tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association Between CMS Quality Ratings and COVID-19 Outbreaks in Nursing Homes — West Virginia, March 17–June 11, 2020
Authors: David P. Bui, Isaac See, Elisabeth M. Hesse, Kate Varela, R. Reid Harvey, Euna M. August, Andrea Winquist, Samantha Mullins, Shannon McBee, Erica Thomasson, Amy Atkins
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

Nursing homes are high-risk settings for outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (1,2). During the COVID-19 pandemic, U.S. health departments worked to improve infection prevention and control (IPC) practices in nursing homes to prevent outbreaks and limit the spread of COVID-19 in affected facilities; however, limited resources have hampered health departments' ability to rapidly provide IPC support to all nursing homes within their jurisdictions. Since 2008, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has published health inspection results and quality ratings based on their Five-Star Quality Rating System for all CMS-certified nursing homes (3); these ratings might be associated with facility-level risk factors for COVID-19 outbreaks. On April 17, 2020, West Virginia became the first state to mandate and conduct COVID-19 testing for all nursing home residents and staff members to identify and reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in these settings (4). West Virginia's census of nursing home outbreaks was used to examine associations between CMS star ratings and COVID-19 outbreaks. Outbreaks, defined as two or more cases within 14 days (with at least one resident case), were identified in 14 (11%) of 123 nursing homes. Compared with 1-star-rated (lowest rated) nursing homes, the odds of a COVID-19 outbreak were 87% lower among 2- to 3-star-rated facilities (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.03-0.54) and 94% lower among 4- to 5-star-rated facilities (aOR = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.006-0.39). Health departments could use star ratings to help identify priority nursing homes in their jurisdictions to inform the allocation of IPC resources. Efforts to mitigate outbreaks in high-risk nursing homes are necessary to reduce overall COVID-19 mortality and associated disparities. Moreover, such efforts should incorporate activities to improve the overall quality of life and care of nursing home residents and staff members and address the social and health inequities that have been recognized as a prominent feature of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (5).
Paying GP clinics to provide contraceptive advice is linked to fewer abortions, study finds
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2020)

A scheme that paid general practices to offer information on long acting contraceptives (LARCs), such as the hormonal implant, was associated with an increase in their use and a fall in abortions, a study has found.

The paper published in PLOS Medicine 1 estimated that, by 2013-14, the scheme had resulted in an additional 4.53 LARC prescriptions per 1000 women (relative increase 13.4%) above what was expected without the scheme.

Meanwhile, abortions fell 38% beyond what was expected (absolute reduction 5.3 per 1000 women) four years after the incentive was introduced. This is the equivalent of 95 170 fewer abortions than expected if extrapolated across the …
Behavioral and neural network abnormalities in human APP transgenic mice resemble those of App knock-in mice and are modulated by familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations but not by inhibition of BACE1
Authors: Erik C. B. Johnson, Kaitlyn Ho, Gui-Qiu Yu, Melanie Das, Pascal E. Sanchez, Biljana Djukic, Isabel Lopez, Xinxing Yu, Michael Gill, Weiping Zhang, Jeanne T. Paz, Jorge J. Palop, Lennart Mucke
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2020)

Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent and costly neurodegenerative disorder. Although diverse lines of evidence suggest that the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is involved in its causation, the precise mechanisms remain unknown and no treatments are available to prevent or halt the disease. A favorite hypothesis has been that APP contributes to AD pathogenesis through the cerebral accumulation of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), which is derived from APP through sequential proteolytic cleavage by BACE1 and γ-secretase. However, inhibitors of these enzymes have failed in clinical trials despite clear evidence for target engagement. Methods To further elucidate the roles of APP and its metabolites in AD pathogenesis, we analyzed transgenic mice overexpressing wildtype human APP (hAPP) or hAPP carrying mutations that cause autosomal dominant familial AD (FAD), as well as App knock-in mice that do not overexpress hAPP but have two mouse App alleles with FAD mutations and a humanized Aβ sequence. Results Although these lines of mice had marked differences in cortical and hippocampal levels of APP, APP C-terminal fragments, soluble Aβ, Aβ oligomers and age-dependent amyloid deposition, they all developed cognitive deficits as well as non-convulsive epileptiform activity, a type of network dysfunction that also occurs in a substantive proportion of humans with AD. Pharmacological inhibition of BACE1 effectively reduced levels of amyloidogenic APP C-terminal fragments (C99), soluble Aβ, Aβ oligomers, and amyloid deposits in transgenic mice expressing FAD-mutant hAPP, but did not improve their network dysfunction and behavioral abnormalities, even when initiated at early stages before amyloid deposits were detectable. Conclusions hAPP transgenic and App knock-in mice develop similar pathophysiological alterations. APP and its metabolites contribute to AD-related functional alterations through complex combinatorial mechanisms that may be difficult to block with BACE inhibitors and, possibly, also with other anti-Aβ treatments.
Serum IL6 as a Prognostic Biomarker and IL6R as a Therapeutic Target in Biliary Tract Cancers
Authors: Dan Høgdall, Colm J. O'Rourke, Christian Dehlendorff, Ole F. Larsen, Lars H. Jensen, Astrid Z. Johansen, Hien Dang, Valentina M. Factor, Mie Grunnet, Morten Mau-Sørensen, Douglas V.N.P. Oliveira, Dorte Linnemann, Mogens K. Boisen, Xin W. Wang, Julia S. Johansen, Jesper B. Andersen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is a heterogeneous group of rare gastrointestinal malignancies with dismal prognosis often associated with inflammation. We assessed the prognostic value of IL6 and YKL-40 compared with CA19-9 before and during palliative chemotherapy. We also investigated in mice whether IL6R inhibition in combination with gemcitabine could prolong chemosensitivity.A total of 452 Danish participants with advanced (locally advanced and metastatic) BTC were included from six clinical trials (February 2004 to March 2017). Serum CA19-9, IL6, and YKL-40 were measured before and during palliative treatment. Associations between candidate biomarkers and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression. Effects of inhibiting IL6R and YKL-40 were assessed in vitro, and of IL6R inhibition in vivo.High pretreatment levels of CA19-9, IL6, and YKL-40, and increasing levels during treatment, were associated with short PFS and OS in patients with advanced BTC. IL6 provided independent prognostic information, independent of tumor location and in patients with normal serum CA19-9. ROC analyses showed that IL6 and YKL-40 were predictive of very short OS (OS < 6 months), whereas CA19-9 was best to predict OS > 1.5 years. Treatment with anti-IL6R and gemcitabine significantly diminished tumor growth when compared with gemcitabine monotherapy in an in vivo transplant model of BTC.Serum IL6 and YKL-40 are potential new prognostic biomarkers in BTC. IL6 provides independent prognostic information and may be superior to CA19-9 in certain contexts. Moreover, anti-IL6R should be considered as a new treatment option to sustain gemcitabine response in patients with BTC.
Correction: KRAS/NF-κB/YY1/miR-489 Signaling Axis Controls Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Peng Yuan, Xiao-Hong He, Ye-Fei Rong, Jing Cao, Yong Li, Yun-ping Hu, Yingbin Liu, Dangsheng Li, Wenhui Lou, Mo-Fang Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

In the original version of [this article][1] ([1][2]), there are errors in Figs. 1D and H and 5B. Specifically, in Fig. 1D, the same migration assay image was used in the second and seventh panels, and an overlapping image was used in the third and fourth panels. In addition, the same migration
Wrist-worn accelerometers: recommending ~1.0 m<i>g</i> as the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) in daily average acceleration for inactive adults
Authors: Alex Rowlands, Melanie Davies, Paddy Dempsey, Charlotte Edwardson, Cameron Razieh, Thomas Yates
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

Physical activity is increasingly assessed using wrist-worn accelerometry.1 The primary unit of measurement is acceleration which lacks an obvious concrete meaning in the clinical and public health settings. If the scientific community agreed on a minimum clinically important difference (MCID) that would greatly help users interpret accelerometry data in a more meaningful way. Here we present converging evidence to inform estimation of the MCID in physical activity for inactive adults, expressed as average acceleration measured from wrist-worn accelerometers.

Contemporary accelerometers measure acceleration at high frequency in three axes. Typically, the Euclidean norm is calculated and 1 g subtracted to correct for gravity (Euclidean Norm Minus One (ENMO)). Average acceleration across the day is expressed in milli-gravitational units (m g ) and reflects overall daily activity, as does steps/day. Multiple days of measurement are usually summarised as daily average acceleration. Reflecting the value of capturing all physical activity across the whole day—rather than moderate-to-vigorous activity alone—average daily acceleration is an appropriate summary variable of physical activity status in most cases. Average daily acceleration is the recommended variable for physical activity analysis in UK Biobank, where >100 000 people wore a wrist-worn accelerometer for 7 days.1

We used three approaches to provide converging evidence for a preliminary estimate of the MCID in m g for inactive people (figure 1).



Figure 1 
Converging evidence for a preliminary estimation of the MCID in m g for inactive people. (1) An increase or difference of 500 steps per day, is associated with a 2% to 9% decreased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality.3–5 (1a) A change in 500 steps per …
Association of Intra-arrest Transport vs Continued On-Scene Resuscitation With Survival to Hospital Discharge Among Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Brian Grunau, Noah Kime, Brian Leroux, Thomas Rea, Gerald Van Belle, James J. Menegazzi, Peter J. Kudenchuk, Christian Vaillancourt, Laurie J. Morrison, Jonathan Elmer, Dana M. Zive, Nancy M. Le, Michael Austin, Neal J. Richmond, Heather Herren, Jim Christenson
Journal: JAMA (2020)

There is wide variability among emergency medical systems (EMS) with respect to transport to hospital during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) resuscitative efforts. The benefit of intra-arrest transport during resuscitation compared with continued on-scene resuscitation is unclear.
Biofilm microenvironment activated supramolecular nanoparticles for enhanced photodynamic therapy of bacterial keratitis
Authors: Haijie Han, Yifan Gao, Mengyin Chai, Xiaobo Zhang, Shaorui Liu, Yue Huang, Qiao Jin, Andrzej Grzybowski, Jian Ji, Ke Yao
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2020)
Florida Inter-Specialty Collaborative Project to Improve Cardio-Oncology Awareness and Identify Existing Knowledge Gaps
Authors: Diego Sadler, Michael G. Fradley, Roohi Ismail-Khan, Luis Raez, Deepti Bhandare, Leah Elson, David Perloff, Patricia Guerrero, Zeina Nahleh, Anita Arnold
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2020)
Removal of a duodenal cyanoacrylate glue bezoar with a snare and cap-assisted endoscopy
Authors: Meixing Sun, Shuru Pan, Yanpin Liang, Xiuqing Wei
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

A 55-year-old man with hepatitis B virus-related liver cirrhosis presented to the gastroenterology clinic with a 2-week history of melena. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed severe Sarin type 2 gastroesophageal varices with red color signs and ulcer scar with mild stricture at the descending border of the duodenal bulb ([Fig. 1]). The endoscope was able to pass through freely. Endoscopic variceal obturation (EVO) was performed within two large varices using 2 mL and 4 mL respectively of pure n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate tissue glue. Four months later, a tissue glue bezoar of stone-like hardness and hill-like shape, measuring about 1.6 × 1.5 × 0.5 cm, was found detained at the duodenal bulb ([Fig. 2]), along with a circumferential shallow ulcer ([Fig. 3]). However, there were no special symptoms such as abdominal pain, distention, or the like. Three sequential esophageal variceal ligations were carried out, combined with administration of an oral proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Then, with a transparent cap providing the application point, the bezoar was trapped and fragmented with a wire snare ([Video 1]). The foreign bodies were then aspirated into the transparent cap and retrieved with the aid of the snare. Shallow ulcers were found circling around the outlet of the duodenum bulb, but the bezoar had caused no further injuries ([Fig. 4]). PPI treatment was continued and a follow-up endoscopic review 2 months later indicated eradication of the ulcer.
Obesity-Linked PPARγ S273 Phosphorylation Promotes Insulin Resistance through Growth Differentiation Factor 3
Authors: Jessica A. Hall, Deepti Ramachandran, Hyun C. Roh, Joanna R. DiSpirito, Thiago Belchior, Peter-James H. Zushin, Colin Palmer, Shangyu Hong, Amir I. Mina, Bingyang Liu, Zhaoming Deng, Pratik Aryal, Christopher Jacobs, Danielle Tenen, Chester W. Brown, Julia F. Charles, Gerald I. Shulman, Barbara B. Kahn, Linus T.Y. Tsai, Evan D. Rosen, Bruce M. Spiegelman, Alexander S. Banks
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2020)
Pyrolytic Carbon Nanograss Enhances Neurogenesis and Dopaminergic Differentiation of Human Midbrain Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Afia Asif, Silvia García‐López, Arto Heiskanen, Alberto Martínez‐Serrano, Stephan S. Keller, Marta P. Pereira, Jenny Emnéus
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Advancements in research on the interaction of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) with nanotopographies and biomaterials are enhancing the ability to influence cell migration, proliferation, gene expression, and tailored differentiation toward desired phenotypes. Here, the fabrication of pyrolytic carbon nanograss (CNG) nanotopographies is reported and demonstrated that these can be employed as cell substrates boosting hNSCs differentiation into dopaminergic neurons (DAn), a long‐time pursued goal in regenerative medicine based on cell replacement. In the near future, such structures can play a crucial role in the near future for stem‐cell based cell replacement therapy (CRT) and bio‐implants for Parkinson's disease (PD). The unique combination of randomly distributed nanograss topographies and biocompatible pyrolytic carbon material is optimized to provide suitable mechano‐material cues for hNSCs adhesion, division, and DAn differentiation of midbrain hNSCs. The results show that in the presence of the biocoating poly‐L‐lysine (PLL), the CNG enhances hNSCs neurogenesis up to 2.3‐fold and DAn differentiation up to 3.5‐fold. Moreover, for the first time, consistent evidence is provided, that CNGs without any PLL coating are not only supporting cell survival but also lead to significantly enhanced neurogenesis and promote hNSCs to acquire dopaminergic phenotype compared to PLL coated topographies.
Abstract 13655: Healthcare Resource Utilization Among Empagliflozin Initiators With and Without Cardiovascular Disease versus DPP4i in a Commercially-Insured Routine Care Population: An Analysis From the Empagliflozin Comparative Effectiveness and Safety (EMPRISE) Study
Authors: Mehdi Najafzadeh, Ajinkya Pawar, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Anouk Déruaz-Luyet, Kimberly Brodovicz, Anastasia Ustyugova, Nileesa Gautam, Elisabetta Patorno
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Empagliflozin (EMPA) reduced the risk of cardiovascular death by 38%, all-cause mortality by 32%, and heart failure hospitalization by 35% in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and established CV di...
Toll-Like Receptor Triggering of Human Basophils May Synergise with IgE-Mediated Activation in ACPA plus RA
Authors: J. Suurmond, J.N. Stoop, A.M. Bakker, T.W.J. Huizinga, R.E.M. Toes, A.J.M. Schuerwegh
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)
Nearly Half of Dementia Cases Could Be Prevented or Delayed
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sex-Specific Associations of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Biomarkers With Incident Heart Failure
Authors: Navin Suthahar, Emily S. Lau, Michael J. Blaha, Samantha M. Paniagua, Martin G. Larson, Bruce M. Psaty, Emelia J. Benjamin, Matthew A. Allison, Traci M. Bartz, James L. Januzzi, Daniel Levy, Laura M.G. Meems, Stephan J.L. Bakker, Joao A.C. Lima, Mary Cushman, Douglas S. Lee, Thomas J. Wang, Christopher R. deFilippi, David M. Herrington, Matthew Nayor, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Julius M. Gardin, Jorge R. Kizer, Alain G. Bertoni, Norrina B. Allen, Ron T. Gansevoort, Sanjiv J. Shah, John S. Gottdiener, Jennifer E. Ho, Rudolf A. de Boer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)

Whether cardiovascular (CV) disease risk factors and biomarkers associate differentially with heart failure (HF) risk in men and women is unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate sex-specific associations of CV risk factors and biomarkers with incident HF. The analysis was performed using data from 4 community-based cohorts with 12.5 years of follow-up. Participants (recruited between 1989 and 2002) were free of HF at baseline. Biomarker measurements included natriuretic peptides, cardiac troponins, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, D-dimer, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, sST2, galectin-3, cystatin-C, and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Among 22,756 participants (mean age 60 ± 13 years, 53% women), HF occurred in 2,095 participants (47% women). Age, smoking, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, body mass index, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, left ventricular hypertrophy, and left bundle branch block were strongly associated with HF in both sexes (p < 0.001), and the combined clinical model had good discrimination in men (C-statistic = 0.80) and in women (C-statistic = 0.83). The majority of biomarkers were strongly and similarly associated with HF in both sexes. The clinical model improved modestly after adding natriuretic peptides in men (ΔC-statistic = 0.006; likelihood ratio chi-square = 146; p < 0.001), and after adding cardiac troponins in women (ΔC-statistic = 0.003; likelihood ratio chi-square = 73; p < 0.001). CV risk factors are strongly and similarly associated with incident HF in both sexes, highlighting the similar importance of risk factor control in reducing HF risk in the community. There are subtle sex-related differences in the predictive value of individual biomarkers, but the overall improvement in HF risk estimation when included in a clinical HF risk prediction model is limited in both sexes.
<i> H pylori </i> eradication therapy reduces gastric cancer in patients with or without gastric neoplasia
Authors: Jacob Mathew Jr.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Ford AC, Yuan Y, Moayyedi P. Helicobacter pylorieradication therapy to prevent gastric cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut. 2020. [Epub ahead of print]. 32205420.
Endoscopic curative resection of undifferentiated early gastric cancer
Authors: Aniruddha Pratap Singh, Pradev Inavolu, Anuradha Sekaran, D. Nageshwar Reddy, Mohan Ramchandani
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

High definition endoscopy has improved the diagnosis of early gastric cancer but still has a miss rate of 20 % – 25 %. Magnification endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (NBI) helps to further characterize histology in early gastric cancer [1] [2] [3].
Prospective Evaluation of Malignancy in 17,708 Patients Randomized to Ezetimibe Versus Placebo
Authors: Robert P. Giugliano, Baris Gencer, Stephen D. Wiviott, Jeong-Gun Park, Charles S. Fuchs, Wolfram Goessling, Thomas A. Musliner, Andrew M. Tershakovec, Michael A. Blazing, Robert Califf, Christopher P. Cannon, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2020)

An increased risk of malignancy was reported with simvastatin/ezetimibe in 1,873 patients in the SEAS (Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis) trial.The purpose of this study was to clarify this unexpected finding in a larger sample size of patients stabilized after acute coronary syndrome, we conducted a prospective systematic analysis of malignancy events in IMPROVE-IT (Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial).Within IMPROVE-IT, 17,708 patients post-acute coronary syndrome were randomized to either ezetimibe 10 mg or matching placebo on a background of simvastatin 40 mg who took ≥1 dose of the study drug. Suspected tumors (benign and malignant) reported by investigators or identified from a review of adverse events were adjudicated by oncologists without knowledge of drug assignment. The primary malignancy endpoint included new, relapsing, or progressive malignancies (excluding nonmelanotic skin malignancies). The secondary endpoint was death due to malignancy.In this trial, 1,470 patients developed the primary malignancy endpoint during a median 6 years of follow-up. The most common malignancy locations were prostate (18.9%), lung (16.8%), and bladder (8.8%) with no differences by treatment group (p > 0.05 for each location). Kaplan-Meier 7-year rates of malignancies were similar with ezetimibe and placebo (10.2% vs. 10.3%; hazard ratio: 1.03; 95% confidence interval: 0.93 to 1.14; p = 0.56), as were the rates for malignancy death (3.8% vs. 3.6%; hazard ratio: 1.04; 95% confidence interval: 0.88 to 1.23; p = 0.68).Among 17,708 patients receiving simvastatin 40 mg daily, those randomized to ezetimibe 10 mg daily had a similar incidence of malignancy and deaths due to malignancy compared with those receiving placebo during a median follow-up of 6 years (96,377 patient-years). (IMPROVE-IT: Examining Outcomes in Subjects With Acute Coronary Syndrome: Vytorin [Ezetimibe/Simvastatin] vs Simvastatin [P04103]; NCT00202878).