tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EPR19-068: Association of Oral Premalignant Lesions with the Consumption of Tobacco
Authors: Chinmay T. Jani, Arpita Joshi, Khushboo Jain, D. V. Bala
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2019)

Introduction: Tobacco use is a major public health problem globally. According to the WHO, tobacco is the second most important cause of death in the world. Tobacco is used in different forms: smoke and smokeless. In India, people also consume beetle nut along with tobacco, causing more harmful effects. The present study was done to determine prevalence of tobacco use in industrial workers and associate it with the prevalence of oral premalignant lesions. Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study of 909 industrial workers working in 4 industries was undertaken from March 2014 to October 2014. Cases who had consumed tobacco in either form for over a year were included. Sociodemographic history and the history of current and past tobacco consumption were recorded. The oral cavity was examined for premalignancy. Results: Of 909 subjects, 537 (59.1%) had a history of consuming tobacco; of which, 360 (39.6%) were consumers of smokeless tobacco (SLT) and 141 (15.5%) were smokers. Oral premalignant lesions were present in around 52% of the study population that was exposed to tobacco, amongst which tobacco quid lesion was the most common (10.9%) followed by oral submucous fibrosis (9.8%). OSMF was seen more in beetle nut chewers. The odds of developing an oral premalignant lesion as a result of exposure to tobacco are 43.62 times more than the odds of acquiring a lesion without exposure. Conclusion: Tobacco consumption in any form is hazardous and causes various kinds of oral premalignant lesions. Beetle nut exposure causes more harmful effect which goes unnoticed. Awareness should be created about various lesions caused by tobacco as well as beetle nut and special steps should be taken for early diagnosis and its treatment.
Core Outcome Measures in Preclinical Assessment of Candidate Analgesics
Authors: S. Stevens Negus
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2019)

All preclinical procedures for analgesic drug discovery involve two components: 1) a "pain stimulus" (the principal independent variable), which is delivered to an experimental subject with the intention of producing a pain state; and 2) a "pain behavior" (the principal dependent variable), which is measured as evidence of that pain state. Candidate analgesics are then evaluated for their effectiveness to reduce the pain behavior, and results are used to prioritize drugs for advancement to clinical testing. This review describes a taxonomy of preclinical procedures organized into an "antinociception matrix" by reference to their types of pain stimulus (noxious, inflammatory, neuropathic, disease related) and pain behavior (unconditioned, classically conditioned, operant conditioned). Particular emphasis is devoted to pain behaviors and the behavioral principals that govern their expression, pharmacological modulation, and preclinical-to-clinical translation. Strengths and weaknesses are compared and contrasted for procedures using each type of behavioral outcome measure, and the following four recommendations are offered to promote strategic use of these procedures for preclinical-to-clinical analgesic drug testing. First, attend to the degree of homology between preclinical and clinical outcome measures, and use preclinical procedures with behavioral outcome measures homologous to clinically relevant outcomes in humans. Second, use combinations of preclinical procedures with complementary strengths and weaknesses to optimize both sensitivity and selectivity of preclinical testing. Third, take advantage of failed clinical translation to identify drugs that can be back-translated preclinically as active negative controls. Finally, increase precision of procedure labels by indicating both the pain stimulus and the pain behavior in naming preclinical procedures.
<i>Notes from the Field:</i>Investigation of Colorado Tick Fever Virus Disease Cases — Oregon, 2018
Authors: Emily McDonald, Debbie George, Steven Rekant, Emily Curren, Emilio DeBess, Katrina Hedberg, Jon Lutz, Jennifer Faith, Heather Kaisner, Richard Fawcett, Rebecca Sherer, Rob Kanyuch, Audrey Gudmundsson, Nicole Gardner, Marianne Salt, Olga Kosoy, Jason Velez, Erin Staples, Marc Fischer, Carolyn Gould
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2019)

In early summer 2018, four cases of Colorado tick fever (CTF) were reported in residents of central Oregon; CTF virus infection was confirmed at CDC using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction assay.
New Definition of Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Taiki Nishihara, Eiichiro Yamamoto, Takanori Tokitsu, Daisuke Sueta, Koichiro Fujisue, Hiroki Usuku, Seiji Takashio, Kenji Sakamoto, Koichi Kaikita, Kenichi Tsujita
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2019)
Statistical significance should be abandoned, say scientists
Authors: Harriet Pike
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Scientists writing in Nature have called for the concept of statistical significance to be abandoned, a move backed by the American Statistical Association.

Valentin Amrhein, a professor of zoology at the University of Basel, Switzerland, and colleagues argued that researchers often apply P values incorrectly and use them to draw unhelpful conclusions. “The false belief that crossing the threshold of statistical significance is enough to show that a result is ‘real’ has led scientists and journal editors to privilege such results, thereby distorting the literature,” they wrote in Nature .1

The authors said that researchers should never conclude that there is “no difference” or “no association” between two results just because a P value is larger than a threshold such as 0.05 or because a confidence interval includes …
Implant placement in fresh extraction sockets
Authors: Juan Blanco, Cristina Carral, Olalla Argibay, Antonio Liñares
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2019)

Abstract Recent systematic reviews have shown that the survival rate of immediate implant placement is similar to those with a delayed approach. However, preclinical models and human studies have shown that immediate implant placement per se does not preserve the anatomy of the alveolus, mainly at the buccal bone crest, leading to bony dehiscences and subsequently to soft‐tissue recession, with a great impact on esthetic outcomes. On the other hand, preclinical and human studies have identified factors that may prevent bone resorption after immediate implant placement, such as anatomical/biological (alveolus, gingival biotype, periapical/periodontal pathology) and surgical/restorative ones (implant diameter and positioning, flap/flapless, bone and connective tissue grafts, immediate loading/provisionalization, antibiotics). Taking these factors together and with a critical treatment plan made by an expert professional, the immediate treatment approach could be possible and beneficial for the patient.
Ultrasound-activated microbubbles as a novel intracellular drug delivery system for urinary tract infection
Authors: H. Horsley, J. Owen, R. Browning, D. Carugo, J. Malone-Lee, E. Stride, J.L. Rohn
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2019)

The development of new modalities for high-efficiency intracellular drug delivery is a priority for a number of disease areas. One such area is urinary tract infection (UTI), which is one of the most common infectious diseases globally and which imposes an immense economic and healthcare burden. Common uropathogenic bacteria have been shown to invade the urothelial wall during acute UTI, forming latent intracellular reservoirs that can evade antimicrobials and the immune response. This behaviour likely facilitates the high recurrence rates after oral antibiotic treatments, which are not able to penetrate the bladder wall and accumulate to an effective concentration. Meanwhile, oral antibiotics may also exacerbate antimicrobial resistance and cause systemic side effects. Using a human urothelial organoid model, we tested the ability of novel ultrasound-activated lipid microbubbles to deliver drugs into the cytoplasm of apical cells. The gas-filled lipid microbubbles were decorated with liposomes containing the non-cell-permeant antibiotic gentamicin and a fluorescent marker. The microbubble suspension was added to buffer at the apical surface of the bladder model before being exposed to ultrasound (1.1 MHz, 2.5 Mpa, 5500 cycles at 20 ms pulse duration) for 20 s. Our results show that ultrasound-activated intracellular delivery using microbubbles was over 16 times greater than the control group and twice that achieved by liposomes that were not associated with microbubbles. Moreover, no cell damage was detected. Together, our data show that ultrasound-activated microbubbles can safely deliver high concentrations of drugs into urothelial cells, and have the potential to be a more efficacious alternative to traditional oral antibiotic regimes for UTI. This modality of intracellular drug delivery may prove useful in other clinical indications, such as cancer and gene therapy, where such penetration would aid in treatment.
HSR19-089: Misperceptions Regarding Palliative and Hospice Care Among Cancer Patients: What Can We Learn from Patient-Reported Treatment Decision Making
Authors: Sara Hayes, Brian M. Green, Shayna Yeates, Amrita Bhowmick, Kaitlyn McNamara, Leslie Beth Herbert
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2019)

Background: Despite NCCN Guidelines and clear definition of palliative care, patients often carry misperceptions about palliative care and how it can be beneficially integrated into a patient’s care plan. In order to better understand the misinformation about palliative and hospice care, this study aims to assess patient-healthcare provider (HCP) communication regarding treatment decisions. Methods: An online survey was conducted with individuals who have had a diagnosis of cancer (n=1,517) to better understand their healthcare experiences as well as the impact their cancer diagnosis had on their quality of life. Measures included agreement scale questions assessing patient information needs surrounding treatment decision making. Open-ended questions where respondents were prompted to provide a written response allowed researchers to further assess patients’ understanding of palliative and hospice care. Responses to agreement-scale questions were evaluated using descriptive statistics. Openended question responses were analyzed using Dedoose qualitative data analysis software. Results: Among patients with a diagnosis of cancer, there were a broad range of patient misperceptions regarding palliative care, hospice care, and how they are used in cancer care. The majority of respondents (81%) stated that their HCP played a role when deciding on their treatment plan. Despite this, only 46% were confident they knew about the treatment’s impact on their daily life, 56% were confident they knew about the potential side effects of treatment, and 57% felt they had all of the information they needed. Themes identified through qualitative analysis include: patient conflation of palliative and hospice care, belief that palliative and hospice care are only relevant to end-of-life decision-making, and uncertainty about whether quality of life can actually be improved. Conclusions: Institutions and HCPs are recommended to integrate palliative care into cancer care. However, as this research shows, oncology patients are often misinformed about the benefits of palliative care. This follows a parallel concern of patients making treatment decisions without optimal information. A potential factor behind this unmet need may be lack of effective communication between patient and HCP. Palliative care may be mentioned by the HCP, but not discussed with enough empathy or depth, leading to patient misunderstanding and lack of inclusion in treatment plans.
A pannexin 1 channelopathy causes human oocyte death
Authors: Qing Sang, Zhihua Zhang, Juanzi Shi, Xiaoxi Sun, Bin Li, Zheng Yan, Songguo Xue, Ai Ai, Qifeng Lyu, Wei Li, Jilin Zhang, Ling Wu, Xiaoyan Mao, Biaobang Chen, Jian Mu, Qiaoli Li, Jing Du, Qiang Sun, Li Jin, Lin He, Shujia Zhu, Yanping Kuang, Lei Wang
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2019)

Connexins and pannexins are two protein families that play an important role in cellular communication. Pannexin 1 (PANX1), one of the members of pannexin family, is a channel protein. It is glycosylated and forms three species, GLY0, GLY1, and GLY2. Here, we describe four independent families in which mutations in
Trends in Asthma Mortality in the United States: 1999 to 2015
Authors: Emily Pennington, Zaid J. Yaqoob, Sadeer G. Al-kindi, Joe Zein
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2019)

Asthma is a chronic lung disease that is estimated to affect 26 million people in the United States as of 2016 (1).As the U.S. population ages, there are more elderly patients older than 65 years who have asthma.Aging has been associated with changes in asthma pathophysiology, symptoms, and response to therapy (2).Higher morbidity and mortality have been associated with this population.The reasons for this are multifaceted.These patients tend to underperceive their symptoms, and they are underdiagnosed and undertreated.Asthma in the elderly has been associated with more severe and difficult-to-treat asthma, and it is associated with higher inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting b-agonist use compared with adult patients with asthma aged 45 years and younger (3).Asthma mortality is highest in the population older than 65 years, even after adjusting for other age-related comorbidities (4).Differences in asthma severity have also been observed in women and black patients.Women have more severe asthma, higher hospitalization rates, and higher mortality rates (4, 5).Black patients with asthma have poorer asthma control, more emergency room visits, and more treatment failures (6, 7).In this letter, we investigate the trends in asthma mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2015 and explore the variation in different age groups, sex, and race.Some of the results of this study have been previously reported in the form of an abstract (8). Methods and ResultsWe conducted a population-based study using data collected by the CDC's National Asthma Control Program on asthma prevalence, and the CDC's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER), based on death certificates for US residents from 1999 to 2015.Results were adjusted for * P , 0.001 versus T1.
Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells (ECFC) As an Autologous Model for Studying Endothelial Pathophysiology in Sickle Cell Anemia and Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Authors: Stephanie Ospina-Prieto, Bruno K L Duarte, Jessica O F Guanaes, Fernando F. Costa, Margareth C Ozelo
Journal: Blood (2018)
HSR19-079: Disparities in Accessing Screening Mammography: Opportunities for Improving Diagnostic Outcomes
Authors: Nila Alsheik, Zhaohui Su, Anna Lafontant, Gregory Donadio, Kathleen Troeger, Scott Pohlman, Melinda Talley, Vandana Menon, Emily Conant
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2019)

Introduction: Screening mammography is a key component of secondary prevention programs targeting reductions in breast cancer mortality. The early detection of cancers facilitates treatment at a more curable, locoregionally limited stage. We describe characteristics and outcomes of women who had only one screening mammogram versus those who had annual or biennial screens. Methods: A cloud-based big data platform is being used to integrate and transform data from electronic medical records, radiology management systems, and tumor registries to create a learning health system. This analysis includes data from 227,834 women, aged 40–79 years, who underwent screening mammograms between January 2015 and June 2018 at 64 imaging facilities within 3 large, geographically diverse healthcare organizations. Patients with breast cancer history or implants were excluded. Women were defined as having one screen if they had &gt;24 months of follow-up with evidence of only one screen and were defined as having more than one screen if they had 2 screens at least 9 months apart. Interval cancer was defined as a breast cancer in the 12 months following a negative baseline mammogram. The chi-square test was used to test for differences between cohorts. Results: Of 227,834 women, 18.8% (n=42,911) met criteria for one screen [1-screen] and 81.2% (n=184,923) for 2 screens [2-screens]. There were significant differences between the groups in age (40.4% 60-79 years in the 1-screen cohort vs 49.1% in 2-screens; P &lt;.001), race (24.7% African American and 5.3% Asian in the 1-screen cohort and 18.5% and 3.6% in 2-screens; P &lt;.001), and lifetime risk of breast cancer (6.9% were in the elevated risk category in the 1-screen cohort and 9.3% in 2-screens; P &lt;.001). Recall rate for the 1-screen cohort was 16.6% compared to 7.7% for the second screen for the 2-screens ( P &lt;.001). The interval cancer rate was significantly higher ( P &lt;.001) for the 1-screen cohort (2.9 per 1000 screens) as compared to the second screen for the 2-screens (0.8 per 1000 screens). Conclusion: Women with evidence of only one screen during the 3.5-year study period tended to be younger and non-white. Although they had lower scores for lifetime risk of breast cancer, recall rates were twofold higher and interval cancer rates were threefold higher in the 1-screen cohort. Targeted initiatives are needed to improve adherence to screening in women at risk of noncompliance.
B cell maturation antigen–specific CAR T cells are clinically active in multiple myeloma
Authors: Adam D. Cohen, Alfred L. Garfall, Edward A. Stadtmauer, J. Joseph Melenhorst, Simon F. Lacey, Eric Lancaster, Dan T. Vogl, Brendan M. Weiss, Karen Dengel, Annemarie Nelson, Gabriela Plesa, Fang Chen, Megan M. Davis, Wei-Ting Hwang, Regina M. Young, Jennifer L. Brogdon, Randi Isaacs, Iulian Pruteanu-Malinici, Don L. Siegel, Bruce L. Levine, Carl H. June, Michael C. Milone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2019)

BACKGROUND. CAR T cells are a promising therapy for hematologic malignancies. B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is a rational target in multiple myeloma (MM).
Correction to: persistent mutant oncogene specific T cells in two patients benefitting from anti-PD-1
Authors: Kellie N. Smith, Nicolas J. Llosa, Tricia R. Cottrell, Nicholas Siegel, Hongni Fan, Prerna Suri, Hok Yee Chan, Haidan Guo, Teniola Oke, Anas H. Awan, Franco Verde, Ludmila Danilova, Valsamo Anagnostou, Ada J. Tam, Brandon S. Luber, Bjarne R. Bartlett, Laveet K. Aulakh, John-William Sidhom, Qingfeng Zhu, Cynthia L. Sears, Leslie Cope, William H. Sharfman, Elizabeth D. Thompson, Joanne Riemer, Kristen A. Marrone, Jarushka Naidoo, Victor E. Velculescu, Patrick M. Forde, Bert Vogelstein, Kenneth W. Kinzler, Nickolas Papadopoulos, Jennifer N. Durham, Hao Wang, Dung T. Le, Sune Justesen, Janis M. Taube, Luis A. Diaz Jr, Julie R. Brahmer, Drew M. Pardoll, Robert A. Anders, Franck Housseau
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2019)

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Disease Labels and Clear Communication With Patients—A Rose by Any Other Name Would Smell as Sweet
Authors: Elise C. Kohn, Shakun Malik
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
International Prognostic Indexes (IPI, RIPI, NCCN-IPI) for Predicting Overall Survival in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Can be Improved By Adding Serum Albumin As Another Predictive Factor. Retrospective Study of the Mexican Study Group in Lymphoma from a Database of 855 Patients
Authors: Luis Mario VILLELA Martinez, Ana Ramirez-Ibarguen, Efreen Montaño Figueroa, Montserrat Rojas-Sotelo, Fernando Perez-Jacobo, Gisela B. Gomez-Cruz, Silvia Rivas-Vera, Jorge Duque, Sergio Tena, Yocanxochitl Perfecto-Avalos, Guillermo Ruiz Arguelles, David Gomez-Almaguer, Carlos Best, Arianna Robles-Rodriguez, Alicia Guzman
Journal: Blood (2018)
Comparing Paclitaxel Plus Fluorouracil Versus Cisplatin Plus Fluorouracil in Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer: A Randomized, Multicenter, Phase III Clinical Trial
Authors: Yun Chen, Jinjun Ye, Zhengfei Zhu, Weixin Zhao, Jialiang Zhou, Chaoyang Wu, Huarong Tang, Min Fan, Ling Li, Qin Lin, Yi Xia, Yunhai Li, Jiancheng Li, Huixun Jia, Saiquan Lu, Zhen Zhang, Kuaile Zhao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

This trial aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the paclitaxel plus fluorouracil regimen versus the cisplatin plus fluorouracil regimen in definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Patients with locally advanced ESCC were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the paclitaxel plus fluorouracil group or the cisplatin plus fluorouracil group. The patients in the paclitaxel plus fluorouracil group were treated with paclitaxel and fluorouracil one cycle per week in dCRT for five cycles followed by paclitaxel and fluorouracil one cycle per month in consolidation chemotherapy for two cycles. The patients in the cisplatin/5-fluorouracil group were treated with cisplatin and fluorouracil one cycle per month in dCRT for two cycles followed by two cycles in consolidation chemotherapy. The radiotherapy dose was 61.2 Gy delivered in 34 fractions. The primary end point was 3-year overall survival (OS).Four hundred thirty-six patients with ESCC in six centers were recruited at a 1:1 ratio between April 2012 and July 2015. The median follow-up of the surviving patients was 48.7 months (interquartile range, 42.6-60.9). The 3-year OS was 55.4% in the paclitaxel plus fluorouracil group and 51.8% in the cisplatin plus fluorouracil group (hazard ratio, 0.905 [95% CI, 0.698 to 1.172]; P = .448). The 3-year progression-free survival was also not significantly different between the paclitaxel plus fluorouracil group and the cisplatin plus fluorouracil group (43.7% v 45.5%, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.973 [95% CI, 0.762 to 1.243]; P = .828). Compared with the cisplatin plus fluorouracil group, the paclitaxel plus fluorouracil group had significantly lower incidences of acute grade 3 or higher anemia, thrombocytopenia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue (P < .05), but higher incidences of acute grade 3 or higher leukopenia, radiation dermatitis, and radiation pneumonitis (P < .05).The paclitaxel plus fluorouracil regimen did not significantly prolong the OS compared with the standard cisplatin plus fluorouracil regimen in dCRT in patients with locally advanced ESCC.
Economic development and the nutritional status of Chinese school-aged children and adolescents from 1995 to 2014: an analysis of five successive national surveys
Authors: Yanhui Dong, Catherine Jan, Yinghua Ma, Bin Dong, Zhiyong Zou, Yide Yang, Rongbin Xu, Yi Song, Jun Ma, Susan M Sawyer, George C Patton
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2019)