tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The safety of isoniazid tuberculosis preventive treatment in pregnant and postpartum women: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yohhei Hamada, Carmen Figueroa, Mario Martín-Sánchez, Dennis Falzon, Avinash Kanchar
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment for high-risk groups. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) has been used globally for this purpose for many years, including in pregnancy. This review assessed current knowledge about the safety of IPT in pregnancy. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Global Health Library and HIV and TB-related conference abstracts, until May 15, 2019, for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised studies (NRS) where IPT was administered to pregnant women. Outcomes of interest were: 1) maternal outcomes, including permanent drug discontinuation due to adverse drug reactions, any grade 3 or 4 drug-related toxic effects, death from any cause and hepatotoxicity; and 2) pregnancy outcomes, including in utero fetal death, neonatal death or stillbirth, preterm delivery/prematurity, intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight and congenital anomalies. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model. Results After screening 1342 citations, nine studies (of 34 to 51 942 participants) met inclusion criteria. We found an increased likelihood of hepatotoxicity among pregnant women given IPT (risk ratio 1.64, 95% CI 0.78–3.44) compared with no IPT exposure in one RCT. Four studies reported on pregnancy outcomes comparing IPT exposure to no exposure among pregnant women with HIV. In one RCT, adverse pregnancy outcomes were associated with IPT exposure during pregnancy (odds ratio (OR) 1.51, 95% CI 1.09–2.10), but three NRS showed a protective effect. Conclusions We found inconsistent associations between IPT and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Considering the grave consequences of active TB in pregnancy, current evidence does not support systematic deferral of IPT until postpartum. Research on safety is needed.
Abstract 19853: Development of a Risk Prediction Model of Inhospital Mortality in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated With Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Jeong Hoon Yang, Ki Hong Choi, Taek Kyu Park, Seung-Hyuk Choi, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: There are limited data to develop a risk prediction model of in-hospital mortality for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients treated with venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxy...
The relationship between splenic volume change and hypersplenism with graft function after liver transplantation in pediatric patients
Authors: Güleç Mert Doğan, Sait Murat Doğan, Serdar Karakaş, Gökalp Okut, Hilal Er Ulubaba, Ahmet Siğirci, Ramazan Kutlu, Sezai Yilmaz
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2020)
Upregulated E3 ligase tripartite motif‐containing protein 21 in psoriatic epidermis ubiquitylates nuclear factor‐κB p65 subunit and promotes inflammation in keratinocytes*
Authors: L. Yang, T. Zhang, C. Zhang, C. Xiao, X. Bai, G. Wang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Tripartite motif‐containing protein 21 (Trim21) is an E3 ubiquitin‐protein ligase that plays pivotal roles in various diseases. However, its role in mediating keratinocyte inflammation, which is a hallmark of psoriasis, has not been thoroughly elucidated. To clarify whether Trim21 plays a pivotal role in regulating keratinocyte inflammation in psoriasis, while focusing on identifying key Trim21 substrates involved in mediating proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. Cytokine and chemokine secretion was examined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in Trim21‐knockdown human keratinocytes. Downstream pathways and substrates of Trim21 were evaluated using immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. The influence of Trim21 ubiquitination on its substrates was tested by in vitro ubiquitination assay, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. The effectiveness of targeting Trim21 for psoriasis treatment was assessed in vivo with haematoxylin and eosin staining, immunofluorescence and qPCR. Knocking down Trim21 expression alleviated keratinocyte inflammation. Trim21 colocalized with p65/nuclear factor (NF)‐κB in the cytosol and physically bound and ubiquitinated p65 via a lysine 63 (K63) linkage. Instead of changing p65 protein stability, Trim21 enhanced the interaction of p65 with IκB kinase, which promoted p65 phosphorylation, nuclear transport and downstream gene activation. Finally, both in vitro and in vivo experiments verified that topical application of Trim21‐specific small interfering RNA markedly ameliorated imiquimod‐induced psoriasis‐like lesions. Our study confirms that upregulated Trim21 in psoriatic epidermis ubiquitylates p65 and activates the NF‐κB pathway, which promotes keratinocyte inflammation. Hence, Trim21 represents a potential target for psoriasis treatment.
Concerns Remain Regarding Long-term Ozone Exposure and Respiratory Outcomes
Authors: Minjing Luo, Ping Li, Wenquan Niu
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Improving Access to Clinical Trials for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Treatment
Authors: Maya Vijayaraghavan
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Calreticulin haploinsufficiency augments stem cell activity and is required for onset of myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Kotaro Shide, Takuro Kameda, Ayako Kamiunten, Yoshinori Ozono, Yuki Tahira, Takako Yokomizo-Nakano, Sho Kubota, Masaya Ono, Kazuhiko Ikeda, Masaaki Sekine, Keiichi Akizuki, Kenichi Nakamura, Tomonori Hidaka, Yoko Kubuki, Hisayoshi Iwakiri, Satoru Hasuike, Kenji Nagata, Goro Sashida, Kazuya Shimoda
Journal: Blood (2020)
Environmental temperature and growth faltering in African children: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lucy S Tusting, John Bradley, Samir Bhatt, Harry S Gibson, Daniel J Weiss, Fiona C Shenton, Steve W Lindsay
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2020)

BackgroundChild growth faltering persists in sub-Saharan Africa despite the scale-up of nutrition, water, and sanitation interventions over the past 2 decades. High temperatures have been hypothesised to contribute to child growth faltering via an adaptive response to heat, reduced appetite, and the energetic cost of thermoregulation. We did a cross-sectional study to assess whether child growth faltering is related to environmental temperature in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsData were extracted from 52 Demographic and Heath Surveys, dating from 2003 to 2016, that recorded anthropometric data in children aged 0–5 years, and were linked with remotely sensed monthly mean daytime land surface temperature for 2000–16. The odds of stunting (low height-for-age), wasting (low weight-for-height), and underweight (low weight-for-age) relative to monthly mean daytime land surface temperature were determined using multivariable logistic regression.FindingsThe study population comprised 656 107 children resident in 373 012 households. Monthly mean daytime land surface temperature above 35°C was associated with increases in the odds of wasting (odds ratio 1·27, 95% CI 1·16–1·38; p<0·0001), underweight (1·09, 1·02–1·16; p=0·0073), and concurrent stunting with wasting (1·23, 1·07–1·41; p=0·0037), but a reduction in stunting (0·90, 0·85–0·96; p=0·00047) compared with a monthly mean daytime land surface temperature of less than 30°C.InterpretationChildren living in hotter parts of sub-Saharan Africa are more likely to be wasted, underweight, and concurrently stunted and wasted, but less likely to be stunted, than in cooler areas. Studies are needed to further investigate the relationship between temperature and child growth, including whether there is a direct effect not mediated by food security, regional wealth, and other environmental variables. Rising temperature, linked to anthropogenic climate change, might increase child growth faltering in sub-Saharan Africa.FundingUK Medical Research Council and UK Global Challenges Research Fund.
Fostemsavir in Adults with Multidrug-Resistant HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Michael Kozal, Judith Aberg, Gilles Pialoux, Pedro Cahn, Melanie Thompson, Jean-Michel Molina, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Ricardo Diaz, Antonella Castagna, Princy Kumar, Gulam Latiff, Edwin DeJesus, Mark Gummel, Margaret Gartland, Amy Pierce, Peter Ackerman, Cyril Llamoso, Max Lataillade
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Among some patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection who have undergone multiple antiretroviral therapies and have limited options for treatment, new classes of antiretroviral drugs with novel mechanisms of action are needed. Fostemsavir is the prodrug of temsavir, a first-in-class investigational HIV-1 attachment inhibitor.
Rib Fractures, the Evidence Supporting Their Management, and Adherence to That Evidence Base
Authors: Garth H. Utter, Nikia R. McFadden
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Christopher J. Tignanelli, MD; Alexander Rix, MS; Lena M. Napolitano, MD; Mark R. Hemmila, MD; Sisi Ma, PhD; Erich Kummerfeld, PhD
Abstract 11121: Building Skeletal Muscle Regeneration Therapy for a Limb Ischemia by Administration of a Slow Release Synthetic Prostacyclin Agonist in Mouse
Authors: Nakagawa Takaya, Shigeru Miyagawa, Takashi Shibuya, Yoshiki Sakai, Akima Harada, Kenichi Watanabe, Takayoshi Ueno, Koichi Toda, Toru Kuratani, Yoshiki Sawa
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Clinical application of angiogenic therapy using gene or cell therapy for ASO could not conclude its efficacy because of its therapeutic target only to angiogenesis, proposing additio...
Universal Masking in Hospitals in the Covid-19 Era
Authors: Michael Klompas, Charles A. Morris, Julia Sinclair, Madelyn Pearson, Erica S. Shenoy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Universal Masking in Hospitals in the Covid-19 Era The extent of the marginal benefit of universal masking over and above foundational personal protection measures is debatable. But there may be ad...
Don’t judge a book by its cover: except during optical evaluation
Authors: Neal Shahidi, W Arnout van Hattem, Sergei Vosko, Michael J Bourke
Journal: Gut (2020)

A healthy 41-year-old female was referred for the endoscopic management of a large rectal laterally spreading lesion (LSL). On index colonoscopy, performed for the evaluation of rectal bleeding, multiple proximal sessile serrated polyps were identified meeting diagnostic criteria for serrated polyposis syndrome. Family history was notable for a sister with a history of sessile serrated polyps.

Using an Olympus 190 series high-definition colonoscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan), the lesion was evaluated under white-light (figure 1A), narrow-band imaging (NBI) (figure 1B) and near-focus (figure …
Abstract 12977: Normalization of Right Ventricular Size Can Be Predicted by Its Size Before Transcatheter Closure in Adult Atrial Septal Defect Patients
Authors: Shintaro Umemoto, Ichiro Sakamoto, Kohtaro Abe, Ayako Ishikita, Yuzo Yamasaki, Ken-ichi Hiasa, Tomomi Ide, Hiroyuki Tsutsui
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Atrial septal defect (ASD) causes right ventricular (RV) volume overload which often leads to RV dilatation and failure. The latest AHA/ACC guideline recommends early interventions in...
Microenvironmental Th9 and Th17 lymphocytes induce metastatic spreading in lung cancer
Authors: Ylia Salazar, Xiang Zheng, David Brunn, Hartmann Raifer, Felix Picard, Yajuan Zhang, Hauke Winter, Stefan Guenther, Andreas Weigert, Benno Weigmann, Laure Dumoutier, Jean-Christophe Renauld, Ari Waisman, Anja Schmall, Amanda Tufman, Ludger Fink, Bernhard Brüne, Tobias Bopp, Friedrich Grimminger, Werner Seeger, Soni Savai Pullamsetti, Magdalena Huber, Rajkumar Savai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

Immune microenvironment plays a critical role in lung cancer control versus progression and metastasis. In this investigation, we explored the effect of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte subpopulations on lung cancer biology by studying in vitro cocultures, in vivo mouse models, and human lung cancer tissue. Lymphocyte conditioned media (CM) induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration in both primary human lung cancer cells and cell lines. Correspondingly, major accumulation of Th9 and Th17 cells was detected in human lung cancer tissue and correlated with poor survival. Coculturing lung cancer cells with Th9/Th17 cells or exposing them to the respective CM induced EMT in cancer cells and modulated the expression profile of genes implicated in EMT and metastasis. These features were reproduced by the signatory cytokines IL-9 and IL-17, with gene regulatory profiles evoked by these cytokines partly overlapping and partly complementary. Coinjection of Th9/Th17 cells with tumor cells in WT, Rag1-/-, Il9r-/-, and Il17ra-/- mice altered tumor growth and metastasis. Accordingly, inhibition of IL-9 or IL-17 cytokines by neutralizing antibodies decreased EMT and slowed lung cancer progression and metastasis. In conclusion, Th9 and Th17 lymphocytes induce lung cancer cell EMT, thereby promoting migration and metastatic spreading and offering potentially novel therapeutic strategies.
Meta-analysis of 542,934 subjects of European ancestry identifies new genes and mechanisms predisposing to refractive error and myopia
Authors: Pirro G. Hysi, Hélène Choquet, Anthony P. Khawaja, Robert Wojciechowski, Milly S. Tedja, Jie Yin, Mark J. Simcoe, Karina Patasova, Omar A. Mahroo, Khanh K. Thai, Phillippa M. Cumberland, Ronald B. Melles, Virginie J. M. Verhoeven, Veronique Vitart, Ayellet Segre, Richard A. Stone, Nick Wareham, Alex W. Hewitt, David A. Mackey, Caroline C. W. Klaver, Stuart MacGregor, Peng T. Khaw, Paul J. Foster, Jeremy A. Guggenheim, Jugnoo S. Rahi, Eric Jorgenson, Christopher J. Hammond
Journal: Nature Genetics (2020)
Feeding Low-Income Children during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Caroline G. Dunn, Erica Kenney, Sheila E. Fleischhacker, Sara N. Bleich
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Feeding Low-Income Children during the Pandemic U.S. government programs serve nearly 35 million children daily, delivering vital nutrition and financial assistance to families in need. With such p...
Abstract P4-13-12: Impact of an image fusion technique for preoperative planning in breast conserving surgery in patients with non -mass enhancement on MRI
Authors: Shogo Nakano, Kimihito Fujii, Yukako Mouri, Junko Kousaka, Takahito Ando, Mirai Ido, Manami Goto, Yukie Ito, Hirona Banno, Kenjiro Suzuki
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract [Objective] The potential benefit of preoperative MRI is still being controversial and international guidelines do not recommend MRI for routine preoperative assessment. However, when breast conserving surgery (BCS) is considered for non-mass enhancement (NME), an area of enhancement without an associated space occupying mass or focus, biopsy-proven malignancy, the precise localization in surgical position is required. Although breast ultrasound (US) plays an adjunctive role in evaluation of MRI findings in preoperative planning for BCS, the US morphology least likely to have an US correlation was NME, not a mass enhancement or a focus, and the identification rate of NME in second look US was heterogeneous. Recently, real-time virtual sonography (RVS), which coordinates US with MRI that uses an image fusion technique by using magnet position tracking system, has been introduced in breast imaging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative planning using RVS on BCS in patients with NME. [Methods] We enrolled 12 consecutive patients who had lesions with NME that exceeded the US hypoechoic area, in which it was particularly difficult to evaluate the tumor margin. During preoperative planning before BCS, RVS was used to delineate the enhancing area on the breast surface after additional supine breast MRI was performed. We analyzed both the surgical margin positivity rate and the reoperation rate. [Results] The preoperative diagnosis by core needle biopsy were 7 DCIS and 5 invasive ductal carcinoma. NME distribution types were 5 segmental, 4 branching-ductal and 3 regional. The median diameters of the NME and hypo-echoic lesions were 24 mm (range: 12-39 mm) and 8.0 mm (range: 4.9-18 mm), respectively (p = 0.0002). After RVS-derived skin marking was performed on the surface of the affected breast, 7 lumpectomy and 5 quadrantectomy were conducted. The surgical margins were positive in 2 (17%) patients. The patients with positive margins were found to have ductal carcinoma in situ. None of the patients required additional resection. [Conclusion] Although further prospective studies are required, the findings of our preliminary study suggest that preoperative planning using RVS for BCS in patients with NME could improve both a surgical margin positive rate and a reoperation rate. Citation Format: Shogo Nakano, Kimihito Fujii, Yukako Mouri, Junko Kousaka, Takahito Ando, Mirai Ido, Manami Goto, Yukie Ito, Hirona Banno, Kenjiro Suzuki. Impact of an image fusion technique for preoperative planning in breast conserving surgery in patients with non -mass enhancement on MRI [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-13-12.
Apixaban for the Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism Associated with Cancer
Authors: Giancarlo Agnelli, Cecilia Becattini, Guy Meyer, Andres Muñoz, Menno V. Huisman, Jean M. Connors, Alexander Cohen, Rupert Bauersachs, Benjamin Brenner, Adam Torbicki, Maria R. Sueiro, Catherine Lambert, Gualberto Gussoni, Mauro Campanini, Andrea Fontanella, Giorgio Vescovo, Melina Verso
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Recent guidelines recommend consideration of the use of oral edoxaban or rivaroxaban for the treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. However, the benefit of these oral agents is limited by the increased risk of bleeding associated with their use.This was a multinational, randomized, investigator-initiated, open-label, noninferiority trial with blinded central outcome adjudication. We randomly assigned consecutive patients with cancer who had symptomatic or incidental acute proximal deep-vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism to receive oral apixaban (at a dose of 10 mg twice daily for the first 7 days, followed by 5 mg twice daily) or subcutaneous dalteparin (at a dose of 200 IU per kilogram of body weight once daily for the first month, followed by 150 IU per kilogram once daily). The treatments were administered for 6 months. The primary outcome was objectively confirmed recurrent venous thromboembolism during the trial period. The principal safety outcome was major bleeding.Recurrent venous thromboembolism occurred in 32 of 576 patients (5.6%) in the apixaban group and in 46 of 579 patients (7.9%) in the dalteparin group (hazard ratio, 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37 to 1.07; P<0.001 for noninferiority). Major bleeding occurred in 22 patients (3.8%) in the apixaban group and in 23 patients (4.0%) in the dalteparin group (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.40 to 1.69; P = 0.60).Oral apixaban was noninferior to subcutaneous dalteparin for the treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism without an increased risk of major bleeding. (Funded by the Bristol-Myers Squibb-Pfizer Alliance; Caravaggio ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03045406.).