tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rheumatoid arthritis of temporo-mandibular joint.
Journal: BMJ (1973)

In a detailed study of 100 consecutive cases of rheumatoid arthritis, clinical abnormalities were present in the temporomandibular joints in 71.0 per cent of patients compared with 41.1 per cent of a group of matched controls. This difference is highly significant (P < 0.0005). Circular tomography was used to study the joints radiologically. By this technique, which does not appear to have been used previously in a study of this nature, 78.7 per cent of the rheumatoid patients' joints showed abnormalities compared with 33.9 per cent of the control joints. This difference is also highly significant (P < 0.0005). Certain clinical and radiological features appeared to be almost specific for rheumatoid arthritis and to correlate with increasing severity of the disease. Rheumatoid arthritis appears to affect the temporomandibular joint more commonly than was at one time thought.
The Association of Religious Affiliation With Cholesterol Levels Among South Asians: The Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study
Authors: G Hirode, N Bharmal, N Kandula, AM Kanaya
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Religiosity has been associated with greater body weight. Less is known about South Asian religions and associations with weight. Cross-sectional analysis of the MASALA study (n = 906). We examined associations between religious affiliation and overweight/obesity after controlling for age, sex, years lived in the USA, marital status, education, insurance status, health status, and smoking. We determined whether traditional cultural beliefs, physical activity, and dietary pattern mediated this association. The mean BMI was 26 kg/m(2). Religious affiliation was associated with overweight/obesity for Hindus (OR 2.12; 95 % CI: 1.16, 3.89), Sikhs (OR 4.23; 95 % CI: 1.72, 10.38), and Muslims (OR 2.79; 95 % CI: 1.14, 6.80) compared with no religious affiliation. Traditional cultural beliefs (7 %), dietary pattern (1 %), and physical activity (1 %) mediated 9 % of the relationship. Interventions designed to promote healthy lifestyle changes to reduce the burden of overweight/obesity among South Asians need to be culturally and religiously tailored.
Rifapentine Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Recommendations for Latent Tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Jennifer E. Hibma, Kendra K. Radtke, Susan E. Dorman, Amina Jindani, Kelly E. Dooley, Marc Weiner, Helen M. McIlleron, Radojka M. Savic
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)

Rationale: Rifapentine has been investigated at various doses, frequencies, and dosing algorithms, but clarity on the optimal dosing approach is lacking.Objectives: To characterize rifapentine population pharmacokinetics, including autoinduction, and determine optimal dosing strategies for short-course rifapentine-based regimens for latent tuberculosis infection.Methods: Rifapentine pharmacokinetic studies were identified though a systematic review of literature. Individual plasma concentrations were pooled, and nonlinear mixed-effects modeling was performed. A subset of data was reserved for external validation. Simulations were performed under various dosing conditions, including current weight-based methods; and alternative methods driven by identified covariates.Measurements and Main Results: We identified nine clinical studies with a total of 863 participants with pharmacokinetic data (n = 4,301 plasma samples). Rifapentine population pharmacokinetics were described successfully with a one-compartment distribution model. Autoinduction of clearance was driven by rifapentine plasma concentrations. The maximum effect was a 72% increase in clearance and was reached after 21 days. Drug bioavailability decreased by 27% with HIV infection, decreased by 28% with fasting, and increased by 49% with a high-fat meal. Body weight was not a clinically relevant predictor of clearance. Pharmacokinetic simulations showed that current weight-based dosing leads to lower exposures in individuals with low weight, which can be overcome with flat dosing. In HIV-positive patients, 30% higher doses are required to match drug exposure in HIV-negative patients.Conclusions: Weight-based dosing of rifapentine should be removed from clinical guidelines, and higher doses for HIV-positive patients should be considered to provide equivalent efficacy.
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: R M Pitkin
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Prematurity is the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality in the United States, so research into the causes and prevention of preterm birth occupies the highest priority in the field of obstetrics. Before a prevention program can be tested, a reliable means of identifying pregnancies at risk must be available. Scoring systems, based mainly on demographic characteristics, were developed a decade or more ago. Initially, they seemed promising, but experience has shown them to be inadequate as clinical predictors.  The most promising candidate as a predictor of preterm labor is fibronectin, a cellular glycoprotein normally present as a specific isoform in various fetal tissues (as well as in certain malignant neoplasms). Fetal fibronectin can be measured with an immunoassay using a monoclonal antibody, and in cervical secretions the critical level seems to be about 50 ng/mL. When levels exceed this cutoff, presumably reflecting disruption or other alteration of the
The NKG2A–HLA-E Axis as a Novel Checkpoint in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Linda Borst, Sjoerd H. van der Burg, Thorbald van Hall
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract The success of checkpoint blockade therapy revolutionized cancer treatment. However, we need to increase the fraction of responding patients and overcome acquired resistance to these therapies. Recently, the inhibitory receptor NKG2A received attention as a new kid on the block of immune checkpoints. This receptor is selectively expressed on cytotoxic lymphocytes, including natural killer cells and CD8 T cells, and NKG2A+ T cells are preferentially residing in tissues, like the tumor microenvironment. Its ligand, histocompatibility leucocyte antigen E (HLA-E), is a conserved nonclassical HLA class I molecule that binds a limited peptide repertoire and its expression is commonly detected in human cancer. NKG2A blockade as a standalone therapy appears poorly effective in mouse tumor models, however, in the presence of activated T cells, for example, induced by PD-1/PD-L1 blockade or cancer vaccines, exerts strongly enhanced efficacy. Clinical trials demonstrated safety of the humanized NKG2A-blocking antibody, monalizumab, and first results of phase II trials demonstrate encouraging durable response rates. Further development of this axis is clearly warranted.
ESGE GUIDELINES FOR SMALL-BOWEL CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY: FROM RECOMMENDATIONS TO PRACTICE
Authors: K Triantafyllou, LD Lazaridis, H Beaumont, X Dray, R Eliakim, P Ellul, I Fernández-Urién, M Keuchel, S Panter, E Rondonotti, B Rosa, C Spada, E Toth, R Jover, P Bhandari, A Koulaouzidis
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims ESGE published performance measures as benchmark for quality assessment in small-bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE). The aim of this survey was to investigate the influence of ESGE guidelines in current SBCE practice.
TARGETING HEPATOCYTE RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASES BY ERLOTINIB AND INHIBITION OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION IN VIVO
Authors: J Lupberger, M B Zeisel, F Xiao, C Thumann, C J Mee, C Davis, J A McKeating, I Fofana, E Soulier, L Zona, D Lavillette, Cosset F-L., A H Patel, M Doffoel, T F Baumert
Journal: Hepatology (2010)
Comparative study of the clinical characteristics and epidemiological trend of 244 COVID-19 infected children with or without GI symptoms
Authors: Xiao-li Xiong, Kenneth Kak-yuen Wong, Shui-qing Chi, Ai-fen Zhou, Jian-qiao Tang, Li-shan Zhou, Patrick Ho-yu Chung, Gilbert Chua, Ketih Tung, Ian Wong, Celine Chui, Xue Li, Mike Yat-wah Kwan, Wilfred Hing-sang Wong, Marco Hok-kung Ho, Godfrey Chi-fung Chan, Guo-qing Cao, Kang Li, Patrick Ip, Peng Chen, Shao-tao Tang, Paul Kwong-hang Tam
Journal: Gut (2020)

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms1 2 and positive stool severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection3 have been reported in COVID-19 infected patients. However, these studies mainly focused on the adult population, and it is still not known whether children with COVID-19 have similar GI involvement.

We here report the clinical characteristics of 244 consecutive COVID-19 positive children from Wuhan, during the period 21 January to 20 March 2020. All were confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on nasopharyngeal swabs. We specifically compared the differences between patients with and without GI symptoms (having at least one of the following: diarrhoea; nausea and vomiting; abdominal pain; and decreased feeding). In our cohort, 34 of 244 (13.9%) presented with GI symptoms on admission. These patients were much younger (14 vs 86 months; p<0.05), and more than half were under 3 years old.

For the clinical and laboratory parameters, patients with GI symptoms were more likely to have fever on admission (70.6% vs 35.7%, p<0.05) (table 1). No other significant differences were found between the two groups, including respiratory symptoms, the duration of …
PERFORMANCE OF EUS-FNA WITH A NEW FLEXIBLE 19 G NEEDLE FOR DIAGNOSING SOLID LESIONS OF THE HEAD AND UNCINATE PROCESS OF THE PANCREAS. PROSPECTIVE, MULTICENTER STUDY
Authors: G Fernández-Esparrach, Pietro Fusaroli, O Sendino, A Seicean, AZ Gimeno-García, A Lisotti, A Cominardi, J Gratacós-Ginès, A Montenegro, A Ginès
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Large bore needles aim to overcome the frequent unavailability of the rapid on site evaluation (ROSE) of the EUS-FNA samples. However, its rigidity causes a high failure of the technique in lesions of the head and uncinated process of the pancreas.
BENEFITS OF THE ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND-GUIDED FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION (EUS-FNA) FOR THE EVALUATION OF HYPERMETABOLIC MEDIASTINAL LYMPHADENOPATHY DETECTED BY PET-CT WITH 18F-FDG (PET) (APOGEE STUDY)
Authors: D Béchade, C Bellera, C Cantarel, I Soubeyran, AL Cazeau
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims During cancer management, the high sensitivity (Se) (95-100%) of PET-CT With 18F-FDG can lead to the demonstration of hypermetabolic mediastinal adenopathies. Its lower specificity (Sp) (89%) can require histological examination. We report the results of a prospective, single-center study evaluating the diagnostic performance of EUS-FNA in this indication.
Serology characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection after exposure and post-symptom onset
Authors: Bin Lou, Ting-Dong Li, Shu-Fa Zheng, Ying-Ying Su, Zhi-Yong Li, Wei Liu, Fei Yu, Sheng-Xiang Ge, Qian-Da Zou, Quan Yuan, Sha Lin, Cong-Ming Hong, Xiang-Yang Yao, Xue-Jie Zhang, Ding-Hui Wu, Guo-Liang Zhou, Wang-Heng Hou, Ting-Ting Li, Ya-Li Zhang, Shi-Yin Zhang, Jian Fan, Jun Zhang, Ning-Shao Xia, Yu Chen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Background Timely diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a prerequisite for treatment and prevention. The serology characteristics and complement diagnosis value of the antibody test to RNA test need to be demonstrated. Method Serial sera of 80 patients with PCR-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were collected at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Total antibody (Ab), IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected, and the antibody dynamics during the infection were described. Results The seroconversion rates for Ab, IgM and IgG were 98.8%, 93.8% and 93.8%, respectively. The first detectible serology marker was Ab, followed by IgM and IgG, with a median seroconversion time of 15, 18 and 20 days post exposure (d.p.e.) or 9, 10 and 12 days post onset (d.p.o.), respectively. The antibody levels increased rapidly beginning at 6 d.p.o. and were accompanied by a decline in viral load. For patients in the early stage of illness (0–7 d.p.o), Ab showed the highest sensitivity (64.1%) compared with IgM and IgG (33.3% for both; p&lt;0.001). The sensitivities of Ab, IgM and IgG increased to 100%, 96.7% and 93.3%, respectively, 2 weeks later. When the same antibody type was detected, no significant difference was observed between enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and other forms of immunoassays. Conclusions A typical acute antibody response is induced during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Serology testing provides an important complement to RNA testing in the later stages of illness for pathogenic-specific diagnosis and helpful information to evaluate the adapted immunity status of patients.
PREDICTORS OF COMPLICATION RELATED TO PLASTIC BILIARY STENT PLACEMENT SECONDARY TO CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS: A SINGLE-CENTER RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
Authors: ML Medina, G Dee
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims ERCP with plastic biliary stent placement is considered as an alternative to surgery in cases of failed removal of common bile duct stones. Current guidelines recommend that it should be removed or replaced within 3–6 months to prevent complications. The primary aim of this study was to identify factors related to the development of stent-related complications such as stent migration, stent occlusion and cholangitis.
Decontamination of respirators in the covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Miranda Loh, John W Cherrie, Robert J Aitken
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Paraxanthine (PX; 1,7-dimethylxanthine) is the major metabolite of caffeine in humans. Despite the continuous exposure of a large proportion of the population to PX, little is known about PX disposition in humans. The present study was performed to define the metabolic partial clearances of PX in humans and, by determining the effects of cimetidine and allopurinol pretreatments on PX disposition, assess the relative importance of cytochrome P-450 and xanthine oxidase in PX biotransformation. The combined formation of the 7-demethylated products 1-methylxanthine (1-MX), 1-methyluric acid (1-MU) and 5-acetyl-amino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil (AFMU) accounted for 67% of PX clearance. Formation of 7-methylxanthine (7-MX) and 1,7-dimethyluric acid and renal excretion of unchanged PX comprised 6, 8 and 9% of PX clearance, respectively. Allopurinol pretreatment had no effect on PX plasma clearance but decreased 1-MU excretion and increased 1-MX excretion, with the combined excretion of these metabolites remaining constant. Cimetidine pretreatment decreased PX plasma clearance by 30%. Metabolic partial clearances to 1-MX + 1-MU and to AFMU were reduced to a similar extent (ca. 40%) in the cimetidine treatment phase, but other pathways were not significantly affected. These data are consistent with 1-MX and AFMU being derived from a common intermediate, the formation of which is mediated by cytochrome P-450. Xanthine oxidase catalyzes only the secondary conversion of 1-MX to 1-MU.
Design of ocular drug delivery platforms and in vitro - in vivo evaluation of riboflavin to the cornea by non-interventional (epi-on) technique for keratoconus treatment
Authors: Eren Aytekin, Naile Öztürk, İmran Vural, H. Kerem Polat, Hasan Basri Çakmak, Sema Çalış, Sibel Bozdağ Pehlivan
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2020)
Ribosomal S6 protein kinase 4 promotes radioresistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ming-Yang Li, Lin-Ni Fan, Dong-Hui Han, Zhou Yu, Jing Ma, Yi-Xiong Liu, Pei-Feng Li, Dan-Hui Zhao, Jia Chai, Lei Jiang, Shi-Liang Li, Juan-Juan Xiao, Qiu-Hong Duan, Jing Ye, Mei Shi, Yong-Zhan Nie, Kai-Chun Wu, Dezhong Joshua Liao, Yu Shi, Yan Wang, Qing-Guo Yan, Shuang-Ping Guo, Xiu-Wu Bian, Feng Zhu, Jian Zhang, Zhe Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive cancers and is highly resistant to current treatments. ESCC harbors a subpopulation of cells exhibiting cancer stem-like cell (CSC) properties that contribute to therapeutic resistance including radioresistance, but the molecular mechanisms in ESCC CSCs are currently unknown. Here, we report that ribosomal S6 protein kinase 4 (RSK4) plays a pivotal role in promoting CSC properties and radioresistance in ESCC. RSK4 was highly expressed in ESCC CSCs and associated with radioresistance and poor survival in patients with ESCC. RSK4 was found to be a direct downstream transcriptional target of ΔNp63α, the main p63 isoform, which is frequently amplified in ESCC. RSK4 activated the β-catenin signaling pathway through direct phosphorylation of GSK-3β at Ser9. Pharmacologic inhibition of RSK4 effectively reduced CSC properties and improved radiosensitivity in both nude mouse and patient-derived xenograft models. Collectively, our results strongly suggest that the ΔNp63α/RSK4/GSK-3β axis plays a key role in driving CSC properties and radioresistance in ESCC, indicating that RSK4 is a promising therapeutic target for ESCC treatment.
A Computer-Assisted Medical Diagnostic Consultation Service
Authors: Richard A. Bankowitz, Melissa A. McNeil, Sue M. Challinor, Ronnie C. Parker, Wishwa N. Kapoor, Randolph A. Miller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Abstract Study Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of a computeraided consultation service using academic general internists and the Quick Medical Reference (QMR) diagnostic program; and to study th...
Standard-of-Care Axicabtagene Ciloleucel for Relapsed or Refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Results From the US Lymphoma CAR T Consortium
Authors: Loretta J. Nastoupil, Michael D. Jain, Lei Feng, Jay Y. Spiegel, Armin Ghobadi, Yi Lin, Saurabh Dahiya, Matthew Lunning, Lazaros Lekakis, Patrick Reagan, Olalekan Oluwole, Joseph McGuirk, Abhinav Deol, Alison R. Sehgal, Andre Goy, Brian T. Hill, Khoan Vu, Charalambos Andreadis, Javier Munoz, Jason Westin, Julio C. Chavez, Amanda Cashen, N. Nora Bennani, Aaron P. Rapoport, Julie M. Vose, David B. Miklos, Sattva S. Neelapu, Frederick L. Locke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

PURPOSE Axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) is an autologous CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy approved for relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) on the basis of the single-arm phase II ZUMA-1 trial, which showed best overall and complete response rates in infused patients of 83% and 58%, respectively. We report clinical outcomes with axi-cel in the standard-of-care (SOC) setting for the approved indication. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data were collected retrospectively from all patients with relapsed/refractory LBCL who underwent leukapheresis as of September 30, 2018, at 17 US institutions with the intent to receive SOC axi-cel. Toxicities were graded and managed according to each institution’s guidelines. Responses were assessed as per Lugano 2014 classification. RESULTS Of 298 patients who underwent leukapheresis, 275 (92%) received axi-cel therapy. Compared with the registrational ZUMA-1 trial, 129 patients (43%) in this SOC study would not have met ZUMA-1 eligibility criteria because of comorbidities at the time of leukapheresis. Among the axi-cel–treated patients, grade ≥ 3 cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity occurred in 7% and 31%, respectively. Nonrelapse mortality was 4.4%. Best overall and complete response rates in infused patients were 82% (95% CI, 77% to 86%) and 64% (95% CI, 58% to 69%), respectively. At a median follow-up of 12.9 months from the time of CAR T-cell infusion, median progression-free survival was 8.3 months (95% CI, 6.0 to15.1 months), and median overall survival was not reached. Patients with poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2-4 and elevated lactate dehydrogenase had shorter progression-free and overall survival on univariable and multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION The safety and efficacy of axi-cel in the SOC setting in patients with relapsed/refractory LBCL was comparable to the registrational ZUMA-1 trial.
ATF3 Repression of BCL-XL Determines Apoptotic Sensitivity toHDACInhibitors across Tumor Types
Authors: Anderly C Chueh, Janson Wt Tse, Michael Dickinson, Paul Ioannidis, Laura Jenkins, Lars Togel, BeeShin Tan, Ian Luk, Mercedes Davalos-Salas, Rebecca Nightingale, Matthew R Thompson, Bryan Rg Williams, Guillaume Lessene, Erinna F Lee, Walter D Fairlie, Amardeep S Dhillon, John M Mariadason
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2017)
SMALL BOWEL POLYPECTOMY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF PEUTZ-JEGHER ASSOCIATED RECURRENT INTUSSUSCEPTION
Authors: MS Ismail, S Semenov, S Sihag, D McNamara
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Background Intussusception as a consequence of large small bowel polyps is not uncommon in Peutz-Jegher patients. Prior to Device-Assisted Enteroscopy (DAE), surgery with associated morbidity or conservative management was the only treatment option.
TARGETED VERSUS STANDARD NON-TARGETED BIOPSIES IN BARRETT’S ESOPHAGUS SURVEILLANCE
Authors: JC Silva, C Fernades, R Pinho, L Proença, AP Silva, M Sousa, AC Gomes, J Carvalho
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Barrett’s Esophagus survaillance is performed with random 4-quadrant biopsy every-2cm to detect dysplasia complemented with targeted biopsies of suspicious lesions - Seattle Protocol. The main limitations are sampling error and costs associated with histology. The main aim was compare diagnostic yield, defined by dysplasia in the histology, of random biopsies with targeted biopsies.
ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND-GUIDED DRAINAGE OF PELVIC ABSCESS WITH LUMEN-APPOSING STENT
Authors: BB Cabredo, RM Sáiz Chumillas, LA Hernández, GH Bautista, ACM Urdaneta, MAJ Moreno, IC Martín-Falquina, JS Sánchez, JCP Álvarez
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is a well-established technique for transenteric drainage of abdominal collections that can replace surgical or percutaneus approach. In the same way, lumen-apposing stents have changed these patients management.
Cassandra’s curse and covid-19: why do governments listen to businesses over doctors?
Authors: Stephen T Green, Lorenzo Cladi
Journal: BMJ (2020)

<b>Objective:</b> To determine whether a patient’s responses to sensitive questions about their sexual behaviour are influenced by the sex of their treating practitioner. <b>Methods:</b> An audit was conducted on the computerised medical records of all patients attending the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre through the walk-in triage system between January 2003 and July 2005. Patient responses to sensitive questions about their sexual behaviour were analysed according to patient group (based upon the sex of their sexual partners) and the sex of the treating practitioner. <b>Results:</b> There was no significant difference in the reported number of sexual partners, condom use, sex overseas, injecting drug use, or commercial sex work based on the sex of the treating practitioner for the different patient groups. This held true whether clients were homosexual men (n = 1609, p&gt;0.07), heterosexual men (n = 4847, p&gt;0.11), or women (n = 4910, p&gt;0.08). <b>Conclusions:</b> The sex of the practitioner did not significantly influence patient responses to sensitive questions about their sexual behaviour.
Effectiveness of an Internet-Delivered Exercise and Pain-Coping Skills Training Intervention for Persons With Chronic Knee Pain
Authors: Kim L. Bennell, Rachel Nelligan, Fiona Dobson, Christine Rini, Francis Keefe, Jessica Kasza, Simon French, Christina Bryant, Andrew Dalwood, J. Haxby Abbott, Rana S. Hinman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2017)

Effective and accessible biopsychosocial treatments are needed to manage chronic knee pain on a population level. In this parallel-group randomized trial, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of...
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2–Specific Antibodies Among Adults in Los Angeles County, California, on April 10-11, 2020
Authors: Neeraj Sood, Paul Simon, Peggy Ebner, Daniel Eichner, Jeffrey Reynolds, Eran Bendavid, Jay Bhattacharya
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Seroconversion of Health Care Workers and Patients in a Pediatric Dialysis Unit