tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Automatic spatial estimation of white matter hyperintensities evolution in brain MRI using disease evolution predictor deep neural networks
Authors: Muhammad Febrian Rachmadi, Maria del C. Valdés-Hernández, Stephen Makin, Joanna Wardlaw, Taku Komura
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2020)

Previous studies have indicated that white matter hyperintensities (WMH), the main radiological feature of small vessel disease, may evolve (i.e., shrink, grow) or stay stable over a period of time. Predicting these changes are challenging because it involves some unknown clinical risk factors that leads to a non-deterministic prediction task. In this study, we propose a deep learning model to predict the evolution of WMH from baseline to follow-up (i.e., 1-year later), namely "Disease Evolution Predictor" (DEP) model, which can be adjusted to become a non-deterministic model. The DEP model receives a baseline image as input and produces a map called "Disease Evolution Map" (DEM), which represents the evolution of WMH from baseline to follow-up. Two DEP models are proposed, namely DEP-UResNet and DEP-GAN, which are representatives of the supervised (i.e., need expert-generated manual labels to generate the output) and unsupervised (i.e., do not require manual labels produced by experts) deep learning algorithms respectively. To simulate the non-deterministic and unknown parameters involved in WMH evolution, we modulate a Gaussian noise array to the DEP model as auxiliary input. This forces the DEP model to imitate a wider spectrum of alternatives in the prediction results. The alternatives of using other types of auxiliary input instead, such as baseline WMH and stroke lesion loads are also proposed and tested. Based on our experiments, the fully supervised machine learning scheme DEP-UResNet regularly performed better than the DEP-GAN which works in principle without using any expert-generated label (i.e., unsupervised). However, a semi-supervised DEP-GAN model, which uses probability maps produced by a supervised segmentation method in the learning process, yielded similar performances to the DEP-UResNet and performed best in the clinical evaluation. Furthermore, an ablation study showed that an auxiliary input, especially the Gaussian noise, improved the performance of DEP models compared to DEP models that lacked the auxiliary input regardless of the model's architecture. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first extensive study on modelling WMH evolution using deep learning algorithms, which deals with the non-deterministic nature of WMH evolution.
A co-formulation of supramolecularly stabilized insulin and pramlintide enhances mealtime glucagon suppression in diabetic pigs
Authors: Caitlin L. Maikawa, Anton A. A. Smith, Lei Zou, Gillie A. Roth, Emily C. Gale, Lyndsay M. Stapleton, Sam W. Baker, Joseph L. Mann, Anthony C. Yu, Santiago Correa, Abigail K. Grosskopf, Celine S. Liong, Catherine M. Meis, Doreen Chan, Megan Troxell, David M. Maahs, Bruce A. Buckingham, Matthew J. Webber, Eric A. Appel
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2020)
Bone marrow versus mobilized peripheral blood stem cell graft in T-cell-replete haploidentical transplantation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Arnon Nagler, Bhagirathbhai Dholaria, Myriam Labopin, Bipin N. Savani, Emanuele Angelucci, Yener Koc, Mutlu Arat, Pietro Pioltelli, Simona Sica, Zafer Gülbas, Johanna Tischer, Paolo Bernasconi, Jiri Pavlu, Gerard Socié, Didier Blaise, Luigi Rigacci, Massimo Martino, Jose Luis Diez-Martin, Zinaida Perić, Sebastian Giebel, Mohamad Mohty
Journal: Leukemia (2020)
Toxicity from chemoradiotherapy in older patients with glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: G. B. Roldán, A. E. Sijben, J. B. McIntyre, J. C. Easaw, E. Yan, P. A. Forsyth, I. F. Parney, A. M. Magliocco, H. Bernsen, J. G. Cairncross
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

2054 Background: Elderly patients have glioblastomas (GBM) that are aggressive and poorly responsive to treatment. They are also prone to the side effects of treatment of GBM. Methods: To shed light on the treatment of elderly patients with GBM, we reviewed the treatment toxicities and survival of patients 65 years of age or older who were treated with chemoradiotherapy, which is the new standard of care for GBM in younger patients. Results: Thirty-nine patients at a single cancer center in Canada met the eligibility criteria for this retrospective study. Nineteen patients were treated initially with TMZ and radiotherapy and 20 others were treated with radiotherapy alone (only two had TMZ subsequently). Eight patients in the chemoradiotherapy group (42%) experienced grade III or IV toxicity versus none in the radiotherapy group. The median overall survival in the chemoradiotherapy group was 8.5 months (range, 2.0–24.7 months) versus 5.2 months (range, 1.5–14.2 months) in the radiotherapy group, an apparent benefit which may have been due to an imbalance in age at diagnosis, extent of resection and performance status. In this series of GBM cases, methylation of the MGMT gene promoter was not associated with longer survival, either overall, or within the chemoradiotherapy treated subset. Conclusions: Elderly patients with GBM treated with chemoradiotherapy can be expected to experience significant toxicity. Large randomized trials will be necessary to determine whether chemoradiotherapy prolongs the survival of elderly patients and whether MGMT promoter status predicts benefit from temozolomide in this subset of patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
How to tell the truth and avoid the urge to lie: Planning a career in medical research
Authors: A SONNENBERG
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

A scientist can be defined a s someone who tests hypotheses about natural phenomena.Trying to prove a hypothesis is the key element of all research endeavors.Although academic life and scientific careers may appear filled with other pursuits, such as position, fame, publication, and grants, none of these represents more than a fetish.Articles or grants have come to serve a s evidence of good research, simply because they are easier to count than the number of successfully tested hypotheses.Similarly, salary and power associated with a position or funds apportioned with a grant are more readily appreciated than relevant scientific findings.It takes milliseconds to grasp a dollar amount but possibly hours to understand a new concept.That may be one of the reasons that aging and time-deprived chiefs prefer the former parameter.Despite the relatively simple definition of a scientist, many talents come together in the making of a scientist.A successful scientist may excel a s administrator, organizer, thinker, experimenter, craftsman, innovator, writer, speaker, politician, diplomat, and dictator.No scientist covers all and most scientists cover several of these talents.Intelligence is definitely a plus because of its ubiquitous applicability.It helps to conceive better hypotheses, administer more efficiently, or find the most convincing arguments a s a diplomat.I t appears that most successful scientists are gifted writers who love to compose, can express even complicated concepts with ease, and excel a t filling large amounts of empty pages very expeditiously.This talent is definitely required for publishing, grantmanship, and administration.Frequently, a successful scientist is found to be a n efficient administrator and organizer who can also delegate work and coerce, convince, or lure other people to contribute to his or her scientific pursuits.This is not to belittle the selective advantage of innovative From The Medical Collc:gc of Wisconsin a n d I)c:paitnient ofVotrriins Affaiis
Understanding and improving knowledge of cancer survivorship care among college providers.
Authors: Alexandra M Psihogios, Lisa Schwartz, Helen Pauly-Hubbard, Jill P. Ginsberg, Wendy Hobbie, Dava Szalda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

101 Background: Young adult survivor (YAS) engagement in follow-up care is often compromised by competing developmental transitions, including attending college away from home and pediatric oncology team, as well as community providers’ deficits in knowledge related to caring for YAS. The aims were to assess college providers’ basic knowledge of the risks of YAS and related care guidelines and determine whether an educational in-service is an effective platform for increasing college health providers’ knowledge about survivorship. Methods: During Phase 1, 40 college health and office of disability staff members from public and private colleges/universities (90.0% female) completed a 41-question survey on their experiences with students who were YAS. In Phase 2, a one-hour educational in-service was provided to 18 health center medical providers (94.1% female) at a private university. In-service content was informed by the original survey. Providers completed pre- and post-test assessments of knowledge about late effects, knowledge of resources, and comfort with caring for YAS. Results: While most providers indicated that YAS are at risk of chronic health conditions because of their cancer treatment (70.6%), nearly all were unfamiliar with the published long-term follow-up guidelines for cancer survivorship (93.8%). Over half of providers did not have knowledge of cancer survivorship services in their area (58.8%). All respondents were interested in more survivorship education. Attendees of the in-service had higher knowledge of survivorship follow-up guidelines at the post-test assessment ( M=4.19) compared to the pre-test ( M=1.81), t=-5.56, p &lt; .001. They endorsed higher awareness of local resources at post-test ( M = 3.67) compared to the pre-test ( M=2.13), t=-3.62, p &lt; .01. Attendees reported higher comfort with caring for cancer survivors at post-test ( M=3.00) compared to the pre-test ( M=2.00), t=-3.42, p&lt; .01. Conclusions: College providers had little baseline knowledge of cancer survivorship guidelines, but were motivated to obtain more information. An in-service improved college health providers’ knowledge of caring for YAS, awareness of published guidelines, and comfort in providing care.
Abstract 14665: Initial D-dimer is Associated With Survival From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Michael C Kurz, Byung Kooko Lee, Chun-Song Youn, Dong Hoon Lee, Youn-Jung Kim, In Soo Cho, Kyoung-Chul Cha, Joosuk Oh, Seung Pill Choi, Henry E Wang, Won Young Kim
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: While loss of laminar blood flow during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) facilitates thrombosis, the effect of this hypercoagulable state upon survival is unknown. We investigate...
AB0327 Abatacept and its use in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (ra) in the czech republic – data from the attra registry
Authors: P. Horák, K. Pavelka, K. Hejduk, M. Skácelová, A. Smržová
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> The Czech national registry ATTRA collects data of patients treated by the biological drugs with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Abatacept has the position of the second line agent which can be prescribed after a failure of at least one TNFalfa inhibitor. ATTRA is prospective centralized computerized registry of patients and concentrates the data on efficacy, safety and on the quality of life. Data of patients treated by abatacept has been collected since 2008. <h3>Objectives</h3> To perform the statistical anylysis of patients treated with abatacept <h3>Methods</h3> ATTRA registers 162 patients, mean age of patients 51.0± 12.2 (median 53.1, 19-74 years). Mean duration of RA disease was 14±9.1, median 11.3 years (0-41). 130 were women (80.2%). DAS28- Disease Activity Score 28 was monitored as well as patients’ and physicians’ assessment of the efficacy of treatment. A remission was defined as DAS28&lt;2.6. The quality of life was measured by the EuroQol and SF36 questionnaires, HAQ (Health Assessment Questionnaire) was used to determine functional impairment. Persistence of patients on treatment, reasons for premature discontinuation of treatment, biological treatment used before and after administration of abatacept were monitored as well. In order to observe the safety of treatment, the occurrence of serious and non-serious adverse effects was monitored. Results were processed by Statistica. StatSoft, Inc. (2011) STATISTICA (data analysis software system), version 10. <h3>Results</h3> The mean DAS28 was at week 0 5.9±1.1, at week 16 4.1±1.4, at week 24 3.8±1.2, at week 36 3.6±1.3 and at week 52 3.5±1.2. DAS28 remission was achieved at week 16 in 15.8% (10.7%), at week 24 in 10% (20.8%), at week 36 20.9% and at week 52 20.8%. Patients with DAS28 &lt;2.6 (remission) at week 16, had the DAS28 &lt;2.6 in 58.3% also at the week 52. Patients with DAS28 &gt;5.1 (high disease activity) at the week 16, had DAS &gt;5.1 at the week 52 in 41.7%. One year on treatment survival was 82% Altogether 50 non-serious adverse events (AE) were reported in 36 patients (22%) and 11 serious AE in 10 patients (6%) with most common being infections (31) and skin rashes (5), just one non serious allergic reaction was reported. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Presented data from the ATTRA registry represent four-year-long period of abatacept administration in the Czech Republic. Data from registry confirms a good overall efficacy and safety and a very good on drug survival of abatacept. <b>Acknowledgements: Funding: ATTRA registry, Czech Republic</b> <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Recombinant human DNase inhalation in normal subjects and patients with cystic fibrosis. A phase 1 study
Authors: M. L. Aitken
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the safety of recombinant human DNase (rhDNase) in normal subjects and in patients with cystic fibrosis. <h3>Design.</h3> —Nonrandomized trial in which individuals inhaled rhDNase three times a day Monday through Friday on two consecutive weeks. <h3>Setting.</h3> —The study was performed in the Clinical Research Center at the University of Washington, Seattle. Patients were recruited from the Cystic Fibrosis Center at the University of Washington. <h3>Subjects and Patients.</h3> —Twelve normal subjects and 14 patients with cystic fibrosis were studied (12 patients completed the protocol). The subjects and patients had to be aged 18 to 65 years and have a negative pregnancy test, if female. The normal subjects had to have a normal chest roentgenogram, be nonsmokers, and have normal pulmonary function testing. The patients with cystic fibrosis had to have a forced vital capacity greater than 40% predicted normal and have no recent exacerbation (within 2 weeks) of their lung infection or change in their medication. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —The study design was a repetitive dose escalation of aerosolized rhDNase. The subjects inhaled rhDNase three times a day, Monday through Friday, on 2 consecutive weeks and were rechallenged with a single dose 21 days after the last dose. Spirometry was measured before and 30 minutes after every rhDNase dose. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Pulmonary function testing, serum DNase concentrations, and anti-DNase antibodies. Secondary outcome measures were dyspnea score and quantitative bacterial culture. <h3>Main Results.</h3> —Inhalation of rhDNase was well tolerated by all persons. There were no serious adverse reactions, and no allergic reactions were observed, even on rechallenge. No individual developed rhDNase antibodies. Improvement in both lung function and dyspnea score was observed in the adults with cystic fibrosis. Forced vital capacity was 3.2±0.3 L (mean±SE) on day 1 and was 3.5±0.3 L on day 12. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second was 2.1 ±0.2 L (mean±SE) on day 1 and was 2.3±0.3 L on day 12. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Aerosolized rhDNase appears safe in normal subjects and in adults with cystic fibrosis and may improve lung function with short-term therapy. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:1947-1951)
Forty Years of A Piece of My Mind
Authors: Preeti N. Malani, Jody W. Zylke
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PTH-036 Spyglass™ DS cholangioscopy under conscious sedation for treatment of difficult stones – a norwich experience
Authors: Khoon-Sheng Kok, Hemant Laxaman, Sathis Mogan
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The use of Per Oral Cholangioscopy (POC) and subsequent Electrohydraulic Lithotripsy (EHL) under direct visualisation provides a useful adjunct to treat difficult biliary stones when conventional Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) methods have failed. Because of the length and complexity of these cases, a general anaesthetic is often the preferred choice of sedation. Herein, we describe our early experience of using the SpyGlass DS cholangioscopy system (Boston Scientific, Malborough, MA, USA) in a tertiary centre to treat difficult stones under conscious sedation, assessing whether this affected efficacy and safety of POC. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective analysis was performed of all cases where POC was used for difficult biliary stones from September 2016 to December 2017 at a teaching hospital. Cases performed under general anaesthesia were excluded. All patients received periprocedural prophylactic antibiotics, usually intravenous Ciprofloxacin 400 mgs. Rectal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were administered in all patients unless contraindicated and 5 days of oral antibiotics were given after the procedure. Sedation use, success rates and complications were documented. <h3>Results</h3> 26 cases were identified, including referrals from other centres. Median age of patients undergoing POC was 77 years old (range 60–95). Patients had a median of 2 previous ERCPs (range 0–11) prior to POC. The median dose of midazolam administered was 4 mg (range 2–9 mg) and of pethidine was 50 mg (range 0–125 mg). None of the patients required the administration of reversal agents (flumazenil or naloxone). Indications include extrahepatic stones (73%), intrahepatic stones (23%) and cystic duct stone (4%). Successful duct clearance was achieved in 20/26 (76%) cases, with the use of EHL and subsequent extraction balloon. 4/26 cases required additional mechanical lithotripsy post EHL and 1 case required sphincteroplasty. We did not achieve intended therapy in 6/26 cases. Reasons for this include: partial stone clearance only (3/6), technical difficulty (stones in second order ducts and inability to apply EHL) (2/6) and equipment failure (1/6). With regards to partial stone clearance cases, 1 patient had a successful repeat procedure with EHL, with the other 2 patients awaiting repeat procedures. There were no complications recorded. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our data of performing POC under conscious sedation has shown success rates in stone clearance and safety comparable to published outcomes of cases performed under general anaesthesia. Conscious sedation for POC remains a viable option, especially in an increasingly high-risk anaesthetic population and where a dedicated anaesthetist is not readily available for such cases.
Intuitive theories inform children's beliefs about intergroup obligation
Authors: Lisa Chalik
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2020)

Abstract In addition to emerging from children's direct experiences with collaborative partners and groups, children's beliefs about obligation also arise from a process of intuitive theory-building in early childhood. On this account, it is possible for at least some of children's beliefs to emerge in the absence of specific experiences where obligations are held among fellow members of a group “we.”
Rapid genetic diagnosis with the TRC (transcription-reverse transcription concerted reaction) system for cancer micrometastasis.
Authors: Yoshiyuki Fujiwara, Takaaki Ishii, Satoru Onaka, Toshinori Hayashi, Shuji Takiguchi, Hiroshi Miyata, Takushi Yasuda, Masahiko Yano, Morito Monden
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

3700  Purpose: Detection of cancer micrometastases that are missed by conventional cytological and histological examination has been needed for improvement of cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to establish a rapid and practical genetic assay to detect micrometastasis in gastric cancer and to assess the clinical significance in prediction of peritoneal recurrence. Experimental Design: A novel RNA amplification system with TRC reaction (transcription-reverse transcription concerted reaction) was introduced for quantitative detection of CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) mRNA, which has been widely used as a molecular marker for cancer micrometastasis. The sensitivity and quantitative aspects of the assay were assessed with the full-length CEA mRNA, a gastric cancer cell line, MKN-45, and metastatic lymph nodes obtained from gastric cancer patients. The peritoneal lavage fluid specimens, collected from gastric cancer surgery were subjected to the assay, and the clinical significance in prediction of recurrence and survival was examined. Results: The quantification, sensitivity, and reproducibility of the assay using the TRC reaction were equal to the quantitative RT-PCR with LightCycler. The most important advantage of the assay was the simplicity and rapidity. Molecular diagnosis of peritoneal lavages by the TRC reaction significantly correlated with depth of invasion, peritoneal metastasis, clinical stage, overall survival and peritoneal recurrence-free survival. Conclusions: Molecular diagnosis of peritoneal lavages with the TRC reaction could be a useful prognostic indicator for peritoneal recurrence and survival. Because the TRC reaction is more rapid and simple than RT-PCR as a format for detecting RNA sequences, It may enhance the spread of genetic diagnosis for cancer micrometastasis and may improve the cancer therapy.
Abstract 16096: Neurobiological Resilience Associates With a Reduced Risk of MACE
Authors: Tawseef Dar, Shady Abohashem, Ahmed Ghoneem, Nicki Naddaf, Michael T Osborne, Ahmed A Tawakol
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Chronic exposure to socioeconomic and/or environmental stressors associates with greater stress-associated neurobiological activity and a higher rate of major adverse cardiovascular e...
Assessment of QT Intervals in a Case Series of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Treated With Hydroxychloroquine Alone or in Combination With Azithromycin in an Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Francis Bessière, Hugo Roccia, Antoine Delinière, Rome Charrière, Philippe Chevalier, Laurent Argaud, Martin Cour
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2020)

Treatment With Hydroxychloroquine or Azithromycin and In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With COVID-19