tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rivaroxaban for Thromboprophylaxis in High-Risk Ambulatory Patients with Cancer
Authors: Alok A. Khorana, Gerald A. Soff, Ajay K. Kakkar, Saroj Vadhan-Raj, Hanno Riess, Ted Wun, Michael B. Streiff, David A. Garcia, Howard A. Liebman, Chandra P. Belani, Eileen M. O’Reilly, Jai N. Patel, Habte A. Yimer, Peter Wildgoose, Paul Burton, Ujjwala Vijapurkar, Simrati Kaul, John Eikelboom, Robert McBane, Kenneth A. Bauer, Nicole M. Kuderer, Gary H. Lyman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

Ambulatory patients receiving systemic cancer therapy are at varying risk for venous thromboembolism. However, the benefit of thromboprophylaxis in these patients is uncertain.In this double-blind, randomized trial involving high-risk ambulatory patients with cancer (Khorana score of ≥2, on a scale from 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating a higher risk of venous thromboembolism), we randomly assigned patients without deep-vein thrombosis at screening to receive rivaroxaban (at a dose of 10 mg) or placebo daily for up to 180 days, with screening every 8 weeks. The primary efficacy end point was a composite of objectively confirmed proximal deep-vein thrombosis in a lower limb, pulmonary embolism, symptomatic deep-vein thrombosis in an upper limb or distal deep-vein thrombosis in a lower limb, and death from venous thromboembolism and was assessed up to day 180. In a prespecified supportive analysis involving the same population, the same end point was assessed during the intervention period (first receipt of trial agent to last dose plus 2 days). The primary safety end point was major bleeding.Of 1080 enrolled patients, 49 (4.5%) had thrombosis at screening and did not undergo randomization. Of the 841 patients who underwent randomization, the primary end point occurred in 25 of 420 patients (6.0%) in the rivaroxaban group and in 37 of 421 (8.8%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40 to 1.09; P = 0.10) in the period up to day 180. In the prespecified intervention-period analysis, the primary end point occurred in 11 patients (2.6%) in the rivaroxaban group and in 27 (6.4%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.80). Major bleeding occurred in 8 of 405 patients (2.0%) in the rivaroxaban group and in 4 of 404 (1.0%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 1.96; 95% CI, 0.59 to 6.49).In high-risk ambulatory patients with cancer, treatment with rivaroxaban did not result in a significantly lower incidence of venous thromboembolism or death due to venous thromboembolism in the 180-day trial period. During the intervention period, rivaroxaban led to a substantially lower incidence of such events, with a low incidence of major bleeding. (Funded by Janssen and others; CASSINI ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02555878.).
The European Prostate Cancer Centres of Excellence: A Novel Proposal from the European Association of Urology Prostate Cancer Centre Consensus Meeting
Authors: Manfred Wirth, Nicola Fossati, Peter Albers, Chris Bangma, Maurizio Brausi, Eva Comperat, Sara Faithfull, Silke Gillessen, Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa, Ken Mastris, Nicolas Mottet, Stefan C Müller, Bradley Pieters, Maria J Ribal, Vijay Sangar, Ivo G Schoots, Vitaly Smelov, Luzia Travado, Riccardo Valdagni, Simone Wesselmann, Thomas Wiegel, Hendrik van Poppel
Journal: European Urology (2019)
Differential expression of endoglin (CD105) between human malignant epithelial tissues and cultured epithelial cell lines
Authors: Tomoko Tsujie, Masanori Tsujie, Yuro Haruta, Maurice Barcos, Betsy Spaulding, Hilda Tsai, Ben Seon
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

3826  Endoglin (EDG; CD105) is a cell membrane antigen that was initially identified as a human leukemia-associated homodimeric glycoprotein. EDG is a proliferation-associated cell membrane antigen of endothelial cells and leukemia cells, and strongly expressed on the tumor-associated angiogenic vascular endothelium. Furthermore, EDG is essential for angiogenesis/vascular development and an ancillary TGF-β receptor. We have been studying vascular targeting therapy and antiangiogenic therapy of tumors by targeting EDG on the tumor vascular endothelium. In addition, we are preparing for clinical application of a humanized anti-EDG mAb for therapy of cancer patients. In this study, we investigated the expression of EDG in a large panel of human solid tumor tissues and several malignant epithelial cell lines using several anti-EDG mAbs defining different epitopes. EDG expression in various human malignant tissues including breast, colon, and lung carcinomas was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Expression of EDG in cell lines was analyzed by RT-PCR, cellular radioimmunoassay (RIA), and IHC. The IHC analysis was performed using fixative-fixed cells and frozen cell pellets. For the cellular RIA, Molt-4 T acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell line and NIH/3T3 murine fibroblast cell line were used as negative controls while human endothelial cells, KM3 B-lineage ALL cell line and human L-EDG transfected-NIH/3T3 cell clones were used as positive controls. In the human solid tumor tissues, expression of EDG was restricted to the vascular endothelium and no EDG expression was detected in tumor cells per se. In contrast, several human breast cancer cell lines including doxorubicin resistant-MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 expressed EDG while wild type MCF7 human breast cancer cell line did not express EDG. These EDG-positive cell lines expressed EDG mRNA as well as EDG protein antigen. The wild type MCF-7 expressed neither EDG mRNA nor EDG protein. It is interesting to note that in vitro cell culture induced expression of cell surface EDG on monocytes while little EDG was detected on freshly isolated monocytes from healthy donors. The present results suggest that in vitro cell culture induces expression of EDG gene and subsequently EDG protein in certain malignant epithelial cells. Lack of expression of EDG in epithelial cells in fresh tissues will be important for vascular targeting therapy and antiangiogenic therapy of cancer by targeting EDG on tumor vasculature.
Sixty seconds on . . . free money
Authors: Ingrid Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Finland.

It has been for the past two years as part of a small pilot running from January 2017 to December 2018.

The government has been running a basic income trial giving 2000 unemployed people a monthly income of €560 (£475; $635), with no strings attached. That means they get the money whether they seek work or not.

The idea was to simplify the complex social security system and to incentivise unemployed …
Utility of Cricoid Pressure
Authors: Nebojsa Nick Knezevic, Katayoun Aghajani, Kenneth D. Candio
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Heart Failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Helena C. Kenny, E. Dale Abel
Journal: Circulation Research (2019)

Patients with diabetes mellitus have &gt;2× the risk for developing heart failure (HF; HF with reduced ejection fraction and HF with preserved ejection fraction). Cardiovascular outcomes, hospitalization, and prognosis are worse for patients with diabetes mellitus relative to those without. Beyond the structural and functional changes that characterize diabetic cardiomyopathy, a complex underlying, and interrelated pathophysiology exists. Despite the success of many commonly used antihyperglycemic therapies to lower hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus the high prevalence of HF persists. This, therefore, raises the possibility that additional factors beyond glycemia might contribute to the increased HF risk in diabetes mellitus. This review summarizes the state of knowledge about the impact of existing antihyperglycemic therapies on HF and discusses potential mechanisms for beneficial or deleterious effects. Second, we review currently approved pharmacological therapies for HF and review evidence that addresses their efficacy in the context of diabetes mellitus. Dysregulation of many cellular mechanisms in multiple models of diabetic cardiomyopathy and in human hearts have been described. These include oxidative stress, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, aberrant insulin signaling, accumulation of advanced glycated end-products, altered autophagy, changes in myocardial substrate metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics, lipotoxicity, and altered signal transduction such as GRK (g-protein receptor kinase) signaling, renin angiotensin aldosterone signaling and β-2 adrenergic receptor signaling. These pathophysiological pathways might be amenable to pharmacological therapy to reduce the risk of HF in the context of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Successful targeting of these pathways could alter the prognosis and risk of HF beyond what is currently achieved using existing antihyperglycemic and HF therapeutics.
Cryptic clues for an infection puzzle: from inside out
Authors: Ding-Jie Lee, Hung-Hui Liu, Dun-Wei Huang, Chia-Hua Lin, Chung-Kan Peng
Journal: Thorax (2019)

A 60-year-old male farmer with headache without fever for 2 months and with no other systemic disease presented to the emergency department with a 2-week history of non-productive cough as well as progressive hearing and vision loss. Chest radiography and CT scan revealed a left solitary tumour with pleural attachment (figure 1) without associated lymphadenopathy. At 3 days after admission, he lost consciousness and was administered emergency endotracheal …
Re: Guido Giusti, Silvia Proietti, Moises E. Rodríguez-Socarrás, et al. Simultaneous Bilateral Endoscopic Surgery (SBES) for Patients with Bilateral Upper Tract Urolithiasis: Technique and Outcomes. Eur Urol 2018;74:810–5
Authors: Luca Boeri, Emanuele Montanari
Journal: European Urology (2019)
Modeling Fanconi Anemia Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells By Reversible Complementation
Authors: R. Grant Rowe, William Marion, Sonya Ruiz-Torres, Edroaldo Lummertz da Rocha, Yosra Girvan, Thorsten Schlaeger, Trista E. North, Susanne Wells, George Q. Daley
Journal: Blood (2018)
Mental Health Act: care on wards is often unsafe and poor quality, says watchdog
Authors: Nigel Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Improvements in the operation of the Mental Health Act in 2017-18 were tempered by continuing concerns about the quality and safety of hospital wards, the Care Quality Commission (CQC) has said in its annual report to parliament.1

The act is the legal framework under which hospitals detain people with serious mental health problems that can put them or others at risk. Around 49 500 new detentions were recorded in 2017-18, but NHS Digital said that the data were incomplete—some providers failed to submit returns—and that, because of changes in the way data were collected, they were not directly comparable with earlier years. …
High-Resolution Brain 18F-FDG Images Provided by Fully Digital PET
Authors: Julien Salvadori, Mathieu Perrin, Pierre-Yves Marie, Laëtitia Imbert, Antoine Verger
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Normal brain F-FDG PET images, consecutively recorded on analog and fully digital PET cameras in an 85-year-old woman, are depicted herein with the reconstruction methods recommended for a 2-mm voxel size on each camera and with a high-resolution reconstruction additionally developed for digital PET with a 1-mm voxel size. An enhanced gray-to-white matter contrast was consistently documented for digital PET when compared with analog PET, and was associated with a further enhancement in spatial resolution at 1-mm voxel size, as evidenced by a much clearer delineation of cortical gyri. These high-resolution images could favor the identification of brain abnormalities.
SP0112 Clinical Manifestations of Raynaud's Phenomenon during Different Ages
Authors: A. Herrick
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3></h3> Raynaud9s phenomenon (RP) is an exaggeration of the normal physiological response to cold. Typically the fingers turn white (ischaemia), then blue (deoxygenation) and then red (reperfusion). The toes (and nose and ears) may also be affected. RP can present at any age. Primary (idiopathic) RP typically presents in the teens or twenties. However, children also may present with RP and in 12 to 15 year olds the prevalence of RP has been estimated to be 15%. When RP presents in older age groups, it is especially important to look for an underlying cause. Secondary causes of RP include not only connective tissue diseases but also hand-arm-vibration syndrome, atherosclerotic disease, haematological disorders, and certain drugs and chemicals. The pathogenesis of RP is complex and includes abnormalities of the vasculature, of neural control elements, and intravascular factors. It is important to separate primary from secondary RP. In patients with primary RP, abnormalities in the digital vasculature are thought to be purely functional: structural vascular disease (as seen in systemic sclerosis) does not occur. As a result, patients with primary RP do not progress to irreversible tissue injury, whereas patients with secondary RP, for example systemic sclerosis-related RP, may develop digital ulcers, pitting scars, or gangrene. Early recognition of systemic sclerosis is possible through careful and early evaluation of the patient presenting with RP: this evaluation includes checking for antinuclear antibody (and if there is concern also for systemic sclerosis-specific autoantibodies) and examining the nailfold capillaries by capillaroscopy. For this reason, RP is the main clinical indication for nailfold capillaroscopy. In primary (idiopathic) RP the nailfold capillaries should be normal whereas abnormal capillaroscopy raises suspicion of an underlying systemic sclerosis-spectrum disorder. Raynaud9s phenomenon and abnormal nailfold capillaries are two of the criteria in the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism 2013 classification criteria for SSc. Treatment of RP depends on its severity and on whether or not there is an underlying cause which may be amenable to intervention. Treatment options include general measures, drug treatment and (in patients who have progressed to ulceration or gangene) surgery. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.6335
Fratricide-resistant CD1a-specific CAR T cells for the treatment of cortical T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Diego Sánchez-Martínez, Matteo L. Baroni, Francisco Gutierrez-Agüera, Heleia Roca-Ho, Oscar Blanch-Lombarte, Sara González-García, Montserrat Torrebadell, Jordi Junca, Manuel Ramírez-Orellana, Talía Velasco-Hernández, Clara Bueno, José Luís Fuster, Julia G. Prado, Julien Calvo, Benjamin Uzan, Jan Cools, Mireia Camos, Françoise Pflumio, María Luisa Toribio, Pablo Menéndez
Journal: Blood (2019)
Global prevalence of diabetes in active tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from 2·3 million patients with tuberculosis
Authors: Jean Jacques Noubiap, Jobert Richie Nansseu, Ulrich Flore Nyaga, Jan René Nkeck, Francky Teddy Endomba, Arnaud D Kaze, Valirie N Agbor, Jean Joel Bigna
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2019)

Although diabetes and poor glycaemic control significantly increase the risk of tuberculosis and adversely affect tuberculosis treatment outcomes, the global burden of diabetes in the context of tuberculosis remains unknown. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of diabetes among patients with tuberculosis at global, regional, and country levels.We searched PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database, Web of Science, and Global Index Medicus to identify studies published between Jan 1, 1986, and June 15, 2017, on the prevalence of diabetes in patients with active tuberculosis, with no language restrictions. Criteria to diagnose tuberculosis and diabetes concurred with WHO guidelines. Methodological quality of eligible studies was assessed, and random-effect models meta-analysis served to obtain the pooled prevalence estimate of diabetes among patients with active tuberculosis, globally. Heterogeneity (I2) was assessed via the χ2 test on Cochran's Q statistic. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016049901.We screened 7565 records of which 200 studies (2 291 571 people with active tuberculosis) were included in meta-analyses. The pooled prevalence of diabetes was 15·3% (95% prediction interval 2·5-36·1; I2 99·8%), varying from 0·1% in Latvia to 45·2% in Marshall Islands. Subgroup and metaregression analyses for identifying sources of heterogeneity showed that four International Diabetes Federation (IDF) regions (North America and Caribbean [19·7%], western Pacific [19·4%], southeast Asia [19·0%], Middle East and North Africa [17·5%]) had significantly higher prevalence estimates than the three others (Africa [8·0%], South and Central America [7·7%], and Europe [7·5%]; p<0·0001). Additionally, the prevalence increased with age, in men, and in countries with low tuberculosis burden. The prevalence of diabetes was decreased in countries that had low incomes and low Human Development Index scores. The form of tuberculosis infection and presence of HIV seemed not to affect the prevalence of diabetes among patients with active tuberculosis.This study suggests a high burden of diabetes among patients with active tuberculosis, with disparities according to age, sex, regions, level of country income, and development. Cost-effective strategies to curb the burden of diabetes among patients with active tuberculosis are needed.None.
Evaluation of coal tar fractions for use in psoriasiform diseases using the mouse tail test
Authors: ROSANNE WRENCH, ADAM Z. BRITTEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

‘High’ and ‘low’ temperature tars were evaluated on parakeratotic mouse tail skin, which was used as a model for the psoriatic keratinization process. The skin was examined histologically for signs of induced granular layers in previously scaly areas; epidermal thicknesses were also measured. It appears that the acidic (phenolic) fractions of coal tars induce granular layers and cause epidermal thickening, whereas neutral constituents alone only cause thickening. It is suggested that tar acids should be further investigated for anti‐psoriatic activity.
Use of CTTA to predict treatment response in patients with EGFR T790M+ NSCLC treated with osimertinib
Authors: W.L. Tan, T.A. Tran Nguyen, T.S. Koh, T. Priyanthi Hennedige, C.S.P. Yip, S.H. Tan, D.S.W. Tan, C.H. Thng, D.W.-T. Lim, Q.S. Ng
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

Background: Computed tomography textural analysis (CTTA) can be used to quantify intra-tumour heterogeneity, which is linked to adverse tumour biology. We aimed to evaluate if CTTA can predict treatment response in metastatic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) with T790M mutations (T790M+) treated with osimertinib, after prior tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Methods: We did a retrospective analysis of 39 consecutive patients with T790M+ mNSCLC on osimertinib. Treatment response was independently assessed on CT scans by RECIST 1.1. Routine contrast-enhanced CT images were acquired for each patient pre-osimertinib. Contiguous regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn by a radiologist around all measurable lesions and encompassing the entire axial tumour volume to assess tumour heterogeneity. Acquired image data was evaluated with an in-house program developed for analysing textures using Matlab (MathWorks, Natick, MA). Four textural variables – skewness, kurtosis, entropy and standard deviation (SD) were computed based on voxel histogram statistics, quantifying the distribution and relationship of voxel gray levels in each CT image. Each variable was assessed for association with objective response rates. Patients who had partial or complete response were "responders" (Rs), those with stable disease or disease progression were "non-responders" (NRs). Results: There were 23 Rs and 16 NRs (ORR 59%). Patient characteristics were similar between Rs and NRs. SD (which reflects degree of variability) was significantly higher in NRs: average SD was 35.8 (28.67, 38.91) in NRs vs. 31.2 (23.82, 33.28) in Rs; p = 0.04. Except for skewness, there was a trend towards higher entropy (measure of irregularity) and lower kurtosis (peakedness of the histogram) in NRs. Average entropy was 5.93 (5.667, 6.177) in NRs vs. 5.71 (5.434, 5.888) in Rs; p = 0.06, and average kurtosis was 3.27 (2.505, 4.189) in NRs vs. 4.14 (3.043, 5.223) in Rs; p = 0.08. Findings were consistent with greater tumour heterogeneity in NRs compared to Rs. Conclusions: Texture parameters of SD, entropy and kurtosis derived from pre-treatment CT images of T790M+ mNSCLC may reflect tumour heterogeneity and have potential to predict for response to osimertinib. Legal entity responsible for the study: Centralised Institutional Review Board - SingHealth Research. Funding: Has not received any funding. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Expulsion from medical society. 1
Authors: A. R. Holder
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Scotland rejects “sunshine” legislation on searchable database of industry payments
Authors: Bryan Christie
Journal: BMJ (2019)

The Scottish government has rejected an attempt to introduce a “sunshine act” that would create a searchable record of all payments to health professionals from the drug industry and other sources.

More than five years after Peter Gordon, a consultant psychiatrist, petitioned the Scottish parliament to introduce such legislation, he has been informed that no special action will be taken.

A letter to Gordon, from Martyn McDonald of the medicines policy division, says that the matter has been given careful consideration and …