tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Methacholine Challenge Test Reveals a High Prevalence of Subclinical Severe Airway Hyper-Reactivity in Children and Yound Adults with Sickle Cell Disease Which Correlates with Higher Sickle Acute Events and Acute Chest
Authors: Marthe-Sandrine Eiymo Mwa Mpollo, Sharat Chandra, Michael R. DeBaun, Uwe Christians, William Hardie, Karen Kalinyak, Punam Malik
Journal: Blood (2017)
Cancer immunotherapy with γδ T cells: many paths ahead of us
Authors: Dieter Kabelitz, Ruben Serrano, Léonce Kouakanou, Christian Peters, Shirin Kalyan
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2020)

γδ T cells play uniquely important roles in stress surveillance and immunity for infections and carcinogenesis. Human γδ T cells recognize and kill transformed cells independently of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) restriction, which is an essential feature of conventional αβ T cells. Vγ9Vδ2 γδ T cells, which prevail in the peripheral blood of healthy adults, are activated by microbial or endogenous tumor-derived pyrophosphates by a mechanism dependent on butyrophilin molecules. γδ T cells expressing other T cell receptor variable genes, notably Vδ1, are more abundant in mucosal tissue. In addition to the T cell receptor, γδ T cells usually express activating natural killer (NK) receptors, such as NKp30, NKp44, or NKG2D which binds to stress-inducible surface molecules that are absent on healthy cells but are frequently expressed on malignant cells. Therefore, γδ T cells are endowed with at least two independent recognition systems to sense tumor cells and to initiate anticancer effector mechanisms, including cytokine production and cytotoxicity. In view of their HLA-independent potent antitumor activity, there has been increasing interest in translating the unique potential of γδ T cells into innovative cellular cancer immunotherapies. Here, we discuss recent developments to enhance the efficacy of γδ T cell-based immunotherapy. This includes strategies for in vivo activation and tumor-targeting of γδ T cells, the optimization of in vitro expansion protocols, and the development of gene-modified γδ T cells. It is equally important to consider potential synergisms with other therapeutic strategies, notably checkpoint inhibitors, chemotherapy, or the (local) activation of innate immunity.
Roles of hsa-miR-12462 and SLC9A1 in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Yan Jia, Wei Liu, Hui-En Zhan, Xiao-Ping Yi, Hui Liang, Qi-Li Zheng, Xin-Ya Jiang, Hai-Yan Zhou, Liang Zhao, Xie-Lan Zhao, Hui Zeng
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2020)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival and may be useful for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) diagnosis and prognosis. In this study, we defined a novel miRNA, hsa-miR-12462, through small RNA sequencing of the bone marrow (BM) cells from 128 AML patients. Overexpression of hsa-miR-12462 in AML cells (U937 and HL-60) significantly decreased their growth rate when compared with those of the wild-type and MOCK controls. In a xenograft mouse model, tumor weight and size in the mice bearing the U937 cells with hsa-miR-12462 overexpression were significantly reduced when compared with those bearing the mock cells. The AML cells overexpressing hsa-miR-12462 had increased sensitivity to cytarabine chemotherapy. Combining the data from the MiRDB, an online microRNA database ( http://mirdb.org ), with the RNA-sequencing results, SLC9A1 was predicted to be one of the targets of hsa-miR-12462. hsa-miR-12462 was further confirmed to bind exclusively to the 3′UTR of SLC9A1 in U937 cells, leading to downregulation of SLC9A1. In summary, a higher level of hsa-miR-12462 in AML cells is associated with increased sensitivity to cytarabine chemotherapy via downregulation of SLC9A1.
C5aR1 is a master regulator in Colorectal Tumorigenesis via Immune modulation
Authors: Peipei Ding, Ling Li, Luying Li, Xinyue Lv, Danlei Zhou, Qingkai Wang, Jianfeng Chen, Chaoqun Yang, Enjie Xu, Weixing Dai, Xin Zhang, Na Wang, Qi Wang, Wei Zhang, Long Zhang, Yuzhen Zhou, Hongyu Gu, Qunying Lei, Xuhui Zhou, Weiguo Hu
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Numerous factors have been claimed to play important roles in colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and other immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines; however, the precise mechanisms of colorectal tumorigenesis remain elusive, and there is a lack of effective preventive treatments. Here, we investigated the role of complement system, a key regulator of immune surveillance and homeostasis, in colorectal tumorigenesis. Methods: The prototypical CRC model was induced by combined administration of azoxymethane (AOM)/ dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in Wild-type (WT), C3-, C5-, C5ar1-, and C5ar2-deficient mice. Using flow cytometry, immunohistochemical staining and multiplex bead assay, we profiled the immune cells, cytokines and chemokines. Bone marrow transplantation was employed to determine the contribution of immune cells in colorectal tumorigenesis. Further, we used C5aR1 antagonist PMX205 to investigate the protective role in colorectal tumorigenesis. Results: Complement was extensively activated in inflamed tissues of AOM/DSS-induced murine CRC model, leading to multifaceted consequences. The deficiency of complement C5 or especially C5ar1, but not C3 almost completely prevented CRC tumorigenesis. C5a/C5aR1 signaling recruited MDSCs into the inflamed colorectum to impair CD8+ T cells, and modulated the production of critical cytokines and chemokines, thus initiating CRC. Moreover, the C5aR1 antagonist PMX205 strongly impeded colorectal tumorigenesis. Bone marrow transplantation further revealed that C5aR1 expression by immune cells was critical for colorectal tumorigenesis. Conclusion: Our study identifies C5a/C5aR1 signaling as a vital immunomodulatory program in CRC tumorigenesis and suggests a feasible preventive strategy.
GEHEP 010 study: Prevalence and distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes in Spain (2000–2016)
Authors: Antonio Aguilera, Rocío Trastoy, Francisco Rodríguez-Frias, Juan Luis Muñoz-Bellido, Santiago Melón, Avelina Suárez, Antonio Orduña, Isabel Viciana, Samuel Bernal, Silvia García-Bujalance, Natalia Montiel, José Manuel Molina, Miren Basaras, Felipe Fernández-Cuenca, Isabel García-Arata, Gabriel Reina, María Dolores Ocete, Ana Fuentes, Daniel Navarro-de la Cruz, Leonardo Nieto, Ana Blazquez de Castro, María Buti, Marta Álvarez, Federico García
Journal: Journal of Infection (2020)
THU0260 Rheumatic diseases as a reason of physician office visits (pov) compared to other major disease groups (mdg) in urban, suburban and rural greek population
Authors: S Aslanides, A Andrianakos, E Kaskani, Z Nikolia, E Vafiadou, K Pantelidou, G Kaziolas, P Krachtis, L Kontelis, D Karamitsos, F Christogiannis, P Dandis
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> <h3>Objectives</h3> The estimation of patient POV rate because of RD or any other MDG was one of the aims of a population-based epidemiological study of RD in Greece (ESORDIG study). <h3>Methods</h3> This community based study was conducted from 1996 to 1999 (3 years) in two urban (U), one suburban (SU) and four rural (R) communities of Greece. All adult (&gt;18 years) residents were included (8,547 subjects), along with 2,100 randomly selected subjects of 1 SU (1:3) and 1 R (1:2) communities. The study was performed by sixteen rheumatologists; 8,740 subjects were included (out of a total of 10,647, response rate 82.1%). The study included a detailed interview based on a standardised questionnaire. Established classification criteria (ECC) were used for the diagnosis of RD, while, for the purpose of the study, such criteria were set for RD without ECC. The questionnaire included distinct questions about POV due to any disorder two weeks prior to the interview. <h3>Results</h3> The POV rate for RD was 2.7% in the general population (GP), higher in women (3.1%) than in men (2.2%, p &lt; 0.005); the highest POV rate was observed in the 49–58 year-group. The overall POV rate due to any disorder was 13.3% in GP; RD were the most common reason (19.9%), followed by cardiovascular diseases (CVD, 19.1%), respiratory diseases (ReD, 13.6%), and endocrine-metabolic diseases (12.5%). Analyses for age and sex showed that in the 29–58 year-groups RD were the most common reason for POV (26.3%), followed by ReD (11.5%), while in the &gt;58 year-groups CVD were the most common (29.1% of POV), followed by RD (16.1%). No differences were observed between communities. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These findings show that RD are the most common reason for POV (1 in 5 visits), mainly in the productively active age groups.
Abstract GMM-037: CARBONIC ANHYDRASE 9 AND TUMOR HYPOXIA ARE ASSOCIATED WITH RECURRENCE AND RESISTANCE IN BRCA1-EXPRESSING HGSOC
Authors: Adam J. Krieg, Shawn Campbell, Paulette Mhawech-Fauceglia, Jeong Youn Lim, Tanja Pejovic
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Tumor hypoxia contributes to poor outcome in multiple cancer types, in part by influencing the expression of DNA repair enzymes. The objective of this study was to examine the possible relationship between Carbonic Anhydrase 9 (CA-IX, an indicator of tumor hypoxia), BRCA1 expression (a potential indicator of competent DNA repair), and patient outcome in epithelial ovarian cancer. BRCA1 and CA-IX were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray of 167 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patient samples, and their respective expression correlated to other biological parameters in all patients. The correlations between BRCA1 and CA-IX expression, and clinical outcome were determined in the High Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma (HGSOC) samples (N = 101) on the array using Spearman's correlation and log-rank (Mantel-Cox) tests. Elevated expression of BRCA1 strongly correlated with shorter intervals for disease recurrence and mortality (median time to recurrence = 1.05 yrs vs 1.94 yrs, P &amp;lt;0.001; median time to mortality: 2.01 yrs vs 4.72 yrs, P &amp;lt;0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between CA-IX and BRCA1 expression (Spearman's r = 0.486, P &amp;lt; 0.001). CA-IX expression was significantly associated with recurrence-free survival (restricted to first 1500 days, P &amp;lt;0.01). When patients were stratified by BRCA1 expression, co-expression of CA-IX and BRCA1 correlated with the shortest recurrence-free interval (P &amp;lt;0.05). In complementary in vitro studies, exposure of multiple BRCA1-wild-type cell lines to hypoxia (1% O2, mimicking general tumor hypoxia) had only a minimal effect on BRCA1 expression. Additionally, in MTT viability assays, application of the hypoxia-activated pro-drug TH-302 preferentially killed cells in 1% O2 compared to standard conditions (21% O2). In contrast, the PARP inhibitor olaparib was 2-5 times less effective in hypoxic conditions than in standard growth conditions, suggesting that tumor hypoxia promotes a more resistant phenotype. CONCLUSION: The co-expression of CA-IX and BRCA1 may be a useful prognostic indicator for rapid recurrence in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Dissecting the mechanisms regulating therapeutic resistance in hypoxic ovarian cancer cells could lead to more effective treatment options for HGSOC patients. Citation Format: Adam J. Krieg, Shawn Campbell, Paulette Mhawech-Fauceglia, Jeong Youn Lim, Tanja Pejovic. CARBONIC ANHYDRASE 9 AND TUMOR HYPOXIA ARE ASSOCIATED WITH RECURRENCE AND RESISTANCE IN BRCA1-EXPRESSING HGSOC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 13-15, 2018; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2019;25(22 Suppl):Abstract nr GMM-037.
Diet-refractory NASH in an elderly woman
Authors: Paul Manka, Hideo A Baba, Heiner Wedemeyer, Alisan Kahraman
Journal: Gut (2020)

Here we report a case of a 68-year-old woman who presented to our centre for further evaluation of elevated liver function tests (LFTs). She reported a 20-year history of elevated liver enzymes. She had known dyslipidaemia (low-density lipoproteincholesterol of 232 mg/dL) and was treated with atorvastatin and ezetimibe. Diabetes and cardiovascular events were not reported. Family history was suspected as a factor as her father died due to heart attack and also had a history of elevated LFTs; her brother died due to cryptic cirrhosis. The patient underwent multiple liver biopsies in several liver centres (1996, 1999, 2003 and 2008). Histology results similarly demonstrated microvesicular fatty liver with minimal fibrosis. In line with the patient’s metabolic profile, her case was treated as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related although histological …
A study from The Mayo Clinic evaluated long-term outcomes of kidney transplantation in patients with immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis
Authors: Cihan Heybeli, Andrew Bentall, Jiqiu Wen, Mariam Priya Alexander, Francis K. Buadi, Fernando G. Cosio, Patrick G. Dean, Angela Dispenzieri, David Dingli, Mireille El Ters, Morie A. Gertz, Hatem Amer, Prashant Kapoor, Hasan Khamash, Taxiarchis Kourelis, Shaji Kumar, Elizabeth C. Lorenz, Martin Mai, Eli Muchtar, David L. Murray, Mikel Prieto, Carrie A. Schinstock, Mark D. Stegall, Rahma Warsame, Nelson Leung
Journal: Kidney International (2020)
Everolimus-Eluting Stent Versus Sirolimus- and Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents in Real-Life Practice: Pooled Analysis From the XAMI, COMPARE and APPENDIX-AMI Trials
Authors: Velders, P.C. Smits, S.H. Hofma, E. Kedhi, J. Brouwer, de Vries, , C.J., M. Quere, E. Kolkman, M.L. Bots, A.J. van boven
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
THU0050 Novel description of functional chemokine receptors on fibroblast like synoviocites
Authors: R Garcia-Vicuña, D Sancho, A Ortiz-García, E Tomero-Muriel, JM Alvaro-Gracia, I González-Alvaro, MV Gómez Gaviro, F Díaz-González
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> The relevance of chemokines (CK) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been mainly focused on their chemotactic properties to direct selective migration of leukocytes. However, demonstration of chemokine receptors (CKR) on various non-haematopoietic cells is expanding the knowledge of their roles in biology. <h3>Objectives</h3> To explore the presence of CKR and their functional status on cultured fibroblast-like-synoviocytes (FLS) obtained from synovial tissues of RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. <h3>Methods</h3> <h3>Results</h3> Flow cytometry analysis with monoclonal antibodies detected expression of CCR2 (MCP-1,2,3 R) on 28 ± 11% FLS, and yielded a wide range of expression of CCR5 (MIP-1a, -1b, RANTES R), CXCR4 (SDF-1a R) and CXCR3 (IP-10, Mig R) on FLS (8–18%) both from RA and OA. CXCR4 mRNA and, to a lower extent, CCR2 mRNA, were detected by RNAse protection assays on RA FLS. To assess the functional ability of these CKR in response to putative ligands we performed assays of CKR engagement that typically lead to pertussis toxin-sensitive PLC activation. After stimulation with CK, FURAred-loaded FLS were screened for changes in cytosolic calcium concentration by measuring related fluorescence changes in a FACScan. SDF-1a induced a significant cytosolic calcium influx, as did positive control stimulation with calcium ionofore A23187. A consistent effect from IP-10 or MCP-1 was not detected. Assays of synoviocyte chemotaxis using two-compartment trans wells showed significant increments in FLS transmigration induced by SDF-1a (224 ± 134%, p &lt; 0,05) and IP-10 (252 ± 31%, p &lt; 0,05) compared to MCP-1, RANTES, MIP-1b or unstimulated FLS (100%). This enhanced migration could be inhibited in the presence of pertussis toxin (57–77% inhibition). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This is, to our knowledge, the first description of the presence of CKR on FLS, notably CXCR4. Our data demonstrate that these receptors are functional as it is shown by CK promotion of both calcium movilization and cell migration. As occurs with leukocytes, CKR could guide synoviocytes through the tissue, likely following a hierarchy of chemotactic signals and therefore, CK might enhance invasive properties of pannus FLS into the cartilage and bone.
Upregulation of CD63 in basophils of hymenoptera venom-allergic patients by recombinant insect cell-expressed allergens
Authors: L Cifuentes, L Balzer, S Blank, H Seismann, M Mempel, U Darsow, J Ring, I Braren, R Bredehorst, E Spillner, M Ollert
Journal: Allergy (2010)
AB0719 CLINICAL FEATURES OF PATIENTS WITH ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS AND SECONDARY AA-AMYLOIDOSIS
Authors: D. Rumiantceva, E. Agafonova, S. Krasnenko, M. Podryadnova, A. Starkova, M. Urumova, S. Erdes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: Secondary AA-amyloidosis is one of the most serious complications of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Better knowledge of specific to secondary AA-amyloidosis clinical features is important for improving further management of these patients. Objectives: To conduct a comparative analysis of AS patients with and without secondary AA-amyloidosis. Methods: The study included 220 AS patients (according to modified New York criteria) without amyloidosis - Group 1, and 9 AS patients with histologically confirmed secondary AA-amyloidosis – Group 2. Results: Table 1 presents the comparative characteristics of Group 1 and Group 2 patients. Both groups were comparable in terms of patients’ age, rates of HLA B27 positivity, presence of enthesitis, uveitis, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and psoriasis on assessment. Group 2 patients tended to be younger at AS onset, while shorter disease duration and fewer male patients were established for Group 1. Group 2 had higher rates of extra-spinal AS manifestations, such as arthritis and coxitis. It should be noted that all AS patients with secondary AA-amyloidosis were males, with clinically manifest arthritis, involving hip joints, and AS onset in the childhood in 8 out of 9 cases. Table 1. Comparative characteristics of Group 1 and Group 2 AS patients. Group 1 (n=220) Group 2 (n=9) р Mean age, M±α, y. 35,1±9,5 40,1±8,6 &gt;0.05 Mean age at the onset, M±α, y. 29,9±9,6 13,4±7,5 &lt;0.05 Mean disease duration, M±α, y. 6,9±5,6 26,3±6,5 &lt;0.05 Men, n (%) 162 (73,6%) 9 (100%) &lt;0.05 HLA B27, n (%) 202 (91,8%) 9 (100%) &gt;0.05 Arthritis, n (%) 182 (82,7%) 9 (100%) &lt;0.05 Coxitis, n (%) 119 (54,0%) 9 (100%) &lt;0.05 Enthesitis, n (%) 105 (47,7%) 7 (78%) &gt;0.05 Uveitis, n (%) 52 (23,6%) 4 (44,4%) &gt;0.05 IBD, n (%) 5 (2,2%) 0 &gt;0.05 Psoriasis, n (%) 24 (10,9%) 0 &gt;0.05 Conclusion: Patients with AS and secondary AA amyloidosis are predominantly of male gender, who usually get sick in childhood, have 100% HLA-B27 positivity, peripheral arthritis, and coxitis. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Providing Direct Acting Antiviral Therapy in Primary Care Increases Treatment Uptake: Results from the Prime Study, a Randomized Controlled Trial, Comparing the Hepatitis C Care Cascade in Primary Care Versus Tertiary Care.
Authors: Amanda Wade, Joseph Doyle, Edward J Gane, Catherine A Stedman, Bridget Draper, David M Iser, Stuart Keith Roberts, William W Kemp, Dennis Petrie, Nick Scott, Peter Higgs, Paul A Agius, Janine J Roney, Lisa Stothers, Alexander Jv Thompson, Margaret E Hellard
Journal: Hepatology (2018)
AB0501 THREE CASES OF VERTEBRAL ARTERITIS IDENTIFIED ON FDG-PET IN PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED GCA AT UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON HOSPITAL (UCLH)
Authors: D. Ludwig, M. Naja, S. Voo, V. Morris
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) may affect both cranial and extra-cranial vessels; where the latter occurs, it can be termed large-vessel GCA (LV-GCA). Large vessel involvement is common: histological evidence has been seen in 80% of autopsies of patients with known GCA, and imaging studies suggest large vessel involvement in over 80% 1 . LV-GCA is important to diagnose due to the risks of vascular complications such as occlusion and ischaemic stroke. The clinical diagnosis can be challenging, and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) GCA classification criteria often underperform in cases of LV-GCA 1 . F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) has been found to be useful in the detection of extra-cranial involvement to support the diagnosis of LV-GCA. 2 Objectives: To appreciate the variability in presentation of cases of LV-GCA, and to further characterise a subgroup of patients with vertebral arteritis. To explore the use of FDG-PET imaging in GCA patients in addition to or in place of traditional diagnostic tools (temporal artery ultrasound / biopsy). Methods: Through evaluation of the new GCA fast-track pathway implemented at UCLH, a subgroup of patients diagnosed with vertebral arteritis was identified. The history and presentation of these patients were analysed. Results: Three patients were diagnosed with vertebral arteritis. All three were male, Caucasian and aged over 70. All were investigated for GCA due to a history of severe headache (frontal in one, occipital in one, bi-temporal in one) with associated red flag symptoms. Two had a history of jaw claudication and visual disturbances (unilateral visual loss in one, transient diplopia in the other). Both of these patients had positive temporal artery biopsies. The third patient had no ischaemic symptoms but a strong history of prominent polymyalgic features and a positive temporal artery ultrasound. Inflammatory markers were raised in two, and normal in one, of the patients. Only one had systemic symptoms (weight loss). All three proceeded to FDG-PET scans which showed vertebral arteritis and were commenced on immunosuppressive treatment. Conclusion: The cases discussed illustrate the heterogeneity of the presentation of LV-GCA, and the diagnostic challenge this poses. FDG-PET imaging is useful in confirming extra-cranial involvement and therefore guiding treatment. References: [1] Large-vessel giant cell arteritis: diagnosis, monitoring and management. Matthew J Koster, Eric L Matteson, Kenneth J Warrington. 2018, Rheumatology, Vol. 57, pp. 32-42. [2] EULAR recommendations for the use of imaging in large vessel vasculitis in clinical practice. Dejaco C, Ramiro S, Duftner C, et al. 2018, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, Vol. 77, pp. 636-643. Disclosure of Interests: : None declared
Neoplasia Detection Rate in Barrett’s Esophagus and Its Impact on Missed Dysplasia: Results from a Large Population-Based Database
Authors: Lovekirat Dhaliwal, D. Chamil Codipilly, Parth Gandhi, Michele L. Johnson, Ramona Lansing, Kenneth K. Wang, Cadman L. Leggett, David A. Katzka, Prasad G. Iyer
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)
Lipoproteins and lipids in cardiovascular disease: from mechanistic insights to therapeutic targeting
Authors: Josefin Soppert, Michael Lehrke, Nikolaus Marx, Joachim Jankowski, Heidi Noels
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2020)

With cardiovascular disease being the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, effective and cost-efficient therapies to reduce cardiovascular risk are highly needed. Lipids and lipoprotein particles crucially contribute to atherosclerosis as underlying pathology of cardiovascular disease and influence inflammatory processes as well as function of leukocytes, vascular and cardiac cells, thereby impacting on vessels and heart. Statins form the first-line therapy with the aim to block cholesterol synthesis, but additional lipid-lowering drugs are sometimes needed to achieve low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol target values. Furthermore, beyond LDL cholesterol, also other lipid mediators contribute to cardiovascular risk. This review comprehensively discusses low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein (a), triglycerides as well as fatty acids and derivatives in the context of cardiovascular disease, providing mechanistic insights into their role in pathological processes impacting on cardiovascular disease. Also, an overview of applied as well as emerging therapeutic strategies to reduce lipid-induced cardiovascular burden is provided.