tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio and score are clinically feasible biomarkers in gastric cancer patients.
Authors: Yoshinaga Okugawa, Yuji Toiyama, Akira Yamamoto, Tsunehiko Shigemori, Kurando Kusunoki, Yukina Kusunoki, Chengzeng Yin, Akihiro Suzuki, Hiroyuki Fujikawa, Hiromi Yasuda, Junichiro Hiro, Shigeyuki Yoshiyama, Masaki Ohi, Toshimitsu Araki, Donald C McMillan, Masato Kusunoki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

48 Background: Systemic inflammation arising from complex host-tumor interactions is considered the seventh hallmark of cancer. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the clinical feasibility of our newly developed ‘lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein (CRP) ratio’ (LCR) and ‘lymphocyte CRP score’ (LCS) for predicting short- and long-term outcomes in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: In total, 551 patients who underwent gastrectomy for primary gastric cancer at our institution were enrolled in this study. Preoperative LCR was calculated as follows: lymphocyte count (number/µL)/CRP level (mg/dL), and scoring system (LCS) was devised based on the cut-off value of both lymphocytes (1 × 10 9 /L) and CRP (0.3 mg/dL) from previous evidences. Results: Reduced pre-operative LCRs significantly correlated with all of the well-established clinicopathological factors for disease development, including advanced T stage, venous invasion, lymphatic vessel invasion, lymph node metastasis hepatic metastasis, peritoneal metastasis, distant metastasis, and advanced tumor-node-metastasis stage. In the short-term outcome, low pre-operative LCR was an independent predictive factor for post-operative surgical site infection (SSI: OR:1.82, 95.0% CI:1.06–3.12, P = 0.03). In the long-term outcome, low pre-operative LCR was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (DFS: HR:1.53, 95.0% CI:1.01–2.32, P = 0.04) and overall survival (OS: HR:2.03, 95.0% CI:1.42–2.90, P &lt; 0.001), and prognostic impact of pre-operative LCR were verified in patients with metastatic and non-metastatic gastric cancer using the same cut-off value. Furthermore, our developed scoring system using lymphocyte and CRP could also demonstrated all of clinical significance using same difinite cut-off value in GC patients (SSI: OR: 4.43, 95.0% CI:1.75–11.2, P = 0.002; DFS: HR: 3.82, 95.0% CI:1.81–8.06, P &lt; 0.001; OS: HR:2.88, 95.0% CI:1.48–5.61, P = 0.002). Conclusions: Assessment of lymphocytes and CRP could aid physicians in determining surgical risk, and oncological risk, thus faciliating appropriate peri-operative and post-operative management of patients with gastric cancer.
Abstract 13402: Selection of Stent Types Among AMI patients With Atrial Fibrillation: National Patterns From NCDR ACTION Registry - GWTG 2008-2014
Authors: Amit N Vora, Tracy Y Wang, Shuang Li, Karen Chiswell, Connie N Hess, Sunil V Rao, Eric D Peterson
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Patients receiving an oral anticoagulant on top of dual antiplatelet therapy are known to be at high risk for bleeding events; thus the selection of drug-eluting stents (DES) versus bare metal stents (BMS) can have important implications for acute MI patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: From the NCDR ACTION Registry - GWTG, we identified 14,427 AF patients presenting with acute MI undergoing PCI from 2008-2014. Temporal trends and hospital variation in DES use were examined as were patterns of use by stroke risk (CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc) and bleeding risk (ATRIA). Results: Overall, DES was used in 58.9% of MI patients with AF. This rate increased from 47.1% in 2008 to 67.9% in 2014 (p&lt;0.001). Use of DES vs BMS varied widely among hospitals (median 60% DES implantation, interquartile range 50% - 74%) (Figure). Relative to BMS patients, those receiving DES were younger (median age 72 years vs. 75 years) but had more comorbidities such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, prior MI, and prior revascularization (all p&lt;0.001). DES placement was more common than BMS placement among patients at high stroke risk (CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc ≥ 2) and high bleeding risk (ATRIA ≥ 4) (59% and 56%, respectively, p&lt;0.01 for both) Although aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor were prescribed in &gt;95% of all patients, warfarin was prescribed at discharge less frequently among patients receiving DES than BMS (31% vs. 39%, p&lt;0.001) Conclusions: Use of DES among MI patients with AF has increased over time, yet substantial hospital-level variation is observed. Patients with AF meeting indication for anticoagulation are still more likely to receive DES than BMS, even among those at both high predicted stroke risk and bleeding risk. Those with AF receiving DES were however less likely to receive warfarin therapy.
Evaluation of Sex Distribution of Industry Payments Among Radiation Oncologists
Authors: Julius K. Weng, Luca F. Valle, Gina E. Nam, Fang-I Chu, Michael L. Steinberg, Ann C. Raldow
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

<h3>Importance</h3> Industry relationships are an important measure of professional advancement; however, the association between physician sex and industry payments in radiation oncology has not been described. <h3>Objective</h3> To update the trends in the sex distribution of industry payments in radiation oncology. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between July 1, 2018, and August 31, 2018. It used the publicly available Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services (CMS) Open Payments program and CMS Physician and Other Supplier Public Use File databases to obtain 2016 industry payment data for US radiation oncologists who reported receiving industry funding in that year (n = 3052). Total monetary value, number of payments, and median payment amounts were determined for each sex in the following categories: research, consulting, honoraria, industry grants, royalty or license, and services other than consulting. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Industry payment amounts among 3052 radiation oncologists who reported receiving payments in 2016; association of median payment with the types of payment by sex. <h3>Results</h3> Of the total 4483 radiation oncologists who practiced in 2016, 1164 (25.9%) were female and 3319 (74.0%) were male. Industry payments were distributed among 3052 radiation oncologists (68.1%), of whom 715 (23.4%) were female and 2337 (76.6%) were male. The proportion of female radiation oncologists who received at least 1 industry payment was 61.4% (715 of 1164), whereas the proportion of their male counterparts was 70.4% (2337 of 3319). Across all payment types, female radiation oncologists received a smaller percentage of total industry funding than the percentage of female physicians represented in each category. The median payment value was smaller for female radiation oncologists in consulting (–$1000; 95% CI, −$1966.67 to $100.63;<i>P</i> = .005) and honoraria (–$500; 95% CI, −$1071.43 to $0;<i>P</i> = .007). This trend was also observed in research payments, but was not statistically significant (–$135.02; 95% CI, −$476.93 to $6.88;<i>P</i> = .08). Of the $1 347 509 royalty or license payments made to 72 physicians, none was for female radiation oncologists. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Distribution of industry payments appears to show sex disparity in industry relationships among radiation oncologists; this observation warrants further investigation to determine the underlying reasons and provide avenues for increased parity.
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Desaturation Is a Mechanism for Glycolytic NAD+ Recycling
Authors: Wondong Kim, Amy Deik, Clicerio Gonzalez, Maria Elena Gonzalez, Feifei Fu, Michele Ferrari, Claire L. Churchhouse, Jose C. Florez, Suzanne B.R. Jacobs, Clary B. Clish, Eugene P. Rhee
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2019)
Supra-optimality may emanate from suboptimality, and hence optimality is no benchmark in multisensory integration
Authors: Jean-Paul Noel
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2018)

Abstract Within a multisensory context, “optimality” has been used as a benchmark evidencing interdependent sensory channels. However, “optimality” does not truly bifurcate a spectrum from suboptimal to supra-optimal – where optimal and supra-optimal, but not suboptimal, indicate integration – as supra-optimality may result from the suboptimal integration of a present unisensory stimuli and an absent one (audio = audio + absence of vision).
Association of Antibiotic Treatment With Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized for an Asthma Exacerbation Treated With Systemic Corticosteroids
Authors: Mihaela S. Stefan, Meng-Shiou Shieh, Kerry A. Spitzer, Penelope S. Pekow, Jerry A. Krishnan, David H. Au, Peter K. Lindenauer
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2019)

Although professional society guidelines discourage use of empirical antibiotics in the treatment of asthma exacerbation, high antibiotic prescribing rates have been recorded in the United States and elsewhere.To determine the association of antibiotic treatment with outcomes among patients hospitalized for asthma and treated with corticosteroids.Retrospective cohort study of data of 19 811 adults hospitalized for asthma exacerbation and treated with systemic corticosteroids in 542 US acute care hospitals from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2016.Early antibiotic treatment, defined as an treatment with an antibiotic initiated during the first 2 days of hospitalization and prescribed for a minimum of 2 days.The primary outcome measure was hospital length of stay. Other measures were treatment failure (initiation of mechanical ventilation, transfer to the intensive care unit after hospital day 2, in-hospital mortality, or readmission for asthma) within 30 days of discharge, hospital costs, and antibiotic-related diarrhea. Multivariable adjustment, propensity score matching, propensity weighting, and instrumental variable analysis were used to assess the association of antibiotic treatment with outcomes.Of the 19 811 patients, the median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 46 (34-59) years, 14 389 (72.6%) were women, 8771 (44.3%) were white, and Medicare was the primary form of health insurance for 5120 (25.8%). Antibiotics were prescribed for 8788 patients (44.4%). Compared with patients not treated with antibiotics, treated patients were older (median [IQR] age, 48 [36-61] vs 45 [32-57] years), more likely to be white (48.6% vs 40.9%) and smokers (6.6% vs 5.3%), and had a higher number of comorbidities (eg, congestive heart failure, 6.2% vs 5.8%). Those treated with antibiotics had a significantly longer hospital stay (median [IQR], 4 [3-5] vs 3 [2-4] days) and a similar rate of treatment failure (5.4% vs 5.8%). In propensity score-matched analysis, receipt of antibiotics was associated with a 29% longer hospital stay (length of stay ratio, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.27-1.31) and higher cost of hospitalization (median [IQR] cost, $4776 [$3219-$7373] vs $3641 [$2346-$5942]) but with no difference in the risk of treatment failure (propensity score-matched OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.82-1.11). Multivariable adjustment, propensity score weighting, and instrumental variable analysis as well as several sensitivity analyses yielded similar results.Antibiotic therapy may be associated with a longer hospital length of stay, higher hospital cost, and similar risk of treatment failure. These results highlight the need to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing among patients hospitalized for asthma.
Abstract 24056: Longitudinal Evaluation of the Associations between Severe Hypertriglyceridemia and Cardiovascular Features
Authors: Samuel D Gidanian, Uddhav Chaudhari, Jennifer D Newcomb, Rahul D Mhaskar, Barbara C Hansen
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: For at least 35 years the associations between insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension have been described. Nevertheless, the existence of an independent association between hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remains controversial. This may be due to the insufficiency of longitudinal study data that include severe elevations of TG. The purpose of this study was to characterize the associations between systolic blood pressure and various cardiovascular features under different degrees of naturally-occurring HTG severity and to determine the independent effect of severe HTG. Methods: We characterized TG in a large cohort of longitudinally studied nonhuman primates (n=227; 164 males) maintained for their lifetimes under constant environmental and dietary conditions. The TG ranged from normal TG levels &lt;100 mg/dl, to mild HTG 100-200 mg/dl, high HTG 200-500 mg/dl, very high 500-1000 mg/dl and severe &gt;1000 mg/dl. The Kruskal Wallis H test was applied, as the data samples were not normally distributed. Results: Severe hypertriglyceridemia was statistically significantly related to systolic blood pressure and was significantly higher (p&lt;0.0001) at the severe HTG levels of 500-1000 mg/dl and ≥1000 mg compared to all other TG levels. Diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure were not significantly different among the normal to severe HTG groups. HDL cholesterol was significantly lower (p&lt;0.0001) at all levels of HTG (TG 100-200, 200-500, 500-1000 and ≥1000mg/dl) compared to normal TG &lt;100 mg/dl, and was not related to the severity of the HTG, a finding similar to the relationship with body weight. By contrast, LDL cholesterol was significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) in monkeys with severe HTG &gt;500-1000 mg/dl, as was systolic blood pressure. Conclusions: In conclusion, much of the association between triglyceride levels and cardiovascular features, including blood pressure, may be principally determined by the severely elevated triglyceride levels, possibly highlighting the importance of longitudinal within subject evaluation of such associations for break points in the interactions of these features.
Prognostic significance of circulating tumor cells in patients with gastric cancer: Epithelial mesenchymal transition and perioperative kinetics.
Authors: Yui Ishiguro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

59 Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been shown to be heterogeneous. This study aimed to identify the prognostic significance of CTCs in patients with gastric cancer, focusing on epithelial mesenchymal transition and perioperative kinetics. Methods: Peripheral blood (7.5 ml) was taken from patients (n = 54) before curative resection, and at 7 days, 1 and 6 months postoperatively. CTCs were enriched using density gradient centrifugation and magnetic-activated cell sorting (negative selection). Cell suspensions were characterized by multi-immunofluorescence staining against cytokeratin (CK) and N-cadherin, and by DAPI staining. CTCs were defined as nucleated cells expressing CK or N-cadherin. Threshold analysis identified 1 CTC/7.5 ml as an optimal cut-off value. The median observation period was 735 days. Results: CTCs were detected in seven patients (24%) with early cancer and 14 patients (56%) with advanced cancer (p &lt; 0.05). Cells were identified as either N-cadherin+/CK−/CD45− or N-cadherin+/CK+/CD45−, but no N-cadherin−/CK+/CD45− cells were observed. The median follow-up period was 24.5 months. After 2 years, postoperative recurrence was detected in nine patients, all of whom had advanced gastric cancer and N-cadherin+/CK−/CD45− CTCs preoperatively. In terms of perioperative kinetics (just before, 7 days and 1 month after surgery), we divided patients with advanced cancer into three risk groups: A, preoperative CTCs ≥1 and increased postoperatively; B, preoperative CTCs ≥1 and decreased postoperatively; C; no preoperative CTCs. The recurrence rates in the above groups were 80% (4/5), 44% (4/9), and 0% (0/11), respectively. Conclusions: Numerous CTCs expressed N-cadherin but not CK. Perioperative measurement of CTCs may be a useful surrogate marker for recurrence risk.
Sustainability of Hematological and Clinical Benefits to HU Administration in the Prevention of Sickle-Cell Vaso-Occlusive Crises in Routine Practice
Authors: Ersi Voskaridou, Lena Oevermann, Corinne Armari-Alla, Uwe Kordes, Frédéric Galactéros, Malika Benkerrou, Isabelle Thuret, Dominique Steschenko
Journal: Blood (2018)
Baseline Scores On Food Allergy Quality Of Life Questionnaire (FAQLQ) And State/Trait Anxiety Inventory In Mothers Of Cow’s Milk Allergic Infants Recruited To A Randomised Controlled Trial Of Single Low Dose Challenges With Cow’s Milk.
Authors: Lisa Forristal, Yvonne M. d'Art, Jonathan O'B. Hourihane, Aideen M. Byrne, John Fitzsimons, Audrey DunnGalvin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)
Occurrence of Diabetic Nephropathy After Renal Transplantation Despite Intensive Glycemic Control: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Maarten Coemans, Elisabet Van Loon, Evelyne Lerut, Pieter Gillard, Ben Sprangers, Aleksandar Senev, Marie-Paule Emonds, Jan Van Keer, Jasper Callemeyn, Liesbeth Daniëls, Jeroen Sichien, Geert Verbeke, Dirk Kuypers, Chantal Mathieu, Maarten Naesens
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

OBJECTIVE The kinetics and risk factors of diabetic nephropathy after kidney transplantation remain unclear. This study investigated the posttransplant occurrence of diabetic nephropathy and the contribution of posttransplant glycemic control. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a single-center prospective cohort study of 953 renal allograft recipients and 3,458 protocol-specified renal allograft biopsy specimens up to 5 years after transplantation. The effects of pretransplant diabetes and glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin levels) on the posttransplant histology were studied. RESULTS Before transplantation, diabetes was present in 164 (17.2%) renal allograft recipients, primarily type 2 (n = 146 [89.0%]). Despite intensive glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin 7.00 ± 1.34% [53 ± 14.6 mmol/mol], 6.90 ± 1.22% [52 ± 13.3 mmol/mol], and 7.10 ± 1.13% [54 ± 12.4 mmol/mol], at 1, 2, and 5 years after transplantation), mesangial matrix expansion reached a cumulative incidence of 47.7% by 5 years in the pretransplant diabetes group versus 27.1% in patients without diabetes, corresponding to a hazard ratio of 1.55 (95% CI 1.07–2.26; P = 0.005). Mesangial matrix expansion was not specific for diabetic nephropathy and associated independently with increasing age. Pretransplant diabetes was associated with posttransplant proteinuria but not with estimated glomerular filtration rate, graft failure, or any other structural changes of the glomerular, vascular, or tubulointerstitial renal compartments. The occurrence of diabetic nephropathy was independent of posttransplant glycated hemoglobin levels. CONCLUSIONS Mesangial matrix expansion, an early indicator of diabetic nephropathy, can occur rapidly in patients with diabetes before transplantation, despite intensive glycemic control. Prevention of diabetic nephropathy requires more than pursuing low levels of glycated hemoglobin.
Allergic contact dermatitis to (meth)acrylates involving nail technicians and users: Prognosis and differential diagnosis
Authors: Gabriel Marrero‐Alemán, Javier Sabater‐Abad, Francisco Javier Miquel, Julián Boix‐Vilanova, Francisca Mestre Bauzá, Leopoldo Borrego
Journal: Allergy (2019)

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Case 3-2019: A 70-Year-Old Woman with Fever, Headache, and Progressive Encephalopathy
Authors: Kimon C. Zachary, Regina C. LaRocque, R. Gilberto Gonzalez, John A. Branda
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

A 70-year-old woman with a history of migraines was admitted to the hospital in autumn because of fever, headache, and encephalopathy. MRI of the head revealed findings suggestive of meningoencephalitis that were most prominent in the cerebellar hemispheres. A diagnostic test was performed.
Segregation and belief polarization as boundary conditions for when fusion leads to self-sacrifice
Authors: Zachary J. Melton, Matt Motyl
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2018)

Abstract Physical enclavement, away from out-group members, may determine when identify fusion leads to self-sacrifice. When people surround themselves with ideologically similar others, their attitudes may polarize and become moralized, leading to more violence and hostility toward people who do not share those attitudes. We discuss how this segregation may increase the amount of political violence in typically nonviolent systems.
Social Parameters Are Independent Predictors for Survival in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Sergei M. Kulikov, Anna G Turkina, Anton Kulikovsky, Olga Lazareva, Sergey Kutsev, Elza Lomaia, Andrey Zaritskey, Anatoly Golenkov, Tatiana Pospelova, Satokhin Yuri, Tatiana Konstantinova, Elena N. Parovichnikova, Valeriy G. Savchenko
Journal: Blood (2018)
Importance of Variable Selection in Multimodal Prediction Models in Patients at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis and Recent-Onset Depression
Authors: Barnaby Nelson, Alison R. Yung, Patrick D. McGorry
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2019)

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Abstract 207: Relationship between patients with Kawasaki disease and the role of Parents Association Kawasaki Disease (Parents Association)
Authors: Shigeru Okamoto
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Katayama et al. indicated that the Parents Association for children with Kawasaki disease plays a significant role through four phases of “the psychological development process over 10 years in mothers with children with Kawasaki disease.” In the first phase, parents are bewildered, persistently worrying about their child’s poor physical condition with no clear cause. In the second phase, parents are confused by the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease and feel panicked not knowing what to do. In the third phase, they reexamine their attitudes as parents and alter their consciousness through an encounter with the Parents Association. In the fourth phase, parents begin to act proactively with the growth and development of children, facing the reality and future as the parents of children with Kawaski disease. However, no detailed analysis has been reported regarding the significance of the Parents Association itself. Therefore, we analyzed the entire content of Parents Association newsletters from No. 1 through No. 192. Here we report the reevaluated significance of the Parents Association.
WHO proposes rescheduling cannabis to allow medical applications
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2019)

The World Health Organization has proposed rescheduling cannabis within international law to take account of the growing evidence for medical applications of the drug, reversing its position held for the past 60 years that cannabis should not be used in legitimate medical practice.

The WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence met late last year to critically review available evidence on cannabis and related substances and to agree the most appropriate level of international control.1

The current scheduling …