tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anticancer platinum drugs inhibit ubiquitin (ub)-dependent protelysis through S-glutathionylation of ub-E1 and proteasome enzymes
Authors: Surajit Karmakar, Naren L. Banik, Sunil J. Patel, Swapan K. Ray
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

3839  Glioblastoma is the most maligant and prevalent human brain tumor of astroglial origin. It is considered as the death sentence in patients due to its poor response or resistance to existing therapeutic agents. Therefore, the search continues for an effective therapy for controlling the growth of this devastating cancer. Recent studies revealed the important roles of dietary phytochemicals for chemoprevention against various cancers and the development of natural diet-derived chemotherapeutic agents is an emerging area in cancer research. Previous studies have indicated that curcumin (CCM), a polyphenolic compound from Curcuma longa, possesses anti-proliferative properties because of cell-cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells. CCM inhibits skin, forestomach, mammary, liver and colon carcinogenesis in animal models of these cancers and indicates its anti-cancer activity. In the present investigation, we evaluated the chemotherapeutic efficacy of CCM against human malignant glioblastoma U87MG cells by inducing apoptosis and examining the molecular mechanisms, especially the proteolytic activities, involved in this process. Trypan blue dye exclusion test showed decreased viability of U87MG cells with increasing dose of CCM. Under light microscopy, Wright staining and ApopTag assay, respectively, showed the morphological and biochemical features of apoptosis in U87MG cells treated with 25 μM and 50 μM of CCM for 24 h. Western blot analyses showed that CCM treatment activated extrinsic pathway of apoptosis by activation of caspase-8, cleavage of Bid to tBid, down regulation of anti-apoptotic nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and upregulation of its inhibitor IκBα expression, favoring the process of apoptosis. CCM also caused activation of mitochondria-mediated intrinsic pathway of apoptosis with changes in expression of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins resulting in an increase in Bax:Bcl-2 ratio, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria followed by activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 for apoptosis. Increased activities of calpain and caspase-3 were confirmed in the cleavage of 270 kD α-spectrin at specific sites generating 145 kD spectrin break down product (SBDP) and 120 kD SBDP, respectively. In course of CCM-induced apoptosis, increased expression of Smac/Diablo suggested suppression of the inhibitor-of-apoptosis proteins (IAPs), also called the Baculovirus IAP Repeat Containing (BIRC) proteins, as we confirmed their down regulation in U87MG cells following treatment with CCM. Taken together, our results indicated activation of multiple molecular mechanisms and involvement of proteolytic activities of calpain and caspases for apoptosis in human malignant glioblastoma U87MG cells following exposure to CCM. This research was supported in parts by the grants from the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, and State of SC.
POTENTIAL IMPACT OF THE PROPOSED BSG/ACPGBI/PHE POST-POLYPECTOMY AND POST-COLORECTAL CANCER RESECTION SURVEILLANCE GUIDELINES AT AN IRISH BOWELSCREEN CENTRE
Authors: M Elsiddig, DJ Gandhi, J Leyden
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims The Irish BowelScreen program was instituted in 2012 as a cost-effective colorectal cancer surveillance programme. As the programme expands, surveillance procedures are also an expanding role of the programme in the setting of limited resources. Recent consensus guidelines were jointly commissioned by the British Society of Gastroenterology, the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland and Public Health England (BSG/ACPGBI/PHE) which take into consideration colorectal bowel screening data. We set out to investigate the potential impact of these guidelines if implemented at an experienced BowelScreen centre.
TREATMENT STRATEGY OF POST-ERCP COMPLICATIONS
Authors: S Budzinskiy, E Fedorov, S Shapovalianz, P Cherniakevich, M Zakharova
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Methods The retrospective study was held at the Pirogov Russian Medical University. The complications of endoscopic transpapillary interventions occurred at the Moscow City Hospital #31, Moscow, Russian federation, from January 1st 2008 to November 1st 2019 were retrospectively evaluated.
IS ENDOBILIARY STENTING A CULPRIT FOR TUMOR RECURRENCE IN AMPULLARY CARCINOMA?
Authors: SB Kim, MC Kim, MG Kang, JH Cho, JG Park, KH Kim, KO Kim, SH Lee, BI Jang, TN Kim
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate relationship between endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD) and recurrence in patients who underwent R0 resection of ampullary carcinoma.
ENDOSCOPIC MULTIPLE STENTING FOR THE TREATMENT OF ENTERAL LEAKS NEAR THE BILIO-PANCREATIC ORIFICE: AN EXPERIENCE FROM A SINGLE CENTER
Authors: M Mutignani, L Venezia, E Forti, F Pugliese, M Cintolo, G Bonato, A Giannetti, L Dioscoridi
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims To evaluate the clinical outcome of a new endoscopic procedure for complex enteral leaks involving the bilio-pancreatic orifice, inducing the healing through the isolation of the leak and the diversion of all the secretions (biliary and pancreatic).
Antimalarial use and arrhythmias in COVID-19 and rheumatic patients: a matter of dose and inflammation?
Authors: Gian Luca Erre, Edoardo Sean Ferraccioli, Matteo Piga, Arduino Mangoni, Giuseppe Passiu, Elisa Gremese, Gianfranco Ferraccioli
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

<b>Introduction:</b> Reduced functional capacity has been associated with lower levels in physical activity in COPD patients. It is unknown which one is the best strategy to promote physical activity in then. <b>Objectives:</b> To examine the effects of the use a Walking Guide (WG) designed for COPD patients, as an unsupervised physical activity program, on pulmonary functional capacity, physical activity, and quality of life related to health compared with standard care. <b>Methods:</b> We recruited 25 men, mean age 70 years, moderate-severe COPD, dyspnea grade 2 (MMRC), randomized to 2 groups. Group WG(n=13): physical activity performed following the WG and group Control(n=12): standard recommended care. Assessment was performed at baseline and at 3 months: 6MWT, BODE, CAT, Baecke questionnaire, muscle strength, and physical activity by accelerometer as METS: sedentary 1-1.5, 1.5-3: Light, 3-6: moderate, 6-9 vigorous and&gt; 9: very vigorous. Patients were followed monthly by telephone call. <b>Results:</b> There were no differences between groups at baseline in all parameters. Most patients have a degree of physical activity classified as sedentary (METS). Physical activity measuring by Baecke questionnaire was significantly higher (p = 0.0008) and so was the quality of life by using CAT score (p = 0.001) in the whole group before and after intervention. There were no statistical differences between groups. After intervention, there were no differences in 6MWT, BODE, and muscle strength. <b>Conclusions:</b> Encourage walking regularly in the standard care or using a WG for COPD patients, increased the physical activity and quality of life. No added benefit was found using a specifical tool as the walking guide in the first three months.
PERCUTANEUS ENDOSCOPIC GASTROSTOMY (PEG). SUCCESSFUL PLACEMENT AND COMPLICATION RATES. A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY CONDUCTED AT A TETRIARY CENTER
Authors: C Pontas, G Karampekos, F Gkeros, E Tsoukali, C Chantzievangelinou, G Filippidis, M Vraka, A Tsatsa, L Varytimiadis, A Tsigaridas, E Archavlis, N Viazis, G Mantzaris
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy(PEG)is an endoscopic procedure aiming to create a stoma in order to facilitate the delivering of water and nutrients to the small intestine when oral feeding is impossible or contraindicated.The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of PEG formation in our center.
Pharmacology of Migraine
Authors: N H Raskin
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1981)

Some thirty years ago, methysergide was introduced as the first drug capable of preventing migraine attacks and proved to be remarkably effective [1,2]. Because many peripheral actions of serotonin were found to be antagonized by methysergide, attention was focused on circulating serotonin as a potentially important substance in the generation of headaches. However, over the years, interest in the humoral actions of serotonin waned because of a lack of supportive evidence. Today, there is an explosion of renewed interest in serotonin and headache, this time in its neurotransmitter role in the central nervous system (CNS) [3]. This progress report will focus on the lines of evidence that have led to perturbed serotonergic neurotransmission as a putative mechanism of migraine. It appears likely that the mode of action of the antimigraine drugs is stabilization of such perturbation by enhancing serotonergic neurotransmission [4].
EFFECT OF TRAINING ON THE REFERRALS TO SURGERY FOR LARGE BENIGN COLORECTAL POLYPS
Authors: A Gavric, G Trejo, O Ortiz, L Rivero-Sanchez, D Zaffalon, G Fernández-Esparrach, B González-Suárez, I Araujo, H Córdova, O Sendino, K Chávez, R Bravo, A Otero, J Llach, F Balaguer, M Pellisé-Urquiza
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Despite endoscopy is more efficient, safe and cost-effective than surgery for the treatment of large non-pedunculated benign colorectal polyps (LNBCP), still a large proportion of benign polyps are referred to surgery. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a specific training on the referral rate to surgery for LNBCP.
A Case of Coronavirus Infection Incidentally Found on FDG PET/CT Scan
Authors: Abtin Doroudinia, Mehrdad Tavakoli
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract We present a highly suspicious case of COVID-19 infection, incidentally found on 18 F-FDG PET/CT images. Patient was scanned on February, 25, 2020, when COVID-19 outbreak was unrecognized in our country. She admitted having recent occasional dry cough and fever. A retrospective review of her clinical and laboratory data was strongly suggestive for diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. PET/CT images demonstrated hypermetabolic diffuse ground glass opacities in both lungs with bilateral nodules. There was no evidence of pleural effusion or prominent mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy. Radiologists must be aware of COVID-19 presentations on PET/CT scan images during COVID-19 outbreak.
Should This Patient Receive Hormone Therapy for Her Menopausal Symptoms
Authors: Eileen E. Reynolds, Carol Bates, Martha Richardson, Risa B. Burns
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

Use of hormone therapy (HT) for the vasomotor symptoms of menopause has been controversial since publication of the Women's Health Initiative in the early 2000s. However, the 2017 guideline from th...
ENDOSCOPIC PAPILLARY LARGE BALLOON DILATION AFTER SPHINCTEROTOMY REDUCES SURGICAL REFERRAL RATE
Authors: D Storan, F Janjua, J Campion, F Zeb, G Courtney, A Aftab
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD) is a safe and effective technique for removal of common bile duct stones (CBDS) with a lower rate of mechanical lithotripsy (ML) and similar CBD clearance rate compared to sphincterotomy (EST). It is unclear if EPLBD reduces the number of patients referred for surgical CBD exploration. We aimed to compare CBD clearance, ML use and referral for CBD exploration between patients treated with EST alone vs. EST followed by EPLBD (EST+EPLBD).
Selective radioprotection of normal tissues by new cerium oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Jimmie Colon, Sudipta Seal, Santhi Konduri, Arati Limaye, Maen Abdelrahim, Cheryl Baker
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

754  Background: Selective or preferential protection of normal tissues is an attractive and potential approach to improve radiotherapy of cancer patients. Currently, we are using nanotechnology as a tool to intervene biological functions that may enhance the radiation treatment and provide a new approach in radioprotection for cancer patients. The efficacy of cancer radiotherapy is limited by normal-tissue injury in the radiation field. Although the use of precise radiation field sizes and accurate dose planning minimize these unwanted side effects, they still occur in a large percentage of treated patients. The side effects may be too severe and compromise optimal radiation dose delivery and significantly reduce the quality of life of patients.  Methods and Results: In preliminary studies, we have identified a radioprotective property of the nanoparticle, cerium oxide (also known as nanoceria). We have shown that nanoceria can render protection against chemical, biological and radiological insults on a variety of cultured cell lines. In the first study, rat astrocytes were treated with 10 Gy radiation in the presence or absence of nanoceria. The results showed that in the presence of the optimal biological dose of 10 nM nanoceria, the rat astrocytes were protected from radiation-induced cell death. In another set of experiments, human normal breast (CRL8798) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines were exposed to up to 5000 nM nanoceria as a single treatment. Interestingly, no nanoceria-induced cytotoxicity was observed. When 10 Gy radiation was administered as single therapy, radiation-induced cell death was observed in both the normal and cancer cell lines. However, when nanoceria was administered in combination with radiation, 10 nM nanoceria protected 99% of only the normal breast cells from radiation-induced cell death. In sharp contrast, human MCF-7 breast cancer cells exposed to the same doses of radiation combined with nanoceria were not protected from radiation-induced cell death.  Conclusion: These data suggest that cerium oxide nanoparticles are an effective radioprotectant for normal tissues. Cerium oxide nanoparticles can protect normal but not cancer cells from radiation-induced cell death which will lead to novel approaches for eliminating the undesirable side effects of radiation and will ultimately lead to better efficacy of radiation therapy for cancer patients.
SETTING UP A FAECAL MICROBIOTA TRANSPLANTATION SERVICE: A QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT
Authors: CL Murphy, J O’ Grady, A Moloney, S Cudmore, SA Zulquernain, F Shanahan
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Faecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) via colonoscopy is approved for use in patients with recurrent C. Difficile infection (rCDI). Rigorous donor screening is required to safeguard recipients from transmission of pathogens. Due to changes in EU legislation use of imported faecal matter for FMT was no longer feasible. To address local clinical FMT need, a QI project was undertaken to set up an FMT donor screening service and stool bank in a tertiary referral centre.
Publisher Correction: Clinical efficacy and biomarker analysis of neoadjuvant atezolizumab in operable urothelial carcinoma in the ABACUS trial
Authors: Thomas Powles, Mark Kockx, Alejo Rodriguez-Vida, Ignacio Duran, Simon J. Crabb, Michiel S. Van Der Heijden, Bernadett Szabados, Albert Font Pous, Gwenaelle Gravis, Urbano Anido Herranz, Andrew Protheroe, Alain Ravaud, Denis Maillet, Maria Jose Mendez, Cristina Suarez, Mark Linch, Aaron Prendergast, Pieter-Jan van Dam, Diana Stanoeva, Sofie Daelemans, Sanjeev Mariathasan, Joy S. Tea, Kelly Mousa, Romain Banchereau, Daniel Castellano
Journal: Nature Medicine (2020)
Acute Interstitial Nephritis Due to Drugs
Authors: Adam L. Linton, William F. Clark, Albert A. Driedger, D. Ian Turnbull, Robert M. Lindsay
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Abstract Acute interstitial nephritis due to drugs commonly presents as acute renal failure and may be commoner than is presently realized. Drugs implicated include not only methicillin and other p...
EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY OF COVERED SELF-EXPANDING METAL STENT IN BENIGN BILIARY STENOSIS DUE TO CHRONIC PANCREATITIS: OBSERVATIONAL RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: M Albert, C Huertas, M Hombrados, M Figa, E Fort, L Peries, L Gutierrez, B Oliveras, X Aldeguer
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims To analyze the technical, clinical success and the complications associated with the placement of cSEMS in benign biliary stenosis secondary to CP in our center.
Additive Manufacturing of a Point‐of‐Care “Polypill:” Fabrication of Concept Capsules of Complex Geometry with Bespoke Release against Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Beatriz C. Pereira, Abdullah Isreb, Mohammad Isreb, Robert T. Forbes, Enoche F. Oga, Mohamed A. Alhnan
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Polypharmacy is often needed for the management of cardiovascular diseases and is associated with poor adherence to treatment. Hence, highly flexible and adaptable systems are in high demand to accommodate complex therapeutic regimens. A novel design approach is employed to fabricate highly modular 3D printed “polypill” capsules with bespoke release patterns for multiple drugs. Complex structures are devised using combined fused deposition modeling 3D printing aligned with hot‐filling syringes. Two unibody highly modular capsule skeletons with four separate compartments are devised: i) concentric format: two external compartments for early release while two inner compartments for delayed release, or ii) parallel format: where nondissolving capsule shells with free‐pass corridors and dissolution rate‐limiting pores are used to achieve immediate and extended drug releases, respectively. Controlling drug release is achieved through digital manipulation of shell thickness in the concentric format or the size of the rate limiting pores in the parallel format. Target drug release profiles are achieved with variable orders and configurations, hence confirming the modular nature with capacity to accommodate therapeutics of different properties. Projection of the pharmacokinetic profile of this digital system capsules reveal how the developed approach can be applied in dose individualization and achieving multiple desired pharmacokinetic profiles.
Rhenium-188-HEDP therapy for the palliation of pain due to osseous metastases in lung cancer patients
Authors: H. Zhang, M. Tian, S. Tanada, K. Endo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

8223 Background: The debilitating pain that occurs in many patients with advanced malignancies is primarily produced by bone metastases.Control of cancer pain remains a challenge. Rhenium-188-hydroxyethylidine diphosphonate (188Re-HEDP) is a novel and attractive radiopharmaceutical that localizes in areas of osseous metastases and emits beta particles with energy sufficient to be therapeutically useful. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of 188Re-HEDP in patients with lung cancer for the palliation of painful osseous metastases. Methods: Intravenous administration of activities ranging between 1.15 GBq (31 mCi) and 4.6 GBq (124 mCi) of 188Re-HEDP was given to each of 30 patients with painful osseous metastases from lung cancer. The patients were clinically followed at weekly intervals for the first 2 months, and monthly thereafter up to 1 year. Hematologic testing was performed before treatment and thereafter for 6 weeks. Pain response was scored by a four-point pain-rating scale as complete, marked, mild, and no response. Results: Prompt and significant relief of bone pain occurred in 80% with no significant side-effects or hematopoietic toxicity. Forty-six percent (46%) of the patients discontinued analgesics after treatment. Conclusions: This clinical study indicated that 188Re-HEDP can offer significant pain palliation and is a useful radiopharmaceutical for treating painful osseous metastases from lung cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Biliary Stent Blockage with Bacterial Biofilm
Authors: Anthony G. Speer, Peter B. Cotton, Jurgen Rode, Allan M. Seddon, Christopher R. Neal, John Holton, J. William Costerton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Abstract Clogging of endoscopic stents necessitates their replacement in many patients with malignant obstructive jaundice and limits their use in benign strictures. We studied the basic mechanism ...
Pancreatic metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma with an intraductal growth pattern
Authors: Gemma Rossi, Maria Chiara Petrone, Marco Schiavo Lena, Claudio Doglioni, Nicolò Pecorelli, Massimo Falconi, Paolo Giorgio Arcidiacono
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is generally associated with excellent long-term outcome and survival [1] [2]. PTC recurrence is most common in regional cervical lymph nodes and only 5 % – 7 % of patients show a distant disease, most commonly in lung, bone, and brain [3].
CORRELATION BETWEEN THE SIZE OF OESOPHAGEAL VARICES AND THE APRI SCORE
Authors: FZ Hamdoun, H Abid, A Lamine, M Lahlali, N Lahmidani, MEl Yousfi, M Abkari, A Ibrahimi, DA Benajah
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims The objective of our study is to show the correlation between the size of oesophageal varices (OV) and the APRI score
<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>Pneumonia in the United States
Authors: PETER D. WALZER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Study of 194 patients with confirmed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the United States during a 3-year period showed that P. carinii pneumonia occurred almost exclusively in the immunosuppressed host who had a serious underlying disease. The epidemiologic features of Pneumocystis pneumonia primarily reflected those of the underlying disease. Identification of P. carinii was made antemortem in 81% of the cases, usually by biopsy or needle aspiration of the lung, procedures that were associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Laboratory identification of P. carinii was usually accurate, but there were errors from faulty staining technique. Most patients had been ill for less than 2 weeks with bilateral diffuse interstitial pneumonia. Leukopenia (leukocytes ≤ 3000/mm3) and probably severe hypoxia were negative prognostic factors. Although treatment with pentamidine was effective, it frequently caused adverse reactions—particularly, impaired renal function—when given with other nephrotoxic agents.
Bevacizumab for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Authors: Olivier L Chinot, Wolfgang Wick, Timothy Cloughesy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

To the Editor: We thank Dr Bagley for his comments on our article. We agree that a larger sample size would have been optimal; however, given that the predictors included in the models were not altogether independent of one another (eg, the cognitive measures have substantial intercorrelations), the number of truly independent factors tested was—to some degree—reduced. Nonetheless, as we acknowledged in the article,1 there is always a possibility that a study with negative findings is underpowered to detect a true effect. We did attempt to evaluate the degree to which our study was powered to detect effect sizes previously reported in the literature and noted this in the article. As with most studies, especially those reporting negative results, replication will be critical. In response to Dr Bagley’s question about Table 3 and odds ratios (ORs) reported in the article, he is correct in pointing out the error: instead of reporting the raising of e to the power of β, we reported β twice. The correct OR values for the respective predictors are as follows: age, 0.98; sex, 0.48; race, 0.95; mood type, 3.11; psychosis, 0.04; trauma history, 0.28; Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-version II total score, 0.99; Aggression Questionnaire, 0.99; Reason for Living Inventory total score, 0.98; 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, 0.90; Clinician-Administered Rating Scale for Mania, 1.02; Wide Range Achievement Test reading subscale, 0.93. We apologize for this error.