tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human papillomavirus infection in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma is associated with better outcomes with immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment.
Authors: Luis Leonardo Rojas Puentes, Alejandro Ruiz-Patiño, Diana Carolina Mayorga Gonzalez, July Katherine Rodríguez, Jenny Mireya Ávila Coy, Melissa Andrea Bravo Espinosa, Zyanya Lucía Zatarain-Barron, Oscar Arrieta, Feliciano Barron Barron, Hernan Carranza, Jorge Miguel Otero, Carlos Alberto Vargas, Pilar Archila, Diana Carolina Sotelo Rodríguez, Claudio Marcelo Martin, Luis Eduardo Pino, Christian Diego Rolfo, Rafael Rosell, Andres Felipe Cardona Zorrilla, Gonzalo Recondo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e21569 Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is associated with the development of several primary tumors. Recent studies have shown that HPV-positive tumors tend to be sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), owing to the presence of xenobiotic genomes in cancer cells. The objective of this study was to explore this relationship in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma treated in a reference center in Bogota, Colombia was conducted. Demographic as well as treatment variables were collected between January 2018 and December 2019. Besides clinical outcomes, HPV infection status was determined by PCR amplification and reverse line hybridization directly on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples. Statistical analyses included stratified survival analysis based on HPV status and response. Results: A total of 133 patients were included. Male predominance (51.1%) with Karnofsky performance scores (KPS) greater than 80, and 19% of prior cigarette exposure (26 patients) was identified in the cohort. HPV positivity was identified in 25.6% of patients (33 cases, [95%CI 17.5-32.2%]), in addition to 29.8% EGFR mutation positivity (29 cases [[95%CI 14.8-28.8%]), 6% ALK positivity (8 cases [95%CI 1.9-10]) and positive PD-L1 expression in 49 samples (36.8% [95%CI 28.6-45%]). In immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) exposed patients, HPV+ patients had significantly higher PD-L1 expression compared with HPV- individuals (p &lt; 0.001). In terms of overall survival, ICI treated patients achieved an OS of 27.1 months (95%CI 22.1-NA) and a PFS of 19.4 months (95%CI 18-24.5 months). HPV infection status was associated with prolonged OS (median OS not reached, [95%CI 27.7 months – no reached], p = 0.0089) and better response to ICI (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: HPV infection is prevalent in patients with lung adenocarcinoma and is associated with better response to ICIs as well as better survival outcomes. Its identification could serve as a prognostic marker, especially in female non-smoker patients.
Research progress on relationship between metabolic syndrome and colorectal cancer
Authors: Miao Sun, Bo Jiang
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a group of conditions with insulin resistance as the core, including obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Studies have found that MS is closely related to the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer, although the mechanism is not fully clear. This article reviews the recent research progress on the relationship between MS and colorectal cancer, which may be relevant to the prevention, early detection and prognosis evaluation of colorectal cancer.


Key words: 
Metabolic syndrome X; Colorectal Neoplasms; Obesity
内窥镜术后内直肌离断一例
Authors: 代秀玉, 姜鹏飞, 卓旭英
Journal: BMJ (2010)

患者女,52岁,3个月前因筛窦炎行内窥镜鼻内筛窦开放术,术后出现严重复视,于2008年7月21日以右眼内直肌离断收住我院眼科.眼科检查:国际标准视力表测定双眼裸眼视力1.0;头位:面右转;眼位:33 cm角膜映光法检查示左眼注视,右眼-45°,右眼不能注视;眼球运动:右眼内转不能过中线;牵拉试验:右眼内直肌主动收缩、被动牵拉(-),外直肌主动收缩(+),被动牵拉(-)。
Sudden death of an infant with thymicolymphaticus induced by local drug application for small area scald
Authors: Rongrong Zhang, Hui Lyu
Journal: BMJ (2019)

报道1例男性、22月龄，因左脚小面积开水烫伤，局部用药2 min后出现休克症状，10 min心跳、呼吸停止，尸体解剖检查：胸腺明显增大、心脏偏小、双侧肾上腺萎缩，符合胸腺淋巴体质猝死。
Underutilization of low-dose computed tomography in a high-risk population.
Authors: Sara Ashraf, Venu Madhav Konala, Mohammad Ali Syed Jafri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e14145 Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States, contributing to one-quarter of all cancer-related deaths. State statistics reveal per capita that Kentucky has the highest incidence and mortality rate for lung cancer. One would assume that in a community setting in Kentucky, the rate of utility of low dose Computed Tomography (CT) and detection of lung cancer would be high. Methods: We did a retrospective analysis of Low Dose Computed Tomography (CT) for lung cancer screening based on the United States Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines from 2017-2019 at a community hospital in Ashland, Kentucky. Charts were reviewed to analyze the number of patients who received screening, total number of patients diagnosed with lung cancer, and how many patients could have received screening based on the guidelines. We also analyzed how many are alive and those that are deceased. Results: Our analysis showed that a total of 175 patients were diagnosed with lung cancer at the hospital in 3 years. Out of these, 118 had qualified for screening (67%) based on USPSTF guidelines. Only seven patients received screening (5.9%). All seven patients who received screening are currently alive. Forty-eight patients (41%) are now deceased that could have had the screening but did not. Conclusions: Low dose screening CT is being underutilized in the community setting with high incidence and mortality from lung cancer. The mortality rate is high likely from the late detection of the tumor. Implementation of guidelines to the general population for lung cancer screening will require systems to facilitate identifying eligible patients. It also involves training of physicians with information that should be delivered during the shared decision-making conversation. We also suggest low dose screening CT to be included in global quality pay for performance program for primary care providers which includes screening for breast and cervical cancer as well as smoking cessation.
The genes CNV features in the tumor cells in patients with ovarian serous adenocarcinoma.
Authors: Marieta R. Tsandekova, Natalya V. Porkhanova, Oleg Ivanovich Kit, Denis S. Kutilin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e13641 Background: Serous adenocarcinoma is the most common subtype of ovarian cancer. Early diagnosis of this disease can significantly improve the prognosis. Development of more effective methods for early diagnosis and identification of more reliable markers require understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the malignant behavior of ovarian epithelial cells. The aim of the study was to analyze the copy number variation (CNV) of genes that regulate apoptosis, DNA repair, cell proliferation, metabolism and estrogen reception in tumor and normal ovarian cells. Methods: For the study, we used tissue sections from FFPE blocks of 65 patients with serous ovarian adenocarcinoma diagnosis. Tumor and normal ovarian epithelial cells were isolated using laser microdissection with non-contact capture (Palm MicroBeam, Carl Zeiss). DNA was extracted from cells using the phenol-chloroform method. CNV of 33 genes (BRAF, KRAS, EGFR, PIK3CA, PTEN, TP53, BRCA1, BRCA2, PRKCI, NOTCH1, AKT1, BAX, CASP7, CASP3, CASP8, CASP9, MDM2, BCL2, CYP1A1, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1A2, CYP1A2, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1, ESR2, GPER, STS, SULT1A, SULT1E1, OCT4, SOX2, C-MYC, SOX18, SCNN1A) were determined by Real-Time qPCR method (reference B2M, GAPDH). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. For cluster analysis (Hierarchical Clustering, Euclidean distance) scripts in R were used. Results: A statistically significant (p &lt; 0.005) increase in the CNV of PTEN, MDM2, SOX2, CYP1B1, ESR1, and SULT1E1 by 2.0, 2.0, 1.8, 2.5, 3.0 and 2.0 times, respectively, was found, as well as a 2.0-fold decrease in the CNV of CASP3 and CASP8 in tumor cells relatively to normal ones. Cluster analysis allowed us to distinguish 2 groups of serous adenocarcinoma samples that differed in gene CNV (p &lt; 0.005): in group 1 (n = 40), the copy number of the SOX2, MDM2, ESR1, CYP1B1 and SULT1E1 genes was increased and the copy number of the TP53 and BRCA2 genes was reduced, in group 2 (n = 25), copy number of PTEN, PIK3CA, BCL2 was increased and copy number of BAX, CASP3 and CASP8 was lower. Conclusions: CNV analysis revealed the most characteristic markers of ovarian serous adenocarcinoma cells. Based on the differential CNV, 2 molecular subtypes of serous adenocarcinoma were distinguished.
Factors influencing quality of life in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes in community
Authors: Jing Tang, Qi Yang, Xiao Li, Wenwen Wu, Deng Niu, Pengli Ding, Zhiwen Liu, Wenrong Xu, Liuhui Xu
Journal: BMJ (2018)

A survey on the quality of life of diabetic patients was conducted in Shanghai Changqiao community in August 2017. Total 1 002 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) aged ≥60 years were randomly selected to participant in this face-to-face questionnaire survey, 967 participants completed the survey with a effective rate of 96.5%. The Anxiety Self-Rating Scale and Diabetes-Specific Quality of Life Scale (A-DQOL) were applied for evaluation. The results showed that up to 48.9% (473/967) participants had an anxiety state. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that the educational level was the main influencing factor of A-DQOL (P<0.05). The educational level and fasting blood glucose were the influencing factors of satisfaction degree and impacting degree score; educational level, treatment mode and BMI were the influencing factors of grade Ⅰ anxiety; age and educational level were the influencing factors of grade Ⅱ anxiety (all P<0.05). The survey demonstrates that age, educational level, treatment, fasting blood glucose and BMI would affect the quality of life of elderly T2DM patients.


Key words: 
Community health services; ≥60 years; Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Quality of life; Questionnaires
Effects of short-term insulin pump intensive treatment on tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in new type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Xiao-feng Lv, Kun Fang
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Sixty three new type 2 diabetes(T2DM)mellitus were treated with insulin pump for 2 weeks.Free insulins,fasting plasma slucose,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin(IL)-6 level and other parameters were measured before and after insulin treatment.HOMA-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)and β-cell function(HOMA-β)were compared.After 2 weeks insulin intensive treatment, TNF-α and IL-6 level were significant lower(P<0.01).HOMA-IR and HOMA.B were signifiant improved (P<0.01).TNF-α and IL-6 levels were positively associated with tlle body mess index and HOMA.IR (P<0.01).TNF-α,IL-6 and HOMA-IR could be significanly improved by short-term insulin pump intensive treatment in new T2DM patients with severe hyperglycemia.

Key words: 
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; Diabetes mellims,type 2
糖皮质激素在皮肤科的临床用途
Authors: 刘全忠
Journal: BMJ (2007)

激素是一种很重要的药物,但曾经被滥用.近年来又出现了相反现象,患者拒用激素的情况越来越多,以至于影响到正常治疗,延误病情、甚至危及生命的情况时有发生.因此,全科医生对糖皮质激素应有全面的掌握,患者也应有正确的认识。
老年人失眠原因的中西医分析
Authors: 张向阳, 王琳, 彭净
Journal: BMJ (2007)

失眠通常指患者对睡眠时间和质量不满意并影响白天社会功能的一种主观体验.按临床表现分类:①睡眠潜伏期长:入睡时间超过30 min;②睡眠维持:夜间觉醒次数超过2次或凌晨早醒;③睡眠质量差:多噩梦;④睡眠时间短:总的睡眠时间少于6 h;⑤日间残留效应:次晨感到头昏、精神不振、嗜睡、乏力等.病程大于6个月的慢性失眠非常普遍,50～80岁老年人以失眠为主诉的更是日益增多,给身体及心理造成极大的痛苦。
Effects of conductive education on comprehensive capacity for children with spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Bei-hua Zhang, Qing Du, Xiao-yan Yang, Xuan Zhou, Jia-ni Lu, Xin-jia Shen, Shan-zhong Yan, Zhen Xiao
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Objective
To evaluate the effects of conductive education on comprehensive capacity for children with spastic cerebral palsy.


Methods
Select 75 children with spastic cerebral palsy from all children who saw the doctor from January 2011 to December 2012 in Yangzhi hospital Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center, and randomly divide them into three groups, study group (n=25), control group one (n=25) and control group two (n=25). The study group was on the basis of conventional rehabilitation increasing conductive education, control group one was given conventional treatment and control group two was given a one-time family rehabilitation guidance. We did the assessment both before and after six-month treatment by Gross Motor Function Scale (GMFM-66), fine Motor Function Scale (FMFM) and Functional Independence Scale (WeeFIM) for Children.


Results
Gross motor function improved after treatment in three groups. There were statistical differences (study group, t=19.271, P 0.05). After treatment, gross motor function, fine motor function and daily life independent capacity of study group were all better than two control groups. And the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01).


Conclusion
The combination of conventional rehabilitation and conductive education may be more effective in improving overall efficacy for children with spastic cerebral palsy.


Key words: 
Cerebral palsy; Patient education; Treatment outcome
A phase III randomized trial of pleurectomy/decortication plus chemotherapy with or without adjuvant hemithoracic intensity-modulated pleural radiation therapy (IMPRINT) for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) (NRG LU-006).
Authors: Andreas Rimner, Marjorie Glass Zauderer, Ellen Yorke, Charles B. Simone, Ritu R. Gill, K Ranh Voong, Tobias Peikert, Ming Sound Tsao, Zuofeng Li, Valerie W. Rusch, Jeffrey Bradley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

TPS9079 Background: Pleurectomy/Decortication (P/D) with neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy has become a common lung-sparing surgical approach for MPM. Adjuvant hemithoracic IMPRINT was developed at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and safe in a multi-institutional phase II study, with promising survival outcomes. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) sponsored this phase III randomized cooperative group trial to test the efficacy of this lung-sparing trimodality approach for resectable MPM. Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed MPM amenable to P/D are enrolled and undergo P/D followed by adjuvant platinum/pemetrexed (preferred) or neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by P/D. Patients are stratified by histologic subtype, resection status (R0/1 vs. R2), and center patient volume (≤10 vs. &gt; 10 P/Ds per year). Within 8 weeks after completion of the second modality patients are randomized 1:1 to undergo hemithoracic IMPRINT vs. no further therapy. All IMPRINT contours and treatment plans will be centrally reviewed. A contouring atlas and treatment planning constraints for target structures and organs at risk including acceptable and unacceptable variations and deviations were developed. Photon and proton therapy are permitted. The primary endpoint of the study is overall survival. Secondary endpoints include local failure-free, distant-metastases-free and progression-free survival, treatment-related toxicities (CTCAE v5.0) and change in quality-of-life (EORTC QLQ-C30 mean score changes at 9 months post randomization). The target accrual is 150 patients. This study was activated on January 29, 2020. Over 20 institutions have already committed to opening the study which is open to all National Clinical Trials Network (NCTN) sites. Treatment planning guidelines and helpful hints for photon and proton therapy will be presented. Conclusions: NRG LU-006 (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04158141 ) is open to accrual. This is the first NRG Oncology randomized phase III trial on MPM and evaluates the use of IMPRINT following lung-sparing P/D and chemotherapy. This project was supported by grants U10CA180868 (NRG Oncology Operations), U10CA180822 (NRG Oncology SDMC), U24CA180803 (IROC) from the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Clinical trial information: NCT04158141.
Klinefelter syndrome with osteoporosis or hyperglycemia as the first symptoms in middle-old aged patients
Authors: Mei Lin, Feifei Guo, Xuan Wei, Yali Hou, Chundi Deng, Manli Hu, Yu Zhang, Xuan Qiu
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Klinefelter综合征是最常见的男性性染色体异常和先天性性腺发育不良的病因，多在青春期因第二性征发育不良或者生育期不育而被诊断。本研究回顾分析我院收治的4例男性中老年时期以骨代谢或糖代谢异常为首发症状的Klinefelter综合征患者临床资料。
Organ specificity dictates tumor immune infiltration and composition in metastatic breast cancer; lessons from a rapid autopsy tissue collection study.
Authors: Colt Egelston, Weihua Guo, Eliza Bacon, Kena Ihle, Diana L Simons, Christian Avalos, Jiayi Tan, Jian Ye, Lei Wang, Min Hui Lim, Zhen Han, Robert Zhang, Shawn T Solomon, Mary Nwangwu, Dan Schmolze, Peter P. Lee, James Ross Waisman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

1032 Background: Immune composition in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of patient tumors has proven to play a central role in the propensity of tumors to metastasize and respond to therapy. Evidence has suggested that the metastatic TME is immune aberrant, however limited sample size and numbers has made assessment of the immune TME in the development of multi-organ metastases difficult. Here we utilize a rapid autopsy tissue collection protocol to assess the infiltration and composition of the immune TME in numerous metastatic tissue sites, paired disease-free tissue sites, and the associated tissue draining lymph nodes. Methods: Post-mortem tissues were collected from six metastatic breast cancer patients shortly after death through City of Hope’s “Legacy Project for Rapid Tissue Donation” Program. The average post mortem interval (PMI) for tissue collection was 6 hours. Collected specimens include metastatic lesions and paired non-cancer samples from every cancer-involved organ, disease-free specimens from non-involved major organs, distant and tumor-draining lymph nodes (both cancer-infiltrated and disease free), as well as blood. Immediately following collection, specimens were processed into single cell suspension for flow cytometry. Over 80 immune cell phenotypes were assessed, including CD8+ and CD4+ T cell subsets, B cell subsets, natural killer (NK) cells, tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), dendritic cell subsets, and other cells. Results: Tumor infiltrated tissues were found to have comparable immune cell densities and composition compared to paired disease-free tissues of the same organ type. However, immune cell densities in metastatic tissues and disease-free tissues were significantly different between organ types, with lung immune infiltration consistently being greater than liver tissues. Differences in immune composition between tissue sites were also observed. Notably, liver tissues favored the presence of central memory CD8+ T cells, while lung tissues favored the presence of CD8+ tissue resident memory T cells. Relative to disease-free lung tissues, tumor infiltrated lungs contained diminished frequencies of CD8+ tissue resident memory T cells and altered B cell phenotypes. Conclusions: These data suggest that immune monitoring and trafficking of metastatic tissues site is dictated by organ type, which can be altered in composition by tumor infiltration. Further studies such as these may reveal organ-specific mechanisms of response to therapeutic interventions.
原发性硬化性胆管炎合并布-加综合征及巨淋巴结增生症一例
Authors: 刘真
Journal: BMJ (2007)

患者男,54岁,汉族.因发现左侧腮部及颈部肿块2年,于2002年3月13日入院.无发热及局部红、肿、热、痛及破溃等症状,多次在私人门诊就诊,给予抗生素静脉滴注治疗,效果欠佳.入院后颈部B超检查示:双侧腮腺内多发占位(淋巴结?)伴左侧颈部淋巴结肿大。
不同剂量谷胱甘肽对老年髋关节置换手术患者血浆心肌肌钙蛋白I水平的影响
Authors: 刘海林, 张阳, 钱燕宁
Journal: BMJ (2012)

对择期行髋关节置换手术老年患者,经颈内静脉输注不同剂量谷胱甘肽,观察术前及骨水泥置入后12 h内血浆心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ水平变化.结果显示,谷胱甘肽可呈剂量依赖性的减轻髋关节置换手术老年患者心肌损伤。
Clinical relevance of miR-143 expression in ER-positive breast cancer patients.
Authors: Yoshihisa Tokumaru, Masanori Oshi, Eriko Katsuta, Nobuhisa Matsuhashi, Manabu Futamura, Kazuhiro Yoshida, Kazuaki Takabe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e12574 Background: MicroRNA-143(miR-143) is a well-known tumor suppressive microRNA in various malignancies, including breast cancer. Recently, the tumor immune microenvironment has been reported to associate with progression of breast cancers. However, the association with the tumor immune microenvironment and miR-143 in breast cancers remains ambiguous. Given these backgrounds, we hypothesized that high expression of miR-143 is associated with favorable effect to the tumor immune microenvironment which leads to better survival of ER positive breast cancer patients. Methods: Two major publicly available breast cancer cohorts were used for this study. A total of 753 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and total of 1283 patients from Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) were used. Results: We defined the higher quartile of miR-143 expression levels as high and the remainder as low expression groups. There was no significant difference in patient clinicopathlogical features between two groups. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that miR-143 high expression tumors enriched Helper T cell type 1 (Th1) related gene sets indicating the upregulation of anti-cancer immune cells. Also, the cell composition of anti-cancer immune cells, such as Th1 and Macrophage M1 were higher with miR-143 high tumors (p &lt; 0.001 and p &lt; 0.01 respectively) in whole group. On the contrary, pro-cancer immune cells such as Th2 and M1 were lower with miR-143 high tumors (p &lt; 0.01 and p &lt; 0.001 respectively) in whole group. Interestingly, among the subtypes, we found that ER positive subgroup followed this trend of high infiltration rate of anti-cancer immune cells and low infiltration rate of pro-cancer immune cells. Furthermore, only ER positive subgroup demonstrated the survival benefit with miR-143 high expression tumors. Conclusions: We demonstrated that high expression of miR-143 in ER breast cancer associate with favorable tumor immune microenvironment, upregulation of the anti-cancer immune cells and suppression of the pro-cancer immune cells, and associate with better survival of the breast cancer patients.