tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Local hormonal status of tumor and adjacent tissues in patients with melanoma depending on their gender.
Authors: Valeria A. Bandovkina, Elena M. Frantsiyants, Ludmila Ya. Rozenko, Viktoria V. Pozdnyakova, Maria G. Ilchenko, Elena I. Agarkova, Natalia A. Maksimova, Yuriy V. Przhedetskiy, Oleg I. Kit
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e22084 Background: Gender is an important independent prognostic factor for cutaneous melanoma incidence, and survival in women is better. The purpose of the study was to determine the content of sex steroids and prolactin in tumor, perifocal and resection line tissues in male and female patients with melanoma. Methods: The study included 13 men and 22 women with cutaneous melanoma (M) pT 1-2 N 0 M 0 . Levels of free testosterone (fT), estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), progesterone and prolactin were measured by ELISA in M, perifocal (P) and resection line (RL) tissues after surgical treatment. The average age of patients was in men 54±3.56 years (median age 53, 32-81), in women 65±2.67 years (median age 63, 39-82). Skin tissues obtained from 20 non-cancer patients after plastic surgery served as the control. Results: In M of women, levels of fT, E2 and E1 were elevated on average by 1.3 times, while in men fT was decreased by 1.7 times, and estrogens were increased – E2 by 1.7 and E1 by 3.7 times, compared to the corresponding control levels. In women, fT in P tissues was increased by 1.6 times, while parameters in RL were similar to control values. In men, fT in P and RL tissues was decreased by 3.8 and 2.3 times respectively, and E2 was increased by 1.6 and 1.3 times respectively. E1 in P tissues was decreased by 1.7 times, in RL – similar to control levels. Conclusions: M in patients of both genders has an altered hormonal profile characterized by hyperestrogenia, with the prevalence of E1 and androgen deficiency in men. The expansion of the “tumor field” due to changes in the hormonal profile of P and even RL tissues was established only in male patients with the same morphological prevalence of the process, which may be one of the reasons for the more aggressive tumor course.
Assessment of the Qualitative Fit Test and Quantitative Single-Pass Filtration Efficiency of Disposable N95 Masks Following Gamma Irradiation
Authors: Avilash Cramer, Enze Tian, Mitchell Galanek, Edward Lamere, Ju Li, Rajiv Gupta, Mike Short
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

This quality improvement study examines the fit and filtration efficiency of disposable N95 masks after sterilization by cobalt-60 gamma irradiation.
Breast cancer receptor subtypes in East Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Pallvi Popli, Elane M Gutterman, Coral Oghenerukevwe Omene, Shridar Ganesan, Richard Marlink
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e19074 Background: Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are determinants of both treatment and mortality for patients with breast cancer (BC). With a mortality to incidence ratio of 0.51, mortality rates for breast cancer in East Africa are among the world’s highest. Building on a meta-analysis of BC receptor subtypes in sub-Saharan Africa (2014) and including all recently available PubMed literature, our meta-analysis aims to investigate the differences among receptor subtype distribution in five East African countries. Methods: Receptor distributions for female samples &gt;30 in all BC articles for Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda were obtained from PubMed, January 1, 1998 - June 30, 2019. Outcomes were proportions of ER+, PR+, and HER2+ and/or molecular subtypes. Data included study characteristics and mean/median patient age (weighted by observations). Using metaprop for STATA 16, we estimated pooled proportions (ES) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and assessed I 2 statistics for heterogeneity across studies. Results: Among 35 BC studies with receptor data, 21 met criteria. Overall, the weighted mean age was 47.5 years (SD 3.2) and median, 48. For ER+ (18 studies/n=2,875), the overall ES was 0.55 (95% CI 0.47, 0.62), I 2 of 94.4%, p&lt;0.001, ranging from 0.62 in Ethiopia (95% CI 0.52, 0.72) to 0.42 in Uganda (95%0.36, 0.49). For HER2+ (18 studies/n=2,689), the overall ES was 0.23 (95% CI 0.20, 0.26), I 2 of 70.2%, p&lt;0.001, and ranged from 0.27 in Ethiopia (95% CI 0.18, 0.36) to 0.21 in both Tanzania and Uganda (95% CI 0.13/0.14, 0.28). For triple negative (TN, 15 studies/n=2,510), the overall ES was 0.28 (95% CI 0.23, 0.32), I 2 of 84.0%, p&lt;0.001, varying from 0.21 in Ethiopia (95% CI 0.15, 0.27) to 0.46 in Tanzania (95% CI 0.32, 0.60). Conclusions: We found differences between countries, e.g. lower distribution of TN in Ethiopia (21%) compared to Uganda (35%) and Tanzania (46%), and high between-study heterogeneity. Consistent with former studies, ER+, 55%, was the dominant subtype, particularly in Ethiopia, Kenya and Rwanda, indicating the need to prioritize hormonal treatment. Overall rates of HER2 subtype, 23%, approached overall rates of TN, 28%, yet HER2 testing is often not performed due to the cost and unavailability of anti-HER2 therapy, hence this subtype often goes untreated. These findings highlight the benefit of testing and reporting of receptor subtypes at the country level to promote delivery of more effective treatment to reduce the mortality disparity.
Abstract 11456: Liraglutide and Semaglutide Reduce Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Subodh Verma, Soren Rasmussen, Hans Askelund Saevereid, Maria Sejersten Ripa
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: The LEADER and SUSTAIN 6 CV outcomes trials demonstrated CV risk reduction for the human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs liraglutide and semaglutide in patients with type 2 di...
The role of general practitioners as "gatekeeper" in university health service center
Authors: Hai-hong Li, Chun-mei Liu
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The article reviewed the function of general practitioners in Beijing Jiaotong University Health Service Center, which was transitioned from sole curative service to both curative and preventive services. The article also discussed the role as gatekeeper for health system played by practitioners in university health service centers.

Key words: 
Community health services;  General practitioner
Pharmacodynamic (PD) responses drive dose/schedule selection of CC-92480, a novel CELMoD agent, in a phase 1 dose-escalation study in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM).
Authors: Lilly Wong, María Dolores Jiménez Nuñez, Nizar J. Bahlis, Annette J. Vangsted, Karthik Ramasamy, Suzanne Trudel, Joaquín Martínez, Maria-Victoria Mateos, Paula Rodríguez Otero, Sagar Lonial, Rakesh Popat, Albert Oriol, Chatchada Karanes, Robert Z. Orlowski, Jesus G. Berdeja, Maria Wang, Manisha Lamba, Michael Pourdehnad, Daniel W. Pierce, Paul G. Richardson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

8531 Background: CC-92480 is a novel cereblon (CRBN) E3 ligase modulator (CELMoD) agent under investigation in a first-in-human phase 1 study (NCT03374085) in RRMM patients (pts). In preclinical studies, CC-92480 demonstrated efficient and sustained degradation of Ikaros/Aiolos leading to broad antiproliferative effects and induction of apoptosis in MM cell lines, and enhanced immune stimulatory effects. Methods: Eligible RRMM pts received escalating doses of CC-92480 + dexamethasone. Several dosing schedules were evaluated in parallel; more continuous with 4-day or 7-day breaks and intensive with longer breaks in a 28-day cycle. Peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirates (BMA) were taken before and during treatment at multiple time points. Levels of Ikaros/Aiolos in T cells, and effects on immunomodulation were assessed by flow cytometry. Weekly levels of free light chain (sFLC) and B-cell maturation antigen (sBCMA) were determined in serum during the first 2 cycles of treatment. BMA clots were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for CRBN, Ikaros, Aiolos, ZFP91, c-Myc, and IRF-4. Results: The rate and depth of Ikaros/Aiolos degradation in T cells increased with dose and reached maximal at ≥0.6 mg QD with sustained degradation over 24 hrs. Substrate recovery occurred during drug holidays with faster recovery at lower doses, and reached full recovery with ≥7-day break for all dose levels tested. B cells decreased with increasing dose, and T-cell proliferation was demonstrated at all doses/schedules. Substrate degradation was also evident in bone marrow plasma cells including in the setting of low CRBN levels. In these heavily pretreated, including triple-class-refractory, RRMM pts, CC-92480 dosing periods led to rapid and sustained decreases in sFLC and sBCMA. This was dose and schedule dependent and correlated with plasma exposure; the longer breaks in the intensive schedules led to rapid rebound of these markers, while the more continuous schedules maintained the depth of suppression. Conclusions: PD responses correlated with dose and schedule. PD samplings at multiple time points during treatment allowed dynamic changes and kinetics of each biomarker in all schedules to be followed and to inform next steps. Ikaros/Aiolos degradation and recovery, coupled with changes in sFLC and sBCMA, guided the adjustment of the dosing schedule during dose escalation in order to optimize efficacy and tolerability. The study is ongoing and selection of the recommended phase 2 dose is pending.
Advances of treatment for articular cartilage trauma
Authors: 文昌明, 王洪
Journal: BMJ (2008)

关节软骨损伤是骨科较为常见的疾病.据统计,在行关节镜治疗者中,66%有关节软骨病变,11%有全层软骨损伤[1].目前普遍接受这样的观点:成年人关节软骨一旦损伤,其修复能力非常有限,直径 4 mm的缺损则很难自行修复[2].现将关节软骨损伤的治疗方法介绍如下。
The rate and spectrum of mosaic mutations during embryogenesis revealed by RNA sequencing of 49 tissues
Authors: Francesc Muyas, Luis Zapata, Roderic Guigó, Stephan Ossowski
Journal: Genome Medicine (2020)

Mosaic mutations acquired during early embryogenesis can lead to severe early-onset genetic disorders and cancer predisposition, but are often undetectable in blood samples. The rate and mutational spectrum of embryonic mosaic mutations (EMMs) have only been studied in few tissues, and their contribution to genetic disorders is unknown. Therefore, we investigated how frequent mosaic mutations occur during embryogenesis across all germ layers and tissues.Mosaic mutation detection in 49 normal tissues from 570 individuals (Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) cohort) was performed using a newly developed multi-tissue, multi-individual variant calling approach for RNA-seq data. Our method allows for reliable identification of EMMs and the developmental stage during which they appeared.The analysis of EMMs in 570 individuals revealed that newborns on average harbor 0.5-1 EMMs in the exome affecting multiple organs (1.3230 × 10-8 per nucleotide per individual), a similar frequency as reported for germline de novo mutations. Our multi-tissue, multi-individual study design allowed us to distinguish mosaic mutations acquired during different stages of embryogenesis and adult life, as well as to provide insights into the rate and spectrum of mosaic mutations. We observed that EMMs are dominated by a mutational signature associated with spontaneous deamination of methylated cytosines and the number of cell divisions. After birth, cells continue to accumulate somatic mutations, which can lead to the development of cancer. Investigation of the mutational spectrum of the gastrointestinal tract revealed a mutational pattern associated with the food-borne carcinogen aflatoxin, a signature that has so far only been reported in liver cancer.In summary, our multi-tissue, multi-individual study reveals a surprisingly high number of embryonic mosaic mutations in coding regions, implying novel hypotheses and diagnostic procedures for investigating genetic causes of disease and cancer predisposition.
利多卡因治疗低颅压性低血压一例
Authors: 张治明, 张安生, 欧阳帆
Journal: BMJ (2011)

患者男性,43岁.因脑顶叶胶质瘤于2009年6月12日在全身麻醉下行顶叶胶质瘤摘除术.术前检查:心肺肝肾功能均在正常范围.麻醉监测项目有心电图(ECG)、浆膜腔液铁蛋白(IBP)、血氧饱和度(SpO2),呼吸末二氧化碳分压(PetCO2);手术开始前,行连续腰穿,并以硬膜外导管留置为脑脊液引流管,拟通过部分降低颅内压更好地暴露手术野;快速诱导后,建立通畅人工气道,以丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼以及阿曲库铵维持麻醉。
氯氮平联合五氟利多治疗难治性精神分裂症37例
Authors: 马连华, 单义辉, 赵艳红, 王井泉
Journal: BMJ (2006)

文献报告氯氮平治疗难治性精神分裂症疗效优于传统的抗精神病药物[1,2],但仍有30%左右的患者疗效不满意.我们用氯氮平联合五氟利多治疗难治性精神分裂症患者37例,疗效较好,现报告如下。
Total mesorectal excision compared to local excision in locally advanced rectal cancer achieving complete pathological response with neoadjuvant therapy: A National Cancer Database Analysis.
Authors: Ahmed Abdalla, Sindhu Janarthanam Malapati, Sunny R K Singh, Susan Szpunar, Tarik H. Hadid, Zyad Kafri, Amr Aref
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

4107 Background: Total mesorectal excision (TME) is the standard surgical intervention for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) regardless of response to neoadjuvant therapy. In this study, we perform a comprehensive review of the National Cancer Database (NCDP) to compare the clinical and surgical outcomes of TME to local excision (LE) in patients with LARC. Methods: NCDP was systematically researched to abstract all patients with stage II and III rectal adenocarcinoma between the years 2004 and 2015. We subsequently excluded all the patients who did not achieve complete pathological response (pT 0 ) after neoadjuvant therapy. The patients were then divided into two groups; those who underwent TME and those who underwent LE. Data were analyzed using SPSS v. 26.0, SAS v. 9.4. Results: A total of 4,705 were included in the study; 4,589 in the TME group and 116 in the LE group. Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups except for age. A total of 81(1.8%) of patients in the TME group and 8(6.9%) of patients in the LE group did not receive radiation (p=0.006) and 19(0.4%) of patients the TME group and 4(3.4%) of patients in the LE group did not receive chemotherapy. There was no difference in median overall survival between TME and LE groups. The median length of hospital stay was remarkably shorter in the LE group compared to the TME group (1 day vs 6 days, p&lt;0.0001). The rate of 30-day and 90-day postoperative mortality were similar between the two groups (p-value=0.334 and 0.06, respectively). In the LE group, 4 (3.4%) of patients were readmitted within 30 days of the resection compared to 374 (8.5%) in the TME group but was not a statistically significant difference (p=0.059). Conclusions: In this study, TME and LE had similar overall survival and time to 25% mortality in patients with LARC who achieved complete pathological response after neoadjuvant therapy. Also, LE had a shorter hospital stay compared to the TME group. This study is limited by its retrospective nature, however these interesting observations warrant further investigation in randomized clinical trials. [Table: see text]
慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者营养状态的评价与治疗
Authors: 刘国梁, 林江涛
Journal: BMJ (2008)

在住院的慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者中,营养不良占多数,约半数患者体重占理想体重的百分比<90%,气道阻塞程度越严重,营养不良发生率越高[1].目前认为COPD患者营养不良的原因主要是机体能量消耗增加、胃肠道消化吸收功能障碍、营养物质摄入减少和机体分解代谢增加等。
乙型肝炎肝硬化并发糖尿病临床分析
Authors: 郭荣光, 韩亚芳, 李云峰
Journal: BMJ (2007)

资料显示,有约80%的肝硬化患者出现糖耐量异常,20%～30%直接发展成肝性糖尿病[1],肝硬化患者中检出乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)标志物者占70%～90%[2],乙型肝炎肝硬化的发病率相当高,探讨其并发糖尿病的临床特征具有意义。
点评:重视学习与实践提高全科医疗服务质量
Authors: 吴春容
Journal: BMJ (2004)

专科医疗主要为患者的疾病提供暂时的、片断的、局部的医疗服务,采用以疾病为中心的服务模式.而全科医疗则主要针对患病的人提供连续性、综合性、协调性、整体性的全面、全程的健康管理服务,完全以病人为中心。
GI oncology molecular tumor board: Fostering collaboration and clinical education for personalized therapy.
Authors: Joseph Elan Grossman, Andrea J. Bullock, Susana Angarita, Bruno Bockorny, Farshid Dayyani, Molly Hurley, Kimberly McGregor, Eirini Pectasides, Mary Linton Bounetheau Peters, Venkataprasanth P. Reddy, Benjamin L. Schlechter, Mehrad Tavallai, Jessica A. Zerillo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

11029 Background: In recent years, genomic profiling has become standard of care for several gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. In addition to standard of care indications, comprehensive genomic profiling has led to novel and expanded applications of targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy and facilitated identification of potential clinical trials. A GI molecular tumor board (MTB) was developed with a goal of improving understanding of the biological effects of genomic alterations and their therapeutic implications to enhance personalized therapy. Methods: Foundation Medicine (FM) collaborated with physicians in the GI oncology group of an academic medical center to develop a GI MTB starting March 2019. As of December 2019, 27 GI oncology cases were presented where FoundationOneCDx testing was performed and a clinical question was posed. Cases were discussed by faculty, fellows, research staff, and a clinical genomic scientist and oncologist from FM. Impacted signaling pathways and biomarkers were discussed for each case alongside clinical content so that physicians could consider therapeutic options and clinical trials. Presenting faculty were asked to complete a questionnaire for each case presented to assess the impact of the MTB discussion on clinician knowledge and patient-level treatment recommendations. Results: Of 27 questionnaires sent to 7 providers, 17 (63%) were completed. Respondents indicated that as a result of the MTB, the treatment plan was changed in 2 cases (12%), reinforced in 9 cases (53%) and in 6 cases (35%) there was no effect. On a Likert scale of 1-4 where 1 is “rare/poorly” and 4 is “great” mean scores were as follows: Did this MTB help you understand the biological effects of the main genomic alteration(s) reported in the case presented? 3.3. Did this MTB help you understand the possible therapeutic implications of the main genomic alterations in the case presented? 3.3. Did this MTB improve your understanding of the role of next generation sequencing and comprehensive genomic profiling in making treatment decisions? 3.4. Conclusions: The results of our questionnaire indicate that treatment decisions were changed in a minority of cases based on the MTB. In most cases, clinical decision making was reinforced and understanding of the biological effects of genomic alterations and their therapeutic implications were improved. Based on this feedback we will continue to refine and integrate the GI MTB into clinical care for patients with GI malignancies, and share our experience locally with other disease groups.
Clinical study on the tunnel approach in laparoscopic radical right hemicolectomy.
Authors: Xijie Zhang, Junli Zhang, Yuzhou Zhao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e16135 Background: The medial to lateral approach Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy complies with the “no-touch” principle, but need a demanding procedure with a steep learning curve. This study was designed to assess the superiority of the tunnel approach compared to traditional medial-to-lateral approach in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for patients with right-sided colon cancer. Methods: The new method was called Tunnel Approach: The tunnel was formed with Toldt's gap was dissociated upward from the attachment of ileocecal part and retroperitoneum, then the right mesocolon was lifted to expose and divide the superior mesenteric blood vessel. We analyzed retrospectively the patients with resectable right-sided colon cancer confirmed by colonoscope and imaging who received the laparoscopic radical right hemicolectomy. The patients were divided into the tunnel approach (group A) and the traditional medial-to-lateral approach (group B) according to the surgical maneuver performed. Results: A total of 84 patients who received laparoscopic radical right hemicolectomy were assigned to group A (n = 42) or group B (n = 42) between January 2016 to June 2017. There was no difference in baseline characteristics including demographics, body mass index (BMI), tumor stage, tumor location and differentiation. The operation time and intraoperative blood loss in group A were significantly better than group B (137.74±22.7 vs. 153.1±28.8min, p &lt; 0.05; 49.0±40.7 vs. 142.9±87.4ml, p &lt; 0.05, respectively).There was no difference in tumor size(5.7±2.1 vs. 5.7±2.1cm, p&gt;0.05), conversion to laparotomy rate(0 vs. 3, p&gt;0.05), lymph node yield(30.5±14.4 vs. 27.9±12.7, p&gt;0.05), time to first flatus(3.4±1.3 vs. 4.0±1.3d, p&gt;0.05), postoperative hospital stays(10.0±2.2 vs. 12.3±3.0d, p&gt;0.05) and complications(2 vs. 3, p&gt;0.05) between two groups. There was no treatment-related death in both groups. Conclusions: The characteristic of “tunnel” approach is to convert the anatomy from a two-dimensional to a three-dimensional view, it showed the benefits of both speed and safety with low intraoperative conversion to laparotomy rate and mortality. This new tunnel approach right hemicolectomy is worth recommended.
Analysis for 380 cases with neonatal deformity
Authors: 郑卫红, 鲁桦, 陈恩玲, 郭立杰, 马瑛, 夏恩菊
Journal: BMJ (2005)

目的 通过分析本院28年来380例新生儿畸形资料,了解畸形儿的发生率和畸形儿与孕妇的孕、产次、孕周、新生儿出生体重之间的关系.方法将清华大学第一附属医院1975年至2002年间出生的380例畸形儿和此后出生的相同性别的对照正常儿380例的资料进行回顾性统计分析.结果本院该时期畸形儿的发生率为9.54‰(380/39 833),神经管畸形、消化道畸形与运动系统畸形居前三位.神经管畸形中,母亲为农民者较城市职工多,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).畸形儿组与对照组比较早产发生率显著增高(P<0.01),畸形儿组的平均孕产次较对照组高.畸形儿染色体检查率为10.0%,染色体异常检出率为50.0%. 1980年后致死性畸形的发生率明显降低,而非致死性畸形发生率无明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论畸形的发生与孕妇的职业、孕周、孕产次及染色体异常有关,加强产前监测和产前诊断,积极采取出生缺陷干预措施,可减少致死性畸形的发生。
DREAMM-1 Patient perspectives from the first-in-human study of single-agent belantamab mafodotin for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM).
Authors: Laurie Eliason, Joanna Opalinska, Mona L. Martin, Julia Correll, Benjamin Gutierrez, Rakesh Popat
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e20531 Background: Patient-reported outcomes in RRMM remain poor, particularly for those refractory to immunomodulatory agents, proteasome inhibitors, and anti-CD38 antibodies, and there is an increased risk of cumulative toxicities in these patients. Single-agent belantamab mafodotin (GSK2857916), a first-in-class, B-cell maturation antigen–binding immunoconjugate, has demonstrated deep and durable responses with a manageable safety profile in heavily pretreated patients with RRMM (DREAMM-1, NCT02064387). Here, we present patient-reported clinical benefit/tolerability of belantamab mafodotin evaluated by trial-embedded end-of-treatment (EOT) and follow-up interviews. Methods: DREAMM-1 study design and results have been reported ( Blood Cancer J 2019). Patients in the Part 2 expansion phase were administered single-agent belantamab mafodotin 3.4 mg/kg IV once every 3 weeks for 16 cycles and invited to participate in interviews at EOT and 6-month follow-up. Patients discussed symptoms, treatment-related adverse events (AEs), treatment burden, and overall treatment satisfaction, rated 0–10 (0 = not severe to 10 = most severe/0 = not at all satisfied to 10 = extremely satisfied). Results: A total of 17/35 patients (9 female [53%]) were interviewed; 4/17 patients completed both interviews. Most patients (94%; 16/17) achieved a partial response or better. At EOT, patients reported an improvement from the worst point in symptoms of bone pain (mean change in score from 6.4 to 4.0) and fatigue (8.0 to 5.5). The most commonly reported treatment-related AE was blurred vision (76%; 13/17). Among those reporting this AE, 62% (8/13) reported resolution or steady improvement in vision after EOT; with a reduction in severity rating from 7.3 at worst to 5.3 at EOT for this event. Most patients (93%; 13/14) never considered stopping treatment owing to AEs, including ocular events. Overall treatment satisfaction was high (mean score 7.9; median 9.0). Conclusions: Despite small sample sizes, trial-embedded interviews provide valuable insight into patient experience with belantamab mafodotin. Patients treated with single-agent belantamab mafodotin reported high treatment satisfaction and improvements in symptoms. Visual symptoms were frequent but manageable, and improved or resolved after treatment. Funding: GlaxoSmithKline (117159). Drug linker technology licensed from Seattle Genetics; monoclonal antibody produced using POTELLIGENT Technology licensed from BioWa. Clinical trial information: NCT02064387.