tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Infections in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Authors: Sutthichai Sae-Tia, Jarushka Naidoo, Seema Mehta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

155 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) - anti-PD-1 (nivolumab, pembrolizumab), anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab, avelumab), anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) - have improved outcomes for several malignancies. ICIs may cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs), often treated with immunosuppression. The incidence of infections arising de novo during ICI therapy or from immunosuppression for irAEs is not well described. Methods: In- and outpatients receiving ICIs were referred for Infectious Diseases consultation between 6/2011-6/2018. Twenty-five were randomly selected for retrospective summarization of the spectrum of infections. Diagnosis of infection was made by the primary oncologist, based upon clinical/radiographic/laboratory data. Results: Solid tumor (24, 96%) and hematologic malignancies (1, 4%) were represented (Table). All 25 had infections. 15 (60%) were male; median age 58 years (29-97). 17 (68%) had irAEs: pneumonitis (10, 40%), thyroiditis (5, 20%), colitis (5, 20%), hepatitis (4, 16%), dermatitis (4, 16%) and myocarditis (1, 4%). 17 (68%) patients developed +1 irAE. 50% with pneumonitis were concurrently treated for pneumonia. Of the 25, 17 (72%) developed de novo infections on ICIs; whereas others were receiving systemic corticosteroids (7, 28%) or infliximab (1, 4%). Initial infections included pneumonia (13, 52%), bacteremia (3, 12%), sinusitis (2, 8%), wound infection (2, 8%), viral infections (HSV, CMV, HCV; 1, 4% each) and 1 (4%) each of empyema, UTI, peritonitis, osteomyelitis, and meningitis. 44% (11) developed a second infection within 60 days of the first. Conclusions: Patients receiving ICIs for cancer developed a myriad of infections, both de novo during ICI therapy, or consequent to immunosuppression for irAEs. Second infections are common, occurring in nearly half the patients. Awareness of this is vital for early diagnosis and appropriate management. Patients with suspected ICI-related infection. (n=25). [Table: see text]
Protecting Pregnant Women With Substance Use Disorders and Their Neonates Participating in Research
Authors: Jonathan M. Davis, Lynne Yao, Barbara E. Bierer
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A retrospective study on the role of diabetes and metformin in colorectal cancer disease progression.
Authors: Ravi Ramjeesingh, Christine Orr, Lyndsay Richardson, Nazik Hammad
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

1593 Background: Recent studies have suggested a potential epidemiological role for diabetes as an independent risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). These studies have furthermore suggested patients with diabetes who develop colorectal cancer have an increased mortality. Methods: To identify a potential correlation between CRC and diabetes, we are performing a retrospective chart review of CRC patients treated at the Cancer Center of Southeastern Ontario diagnosed from January 2005 to December 2011. 1,300 colorectal cancer patient charts have been identified through Ontario Cancer Registry Data based on confirmed ICD-10 diagnosis codes and the variables of 200 random patients have been extracted into our database thus far. The final analysis will be completed April 2013. Results: Preliminary analysis of the database has indicated that the average age of patients with CRC was 69 years with 55% being women. The incidence of diabetes in our CRC population was 19%, double the rate of diabetes in the general population in Canada. As expected, the rate of co-morbidities excluding diabetes was higher in the diabetic group (92.9% vs 69.3%; p=0.004). When we looked at the diabetic population specifically, the rate of death was not significantly different compared to the non-diabetic population (13.2% vs 12.7%, p=0.94), however those with diabetes presented with later-stage (stage 2/3/4) disease (92.1% versus 88.6%). The average number of days from the time of diagnosis to death in the diabetic group (200 days) was half compared to the non-diabetic group (420 days, p=0.014). However, there was no statistical difference in the percentage of progression, number of different metastatic sites or the burden of metastatic disease amongst the two populations. A subgroup analysis of diabetic patients on metformin illustrated that the death rate (p=0.06), rate of progression (33% vs 20%) and those presenting with later stage disease was higher in patients not on metformin compared to those on the drug. Conclusions: Our preliminary work suggests diabetics with CRC may have a worst prognosis however taking metformin may have a positive impact on prognosis.
The firm: continuity was the key
Authors: Roderick Lawson
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Rimmer’s article about the firm made me reflect on the structure I grew up with.1 The firm was an organic social structure in which work and learning could take place, with emotional and technical support. It enhanced team working and improved morale.

I disagree that work intensity has increased. In my first post I worked an 11 hour day, carrying out all pleural procedures, and worked every second night and weekend too. Two …
Evaluation of tobacco use and HER2 receptor expression in breast cancer in an ethnically diverse inner-city population.
Authors: Tadeu Frantz Ambros, Damien Mikael Hansra, Ravi Patel, Tulay Koru-Sengul, Wei Zhao, Feng Miao, Stacey Tannenbaum, Alicia P Monedero, David J Lee, Margaret M Byrne, Judith Hurley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e11611 Background: Tobacco is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States and is linked to many cancers. Despite overwhelming biological plausibility and over four decades of epidemiological studies, no definite association has been established between tobacco and breast cancer. Ovarian, stomach, and uterine cancer are associated with tobacco consumption and these cancers express HER-2. Although estrogen receptor status has been looked at as a variable there has been no evaluation of the role of HER-2 and smoking in breast cancer. Methods: A retrospective review of medical records from patients treated at the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital from 1998-2012 was undertaken after IRB approval. The incidence of smoking and HER-2 expression in a population of 1255 women was evaluated. Data was analyzed by age, race, ethnic group, menopausal status, tumor stage, and ER/PR/HER-2 receptor status. Results: 1255 charts were analyzed with 1094 having full information. Median age was 56 (range 22 to 94). Smoking rates were significantly higher in Caucasian versus African American women (47.4% vs. 17.1%, P&lt;0.01) and in Latin versus African American women (24.7% vs. 17.1%, P&lt;0.01). Overall rate of HER-2 expression 18.1%. The rate of HER-2 expression was 21.4% in smokers and 17.0% in non-smokers (p=0.10). The rate of HER-2 expression was 10.8% in Caucasian smokers and 9.8% in Caucasian non-smokers (p=0.88); 24.5% in smokers of African descent and 17.3% in non-smokers of African descent (p=0.24); 22.9% in Latino smokers and 17.4% in Latino non-smokers (p=0.10). The rate of HER-2 /ER expression was 9.4% in smokers and 7.9% in non-smokers (p=0.42); 5.4% in Caucasian smokers and 4.9% in Caucasian non-smokers (p=0.916); 12.2% in smokers of African descent and 5.9% in non-smokers of African descent (p=0.11); 9.5% in Latin smokers and 8.8% in Latin non-smokers (p=0.77). Conclusions: We found non-statistically significant positive associations in all analyses between HER-2 expression with or without ER expression and tobacco exposure when analyzed by ethnicity. A larger number of patients needs to be investigated in order to clarify this relationship.
Abstract 12147: Bisoprolol Improves Rv Function and Hypertrophy via Anti-fibrotic and Anti-hypertrophic Effects in PA Banded Rat
Authors: Takashi Urashima, Miki Itohisa, Yoichiro Kusakari, Sadataka Kawachi, Reiji Ito, Masako Fujiwara, Kimihiko Oishi, Hiroyuki Ida
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: Right ventricle (RV) failure is one of the significant complications in patients with congenital heart disease involving right-sided obstructive lesions (e.g., tetralogy of Fallot), p...
Comparison of Cancer Burden and Nonprofit Organization Funding Reveals Disparities in Funding Across Cancer Types
Authors: Suneel D. Kamath, Sheetal M. Kircher, Al B. Benson
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2019)

Abstract Background: Nonprofit organizations (NPOs) in oncology are vital for patient advocacy and funding research for rare cancers, young investigators, and innovative projects. However, some cancers may be underfunded relative to their burden. This study examined the alignment of cancer burden by histology with NPO funding for each histology. Patients and Methods: This nationwide, cross-sectional study conducted from October 2017 through February 2018 included all oncology NPOs with &gt;$5 million in annual revenue. Total revenue from NPOs supporting individual cancer types with the incidence, mortality, and person-years of life lost (PYLL) for each cancer type was compared using scatter plots and Pearson correlation coefficients. Correlation of expenditure types (eg, fundraising, patient education) with revenue was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients. Effect of disease association with a stigmatized behavior (eg, lung cancer and smoking) was evaluated using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 119 cancer-related NPOs were included, generating approximately $6 billion in annual revenue in 2015. Cancers with the largest revenue were breast cancer ($460 million; 33.2%), leukemia ($201 million; 14.5%), pediatric cancers ($177 million; 12.8%), and lymphoma ($145 million; 10.5%). Breast cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, and pediatric cancers were all well funded compared with their incidence, mortality, and PYLL. Gastrointestinal (colorectal, pancreas, and hepatobiliary), gynecologic (ovarian, cervical, and endometrial), brain, and lung cancers were poorly funded in all 3 metrics. All cancers associated with a stigmatized behavior were poorly funded in at least 2 metrics. Increased spending on fundraising, administrative costs, patient education, and treatment was highly correlated with increased revenue (Pearson correlation coefficients all &gt;0.92). Conclusions: NPO funding by cancer type is not proportionate with individual cancer burden on society. Disease stigma negatively impacts funding. A significant need exists to increase awareness and funding for many undersupported but common and highly lethal cancers.
Author Correction: Slc12a8 is a nicotinamide mononucleotide transporter
Authors: Alessia Grozio, Kathryn F. Mills, Jun Yoshino, Santina Bruzzone, Giovanna Sociali, Kyohei Tokizane, Hanyue Cecilia Lei, Richard Cunningham, Yo Sasaki, Marie E. Migaud, Shin-ichiro Imai
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2019)
Abstract 16248: Aortopathy In Turner's Syndrome - A Potentially Lethal Complication
Authors: Preeti Choudhary, Carla Canniffe, Harry Klimis, Johan Duflou, Kevin Walsh, David S Celermajer
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Aims: Prompted by a recent death in a Turner’s syndrome (TS) patient with a mildly dilated aortic root on MRI, we conducted a dual-centre retrospective study to describe the prevalence patterns of ...
Association of Lifespan Cognitive Reserve Indicator With Dementia Risk in the Presence of Brain Pathologies
Authors: Hui Xu, Rongrong Yang, Xiuying Qi, Christina Dintica, Ruixue Song, David A. Bennett, Weili Xu
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2019)

Evidence on the association of lifespan cognitive reserve (CR) with dementia is limited, and the strength of this association in the presence of brain pathologies is unknown.
Drug-Eluting Balloon Versus Drug-Eluting Stent for Complex Femoropopliteal Arterial Lesions
Authors: Francesco Liistro, Paolo Angioli, Italo Porto, Kenneth Ducci, Giovanni Falsini, Giorgio Ventoruzzo, Lucia Ricci, Alessia Scatena, Simone Grotti, Leonardo Bolognese
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in elderly patients with glioblastoma.
Authors: Neda Hashemi-Sadraei, Roozbeh Sharif, Jorge Machicado, Saurabh Dahiya, Manmeet Singh Ahluwalia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e13031 Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Physicians are reluctant to administer anticoagulants to GBM patients with VTE, particularly to the elderly patients. Methods: After obtaining IRB approval, the Cleveland Clinic Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center’s database was used to identify patients with histologically confirmed GBM who were diagnosed with VTE and were ≥65 years of age at the time of diagnosis of GBM. Bivariate comparison of demographic and clinical features was performed by occurrence of DVT, using t-test for continuous data and fishers exact test for categorical variables. Multivariate proportional hazard model was developed adjusting for number of comorbidities (none, 1, 2-3, &gt;3), Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) at presentation (&gt;70, ≤70), age (&gt;75, ≤75), race, treatment (chemotherapy, radiation therapy, tumor resection). All p-values were 2-sided and were considered significant when &lt;0.005. Results: Chart records of 517 patients diagnosed between 1990 and 2010 were included for analysis. Among 517 cases, 99 patients (54% male, median age at presentation 72 years, range 65-92 years) developed VTE. Median follow-up was 6.58 ± 9.58 months. Eighty-nine (90.8%) cases were diagnosed within 3 months of craniotomy. On univariable analysis, risk factors for VTE included lower KPS (HR 0.98, CI 0.96– 0.99, p = 0.001), thalamic tumors (HR 3.11, CI 1.14– 8.50, p = 0.027), and lower extremity paresis (HR 2.24, CI 1.46-3.46, p &lt; 0.0001). Caucasian patients had a lower trend for developing VTE, however this was not statistically significant. On multivariable analysis, lower KPS was found to be related with higher incidence of VTE (HR 0.35, CI 0.18 – 0.66, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Lower KPS is associated with higher incidence of VTE. Further studies are needed to determine risk stratification and whether the use of medical prophylaxis after neurosurgical intervention can lead to decrease in the rates of VTE in elderly GBM patients.
2 years of calorie restriction and cardiometabolic risk (CALERIE): exploratory outcomes of a multicentre, phase 2, randomised controlled trial
Authors: William E Kraus, Manjushri Bhapkar, Kim M Huffman, Carl F Pieper, Sai Krupa Das, Leanne M Redman, Dennis T Villareal, James Rochon, Susan B Roberts, Eric Ravussin, John O Holloszy, Luigi Fontana
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2019)
Case 22-2019: A 65-Year-Old Woman with Weakness, Dark Urine, and Dysphagia
Authors: Mason W. Freeman, Ajay K. Singh, Amanda C. Guidon, Sheila L. Arvikar, Robert H. Goldstein, Nathan F. Clement
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

A 65-year-old woman was admitted to this hospital because of falls, weakness, dark urine, and difficulty swallowing. Her medical history was notable for nonischemic cardiomyopathy and embolic stroke affecting the left side of the body. The creatine kinase level was 20,793 U per liter (normal range, 40 to 150). Diagnostic tests were performed.
Midostaurin Reduces Bite® Mediated Cytotoxicity Against Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Bettina Lindl, Christina Krupka, Tara Chapman-Arvedson, Roman Kischel, Peter Kufer, Sascha Haubner, Felix S. Lichtenegger, Thomas Koehnke, Klaus H. Metzeler, Nikola Konstandin, Karsten Spiekermann, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Marion Subklewe
Journal: Blood (2017)
Pembrolizumab After Completion of Locally Ablative Therapy for Oligometastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Joshua M. Bauml, Rosemarie Mick, Christine Ciunci, Charu Aggarwal, Christiana Davis, Tracey Evans, Charuhas Deshpande, Linda Miller, Pooja Patel, Evan Alley, Christina Knepley, Faith Mutale, Roger B. Cohen, Corey J. Langer
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2019)

Patients with oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may benefit from locally ablative therapy (LAT) such as surgery or stereotactic radiotherapy. Prior studies were conducted before the advent of immunotherapy, and a strong biological rationale for the use of immunotherapy exists in a minimal residual disease state.To evaluate whether the addition of pembrolizumab after LAT improves outcomes for patients with oligometastatic NSCLC.This single-arm phase 2 trial of pembrolizumab therapy was performed from February 1, 2015, through September 30, 2017, at an academic referral cancer center. The 51 eligible patients enrolled had oligometastatic NSCLC (≤4 metastatic sites) and had completed LAT to all known sites of disease. Data were analyzed from February 1, 2015, to August 23, 2018.Within 4 to 12 weeks of completing LAT, patients began intravenous pembrolizumab therapy, 200 mg every 21 days, for 8 cycles, with provision to continue to 16 cycles in the absence of progressive disease or untoward toxic effects.The 2 primary efficacy end points were progression-free survival (PFS) from the start of LAT (PFS-L), which preceded enrollment in the trial, and PFS from the start of pembrolizumab therapy (PFS-P). The study was powered for comparison with historical data on the first efficacy end point. Secondary outcomes included overall survival, safety, and quality of life as measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung instrument.Of 51 patients enrolled, 45 (24 men [53%]; median age, 64 years [range, 46-82 years]) received pembrolizumab. At the time of analysis, 24 patients had progressive disease or had died. Median PFS-L was 19.1 months (95% CI, 9.4-28.7 months), significantly greater than the historical median of 6.6 months (P = .005). Median PFS-P was 18.7 months (95% CI, 10.1-27.1 months). Eleven patients died. Overall mean (SE) survival rate at 12 months was 90.9% (4.3%); at 24 months, 77.5% (6.7%). Neither programmed death ligand 1 expression nor CD8 T-cell tumor infiltration was associated with PFS-L. Pembrolizumab after LAT yielded no new safety signals and no reduction in quality of life.Pembrolizumab after LAT for oligometastatic NSCLC appears to improve PFS with no reduction in quality of life.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02316002.
Profiling cancer-related distress and problems: A latent class analysis approach.
Authors: Alessandro Rossi, Maria Marconi, Stefania Mannarini, India Minelli, Chiara Fusi, Monica Anderboni, Chiara Rossini, Giuseppe Di Lucca, Claudio Verusio
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

e23191 Background: Psychological distresses, emotional troubles, social difficulties as well as both physical and practical issues are all among oppressive problems that oncological patients have to face almost every day. On one hand, these problems seem to have a strong impact on quality of life; and to the other hand, these issues seem to be related to specific cancer-related variables ( e.g.: type and localization of the tumor). Thus, the aim of the study was to use a Latent Class Analysis (LCA) approach to profile a latent structure accounting for the covariance between psychological distress and everyday problems due to cancer. A one-factor model with three classes was hypothesized, which comprised distress and cancer-related problems as indicators and age, type of medical treatment as well as type and localization of tumor as external variables that moderate the latent structure. Methods: Patients ( N = 264, 62.3% female, mean age = 65.3, SD = 12.4) were enrolled at the Oncology Day Hospital, “Presidio Ospedaliero” of Saronno, ASST Valle Olona, Italy. Using the standardized Distress Thermometer and Problem List (TD&amp;PL; NCCN, 2015) patients were tested for: (A) distress; (B) practical problems (Cronbach’s α = .63); (C) social difficulties (Cronbach’s α = .65); (D) emotional issues (Cronbach’s α = .86) and (E) physical problems (Cronbach’s α = .77). Results: First of all, a CFA was performed to test the original factorial structure of the DT&amp;PL. The original five factor solution was supported by adequate fit indices: RMSEA = .063; CFI = .924. Then, the LCA (10000 bootstrap resampling) shows the goodness-of-model fit [χ 2 = 10.01; p = .11; LRχ 2 = 9.30; p = .09] and the goodness-of-classification quality [Entropy = .80 ( &gt; .7); Average-Latent-Class-Assignment-Probability: .975, .900, and .902 for Class1, Class2, and Class3, respectively]. The LCA identified a latent variable with three classes (VLMR = 193.38; p &lt; .001; Class1 = .49%; Class2 = .23%, and Class3 = .28%). In addition, interactions with the latent variable were found for age ( β = .12; p = .039), type of medical treatment ( β = .29; p = .009), as well as type and localization of tumor ( β = .20; p = .025). Conclusions: These results provided a better understand of psychological distress and cancer-related issues: each class represents a specific “profile” – moderated by age, type of medical treatment, and type and localization of tumor. These results recommend paying more attention to the specific profile expressed by the patient suggesting new ways to improve their quality of life.
Ramucirumab in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and elevated alpha-fetoprotein following sorafenib: outcomes by prior transarterial chemoembolisation from two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 studies (REACH-2 and REACH)
Authors: T. Meyer, R. Finn, M. Kudo, Y. Kang, C. Yen, P. Galle, J. Llovet, E. Assenat, G. Brandi, K. Motomura, T. Okusaka, R. Hubner, M. Karwal, A. Baron, M. Ikeda, K. Liang, C. Wang, R. Widau, W. Schelman, A. Zhu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Humanized CD19-specific chimeric antigen-receptor T-cells in 2 adults with newly diagnosed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Jiang Cao, Hai Cheng, Ming Shi, Gang Wang, Wei Chen, Kunming Qi, Huizhong Li, Jianlin Qiao, Jing Zhao, Qingyun Wu, Lingyu Zeng, Guangjun Jing, Junnian Zheng, Kailin Xu
Journal: Leukemia (2019)
Obinutuzumab and ibrutinib induction therapy followed by a minimal residual disease-driven strategy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (ICLL07 FILO): a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial
Authors: Anne-Sophie Michallet, Marie-Sarah Dilhuydy, Fabien Subtil, Valerie Rouille, Beatrice Mahe, Kamel Laribi, Bruno Villemagne, Gilles Salles, Olivier Tournilhac, Alain Delmer, Christelle Portois, Brigitte Pegourie, Veronique Leblond, Cecile Tomowiak, Sophie de Guibert, Frederique Orsini, Anne Banos, Philippe Carassou, Guillaume Cartron, Luc Mathieu Fornecker, Loic Ysebaert, Caroline Dartigeas, Malgorzata Truchan Graczyk, Jean P Vilque, Thérèse Aurran, Florence Cymbalista, Stéphane Lepretre, Vincent Lévy, Florence Nguyen-Khac, Magali Le Garff-Tavernier, Carmen Aanei, Michel Ticchioni, Rémi Letestu, Pierre Feugier
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2019)