Abstract 4561: Slit2 inhibits breast cancer growth and metastasis by activating anti-tumor immune response
Authors: Dinesh K. Ahirwar, Nabanita Chatterjee, Sanjay Mishra, Kontestine Shilo, Ramesh Ganju
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Metastasis is a major cause of mortality in breast cancer patients in part due to the lack of clinically established targeted therapies. Approximately 5%-20% of patients with Stage II, and ~50% of patients with stage III will recur distally and are likely to die from their disease. Metastatic, or stage IV breast cancers, have a 5-year relative survival rate of about 22%. The expression of a tumor suppressor protein, Slit2 has been shown to be downregulated in various types of tumors including breast cancer. The Slit2 acts through Roundabout Homolog1 (Robo1) receptor. Previously it has been shown that ectopic expression of Slit2 inhibits human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line xenograft tumor growth in mice. However, its role in breast cancer metastasis, tumor microenvironment (TME) and anti-tumor immunity has not been studied before. By using genetically engineered human breast cancer cells, spontaneous mammary tumor and pre-clinical mouse models, we evaluated the role of Slit2 in inhibiting breast cancer growth, metastasis by activating anti-tumor immune response. To study the role of Slit2 in breast cancer, we implanted Slit2 overexpressing human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 (231-Sli2) or vector control cells (231-Vec) to the mammary fat-pads of NOD/SCID/gamma (NSG) mice and observed that 231-Slit2 had significantly reduced tumor growth and metastasis to the lungs compared to 231-Vec. To further confirm the anti-metastatic role of Slit2, we treated mouse mammary tumor virus- Polyoma Middle T antigen (MMTV-PyMT) mammary tumor model and MVT-1 orthotopic tumor bearing FVB/J wildtype mice with recombinant Slit2 (rSlit2) that resulted in significantly reduced tumor growth and metastasis to the lungs in both the models compared to PBS treated mice. The ex-vivo immunofluorescence and flow cytometry studies revealed that Slit2 treated tumors possess a very high number of tumor phagocytic macrophages compared to PBS. In-vitro analysis also showed that rSlit2 treated mouse macrophages (RAW264.7) has higher bacterial particle phagocytic ability. Further analysis of tumors elucidated that Slit2 treated tumors recruited higher number of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. In addition, The CD8+ cells were also positive for Granzyme-b showing higher number of effector T-cells in the Slit2 tumors compared to PBS. By using human breast cancer tissue microarray (TMA), we have found that Slit2 expression significantly correlates with better overall survival. These observations highlight the ability of Slit2 to enhance tumor phagocytic macrophages and anti-tumor CD8+/Granzyme-b+ T-cells, thereby restricting tumor growth and lung metastasis. These studies suggest that Slit2 could be used as a novel immunomodulatory therapeutic agent. Citation Format: Dinesh K. Ahirwar, Nabanita Chatterjee, Sanjay Mishra, Kontestine Shilo, Ramesh Ganju. Slit2 inhibits breast cancer growth and metastasis by activating anti-tumor immune response [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4561.