tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intestinal Flora Modulates Blood Pressure by Regulating the Synthesis of Intestinal-Derived Corticosterone in High Salt-Induced Hypertension
Authors: Xuefang Yan, Jiajia Jin, Xinhuan Su, Xianlun Yin, Jing Gao, Xiaowei Wang, Shucui Zhang, Peili Bu, Mansen Wang, Yun Zhang, Zhe Wang, Qunye Zhang
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)

Rationale: High-salt diet is one of the most important risk factors for hypertension. Intestinal flora has been reported to be associated with high salt–induced hypertension (hSIH). However, the detailed roles of intestinal flora in hSIH pathogenesis have not yet been fully elucidated. Objective: To reveal the roles and mechanisms of intestinal flora in hSIH development. Methods and Results: The abovementioned issues were investigated using various techniques including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, untargeted metabolomics, selective bacterial culture, and fecal microbiota transplantation. We found that high-salt diet induced hypertension in Wistar rats. The fecal microbiota of healthy rats could dramatically lower blood pressure (BP) of hypertensive rats, whereas the fecal microbiota of hSIH rats had opposite effects. The composition, metabolism, and interrelationship of intestinal flora in hSIH rats were considerably reshaped, including the increased corticosterone level and reduced Bacteroides and arachidonic acid levels, which tightly correlated with BP. The serum corticosterone level was also significantly increased in rats with hSIH. Furthermore, the above abnormalities were confirmed in patients with hypertension. The intestinal Bacteroides fragilis could inhibit the production of intestinal-derived corticosterone induced by high-salt diet through its metabolite arachidonic acid. Conclusions: hSIH could be transferred by fecal microbiota transplantation, indicating the pivotal roles of intestinal flora in hSIH development. High-salt diet reduced the levels of B fragilis and arachidonic acid in the intestine, which increased intestinal-derived corticosterone production and corticosterone levels in serum and intestine, thereby promoting BP elevation. This study revealed a novel mechanism different from inflammation/immunity by which intestinal flora regulated BP, namely intestinal flora could modulate BP by affecting steroid hormone levels. These findings enriched the understanding of the function of intestinal flora and its effects on hypertension.
Bringing Personalized Medicine to Precision Medicine in Gastroesophageal Cancer
Authors: Joseph Chao, Arnav Mehta, Samuel Jacob Klempner
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Daniel V. T. Catenacci, MD; Leah Chase, BS; Samantha Lomnicki, BS; Theodore Karrison, PhD; Robert de Wilton Marsh, MD; Murtuza M. Rampurwala, MD; Sunil Narula, MD; Lindsay Alpert, MD; Namrata Setia, MD; Shu-Yuan Xiao, MD; John Hart, MD; Uzma D. Siddiqui, MD; Bryan Peterson, BSc; Kelly Moore, BS; Kristin Kipping-Johnson, MPH; Ugne Markevicius, RN; Barbara Gordon, APN; Kenisha Allen, APN; Christine Racette, APN; Steven B. Maron, MD; Chih-Yi Liao, MD; Blase N. Polite, MD; Hedy L. Kindler, MD; Kiran Turaga, MD; Vivek N. Prachand, MD; Kevin K. Roggin, MD; Mark K. Ferguson, MD; Mitchell C. Posner, MD
Deep androgen receptor suppression in prostate cancer exploits sexually dimorphic renal expression for systemic glucocorticoid exposure
Authors: M. Alyamani, J. Li, M. Patel, S. Taylor, F. Nakamura, M. Berk, C. Przybycin, E.M. Posadas, R.A. Madan, J.L. Gulley, B. Rini, J.A. Garcia, E.A. Klein, N. Sharifi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Human Conventional and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Can Originate from Both Lymphoid and Myeloid Progenitors in a New Humanized Mouse System.
Authors: Fumihiko Ishikawa, Tadafumi Iino, Hiroaki Niiro, Shuro Yoshida, Toshihiro Miyamoto, Hirokazu Shigematsu, Leonard D. Shultz, Mine Harada, Koichi Akashi
Journal: Blood (2005)
Taking the difference out of attainment
Authors: Samara Linton
Journal: BMJ (2020)

UK doctors from ethnic minorities don't do as well as white doctors in academic tests and securing the top jobs. Samara Linton looks for solutions "The person who came first in your class, does he have two heads?" Frank Chinegwundoh, consultant urological surgeon at Barts Health NHS Trust in London, laughs, recalling a saying many Nigerians know well. Achievement was not for the exceptional few, he was taught, but for everyone with hard work and opportunity. For many UK medical students and graduates from ethnic minority backgrounds the phrase might ring hollow. Data show that they have consistently poorer academic and job recruitment outcomes than their white peers (box 1).1 Box 1 ### Mapping differential attainmentRETURN TO TEXT
Quorum Regulation via Nested Antagonistic Feedback Circuits Mediated by the Receptors CD28 and CTLA-4 Confers Robustness to T Cell Population Dynamics
Authors: Simon Zenke, Margriet M. Palm, Julia Braun, Alina Gavrilov, Philippa Meiser, Jan P. Böttcher, Niklas Beyersdorf, Stephan Ehl, Audrey Gerard, Tim Lämmermann, Ton N. Schumacher, Joost B. Beltman, Jan C. Rohr
Journal: Immunity (2020)
Single-cell analyses reveal increased intratumoral heterogeneity after the onset of therapy resistance in small-cell lung cancer
Authors: C. Allison Stewart, Carl M. Gay, Yuanxin Xi, Santhosh Sivajothi, V. Sivakamasundari, Junya Fujimoto, Mohan Bolisetty, Patrice M. Hartsfield, Veerakumar Balasubramaniyan, Milind D. Chalishazar, Cesar Moran, Neda Kalhor, John Stewart, Hai Tran, Stephen G. Swisher, Jack A. Roth, Jianjun Zhang, John de Groot, Bonnie Glisson, Trudy G. Oliver, John V. Heymach, Ignacio Wistuba, Paul Robson, Jing Wang, Lauren Averett Byers
Journal: Nature Cancer (2020)
Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak
Authors: Benjamin J Cowling, Gabriel M Leung
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

Preview this article: Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/25/6/eurosurv-25-6-1-1.gif
Robert John Auld Nicol
Authors: Peter Nicol
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Robert John Auld Nicol (“Bob”) trained at St Andrews, where qualifying well was so important to him. For his efforts, he was awarded the medal for best student. His intention was not to be just a doctor, but a good one. He praised his professors and clinicians, especially Adam Patrick, who was professor in medicine, and said that he was the …
Abstract 13803: Integration of Stroke Volume Index Into Clinical Decision Making for Patients With Suspected Severe Aortic Stenosis and Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review of Evidence and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chirag Bavishi, Kiruthika Balasundaram, Edgar Argulian
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: The 2014 ACC/AHA valvular disease guidelines recommend estimation of stroke volume index (SVI) by echocardiography in patients with suspected low-gradient severe aortic stenosis (SAS) and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. We explored the evidence base for this recommendation by comparing the natural history of the disease in subgroups of low gradient aortic stenosis patients with high gradient patients. Methods: Pubmed, Embase and Scopus databases were searched for all studies that have compared natural history of SAS with preserved LVEF in flow-gradient patterns. We studied the following 3 groups: high gradient (HG), low-flow low-gradient (LFLG), and normal-flow low-gradient (NFLG). Random effects model was used to pool individual study results. The end-point was long-term all-cause mortality. Results: A total of 7 studies with 3,954 patients fulfilled the criteria. Compared to HG SAS, both LFLG and NFLG patients had a higher burden of comorbidities such as atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, and hypertension. Also, end-diastolic volume index was smaller for LFLG patients and indexed aortic valve area larger for NFLG patients. All-cause mortality was similar between HG and LFLG groups [Relative risk (RR): 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85 -1.91, p=0.24], while patients with NFLG had significantly lower all-cause mortality compared to HG group [RR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.44-0.89, p=0.009]. Conclusions: Compiled evidence supports using SVI in patients with suspected low gradient SAS. All analyses revealed high heterogeneity and further high-quality studies are necessary.
Best Practices Guideline for the Pathologic Diagnosis of Breast Implant–Associated Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Elaine S. Jaffe, Binita S. Ashar, Mark W. Clemens, Andrew L. Feldman, Philippe Gaulard, Roberto N. Miranda, Aliyah R. Sohani, Timothy Stenzel, Sung W. Yoon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

To provide guidelines for the accurate pathologic diagnosis of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL), the preoperative evaluation of the patient with suspected BIA-ALCL, and the pathologic evaluation of the capsulectomy specimen.To better inform patients and healthcare providers about BIA-ALCL, we convened to review diagnostic procedures used in the evaluation of patients with suspected BIA-ALCL. We focused on the processing of the seroma fluid/effusion surrounding the implant, the handling of capsulectomy specimens following removal of implant(s), and the preoperative evaluation of the patient with suspected BIA-ALCL. Recommendations were based on the published literature and our experience to optimize procedures to obtain an accurate diagnosis and assess for tumor invasion and the extent of the disease.Early diagnosis of BIA-ALCL is important as the disease can progress and deaths have been reported. Because the most common presentation of BIA-ALCL is swelling of the breast with fluid collection, an accurate diagnosis requires cytologic evaluation of the effusion fluid surrounding the affected implant. The first priority is cytocentrifugation and filtration of fresh, unfixed effusion fluid to produce air-dried smears that are stained with Wright-Giemsa or other Romanowsky-type stains. Preparation of a cell block is desirable to allow for hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded histologic sections. Cell block sections can be used for polymerase chain reaction-based investigation of T-cell receptor gene rearrangement to detect clonality. Fixation and mapping of the capsulectomy specimen to select multiple representative sections are advised to assess for microscopic tumor involvement and capsular invasion. It is appropriate to assess lymph node involvement by excisional biopsy material rather than fine needle aspiration, due to propensity for focal involvement.
Annals Story Slam - Voices of Medical Students and Residents: What Can Be Done to Build Trust
Authors: James Wu
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Web Exclusives18 February 2020Annals Story Slam - Voices of Medical Students and Residents: What Can Be Done to Build TrustFREEJames Wu, MDJames Wu, MDUCLA Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California (J.W.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/W20-0016 SectionsAboutVisual Abstract ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Video. Annals Story Slam - Voices of Medical Students and Residents: What Can Be Done to Build Trust "Voices of Medical Students and Residents: What Can Be Done to Build Trust," by James Wu, MD (Duration 4:39)Building on the popular Annals feature “On Being a Doctor,” storytellers share stories about the experience of doctoring on video.For more videos from and information on Annals Story Slam, visit go.annals.org/StorySlam. Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: UCLA Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California (J.W.)Current Author Address: James Wu, MD; e-mail, [email protected]org. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 18 February 2020Volume 172, Issue 4Page: SS1 ePublished: 18 February 2020 Issue Published: 18 February 2020 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2020 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Primary prevention of asthma in high-risk children using HDM SLIT: Assessment at age 6 years
Authors: Cherry Alviani, Graham Roberts, Frances Mitchell, Jane Martin, Zaraquiza Zolkipli, Louise J. Michaelis, Pandurangan Vijayanand, Ramesh Kurukulaaratchy, S. Hasan Arshad
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2020)
Enhanced Prevention of Breast Tumor Metastasis by Nanoparticle‐Delivered Vitamin E in Combination with Interferon‐Gamma
Authors: Yilun Wu, Jianping Liu, Fatemeh Movahedi, Wenyi Gu, Tiefeng Xu, Zhi Ping Xu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Preventing cancer metastasis is one of the remaining challenges in cancer therapy. As an efficient natural product, alpha‐tocopheryl succinate (α‐TOS), the most effective form of vitamin E, holds great anticancer potential. To improve its efficacy and bioavailability, lipid‐coated calcium carbonate/phosphate (LCCP) nanoparticles (NPs) with folic acid and PEG modification are synthesized for efficient delivery of α‐TOS to 4T1 cancer cells. The optimized LCCP‐FA NPs (NP‐TOS15) show an α‐TOS loading efficiency of around 60%, and enhanced uptake by 4T1 metastatic cancer cells. Consequently, NP‐TOS15 significantly enhance the anticancer effect in combination with interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) in terms of apoptosis facilitation and migration inhibition. Importantly, NP‐TOS15 upregulate the anticancer immunity via downregulating program death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression that is initially induced by IFN‐γ, and remarkably prevent the lung metastasis, particularly in combination with IFN‐γ. Further investigation reveals that this combination therapy also modulates the cytotoxic lymphocyte infiltration into the tumor microenvironment for tumor elimination. Taken together, the NP delivery of α‐TOS in combination with IFN‐γ provides an applicable strategy for cancer therapy.
Emerging priorities for HIV service delivery
Authors: Nathan Ford, Elvin Geng, Tom Ellman, Catherine Orrell, Peter Ehrenkranz, Izukanji Sikazwe, Andreas Jahn, Miriam Rabkin, Stephen Ayisi Addo, Anna Grimsrud, Sydney Rosen, Isaac Zulu, William Reidy, Thabo Lejone, Tsitsi Apollo, Charles Holmes, Ana Francisca Kolling, Rosina Phate Lesihla, Huu Hai Nguyen, Baker Bakashaba, Lastone Chitembo, Ghion Tiriste, Meg Doherty, Helen Bygrave
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2020)

Nathan Ford and co-authors discuss global priorities in the provision of HIV prevention and treatment services.
Abstract P4-12-06: Long-term follow-up of patients with invasive breast cancer treated with catheter-based accelerated partial breast irradiation following lumpectomy
Authors: Cynthia Chen, Chi Chi Do-Nguyen, Lisa Poole, Lina Sizer, William B Carter, Thomas G. Frazier
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Introduction: A large number of breast cancer patients who are eligible for breast-conserving therapy (radiation following complete resection via lumpectomy) elect to undergo mastectomy to avoid radiation - with treatment length being the most significant deterrent. The development of accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) tailored treatment to target tissue at greatest risk of recurrence, balancing treatment-associated benefits with radiation exposure risk while shortening therapy duration from 6 weeks to 5 days. This study analyzed rates of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) in patients with invasive breast cancer treated with resection followed by APBI delivered via catheter-based brachytherapy. Methods: Retrospective data was collected on 406 patients with primary invasive breast cancer diagnosed from January 2007 to February 2014, treated with lumpectomy and adjuvant APBI catheter-based brachytherapy. Follow-up data was available for 390 patients (97.5%). Mean and median follow-up were 80.9 and 83.5 months respectively. 193 patients (49.4%) had at least 7 years of follow-up. Results: 21 patients (5.4%) were found to have an IBTR. Of these patients, 14 (66.7%) experienced an IBTR in the same quadrant as their index cancer. 7 patients (33.3%) experienced an IBTR in a different quadrant. Only one patient (4.8%) experienced an IBTR within the first two years after conclusion of their primary treatment. Of the entire cohort, 7 patients (1.8%) were found to have a metastatic recurrence (one which occurred within the first two years after primary treatment) and 7 patients (1.8%) experienced new primary cancers diagnosed in their contralateral breasts. Conclusion: The results of this investigation demonstrate catheter-based brachytherapy APBI delivered after breast-conserving surgery carries a relatively low risk for IBTR in patients with invasive breast cancer. We support its' use as an effective and valid alternative for selected early breast cancer patients desiring a significantly shorter, more convenient course of treatment in the adjuvant setting without increased risk of recurrence. Citation Format: Cynthia Chen, Chi Chi Do-Nguyen, Lisa Poole, Lina Sizer, William B Carter, Thomas G. Frazier. Long-term follow-up of patients with invasive breast cancer treated with catheter-based accelerated partial breast irradiation following lumpectomy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-12-06.
Primary Paravertebral Germ Cell Tumor Demonstrated by FDG PET/CT
Authors: Rang Wang, Minggang Su, Rong Tian
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Extragonadal germ cell tumors are rare. Most of these tumors occur in the anterior mediastinum, retroperitoneum, pineal gland, or suprasellar region. Here, we present a case of a 29-year-old man with a paravertebral mass to the right of the T8 and T9 vertebral bodies on MRI and FDG PET/CT. The lesion exhibited intense FDG uptake and invaded the adjacent rib. Postoperative pathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of a germ cell tumor. This case cautions us that extragonadal germ cell tumors should be in the differential diagnostic spectrum of paravertebral lesions.
Increased islet antigen–specific regulatory and effector CD4 <sup>+</sup> T cells in healthy individuals with the type 1 diabetes–protective haplotype
Authors: Xiaomin Wen, Junbao Yang, Eddie James, I-Ting Chow, Helena Reijonen, William W. Kwok
Journal: Science Immunology (2020)

The DRB1*15:01-DQB1*06:02 (DR1501-DQ6) haplotype is linked to dominant protection from type 1 diabetes, but the cellular mechanism for this association is unclear. To address this question, we identified multiple DR1501- and DQ6-restricted glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) and islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein (IGRP)-specific T cell epitopes. Three of the DR1501/DQ6-restricted epitopes identified were previously reported to be restricted by DRB1*04:01/DRB1*03:01/DQB1*03:02. We also used specific class II tetramer reagents to assess T cell frequencies. Our results indicated that GAD65- and IGRP-specific effector and CD25+CD127-FOXP3+ regulatory CD4+ T cells were present at higher frequencies in individuals with the protective haplotype than those with susceptible or neutral haplotypes. We further confirmed higher frequencies of islet antigen-specific effector and regulatory CD4+ T cells in DR1501-DQ6 individuals through a CD154/CD137 up-regulation assay. DR1501-restricted effector T cells were capable of producing interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) but were more likely to produce IL-10 compared with effectors from individuals with susceptible haplotypes. To evaluate their capacity for antigen-specific regulatory activity, we cloned GAD65 and IGRP epitope-specific regulatory T cells. We showed that these regulatory T cells suppressed DR1501-restricted GAD65- and IGRP-specific effectors and DQB1*03:02-restricted GAD65-specific effectors in an antigen-specific fashion. In total, these results suggest that the protective DR1501-DQ6 haplotype confers protection through increased frequencies of islet-specific IL-10-producing T effectors and CD25+CD127-FOXP3+ regulatory T cells.
Abstract P4-17-06: Treatment strategies in male breast cancer: Results of a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Holm Eggemann, Cosima Brucker, Susen Schirrmeister, Uta Ringsdorf, Doris Augustin, Michael Schrauder, Marc Thill, Felix Flock, Susanne Kraudelt, Gabriele Gad, Anke Kleine-Tebbe, Mattea Reinisch, Serban- Dan Costa, Atanas Ignatov
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Background. In this prospective analysis, we aimed to characterize the treatment opinions on male breast cancer (MBC). Patients and methods. In this prospective cohort study we included patients treated between May2009 and June 2018 for MBC. Results. The median follow-up was 30 months (range 2-84 months) and the median age at diagnosis was 69 years (range 27-96 years). Radical mastectomy was performed in 354 (96.2%) cases. Most (n=194, 52.9%) patients underwent sentinel-node biopsy (SNB). However, the vast majority of patients with clinical and sonographic suspicious axillary lymph nodes (n=72, 81.8%) underwent ALND. Adjuvant radiation of chest wall post mastectomy or of the breast post breast conserving surgery was performed in 193 (51.9%) patients. Systemic therapy was administered to 155 (41.0%) patients, and was administered predominantly in the adjuvant setting. Most common was anthracycline-taxane-based therapy. Of patients with HER2 (n=43) overexpressing tumors, 29 (67.4%) received trastuzumab. Adjuvant endocrine therapy was administered to 92.3% of patients, predominantly tamoxifen. Important decision criteria for adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy were advanced stage of disease, lymph node metastases, undifferentiated tumors, lymph- and blood vessel invasion. During the follow up period 609 cycles of chemotherapy were administered (median 6 cycles per person). Haematological and non-haematological toxic effects were observed in 68 (16.4%) and 57 (53.3%) patients, respectively. Grade 3 and 4 haematological events were rare. The most common was neutropenia in 17 (15.8%) and febrile neutropenia in 10 (9.3%) cases. Nausea and vomiting were the most commonly observed grade 3 and 4 non-haematological adverse events observed in 7 (4.6%) cases. Endocrine therapy was discontinued in 53 (16.2%) patients and chemotherapy in 25 (16.1%) cases. Conclusions. In this large prospective study, we found that MBC is treated according to current guidelines and treatment seems to be not inferior in comparison with that treatment of FBC. Citation Format: Holm Eggemann, Cosima Brucker, Susen Schirrmeister, Uta Ringsdorf, Doris Augustin, Michael Schrauder, Marc Thill, Felix Flock, Susanne Kraudelt, Gabriele Gad, Anke Kleine-Tebbe, Mattea Reinisch, Serban- Dan Costa, Atanas Ignatov. Treatment strategies in male breast cancer: Results of a prospective multicenter study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-17-06.
2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol: Executive Summary
Authors: Scott M. Grundy, Neil J. Stone, Alison L. Bailey, Craig Beam, Kim K. Birtcher, Roger S. Blumenthal, Lynne T. Braun, Sarah de Ferranti, Joseph Faiella-Tommasino, Daniel E. Forman, Ronald Goldberg, Paul A. Heidenreich, Mark A. Hlatky, Daniel W. Jones, Donald Lloyd-Jones, Nuria Lopez-Pajares, Chiadi E. Ndumele, Carl E. Orringer, Carmen A. Peralta, Joseph J. Saseen, Sidney C. Smith, Laurence Sperling, Salim S. Virani, Joseph Yeboah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)