tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers on disease outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Keeley M Fairbrass, Deloar Hoshen, David J Gracie, Alexander C Ford
Journal: Gut (2020)

We read the recent paper by Garg et al 1 with interest. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has an established role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis and inflammation in renal and cardiovascular disease. However, high concentrations of ACE and renin are also found in the small and large intestines. These, along with angiotensin II, are elevated further within the inflamed colonic tissue of patients with IBD, compared with healthy controls.1 2 ACE inhibitor (ACE-I) or angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) therapy may inhibit the effects of RAS in IBD. In their study Garg et al 1 demonstrated lower rates of hospitalisation and surgery among patients with IBD receiving these drugs. We aimed to examine the relationship between ACE-I …
Circulating Tumor DNA as a Prognostic Marker in Stage III Colon Cancer
Authors: Zhengyi Zhao, Shangli Cai, Zhijie Wang
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Association of Organizational Factors and Physician Practices’ Participation in Alternative Payment Models
Authors: Mariétou H. Ouayogodé, Taressa Fraze, Eugene C. Rich, Carrie H. Colla
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Consolidation among physician practices and between hospitals and physician practices has accelerated in the past decade, resulting in higher prices in commercial markets. The resulting integration of health care across clinicians and participation in alternative payment models (APMs), which aim to improve quality while constraining spending, are cited as reasons for consolidation, but little is known about the association between integration and APM participation. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine the association of organizational characteristics, ownership, and integration with intensity of participation in APMs among physician practices. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A cross-sectional descriptive study, adjusted for sampling and nonresponse weights, was conducted in US physician practice respondents to the National Survey of Healthcare Organizations and Systems conducted between June 16, 2017, and August 17, 2018; of 2333 responses received (response rate, 46.9%) and after exclusion of ineligible and incomplete responses, the number of practices included in the analysis was 2061. Data analysis was performed from April 1, 2019, to August 31, 2019. <h3>Exposures</h3> Self-reported physician practice characteristics, including ownership, integration (clinical, cultural, financial, and functional), care delivery capabilities, activities, and environmental factors. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Participation in APMs: (1) bundled payments, (2) comprehensive primary care and medical home programs, (3) pay-for-performance programs, (4) capitated contracts with commercial health plans, and (5) accountable care organization contracts. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 49.2% of the 2061 practices included reported participating in 3 or more APMs; most participated in pay-for-performance and accountable care organization models. Covariate-adjusted analyses suggested that operating within a health care system (odds ratio [OR] for medical group: 2.35; 95% CI, 1.70-3.25;<i>P</i> &lt; .001; simple health system: 1.46; 95% CI, 1.08-1.97;<i>P</i> = .02; and complex health system: 1.76; 95% CI, 1.25-2.47;<i>P</i> = .001 relative to independent practices), greater clinical (OR, 4.68; 95% CI, 2.28-9.59;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and functional (OR, 4.24; 95% CI, 2.00-8.97;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) integration, and being located in the Northeast (OR for Midwest: 0.47; 95% CI, 0.34-0.65;<i>P</i> &lt; .001; South: 0.47; 95% CI, 0.34-0.66;<i>P</i> &lt; .001; and West: 0.64; 95% CI, 0.46-0.91;<i>P</i> = .01) were associated with greater APM participation. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Greater APM participation appears to be supported by integration and system ownership.
Treatment of Trametinib-Associated Folliculitis Eruption With Fluconazole
Authors: Chelsea Steele, Timothy Gershon, Craig Burkhart, Paul Googe
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Abstract 300: End-Tidal CO <sub>2</sub> -Guided Chest Compression Delivery Improves Survival in a Pediatric Model of Respiratory Failure and Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Caitlin E O’Brien, Polan T Santos, Michael Reyes, Shawn Adams, C. Danielle Hopkins, Ewa Kulikowicz, Jennifer K Lee, Elizabeth A Hunt, Raymond C Koehler, Donald H Shaffner
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends the use of end-tidal CO 2 (ETCO 2 ) to evaluate the quality of chest compression delivery during CPR. In a pediatric model of asphyxial cardiac arrest, ETCO 2 -guided chest compression delivery improved survival over standard CPR. Since the most common cause of pediatric cardiac arrest is respiratory failure, we investigated whether this observed survival benefit persisted in a model of respiratory failure preceding cardiac arrest. Methods: Prior to a 17-min asphyxial cardiac arrest, peak inspiratory pressures were adjusted to a goal PaCO 2 of 80 torr to mimic pre-arrest respiratory failure. Male swine (3-4 kg) were randomized to receive either ETCO 2 -guided or standard CPR for 10 min of BLS followed by 10 min of ALS. In the ETCO 2 -guided group, chest compression rate and depth were adjusted to obtain a maximal ETCO 2 level. In the standard group, chest compressions were delivered per AHA guidelines. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded every 30 seconds, and resuscitation was continued for 20 min or until ROSC. Results: Twenty swine underwent asphyxial cardiac arrest. After adjustment of ventilation prior to asphyxia, pH and PaCO 2 were 7.15 and 79 torr in the ETCO 2 -guided group and 7.14 and 78 torr in the standard group. Survival was greater in the ETCO 2 -guided group than in the standard group (7/10 versus 1/10; p=0.02). During resuscitation, mean ETCO 2 and chest compression rate were higher in the ETCO 2 -guided group (38.6 ± 1.2 versus 22.9 ± 1.2, p=0.01; 154.4 ± 1.2 versus 100.5 ± 0.1, p&lt;0.001, respectively). During resuscitation, diastolic blood pressure, myocardial perfusion pressure, systemic perfusion pressure, and cerebral perfusion pressure were higher in the ETCO 2 -guided group ( Figure 1 ) Conclusions: ETCO 2 -guided chest compression delivery improves survival and resuscitation hemodynamics over standard CPR in a pediatric model of respiratory failure and cardiac arrest.
Lifetime Prevalence of Self-Reported Work-Related Health Problems Among U.S. Workers — United States, 2018
Authors: Hannah Free, Matthew R. Groenewold, Sara E. Luckhaupt
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

Approximately 2.8 million nonfatal workplace illnesses and injuries were reported in the United States in 2018 (1). Current surveillance methods might underestimate the prevalence of occupational injuries and illnesses (2,3). One way to obtain more information on occupational morbidity is to assess workers' perceptions about whether they have ever experienced health problems related to work (4). Occupational exposures might directly cause, contribute to, exacerbate, or predispose workers to various health problems (work-related health problems). CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health estimated the lifetime prevalence of self-reported, work-related health problems for the currently employed population overall and stratified by various demographic and job characteristics using data from the 2018 version of the SummerStyles survey. Overall, 35.1% of employed respondents had ever experienced a work-related health problem (95% confidence interval [CI] = 33.0%-37.3%). The most commonly reported work-related health problem was back pain (19.4%, 95% CI = 17.6%-21.2%). Among industries, construction (48.6%, 95% CI = 36.54%-60.58%) had the highest prevalence of any work-related health problems. Workplace injury and illness prevention programs are needed to reduce the prevalence of work-related health problems, especially in higher-risk industries.
Factors which influence death rates in different types of epidermal necrolysis (drug reactions)
Authors: C. Traikia, C. Hua, L. Le Cleach, N. Prost, F. Hemery, T. Bettuzzi, O. Chosidow, P. Wolkenstein, S. Ingen‐Housz‐Oro, E. Sbidian
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (also called TEN or Lyell syndrome) is a devastating type of drug allergy. It affects only one or two people per million, but is often fatal. Patients rapidly lose more than 30% of their skin (known as skin detachment) and suffer blistering of membranes such as eyes, mouth and genitals. Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) is similar but with less than 10% skin detachment and the term SJS/TEN overlap syndrome refers to those with 10‐29% skin detachment. We know that patients who are older with more detached skin and other illnesses are more likely to die, but we don't know whether the death rate also depends on where they are treated. Management (medical care) of these conditions is very complex involving many different specialties, such as dermatology, ophthalmology and oral medicine, and few hospitals treat enough patients to gain expertise. This study uses national data on patients aged over 15 years, treated in French hospitals over a five year period from January 2010. Of 991 patients seen in 300 hospitals, 60% had SJS, 17% had SJS/TEN overlap and 23% had TEN. In total, 109 (11%) patients died: nine (2%) with SJS, 26 (15%) with SJS/TEN overlap and 74 (33%) with TEN. The number of cases per hospital over five years ranged from one to more than 70, and survival rate was significantly better for hospitals with more cases. Being transferred between hospitals did not affect the death rate. The authors conclude that patients with SJS and TEN should be transferred to centres with more experience in managing these conditions. This is a summary of the study: Individual‐ and hospital‐level factors associated with epidermal necrolysis mortality: a nationwide multilevel study, France, 2012–2016
Associations Between Mutations in MSH6 and PMS2 and Risk of Surveillance-detected Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Mehul Lamba, Chris Wakeman, Rosy Ebel, Sarah Hamilton, Chris Frampton, Maxene Kiesanowski, Ben Griffiths, John Keating, Susan Parry, Teresa Chalmers-Watson
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)
Single-Cell–Derived Primary Rectal Carcinoma Cell Lines Reflect Intratumor Heterogeneity Associated with Treatment Response
Authors: Rüdiger Braun, Lena Anthuber, Daniela Hirsch, Darawalee Wangsa, Justin Lack, Nicole E. McNeil, Kerstin Heselmeyer-Haddad, Irianna Torres, Danny Wangsa, Markus A. Brown, Anthony Tubbs, Noam Auslander, E. Michael Gertz, Philip R. Brauer, Margaret C. Cam, Dan L. Sackett, Jens K. Habermann, Andre Nussenzweig, Eytan Ruppin, Zhongqiu Zhang, Daniel W. Rosenberg, Thomas Ried
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Purpose: The standard treatment of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer consists of preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgery. However, the response of individual tumors to CRT is extremely diverse, presenting a clinical dilemma. This broad variability in treatment response is likely attributable to intratumor heterogeneity (ITH). Experimental Design: We addressed the impact of ITH on response to CRT by establishing single-cell–derived cell lines (SCDCL) from a treatment-naïve rectal cancer biopsy after xenografting. Results: Individual SCDCLs derived from the same tumor responded profoundly different to CRT in vitro. Clonal reconstruction of the tumor and derived cell lines based on whole-exome sequencing revealed nine separate clusters with distinct proportions in the SCDCLs. Missense mutations in SV2A and ZWINT were clonal in the resistant SCDCL, but not detected in the sensitive SCDCL. Single-cell genetic analysis by multiplex FISH revealed the expansion of a clone with a loss of PIK3CA in the resistant SCDCL. Gene expression profiling by tRNA-sequencing identified the activation of the Wnt, Akt, and Hedgehog signaling pathways in the resistant SCDCLs. Wnt pathway activation in the resistant SCDCLs was confirmed using a reporter assay. Conclusions: Our model system of patient-derived SCDCLs provides evidence for the critical role of ITH for treatment response in patients with rectal cancer and shows that distinct genetic aberration profiles are associated with treatment response. We identified specific pathways as the molecular basis of treatment response of individual clones, which could be targeted in resistant subclones of a heterogenous tumor.
The State of Cancer Care in America: Impact of State Policy on Access to High-Quality Cancer Care
Authors: Terrell Johnson, Lindsey A.M. Bandini, Kara Martin, Lee Jones, Jennifer Carlson, Ronald S. Walters, Robert W. Carlson
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2020)

Health policy in America has shifted rapidly over the last decade, and states are increasingly exercising greater authority over health policy decision-making. This localization and regionalization of healthcare policy poses significant challenges for patients with cancer, providers, advocates, and policymakers. To identify the challenges and opportunities that lay ahead of stakeholders, NCCN hosted the 2019 Policy Summit: The State of Cancer Care in America on June 27, 2019, in Washington, DC. The summit featured multidisciplinary panel discussions to explore the implications for access to quality cancer care within a shifting health policy landscape from a patient, provider, and lawmaker perspective. This article encapsulates the discussion from this NCCN Policy Summit.
A Cluster of Autism-Associated Variants on X-Linked NLGN4X Functionally Resemble NLGN4Y
Authors: Thien A. Nguyen, Kunwei Wu, Saurabh Pandey, Alexander W. Lehr, Yan Li, Michael A. Bemben, John D. Badger, Julie L. Lauzon, Tongguang Wang, Kareem A. Zaghloul, Audrey Thurm, Mahim Jain, Wei Lu, Katherine W. Roche
Journal: Neuron (2020)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is more prevalent in males; however, the etiology for this sex bias is not well understood. Many mutations on X-linked cell adhesion molecule NLGN4X result in ASD or intellectual disability. NLGN4X is part of an X-Y pair, with NLGN4Y sharing ∼97% sequence homology. Using biochemistry, electrophysiology, and imaging, we show that NLGN4Y displays severe deficits in maturation, surface expression, and synaptogenesis regulated by one amino acid difference with NLGN4X. Furthermore, we identify a cluster of ASD-associated mutations surrounding the critical amino acid in NLGN4X, and these mutations phenocopy NLGN4Y. We show that NLGN4Y cannot compensate for the functional deficits observed in ASD-associated NLGN4X mutations. Altogether, our data reveal a potential pathogenic mechanism for male bias in NLGN4X-associated ASD.
Functionalization of Alginate with Extracellular Matrix Peptides Enhances Viability and Function of Encapsulated Porcine Islets
Authors: Juan D. Medina, Michael Alexander, Michael D. Hunckler, Marc A. Fernández‐Yagüe, María M. Coronel, Alexandra M. Smink, Jonathan R. Lakey, Paul de Vos, Andrés J. García
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Translation of transplanted alginate‐encapsulated pancreatic islets to treat type 1 diabetes has been hindered by inconsistent long‐term efficacy. This loss of graft function can be partially attributed to islet dysfunction associated with the destruction of extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions during the islet isolation process as well as immunosuppression‐associated side effects. This study aims at recapitulating islet‐ECM interactions by the direct functionalization of alginate with the ECM‐derived peptides RGD, LRE, YIGSR, PDGEA, and PDSGR. Peptide functionalization is controlled in a concentration‐dependent manner and its presentation is found to be homogeneous across the microcapsule environment. Preweaned porcine islets are encapsulated in peptide‐functionalized alginate microcapsules, and those encapsulated in RGD‐functionalized alginate displays enhanced viability and glucose‐stimulated insulin release. Effects are RGD‐specific and not observed with its scrambled control RDG nor with LRE, YIGSR, PDGEA, and PDSGR. This study supports the sustained presentation of ECM‐derived peptides in helping to maintain health of encapsulated pancreatic islets and may aid in prolonging longevity of encapsulated islet grafts.
The Peekaboo Visit
Authors: JoAnne Burger
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Biocompatibility of biphasic α,β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics in vitro
Authors: T.V. Safronova, I.I. Selezneva, S.A. Tikhonova, A.S. Kiselev, G.A. Davydova, T.B. Shatalova, D.S. Larionov, J.V. Rau
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2020)

The biocompatibility of biphasic α,β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics, obtained by annealing a compact preform based on β-tricalcium phosphate powder, was studied in vitro. It was found that within 10–30 days the adhesion of primary dental pulp stem cells located on the surface of biphasic α,β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics is suppressed. Decrease of the cell number on the surface of biphasic α,β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics, most likely, can be associated with both the pH level (acidic) as a result of hydrolysis of the more soluble phase of α-tricalcium phosphate and with the nature of surface that changes as a result of the formation and growth of hydroxyapatite crystals.
Trends in U.S. Burden of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection and Outcomes
Authors: Alice Y. Guh, Yi Mu, Lisa G. Winston, Helen Johnston, Danyel Olson, Monica M. Farley, Lucy E. Wilson, Stacy M. Holzbauer, Erin C. Phipps, Ghinwa K. Dumyati, Zintars G. Beldavs, Marion A. Kainer, Maria Karlsson, Dale N. Gerding, L. Clifford McDonald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Efforts to prevent Clostridioides difficile infection continue to expand across the health care spectrum in the United States. Whether these efforts are reducing the national burden of C. difficile infection is unclear.
Molecular Imaging of the Tumor Microenvironment Reveals the Relationship between Tumor Oxygenation, Glucose Uptake, and Glycolysis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kazutoshi Yamamoto, Jeffrey R. Brender, Tomohiro Seki, Shun Kishimoto, Nobu Oshima, Rajani Choudhuri, Stephen S. Adler, Elaine M. Jagoda, Keita Saito, Nallathamby Devasahayam, Peter L. Choyke, James B. Mitchell, Murali C. Krishna
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Molecular imaging approaches for metabolic and physiologic imaging of tumors have become important for treatment planning and response monitoring. However, the relationship between the physiologic and metabolic aspects of tumors is not fully understood. Here, we developed new hyperpolarized MRI and electron paramagnetic resonance imaging procedures that allow more direct assessment of tumor glycolysis and oxygenation status quantitatively. We investigated the spatial relationship between hypoxia, glucose uptake, and glycolysis in three human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumor xenografts with differing physiologic and metabolic characteristics. At the bulk tumor level, there was a strong positive correlation between