tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Distinct clinical and pathological features are associated with the BRAF (T1799A) mutation in primary melanoma
Authors: Wendy W. Liu, William K. Murray, John P. Dowling, John W. Kelly, Rory Wolfe, Graham Mason, Jill Magee, Christopher Angel, Alexander Dobrovic, Grant A. McArthur
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

1005  Background: Mutation in the BRAF gene, predominantly a single base substitution (T1799A), has been found in 66% of malignant melanomas. BRAF (T1799A) encodes an activated form of BRAF (V600E) that leads to activation of the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway. Despite a large number of studies, the clinical and pathological associations of T1799A in primary melanoma remain poorly understood. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical and pathological features of primary melanomas containing the T1799A mutation. Design: Two hundred and sixty five patients with 267 primary melanomas from Victoria, Australia, nested within a larger study, were prospectively interviewed and examined with respect to their melanoma characteristics and risk factors. Independent histopathologic reviews were performed on all specimens. All primary melanomas were screened with allele-specific PCR for the T1799A mutation. The allele-specific PCR technique allows for detection of 2% mutant DNA when mixed with wild type DNA. Results: Of 267 tumour samples, 253 (95%) samples were successfully amplified. The T1799A mutation was found in 114 (45%) of the primary melanomas. Univariate analysis revealed that the following parameters were associated with the T1799A mutation: 1) low tumour thickness ( 4mm, OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.7); 2) low mitotic index ( =10/ mm2, OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2-1.0); 3) superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) (SSM, OR 1.0, REF; lentigo maligna melanoma, OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.1-0.4; nodular melanoma, OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-1.0); 4) pigmented melanoma (amelanotic melanoma, OR 1.0, REF; pigmented melanoma OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.8-8.0); 5) intermittently sun-exposed sites (chronically sun-exposed sites, OR 1.00, REF; intermittently sun-exposed sites OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4-4.8); 6) younger age (
Abstract 19594: Early versus Delayed Invasive Intervention for Non-STEMI Patients Presenting With Heart Failure: Results From Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry
Authors: Jin-Sin Koh, Min Gyu Kang, Kye-Hwan Kim, Hyun Woong Park, Seok-Jae Hwang, Jin-Yong Hwang, Yong-whi Park
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: We assess the clinical impact of early versus delayed invasive intervention in patients of NSTEMI with HF. Background: In patients with NSTEMI with HF, an invasive strategy is favored...
Annals Graphic Medicine - Dr. Mom: Little Pharma
Authors: Grace E. Farris
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Web Exclusives5 May 2020Annals Graphic Medicine - Dr. Mom: Little PharmaFREEGrace E. Farris, MDGrace E. Farris, MDMount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York (G.E.F.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/G20-0006 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Download figure Download PowerPoint Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York (G.E.F.)Disclosures: The author has disclosed no conflicts of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=G18-0042.Author/Illustrator Information: Grace E. Farris, MD, is an assistant professor of medicine at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and chief of hospital medicine at Mount Sinai West hospital in New York, New York. You can view her work at her website: www.farrisgrace.com.About Dr. Mom: In Dr. Mom, physician and cartoonist Grace Farris examines work–life balance while mothering and doctoring. Dr. Mom appears monthly in Annals Graphic Medicine at Annals.org. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 5 May 2020Volume 172, Issue 9Page: W106-W107KeywordsConflicts of interestDisclosureHospital medicineHospitalists ePublished: 5 May 2020 Issue Published: 5 May 2020 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2020 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Management of Gout
Authors: Walter Bauer, Madan M. Singh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

GRATIFYING developments in the therapy of gout have occurred during the past five years. Until 1950, it was not possible to maintain the serum uric acid at normal levels, prevent urate deposition (tophi) in various body tissues and influence the progressive course of chronic tophaceous gout. With accumulating experience in the continuous use of uricosuric agents, a more hopeful attitude toward the management of the chronic disease has emerged. Under prolonged therapy with these drugs, chronic joint symptoms disappear, tophi regress, acute attacks may be eventually brought under control, serum uric acid can be maintained at or near normal levels . . .
Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

This widely acclaimed book is a complete, authoritative reference on nutrition and its role in contemporary medicine, dietetics, nursing, public health, and public policy. Distinguished international experts provide in-depth information on historical landmarks in nutrition, specific dietary components, nutrition in integrated biologic systems, nutritional assessment through the life cycle, nutrition in various clinical disorders, and public health and policy issues. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 11th Edition, offers coverage of nutrition's role in disease prevention, international nutrition issues, public health concerns, the role of obesity in a variety of chronic illnesses, genetics as it applies to nutrition, and areas of major scientific progress relating nutrition to disease.
Corrigendum re “Predicting Prostate Cancer Death with Different Pretreatment Risk Stratification Tools: A Head-to-head Comparison in a Nationwide Cohort Study” [Eur Urol 2020;77:180–8]
Authors: Renata Zelic, Hans Garmo, Daniela Zugna, Pär Stattin, Lorenzo Richiardi, Olof Akre, Andreas Pettersson
Journal: European Urology (2020)
The Changing Humors of Portsmouth: The Medical Biography of an American Town 1623-1983.
Authors: C Gordon, Smith Dean
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Reviewssubstantial endowment, without declaring his hand for Baltimore until the end, previously adopting a detached attitude regarding the site.In 1916, Welch and William Howell (Professor of Physiology in the Medical School) started planning the new School, determining not to limit it to pathological investigation but to give equal emphasis to the promotion of health through nutrition, sanitation, better planning and administration.The first decade saw the planning and organization of departments, almost all focused on laboratory research.The School building was opened in 1926, with an
AB0076 CAN DIFFERENT INTERLEUKIN LEVELS PREDICT RESPONSE TO BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS?
Authors: Stephen McDonald, Rachel Reed, Ivona Baricevic-Jones, Stephanie Ling, Darren Plant, Anne Barton
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

<h3>Background</h3> The cytokine family interleukin IL-17 has an important pro-inflammatory role; stimulating tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin IL-1 and IL-6 production. It is subclassified into IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-17AF<sup>1</sup>. The interleukin IL-10 acts by blocking the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines<sup>2</sup>. We hypothesised that patients whose disease activity is not adequately controlled by TNF therapies in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) may have IL-17 driven disease and that lower IL-10 levels may play a permissive role. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine if pre-treatment or 3 month IL-17/IL-10 concentrations correlate with treatment response to anti-TNF drugs by 6 months of treatment. <h3>Methods</h3> Data was collected from the Biologics in Rheumatoid Arthritis Genetics and Genomics Study Syndicate (BRAGGSS). Patients were followed up at pre-treatment (baseline), 3 months, 6 months and 12 months with bloods, questionnaires and clinical data obtained. Patients were eligible for inclusion if commencing on adalimumab or etanercept and were designated good or poor EULAR responder status at 6-months. Wilcoxon rank sum compared interleukin levels at pre-treatment and 3 months- according to EULAR classification by 6 months. Logistic regression was carried out adjusting for gender, baseline DMARD use and disease activity scores (DAS-28). <h3>Results</h3> 152 patients were included, (80 adalimumab-treated and 72 etanercept-treated). No statistically significant difference between mean IL-17A, IL-17AF, IL-17F and IL-10 levels at baseline and 3 month follow-up were observed(figure 1). For IL-17A, those patients classified as good responders demonstrated an increase in mean serum levels of IL-17A from 1.06 pg/ml at baseline to 1.23pg/ml at 3 months. This came close to significance (p=0.07). Further analysis was carried out by drug group and also a subgroup analysis by drug group linked to responder status. No statistically significant results were obtained. Adjusting for gender, baseline DMARD use and DAS-28 scores did not alter findings. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There was a lack of statistically significant data to suggestion a correlation between pre-treatment and 3 month IL-17F, IL-17AF and IL-10 concentrations. However, an increase in IL17-A serum levels between baseline and 3 months may be associated with a good EULAR response status by 6 months. Larger sample sizes are required to confirm this. <h3>References</h3> [1] Gaffen SL. Curr Rheumatol Rep2009; 11(5): 365-370. [2] Alanara T. Scand J of Rheumatol2010; 39: 118-126 <h3>Disclosure of Interests</h3> None declared
Care Partners and Patient Portals—Faulty Access, Threats to Privacy, and Ample Opportunity
Authors: Catherine M. DesRoches, Jan Walker, Tom Delbanco
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Mucopurulent Cervicitis — The Ignored Counterpart in Women of Urethritis in Men
Authors: Robert C. Brunham, Jorma Paavonen, Claire E. Stevens, Nancy Kiviat, Cho-Chou Kuo, Cathy W. Critchlow, King K. Holmes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Among 100 randomly selected nonmenstruating women attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases, we assessed objective criteria for the clinical diagnosis of mucopurulent cervicitis. Visualization of yellow mucopurulent endocervical secretions on a white swab and the presence of 10 or more polymorphonuclear leukocytes per microscopical field (at a magnification of 1000) in satisfactory gram-stained endocervical smears were independently correlated with cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Neither finding correlated with gonorrhea or genital herpes, although herpes caused characteristic cervical ulcerations. C. trachomatis was isolated from the cervix of 20 of 40 women with mucopurulent cervicitis but of only 2 of 60 without it. The overall prevalence of mucopurulent cervicitis among women attending the clinic (40 per cent) exceeded that of nongonococcal urethritis among men in the same clinic, and the prevalence of C. trachomatis infection was higher in mucopurulent cervicitis than in nongonococcal urethritis, a condition that is conventionally treated with tetracyclines. These findings support recommendations for the treatment of mucopurulent cervicitis and should guide the selective use of confirmatory diagnostic tests for C. trachomatis infection.
Hodgkin lymphoma: A 2020 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Stephen M. Ansell
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2020)

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is an uncommon B-cell lymphoid malignancy affecting 8480 new patients annually and representing approximately 10% of all lymphomas in the United States.Hodgkin lymphoma is composed of two distinct disease entities: classical HL and nodular lymphocyte predominant HL. Nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte depletion, and lymphocyte-rich HL are subgroups of classical HL.An accurate assessment of the stage of disease in patients with HL is critical for the selection of the appropriate therapy. Prognostic models that identify patients at low or high risk for recurrence, as well as the response to therapy as determined by positron emission tomography (PET) scan, are used to optimize therapy.Initial therapy for HL patients is based on the histology of the disease, the anatomical stage and the presence of poor prognostic features. Patients with early stage disease are typically treated with combined modality strategies utilizing abbreviated courses of combination chemotherapy, followed by involved-field radiation therapy. Patients with advanced stage disease receive a longer course of chemotherapy, often without radiation therapy. However, newer agents including brentuximab vedotin and anti-PD-1 antibodies are now being incorporated into frontline therapy.High-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) followed by an autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is the standard of care for most patients who relapse following initial therapy. For patients who fail HDCT with ASCT, brentuximab vedotin, PD-1 blockade, non-myeloablative allogeneic transplant or participation in a clinical trial should be considered.
Impact of Treatment Cessation on Overall Disease Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Chronic Phase (CML-CP) Attempting Treatment-Free Remission (TFR): Findings from Enestfreedom and Enestop
Authors: Giuseppe Saglio, Timothy P. Hughes, Andreas Hochhaus, Dong-Wook Kim, Francis J. Giles, Jerald P. Radich, David M Ross, Prashanth Gopalakrishna, Weiping Deng, Rafik Fellague-Chebra, Sandip Acharya, Francois-Xavier Mahon
Journal: Blood (2017)
The natural history of asymptomatic carotid artery occlusive lesions
Authors: I. Meissner
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the long-term prognosis of patients with asymptomatic pressure-significant (hemodynamically significant) internal carotid system lesions. Of 640 neurologically asymptomatic patients, 292 had pressure-significant internal carotid artery occlusive lesions as determined by ocular pneumoplethysmography, while 348 had a carotid bruit only without a pressure-significant lesion. The annual stroke rate for the first three years on a Kaplan-Meier life-table basis was 3.4% and 1.5% in the abnormal and normal ocular pneumoplethysmography groups, respectively, as compared with a rate of 0.5% in a normal age- and sex-matched population. The annual total event rate (transient ischemic attack and stroke) was 5.2% in the abnormal vs 2.3% in the normal group, with 56% of all events ipsilateral to the ocular pneumoplethysmography abnormality. These results indicate that patients with asymptomatic pressure-significant carotid system occlusive lesions are at greater risk for stroke than a normal ocular pneumoplethysmography group (twofold) and a general population (sevenfold). (<i>JAMA</i>1987;258:2704-2707)
Use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and risk of serious renal events: Scandinavian cohort study
Authors: Björn Pasternak, Viktor Wintzell, Mads Melbye, Björn Eliasson, Ann-Marie Svensson, Stefan Franzén, Soffia Gudbjörnsdottir, Kristian Hveem, Christian Jonasson, Henrik Svanström, Peter Ueda
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Abstract Objective To assess the association between use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and risk of serious renal events in data from routine clinical practice. Design Cohort study using an active comparator, new user design and nationwide register data. Setting Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, 2013-18. Participants Cohort of 29 887 new users of SGLT2 inhibitors (follow-up time: dapagliflozin 66.1%; empagliflozin 32.6%; canagliflozin 1.3%) and 29 887 new users of an active comparator, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, matched 1:1 on the basis of a propensity score with 57 variables. Mean follow-up time was 1.7 (SD 1.0) years. Exposures SGLT2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, defined by filled prescriptions and analysed according to intention to treat. Main outcome measures The main outcome was serious renal events, a composite including renal replacement therapy, death from renal causes, and hospital admission for renal events. Secondary outcomes were the individual components of the main outcome. Results The mean age of the study population was 61.3 (SD 10.5) years; 11 108 (19%) had cardiovascular disease, and 1974 (3%) had chronic kidney disease. Use of SGLT2 inhibitors, compared with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, was associated with a reduced risk of serious renal events (2.6 events per 1000 person years versus 6.2 events per 1000 person years; hazard ratio 0.42 (95% confidence interval 0.34 to 0.53); absolute difference −3.6 (–4.4 to −2.8) events per 1000 person years). In secondary outcome analyses, the hazard ratio for use of SGLT2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors was 0.32 (0.22 to 0.47) for renal replacement therapy, 0.41 (0.32 to 0.52) for hospital admission for renal events, and 0.77 (0.26 to 2.23) for death from renal causes. In sensitivity analyses in each of the Swedish and Danish parts of the cohort, the model was further adjusted for glycated haemoglobin and estimated glomerular filtration rate (Sweden and Denmark) and for blood pressure, body mass index, and smoking (Sweden only); in these analyses, the hazard ratio moved from 0.41 (0.26 to 0.66) to 0.50 (0.31 to 0.81) in Sweden and from 0.42 (0.32 to 0.56) to 0.55 (0.41 to 0.74) in Denmark. Conclusions In this analysis using nationwide data from three countries, use of SGLT2 inhibitors, compared with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, was associated with a significantly reduced risk of serious renal events.
Establishment of a Patient‐Derived Xenograft Tumor From Hepatitis C–Associated Liver Cancer and Evaluation of Imatinib Treatment Efficacy
Authors: Mustafa Nazzal, Subhayan Sur, Robert Steele, Mousumi Khatun, Tapas Patra, Nancy Phillips, John Long, Ranjit Ray, Ratna B. Ray
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

Background and Aims Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the major causal factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The treatment options for HCC are limited for lack of a convenient animal model for study in HCV infection and liver pathogenesis. This study aimed to develop a patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) tumor in mice by using a tumor from a patient with HCV‐associated HCC and evaluating this model’s therapeutic potential. Approach and Results After resection of the primary tumor from the patient liver, excess viable tumor was implanted into highly immunodeficient mice. A mouse xenograft tumor line was developed, and the tumor was successfully passaged for at least three rounds in immunodeficient mice. The patient’s primary tumor and the mouse xenografts were histologically similar. Genetic profiling by short‐tandem‐repeat analysis verified that the HCC‐PDX model was derived from the HCC clinical specimen. HCV RNA present in the patient liver specimen was undetectable after passage as xenograft tumors in mice. Human albumin, α 1 ‐antitrypsin, glypican‐3, α–smooth muscle actin, and collagen type 1A2 markers were detected in human original tumor tissues and xenograft tumors. Both the patient primary tumor and the xenograft tumors had a significantly higher level of receptor tyrosine kinase (c‐Kit) mRNA. Treatment of HCC‐PDX xenograft tumor–bearing mice with the c‐Kit inhibitor imatinib significantly reduced tumor growth and phospho‐Akt and cyclin D1 expression, as compared with untreated control tumors. Conclusions Our results demonstrated establishment of an HCV‐associated HCC‐PDX model as a powerful tool for evaluating candidate drugs. Information on molecular changes in cancer‐specific gene expression facilitates efficient targeted therapies and treatment strategies.
Association of Parental Socioeconomic Status and Newborn Telomere Length
Authors: Dries S. Martens, Bram G. Janssen, Esmée M. Bijnens, Diana B. P. Clemente, Paolo Vineis, Michelle Plusquin, Tim S. Nawrot
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Low socioeconomic status is associated with higher all-cause mortality and risks for aging-related diseases. Biological aging is a potential process underlying health conditions related to social disadvantages, which may be present from birth onward. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the association of parental socioeconomic status with telomere length (TL) at birth, a marker of biological aging. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This prospective birth cohort study was conducted among 1504 mother-newborn pairs in Belgium recruited between February 1, 2010, and July 1, 2017. <h3>Exposures</h3> Parental socioeconomic measures, including maternal educational level, occupation, paternal educational level, and neighborhood income based on median annual household income. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Mean relative TL was measured in cord blood and placental tissue. By constructing a principal component, an integrative socioeconomic measure was derived that integrates parental socioeconomic status and neighborhood income. Multivariable adjusted regression analyses were performed to associate the integrative socioeconomic measure and TL at birth. <h3>Results</h3> In 1026 newborns (517 boys; mean [SD] gestational age, 39.2 [1.4] weeks), a higher socioeconomic status was associated with longer cord blood TL and placental TL. Each unit increment in the integrative socioeconomic status measure was associated with 2.1% (95% CI, 0.9%-3.4%;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) longer cord blood TL in boys, while no association was observed for girls (0.5% longer cord blood TL; 95% CI, −0.9% to 1.8%;<i>P</i> = .50). The sex-specific socioeconomic status interaction revealed a stronger association in boys compared with newborn girls (1.6%; 95% CI, 0.02%-3.3%;<i>P</i> = .047 for interaction). In placental tissue, higher socioeconomic status was associated with 1.8% (95% CI, 0.3%-3.3%;<i>P</i> = .02) longer TL in newborn boys but not in girls (0.4% longer TL; 95% CI, −1.2% to 2.0%;<i>P</i> = .63). For placental tissue, no sex and socioeconomic status interaction on TL was observed (1.4%; 95% CI, −0.5% to 3.4%;<i>P</i> = .16 for interaction). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This study suggests that parental socioeconomic status is associated with newborn TL, especially in boys. The results indicate that familial social economic factors are associated with the potential cellular longevity of the next generation, with a potential higher transgenerational vulnerability for newborn boys.