tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract ES6-2: Alternative practical models for genetic services in the era of increased demand
Authors: BAA Arun
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Despite known treatment and prevention benefits, studies have reported that less than 50% of individuals who would be appropriate candidates for consideration of BRCA1/2 genetic testing actually are referred and undergo testing. Many mutations remain undetected leading to suboptimal recommendations regarding screening for patients. Furthermore, as a consequence, at-risk family members do not undergo predictive (“cascade”) testing. There are several potential strategies to identify individuals for genetic referrals and increase testing. One important approach is the increase awareness amongst healthcare providers. The 2019 USPSTF recommends that primary care providers screen women who have family members with breast, ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancer with one of several screening tools designed to identify a family history that may be associated with an increased risk for potentially harmful mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes (BRCA1 or BRCA2). Using different and/or simplified screening tools in breast imaging settings for example have shown to be feasible in identifying such individuals. Studies implementing this approach in other primary care settings are ongoing. The next step in increasing genetic testing include identification of new strategies for genetic counseling and testing. Traditionally, genetic counseling has been delivered in in-person visits with the genetic counselor. However, genetic testing has become more complex due to expanding testing indications and the addition of multiple genes in testing panels. To respond to this increasing demand, new delivery models are now being implemented; such as using technology for remote genetic counseling, such as telegentic counseling, web-based counseling, or pre test video counseling (without genetic counselor) followed by back-end genetic counseling with a counselor for mutation positive individuals. Further studies are needed to understand optimal process flow in different clinical settings. Citation Format: BAA Arun. Alternative practical models for genetic services in the era of increased demand [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr ES6-2.
Erratum: Corrigendum: A viral strategy for targeting and manipulating interneurons across vertebrate species
Authors: Jordane Dimidschstein, Qian Chen, Robin Tremblay, Stephanie L Rogers, Giuseppe-Antonio Saldi, Lihua Guo, Qing Xu, Runpeng Liu, Congyi Lu, Jianhua Chu, Michael C Avery, Mohammad S Rashid, Myungin Baek, Amanda L Jacob, Gordon B Smith, Daniel E Wilson, Georg Kosche, Illya Kruglikov, Tomasz Rusielewicz, Vibhakar C Kotak, Todd M Mowery, Stewart A Anderson, Edward M Callaway, Jeremy S Dasen, David Fitzpatrick, Valentina Fossati, Michael A Long, Scott Noggle, John H Reynolds, Dan H Sanes, Bernardo Rudy, Guoping Feng, Gord Fishell
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2017)
Global disparities in faecal microbiota transplantation research
Authors: Scott W Olesen, Pratik Panchal, Justin Chen, Shrish Budree, Majdi Osman
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2020)

Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is recommended therapy for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection in adult and paediatric patients 1 McDonald LC Gerding DN Johnson S et al. Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults and children: 2017 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA). Clin Infect Dis. 2018; 66: e1-48 Crossref PubMed Scopus (806) Google Scholar and is being explored as treatment for a growing range of microbiome-mediated diseases. 2 Allegretti JR Mullish BH Kelly C Fischer M The evolution of the use of faecal microbiota transplantation and emerging therapeutic indications. Lancet. 2019; 394: 420-431 Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (95) Google Scholar Although microbiome-based therapies could play a key role in global health, 3 Porras AM Brito IL The internationalization of human microbiome research. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2019; 50: 50-55 Crossref PubMed Scopus (10) Google Scholar , 4 Rogers GB Ward J Brown A Wesselingh SL Inclusivity and equity in human microbiome research. Lancet. 2019; 393: 728-729 Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (7) Google Scholar global FMT research remains inequitably distributed.
Duplications and Functional Convergence of Intestinal Carbohydrate-Digesting Enzymes
Authors: Antonio Brun, Daniel Mendez-Aranda, Melisa E Magallanes, William H Karasov, Carlos Martínez del Rio, Maude W Baldwin, Enrique Caviedes-Vidal
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2020)

Vertebrate diets and digestive physiologies vary tremendously. Although the contribution of ecological and behavioral features to such diversity is well documented, the roles and identities of individual intestinal enzymes shaping digestive traits remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that the sucrase-isomaltase (SI)/maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) dual enzyme system long assumed to be the conserved disaccharide and starch digestion framework in all vertebrates is absent in many lineages. Our analyses indicate that independent duplications of an ancestral SI gave rise to the mammalian-specific MGAM, as well as to other duplicates in fish and birds. Strikingly, the duplicated avian enzyme exhibits similar activities to MGAM, revealing an unexpected case of functional convergence. Our results highlight digestive enzyme variation as a key uncharacterized component of dietary diversity in vertebrates.
Abstract 10868: Prospective Study on the Incidence of Brain Injury After On- and Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Hitoshi Tachibana, Arudo Hiraoka, Atsuhisa Ishida, Kentaro tamura, Toshinori Totsugawa, Genta Chikazawa, Hidenori Yoshitaka, Taichi Sakaguchi
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Whether or not an off-pump technique reduces the risk of brain injury after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence o...
Abstract P1-17-07: Objective measurement of cognitive impairment in breast cancer survivors who received chemotherapy with the use of novel computerized testing
Authors: Manasi M Godbole, Mukul Singal, Reina Benabou, Iqra Choudary, Mehul P Patel
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. With early detection and advancement in treatment, majority of women diagnosed with breast cancer will be cured. Some of these breast cancer survivors report Cognitive Impairment (CI) also known as “chemo-brain” or “mental fog”, especially those who have received chemotherapy. Few studies using functional neuroimaging have been conducted to foresee possible neurological alterations that could be linked to CI but research in this area remains in its early stages. Cognivue ® is an FDA cleared medical device that helps in assessment of cognitive dysfunction using novel computerized technology and is reported to be useful in detecting early stages of CI. Methods: We conducted a pilot study at the Lipson Cancer Institute/Rochester General Hospital for evaluation of CI in patients with breast cancer who received curative chemotherapy within the last 12 months of enrollment and self-reported CI. We enrolled 23 female patients between ages 19 and 90 years. Patients were subjected to Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and St. Louis University Mental Status examination (SLUMS) as well as Cognivue ® testing. MMSE and SLUMS were scored according to scoring range guidance and digital data was obtained from the Cognivue® software. Analysis was performed using correlations of numeric data, ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc tests for categorical data, and Positive/Negative Percent Agreement (PPA/NPA) analysis for comparison of all cognitive testing methods. Results: Cognivue ® provides higher sensitivity to evaluate CI than MMSE and SLUMS, mainly in detecting earlier stages of CI. The cognitive domains most affected were executive function, abstraction and memory. There was a statistically significant correlation between Cognivue/CI score and duration of chemotherapy (p = 0.02). Age, type of chemotherapy or hormonal status of breast cancer were not significantly related with CI. Conclusions: Cognivue appears to be beneficial in its ability to detect CI in breast cancer patients. Specifically, detection of impairment in executive function domain could be predictive of daily life activity issues in such patients post-chemotherapy. This study also provides a possibility of detecting early cognitive dysfunction as well as the potential to develop a predictive algorithm of early intervention strategies for better patient outcomes. Citation Format: Manasi M Godbole, Mukul Singal, Reina Benabou, Iqra Choudary, Mehul P Patel. Objective measurement of cognitive impairment in breast cancer survivors who received chemotherapy with the use of novel computerized testing [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-17-07.
Bilirubin enhances the activity of ASIC channels to exacerbate neurotoxicity in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in mice
Authors: Ke Lai, Xing-Lei Song, Hao-Song Shi, Xin Qi, Chun-Yan Li, Jia Fang, Fan Wang, Oleksandr Maximyuk, Oleg Krishtal, Tian-Le Xu, Xiao-Yan Li, Kun Ni, Wan-Peng Li, Hai-Bo Shi, Lu-Yang Wang, Shan-Kai Yin
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2020)

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common clinical condition that can lead to brain encephalopathy, particularly when concurrent with acidosis due to infection, ischemia, and hypoxia. The prevailing view is that acidosis increases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to bilirubin and exacerbates its neurotoxicity. In this study, we found that the concentration of the cell death marker, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is elevated in infants with both hyperbilirubinemia and acidosis and showed stronger correlation with the severity of acidosis rather than increased bilirubin concentration. In mouse neonatal neurons, bilirubin exhibits limited toxicity but robustly potentiates the activity of acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), resulting in increases in intracellular Ca
Choosing the Best Blood Pressure Target for Vasopressor Therapy
Authors: John C. Marshall
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Endothelial Leukocyte Cell–Derived Chemotaxin 2/Tyrosine Kinase With Immunoglobulin‐Like and Epidermal Growth Factor–Like Domains 1 Signaling in Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Tingting Su, Yasuko Iwakiri
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

Su, Tingting M.D., Ph.D.; Iwakiri, Yasuko Ph.D.Editor(s): Corey, Kathleen E.2; Malhi, Harmeet3 Author Information
Platelet glycoprotein VI promotes metastasis through interaction with cancer cell-derived Galectin-3
Authors: Elmina Mammadova-Bach, Jesus Gil-Pulido, Edita Sarukhanyan, Philipp Burkard, Sergey Shityakov, Charlotte Schonhart, David Stegner, Katharina Remer, Paquita Nurden, Alan T. Nurden, Thomas Dandekar, Laszlo Nehez, Magdolna Dank, Attila Braun, Diego Mezzano, Scott I Abrams, Bernhard Nieswandt
Journal: Blood (2020)
Clinicopathologic features and clinical outcomes associated with Gleason upgrading from biopsy to radical prostatectomy.
Authors: Sun Mi Yoo, Lillian Werner, Mari Nakabayashi, Christopher Sweeney, Michelle S. Hirsch, Philip W. Kantoff, Mark M Pomerantz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

5056 Background: Gleason score stratifies patients into prognostic categories and is critical in guiding treatment. Previous series indicate that ~25% of patients with low-grade (Gleason ≤6) disease on biopsy are upgraded to higher grade disease upon radical prostatectomy (RP). We sought to characterize the clinical and pathologic variables associated with upgrading and investigate its clinical implications. Methods: 1,469 prostate cancer patients underwent prostate biopsy and RP, were seen at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women’s Hospital (DFCI/BWH), and had tissue specimens reviewed by DFCI/BWH genitourinary pathologists between 1999-2011. Associations between Gleason upgrading and clinical and pathologic variables were assessed using Wilcoxon’s non-parametric test and Fisher’s exact tests. Log rank test was used to assess association between upgrading and time to biochemical recurrence (BCR). Results: Of 1,469 patients, 958 (65%) had biopsy Gleason 6 and 511 (35%) had biopsy Gleason 7. Among individuals with biopsy Gleason 6, 336 (35%) were upgraded to Gleason ≥7 upon RP (275 3+4 and 49 4+3) while 622 (65%) remained Gleason 6 at RP. Variables associated with increased risk of upgrading: greater PSA at diagnosis (p=1x10 -4 ); age &gt;58 (OR=1.62, p &lt; 1x10 -4 ); &gt;1/3 positive biopsy cores (OR=2.1 for 33-50% compared to ≤33%, p &lt; 1x10 -4 ). In this study the number of cores biopsied was not associated with upgrading. Gleason upgrading was also associated with extraprostatic tissue involvement (OR=1.69, p=0.005). Patients upgraded from biopsy Gleason ≤6 to Gleason 7 on RP had a longer time to BCR than those with Gleason 7 on both biopsy and RP, but a shorter time to BCR than those who remained Gleason 6 on RP (adjusted hazard ratio 0.69, 95% CI 0.49-0.98, p=0.03). Conclusions: Gleason upgrading from low-grade to higher grade disease is associated with a higher PSA at diagnosis, older age at diagnosis, and a greater number of positive biopsy cores. Clinically, prostate cancers upgraded from Gleason ≤6 to Gleason 7 appear to behave differently than those who are not upgraded. These results could have implications in determining ideal candidates for active surveillance.
Efficacy and safety of treatment with biologicals (benralizumab, dupilumab and omalizumab) for severe allergic asthma: A systematic review for the EAACI Guidelines ‐ recommendations on the use of biologicals in severe asthma
Authors: Ioana Agache, Claudio Rocha, Jessica Beltran, Yang Song, Margarita Posso, Ivan Solà, Pablo Alonso‐Coello, Cezmi Akdis, Mubeccel Akdis, Giorgio W. Canonica, Thomas Casale, Tomas Chivato, Jonathan Corren, Stefano Del Giacco, Thomas Eiwegger, Davide Firinu, James E. Gern, Eckard Hamelmann, Nicola Hanania, Mika Mäkelä, Irene Hernández Martín, Parameswaran Nair, Liam O'Mahony, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Alberto Papi, Hae‐Sim Park, Luis Pérez de Llano, Santiago Quirce, Joaquin Sastre, Mohamed Shamji, Jurgen Schwarze, Carlos Canelo‐Aybar, Oscar Palomares, Marek Jutel
Journal: Allergy (2020)

Abstract Allergic asthma is a frequent asthma phenotype. Both IgE and type 2 cytokines are increased, with some degree of overlap with other phenotypes. Systematic reviews assessed the efficacy and safety of benralizumab, dupilumab and omalizumab (alphabetical order) vs standard of care for patients with uncontrolled severe allergic asthma. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched to identify RCTs and health economic evaluations, published in English. Critical and important asthma‐related outcomes were evaluated. The risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence were assessed using GRADE. All three biologicals reduced with high certainty the annualized asthma exacerbation rate: benralizumab incidence rate ratios (IRR) 0.63 (95% CI 0.50 − 0.81); dupilumab IRR 0.58 (95%CI 0.47 − 0.73); and omalizumab IRR 0.56 (95%CI 0.42 − 0.73). Benralizumab and dupilumab improved asthma control with high certainty and omalizumab with moderate certainty; however, none reached the minimal important difference (MID). Both benralizumab and omalizumab improved QoL with high certainty, but only omalizumab reached the MID. Omalizumab enabled ICS dose reduction with high certainty. Benralizumab and omalizumab showed an increase in drug‐related adverse events (AEs) with low to moderate certainty. All three biologicals had moderate certainty for an ICER/QALY value above the willingness to pay threshold. There was high certainty that in children 6‐12 years old omalizumab decreased the annualized exacerbation rate [IRR 0.57 (95%CI 0.45‐0.72)], improved QoL [relative risk 1.43 (95%CI 1.12 −1.83)], reduced ICS [mean difference (MD) −0.45 (95% CI −0.58 to −0.32)] and rescue medication use [ MD −0.41 (95%CI −0.66 to −0.15)].
A Phase II Trial of 5-Day Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy for Patients with High-Risk Primary Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Anusha Kalbasi, Mitchell Kamrava, Fang-I Chu, Donatello Telesca, Ritchell Van Dams, Yingli Yang, Dan Ruan, Scott D. Nelson, Sarah M. Dry, Jackie Hernandez, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, Susan V. Bukata, Nicholas M. Bernthal, Michael L. Steinberg, Joanne B. Weidhaas, Fritz C. Eilber
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

In a single-institution phase II study, we evaluated the safety of a 5-day dose-equivalent neoadjuvant radiotherapy (RT) regimen for high-risk primary soft tissue sarcoma.Patients received neoadjuvant RT alone (30 Gy in five fractions) to the primary tumor with standard margins. The primary endpoint was grade ≥2 late-radiation toxicity. Major wound complications, local recurrences, and distant metastases were also examined. In exploratory analysis, we evaluated germline biomarkers for wound toxicity and the effects of the study on treatment utilization.Over 2 years, 52 patients were enrolled with median follow-up of 29 months. Seven of 44 evaluable patients (16%) developed grade ≥2 late toxicity. Major wound complications occurred in 16 of 50 patients (32%); a signature defined by 19 germline SNPs in miRNA-binding sites of immune and DNA damage response genes, in addition to lower extremity tumor location, demonstrated strong predictive performance for major wound complications. Compared with the preceding 2-year period, the number of patients treated with neoadjuvant RT alone at our institution increased 3-fold, with a concomitant increase in the catchment area.A shorter 5-day neoadjuvant RT regimen results in favorable rates of wound complications and grade ≥2 toxicity after 2-year follow-up. Five-day RT significantly increased utilization of neoadjuvant RT at our high-volume sarcoma center. With further validation, a putative germline biomarker for wound complications may guide safer RT utilization.
Low Bone Mineral Density and High Bone Turnover in Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) Who Receive Frontline Therapy: Results of a Multicenter Prospective Study
Authors: Konstantinos Anargyrou, Despina Fotiou, Theodoros P. Vassilakopoulos, Dimitrios Christoulas, Polyzois Makras, Maria Dimou, Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, Stavroula Masouridou, Maria K. Angelopoulou, Athanasios Papatheodorou, Konstantinos Tsionos, Panayiotis Panayiotidis, Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Evangelos Terpos
Journal: HemaSphere (2019)

Abstract Chemotherapy associated osteoporosis is a severe problem in patients with malignant diseases as it increases the risk for fractures and deteriorates quality of life. There are very limited data in the literature for the effect of chemotherapy on bone metabolism of adult patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). We prospectively evaluated bone remodeling pre- and post-chemotherapy in 61 patients with newly diagnosed NHL. First-line chemotherapy resulted in high bone turnover, which led to increased bone loss and reduced bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine (L1-L4) and femur neck (FN). The reduction of L1-L4 and FN BMD post-chemo was more profound in males and in older patients (&gt;55 years). Patients who received 8 cycles of chemotherapy had a greater reduction of L1-L4 and FN BMD as compared to 6 cycles. The administration of chemotherapy also resulted in a dramatic increase of bone resorption markers (CTX and TRACP-5b), bone formation markers, (bALP and Osteocalcin) and of osteoblast regulator Dickkopf-1. During study period, one patient had a pathological fracture in his right FN.
Evaluation of Financial Conflicts of Interest Among Physician‐Authors of American College of Rheumatology Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Cole Wayant, Corbin Walters, Zachary Zaaza, Carrie Gilstrap, Tyler Combs, Hanna Crow, Matt Vassar
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2020)

Objective Clinical practice guidelines ( CPG s) underpin patient care, and ideally authors of these guidelines would be free from outside influence. However, it has been shown many times that authors of professional society CPG s receive large sums of money from industry drug companies, creating financial conflicts of interest. This study investigated industry payments catalogued in the Open Payments Database ( OPD ) that have been received by authors of the American College of Rheumatology ( ACR ) CPG s. Methods Guidelines on the ACR web site that were published during or after August 2014 were used to retrieve the list of authors. All general, research, associated research, and ownership payments reported on the OPD between the date of publication of the CPG and 12 months prior were extracted in a parallel and blinded manner by 2 investigators. Results Of the 89 US ‐based physician‐authors from the 5 ACR CPG s identified within the study timeframe, 56 (62.9%) had received at least 1 payment according to OPD records. These 56 authors had received a median of $522 (interquartile range $119–2,500), which, combined, was a total of $9,728,751. Nineteen authors had received at least 1 industry payment relevant to the CPG recommendations, for a median amount of $748 and a total of $1,961,362 in relevant payments. Of the total relevant payments received, a significant proportion was undisclosed (for ACR CPG s during or after August 2014, undisclosed payments were $699,561, or 35.7% of the total). Conclusion Fewer than one‐half of the US ‐based physician‐authors of ACR CPG s during or after August 2014 had received guideline‐relevant industry payments. Nonetheless, a substantial proportion of the money received was not disclosed. Conflict of interest disclosure is a bare minimum requirement, and more permanent solutions may include divestiture or inclusion of more nonconflicted authors.