tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The delicate balance between <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i>, mucus and microbiota
Authors: Aralia Leon-Coria, Manish Kumar, Kris Chadee
Journal: Gut Microbes (2019)

Entamoeba histolytica (Eh) is a protozoan parasite of humans that colonizes the outer colonic mucus layer. Under conditions not fully understood, Eh breaches innate host defenses and invades the intestinal mucosa-causing amebic colitis and liver abscess. In asymptomatic infection, Eh interacts with and feeds on resident microbiota that forms biofilms on the outer colonic mucus layer. Despite the close association between Eh and commensal microbiota, we still lack basic knowledge on whether microbiota and/or their metabolites influence Eh virulence traits critical in disease pathogenesis. In the pathogenesis of intestinal amebiasis, Eh overcomes the protective mucus layer using a combination of mucinase/glycosidase and potent mucus secretagogue activity. In this addendum, we discuss the interconnected role of a healthy mucus barrier and the role commensal microbiota play in shaping innate host defense against Eh-induced pro-inflammatory and secretory responses critical in disease pathogenesis.
Caractéristiques endoscopiques et suivi des lésions festonnées chez des patients porteurs de maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin (MICI) comparés à des patients non atteints de MICI
Authors: W Lahlou, M Caulet, G Boschetti, S Nancey, A Aubourg, S Guyetant, L Picon, B Flourié, D Moussata
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Les polypes festonnés (PF) incluent les polypes hyperplasiques (HP), les adénomes festonnés sessiles (SSA) et les adénomes festonnés traditionnels (TSA). Les caractéristiques endoscopiques de ces lésions sont maintenant bien connues dans la population générale mais pas chez les patients ayant une maladie inflammatoire chronique de l'intestin (MICI).
A hospital cluster combined with a family cluster of avian influenza H7N9 infection in Anhui Province, China
Authors: Wenyan Zhang, Kefu Zhao, Jing Jin, Jun He, Wei Zhou, Jinju Wu, Renshu Tang, Wenbo Ma, Caiyu Ding, Wei Liu, Lei Zhang, Rongbao Gao
Journal: Journal of Infection (2019)

To identify human-to-human transmission of H7N9 avian influenza virus, we investigated a hospital cluster combined with family cluster in this study.We obtained and analyzed clinical, epidemiological and virological data from the three patients. RT-PCR, viral culture and sequencing were conducted for determination of causative pathogen.The index case presented developed pneumonia with fever after exposure to chicken in a poultry farm. Case A presented pneumonia with high fever on day 3 after she shared a hospital room with the index case. Case B, the father of the index case, presented pneumonia with high fever on day 15 after he took care of the index case. H7N9 virus circulated in the local farm to which the index case was exposed. Full genomic sequence of virus showed 99.8-100% identity shared between the index case and case A or case B. Compared to the earliest virus of Anhui, a total of 29 amino acid variation sites were observed in the 8 segments.A hospital cluster combined with family cluster of H7N9 avian influenza infection was identified. Air transmission resulted in the hospital cluster possibly. A poultry farm was the initially infectious source of the cluster.
USE OF CT IMAGING TO PREDICT SUCCESS OF ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND GUIDED GALLBLADDER DRAINAGE
Authors: T Jaswani, V Patel, M Perez-Miranda, P Yeaton
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Endoscopic ultrasound guided endoluminal gallbladder drainage is an evolving treatment for patients with gallbladder disease. The procedure is usually performed in patients medically unfit for surgery. Currently there are no predictive models to determine the likelihood of success of the procedure. Our study proposes a scoring system using CT imaging to determine eligibility for the procedure.
Higher ER load is not associated with better outcome in stage I-III breast cancer
Authors: I. Noordhoek, A.F. de Groot, D. Cohen, G.-J. Liefers, J.E.A. Portielje, J.R. Kroep
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

Background: In breast cancer, hormone receptor (HR) status is generally a qualitative measure; either positive or negative. Quantitative measurement of HRs has often been proposed as a prognostic and predictive marker in breast cancer, some guidelines even provide different treatment options for patients with strong versus weak expression. We aimed to evaluate quantitative HR load assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a prognostic and predictive marker for patients with stage 1-3 breast cancer. Methods: We reviewed all available literature on quantitative measurement of HRs by IHC, which is the international gold standard assay. Results: Combined, all included studies (n = 21) comprised a cohort of 31,146 patients. Overall, only 3 out of 19 studies found a clearly significant correlation between higher ER load and better disease outcome. Only 1 randomised trial examined quantitative ER as a prognostic marker and found no significant correlation between higher ER % and better overall survival. 4 studies addressed the predictive value of quantitative ER for response to endocrine therapy (ET) and they support no correlation between higher ER load and better response to ET. 10 studies examined quantitative PR load and only 2 of those found a significant correlation between higher PR load and better outcome. 2 randomised trials examined quantitative PR as a prognostic marker and both found no correlation between higher PR % and disease outcome. 2 studies addressed quantitative PR load as a predictive marker for response to ET, no clear correlation was found between higher PR load and better response to ET. Conclusions: There is no clear evidence for using quantitative ER and PR load assessed by IHC as a prognostic measure nor as a predictive marker for response to ET in patients with stage 1-3 breast cancer. Also, as there is no clear definition of weak and strong HR expression, and given the lack of evidence for prognostic and predictive value of quantitative ER and PR load as shown in this review, "stronger" HR expression should not be used to tailor treatment decisions for women with HR positive stage 1-3 breast cancer. We recommend only using a qualitative status for hormone receptor expression in future guidelines and treatment considerations. Legal entity responsible for the study: J.R. Kroep. Funding: Has not received any funding. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
INFLUENCE FACTORS ON CECAL INTUBATION RATE AS A QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT IN COLONOSCOPY
Authors: R Mateescu, F Ionita Radu, M Jinga, P Nuta, R Costache, B Macadon, M Patrasescu, A Popescu, V Balaban, R Calin, S Bucurica
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Colonoscopy is a common performed procedure in Gastroenterology, and it's widely used for diagnosis, treatment and surveillance of a wide range of conditions and symptoms. Properly performed, it's generally safe, more accurate than a virtual colonoscopy and well-tolerated by pacients. The completion of a colonoscopy is defined by cecal intubation with the visualization of colonic mucosa and distal terminal ileum when it's possible.
KRAS G12V Mutation in Acquired Resistance to Combined BRAF and MEK Inhibition in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Dwight H. Owen, Bhavana Konda, Jennifer Sipos, Tom Liu, Amy Webb, Matthew D. Ringel, Cynthia D. Timmers, Manisha H. Shah
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2019)

BRAF V600E mutations occur in approximately 40% of all patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and are associated with a worse prognosis in population studies. Treatment with single-agent BRAF inhibitors can result in nondurable partial responses (PRs) in clinical trials, but resistance inevitably develops. The mechanisms of resistance are not completely understood, but in non-thyroid tumors harboring BRAF V600E mutations, resistance has been ascribed to concurrent or acquired mutations in MEK1/2, RAC1, KRAS, and NRAS. This case report describes a patient with radioactive iodine-refractory metastatic PTC treated in a clinical trial with combination BRAF and MEK inhibition who achieved a durable PR. At time of progression, biopsy revealed an acquired KRAS G12V-activating mutation. The patient subsequently went on to have a PR to cabozantinib therapy in the clinical trial. This is the first reported case of an acquired KRAS-activating mutation that developed during treatment with BRAF and MEK inhibition in a patient with BRAF-mutated PTC. The KRAS mutation was also detected in peripheral blood samples taken as part of the trial, indicating that resistant mutations may be identified through noninvasive means. The identification of resistant mutations in patients at time of progression is necessary to identify possible therapeutic options including potential clinical trials.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01723202.
Noninvasive objective skin measurement methods for rosacea assessment: a systematic review
Authors: J.G.M. Logger, F.M.C. Vries, P.E J. Erp, E.M.G.J. Jong, M. Peppelman, R.J.B. Driessen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

Rosacea assessment and therapy monitoring can be challenging to standardize, as most clinical evaluation systems are prone to interobserver variability and not always validated. Therefore, objective, reliable and preferably noninvasive measurement tools are needed.To give insight into available noninvasive imaging techniques and biophysical methods in rosacea by performing a systematic review.PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science databases were searched until 1 September 2018 in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, to identify studies providing original data about objective noninvasive imaging and/or biophysical skin measurement techniques for diagnosis, assessing severity or therapy monitoring of adult patients with cutaneous facial rosacea. Risk of bias of included articles was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, Quality in Prognosis Studies tool, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.A total of 78 studies were included, describing 14 imaging and biophysical methods. Widespread information about (sub)surface cutaneous morphology and functionality was obtained. Methodological study quality was relatively low and interstudy outcome variability was large. Several tools show promising value in research settings: for treatment follow-up Demodex mites are countable with reflectance confocal microscopy, spectrometry can quantify erythema, and rosacea severity could be objectified with skin hydration- and transepidermal water loss measurements.This systematic review describes the spectrum of noninvasive imaging and biophysical methods in rosacea assessment, giving multifaceted information about structure and properties of rosacea skin, especially useful for research purposes. Larger studies with good methodological quality are needed to create validated protocols for further implementation into research. What's already known about this topic? Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a variety of clinical manifestations. Most clinical evaluation systems are subjective, not always validated, and subsurface skin processes remain unnoticed. Currently, different types of noninvasive measurement tools are available for rosacea assessment and therapy monitoring, but a comprehensive overview is lacking. What does this study add? Seventy-eight publications were included, describing 14 imaging and biophysical tools, providing a wide range of information about rosacea skin morphology and functionality. Reflectance confocal microscopy and spectrometry are especially promising in therapy monitoring and skin barrier measurements for rosacea severity assessment. Larger studies with better methodological quality are needed to create validated protocols for implementation into research.
Hepatic Angiomyolipoma Having FDG Uptake at the Similar Level of the Normal Liver Parenchyma
Authors: Xuezhu Wang, Jingnan Wang, Xin Cheng, Fang Li, Li Huo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Abstract A middle-aged woman underwent a contrast CT to evaluate a palpable upper abdominal mass. The images showed large lesion in the left lobe of the liver, and malignancy was among differential diagnoses. For this reason, FDG PET/CT was performed. Surprisingly, the level of FDG uptake by the large hepatic lesion was similar to the normal part of the liver. Pathological examination demonstrated hepatic angiomyolipoma.
Abstract 18656: Impact of Sex on the Relationship Between Progression of Aortic Valve Calcification and Hemodynamic Severity of Aortic Stenosis: Results From the PROGRESSA Study
Authors: Lionel Tastet, Romain Capoulade, Mylène Shen, Marine Clisson, Marie Arsenault, Élisabeth Bédard, Éric Larose, Philippe Pibarot, Marie-Annick Clavel
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: There is a lack of data on the relationship between aortic valve calcification (AVC) progression and aortic stenosis (AS) hemodynamic progression and the effect of sex on this relatio...
Résection des lésions appendiculaires par voie endoscopique: résultats en fonction de l'extension dans l'appendice et de la technique choisie
Authors: B Oung, A Lupu, J Rivory, J Jacques, R Legros, M Pioche
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

La Dissection Sous Muqueuse (DSM) des lésions appendiculaires reste un défi même pour les endoscopistes experts, en raison de la difficulté d'évaluer l'extension intra-appendiculaire et du risque élevé de perforation et d'appendicite aigue (1). Une seule étude japonaise a montré la faisabilité et la sécurité de DSM pour des lésions à proximité de l'appendice (2) mais aucune résection ne concernait les lésions avec extension profonde dans l'appendice (type 3 de Toyonaga). Nous présentons ici une série de résections, selon différentes modalités, de lésions appendiculaires qui permet l'analyse de l'efficacité et la sécurité.
Association of Increased Safe Household Firearm Storage With Firearm Suicide and Unintentional Death Among US Youths
Authors: Michael C. Monuteaux, Deborah Azrael, Matthew Miller
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2019)

Firearm injury is the second leading cause of death in the United States for children and young adults. The risk of unintentional and self-inflicted firearm injury is lower when all household firearms are stored locked.To estimate the reduction in youth firearm suicide and unintentional firearm mortality that would result if more adults in households with youth stored household guns locked.A modeling study using Monte Carlo simulation of youth firearm suicide and unintentional firearm mortality in 2015. A simulated US national sample of firearm-owning households where youth reside was derived using nationally representative rates of firearm ownership and storage and population data from the US Census to test a hypothetical intervention, safe storage of firearms in the home, on youth accidental death and suicide. Data analyses were performed from August 3, 2017, to January 9, 2018.Observed and counterfactual household-level safe firearm storage (ie, storing all firearms locked), the latter estimated by varying the probability that a hypothetical intervention increased safe firearm storage beyond that observed in 2015.Observed and counterfactual counts of firearm suicide and unintentional firearm mortality among youth aged 0 to 19 years, the latter estimated by incorporating an empirically based estimate of the mortality benefit expected from additional safe storage (beyond that observed in 2015).A hypothetical intervention among firearm owners residing with children with a 20% probability of motivating these owners to lock all household firearms was significantly associated with a projected reduction in youth firearm mortality (median incidence rate ratio = 0.90; interquartile range, 0.87-0.93). In the overall model, 6% to 32% of deaths were estimated to be preventable depending on the probability of motivating safer storage.Results of this modeling study suggest that a relatively modest uptake of a straightforward safe storage recommendation-lock all household firearms-could result in meaningful reductions in firearm suicide and unintentional firearm fatalities among youth. Approaches that will motivate additional parents to store firearms safely are needed.
Re: Peter K.-F. Chiu, Chi-Fai Ng, Axel Semjonow, et al. A Multicentre Evaluation of the Role of the Prostate Health Index (PHI) in Regions with Differing Prevalence of Prostate Cancer: Adjustment of PHI Reference Ranges is Needed for European and Asian Settings. Eur Urol 2019;75:558–61
Authors: Isabel Heidegger, Renate Pichler
Journal: European Urology (2019)
Case 16-2019: A 53-Year-Old Man with Cough and Eosinophilia
Authors: Rachel P. Simmons, David M. Dudzinski, Jo-Anne O. Shepard, Rocio M. Hurtado, K.C. Coffey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

A 53-year-old man with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy was evaluated for cough that had developed 3 months earlier, shortly after he had returned from extensive international travel. Laboratory evaluation revealed an absolute eosinophil count of 3800 to 4550 per cubic millimeter. Additional diagnostic tests were performed.
STAGING ESOPHAGEAL AND JUNCTIONAL CANCER: IS EUS AN ACCURATE TOOL IN T2 N0 PATIENTS?
Authors: G de Nucci, MC Petrone, G Rossi, E Asti, G Manes, L Bonavina, PG Arcidiacono
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. Staging of EC is performed with computed tomography (CT), endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and (FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET). Patients can be managed in different ways, and this is influenced by the lymphnode (N)-stage of disease. Compared to surgical pathology, EUS has 85% accuracy in staging tumor depth and only about 75% accuracy in staging regional N metastases. Diagnosing clinical T2N0M0 cancers is the most challenging because an error in staging, changes the treatment. The aim of this study is to report a single high volume center's experience in this subset of patients combined with the experience of a high volume thoracic surgery center.
Abstract 3619: Role of MTDH in estrogen-regulated gene expression
Authors: Xiangbing Meng, Yujun Li, Jesus Gonzalez Bosquet, shujie yang, Kristina W. Thiel, Kimberly K. Leslie
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Disruption of estrogen signaling is widely associated with the development of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. As a multifunctional mediator of carcinogenesis, metadherin (MTDH)/AEG-1 overexpression has been associated with numerous types of cancers, with reported roles in tumor initiation, proliferation, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance. At the molecular level, MTDH has been shown to interact with proteins that drive tumorigenesis, including NF-κB, PLZF, BCCIPα and SND1. Through analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets for ER-positive endometrial and breast cancers, we found that over 25% of all gene expression correlated with MTDH. Using Affymetrix microarrays, we characterized the differences in gene expression between estrogen-treated parental and MTDH-deficient endometrial and breast cancer cells. We also explored a possible interaction between MTDH and ER by immunoprecipitation and found that MTDH and ER associated in both breast and endometrial cancer cells in response to estrogen. Reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that acute estrogen stimulation promoted the interaction of MTDH with ER in the nucleus. These data suggest that MTDH and ERα interact in the nucleus with estrogen treatment, and MTDH/ER co-regulated genes may have functions in drug resistance, metastasis and tumor progression. Citation Format: Xiangbing Meng, Yujun Li, Jesus Gonzalez Bosquet, shujie yang, Kristina W. Thiel, Kimberly K. Leslie. Role of MTDH in estrogen-regulated gene expression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3619. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3619
The contribution of joint and skin improvements to the health-related quality of life of patients with psoriatic arthritis: a post hoc analysis of two randomised controlled studies
Authors: Arthur Kavanaugh, Alice Gottlieb, Akimichi Morita, Joseph F Merola, Chen-Yen Lin, Julie Birt, Catherine L Shuler, Matthew M Hufford, Diamant Thaçi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

Determine the contribution of joint and skin improvements to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).SPIRIT-P1 and SPIRIT-P2 are phase 3 trials investigating ixekizumab, an interleukin-17A antagonist, in the treatment of patients with active PsA. Patients were randomised to ixekizumab or placebo. Outcomes included the Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA), the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), the European Quality of Life-Five Dimensions (EQ-5D) Visual Analogue Score (VAS), the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) Questionnaire. The contribution of joint and skin improvements to HRQoL was modelled using a smoothing spline method and depicted with response surface graphics.In this integrated analysis, 402 patients with PsA had baseline psoriasis of ≥3% of body surface area. We applied response surface modelling to this patient data set to investigate the relationship between DAPSA, PASI and HRQoL improvements at week 24. The greatest improvement in EQ-5D VAS was associated with the largest per cent improvements in both DAPSA and PASI together, rather than DAPSA or PASI alone. Similar observations were made in domains of SF-36 and WPAI.Optimal improvements in patients' HRQoL were dependent on successful treatment of both joint and skin symptoms.