tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P-347 A phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of transarterial chemoembolization combined with durvalumab or durvalumab plus bevacizumab therapy in patients with locoregional hepatocellular carcinoma: EMERALD-1
Authors: B. Sangro, M. Kudo, S. Qin, Z. Ren, S. Chan, E. Joseph, Y. Arai, H. Mann, S. Morgan, G. Cohen, R. Lencioni
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
De novo lipogenesis is elicited dramatically in human hepatocellular carcinoma especially in hepatitis C virus‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shaojian Li, Ruonan Liu, Qinling Pan, Genshu Wang, Daorou Cheng, Jie Yang, Hui Chen, Geyang Xu
Journal: MedComm (2020)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Abnormal de novo lipogenesis is reported to be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. In current study, de novo lipogenesis and its association with patient survival rate were investigated in human HCC samples induced by hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), or nonviral factors. Hepatic mRNA and protein levels of lipogenic transcription factors and lipid synthesis enzymes were examined by realtime‐PCR (RT‐PCR) and western blot. Association of gene expression and patient survival was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. Lipogenic pathway regulators such as AKT2, SREBP1c, PPARγ, and lipogenic enzymes such as ACC and FAS were increased in human HCC when compared with control livers. Notably, a more robust increase in de novo lipogenesis was observed in HCV‐HCC when compared to HBV‐HCC and nonviral HCC. High FAS and ACC expression correlated with poor overall survival (OS) in HCV‐HCC. High expression of lipogenesis gene panel significantly correlated with poor OS in HCV‐HCC, but not in HBV‐HCC or nonviral HCC. In sum, de novo lipogenesis is stimulated dramatically in human HCC especially in HCV‐HCC.
P-339 Real-world data (RWD) of the use of trifluridine/tipiracil hydrochloride (TFT) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: The Greater Manchester experience
Authors: A. Alchawaf, M. Dawod, M. Al-Ani, J. Barriuso, A. Ferrera, A. Ho, M. Braun, N. Paton, M. Saunders, G. Wilson, N. Alam, J. Hasan, F. Marti Marti, K. Kamposioras, S. Mullamitha
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Outcomes of Patients With Cancer Discharged to a Skilled Nursing Facility After Acute Care Hospitalization
Authors: Sarguni Singh, Megan Eguchi, Sung-Joon Min, Stacy Fischer
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2020)

After discharge from an acute care hospitalization, patients with cancer may choose to pursue rehabilitative care in a skilled nursing facility (SNF). The objective of this study was to examine receipt of anticancer therapy, death, readmission, and hospice use among patients with cancer who discharge to an SNF compared with those who are functionally able to discharge to home or home with home healthcare in the 6 months after an acute care hospitalization.A population-based cohort study was conducted using the SEER-Medicare database of patients with stage II-IV colorectal, pancreatic, bladder, or lung cancer who had an acute care hospitalization between 2010 and 2013. A total of 58,770 cases were identified and patient groups of interest were compared descriptively using means and standard deviations for continuous variables and frequencies and percentages for categorical variables. Logistic regression was used to compare patient groups, adjusting for covariates.Of patients discharged to an SNF, 21%, 17%, and 2% went on to receive chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted chemotherapy, respectively, compared with 54%, 28%, and 6%, respectively, among patients discharged home. Fifty-six percent of patients discharged to an SNF died within 6 months of their hospitalization compared with 36% discharged home. Thirty-day readmission rates were 29% and 28% for patients discharged to an SNF and home, respectively, and 12% of patients in hospice received <3 days of hospice care before death regardless of their discharge location.Patients with cancer who discharge to an SNF are significantly less likely to receive subsequent oncologic treatment of any kind and have higher mortality compared with patients who discharge to home after an acute care hospitalization. Further research is needed to understand and address patient goals of care before discharge to an SNF.
SO-7 Efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus apatinib as compared with TACE alone for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: H. Gu, J. Li, N. You, K. Wu, Z. Wang, L. Wang, Y. Zhu, Q. Liu, X. Peng, L. Zheng
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
CaproGlu: Multifunctional tissue adhesive platform
Authors: Ivan Djordjevic, Oleksandr Pokholenko, Ankur Harish Shah, Gautama Wicaksono, Lluis Blancafort, John V. Hanna, Samuel J. Page, Himansu Sekhar Nanda, Chee Bing Ong, Sze Ryn Chung, Andrew Yuan Hui Chin, Duncan McGrouther, Muntasir Mannan Choudhury, Fang Li, Jonathan Shunming Teo, Lui Shiong Lee, Terry W.J. Steele
Journal: Biomaterials (2020)

Driven by the clinical need for a strong tissue adhesive with elastomeric material properties, a departure from legacy crosslinking chemistries was sought as a multipurpose platform for tissue mending. A fresh approach to bonding wet substrates has yielded a synthetic biomaterial that overcomes the drawbacks of free-radical and nature-inspired bioadhesives. A food-grade liquid polycaprolactone grafted with carbene precursors yields CaproGlu. The first-of-its-kind low-viscosity prepolymer is VOC-free and requires no photoinitiators. Grafted diazirine end-groups form carbene diradicals upon low energy UVA (365 nm) activation that immediately crosslink tissue surfaces; no pre-heating or animal-derived components are required. The hydrophobic polymeric environment enables metastable functional groups not possible in formulations requiring solvents or water. Activated diazirine within CaproGlu is uniquely capable of crosslinking all amino acids, even on wet tissue substrates. CaproGlu undergoes rapid liquid-to-biorubber transition within seconds of UVA exposure-features not found in any other bioadhesive. The exceptional shelf stability of CaproGlu allows gamma sterilization with no change in material properties. CaproGlu wet adhesiveness is challenged against current unmet clinical needs: anastomosis of spliced blood vessels, anesthetic muscle patches, and human platelet-mediating coatings. The versatility of CaproGlu enables both organic and inorganic composites for future bioadhesive platforms.
Exosomal Noncoding RNAs and Tumor Drug Resistance
Authors: Chengyao Guo, Jinbo Liu, Quanbo Zhou, Junmin Song, Zhiyong Zhang, Zhen Li, Guixian Wang, Weitang Yuan, Zhenqiang Sun
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Tumor drug resistance is a major challenge in the treatment of cancer. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNA) play a role in the progression of drug resistance. Recent studies have indicated that exosomes, with their in vitro and in vivo compatibility, are the best natural carrier of ncRNA, and their transport of ncRNA into cells could regulate drug resistance. Exosomal ncRNA impact drug resistance through participation in drug efflux, regulation of signaling pathways, and modification of the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we evaluate the mechanism of exosomal ncRNA related to tumor drug resistance, their role in different tumors, and potential clinical applications.
Evolving Role of Immunotherapy in Recurrent Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Xiuning Le, Renata Ferrarotto, Trisha Wise-Draper, Maura Gillison
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2020)

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment in the past 2 decades, mostly with immune checkpoint blockade approaches. In squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), the initial efficacy of immunotherapy was observed in patients with recurrent or metastatic (R/M) disease who received other prior systemic treatment. As monotherapy, anti–PD-1 therapies induce responses in 13% to 18% of patients. More recently, immunotherapy in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy demonstrated greater safety and efficacy as first-line systemic treatment compared with chemotherapy alone. In R/M SCCHN, the most important benefit of immunotherapy is the significantly improved overall survival, especially in patients with PD-L1–positive tumors. As of 2019, immunotherapy can be used as first-line or subsequent treatment of R/M SCCHN. Many ongoing trials are evaluating immunotherapy combinations or novel immunotherapy strategies, aiming to improve response rate and overall survival. As new targets are identified and new approaches are leveraged, the role of immunotherapy in R/M SCCHN continues to evolve.
Late Coronary Stent Thrombosis in a Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Paula Antuña, Fernando Rivero, David del Val, Javier Cuesta, Fernando Alfonso
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2020)

Discussion | We found that both bedside and remote JVP estimates were comparably and significantly correlated with invasively measured RAP, despite a lower level of confidence among the remote evaluators in their estimates.Practitioners may find these data particularly useful, given the rapid increase in telehealth visits during the COVID-19 pandemic.Lower confidence among remote evaluators may be secondary to less familiarity with that approach or inability to perform maneuvers such as palpation. 3 While this study demonstrated feasibility of assessing the JVP remotely via video, a larger study is needed to provide reliable estimates of its diagnostic utility in the assessment of RAP.Likewise, whether health care professionals who are not advanced heart failure specialists can replicate these results using standard telehealth platforms, rather than commercially available smartphones, is unknown and requires further study.
Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients and Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Alex C. Spyropoulos, Jeffrey I. Weitz
Journal: Circulation (2020)

he coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has taken the world by storm.As of May 4, 2020, there are >1.2 million confirmed cases in the United States and >66 000 deaths.Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is common in seriously ill patients with infection.Early reports suggested a VTE rate of approximately 27% in critically ill patients hospitalized with This high rate of VTE, and, in particular, PE, is consistent with what has been reported in critically ill patients with pneumonias caused by other viruses, including H1N1 pneumonia and severe acute respiratory syndrome.2,3 Key markers of inflammation and coagulopathy have been associated with morbidity and increased mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, suggesting that either the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection itself or the cytokine storm produced by the hyperinflammatory state induces a prothrombotic state. 4COVID-19 is associated with a coagulopathy characterized by mild thrombocytopenia, high levels of d-dimer and fibrin(ogen) degradation products, slight prolongation of the prothrombin time, and elevated levels of fibrinogen and factor VIII. [4][5][6] Although the drivers of this coagulopathy are uncertain, overexpression of tissue factor, endothelial dysfunction, and activation of the contact and complement systems are potential candidates.In patients dying of COVID-19, multiple thrombi are found in the vessels of the lungs, and those of the liver, heart, and kidneys.This hypercoagulable state may explain the high rate of VTE reported in patients with COVID-19 despite anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis, 1 and the acute kidney injury, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and arterial occlusion, as well, that have been described in these patients.6,7 In this issue of Circulation, case series of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 reported from China by Zhang et al 8 and Ren et al 9 and from France by Poissy et al 10 highlight the high prevalence of VTE in this population.Consistent with earlier reports of high VTE rates in critically ill patients with COVID-19, the prevalence of PE in 107 consecutive patients in the intensive care unit was 20.6% in the study by Poissy et al. 10 Of the 22 patients with documented PE, 20 were receiving anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis at the time of PE diagnosis.When 48 patients in an intensive care unit with documented COVID-19 were screened with compression ultrasonography of the lower extremities, Ren et al 9 reported a prevalence of asymptomatic DVT of 85.4%, with 75% localized to the calf veins.In the patients with DVT, all but 1 were receiving low-molecular-weight heparin thromboprophylaxis.Likewise, with compression ultrasound screening of 143 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 on medical wards, Zhang et al 8 found DVT in 46.1% overall, of which the location is
Efficacy and Safety of Upadacitinib Monotherapy in Methotrexate‐Naive Patients With Moderately‐to‐Severely Active Rheumatoid Arthritis (SELECT‐EARLY): A Multicenter, Multi‐Country, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Active Comparator–Controlled Trial
Authors: Ronald van Vollenhoven, Tsutomu Takeuchi, Aileen L. Pangan, Alan Friedman, Mohamed‐Eslam F. Mohamed, Su Chen, Maureen Rischmueller, Ricardo Blanco, Ricardo M. Xavier, Vibeke Strand
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2020)

The SELECT-EARLY trial was undertaken to study the effect of upadacitinib, an oral, reversible Janus kinase 1-selective inhibitor, as monotherapy in patients with predominantly early rheumatoid arthritis who were naive for or had limited exposure to methotrexate (MTX).
New Drugs for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Since the late 1990s, based on scientific advancement and biotechnological improvement, many effective drugs such as leflunomide and biologic agents for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been developed. These include TNF-α inhibitors such as etanercept, infliximab, and adalimumab, a peripheral B-cell depleting agent such as rituximab, CTLA-4 Ig such as abatacept, and IL-1 receptor antagonist such as anakira. These new agents have provided good efficacy in the treatment of patents with severe or refractory rheumatoid arthritis and have provided retardation or prevention of radiographic progression or joint destruction despite some side effects such as tuberculosis, infection, malignancies. In this review, new therapeutic alternatives would be given, and chances for more improved outcomes in the care of patients with rheumatoid arthritis provided. (Korean J Med 76:12-17, 2009)
Association of Independent Prognostic Factors and Treatment Modality With Survival and Recurrence Outcomes in Breast Cancer
Authors: Dat Nguyen, John Yu, William C. Reinhold, Sherry X. Yang
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> It is not well understood whether prognostic factors in breast cancer are affected by specific treatment and vary by clinical outcome type compared with untreated patients. <h3>Objective</h3> To identify independent clinical and molecular measurements associated with overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) by homogeneous treatment in women with breast cancer. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This prognostic study included 956 patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer from hospital centers across 4 geographical regions of the United States who participated in the accreditation program of the Commission on Cancer of the American College of Surgeons from 1985 to 1997. The duration of follow-up ranged from 1 to 282 months. The study analysis was conducted from June 10, 2019, to March 18, 2020. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Analysis of OS and RFS in patients who underwent chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or endocrine therapy alone compared with no systemic or locoregional therapy. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate independent performance and 95% CI of age, tumor size, number of positive nodes (nodal status), tumor grades 2 and 3, p53 status, estrogen receptor (ER) status, and<i>ERBB2</i>(formerly<i>HER2</i>) status. <h3>Results</h3> Among 956 participants, median age was 61 (range, 25-96) years. Age (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.24; 95% CI, 1.27-3.94;<i>P</i> = .01) and high grade (AHR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.09-3.86;<i>P</i> = .02), in addition to nodal status and tumor size, were independently associated with OS and RFS, respectively, in untreated patients. p53 status (AHR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.07-4.18;<i>P</i> = .03) and ER status (AHR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.23-0.92;<i>P</i> = .03) were associated with higher and lower risks of death, respectively, whereas nodal status (AHR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.06-1.20;<i>P</i> &lt; .005), high grade (AHR, 4.01; 95% CI, 1.51-10.70;<i>P</i> = .01), and<i>ERBB2</i>positivity (AHR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.25-5.70;<i>P</i> = .01) were associated with the risk of recurrence after endocrine therapy. Tumor size (AHR for OS, 2.76 [95% CI, 1.79-4.31;<i>P</i> &lt; .005]; AHR for RFS, 2.27 [95% CI, 1.23-4.18;<i>P</i> = .01]) and<i>ERBB2</i>status (AHR for OS, 5.35 [95% CI, 1.31-21.98;<i>P</i> = .02]; AHR for RFS, 6.05 [95% CI, 1.48-24.78;<i>P</i> = .01]) were independently associated with radiotherapy outcomes, and nodal status was significantly associated with chemotherapy outcomes (AHR for OS, 1.06 [95% CI, 1.02-1.09;<i>P</i> &lt; .005]; AHR for RFS, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.01-1.09;<i>P</i> = .01]). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this study, independent prognostic factors were associated with specific treatment and weighted by the outcome category with reference to untreated patients within biological and clinical contexts.
Obesity and covid-19: the role of the food industry
Authors: Robert C Van de Graaf, Leonard Hofstra
Journal: BMJ (2020)

<b>Background:</b> Annexin A5 is thought to have a role in the pathophysiology of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)—a syndrome characterised by recurrent thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity. <b>Objective:</b> To investigate whether anti-annexin A5 immunoglobulin (Ig)M or IgG antibodies, or the −1C→T polymorphism of annexin A5, is a risk factor for thrombosis or miscarriage, and whether the −1C→T polymorphism is correlated with APS. <b>Methods:</b> A cohort study was carried out with a population of 198 patients with primary APS, systemic lupus erythematosus or lupus-like disease. For the detection of anti-annexin A5 antibodies and the measurement of annexin A5 plasma levels, ELISA-type methods were used. The annexin A5 −1C→T mutation was detected by restriction fragment length polymorphism. <b>Results:</b> 71 patients were positive for annexin A5 IgM or IgG antibodies, of whom 53 patients were positive for anti-annexin A5 IgG antibodies and 27 of 198 patients were positive for anti-annexin A5 IgM antibodies. The prevalence of IgM or IgG anti-annexin A5 antibodies was not significantly associated with thrombosis or miscarriage on multivariate analysis. The prevalence of the −1C→T mutation in the <i>annexin A5</i> gene (46/198 patients) was significantly associated with miscarriage (odds ratio 2.7, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 6.7, independent risk factor). <b>Conclusion:</b> The detection of anti-annexin A5 antibodies does not seem relevant for estimating the risk for thrombosis or miscarriage in APS. The −1C→T mutation was an independent risk factor for miscarriage, which is independent of APS.
Abstract 16032: Determinants of Exercise Capacity Assessed Using Combined Stress Echocardiography and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Patients Treated for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Krzysztof Smarz, Tomasz Jaxa-Chamiec, Beata Zaborska, Maciej Tysarowski, Andrzej Budaj
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Exercise capacity (EC) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) influences prognosis, but the causes of its reduction are complex and not sufficiently studied. Methods: We prospectively enrolled consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for their first AMI without residual coronary stenosis and with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) &gt; 40% more than 4 weeks after the AMI. We performed combined stress echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET-SE) using a semi-supine cycle ergometer to determine predictors of EC (peak oxygen uptake [VO 2 ]). Results: Among 81 patients (70% male, mean age 58 ± 11 years), 40% suffered AMI with ST-segment elevation (STEMI), and 60% non-STEMI, LVEF was 57 ± 7%; wall motion score index, 1.18 (IQR 1.06 - 1.31); peak VO 2 , 19.5 ± 5.4 mL/kg/min. Multivariate analysis ( Table ) revealed that parameters at peak exercise: heart rate (β = 0.17, p &lt; 0.001), stroke volume (β = 0.09, p &lt; 0.001), and arteriovenous oxygen difference (β = 93.51, p &lt; 0.001) were independently positively correlated with peak VO 2 , with arteriovenous oxygen difference being its strongest contributor. At rest, left ventricular systolic and diastolic function parameters and the extent of myocardial scarring (wall motion score index) did not predict EC (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: In patients treated for AMI with normal/mildly reduced LVEF, EC is associated with peak peripheral oxygen extraction as well as peak heart rate and peak stroke volume. CPET-SE is a useful tool to evaluate decreased fitness in this group.
An extracorporeal bioartificial liver embedded with 3D-layered human liver progenitor-like cells relieves acute liver failure in pigs
Authors: Wei-Jian Li, Xue-Jing Zhu, Tian-Jie Yuan, Zhen-Yu Wang, Zheng-Qian Bian, Hong-Shu Jing, Xiao Shi, Cai-Yang Chen, Gong-Bo Fu, Wei-Jian Huang, Yao-Ping Shi, Qian Liu, Min Zeng, Hong-Dan Zhang, Hong-Ping Wu, Wei-Feng Yu, Bo Zhai, He-Xin Yan
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2020)

A bioartificial liver device containing human progenitor-like cells attenuates acute damage and inflammation, enhancing liver regeneration in pigs.