, the patients in the lower third with severe coronary endothelial dysfunction (Group-L) more frequently developed acute coronary syndrome than those in the middle third with mild coronary endothelial dysfunction (Group-M) plus those in the higher third without coronary endothelial dysfunction (Group-H) [Group-L versus Group-M plus Group-H: 15(30%) versus 5(10%) plus 0(0%), p&lt;0.001, by Kaplan-Meier analysis]. Majority of the patients who resulted in cardiovascular death belonged to Group-L, [6(12%) versus 1(2%) plus 0(0%), p=0.014, by Kaplan-Meier analysis]. Cox hazard proportional model analyses including clinical and angiographical variables indicated that severe coronary endothelial dysfunction was the strong predictor for future acute coronary syndrome (hazard ratio=7.53, 95%confidential interval; 1.78-12.25, p&lt;0.001) and future cardiovascular death (hazard ratio=13.50, 95%confidential interval; 1.55-25.25, p=0.005). Conclusions: This is the novel and longest follow-up investigation that demonstrates coronary endothelial dysfunction plays important roles on development of acute coronary syndrome and fatal cardiovascular events and therefore the strategies based on practical status of coronary endothelial dysfunction are required to prevent major adverse ischemic cardiac events.
Feasibility study of using an app-based mHealth group challenge to improve physical activity (PA) and fatigue after breast cancer (BC)
Authors: E. Martin, A. Di Meglio, C. Charles, A.R. Ferreira, A. Gbenou, M. Blond, B. Fagnou, B. Pistilli, M. Saghatchian, I. Vaz-Luis
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

Background: PA has shown beneficial effects in the treatment of BC fatigue, nevertheless a significant portion of patients (pts) remain insufficiently physically active after BC. Currently most of BC pts has a smartphone and therefore mobile health (mHealth) holds the promise of promoting health behaviors uptake for many of them. Kiplin® developed an app-based mHealth group intervention aiming at engaging pts in group PA challenges while monitoring daily steps. The aim of this study was, through qualitative exploration, to 1) understand the feasibility of this challenge and 2) inform its development in pts with BC. Methods: BC pts with fatigue (≥4/10 using a visual analog scale) and physically inactive (per WHO recommendations) were included. 2 independent pts groups (n1=5, n2=4; overall median age=47, range: 29-60) performed an initial focus group (FG) to understand barriers to PA and mHealth, followed by a 2 week Kiplin® challenge and a closing FG to obtain feedback on the mHealth experience. FGs lasted ≈60 minutes, were recorded, transcribed and anonymized. Emergent themes were identified by thematic content analysis using NVivo 12. Results: Three main themes regarding barriers to PA emerged: 1) physical barriers (e.g. late effects of treatment) (100%); 2) time barriers (e.g. work) (56%); 3) motivation barriers (33.3%). The main barrier to mHealth was lack of familiarity with technology (66.6%). All pts considered that the intervention was motivating (particularly due to the group effect), promoted personal organization to address time constrictions, subjectively it seemed to promote PA and decrease symptomatology. Technical simplifications (e.g. design changes, improvement of functionality) and information tools were provided for the second group addressing first group barriers which were not further identified. All pts would recommend such an intervention to other pts. Conclusions: Kiplin®'s app-based mHealth group challenge was deemed feasible in these groups of BC pts with fatigue, being perceived as a promoter of PA engagement. This qualitative exploration aided the improvement of this intervention. Future interventional studies are warranted. Clinical trial identification: ID - RCB n°: 2017-A02062-51. Legal entity responsible for the study: INSERM UMR 981. Funding: Susan G. Komen (to Ines Vaz-Luis); Odyssea Organization (to Elise Martin). Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Merseyside launches public health approach to tackle rising violent crime
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Clinicians, the police, and local government are joining forces in Merseyside to use a public health approach to try to prevent violent incidents and tackle the underlying factors behind a recent increase in serious crime.

Merseyside’s police and crime commissioner, Jane Kennedy, has appointed John Ashton, former regional director of public health for northwest England and senior consultant adviser to the World Health Organisation’s “Healthy Cities” project, to spearhead the scheme.

An independent chairperson will …
MAPPING THE DISTRIBUTION OF SMALL BOWEL ANGIOECTASIAS
Authors: M Davie, D Yung, J Plevris, A Koulaouzidis
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Angioectasias are the main cause of small bowel (SB) bleeding. They are frequently identified during capsule endoscopy (CE). Subsequent management depends upon severity/extent and location. There is mounting evidence that the location of SB angioectasias is not entirely random. We aimed to map the distribution and size of SB angioectasias, and assess whether this impacted clinical outcomes significantly.
Efficacy and safety of direct oral factor Xa inhibitors compared with warfarin in patients with morbid obesity: a single-centre, retrospective analysis of chart data
Authors: Margarita Kushnir, Yun Choi, Ruth Eisenberg, Devika Rao, Seda Tolu, Jackson Gao, Wenzhu Mowrey, Henny H Billett
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2019)
A Heterozygous ABCB4, RUNDC3B, and ABCB1 Deletion Associated With Severe Cholestatic Liver Disease in Adulthood
Authors: Benedetta Terziroli Beretta‐Piccoli, Richard Thompson, Pierre Foskett, Andreas Cerny, Elisabetta Merlo, Diego Vergani, Anne‐Laure Rougemont, Isabelle Moix, Giorgina Mieli‐Vergani, Michael Morris
Journal: Hepatology (2019)

Terziroli Beretta‐Piccoli, Benedetta*,1,3; Thompson, Richard2; Foskett, Pierre3; Cerny, Andreas1; Merlo, Elisabetta4; Vergani, Diego3; Rougemont, Anne‐Laure5; Moix, Isabelle6; Mieli‐Vergani, Giorgina7,†; Morris, Michael6,† Author Information
Cytotoxic T cell lipases increase tumor cell death and degrade target cell lipids
Authors: Bryce Alves, Mark Lowe, David Tamang, Jeffry Leong, Viki Elliott, Leanne Volleger, Doug Redelman, Dorothy Hudig
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

966  How many ways remain to be discovered to account for how cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) kill tumor cells? Here our efforts are directed towards the roles of CTL lipases, including an IL-4 inducible lipase, pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (PLRP2) that is normally secreted into the gut to digest dietary fats. We compared tumor cell death mediated by freshly activated CTLs generated from splenocytes of Balb/c wild type (WT) and Balb/c PLRP2-/- (KO) littermate mice. Concanavalin-A activated splenic T cells were cultured with IL-2 or with IL-4 (500 u/ml) for 6 days. We assayed cytotoxicity by anti-CD3 antibody redirected lysis of Fc-IgG-receptor-bearing P815 mastocytoma cells, monitoring 51Cr release from the dead cells. We also monitored the frequency of Grz B+ CD8+ CTLs and their levels of Grz B by flow cytometry. PLRP2 was detected by RT-PCR for gene expression and by immunoblots of the CTL proteins developed with cross-reacting chicken antibodies to human PLRP2. Lipase activity was monitored by pre-labeling the target P815 cell lipids with 3H-oleic acid or by enzymatically monitoring lipase released from the CTL upon stimulation with phorbol myristic acid and calcium ionophore. We found that the WT CTLs were consistently 2-4 fold more cytotoxic than the PLRP2-/- CTLs, with greater differences following culture with IL-4. The frequency and mean fluorescent intensity of the signal of Grz B+ CTLs was similar for WT and KO CTLs cultured with identical cytokines. The similarities indicate that the differences responsible for the increased toxicity of the WT cells were unbiased by CTL frequency and independent of Grz B expression. There was extensive 3H released into the supernatant from the oleic-acid labeled P815s which could reach 30% of the total label of the P815s. The release correlated with the effector CTL to target cell ratios and was absent without anti-CD3 when lysis failed to occur. It was blocked by tetrahydrolipstatin, an inhibitor of triglyceride lipases. The 3H release, thought to be associated with lipid products, appeared regardless of the WT or KO status of the CTL, suggesting that the lipase(s) mediating most of the target cell lipid degradation are independent of PLRP2. Upon stimulation, the WT CTLs induced with IL-4 released activity that degraded the triolein substrate that is selectively hydrolysed by lipases like PLRP2 while the IL-4 cultured PLRP2-/- CTLs lacked this activity. From these date, we conclude that PLRP2 is a lipase of CTLs that is important for CTL activity and probably released during T cell mediated killing. A different lipase is responsible for the extensive degradation of target cell lipids. Overall, the data indicate that lipases appear to be a new means to account for how cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) kill tumor cells. Supported in part by NIH R01 CA38942 & T32 CA09563 and the Reno Cancer Foundation.
PROXIMAL NEOPLASIA YIELD AMONG SUBJECTS REFERRED FOR COLONOSCOPY FOLLOWING A POSITIVE SCREENING SIGMOIDOSCOPY, ACCORDING TO REFERRAL INDICATION
Authors: C Senore, A Arrigoni, R Fasoli, P Cassoni, C Hassan
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

The Piedmont (Italy) CRC screening program adopted once-only sigmoidoscopy (FS), at age 58, as primary screening test. Screenees are referred for colonoscopy (TC), based on the following criteria: >= 1 high-risk (HR – size > 9 mm.; size < 10 mm and villous component> 20% or high-grade dysplasia; > 2 adenomas < 10 mm) distal polyp; inadequate bowel preparation in subjects with polyps (any size); increased CRC risk due to family history (FH), or symptoms (endoscopist's judgement), among subjects with negative FS. Limited evidence is available about the proximal neoplasia yield of the different indications.
Efficacy and Safety of Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonists in Treatment of Internal Fistulizing Crohn's Disease
Authors: Guillaume Bouguen, Audrey Huguet, Aurélien Amiot, Stéphanie Viennot, Franck Cholet, Maria Nachury, Mathurin Flamant, Jean-Marie Reimund, Véronique Desfourneaux, Arnaud Boureille, Laurent Siproudhis
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2019)
L'écho-endoscopie haute est-elle nécessaire dans le bilan de l'achalasie et des autres troubles moteurs oesophagiens?
Authors: S Oumrani, M Barret, G Roseau, B Brieau, S Leblanc, F Prat, S Chaussade
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

L'étiologie de l'achalasie primaire du sphincter inférieur de l'oesophage est inconnue. L'écho-endoscopie haute (EEH) est recommandée dans le bilan initial chez les patients présentant une achalasie afin d'éliminer le diagnostic de pseudoachalasie et de rechercher un épaississement typique de la paroi oesophagienne. En pratique clinique, la réalisation de l'EEH est discutée dû à des résultats contradictoires dans la littérature notamment concernant la reproductibilité de la mesure de la paroi oesophagienne. Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer la contribution clinique des résultats d'EEH à la prise en charge de l'achalasie.
Abstract 3612: Combination FGFR4 and ER-targeted therapy for invasive lobular carcinoma
Authors: Kevin Levine, Jian Chen, Matthew Sikora, Nilgun Tasdemir, George Tseng, Shannon Puhalla, Rachel Jankowitz, David Dabbs, Priscilla McAuliffe, Adrian Lee, Steffi Oesterreich
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Background Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC) is an understudied subtype of breast cancer. Distinctive properties of ILC include growth patterns, metastatic behavior, receptor status (almost universally estrogen receptor (ER) positive), and survival outcomes (Long-term survival is lower in patients with ER+ ILC compared to the other main histological subtype, invasive ductal carcinoma). Our lab recently generated six long-term estrogen deprivation (LTED) models of ILC cells. We performed RNA-Sequencing on these six LTED cell lines and identified differentially expressed genes compared to their parental cells cultured with estrogen. We overlapped these results with a previously published analysis of a tamoxifen-resistant ILC cell line and found that FGFR4 is the most consistently overexpressed gene in the setting of acquired resistance to endocrine therapy in ILC cells. Hypothesis FGFR4 is an important mediator of resistance to endocrine therapy in ILC. Methods To study the role of FGFR4 in acquired resistance to endocrine therapy, we used siRNA, multiple shRNAs, and specific small molecule inhibition for growth assays of ILC cells. To study the role of FGFR4 in de novo resistance to endocrine therapy, we collected 129 well curated ER+ ILC tumor specimens. We performed gene expression analysis on the pre-treatment samples using a custom NanoString panel. Results FGFR4 inhibition decreases parental and LTED ILC cell growth in classic 2D growth conditions, in the setting of ultra-low attachment, and in colony formation assays. Mechanistically, FGFR4 and estrogen signaling are antagonistic in parental ILC cells. In our clinical samples, increased expression of FGFR4 is predictive of shorter time to distant recurrence. Conclusion FGFR4 may play an important role in both acquired and de novo resistance to endocrine therapy in ILC. Future studies will assess the efficacy of combining FGFR4 inhibitors with ER-targeted therapy for patients with ILC. Citation Format: Kevin Levine, Jian Chen, Matthew Sikora, Nilgun Tasdemir, George Tseng, Shannon Puhalla, Rachel Jankowitz, David Dabbs, Priscilla McAuliffe, Adrian Lee, Steffi Oesterreich. Combination FGFR4 and ER-targeted therapy for invasive lobular carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3612. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3612
Efficacy of artesunate plus pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine for uncomplicated malaria in Gambian children: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial (vol 355, pg 352, 2000)
Authors: L von Seidlein, P Milligan, M Pinder, K Bojang, C Anyalebechi, R Gosling, R Coleman, J I Ude, A Sadiq, M Duraisingh, D Warhurst, A Alloueche, G Targett, K McAdam, B Greenwood, G Walraven, P Olliaoro, T Doherty
Journal: The Lancet (2000)
Dissection sous muqueuse en centre expert: analyse de la courbe d'apprentissage dans un centre expert français avec 6 ans d'éxperience
Authors: J Albouys, R Legros, M Dahan, V Valgueblasse, P Carrier, M Debette-Gracien, A Le Sidaner, H Lepetit, P Maurel, L Pagnon, D Sautereau, J Jacques
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

La dissection sous muqueuse est le traitement de référence des lésions pré cancéreuse et cancéreuses superficielles de grande taille au Japon depuis plusieurs années. L'ESD a été introduit en France au début des années 2010 et s'est développée au sein de centres experts. Les données sur la courbe d'apprentissage nécessaire pour arriver à une efficacité clinique viennent essentiellement d'études japonaises dont l'extrapolation est difficile dans les pays occidentaux. Nous rapportons ici les résultats d'une étude prospective évaluant la courbe d'apprentissage de la dissection sous-muqueuse sur 6 ans d'expérience en centre expert français.