tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of Deep Learning to Predict Final Ischemic Stroke Lesions From Initial Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Yannan Yu, Yuan Xie, Thoralf Thamm, Enhao Gong, Jiahong Ouyang, Charles Huang, Soren Christensen, Michael P. Marks, Maarten G. Lansberg, Gregory W. Albers, Greg Zaharchuk
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Predicting infarct size and location is important for decision-making and prognosis in patients with acute stroke. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine whether a deep learning model can predict final infarct lesions using magnetic resonance images (MRIs) acquired at initial presentation (baseline) and to compare the model with current clinical prediction methods. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> In this multicenter prognostic study, a specific type of neural network for image segmentation (U-net) was trained, validated, and tested using patients from the Imaging Collaterals in Acute Stroke (iCAS) study from April 14, 2014, to April 15, 2018, and the Diffusion Weighted Imaging Evaluation for Understanding Stroke Evolution Study–2 (DEFUSE-2) study from July 14, 2008, to September 17, 2011 (reported in October 2012). Patients underwent baseline perfusion-weighted and diffusion-weighted imaging and MRI at 3 to 7 days after baseline. Patients were grouped into unknown, minimal, partial, and major reperfusion status based on 24-hour imaging results. Baseline images acquired at presentation were inputs, and the final true infarct lesion at 3 to 7 days was considered the ground truth for the model. The model calculated the probability of infarction for every voxel, which can be thresholded to produce a prediction. Data were analyzed from July 1, 2018, to March 7, 2019. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Area under the curve, Dice score coefficient (DSC) (a metric from 0-1 indicating the extent of overlap between the prediction and the ground truth; a DSC of ≥0.5 represents significant overlap), and volume error. Current clinical methods were compared with model performance in subgroups of patients with minimal or major reperfusion. <h3>Results</h3> Among the 182 patients included in the model (97 women [53.3%]; mean [SD] age, 65 [16] years), the deep learning model achieved a median area under the curve of 0.92 (interquartile range [IQR], 0.87-0.96), DSC of 0.53 (IQR, 0.31-0.68), and volume error of 9 (IQR, −14 to 29) mL. In subgroups with minimal (DSC, 0.58 [IQR, 0.31-0.67] vs 0.55 [IQR, 0.40-0.65];<i>P</i> = .37) or major (DSC, 0.48 [IQR, 0.29-0.65] vs 0.45 [IQR, 0.15-0.54];<i>P</i> = .002) reperfusion for which comparison with existing clinical methods was possible, the deep learning model had comparable or better performance. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The deep learning model appears to have successfully predicted infarct lesions from baseline imaging without reperfusion information and achieved comparable performance to existing clinical methods. Predicting the subacute infarct lesion may help clinicians prepare for decompression treatment and aid in patient selection for neuroprotective clinical trials.
新生児環状切除のためのリングブロック、背側陰茎神経ブロックおよび表面麻酔の比較 無作為化試験 | 文献情報 | J-GLOBAL 科学技術総合リンクセンター
Authors: Lander J, Brady-Fryer B, Metcalfe J B, Nazarali S, Muttitt S
Journal: JAMA (1997)
Predictors of palliative care (PC) referral for advanced cancer patients.
Authors: Kimberson Tanco, David Hui, Sun Hyun Kim, Jung Hye Kwon, Tao Zhang, Jung Hun Kang, Wadih Rhondali, Gary B. Chisholm, Maxine De la Cruz, Meghan Sri Karuturi, Eduardo Bruera
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e19613 Background: We previously examined factors associated with delayed PC referral. Little is known about the actual proportion of patients referred to PC. We determined the proportion of patients who had a PC consultation at our cancer center and the predictors of referral. Methods: All adult patients in the Houston area who died of advanced cancer between 9/1/2009 and 2/28/2010 while under the care of our institution were included. We collected baseline demographics and data on PC referral. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with PC referral. Results: 386/912 (42%) decedents had a PC referral, and 179 (46%) were seen initially as outpatients. In multivariate analysis, PC referral was associated with younger age (odds ratio (OR) 0.98 per year; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97-0.99; P&lt;0.001), married status (OR 1.5; 1.1-2.0; P=0.005), and gynecologic cancer (OR 1.9, 1.1-3.5, P=0.02 relative to lung). Among patients with a PC referral, outpatient consultation was more likely among patients with head and neck cancer (OR=5.5, 1.7-17.6, P=0.004 relative to lung). In contrast, hematologic malignancy was associated with decreased PC referral (OR=0.59, 0.36-0.97, P=0.04), fewer outpatient PC consultations (OR=0.3, 0.1-0.7, P=0.01) and less time from referral to death (Table). Conclusions: Younger, married patients and those with gynecologic cancer were more like to be referred to palliative care. Head and neck cancer patients were more often seen as PC outpatients. Patients with hematologic malignancies had fewer PC referrals and often late in the disease trajectory compared to patients with solid tumors. [Table: see text]
IMPACT OF CHANGE IN PULMONARY ARTERY PULSATILITY INDEX ON ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY AFTER PERCUTANEOUS MITRAL VALVE REPAIR
Authors: Heajung L. Nguyen, Parntip Chertboonmuang, Eric Yang, Gabriel Vorobiof, Ali Nsair, Olcay Aksoy, Marcella Calfon-Press, Rushi Parikh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Association of Family Member Detention or Deportation With Latino or Latina Adolescents’ Later Risks of Suicidal Ideation, Alcohol Use, and Externalizing Problems
Authors: Kathleen M. Roche, Rebecca M. B. White, Sharon F. Lambert, John Schulenberg, Esther J. Calzada, Gabriel P. Kuperminc, Todd D. Little
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

Policy changes since early 2017 have resulted in a substantial expansion of Latino or Latina immigrants prioritized for deportation and detention. Professional organizations, including the American Academy of Pediatrics, American Medical Association, and Society for Research in Child Development, have raised concerns about the potentially irreversible mental health effects of deportations and detentions on Latino or Latina youths.To examine how family member detention or deportation is associated with Latino or Latina adolescents' later mental health problems and risk behaviors.Survey data were collected between February 14 and April 26, 2018, and between September 17, 2018, and January 13, 2019, and at a 6-month follow-up from 547 Latino or Latina adolescents who were randomly selected from grade and sex strata in middle schools in a suburban Atlanta, Georgia, school district. Prospective data were analyzed using multivariable, multivariate logistic models within a structural equation modeling framework. Models examined how family member detention or deportation within the prior 12 months was associated with later changes in suicidal ideation, alcohol use, and clinical externalizing symptoms, controlling for initial mental health and risk behaviors.Past-year family member detention or deportation.Follow-up reports of suicidal ideation in the past 6 months, alcohol use since the prior survey, and clinical level of externalizing symptoms in the past 6 months.A total of 547 adolescents (303 girls; mean [SD] age, 12.8 [1.0] years) participated in this prospective survey. Response rates were 65.2% (547 of 839) among contacted parents and 95.3% (547 of 574) among contacted adolescents whose parents provided permission. The 6-month follow-up retention rate was 81.5% (446 of 547). A total of 136 adolescents (24.9%) had a family member detained or deported in the prior year. Family member detention or deportation was associated with higher odds of suicidal ideation (38 of 136 [27.9%] vs 66 of 411 [16.1%]; adjusted odds ratio, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.06-5.29), alcohol use (25 of 136 [18.4%] vs 30 of 411 [7.3%]; adjusted odds ratio, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.26-7.04), and clinical externalizing behaviors (31 of 136 [22.8%] vs 47 of 411 [11.4%]; adjusted odds ratio, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.11-6.84) at follow-up, controlling for baseline variables.This study suggests that recent immigration policy changes may be associated with critical outcomes jeopardizing the health of Latino or Latina adolescents. Since 95% of US Latino or Latina adolescents are citizens, compromised mental health and risk behavior tied to family member detention or deportation raises concerns regarding the association of current immigration policies with the mental health of Latino and Latina adolescents in the United States.
Health-related quality of life after heart surgery – Identification of high-risk patients: A cohort study
Authors: Nora K Schaal, Alexander Assmann, Jenny Rosendahl, Wolfgang Mayer-Berger, Andrea Icks, Sebastian Ullrich, Artur Lichtenberg, Payam Akhyari, Martin Heil, Jürgen Ennker, Alexander Albert
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2020)
CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as a statistically significant marker of disease recurrence and survival in transitional cell carcinoma patients
Authors: P. Sharma, E. Sato, D. Bajorin, Y. Shen, S. Wen, V. Reuter, A. Jungbluth, S. Gnjatic, L. Old
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

4544 Background: Superficial transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is an immune-responsive tumor evidenced by immunotherapy trials with BCG demonstrating improved survival. In contrast, more advanced muscle-invasive TCC is not considered an immunologically active tumor. Yet, host immune functions that may have a clinical impact on the biologic activity of these more invasive tumors have not been systemically evaluated. CD8 + T-cells are responsible for cytotoxicity and potential tumor eradication by interaction with antigen plus human leukocyte antigens (HLA). A clear association between intratumoral CD8 + T-cells and clinical outcome has not been established in TCC. Methods: We performed pathological, immunohistochemical and RT-PCR analyses of 69 TCC patient samples that were obtained with appropriate informed consent on an Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved protocol. The samples were studied for pathological stage, tumor-associated antigen expression, class I HLA expression, and CD8 + intratumoral T-cells. Systemic CD8 + T-cells from one patient with positive CD8 + intratumoral T-cells were studied by tetramer analyses for reactivity against the NY-ESO-1 tumor antigen expressed on the patient’s tumor. Results: In a subset analysis, advanced TCC (pT2, pT3 and pT4) patients who had higher numbers of CD8 + tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) had a greater disease-free survival (p = 0.0002) and overall survival (p = 0.011) than similarly staged TCC patients with lower numbers of CD8 + TILs. In the multivariate analyses, CD8 + TILs (p = 0.04) and tumor stage (p &lt; 0.001) were significant risk factors to predict overall survival. Furthermore, a CD8 + T-cell clone derived from one patient demonstrated strong recognition of the tumor antigen NY-ESO-1. Conclusions: This is the first report, to our knowledge, that CD8 + TILs is an important prognostic indicator for patients with advanced TCC. Investigational immunotherapy strategies to evoke CD8 + T-cell responses are warranted in patients with advanced TCC. [Table: see text]
Treatment of mantle cell lymphoma in Asia: a consensus paper from the Asian Lymphoma Study Group
Authors: Dok Hyun Yoon, Junning Cao, Tsai-Yun Chen, Koji Izutsu, Seok Jin Kim, Yok Lam Kwong, Tong Yu Lin, Lim Soon Thye, Bing Xu, Deok Hwan Yang, Won Seog Kim
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2020)

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a B cell malignancy that can be aggressive and with a poor prognosis; the clinical course is heterogeneous. The epidemiology of MCL in Asia is not well documented but appears to comprise 2-6% of all lymphoma cases based on available data, with variation observed between countries. Although international guidelines are available for the treatment of MCL, there is a lack of published data or guidance on the clinical characteristics and management of MCL in patient populations from Asia. This paper aims to review the available treatment and, where clinical gaps exist, provide expert consensus from the Asian Lymphoma Study Group (ALSG) on appropriate MCL management in Asia. BODY: Management strategies for MCL are patient- and disease stage-specific and aim to achieve balance between efficacy outcomes and toxicity. For asymptomatic patients with clearly indolent disease, observation may be an appropriate strategy. For stage I/II disease, following international guidelines is appropriate, which include either a short course of conventional chemotherapy followed by consolidated radiotherapy, less aggressive chemotherapy regimens, or a combination of these approaches. For advanced disease, the approach is based on the age and fitness of the patient. For young, fit patients, the current practice for induction therapy differs across Asia, with cytarabine having an important role in this setting. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may be justified in selected patients because of the high relapse risk. In elderly patients, specific chemoimmunotherapy regimens available in each country/region are a treatment option. For maintenance therapy after first-line treatment, the choice of approach should be individualized, with cost being an important consideration within Asia. For relapsed/refractory disease, ibrutinib should be considered as well as other follow-on compounds, if available. Asian patient-specific data for the treatment of MCL are lacking, and the availability of treatment options differs between country/region within Asia. Therefore, there is no clear one-size-fits-all approach and further investigation on the most appropriate sequence of treatment that should be considered for this heterogeneous disease.
Early switch with aromatase inhibitors as adjuvant hormonal therapy for postmenopausal breast cancer: Pooled-analysis of 8,794 patients
Authors: M. Ciccarese, E. Bria, D. Giannarelli, F. Cuppone, C. Nuzzo, C. Nistico’, E. Terzoli, F. Cognetti, P. Carlini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

635 Background: The magnitude of the survival benefit of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) after 2–3 years of tamoxifen as adjuvant hormonal therapy for early breast cancer is still unclear. We performed a pooled-analysis of phase III trials, to look how much advantages adjuvant the “early switch” strategy add over standard tamoxifen for 5 years. Methods: All phase III trials were considered eligible. A pooled analysis was accomplished, and event-based relative risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were derived. Significant differences in primary outcome (EFS and RFS, event- and relapse-free survival), and secondary outcomes (OS, overall survival, deaths in absence of progression, other cancers and toxicities), were explored. Magnitude outcome measures were: absolute benefits (AB) and number of patients needed to treat (NNT). Heterogeneity test was applied as well. Results: Four trials designed to look if AIs after 2–3 yrs of TAM improve EFS (8794 patients) were gathered. Conclusions: Considered all the available phase III trials, the early switch strategy improves survival over standard tamoxifen for 5 years, with a different toxicity profile. The lack of significant heterogeneity in the analysis underscores the homogenous effect across all trials. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
ELAMIPRETIDE IN PATIENTS WITH BARTH SYNDROME: A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL FOLLOWED BY 36-WEEK OPEN-LABEL EXTENSION
Authors: Reid Thompson, Ryan Manuel, Anthony Aiudi, John J. Jones, Jim Carr, Brittany Hornby, Hilary Vernon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Single-cell profiling reveals an endothelium-mediated immunomodulatory pathway in the eye choroid
Authors: Guillermo L. Lehmann, Christin Hanke-Gogokhia, Yang Hu, Rohan Bareja, Zelda Salfati, Michael Ginsberg, Daniel J. Nolan, Santiago P. Mendez-Huergo, Tomas Dalotto-Moreno, Alexandre Wojcinski, Francisca Ochoa, Shemin Zeng, Juan P. Cerliani, Lampros Panagis, Patrick J. Zager, Robert F. Mullins, Shuntaro Ogura, Gerard A. Lutty, Jakyung Bang, Jonathan H. Zippin, Carmelo Romano, Gabriel A. Rabinovich, Olivier Elemento, Alexandra L. Joyner, Shahin Rafii, Enrique Rodriguez-Boulan, Ignacio Benedicto
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)

The activity and survival of retinal photoreceptors depend on support functions performed by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and on oxygen and nutrients delivered by blood vessels in the underlying choroid. By combining single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing, we categorized mouse RPE/choroid cell types and characterized the tissue-specific transcriptomic features of choroidal endothelial cells. We found that choroidal endothelium adjacent to the RPE expresses high levels of Indian Hedgehog and identified its downstream target as stromal GLI1+ mesenchymal stem cell-like cells. In vivo genetic impairment of Hedgehog signaling induced significant loss of choroidal mast cells, as well as an altered inflammatory response and exacerbated visual function defects after retinal damage. Our studies reveal the cellular and molecular landscape of adult RPE/choroid and uncover a Hedgehog-regulated choroidal immunomodulatory signaling circuit. These results open new avenues for the study and treatment of retinal vascular diseases and choroid-related inflammatory blinding disorders.
EFFECT OF HIGH INTENSITY TRAINING ON CARDIAC ALLOGRAFT VASCULOPATHY ASSESSED WITH OPTICAL COHORENCE TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Muzammil Rafique, Bjørn Bendz, Jouke Dijkstra, Lars Gullestad, Niels Ramsing Holm, Omeed Neghabat, Kari Nytrøen, Katrine Rolid, Ole Geir Solberg, Ketil Lunde
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Delaying metastatic disease progression in locally advanced disease − Results from the Early Prostate Cancer program at a median follow-up of 7.4 years
Authors: M. P. Wirth, W. A. See, D. G. McLeod, P. Iversen, T. Morris, J. Armstrong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

4629 Background: Progression of prostate cancer to bone metastases impacts seriously on patients (pts)’ quality of life and increases treatment costs. The 3rd analysis of the Early Prostate Cancer (EPC) program revealed that bicalutamide (CASODEX) 150 mg plus standard care (radiotherapy [RT], radical prostatectomy [RP] or watchful waiting [WW]) significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) vs standard care alone in locally advanced disease. Adjuvant bicalutamide 150 mg also improved overall survival for RT pts with locally advanced disease. Here, we report an exploratory analysis of the effect of bicalutamide on delaying bone metastases in pts with locally advanced disease in the EPC program. Methods: The EPC program comprises 3 trials in which pts (n = 8113) were randomized to standard care plus bicalutamide 150 mg or placebo. This exploratory analysis included only pts with locally advanced disease (T3–4, any N; or any T, N+; bicalutamide n = 1367, placebo n = 1315). Distant metastases were assessed by bone scan. Metastatic PFS was defined as time from randomization to either first bone scan-confirmed progression or death in the absence of bone-scan data. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for the WW and adjuvant subgroups; each was analyzed separately with covariates for trial, treatment, prior therapy, baseline prostate-specific antigen level, and tumor grade. Results: At 7.4 years’ median follow-up, bicalutamide significantly improved metastatic PFS vs placebo (hazard ratio [HR] 0.64, p &lt; 0.001 for WW; HR 0.77, p = 0.005 for RT/RP; table). The most common adverse events were gynecomastia and breast pain. Conclusion: Addition of bicalutamide 150 mg to standard care significantly reduced the risk of distant metastases in locally advanced prostate cancer, irrespective of standard care. Both the efficacy and tolerability of treatment must be considered, and therefore, bicalutamide is an option for men with locally advanced prostate cancer. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
FOLLOW-UP OUTCOMES OF CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSION PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT PRIOR CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT SURGERY: INSIGHTS FROM THE PROGRESS-CTO REGISTRY
Authors: Ilias Nikolakopoulos, Dimitrios Karmpaliotis, James Choi, Jaikirshan Khatri, Anthony Doing, Philip Dattilo, Nidal Abi Rafeh, Assaad Maalouf, Fadi Abou Jaoudeh, Hector Tamez Aguilar, Alpesh Shah, Jeffrey Moses, Nicholas J. Lembo, Ajay Kirtane, Manish Parikh, Ziad Ali, Michael Megaly, Evangelia Vemmou, Iosif Xenogiannis, Bavana Rangan, Shuaib Abdullah, Subhash Banerjee, Santiago Garcia, M. Nicholas Burke, Emmanouil Brilakis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
UTILIZATION AND OUTCOMES OF CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION IN PATIENTS ADMITTED WITH NON ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION
Authors: Olakanmi O. Olagoke, Karol Quelal, Emmanuel Akintoye, Chineme Nwaichi, Rotimi Iriagbonse, Yasmeen Golzar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Initial Investigation of Transmission of COVID-19 Among Crew Members During Quarantine of a Cruise Ship — Yokohama, Japan, February 2020
Authors: Kensaku Kakimoto, Hajime Kamiya, Takuya Yamagishi, Tamano Matsui, Motoi Suzuki, Takaji Wakita
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 among passengers and crew on a cruise ship led to quarantine of approximately 3,700 passengers and crew that began on February 3, 2020, and lasted for nearly 4 weeks at the Port of Yokohama, Japan (1).By February 9, 20 cases had occurred among the ship's crew members.By the end of quarantine, approximately 700 cases of COVID-19 had been laboratory-confirmed among passengers and crew.This report describes findings from the initial phase of the cruise ship investigation into COVID-19 cases among crew members during February 4-12, 2020.On February 1, a laboratory-confirmed case of COVID-19 was identified in a passenger who had developed symptoms on January 23 and disembarked on January 25, before the ship arrived in Yokohama.Another passenger with a laboratoryconfirmed case of COVID-19 had developed symptoms on January 22 and was on the ship when it arrived in Yokohama on February 3.All symptomatic passengers were tested upon arrival in Yokohama, and those with positive results were disembarked February 4 and 5.The index patient for this outbreak could not be determined.On February 5, passengers remaining on the ship were requested to observe 14-day quarantine in their cabins.Approximately two thirds of the persons on board were passengers staying in cabins located on decks 5-12.The remainder (N = 1,068) were crew members, >80% of whose cabins were on decks 2-4.Crew members remained on board the ship at all times and had not disembarked during port calls.After quarantine began, crew members continued to perform their regular duties, delivered meals to passengers, and remained in their cabins when they were not working; symptomatic crew members were required to remain in their cabins.Because the first detected cases occurred among passengers who became symptomatic on January 22 and 23, COVID-19 was likely transmitted first from passengers to crew members and subsequently spread among the crew, especially among food service workers.The first case detected in a crew member occurred in a food service worker who developed fever on February 2. A real-time polymerase chain reaction test performed by the Yokohama quarantine office laboratory was positive for SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19, and the crew member was permitted to disembark in Yokohama * Testing for COVID-19 was conducted for crew members who sought medical attention.