tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Radioiodine Therapy
Authors: Frederik A. Verburg
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) generally has a good prognosis; only those with I-131-negative advanced disease have an impaired life expectancy. Treatment of DTC consists of hemithyroidectomy in microcarcinoma patients but of total thyroidectomy and subsequent adjuvant or therapeutic I-131 treatment in all other ones. Follow-up after I-131 ablation/therapy consists of thyroglobulin measurement at regular intervals, often at least once combined with diagnostic I-131 whole-body scintigraphy and neck ultrasound at every measurement.
Effects of vericiguat in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: do not forget <scp>sST2</scp>. Letter regarding the article ‘Baseline features of the VICTORIA (Vericiguat Global Study in Subjects with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) trial’
Authors: Alberto Aimo, Vincenzo Castiglione, Carlo Mario Lombardi
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2020)
Modified 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy to reduce pain in the treatment of moderate to severe acne vulgaris: A prospective, randomized, split-face study
Authors: Yunfeng Zhang, Haiyan Zhang, Linglin Zhang, Peiru Wang, Lei Shi, Guolong Zhang, Zhongxia Zhou, Stuart Marcus, Xiuli Wang
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: John J. Calabro, Joseph M. Marchesano
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

Early DiagnosisIn our experience, early diagnosis is greatly facilitated if the 3 distinct modes of onset of the disease previously delineated are kept in mind19:In acute disease, recurrent hectic fever, rash and other systemic manifestations may precede arthritis for periods averaging two years.20,21 The interval between onset of fever and arthritis may be as short as three weeks, but in 1 case proved to be as long as nine years.20 Arthralgia is almost always present, however.It is surprising that acute juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is rarely considered in the differential diagnosis of the child with fever of . . .
Origin of leukemic relapse after bone marrow transplantation detected by restriction fragment length polymorphism.
Authors: M D Minden, H A Messner, A Belch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Bone marrow transplantation has become an accepted modality in the treatment of acute leukemia. With this therapy, it is possible to obtain long-term disease-free survival. However, leukemia recurs occasionally. In most cases, leukemic relapse is of recipient origin. There have been several reports, though, of leukemia developing in donor cells. These cases have been limited to instances in which there is an easily identifiable chromosome difference or abnormality, usually a sex chromosome. In this paper we describe the use of restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis to determine the origin of recurrent leukemia cells in which no identifying chromosome was present. We found that the leukemia had recurred in recipient cells. We also were able to demonstrate the presence of normal hemopoietic cells of donor origin.
Thyroid and Parathyroid Imaging
Authors: Matthieu Pelletier-Galarneau, Frédéric Arsenault, Lionel S. Zuckier
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

For over 70 years, the history of nuclear medicine has been closely intertwined with the use of iodine in the diagnosis and therapy of thyroid disorders, one of the few medical procedures that have stood this extensive test of time. Technetium-based methods of parathyroid imaging emerged in the 1970s and remain a mainstay of diagnosis until the present. The current chapter explores the background and use of these techniques in the current era.
Wound healing
Authors: Janet H. Prystowsky
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2006)

This text is different than most books about wound healing. It devotes considerable attention to wounds associated with dermatologic conditions, a topic poorly addressed in most wound texts. While the target audience for this book is the dermatologist, such a text will be a valuable addition to the library of any medical professional that deals with wounds. The opening chapter by William Eaglstein concerns the historical aspects of wound healing and is replete with interesting facts dating from Greek medicine (3000-2500 B.C.E.) through Nobel Prize winners Alexis Carrel and Stanley Cohen in the 1900s. Recounted observations of well-known physicians, such as Homan, Charcot, Trendelenberg, and Unna, place the contributions of these and other individuals in historical perspective. The following four chapters provide a thorough examination of the current basic scientific knowledge of wound healing from fetal to adult tissues. The clinical chapters that follow cover virtually all types of wounds, from those associated with dermatologic conditions to burns and surgery. Particularly helpful was the chapter by George W. Elgart, Pathology of Skin Ulcers. It teaches a diagnostic approach and algorithm for an ulcer of unknown etiology. Another helpful chapter by Dot Weir provides a useful hands-on guide to the Pearls of Compression by presenting real case conditions that arise in a wound center environment, with tips for successful patient management. The text covers both clinical and basic science aspects of wound care, with discussions of the role of growth factors, hormones, dressings, compression, vacuum assistance, oxygen, and electrical stimulation of wounds. Artificial skin and bioengineered skin equivalents are also discussed. One minor criticism is that the photographs are black and white, making it difficult to appreciate subtle differences and changes in wounds before and after treatment. However, this concern does not significantly detract from the text, as many of the illustrations are instructive schematic drawings rather than clinical images. The chapters are written by a diverse group of authors with noted expertise in their chosen subject matter. As expected, there is a high representation of dermatologists in the authorship, although a wide range of other specialties with interests in wound healing are represented, including surgery, anesthesiology, internal medicine, cell biology, obstetrics and gynecology, plastic and reconstructive surgery, burn care, and nursing. The importance and relevance of a multi-disciplinary approach to wound care and research is underscored by the diverse authorship and its across-the-board coverage of wound diagnosis and treatment. As a multi-author, edited book, there is a degree of redundancy, although the index is helpful in navigating the text. Whether a novice or experienced clinician dealing with wound healing, this reference text will serve as an invaluable resource for generating ideas and broadening diagnostic and therapeutic plans for patients with wounds.
Expert opinion—management of chronic myeloid leukemia after resistance to second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Andreas Hochhaus, Massimo Breccia, Giuseppe Saglio, Valentín García-Gutiérrez, Delphine Réa, Jeroen Janssen, Jane Apperley
Journal: Leukemia (2020)

Abstract Regardless of line of therapy, treatment goals in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are: avoid progression to accelerated phase or blast crisis CML such that patients achieve a life expectancy comparable with that of the general population; avoid adverse events (AEs); and restore and maintain quality of life. The most important prognostic factor for achieving these goals is response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) at key milestones. For patients failing a TKI, a treatment change is mandatory to limit the risk of progression and death. There is currently no precise guideline for patients that fail a second-generation TKI, and there is a paucity of data to guide clinical decision making in this setting. There is, therefore, an unmet need for practical and actionable guidance on how to manage patients who fail a second-generation TKI. Although the term ‘failure’ includes patients failing for resistance or intolerance, the focus of this paper is failure of a second-generation TKI because of resistance. CML patients who fail their first second-generation TKI for true resistance need a more potent therapy. In these patients, the key issues to consider are the relative appropriateness of early allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or the use of a further TKI. Selection of the next line of treatment after second-generation TKI resistance should be individualized and must be based on patient-specific factors including cytogenetics, mutation profile, comorbidities, age, previous history of AEs with prior TKI therapy, and risk profile for AEs on specific TKIs. This expert opinion paper is not in conflict with existing recommendations, but instead represents an evolution of previous notions, based on new data, insights, and clinical experience. We review the treatment options for patients resistant to second-generation TKI therapy and provide our clinical opinions and guidance on key considerations for treatment decision making.
Reovirus 3 not detected by reverse transcriptase?mediated polymerase chain reaction analysis of preserved tissue from infants with cholestatic liver disease*1
Authors: M STEELE
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Reovirus type 3 has been implicated in the origin and pathogenesis of extrahepatic biliary atresia and idiopathic neonatal hepatitis, but routine detection of this virus in hepatobiliary tissues from affected infants by culture and histological techniques has been unsuccessful. In this study, oligonucleotide primers specific to the M3 genome segment of reovirus 3 (Dearing) were used in a reverse transcriptase—mediated polymerase chain reaction technique to develop a sensitive and specific assay for the detection of reovirus 3 RNA in formalinfixed, paraffin-embedded patient samples. Optimal reaction conditions were determined by testing infected murine tissues and preserved human liver tissue supplemented with reovirus 3. Archival specimens from 50 infants, including 14 with extrahepatic biliary atresia, 20 with idiopathic neonatal hepatitis, and 16 age-matched controls, were evaluated. Successful amplification of human albumin complementary DNA from the preserved tissues confirmed the presence of intact RNA in every patient specimen tested. Analysis of the amplification reactions by agarose gel electrophoresis and Southern blot hybridization detected the presence of reoviral RNA only once in a single patient sample. These results do not support a strong role for reovirus 3 in the development of neonatal cholestatic liver disease. The recent association of other RNA viruses of the Reoviridae family with murine liver disease and human extrahepatic biliary atresia indicates that continued investigation into a viral cause for idiopathic neonatal hepatobiliary disease is warranted.
Erythrocyte-Specific Antibodies As a Potential New Therapeutic Modality in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders Beyond Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)
Authors: Andrew R Crow, Rick Kapur, Mark Jen, Patrick J Mott, Danielle Marjoram, Alaa Amash, Simrat S Kahlon, Issaka Yougbare, Heyu Ni, Michael Kim, John W Semple, Alan H Lazarus
Journal: Blood (2017)
<i>EZH2</i>-Deficient T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Is Sensitized to CHK1 Inhibition through Enhanced Replication Stress
Authors: Theresa E. León, Tanya Rapoz-D'Silva, Cosetta Bertoli, Sunniyat Rahman, Michael Magnussen, Brian Philip, Nadine Farah, Simon E. Richardson, Sara Ahrabi, José Afonso Guerra-Assunção, Rajeev Gupta, Elisabeth P. Nacheva, Stephen Henderson, Javier Herrero, David C. Linch, Robertus A.M. de Bruin, Marc R. Mansour
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2020)

Loss-of-function mutations of EZH2, the enzymatic component of PRC2, have been associated with poor outcome and chemotherapy resistance in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Using isogenic T-ALL cells, with and without CRISPR/Cas9-induced EZH2-inactivating mutations, we performed a cell-based synthetic lethal drug screen. EZH2-deficient cells exhibited increased sensitivity to structurally diverse inhibitors of CHK1, an interaction that could be validated genetically. Furthermore, small-molecule inhibition of CHK1 had efficacy in delaying tumor progression in isogenic EZH2-deficient, but not EZH2 wild-type, T-ALL cells in vivo, as well as in a primary cell model of PRC2-mutant ALL. Mechanistically, EZH2 deficiency resulted in a gene-expression signature of immature T-ALL cells, marked transcriptional upregulation of MYCN, increased replication stress, and enhanced dependency on CHK1 for cell survival. Finally, we demonstrate this phenotype is mediated through derepression of a distal PRC2-regulated MYCN enhancer. In conclusion, we highlight a novel and clinically exploitable pathway in high-risk EZH2-mutated T-ALL. SIGNIFICANCE: Loss-of-function mutations of PRC2 genes are associated with chemotherapy resistance in T-ALL, yet no specific therapy for this aggressive subtype is currently clinically available. Our work demonstrates that loss of EZH2 activity leads to MYCN-driven replication stress, resulting in increased sensitivity to CHK1 inhibition, a finding with immediate clinical relevance.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 890.
Incidence of Opioid-Associated Deaths in Cancer Survivors in the United States, 2006-2016
Authors: Fumiko Chino, Arif Kamal, Junzo Chino
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

This study analyzes the incidence of opioid-associated deaths in cancer survivors vs the general population in the US from 2006 through 2016 using National Center for Health Statistics death certificate data.
Occurrence, prevention, and management of the psychological effects of emerging virus outbreaks on healthcare workers: rapid review and meta-analysis
Authors: Steve Kisely, Nicola Warren, Laura McMahon, Christine Dalais, Irene Henry, Dan Siskind
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Abstract Objective To examine the psychological effects on clinicians of working to manage novel viral outbreaks, and successful measures to manage stress and psychological distress. Design Rapid review and meta-analysis. Data sources Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed/Medline, PsycInfo, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar, searched up to late March 2020. Eligibility criteria for study selection Any study that described the psychological reactions of healthcare staff working with patients in an outbreak of any emerging virus in any clinical setting, irrespective of any comparison with other clinicians or the general population. Results 59 papers met the inclusion criteria: 37 were of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), eight of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), seven of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), three each of Ebola virus disease and influenza A virus subtype H1N1, and one of influenza A virus subtype H7N9. Of the 38 studies that compared psychological outcomes of healthcare workers in direct contact with affected patients, 25 contained data that could be combined in a pairwise meta-analysis comparing healthcare workers at high and low risk of exposure. Compared with lower risk controls, staff in contact with affected patients had greater levels of both acute or post-traumatic stress (odds ratio 1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.28 to 2.29) and psychological distress (1.74, 1.50 to 2.03), with similar results for continuous outcomes. These findings were the same as in the other studies not included in the meta-analysis. Risk factors for psychological distress included being younger, being more junior, being the parents of dependent children, or having an infected family member. Longer quarantine, lack of practical support, and stigma also contributed. Clear communication, access to adequate personal protection, adequate rest, and both practical and psychological support were associated with reduced morbidity. Conclusions Effective interventions are available to help mitigate the psychological distress experienced by staff caring for patients in an emerging disease outbreak. These interventions were similar despite the wide range of settings and types of outbreaks covered in this review, and thus could be applicable to the current covid-19 outbreak.
The many faces of the anti-COVID immune response
Authors: Santosha A. Vardhana, Jedd D. Wolchok
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)

The novel 2019 strain of coronavirus is a source of profound morbidity and mortality worldwide. Compared with recent viral outbreaks, COVID-19 infection has a relatively high mortality rate, the reasons for which are not entirely clear. Furthermore, treatment options for COVID-19 infection are currently limited. In this Perspective, we explore the contributions of the innate and adaptive immune systems to both viral control as well as toxicity during COVID-19 infections and offer suggestions to both understand and therapeutically modulate anti-COVID immunity.
AB1139 Centre Characteristics Determine Ambulatory Care and Referrals in Patients with Spondyloarthritis:
Authors: M. Andrés, F. Sivera, S. Pérez-Vicente, P. Vela, L. Carmona
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To describe the variability in rheumatology visits and referrals to other medical specialties of patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA), and to explore factors that may influence such variability. <h3>Methods</h3> Nation-wide cross-sectional study performed in 2009-2010. Randomly selected records of patients with a diagnosis of SpA and at least one visit to a rheumatology unit within the previous two years were audited. The rates of rheumatology visits and of referrals to other medical specialties were estimated – total and between centres – in the study period. Multilevel regression was used to analyse factors associated to variability, and to adjust for clinical and patient characteristics. <h3>Results</h3> 1,168 patients9 records (45 centres) were reviewed, mainly ankylosing spondylitis (55.2%) and psoriatic arthritis (22.2%). The patients had incurred in 5,908 visits to rheumatology clinics (rate 254 per 100 patient-years), 4,307 visits to other medical specialties (19.6% were referrals from rheumatology), and 775 visits to specialised nurse clinics. An adjusted variability in frequenting rheumatology clinics of 15.7% between centres was observed [Table]. This was partially explained by the number of faculties (β 0.309; 95%CI 0.155, 0.463) and trainees (β -1.441; 95%CI -2.526, -0.356). The adjusted intercentre variability for referrals to other specialties was 12.3%, and it was associated with urban settings (OR 1.237; 95%CI 1.309, 1.399), number of procedures (OR 1.011; 95%CI 1.001, 1.020), and existence of SpA dedicated clinics (OR 1.762; 95%CI 1.101, 2.821); the probability of a patient with SpA of being referred to other specialist may increase up to 25% depending on the treating centre. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Frequenting rheumatology clinics and referrals to other specialists significantly varies between centres, after adjustment by patient characteristics. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Central role of left atrial dynamics in limiting exercise cardiac output increase and oxygen uptake in heart failure: insights by cardiopulmonary imaging
Authors: Tadafumi Sugimoto, Marta Barletta, Francesco Bandera, Greta Generati, Eleonora Alfonzetti, Marina Rovida, Tomaso Gnecchi Ruscone, Andrea Rossi, Mariantonietta Cicoira, Marco Guazzi
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2020)
Development and Validation of a Clinical Decision Support Tool That Incorporates Pharmacokinetic Data to Predict Endoscopic Healing in Patients Treated With Infliximab
Authors: Niels Vande Casteele, Vipul Jairath, Jenny Jeyarajah, Parambir S. Dulai, Siddharth Singh, Lisa M. Shackelton, Brian G. Feagan, William J. Sandborn
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)
PTH-013 A validated comfort score for gastroscopy toleration
Authors: F Betteridge, E Saunsbury, L Materacki, K Yong, D Murugiah, B Colleypriest
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Whilst comfort scoring is an auditable standard for quality in colonoscopy, there is currently no widely accepted comfort score for gastroscopy. We developed a five point gastroscopy toleration score (GTS) and validated correlation of scoring between endoscopists, patients and nursing staff. <h3>Methods</h3> A GTS was developed via consensus on a gastroscopy list (figure 1). Trial 1 of the finalised 'Bath GTS' involved a double blind collection from the endoscopist and two nurses during 47 gastroscopies to determine inter-observer correlation between staff. Trial 2 involved a double blind collection from the endoscopist, nurse and unsedated patient during 50 additional cases. Krippendorff's alpha(α) coefficient was calculated to assess inter-rater reliability. We then analysed sub-group matches between endoscopist-nurse, endoscopist-patient and nurse-patient. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 97 gastroscopies were included in the analysis. In Trial 1 the inter-rater correlation between nurses and endoscopist was excellent (Krippendorff's α=0.811 (95% CI 0.73–0.88)). There were no matched scores in 1 case (2.1%), at least two matched scores in 46 cases (97.9%) and three matched scores in 34 cases (72.3%). Trial 2 demonstrated at least two matched scores in all 50 cases (100%) and three matched scores in 39 cases (78%) with excellent correlation between raters (α=0.833 (95%CI 0.75–0.90)). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that of the gastroscopies with only two matched scores, endoscopist-nurse matches totalled 8 cases (72.3%), endoscopist-patient matches totalled 2 cases (18.2%) and nurse-patient matches 1 case (9.10%). Krippendorff's α for these subgroups were 0.930 (95% CI 0.84–1.00), 0.800 (95%CI 0.63–0.93) and 0.774 (95%CI 0.60–0.92) respectively. Final analysis comparing endoscopist-nurse matched scores from all 97 gastroscopies showed significant agreement (α=0.858 (95%CI 0.81–0.91)). <h3>Conclusions</h3> We have presented a simple yet effective GTS which was validated for inter-observer correlation between endoscopists and nurses with statistically significant agreement. Furthermore, there is excellent correlation when the GTS from unsedated patients is compared with that of staff (α=0.833(CI 0.75–0.90). Given the agreement between unsedated patients and staff regarding procedure toleration, this scoring system could be applied to sedated patients. We would suggest that the Bath GTS is adopted as a validated national auditable outcome for gastroscopy with further work in progress to determine the standard.
Patterns and predictors of relapse following radical chemoradiotherapy delivered using intensity-modulated radiotherapy with a simultaneous integrated boost in anal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: R. Shakir, R. Adams, R. Cooper, A. Downing, I. Geh, D. Gilbert, C. Jacobs, C. Jones, C. Lorimer, W. Namelo, D. Sebag-Montefiore, P. Shaw, R. Muirhead
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
2018 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Karen K. Stout, Curt J. Daniels, Jamil A. Aboulhosn, Biykem Bozkurt, Craig S. Broberg, Jack M. Colman, Stephen R. Crumb, Joseph A. Dearani, Stephanie Fuller, Michelle Gurvitz, Paul Khairy, Michael J. Landzberg, Arwa Saidi, Anne Marie Valente, George F. Van Hare
Journal: Circulation (2018)
Abstract 17348: Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Improves the Myocardial Response to Demand Ischemia During Hyperglycemia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Liam M McCormick, Anna C Kydd, Liam S Ring, Sophie J Clarke, David P Dutka
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) appears to enhance myocardial glucose uptake, which may reduce fatty acid oxidation and improve myocardial tolerance to ischemia. Hy...