tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of metastatic recurrence of urothelial carcinoma after previous cisplatin-based chemotherapy: A retrospective comparison of different chemotherapy regimens.
Authors: Olivia A Do, Lorin Ferris, Sarah K Holt, Jorge Ramos, Lauren C Harshman, Elizabeth R. Plimack, Simon J. Crabb, Sumanta K. Pal, Ugo De Giorgi, Sylvain Ladoire, Jack Baniel, Andrea Necchi, Ulka N. Vaishampayan, Ali Reza Golshayan, Aristotelis Bamias, Joaquim Bellmunt, Sandy Srinivas, Tanya B. Dorff, Matt D. Galsky, Evan Y. Yu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e17005 Background: The optimal choice of first-line chemotherapy for urothelial carcinoma (UC) patients who recur after previous cisplatin-based chemotherapy for locally-advanced disease is unclear. Our objective is to compare the efficacy of platinum (PBC) versus non-platinum (NPBC) based first-line chemotherapy regimens for such patients after metastatic recurrence. Methods: Data was collected from the Retrospective International Study of Cancers of the Urothelial Tract (RISC), a database consisting of patients with muscle-invasive or advanced UC from 28 centers between 2005 and 2012. Patient inclusion criteria included: 1) UC with no initial metastases (cT2-4, cN0-N3, and cM0), 3) receipt of cisplatin in the locally advanced setting, and 4) receipt of chemotherapy in the first-line metastatic setting. Overall survival (OS) was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS) and response to chemotherapy. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models estimated OS, PFS, and response, adjusting for age, gender, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG-PS), Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), surgery, T and N stage, albumin, creatinine clearance, number of initial cisplatin cycles, and time from last chemotherapy. Results: 152 patients with metastatic UC (88 PBC and 64 NPBC) were analyzed. Twelve (7.9%) patients received local definitive radiation and 7 of these 12 also underwent cystectomy. The most common NPBC regimens included taxanes, gemcitabine, or pemetrexed. The median OS was 8.70 (95% CI: 7.53 to 11.16) and 10.27 months (95% CI: 7.37 to 13.10) for PBC and NPBC (HR: 1.04, 95% CI: .67 – 1.61, p = 0.86), respectively. Multivariable analysis showed an independent prognostic effect on OS for number of previous chemotherapy cycles (3-4 vs. 1-2) (HR: 0.44, 95% CI 0.20 – 0.96, P = 0.03) and whether surgery was performed (HR: 0.44, 95% CI 0.26 – 0.75, P = 0.003). Time from last chemotherapy was not prognostic for OS (HR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.99 – 1.00, p = 0.19). There were no significant differences for both investigator-designated PFS (HR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.57 – 1.24, p = .39) and response to chemotherapy between PBC and NPBC (p = 0.57). Conclusions: There is no significant outcome difference between PBC vs. NPBC in patients with metastatic-recurrent urothelial carcinoma who previously received cisplatin-based chemotherapy for locally advanced disease. Those who previously underwent radical surgery or who received 3-4 cycles of cisplatin had better OS with PBC.
表现为舌肌痉挛的Meige综合征一例
Authors: 鞠洪艳, 赵建国
Journal: BMJ (2011)

患者女性,84岁,主因阵发性口唇、舌肌痉挛3个月余就诊于外院神经内科,体检未见明显异常,诊断为神经官能症,经治疗未见明显效果,遂转往其他医院,诊断为面肌痉挛,先后给予卡马西平、苯妥英钠等药物治疗,亦无效果.于2009年4月27日来本院就诊.患者着急后诱发阵发性口唇、舌抽动,每次持续8 min,抽动频率在20～30次/min,劳累、精神紧张时加重,休息时减轻,睡眠时消失.抽动时伴肩部不适.既往无周围性面瘫病史.体检示神志清楚,语言欠清晰,反应正常,颅神经正常,舌肌不自主抽动,四肢肌力、肌张力、感觉、运动均正常,四肢腱反射正常,病理征(一)。
肠系膜上静脉血栓形成五例
Authors: 金明德, 关伟键
Journal: BMJ (2005)

肠系膜上静脉血栓形成(MVT)是一类少见的肠系膜血管病变所致急性肠缺血性疾病,其临床表现酷似绞窄性肠梗阻等急腹症,故术前容易误诊.我科今年共收治MVT 5例,现就误诊原因以及诊疗中的经验教训进行分析。
Prevalence of depression, anxiety symptoms and related factors in family members of schizophrenic patients in a Shanghai community
Authors: Zhijie Yu, Yan Hu, Wendong Tian, Yuezhong Tang, Donghao Xu, Shanzhu Zhu, Hua Yang
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Objective
To examine the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms, and the related factors in family members of schizophrenic patients in a Shanghai community.


Methods
From March to May 2017, the family members of 206 schizophrenic patients registered in Xuhui district Kangjian community of Shanghai were enrolled in this cross-sectional survey. The participants were evaluated with Patient Health Questionnaire Self-rating Depression Scale (PHQ-9) and the Anxiety Screening Scale (GAD-7). The factors related to depression and anxiety symptoms were analyzed.


Results
The detection rates of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms in the family members of schizophrenia patients were 40.3%(83/206) and 37.9%(78/206), respectively.Univariate analysis showed that the relationship with the patient, education levels were the influencing factors of depressive symptoms (χ2=17.045, 9.702; P<0.01); while age, relationship with the patient, education levels were factors related to the occurence of anxiety symptoms (χ2=11.862, 22.042, 15.060; P<0.01). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the parents of patient was more prone to depressive symptoms than spouses (OR=2.861, P<0.01); higher education was more prone to be depressive than primary education (OR=10.071, P<0.01). Age group 18-40 years were more prone to anxiety than the age group ≥66 years (OR=0.060, P<0.05); sibling relationship is more prone to anxiety than spouse relationship (OR=10.018, P<0.01), followed by parental relationship (OR=7.467, P<0.01); higher education was more prone to anxiety than primary education (OR=5.119, P<0.05).


Conclusions
There is high prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in family members of schizophrenic patients, which is related to the relationship with the patient, the education level of family members and other factors.


Key words: 
Schizophrenia; Family members; Depression; Anxiety
应用有创与无创序贯性机械通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病所致严重呼吸衰竭
Authors: 陈国恩, 陈衔, 郑细红, 许琼英
Journal: BMJ (2005)

对16例慢性阻塞性肺疾病所致严重呼吸衰竭患者采用插管机械通气治疗,待肺部感染明显控制、出现肺部感染控制窗时拔除气管插管,代之以无创正压通气治疗.选择同样病情的慢性阻塞性肺疾病的呼吸衰竭患者15例作为对照,按常规行有创机械通气治疗,同步间歇强制通气+压力支持通气方式辅助撤机.结果两组患者出现感染控制窗的时间及当时病情相近(P＞0.05).有创机械通气时间、总机械通气时间、总住院时间和呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)。
妊娠期糖尿病诊断标准的更新及意义
Authors: 范建霞, 陶俊
Journal: BMJ (2012)

2011年12月1日中华人民共和国卫生部发布了“妊娠期糖尿病诊断标准”,对妊娠期糖尿病的定义、筛查的范围进行了清晰的定义,诊断界值较既往的标准下调,标准的推出对严格孕期血糖监测、妊娠期糖尿病的规范化管理起到巨大推动作用。
Progress on pathogenesis and treatment of adult-onset Still disease
Authors: Mengzhu Zhao, Min Shen
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Adult-onset Still disease (AOSD) is a polygenic autoinflammatory disease with uncertain etiology. The clinical manifestations are complex, including high-spiking fever, rash, arthritis, arthralgia, lymphadenopathy, and leukocytosis. The pathogenesis of AOSD is still unclear, whereas it has been confirmed that many inflammatory cells and cytokines take part in the development of AOSD. The treatment of AOSD is mainly based on corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents. Recently, with the research progress of autoinflammatory diseases and the emerging biological agents, we have new knowledge on the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of AOSD. This article reviews the current progress in pathogenesis and therapy of AOSD.


Key words: 
Still disease, adult-onset; Autoinflammatory disease; Pathogenesis; Therapy
Does an association exist between liver fibrosis and non-HCC cancers.
Authors: Shristi Upadhyay Banskota, Muhammad Zain Farooq, Rohit Agrawal, Ishaan Vohra, Sheeba Habeeb Ba Aqeel, Prasanth Lingamaneni, Syed Ali Amir Sherazi, Krishna Rekha Moturi, Yuchen Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e16594 Background: The association between liver fibrosis and hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is well established, however there is limitation of data on liver fibrosis and non-HCC cancers. The aim of this study was to explore the link between the degree of liver fibrosis and other cancers. Methods: We searched the electronic medical records of Stroger Hospital who underwent liver elastography from January 1 st , 2014 to December 31 st , 2018 and had cancer. We extracted variables: demographics, cancer histology and metastatic status and then stratified patient into categories based the fibrosis stage. Results: Our analysis identified 103 patients with non-advanced fibrosis (F0-F2) and 74 with advanced fibrosis (F3-F4). HCC was seen in 33.3% of the patients with advanced fibrosis while genitourinary (GU) was the second most common cancer. Adenocarcinoma comprised 21% of these cancers and around 46% were metastatic. Of the 104 patients with non-advanced fibrosis, HCC was seen in 3.77% while gastrointestinal (GI) and GU cancers were seen in 24.27% and 12.62% respectively. Adenocarcinoma was most common (40%) in this group as well (Table). Conclusions: Our study not only reiterates the fact that the degree of liver fibrosis is proportional to the presence of HCC, but it also reports the association of liver fibrosis with several non-HCC cancers. The meaning of these associations is unclear, but it provides an area of further research to explore if causality exists. [Table: see text]
Comparison of levobupivacaine and bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia during transurethral resection of prostate for elderly patients
Authors: Jian Li, Guo-guang Jin, Wei-dong Ye
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Eighty elderly patients undergoing elective resection for the prostate were randomly divided into two groups, the levobupivacaine (observe group) and bupivacaine (control group) were used for spinal anesthesia, respectively. The level of sensory block and maintain time were T7±4 and (224 ±28) min in observed group, those in control group were T6±3 and (227 ±30) min, respectively ( both P＞ 0. 05). The mean arterial blood pressure of control group was (71 ±8) -(72 ±8) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0. 133 kPa) from 5 to 30 min after injection; meanwhile that of observed group was(75 ± 9) mm Hg (P ＜ 0. 05). The incidences of hypotension and nausea were 10% (4/40) and 0% (0/40) respectively in observe group, and those were 30% (12/40) and 15% (6/40) respectively in control group (both P＜0.05). The results indicate that levobupivacaine and bupivacaine have similar anesthetic effects, but levobupivacaine has fewer side effects and is more suitable for elderly patients.

Key words: 
Anesthesia;  Levobupivacaine
Single institution experience looking at efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors after progression on PD-L1 inhibitors or vice-versa in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Authors: Kerri McGovern, Nagashree Seetharamu, Kevin M. Sullivan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e21726 Background: The treatment landscape for metastatic NSCLC has changed dramatically with emergence of checkpoint inhibitors (CPI). Even though all currently approved CPI target engagement of PD-1 with PD-L1 and have similar efficacy in NSCLC, there are some differences in their mechanisms of action. Current guidelines do not recommend switching to another CPI after progression of disease (POD) or toxicity on one CPI. For some patients, however, therapeutic options may be limited due to comorbidities, lack of trial prospects, performance status, or reluctance towards chemotherapy making switch to alternate CPI an attractive strategy. We report outcomes of patients who were treated with second CPI after POD on initial CPI for metastatic NSCLC between 2015 and 2019 at our institution. Methods: Data collection included demographics, clinic-pathologic factors, CPI agents, disease control rate (DCR), progression free survival (PFS), and immune-related adverse events (irAE). DCR was defined as response or stable disease based on RECIST. PFS was measured from date of initiation of CPI to POD or death. Results: Of 169 patients with NSCLC treated with CPI (median age 71 years, range 30-93), 26 received 2 lines of CPI. Two patients received first CPI as part of front line chemoimmunotherapy whereas all others received CPI alone. First CPI was PD-1 inhibitor in 20 patients and PD-L1 inhibitor in 6. DCR for first CPI was 88% and median PFS of 5 months (range: 1 –24). There were no irAE over grade 2 with initial CPI. Six patients were treated with PD-1 inhibitors after PD-L1, 16 with PD-L1 after PD-1, and 4 with an alternate agent in same class. Median PFS for 2nd CPI was 3 months (range: 1 - 36) for all patients and DCR for evaluable patients was 63% (n = 16). One patient experienced steroid-responsive grade 2 pneumonitis. Responses with either line of CPI did not correlate with PD-L1 expression. Conclusions: Our data suggests that switching from one CPI to another may be a reasonable, potentially effective option in select patient population. Prospective studies exploring this strategy is warranted.
急性一氧化碳中毒患者血清心肌酶谱的变化及其临床意义
Authors: 王绪华, 孙玲, 王绪东
Journal: BMJ (2005)

用速率法动态监测182例急性一氧化碳中毒患者的心肌酶谱,以50例健康查体者为对照.血清心肌酶谱水平ACOP患者轻度组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);重度组、中度组与轻度组两两组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01).天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、肌酸激酶、肌酸激酶同工酶于中毒后第2天达峰值,第10天基本复常,乳酸脱氢酶第3天达峰值,第14天复常。
A novel biosignature to assess residual risk in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) patients after standard treatment.
Authors: Troy Bremer, Chirag Shah, Rakesh Patel, Charlotta Wadsten, Christy Kesslering, Steven Shivers, Pat W. Whitworth, Fredrik Warnberg, Frank Vicini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

548 Background: There is an unmet need to identify women diagnosed with DCIS with elevated risk after standard treatment for whom enhanced treatment strategies should be considered. A response type (RSt) signature has been assessed in women treated with breast conserving surgery (BCS) with or without radiotherapy (RT), or with mastectomy. Methods: Women diagnosed with pure DCIS and treated with BCS or, BCS with whole breast RT were consecutively collected in Sweden, 1986-2004 and the USA, 1999-2008. A third cohort treated with mastectomy was collected in Sweden from 1986-2004. Patients with FFPE tissue were included unless they had prior or simultaneous invasive breast cancer (IBC). The RSt and DCISionRT biosignatures were calculated using biomarkers (p16/INK4A, Ki-67, COX-2, PgR, HER2, FOXA1, SIAH2), scored by board certified pathologists. Pathology and clinical data were collected from medical records. Only women at elevated risk by DCISionRT (DS &gt; 3) and negative margins were included in analysis. Total breast event risk included either ipsilateral DCIS or IBC. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards and survival analysis were used to assess cumulative incidence risk differences, hazard ratios, and 10-year risks adjusted for year of diagnosis. Results: Women with a poor RSt were all HER2 positive and remained at particularly elevated risk after BCS and RT (23% 10-yr risk, p &lt; 0.0001, Table), with a risk profile similar to women treated with BCS without RT (RSt not evaluated). The distribution of age and size were not statistically different for good versus poor RSt, but poor RSt were more commonly Grade 3. In a small cohort of women treated with mastectomy, those women with a poor RSt were still at elevated risk after surgery, comparered to women with a good RSt (HR = 5.4, p = 0.014). The 10-year risk profile for women with a good RSt treated with BCS plus RT or mastectomy, was low (table). Conclusions: A novel biosignature identified women with a good and poor RSt, where the good RSt identified women with an apparent substantial benefit from RT, as well as women with a poor RSt who remained at particularly elevated risk after RT, and for whom enhanced treatment strategies should be considered. Additional validation studies are ongoing. [Table: see text]
Sequential serum let-7a to predict accelerated reproliferation of lung cancer cells during chemotherapy and long-term survival.
Authors: Peng Xie, Xiaolin Li, Yan Guan, Wenjie Tang, Xueqi Xie, Chungang Wang, Xindong Sun, Jinming Yu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e21721 Background: Accelerated reproliferation during radiation is a classic theory in radiobiology. The long intervals between cycles of chemotherapy provides a better micro-circumstance to reproliferate of cancer cells. Few studies explored the accelerated reproliferation among cycles of chemotherapy. Methods: Patients with inoperable stage III and stage IV lung cancer from Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute were enrolled prospectively. Tumor tissue and sequential peripheral blood were obtained before treatment and among cycles of chemotherapy to detect Ki-67 and let-7a expression. All patients were followed up to observe the occurrence and survival. Results: Fifty-two consecutive consenting patients were enrolled prospectively. The median follow-up was 13 months (range, 2–62 months). A strong correlation was found between serum let-7a and tissue Ki-67 before treatment (r = − 0.667, P &lt; 0.001). The serum let-7a expression level was significantly upregulated at the time point after 2 and 4 cycles of chemotherapy, respectively, compared with the original. Then, at the time point after 6 cycles of chemotherapy, the expression levels of let-7a returned to relatively low level (F = 7.994, P &lt; 0.001). Patients with high level of baseline serum let-7a had significantly better OS and PFS than patients with relatively low level of baseline serum let-7a (The 1-year OS and PFS rates were 80.6% VS 33.3%, X 2 = 12.81, P &lt; 0.001, and 54.2% VS 20%, X 2 = 8.001, P = 0.005, respectively). Conclusions: The study showed that serum let-7a could reflect the proliferation of tumor tissue reliably in lung cancer, with high prognostic value. Furthermore, the study showed that accelerated reproliferation exists during treatment of cancer, not only in radiotherapy, but also in chemotherapy, which can give us a new perspective to overcome drug resistance of lung cancer, and would help in determining individual treatment strategy. This project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81502667) and Key Research and Development Plan of Shandong, China (Grant No. 2016GSF201167).
Phase I trial characterizing the pharmacokinetic profile and NK and CD8<sup>+</sup> t cell expansion with n-803, a chimeric IL-15 superagonist, in healthy volunteers.
Authors: John M. Wrangle, Mark P Rubinstein, Caroline Mart, Joseph H. Azar, Cameron Williams, Marzena Swiderska-Syn, Linda Macpherson, Jonathan Beall, Elizabeth Goodwin Hill, John H. Lee, Amy Rock, Patrick Soon-Shiong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e15008 Background: The oncotherapeutic promise of IL-15, a potent immune stimulant, is limited by short serum half-life. The fusion protein N-803 is an IL-15 superagonist complex that has &gt; 20-fold longer half-life in vivo vs IL-15. This study characterized the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile, biological activity, and safety of N-803 after subcutaneous administration to healthy human volunteers. Methods: Volunteers were randomized 1:1 to receive 1 mg/mL or 2 mg/mL N-803. Each subject received 2 doses of N-803: 10 µg/kg followed 24 days later by 20 µg/kg. After each dose, PK and safety measures were assayed for 9 successive days. Primary endpoint was the PK profile of N-803; secondary was safety; and exploratory endpoints were cytokine levels, immune cell characterization, and immunogenicity. Results: N-803 resulted in no grade ≥3 or serious adverse events (AEs). Mild injection site reactions, chills, and pyrexia were the most common AEs. Serum N-803 concentrations peaked 10.3-15.4 hours after administration and declined with a half-life of 20.0-20.7 hours. Peak N-803 serum concentrations were dose-dependent, with a 1.5-fold increase in C max after administration of 20 µg/kg vs 10 µg/kg. In the peripheral blood, N-803 induced a transient decline, followed by a significant increase (3-fold) in NK cell number that persisted for ≥24 days. N-803 also caused a significant proliferation of NK (22-fold increase in Ki-67 + cells), CD8 + (27-fold) and CD4 + T (11-fold) cells; however, increased cell number occurred only in NK cells. N-803 administration also increased serum levels of interferon gamma, IL-10, and IL-6. One of 14 evaluable subjects had measureable anti-N-803 antibodies at the end-of-study visit. Conclusions: N-803 results in prolonged elevation of drug serum concentrations, contrasting with rapid clearance of recombinant human IL-15 (ie, half-life of ~20 vs &lt; 1 hour). N-803 administration was well-tolerated in healthy volunteers, without evidence of adverse systemic inflammatory responses, and resulted in proliferation of NK cells and CD8 + T cells, as well as sustained increases in NK cell number. Findings in this study are consistent with published results from N-803 administration in treating liquid tumors and lung cancer. Our results demonstrate N-803 administration potentiates the proliferation and activity of lymphocytes with antitumor and antivirus properties, and suggest this investigational product holds promise in treatment of cancer as well as infectious disease such as HIV. Clinical trial information: NCT03381586 .
气管支气管腺样囊性癌232例文献复习
Authors: 许建英, 王晓芳
Journal: BMJ (2007)

回顾性分析41篇国内文献报告的232例气管、支气管腺样囊性癌资料.男127例,女105例,男∶女为1.2∶1,平均年龄40～59岁.分析临床表现和体征,病变部位,各项检查的改变,误诊情况,治疗方案和预后.提示该病临床症状不典型,误诊率高.颈、胸部CT及纤维支气管镜是首选检查手段,手术切除结合术后放疗是最佳治疗方法,纤维支气管镜下介入治疗是姑息性治疗的新选择。
Effectiveness of longitudinal community management of pre-diabetic patients with hypertension: Beijing Community Diabetes Study 13
Authors: Lu Bai, Hanjing Fu, Shenyuan Yuan, Gang Wan, Liangxiang Zhu, Mingxia Yuan, Guangran Yang, Rongrong Xie, Xiaoning Gu, Xueping Du, Yuling Li, Jiandong Zhang, Wei Bai, Yu Ji
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness of longitudinal community management of pre-diabetic patients with hypertension.


Methods
Two hundred and eighty three pre-diabetic patients with hypertension were recruited in Beijing Community Diabetes Study from seven communities of Beijing, and the patients received longitudinal community management from July 2008 to July 2011.The blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids were measured; and the antihypertensive medication, blood pressure control and other indicators were examined before and after management.


Results
During the 3-year period, 39 cases dropped off and 244 patients completed the study.Compared with the baseline levels, systolic blood pressure [(126±9) vs. (130±14) mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa], diastolic blood pressure [(75±7) vs. (77±9) mmHg], fasting glucose [(5.7±1.0) vs. (6.0± 0.8) mmol/L], postprandial glucose [(7.8±1.8) vs. (8.2±2.3) mmol/L], uric acid [(313±77) vs. (329±88) μmol/L], LDL-C [(2.9±0.8) vs. (3.1±0.9) mmol/L] were significantly decreased (t=4.535, 4.699, 4.383, 3.363, 3.548, 2.016, P 0.05) after the management. The proportion of non-drug treatment patients rose from 16% to 22%, because of medication withdrawing after effective lifestyle management.The blood pressure control rate was significantly increased (36% vs.25%, χ2=7.043, P 0.05). The proportion of patients who reached all three goal of blood glucose, blood pressure and blood lipids increased significantly (12% vs. 5%, χ2=8.441, P<0.01).


Conclusion
The longitudinal community management may improve rational antihypertensive drug use and increase control rate of blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipids in some extent for pre-diabetic patients; the management should be focused on all risk factors of vascular diseases not just on the blood glucose alone.


Key words: 
Prediabetic state; Hypertension; Disease managment
Adjustment of automated peritoneal dialysis prescription based on volume management
Authors: Yixin Chen, Meng Li
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Volume management is recognized as an important determinant of dialysis adequacy. The optimal ultrafiltration and sodium removal will improve the volume management and reduce the cardiovascular mortality. Automated peritoneal dialysis (APD), as one of renal replacement therapies, has become a choice for more and more patients with end-stage renal disease. APD allows an individualized dialysis prescription by providing more dialysis doses and more exchange times to improve ultrafiltration and sodium removal, achieving or even exceeding the efficacy of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. New strategies for volume control have emerged, including adapted APD, using icodextrin and low-sodium dialysate, to provide new ideas for APD prescription adjustment.


Key words: 
Peritoneal dialysis; Ultrafiltration; Sodium removal