tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive localization of cardiac arrhythmias using electromechanical wave imaging
Authors: Christopher S. Grubb, Lea Melki, Daniel Y. Wang, James Peacock, Jose Dizon, Vivek Iyer, Carmine Sorbera, Angelo Biviano, David A. Rubin, John P. Morrow, Deepak Saluja, Andrew Tieu, Pierre Nauleau, Rachel Weber, Salma Chaudhary, Irfan Khurram, Marc Waase, Hasan Garan, Elisa E. Konofagou, Elaine Y. Wan
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2020)

Cardiac arrhythmias are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is the current noninvasive clinical tool used to diagnose and localize cardiac arrhythmias. However, it has limited accuracy and is subject to operator bias. Here, we present electromechanical wave imaging (EWI), a high-frame rate ultrasound technique that can noninvasively map with high accuracy the electromechanical activation of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias in adult patients. This study evaluates the accuracy of EWI for localization of various arrhythmias in all four chambers of the heart before catheter ablation. Fifty-five patients with an accessory pathway (AP) with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, premature ventricular complexes (PVCs), atrial tachycardia (AT), or atrial flutter (AFL) underwent transthoracic EWI and 12-lead ECG. Three-dimensional (3D) rendered EWI isochrones and 12-lead ECG predictions by six electrophysiologists were applied to a standardized segmented cardiac model and subsequently compared to the region of successful ablation on 3D electroanatomical maps generated by invasive catheter mapping. There was significant interobserver variability among 12-lead ECG reads by expert electrophysiologists. EWI correctly predicted 96% of arrhythmia locations as compared with 71% for 12-lead ECG analyses [unadjusted for arrhythmia type: odds ratio (OR), 11.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.2 to 63.2; P = 0.004; adjusted for arrhythmia type: OR, 12.1; 95% CI, 2.3 to 63.2; P = 0.003]. This double-blinded clinical study demonstrates that EWI can localize atrial and ventricular arrhythmias including WPW, PVC, AT, and AFL. EWI when used with ECG may allow for improved treatment for patients with arrhythmias.
Stage I-II nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: a multi-institutional study of adult patients by ILROG
Authors: Michael S. Binkley, M. Shahzad Rauf, Sarah A. Milgrom, Chelsea C. Pinnix, Richard Tsang, Michael Dickinson, Andrea K. Ng, Kenneth B. Roberts, Sarah Gao, Alex Balogh, Umberto Ricardi, Mario Levis, Carla Casulo, Michael Stolten, Lena Specht, John P. Plastaras, Christopher Wright, Christopher R. Kelsey, Jessica L. Brady, N. George Mikhaeel, Bradford S. Hoppe, Stephanie A. Terezakis, Marco Picardi, Roberta Della Pepa, Youlia Kirova, Saad Akhtar, Irfan Maghfoor, Julie L. Koenig, Christopher Jackson, Erin Song, Shuchi Sehgal, Ranjana H. Advani, Yasodha Natkunam, Louis S. Constine, Hans T. Eich, Andrew Wirth, Richard T. Hoppe
Journal: Blood (2020)
Assessing Viral Shedding and Infectivity of Tears in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients
Authors: Ivan Yu Jun Seah, Danielle E. Anderson, Adrian Eng Zheng Kang, Linfa Wang, Pooja Rao, Barnaby Edward Young, David Chien Lye, Rupesh Agrawal
Journal: Ophthalmology (2020)
Abstract P1-10-29: Radiomics improved pre-therapeutic prediction of breast cancers insensitive to neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Xuezhi Zhou, Zhenyu Liu, Yang Du, Qianqian Xiong, Kun Wang, Jie Tian
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Background: Approximately 10–35% of breast cancers were found to be insensitive to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), and approximately 5% of patients had larger tumors after NAC; in these patients, NAC failed to exhibit a therapeutic effect and instead delayed surgical treatment. Thus, it is critical to identify predictive biomarkers to enhance patient selection for NAC. Here we report a radiomic model for pre-therapeutic prediction of breast cancers insensitive to NAC. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 125 breast cancer patients (63 in the primary cohort and 62 in the validation cohort) who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (imaging sequence: diffusion-weighted, T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted) before receiving NAC. All patients received surgical resection, and Miller-Payne grading system were applied to assess the response to NAC. Grade 1-2 cases were classified as insensitive to NAC. We extracted 1941 radiomic features in the primary cohort. After feature selection, the optimal feature set was used to construct a radiomic signature using machine learning. We built a combined prediction model incorporating the radiomic signature and independent clinical risk factors using multivariable logistic regression. The performance of the combined model was assessed in the validation cohort. Results: The radiomic signature consisting 4 features showed good performance for identifying Grade 1-2 group, yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83 (95% confidence interval: 0.647–1) in the validation cohort. A clinical model based on human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status and Ki67 index yielded an AUC of 0.792 (95% confidence interval: 0.668–0.916) in the validation cohort. Incorporating radiomic signature, HER2 status and Ki67 index, the combined prediction model reached a better discrimination power than the radiomic signature and clinical model, with an AUC of 0.935 (95% confidence interval, 0.848–1) in the validation cohort. Conclusion: The combined model based on radiomics and clinical variables has a great potential in predicting drug insensitive breast cancers. Citation Format: Xuezhi Zhou, Zhenyu Liu, Yang Du, Qianqian Xiong, Kun Wang, Jie Tian. Radiomics improved pre-therapeutic prediction of breast cancers insensitive to neoadjuvant chemotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-10-29.
Shift From Adalimumab Originator to Biosimilars in Denmark
Authors: Thomas Bo Jensen, Seoyoung C. Kim, Espen Jimenez-Solem, Dorthe Bartels, Hanne Rolighed Christensen, Jon Trærup Andersen
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

Decreasing Health Care Spending Through Market Competition—a Case for the Rapid Adoption of Adalimumab Biosimilars
Fatal e-cigarette or vaping associated lung injury (EVALI): a first case report in Europe
Authors: Camille Marlière, Julien De Greef, Sophie Gohy, Delphine Hoton, Pierre Wallemacq, Luc-Marie Jacquet, Leïla Belkhir
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>Numerous cases of e-cigarette or vaping associated lung injury (EVALI) have been described, mainly in the US and Canada. However, public health and medical communities need to be aware that this deadly disease may occur outside North America.</b>https://bit.ly/2UzZJpI
COVID‐19 in a designated infectious diseases hospital outside Hubei Province, China
Authors: Qingxian Cai, Deliang Huang, Pengcheng Ou, Hong Yu, Zhibin Zhu, Zhang Xia, Yinan Su, Zhenghua Ma, Yiming Zhang, Zhiwei Li, Qing He, Lei Liu, Yang Fu, Jun Chen
Journal: Allergy (2020)

Abstract Background The clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐2019) patients outside the epicenter of Hubei Province are less understood. Methods We analyzed the epidemiological and clinical features of all COVID‐2019 cases in the only referral hospital in Shenzhen City, China, from January 11, 2020, to February 6, 2020, and followed until March 6, 2020. Results Among the 298 confirmed cases, 233 (81.5%) had been to Hubei, while 42 (14%) did not have a clear travel history. Only 218 (73.15%) cases had a fever as the initial symptom. Compared with the nonsevere cases, severe cases were associated with older age, those with underlying diseases, and higher levels of C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Slower clearance of the virus was associated with a higher risk of progression to critical condition. As of March 6, 2020, 268 (89.9%) patients were discharged and the overall case fatality ratio was 1.0%. Conclusions In a designated hospital outside Hubei Province, COVID‐2019 patients could be effectively managed by properly using the existing hospital system. Mortality may be lowered when cases are relatively mild, and there are sufficient medical resources to care and treat the disease.
Community Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Patients With Influenzalike Illnesses Presenting to a Los Angeles Medical Center in March 2020
Authors: Brad Spellberg, Meredith Haddix, Rebecca Lee, Susan Butler-Wu, Paul Holtom, Hal Yee, Prabhu Gounder
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Yan Bai, MD; Lingsheng Yao, MD; Tao Wei, MD; Fei Tian, MD; Dong-Yan Jin, PhD; Lijuan Chen, PhD; Meiyun Wang, MD, PhD
Abstract 205: Resuscitation Using eCPR to Predict Survival After In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (Rescue-IHCA Score) Survival Prediction Model--An Analysis of the American Heart Association Get With the Guidelines--Resuscitation Registry
Authors: Joseph E Tonna, Lance B Becker, Saket Girotra, Craig Selzman, Ravi R Thiagarajan, Angela P Presson, Chong Zhang, Heather T Keenan
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: To guide extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR) use, a generalizable survival prediction model is needed. Methods: We identified patients≥18 years with IHCA who received eCPR (January 2000-December 2017) in the AHA Get With The Guidelines—Resuscitation registry to build a survival model. We categorized admission CPC into ‘good’ (CPC 1) vs other. We singly imputed variables with ≥15% missing (admission CPC [20%], duration of event [15%]). Variables associated with death (p-value ≤0.1) were retained and initial rhythm was forced into the model. We used firth penalized logistic regression to estimate model parameters. To test the imputation effect, we performed a sensitivity analysis excluding CPC. We performed a Kaplan Meier survival analysis stratified by resuscitation duration (0 to ≤15, 15 to ≤30, 30 to ≤60, ≥60 min). Results: Of 1,082 patients who underwent eCPR, 963 were included in the model ( Table 1 ). Area Under the Receiving Operating Characteristic (AUROC) = 0.81 (95% CI [0.78 to 0.83]). Associations with death included: nighttime eCPR use; non-white race; patients with prior renal insufficiency, preceding hypoperfusion, and congestive heart failure. Initial rhythm was not associated with death. Every 10 minutes of resuscitation was associated with 12% increased odds of death. Shorter resuscitation duration was strongly associated with hospital survival ( Figure 1 ). The AUROC was unchanged (0.81 [95% CI 0.78 - 0.84]) after sensitivity analysis excluding CPC. Conclusions: In this preliminary registry analysis, survival after eCPR for IHCA was estimated by patient and arrest characteristics. Our findings require validation.
Understanding coronavirus disease (COVID-19) risk perceptions among the public to enhance risk communication efforts: a practical approach for outbreaks, Finland, February 2020
Authors: Anna-Leena Lohiniva, Jussi Sane, Katja Sibenberg, Taneli Puumalainen, Mika Salminen
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

Understanding risk perceptions of the public is critical for risk communication. In February 2020, the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare started collecting weekly qualitative data on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) risk perception that informs risk communication efforts. The process is based on thematic analysis of emails and social media messages from the public and identifies factors linked to appraisal of risk magnitude, which are developed into risk communication recommendations together with health and communication experts.
Evaluation of a Paradigm Shift From Intravenous Antibiotics to Oral Step-Down Therapy for the Treatment of Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Brad Spellberg, Henry F. Chambers, Daniel M. Musher, Thomas L. Walsh, Arnold S. Bayer
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> The requirement of prolonged intravenous antibiotic courses to treat infective endocarditis (IE) is a time-honored dogma of medicine. However, numerous antibiotics are now available that achieve adequate levels in the blood after oral administration to kill bacteria. Moreover, prolonged intravenous antibiotic regimens are associated with high rates of adverse events. Accordingly, recent studies of oral step-down antibiotic treatment have stimulated a reevaluation of the need for intravenous-only therapy for IE. <h3>Observations</h3> PubMed was reviewed in October 2019, with an update in February 2020, to determine whether evidence supports the notion that oral step-down antibiotic therapy for IE is associated with inferior outcomes compared with intravenous-only therapy. The search identified 21 observational studies evaluating the effectiveness of oral antibiotics for treating IE, typically after an initial course of intravenous therapy; none found such oral step-down therapy to be inferior to intravenous-only therapy. Multiple studies described an improved clinical cure rate and an improved mortality rate among patients treated with oral step-down vs intravenous-only antibiotic therapy. Three randomized clinical trials also demonstrated that oral step-down antibiotic therapy is at least as effective as intravenous-only therapy in right-sided, left-sided, or prosthetic valve IE. In the largest trial, at 3.5 years of follow-up, patients randomized to receive oral step-down antibiotic therapy had a significantly improved cure rate and mortality rate compared with those who received intravenous-only therapy. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This review found ample data demonstrating the therapeutic effectiveness of oral step-down vs intravenous-only antibiotic therapy for IE, and no contrary data were identified. The use of highly orally bioavailable antibiotics as step-down therapy for IE, after clearing bacteremia and achieving clinical stability with intravenous regimens, should be incorporated into clinical practice.
Tung Tree (<i>Vernicia Fordii</i>) Genome Provides A Resource for Understanding Genome Evolution and Improved Oil Production
Authors: Lin Zhang, Meilan Liu, Hongxu Long, Wei Dong, Asher Pasha, Eddi Esteban, Wenying Li, Xiaoming Yang, Ze Li, Aixia Song, Duo Ran, Guang Zhao, Yanling Zeng, Hao Chen, Ming Zou, Jingjing Li, Fan Liang, Meili Xie, Jiang Hu, Depeng Wang, Heping Cao, Nicholas J Provart, Liangsheng Zhang, Xiaofeng Tan
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2019)

Abstract Tung tree (Vernicia fordii) is an economically important woody oil plant that produces tung oil rich in eleostearic acid. Here, we report a high-quality chromosome-scale genome sequence of tung tree. The genome sequence was assembled by combining Illumina short reads, Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time long reads, and Hi-C sequencing data. The size of tung tree genome is 1.12 Gb, with 28,422 predicted genes and over 73% repeat sequences. The V. fordii underwent an ancient genome triplication event shared by core eudicots but no further whole-genome duplication in the subsequent ca. 34.55 million years of evolutionary history of the tung tree lineage. Insertion time analysis revealed that repeat-driven genome expansion might have arisen as a result of long-standing long terminal repeat retrotransposon bursts and lack of efficient DNA deletion mechanisms. The genome harbors 88 resistance genes encoding nucleotide-binding sites; 17 of these genes may be involved in early-infection stage of Fusarium wilt resistance. Further, 651 oil-related genes were identified, 88 of which are predicted to be directly involved in tung oil biosynthesis. Relatively few phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase genes, and synergistic effects between transcription factors and oil biosynthesis-related genes might contribute to the high oil content of tung seed. The tung tree genome constitutes a valuable resource for understanding genome evolution, as well as for molecular breeding and genetic improvements for oil production.
Cutting-edge effective endoscopic technique to remove scarred polyps
Authors: Gaia Pellegatta, Benedetto Mangiavillano, Roberta Maselli, Pradeep Bhandari, Milena Di Leo, Matteo Badalamenti, Alessandro Repici
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Scarred polyps, especially those larger than 20 mm, are challenging to resect using conventional endoscopic mucosal and submucosal resection techniques. The EndoRotor (Interscope, Inc.) is a novel automated mechanical endoscopic resection system designed for use in the gastrointestinal tract for tissue dissection and resection [1]. Its use has been demonstrated to be a safe and effective technique in the management of scarred polyps [2].
An approach to excessive daytime sleepiness in adults
Authors: James Brown, Himender K Makker
Journal: BMJ (2020)

### What you need to know

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is best described as an urge to sleep during daytime hours. It is a common problem, occurring at least three days a week in 4-20% of the population,1 and affects quality of life, workplace performance, and has safety implications, for example, when driving. Sleep disorders that cause excessive daytime sleepiness remain underdiagnosed and are easy to miss in clinical practice.2 Insomnia is a common cause of daytime sleepiness, but other disorders are important to consider. This review discusses the different potential causes of excessive daytime sleepiness in adults and proposes an approach to management and referral in non-specialist settings, in particular how to identify disorders that require referral to secondary care.

It is important to distinguish EDS from fatigue. EDS is defined as the inability to maintain wakefulness and alertness during the major waking episodes of the day, with sleep occurring unintentionally or at inappropriate times almost daily for at least three months.3 It is used interchangeably with hypersomnia and hypersomnolence, although according to ICD-4, hypersomnolence is excessive sleepiness when wakefulness is expected, and hypersomnia is a disorder characterised by hypersomnolence.

Patients may report sleepiness as a vague symptom of fatigue or feeling “tired all the time.” When assessing a patient, it is useful …
Should All Donors Be Treated by Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion?—Reply
Authors: Jussi M. Tikkanen, Chandima Divithotawela, Marcelo Cypel
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Abstract 15136: Teenage Outcomes After Surgical Palliation for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Authors: Matan I Setton, Lynn A Sleeper, Kevin G Friedman, Minmin Lu, Wayne Tworetzky
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Much is known about the early morbidity and mortality of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) however later outcomes data are limited. We aimed to determine the cumulative burden of...
Vancomycin prevents fermentable fiber-induced liver cancer in mice with dysbiotic gut microbiota
Authors: Vishal Singh, Beng San Yeoh, Ahmed A. Abokor, Rachel M. Golonka, Yuan Tian, Andrew D. Patterson, Bina Joe, Mathias Heikenwalder, Matam Vijay-Kumar
Journal: Gut Microbes (2020)

Owing to their health benefits, dietary fermentable fibers, such as refined inulin, are increasingly fortified in processed foods to enhance their nutritional value. However, we previously demonstrated that when inulin was fed to Toll-like receptor 5 deficient (T5KO) mice susceptible to dysbiosis, a subset of them developed cholestasis and subsequently liver cancer in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. Therefore, we hypothesized that clearance of bacterial taxa, and thereby gut metabolites, involved in the onset and progression to liver cancer could abate the disease in these mice. Such a reshaping of microbiota by vancomycin treatment was sufficient to halt the development of liver cancer in inulin-fed T5KO mice; however, this intervention did not remedy disease penetrance for cholestatic liver injury and its sequelae, including hyperbilirubinemia, hypolipidemia, cholemia and liver fibrosis. Selective depletion of gut bacterial communities was observed in vancomycin-treated mice, including Gram-positive Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae belonging to the phylum Firmicutes, Bifidobacteria of the phylum Actinobacteria, which ferment fibers, and Clostridium cluster XIVa, which produce secondary bile acids. Lack of liver cancer in vancomycin-treated mice strongly correlated with the substantial loss of secondary bile acids in circulation. Although cholemia was unabated by vancomycin, the composition of serum bile acids shifted toward an abundance of hydrophilic primary bile acids, denoted by the increase in conjugated-to-unconjugated bile acid ratio. Taken together, the present study suggests that microbiotal regulation of bile acid metabolism is one of the critical mediators of fermentable fiber-induced liver cancer in dysbiotic mice.
A Solid Knowledge Base on the Seriousness of Childhood-Onset Mental Disorders to Advance Research Into Causal Mechanisms
Authors: Catharina A. Hartman
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Ingenol mebutate 0·015% gel is safe for short‐term treatment of actinic keratoses on the face in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: L.D. Crow, J.T. Yuan, C.S. Aroyan, A.R. Twigg, J.P. Singer, G.R. Roll, A.A. Lazar, S.T. Arron
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)