tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication — Pakistan, January 2016–September 2017
Authors: Youness Elhamidi, Abdirahman Mahamud, Muhammad Safdar, Wasan Al Tamimi, Jaume Jorba, Chukwuma Mbaeyi, Christopher H. Hsu, Zubair Wadood, Salmaan Sharif, Derek Ehrhardt
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)

In 1988, the World Health Assembly launched the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Among the three wild poliovirus serotypes, only wild poliovirus (WPV) type 1 (WPV1) has been detected since 2012. Since 2014, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Nigeria remain the only countries with continuing endemic WPV1 transmission. This report describes activities conducted and progress made toward the eradication of poliovirus in Pakistan during January 2016-July 2017 and provides an update to previous reports (1,2). In 2016, Pakistan reported 20 WPV1 cases, a 63% decrease compared with 54 cases in 2015 (3). As of September 25, 2017, five WPV1 cases have been reported in 2017, representing a 69% decline compared with 16 cases reported during the same period in 2016 (Figure 1). During January-September 2017, WPV1 was detected in 72 of 468 (15%) environmental samples collected, compared with 36 of 348 (9%) samples collected during the same period in 2016. WPV1 was detected in environmental samples in areas where no polio cases are being reported, which indicates that WPV1 transmission is continuing in some high-risk areas. Interruption of WPV transmission in Pakistan requires maintaining focus on reaching missed children (particularly among mobile populations), continuing community-based vaccination, implementing the 2017-2018 National Emergency Action Plan (4), and improving routine immunization services.
Matricellular protein CCN3/NOV regulates tumorigenesis in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: S. Son, H. Kim, I. Shin
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

Background: CCN3(NOV) is a matricellular protein belonging to the CCN family and is known to be involved in various cellular signaling processes including tumorigenesis. Previous studies have shown that CCN3 can promote cell migration in sarcoma, glioblastoma, prostate and renal cancer cells. In-silico analysis using the TCGA database shows CCN3 was highly amplified in breast cancer patients especially in TNBC (triple-negative breast cancer) patients. Accordingly, we confirmed that the expression of CCN3 is up-regulated in the TNBC cell lines. Based on these findings, it was thought that CCN3 would participate in TNBC tumorigenesis. Methods: We generated CCN3 knockdown TNBC cell lines by using shRNA. Proliferation assays and wound healing assay were performed to check the phenotype changes in the established cell line, and western blotting and RT-qPCR were used to monitor changes in intracellular protein expression. In addition, in-silico analysis using the TCGA database confirmed gene sets affected by CCN3 expression. Results: We identified that CCN3 knockdown cell lines exhibited decreased proliferation, migration ability and colony-forming ability compared with control cell lines. Then we performed immunoblotting to find altered signaling by CCN3 knockdown. Phosphorylation level of FAK and EGFR were decreased in CCN3 knockdown cell lines. Conclusions: We have shown that CCN3 can be involved in proliferation and migration ability in TNBC cell lines. We thought that this regulation may involve EGFR, which is known to be overexpressed in TNBC, or phosphorylation of FAK through integrin signaling. This study shows that CCN3 expressed in TNBC affects tumorigenesis of TNBC and may be used as a possible molecular therapeutic candidate to target TNBC. Legal entity responsible for the study: Hanyang University. Funding: National Research Foundation Korea. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Abstract P1-13-09: Withdrawn
Authors: M Ignatiadis, S Litiere, F Rothe, S Riethdorf, C Proudhon, T Fehm, K Aalders, H Forstbauer, P Fasching, E Brain, P Vuylsteke, E Guardiola, R Lorenz, K Pantel, K Tryfonidis, W Janni, M Piccart, C Sotiriou, B Rack, J-Y Pierga
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract This abstract was withdrawn by the authors.
Механизмы развития и подходы к лечению дисфункции сфинктера Одди после холецистэктомии
Authors: T.D. Zvyagintseva, S.V. Gridnyova
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2014)

Статья посвящена дисфункции сфинктера Одди у пациентов после холецистэктомии. Изложены патогенез и клиническая картина этой патологии, рассматриваются вопросы лечения. Сделан акцент на препараты с комбинированным механизмом действия, в частности Энтероспазмил, а также Холоплант.
The JAMA Peer Review Report for 2002
Authors: Elaine Williams
Journal: JAMA (2003)

W E HEREBY THANK THE 3443 PEER REVIEWERS WHO completed JAMA manuscript reviews in 2002 and whose names appear on pages 763-776. In 2002, it took an average of 36 calendar days from manuscript receipt to rejection, 124 days from receipt to acceptance, and 178 days from receipt to publication. A mean of 21 days was required for peer review; each reviewer handled an average of 2 manuscripts. Forty-five percent of the 4615 manuscripts we received were sent for external peer review. Fifty-three percent of manuscripts were rejected without external review. Two percent of accepted manuscripts (mostly invited editorials) did not have external review. The total acceptance rate for manuscripts in 2002 was 11%, and the acceptance rate for unsolicited manuscripts was 7%.
NCCN Guidelines Insights: Bladder Cancer, Version 5.2018
Authors: Thomas W. Flaig, Philippe E. Spiess, Neeraj Agarwal, Rick Bangs, Stephen A. Boorjian, Mark K. Buyyounouski, Tracy M. Downs, Jason A. Efstathiou, Terence Friedlander, Richard E. Greenberg, Khurshid A. Guru, Noah Hahn, Harry W. Herr, Christopher Hoimes, Brant A. Inman, Masahito Jimbo, A. Karim Kader, Subodh M. Lele, Joshua J. Meeks, Jeff Michalski, Jeffrey S. Montgomery, Lance C. Pagliaro, Sumanta K. Pal, Anthony Patterson, Daniel P. Petrylak, Elizabeth R. Plimack, Kamal S. Pohar, Michael P. Porter, Mark A. Preston, Wade J. Sexton, Arlene O. Siefker-Radtke, Jonathan Tward, Geoffrey Wile, Alyse Johnson-Chilla, Mary A. Dwyer, Lisa A. Gurski
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2018)

The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology for Bladder Cancer provide recommendations for the diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, and follow-up of patients with bladder cancer. These NCCN Guidelines Insights discuss important updates to the 2018 version of the guidelines, including implications of the 8th edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual on treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer and incorporating newly approved immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies into treatment options for patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease.
P070/O09 miR-221-3p is upregulated in rheumatoid arthritis and affects JAK3/STAT3 signaling in M2-macrophages
Authors: L Quero, E Hanser, AN Tiaden, D Kyburz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

<h3>Career situation of first and presenting author</h3> Post-doctoral fellow. <h3>Introduction</h3> Recurrent activation of synovial macrophages is considered as intrinsic factor that precedes rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related autonomous cytokine cascades. microRNAs (miRs) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a pivotal role in regulating the inflammatory response in innate immune cells and are at dysregulated levels in RA patients. <h3>Objectives</h3> Here we explored TLR-regulated miRs that tune the inflammatory response of M2-type macrophages. <h3>Methods</h3> Based on a miR-screen in TLR-stimulated human M2-macrophages we selected miR-221-3p to analyze its expression profile in clinical samples from RA, other inflammatory arthritis (OIA), osteoarthritis (OA) and healthy donors (HD) by qPCR. We challenged M1- and M2-macrophages with elevated miR-221-3p and/or miR-155-5p expression thereby mimicking RA-related conditions. Cytokine/chemokine secretion of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-8 and CXCL13 was measured using ELISA. Changes of inflammatory pathways including JAK/STAT were evaluated by Western Blot. <h3>Results</h3> TLR4-stimulation of M2-macrophages results in suppression of miR-221-3p, while <i>in vivo</i> expression in synovial tissue and fluids is significantly increased in RA versus OA or OIA. M2-macrophages with high levels of miR-221-3p lose their anti-inflammatory response and support a M1-like profile. miR-221-3p in combination with miR-155-5p leads to the secretion of M1-specific IL-12 and lowered IL-10. miR-221-3p is affecting the JAK/STAT pathway in M2-macrophages by downregulating JAK3 protein leading to decreased STAT3 activation. Treatment of M2-macrophages using JAK3 inhibitors display the same shift in cytokine/chemokine pattern as increased miR-221-expression. <h3>Conclusions</h3> TLR4-activated M2-macrophages exposed to elevated miR-221-3p expression diminished anti-inflammatory response partly by suppressing JAK3/STAT3 pathway. Thus, miR-221-3p is a homeostatic regulator of M2-M1 inflammatory function, which is dysregulated in RA condition. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> Tissue RNA from RA and OA patients was kindly provided by Caroline Ospelt, University of Zurich, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Switzerland. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared.
Relation of Pancreatic Iron Overload Detected By MRI with Disorders of Glucose Metabolism and Results of Liver, Cardiac and Pitutiary MRI Among Transfusion Dependent Thalassemia (TDT) Patients in Turkey
Authors: Zeynep Karakas, Cihangir Sevimli, Nurdan Gul, Rana Comert, Memduh Dursun
Journal: Blood (2018)
卫生信息学基础知识（二）计算机如何使医学诊断更加有效
Authors: Frank, Sullivan, Jerenry, Wyatt, 王鹏（译）, 苗蔚（校）
Journal: BMJ (2006)

当把诸多相关因素都考虑进去时，高效的医学诊断可以迅速而有效地解决患者的各项问题。有时候这些相关因素对于患者或其家人来说是另一个健康问题，甚至也可能成为影响整个社会的问题，例如医疗资源的节制问题。
Development and Evaluation of CART Targeting Bcma with Humanized Alpaca-Derived Single-Domain Antibody As Antigen Recognition Domain
Authors: Lu Han, Quanli Gao, Keshu Zhou, Qingsong Yin, Baijun Fang, Jian Zhou, Xinghu Zhu, Delong Liu, Jishuai Zhang, Haoyue Du, Hongjian Li, Yongping Song
Journal: Blood (2018)
Comment on Pongrac Barlovic et al. The Association of Severe Diabetic Retinopathy With Cardiovascular Outcomes in Long-standing Type 1 Diabetes: A Longitudinal Follow-up. Diabetes Care 2018;41:2487–2494
Authors: Marion Camoin, Marie-Noelle Delyfer, Jean-François Korobelnik, Kamel Mohammedi, Laurence Blanco, Ninon Foussard, Pauline Poupon, Marie Monlun, Magalie Haissaguerre, Vincent Rigalleau
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

We were interested in the recent article by Pongrac Barlovic et al. (1), who showed that severe diabetic retinopathy (SDR) was related to cardiovascular outcomes and peripheral arterial disease in people with type 1 diabetes, even without diabetic kidney disease (DKD). They suggested that adding data on diabetic neuropathy may be interesting. SDR has been related to the risk of lower-extremity amputation in young-onset diabetes (2), but it is not known whether this relationship is independent of DKD.

In Bordeaux University Hospital, we have followed a cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes since 2009, and we have recently shown that diabetic retinopathy could predict their later fast renal decline (3) and cardiovascular events (4). The article by Pongrac Barlovic …
SAT0347 Value of The Doppler-Ultrasonography for The Diagnosis of Temporal Arteritis:
Authors: C. Aranda-Valera, S. García, I. Monjo, M.J. Rodriguez, E. Martin-Mola, E. De Miguel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

<h3>Background</h3> Temporal Arteritis (TA) is the most common systemic vasculitis in adults. Usually, the diagnosis is based on the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria published in 1990 based on the clinical history, physical examination, laboratory information and histological findings in the biopsy. However, according to the literature, the biopsy can be negative in up to 68% of patients with TA and without it the predictive value diminishes considerably. <h3>Objectives</h3> Assess the value of Doppler Ultrasonography for the diagnosis of TA, compared with ACR criteria and biopsy, using the definitive clinical diagnosis of the patient as gold standard. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective observational, descriptive and analytical study was made, reviewing the clinical history of the patients who had an ultrasound scan of the temporal artery performed in our hospital on suspicion of TA. The standard exploration consists of the bilateral examination of the temporal superficial artery, with its common trunks and the frontal and parietal branches. In the case of diagnostic doubt, the exploration is extended to the occipital arteries and/or axilares. The ultrasound scans were realized and reported by the same person to avoid bias. The variables registered were age and sex, the presence or absence of ACR criteria, VSG value, the final diagnosis and the results of the biopsy and the ultrasound examination as well as the number of affected branches. The statistical analysis was realized by means of the software program SPSS Statistics version 20.0. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 451 patients studied, 399 were women and 52 men (88.5% vs 11.5%), with a mean age of 81. Two hundred fifty six patients (58,8%) had a definite diagnosis of TA while 195 (43,2%) presented other diagnoses. Two hundred forty patients (55.79%) fulfilled ACR criteria and 211 did not (46,78%). Of the 166 biopsies, 54 (32,53%) were positive. The validity (sensitivity and specificity) and security (positive predictive value [PPV], negative predictive value [NPV], Likelihood Ratio [LR] + and LR -) of diagnostic tests used were as follows: <h3>Conclusions</h3> Doppler Ultrasonography shows great validity and safety as a diagnostic test of TA, being in addition, a cheaper and less harsh technique than the biopsy.For this reason its use in clinical practice should be considered a diagnostic option of the first line in the diagnosis of this disease. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Serious adverse events and lifetime risk of reoperation after elective shoulder replacement: population based cohort study using hospital episode statistics for England
Authors: Richard S Craig, Jennifer C E Lane, Andrew J Carr, Dominic Furniss, Gary S Collins, Jonathan L Rees
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Abstract Objectives To provide accurate risk estimates of serious adverse events after elective shoulder replacement surgery for arthritis, including age and sex specific estimates of the lifetime risk of revision surgery. Design Population based cohort study. Setting Hospital episode statistics for NHS England, including civil registration mortality data. Participants 58 054 elective shoulder replacements in 51 895 adults (aged ≥50 years) between April 1998 and April 2017. Main outcome measures The lifetime risk of revision surgery, calculated using an actuarial life table approach and the cumulative probability method. Rates of serious adverse events at 30 and 90 days post-surgery: pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, lower respiratory tract infection, acute kidney injury, urinary tract infection, cerebrovascular events, and all cause death. Secondary outcome measures were the number of surgeries performed each year and Kaplan-Meier estimates of revision risk at 3, 5, 10, and 15 years. Results The number of shoulder replacements performed each year increased 5.6-fold between 1998 and 2017. Lifetime risks of revision surgery ranged from 1 in 37 (2.7%, 95% confidence interval 2.6% to 2.8%) in women aged 85 years and older to 1 in 4 (23.6%, 23.2% to 24.0%) in men aged 55-59 years. The risks of revision were highest during the first five years after surgery. The risk of any serious adverse event at 30 days post-surgery was 1 in 28 (3.5%, 3.4% to 3.7%), and at 90 days post-surgery was 1 in 22 (4.6%, 4.4% to 4.8%). At 30 days, the relative risk of pulmonary embolism compared with baseline population risk was 61 (95% confidence interval 50 to 73) for women aged 50-64. Serious adverse events were associated with increasing age, comorbidity, and male sex. 1 in 5 (21.2%, 17.9% to 25.1%) men aged 85 years and older experienced at least one serious adverse event within 90 days. Conclusions Younger patients, particularly men, need to be aware of a higher likelihood of early failure of shoulder replacement and the need for further and more complex revision replacement surgery. All patients should be counselled about the risks of serious adverse events. These risks are higher than previously considered, and for some could outweigh any potential benefits. Our findings caution against unchecked expansion of shoulder replacement surgery in both younger and older patients. The more accurate age and sex specific estimates of risk from this study are long overdue and should improve shared decision making between patients and clinicians. Study registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03573765 .
Shashikant C Patel
Authors: Kishore Shah
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Shashikant C Patel, popularly known as “Shashi,” was born in Eldoret, Kenya, Africa. He moved to the UK at the age of 16, after completing his primary and secondary education. In 1958 he started reading medicine at the University of Birmingham Medical School.

Shashi had a strong desire to be a surgeon and soon embarked on surgical training at the United Birmingham Teaching Hospitals (QEH and BCH) and other hospitals in England. At …
Additional detection of an unexpectedly high number of HCV positive brazilian blood donors by the new 4yh generation assay innotest HCV AB IV
Authors: Leda Bassit, Amadeo Saez-Alquezar, Filip Dekevser, Maan Zrein, M. Otani, Ester Sabino, Dalton de Alencar Fischer Chamone
Journal: Hepatology (1999)
Pump down the prep to pump up the uptake: dream or nightmare?
Authors: Raf Bisschops, Cesare Hassan
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening of average-risk individuals represents one of the most universal and strongest recommendations adopted in any national or international guideline [1]. Unexpectedly, a substantial proportion of the target population does not participate in screening programs [2]. It could be argued that this is not specific for CRC screening and that it is related to personal disbelief in the risk of developing cancer and the efficacy of the recommended interventions, or to attitudes such as fatalism, denial of CRC risk, and a low socio-economic status. Several interventions aimed at removing these barriers by engaging and motivating nonadherent individuals have been recommended, with variable and generally disappointing results [3].
Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis: 2016 update on diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment
Authors: Morie A. Gertz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2016)

Disease Overview Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis is a clonal, nonproliferative plasma cell disorder in which fragments of immunoglobulin light chain are deposited in tissues. Clinical features depend on organs involved but can include restrictive cardiomyopathy, nephrotic syndrome, hepatic failure, peripheral/autonomic neuropathy, and atypical multiple myeloma. Diagnosis Tissue biopsy stained with Congo red demonstrating amyloid deposits with applegreen birefringence is required for diagnosis. Invasive organ biopsy is not required because amyloid deposits can be found in bone marrow biopsy or subcutaneous fat aspirate in 85% of patients. Verification that amyloid is composed of immunoglobulin light chains is mandatory. Prognosis N‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), serum troponin T, and difference between involved and uninvolved immunoglobulin free light chain values are used to classify patients into four groups of similar size; median survivals are 94.1, 40.3, 14.0, and 5.8 months. Therapy All patients with a systemic amyloid syndrome require therapy to prevent deposition of amyloid in other organs and prevent progressive organ failure of involved sites. Stem cell transplant (SCT) is preferred, but only 20% of patients are eligible. Requirements for safe SCT include systolic blood pressure &gt;90 mmHg, troponin T &lt;0.06 ng mL21, age &lt;70 years, and serum creatinine 1.7 mg dL21. Nontransplant candidates can be offered melphalan‐dexamethasone or cyclophosphamide‐bortezomib‐dexamethasone. Other combinations of chemotherapy with agents such as cyclophosphamide‐thalidomide (or lenalidomide)‐dexamethasone, bortezomib‐dexamethasone, and melphalan‐prednisone‐lenalidomide have documented activity. Antibodies designed to dissolve existing amyloid deposits are under study for previously treated and untreated patients. Late diagnosis remains a major obstacle to initiating effective therapy. Am. J. Hematol., 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Am. J. Hematol. 91:948–956, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
18F-FDG PET/CT of Lung Adenocarcinoma With Ovarian Metastases
Authors: Paloma García-Talavera, Daniel Colinas, Pilar Tamayo, Joaquin Fra, Arnold Montes
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Patient was a 52-year-old woman with medical history of lung adenocarcinoma operated in 2009 (stage I, T2 N0 M0), showing increasing levels of tumor markers and a doubtful retrocrural adenopathy by means of CT scan with intravenous contrast. An F-FDG PET/CT was performed, which showed 2 hypermetabolic foci in both annexes. The anatomopathological study detected bilateral ovarian adenocarcinoma compatible with metastases of pulmonary origin.
Surveillance for Waterborne Disease Outbreaks Associated with Drinking Water — United States, 2013–2014
Authors: Katharine M. Benedict, Hannah Reses, Marissa Vigar, David M. Roth, Virginia A. Roberts, Mia Mattioli, Laura A. Cooley, Elizabeth D. Hilborn, Timothy J. Wade, Kathleen E. Fullerton, Jonathan S. Yoder, Vincent R. Hill
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)

Provision of safe water in the United States is vital to protecting public health (1). Public health agencies in the U.S. states and territories* report information on waterborne disease outbreaks to CDC through the National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS) (https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/surveillance/index.html). During 2013-2014, 42 drinking water-associated† outbreaks were reported, accounting for at least 1,006 cases of illness, 124 hospitalizations, and 13 deaths. Legionella was associated with 57% of these outbreaks and all of the deaths. Sixty-nine percent of the reported illnesses occurred in four outbreaks in which the etiology was determined to be either a chemical or toxin or the parasite Cryptosporidium. Drinking water contamination events can cause disruptions in water service, large impacts on public health, and persistent community concern about drinking water quality. Effective water treatment and regulations can protect public drinking water supplies in the United States, and rapid detection, identification of the cause, and response to illness reports can reduce the transmission of infectious pathogens and harmful chemicals and toxins.
Long-Term Follow-up Identifies Double Hit and Key Mutations As Impacting Progression Free and Overall Survival in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Cody Ashby, Eileen Boyle, Ruslana G. Tytarenko, Hongwei Wang, Adam Rosenthal, Purvi Patel, Yan Wang, Shayu Deshpande, Maria Ortiz, Erin Flynt, Antje Hoering, Sharmilan Thanendrarajan, Carolina D. Schinke, Maurizio Zangari, Frits van Rhee, Bart Barlogie, Anjan Thakurta, Gareth Morgan, Brian A Walker
Journal: Blood (2018)