tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is it time to consider prophylactic appendectomy in patients with serrated polyposis syndrome undergoing surveillance?
Authors: Owen McKay, Neal Shahidi, Sunil Gupta, W Arnout van Hattem, Toufic El-Khoury, Michael J Bourke
Journal: Gut (2020)

Universal colorectal cancer (CRC) screening and minimally invasive endoscopic resection techniques are transforming serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) management. However, serrated lesions of the appendix (SLAs) are an emerging concern. The prevalence and clinical ramifications of SLAs are likely understated due to the historical role of surgery. Covert intra-appendiceal lesions are surprisingly common but cannot be detected endoscopically nor surveyed. Of those with extension into the caecum, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) all have intrinsic limitations in this location. Herein we discuss the potential role for prophylactic appendectomy in patients with SPS.

Although SPS is now in the purview of the endoscopist, SLAs remain a challenge from two perspectives: (1) covert lesions which cannot be detected nor surveyed; (2) endoscopic management limitations in this location. As a true diverticulum, the appendix shares the histological layers of the colon with an average length and diameter of 8 cm and 8 mm, respectively. Assuming a cylindrical shape, it reflects 7% of the surface area of the right colon (online supplementary figure 1).1–3 However, due to its narrow calibre the appendiceal lumen cannot be evaluated. Thus, the patient remains at risk for covert disease progression and ultimately interval CRC. In a retrospective analysis of 34 patients with SPS who underwent surgery, SLAs were identified incidentally in 68%, with 26% having advanced histopathology.4

### Supplementary data

[gutjnl-2020-321445supp001.pdf]

The relevance of these findings has been understated in existing SPS cohorts. Until recently, universal CRC screening has not been the international standard. Consequently, many patients with SPS are not detected by screening but present with CRC or CRC is detected at the time of …
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided angiotherapy in bleeding gastrointestinal stromal tumors with coil deployment and cyanoacrylate injection
Authors: Rafael Romero-Castro, Victoria Alejandra Jimenez-Garcia, Atsushi Irisawa, Pedro Hergueta-Delgado, Antonio Garrido-Serrano, Reyes Aparcero-Lopez, Angel Caunedo-Alvarez
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Hemorrhage is the most frequent (30 – 40 %) and dangerous complication of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), with surgery being the treatment of choice and emergency surgery having a significantly higher risk than elective procedures [1]. Conventional endoscopic treatment of tumoral lesions is challenging and efficacy limited because of the complex neoangiogenesis of these lesions, which are beyond the reach of endoscopic contact procedures [2]. Cases of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided therapy of bleeding GISTs with injection of cyanoacrylate (CYA) [3] [4] or ethanol [5] have been published. To the best of our knowledge, EUS-guided coil deployment has not been reported in this setting. We present two cases of bleeding GISTs successfully treated with EUS-guided combined coil deployment and further injection of CYA targeting the feeding artery ([Video 1]).
Can self-imposed prevention measures mitigate the COVID-19 epidemic?
Authors: Lei Zhang, Yusha Tao, Mingwang Shen, Christopher K. Fairley, Yuming Guo
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2020)

Yuming Guo and colleagues discuss the research by Teslya et al that highlights the importance of personal preventative measures in avoiding a second wave of the COVID-19 epidemic.
Abstract 12273: Clinical Impact of Decongestion With Hemoconcentration During Treatment of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure on Prognosis: Acute Heart Failure Registry in Osaka Rosai Hospital (AURORA) Study
Authors: Akihiro Tanaka, Masami Nishino, HItoshi Nakamura, Yutaka Matsuhiro, Keisuke Yasumura, Kouji Yasumoto, Yasuharu Matsunaga, Daisuke Nakamura, Masamichi Yano, Yasuyuki Egami, Ryu Shutta, Jun Tanouchi
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Hemoconcentration (HC) has been proposed as surrogate for decongestion among patients with hospitalized acute heart failure (AHF), but the definition of HC has become controversial and ...
AB0055 SOLUBLE TREM-1 LEVELS IN FAMILIAL MEDITERRANEAN FEVER RELATED AA-AMYLOIDOSIS
Authors: S. Ugurlu, B. H. Egeli, I. M. Bolayirli, H. Ozdogan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is a monocyte and neutrophil receptor functioning in innate immunity. TREM-1 produces proinflammatory cytokines and serves for neutrophil degranulation. TREM-1 activity is well known in the pathogenesis of sepsis; hence it can be also present in autoinflammatory diseases such as the most common monogenic one, Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF). Objectives: The objective of this study is to measure soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) activity in severe FMF cases complicated with systemic AA-Amyloidosis. Methods: The cohort of the study includes regularly followed FMF related AA-Amyloidosis patients in a tertiary center outpatient rheumatology clinic. Soluble TREM-1 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, demographic data, renal function tests, acute phase reactants, and medical prescription history was also noted and analyzed. None of the FMF diagnosed patients had an attack during the collection of the blood samples. Results: The patients were categorized into 4 groups: FMF related AA-Amyloidosis patients (A(+) FMF(+)), FMF unrelated AA-Amyloidosis (FMF(-) A(+)), FMF patients without Amyloidosis diagnosis (FMF(+) A (-)), and healthy controls (HC). The mean ages, TREM-1, C - reactive protein (CRP), and Creatinine levels of each group are shown in Table 1. TREM-1 levels were found to be significantly higher in A(+) FMF(+) group than FMF(+) A (-), and healthy control groups (p= 0.001 and 0.002). Nevertheless, this difference was not found in between A(+) FMF(+) and FMF(-) A(+) (p= 0.447). In addition, the TREM-1 levels of FMF(+) A (-), and healthy control groups were not different (0.532). In A(+) FMF(+) group, 36 patients used colchicine with the mean dose of 1.9±0.8 mg/day, 14 patients used anakinra, and 9 patients used canakinumab. In FMF(+) A (-) group all 20 patients used colchicine with the mean dose of 2.8±0.9 mg/day, 1 patient used anakinra, and 2 patients used canakinumab. Table 1. Clinical Features of Patients and TREM-1 levels A(+) FMF(+ ) (n= 42 ) FMF(-) A(+ ) (n=5 ) FMF(+) A (-) (n=20 ) HC (n=20 ) Age 43.9±12.9 54.8±19 35.3±9.64 35.4±6.57 TREM-1 735.3±566.5 1247.1±1349.2 414.3±142.3 439.2±104.6 CRP 11.1±14.2 51.3±98.3 25.8±54 1.8±1.7 Creatinine 1.6±1.8 3.28±4.17 0.7±0.15 0.7±0.15 Conclusion: In conclusion, TREM-1 is a proinflammatory marker found significantly high in AA-amyloidosis patients regardless of their FMF diagnosis. TREM-1 may be useful in AA-amyloidosis follow-up and early diagnosis since currently there is a deficit of an early diagnostic marker of amyloidosis. This study is a cross-sectional one so it is hard to reach a conclusion on the effectiveness of TREM-1 during regular FMF follow-up for the secondary prevention of amyloidosis. However, the sensitivity of TREM-1 as a marker cannot be denied in amyloidosis. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
A PHYSICALLY DEMANDING JOB MAY AMPLIFY THE EFFECT OF DISEASE ACTIVITY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SYNDESMOPHYTES IN PATIENTS WITH AS
Authors: S. Ramiro, A. van Tubergen, R. Landewe, A. Boonen, C. Stolwijk, M. Dougados, F. van den Bosch, D. van der Heijde
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)
Surveillance of European Domestic Pig Populations Identifies an Emerging Reservoir of Potentially Zoonotic Swine Influenza A Viruses
Authors: Dinah Henritzi, Philipp Peter Petric, Nicola Sarah Lewis, Annika Graaf, Alberto Pessia, Elke Starick, Angele Breithaupt, Günter Strebelow, Christine Luttermann, Larissa Mareike Kristin Parker, Charlotte Schröder, Bärbel Hammerschmidt, Georg Herrler, Elisabeth große Beilage, Daniel Stadlbauer, Viviana Simon, Florian Krammer, Silke Wacheck, Stefan Pesch, Martin Schwemmle, Martin Beer, Timm Clemens Harder
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2020)
Narrow excision margins are appropriate for Merkel cell carcinoma when combined with adjuvant radiation: Analysis of 188 cases of localized disease and proposed management algorithm
Authors: Erica S. Tarabadkar, Teresa Fu, Kristina Lachance, Daniel S. Hippe, Thomas Pulliam, Hannah Thomas, Janet Y. Li, Christopher W. Lewis, Coley Doolittle-Amieva, David R. Byrd, Jeremy T. Kampp, Upendra Parvathaneni, Paul Nghiem
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Abstract 16235: Exercise-Induced Disproportionate Elevation of Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Pressure vs Pulmonary Artery Diastolic Pressure is Associated With Exercise Intolerance After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Michinari Hieda, Shinji Yasuno, Noritoshi Nagaya, Hiroshi Takaki, Yoichi Goto
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Although pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) or pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PADP) has been used as a surrogate for left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), it r...
Mobile health technology combats COVID-19 in China
Authors: Jieyu Wu, Xiaowei Xie, Le Yang, Xingyan Xu, Yingying Cai, Tinggui Wang, Xiaoxu Xie
Journal: Journal of Infection (2020)

China empowers mobile health technologies to fight against COVID-19 pandemic. The success of mobile health here may be a useful reference for other parts of the world. We explore China's application of mobile health technologies to replenishing traditional public-health and social approaches for mitigating and suppressing COVID-19, and found that Internet hospitals alleviate the unavailability, inaccessibility, and inequity of health services during the outbreak; the fact-check and information-release platforms reduce the spread of misinformation; and the infection risk scoring systems facilitate restoring the order of production and life.
APOBEC3-dependent kataegis and TREX1-driven chromothripsis during telomere crisis
Authors: John Maciejowski, Aikaterini Chatzipli, Alexandra Dananberg, Kevan Chu, Eleonore Toufektchan, Leszek J. Klimczak, Dmitry A. Gordenin, Peter J. Campbell, Titia de Lange
Journal: Nature Genetics (2020)
Effects of hyperthermia and mild hypothermia on myocardial function in pigs: comparison to dobutamine
Authors: A.A. Alogna, M. Wuenscher, M. Schwarzl, B. Zirngast, J. Verderber, D. Zweiker, P. Steendijk, H. Maechler, B. Pieske, H. Post
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2015)
Radio and chemosensitization by a novel DNA-PK inhibitor (NU7441) in colon cancer
Authors: Yan Zhao, Michael Batey, Huw Thomas, Graeme C. Smith, David R. Newell, Nicola J. Curtin
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

4999  Enzyme-mediated repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is a major mechanism of resistance to both ionizing radiation (IR) and drugs that cause DSBs as intermediates in repair processes. The major DNA DSB repair pathway in eukaryotes is nonhomologous end joining. An important component in this repair pathway is the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), whose catalytic subunit is a member of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K)-related protein kinase (PIKK) family of enzymes. DNA-PK deficient cells are hypersensitive to IR and some DNA-damaging anticancer drugs, and inhibition of DNA-PK therefore represents a potential strategy for radio- and chemo-sensitization. NU7441 is a competitive and highly selective inhibitor of DNA-PK (IC 50 = 14 nM). The cellular specificity of NU7441 for DNA-PK was studied in V3 and V3-YAC cells, deficient and proficient in DNA-PK respectively. V3 cells were inherently more sensitive to IR and etoposide than V3-YAC cells and NU7441 increased the cytotoxicity of IR and etoposide in V3-YAC cells but not in V3 cells, confirming that DNA-PKcs is the cellular target of NU7441. Exposure of human colon cancer cell lines; SW620 and LoVo, to 1 μM NU7441 alone for 16 hr did not affect cell survival but did significantly enhance the cytotoxicity of IR, doxorubicin and etoposide. Survival of SW620 cells exposed to etoposide (1 μM), in combination with 1 μM NU7441 gave a dose modification ratio of 5. Similarly, NU7441 caused a 2.3 fold enhancement of doxorubicin (100 nM) and 7.3 fold of IR (5 Gy) cytotoxicity in SW620 cells. In LoVo cells the dose modification ratio of etoposide(1 μM), doxorubicin(100 nM) and IR (5 Gy) was 2.1, 10 and 5.5 fold respectively. NU7441 alone had no effect on cell cycle distribution, but accumulation in G2/M induced by exposure to IR (2 Gy) or the topoisomerase II poisons, doxorubicin (10 nM) or etoposide (0.1 μM) was increased 1.2 to 2 fold by NU7441 in SW620 cells. In vivo anti tumor efficacy studies indicate that inhibition of DNA-PK can enhance the effect of etoposide against SW620 tumour xenografts. Tumor growth delay following treatment with etoposide alone (10 mg/kg i.p. daily x5) to a RTV4 was 8 days and for etoposide plus NU7441 (10 mg/kg i.p daily x 5) was 11 days, representing a 60% enhancement of etoposide efficacy. NU7441 alone did not cause any measurable toxicity (max body weight loss = 4%) and only caused a marginal enhancement of etoposide toxicity ( max body weight loss = 12%). These experiments demonstrate that the cellular effects of NU7441 are specific for DNA-PKcs. Furthermore, at non cytotoxic concentrations in vitro and non toxic doses in vivo this compound is a potent chemo- and radiosensitizer in models of human colon cancer.
Dictyostelium discoideum, a novel system for cancer research
Authors: Xiaoxin Susan Xu, Gan Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

781  Genomic DNA is constantly being damaged by both environmental and endogenous factors. DNA repair plays an important role in maintaining genetic integrity. Deficiency in DNA repair has been linked to many human diseases including cancer. Understanding the molecular mechanism on how the DNA repair deficiency lead to the disease development is important for the disease prevention and treatment. However, due to the complexity of repair pathways in human cells, it is difficult to determine the specific roles of individual DNA repair proteins in the disease development process. Therefore, simpler model systems that can represent the human counterpart will be greatly appreciated. D. discoideum provides an ideal system to study many important functions of the mammalian systems such as development and cell differentiation, signal transduction and cell cycle regulation. D. discoideum carries many genes that exhibit greater homology to human genes than those found in other model systems. Its short life cycle shares many developmental processes with mammalian cells. In addition, D. discoideum is resistant to many DNA damaging agent, such as ionizing radiation and Cisplatin, the cancer chemotherapeutic drug. Several DNA repair genes, including the Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) genes XPB (repB) and XPD (repD), and the Base Excision Repair (BER) genes, AP endonuclease and UDP-glycosylase, have been cloned from the D. discoideum. However, none of the Mismatch Repair (MMR) genes, which play a critical role in the prevention of many types of cancer, especially for hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) and prostate cancer, have been investigated. Recently, we have cloned two major human homologue repair genes in the MMR pathway (Msh2 and Mlh1) from this model system. Sequencing analyses indicate that these two genes have 40% identity and 55% similarity to their human counterparts. This work allows us to study the processes involved in modulating the initiation phase of carcinogenesis and in modulating genetic stability/instability, both of which are relevant to the processes involved in tumor progression. In addition, this work will allow us to identify the roles that the MMR proteins play in the cancer cell drug resistance and provide a model system to screen new therapeutic drugs and environmental agents that cause DNA damage.
Abstract 14588: The Prognostic Value of the NAFLD Fibrosis Score on Outcomes in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: An Analysis of the TOPCAT Study
Authors: Anupam A Kumar, Stuart Prenner, Stacey Prenner, Julio A Chirinos
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: The impact of liver disease on survival in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has been limited to studies with small numbers of patients. Non-alcohol...
Examining Public Trust in Categorical versus Comprehensive Triage Criteria
Authors: Jon Rueda, Ivar R. Hannikainen, Joaquín Hortal-Carmona, David Rodriguez-Arias
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2020)

This article refers to:Ethical Challenges Arising in the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Overview from the Association of Bioethics Program Directors (ABPD) Task ForceEliminating Categorical Exclusion Criteria in Crisis Standards of Care Frameworks
PTSD Treatments for Veterans—Reply
Authors: Maria M. Steenkamp, Brett T. Litz, Charles R. Marmar
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Activated STAT3 due to SOCS-1 methylation contributes to breast tumorigenesis
Authors: Satoru Iida, Tsuyoshi Nakagawa, Takayuki Osanai, Hiroyuki Uetake, Kenichi Sugihara
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

418  The signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are latent cytoplasmic proteins that are activated to participate in gene control by phosphorylation on a single tyrosine which results from activation of the Janus kinase (JAK) when cells encounter various extracellular cytokine, growth factor and hormones. Tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT proteins induces dimmer formation, followed by translocation to the nucleus, where they bind to specific DNA response elements in target gene promoters and thereby regulate gene expression. Seven types of STAT proteins have been identified so far; STATs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5A, 5B and 6. A growing number of tumor-derived cell lines and samples from human cancers are reported to contain constitutively activated STAT proteins, very frequently STAT3. Some target genes of STAT3 include those encoding the antiapoptotic proteins, the proliferation-associated proteins, and the proangiogenic factor. STAT3 was proposed to be an oncogene, based on evidence that a constitutively dimerized/active form of STAT3 transformed immortalized mouse and rat fibroblasts and bestowed upon these cells the ability to grow into tumors in nude mice. In addition, it has been recently reported that the expression of tyrosine-phosporylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) is associated with poor prognosis in head and neck cancer and lymphoma. In our study, we investigated expression of the p-STAT3 in primary breast cancer by immunohistochemistry and analyzed the relation between p-STAT3 expression and clinicopathological and molecular features of breast cancer. It was reported that the suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1), which was identified as a protein involved in a negative feedback loop for STAT pathway, is silenced by CpG island methylation. Therefore, we also investigated methylation status of SOCS-1 and analyzed the relation between p-STAT3 and SOCS-1 methylation status. P-STAT3 was overexpressed in 39 of 74 breast cancers. There was no significant correlation the p-STAT3 expression and clinicopathological features including age, tumor size, histology, lymph node metastasis. However, the p-STAT3 expression showed a significant correlation with VEGF-C (p=0.0015), although there was no significant correlation between p-STAT3 and the other molecular findings such as hormone receptors and HER2. Next, we investigated methylatin status of SOCS-1 in 57 breast cancers available for DNA. SOCS-1 methylation was detected in 25 of 57 cases. There was a significant correlation between SOCS-1 methylation and p-STAT3 expression. Our results suggest that STAT3 signalings may be one of the major pathways that contribute to tumorigenesis in breast cancer.
Nonlinear Optics with Near-Infrared Excitation Enable Real-Time Quantitative Diagnosis of Human Cervical Cancers
Authors: Takahiro Matsui, Ryo Tamoto, Akio Iwasa, Masafumi Mimura, Seiji Taniguchi, Tetsuo Hasegawa, Takao Sudo, Hiroki Mizuno, Junichi Kikuta, Ichiro Onoyama, Kaoru Okugawa, Mayu Shiomi, Shinya Matsuzaki, Eiichi Morii, Tadashi Kimura, Kiyoko Kato, Yasujiro Kiyota, Masaru Ishii
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Histopathologic analysis through biopsy has been one of the most useful methods for the assessment of malignant neoplasms. However, some aspects of the analysis such as invasiveness, evaluation range, and turnaround time from biopsy to report could be improved. Here, we report a novel method for visualizing human cervical tissue three-dimensionally, without biopsy, fixation, or staining, and with sufficient quality for histologic diagnosis. Near-infrared excitation and nonlinear optics were employed to visualize unstained human epithelial tissues of the cervix uteri by constructing images with third-harmonic generation (THG) and second-harmonic generation (SHG). THG images enabled evaluation of nuclear morphology in a quantitative manner with six parameters after image analysis using deep learning. It was also possible to quantitatively assess intraepithelial fibrotic changes based on SHG images and another deep learning analysis. Using each analytical procedure alone, normal and cancerous tissue were classified quantitatively with an AUC ≥0.92. Moreover, a combinatory analysis of THG and SHG images with a machine learning algorithm allowed accurate classification of three-dimensional image files of normal tissue, intraepithelial neoplasia, and invasive carcinoma with a weighted kappa coefficient of 0.86. Our method enables real-time noninvasive diagnosis of cervical lesions, thus constituting a potential tool to dramatically change early detection. SIGNIFICANCE: This study proposes a novel method for diagnosing cancer using nonlinear optics, which enables visualization of histologic features of living tissues without the need for any biopsy or staining dye.
Single-cell transcriptome profiling reveals neutrophil heterogeneity in homeostasis and infection
Authors: Xuemei Xie, Qiang Shi, Peng Wu, Xiaoyu Zhang, Hiroto Kambara, Jiayu Su, Hongbo Yu, Shin-Young Park, Rongxia Guo, Qian Ren, Sudong Zhang, Yuanfu Xu, Leslie E. Silberstein, Tao Cheng, Fengxia Ma, Cheng Li, Hongbo R. Luo
Journal: Nature Immunology (2020)
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the Heart—Is Heart Failure the Next Chapter?
Authors: Clyde W. Yancy, Gregg C. Fonarow
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2020)

Valentina O. Puntmann, MD, PhD; M. Ludovica Carerj, MD; Imke Wieters, MD; Masia Fahim; Christophe Arendt, MD; Jedrzej Hoffmann, MD; Anastasia Shchendrygina, MD, PhD; Felicitas Escher, MD; Mariuca Vasa-Nicotera, MD; Andreas M. Zeiher, MD; Maria Vehreschild, MD; Eike Nagel, MD