tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A revised international prognostic score system for Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia
Authors: Efstathios Kastritis, Pierre Morel, Alain Duhamel, Maria Gavriatopoulou, Marie Christine Kyrtsonis, Eric Durot, Argiris Symeonidis, Kamel Laribi, Evdoxia Hatjiharissi, Loic Ysebaert, Amalia Vassou, Nikolaos Giannakoulas, Giampaolo Merlini, Panagiotis Repousis, Marzia Varettoni, Euridyki Michalis, Bénédicte Hivert, Michalis Michail, Eirini Katodritou, Evangelos Terpos, Veronique Leblond, Meletios A. Dimopoulos
Journal: Leukemia (2019)
Additively Manufactured Multiphasic Bone–Ligament–Bone Scaffold for Scapholunate Interosseous Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Hayman Lui, Randy Bindra, Jeremy Baldwin, Saso Ivanovski, Cedryck Vaquette
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2019)

Abstract The scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) is a frequently torn wrist ligament, and current surgical options for SLIL tears are suboptimal. This research aims to develop a novel multiphasic bone–ligament–bone scaffold (BLB) with a porous interface using 3D‐printing and cell sheet technology for the reconstruction of the dorsal scapholunate interosseous ligament. The BLB comprises two bone compartments bridged by aligned polycaprolactone fibers mimicking the architecture of the native tissue. Mechanical testing of the BLBs shows their ability to withstand physiological forces. Combination of the BLB with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell sheet demonstrates that the harvesting did not compromise cell viability, while allowing homogeneous distribution in the ligament compartment. The BLBs are loaded with cell sheets and bone morphogenetic protein‐2 in the ligament and bone compartment respectively prior to ectopic implantation into athymic rats. The histology demonstrates rapid tissue infiltration, high vascularization, and more importantly the maintenance of the compartmentalization as bone formation remains localized to the bone compartment despite the porous interface. The cells in the ligament compartment become preferentially aligned, and this proof‐of‐concept study demonstrates that the BLB can provide sufficient compartmentalization and fiber guiding properties necessary for the regeneration of the dorsal SLIL.
PREVALENCE OF SMALL BOWEL POLYPS IN PATIENTS WITH ACROMEGALY BY USING CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY
Authors: G Blanco-Velasco, R Palos-Cuellar, OM Solorzano-Pineda, OV Hernandez-Mondragon
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

The prevalence of colonic polyposis is higher in acromegalic patients compared to normal population. Only one study shows an increased prevalence of polyps in small bowel in acromegalic population.
Is Primary Androgen Deprivation Therapy a Suitable Option for Asian Patients With Prostate Cancer Compared With Radical Prostatectomy?
Authors: U-Syn Ha, Jin Bong Choi, Jung Im Shim, Minjoo Kang, Eunjung Park, Shinhee Kang, Jooyeon Park, Jangmi Yang, Insun Choi, Jeonghoon Ahn, Cheol Kwak, Chang Wook Jeong, Choung Soo Kim, Seok-Soo Byun, Seong Il Seo, Hyun Moo Lee, Seung-Ju Lee, Seung Hwan Lee, Byung Ha Chung, Ji Youl Lee
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2019)

We conducted a comparative survival analysis between primary androgen deprivation therapy (PADT) and radical prostatectomy (RP) based on nationwide Korean population data that included all patients with prostate cancer.This study enrolled 4,538 patients with prostate cancer from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database linked with Korean Central Cancer Registry data who were treated with PADT or RP between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2014. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate survival analyses stratified by stage (localized and locally advanced) and age (<75 and ≥75 years) were performed using a Cox proportional hazards model to evaluate treatment effects.Among 18,403 patients from the NHIS database diagnosed with prostate cancer during the study period, 4,538 satisfied inclusion criteria and were included in the analyses. Of these, 3,136 and 1,402 patients underwent RP or received PADT, respectively. Risk of death was significantly increased for patients who received PADT compared with those who underwent RP in the propensity score-matched cohort. In subgroup analyses stratified by stage and age, in every subgroup, patients who received PADT had a significantly increased risk of death compared with those who underwent RP. In particular, a much greater risk was observed for patients with locally advanced prostate cancer.Based on a nationwide survival analysis of nonmetastatic prostate cancer, this study provides valuable clinical implications that favor RP over PDAT for treatment of Asian populations. However, the possibility that survival differences have been overestimated due to not accounting for potential confounding characteristics must be considered.
Response to Comment on “microRNAs in the Same Clusters Evolve to Coordinately Regulate Functionally Related Genes”
Authors: Yirong Wang, Hong Zhang, Jian Lu
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2019)

Metazoan miRNAs are significantly enriched in clusters. In a previous study (Wang, et al. 2016), we proposed a "functional co-adaptation" model to explain how clustering helps new miRNAs survive and develop functions during long-term evolution. Recently, Marco re-analyzed our data and came to a different conclusion. The major concern Marco raised is whether the observed number of genes targeted by at least two conserved miRNAs with different seeds from the same miRNA clusters is statistically higher than the number obtained under the assumption of randomness. Marco claimed that our approach of shuffling miRNA-target interactions would lead to spuriously low P values. Marco also argued our observation that clustered miRNAs have more common targets than expected is mostly contributed by seeds with similar sequences. However, we found his analyses were conducted in an inappropriate approach and do not refute our model. We also provide new evidences to reaffirm our model.
RESULTS OF ENDOSCOPIC BALLOON DILATATION IN PATIENTS WITH GASTRIC OUTLET OBSTRUCTION RELATED TO PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE
Authors: M Medhioub, A Ben Mohamed, A Khsiba, M Mahmoudi, M Lamine Hamzaoui, M Moussadek Azzouz
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Pyloric and bulbar stenosis is a rare complication of peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Surgery has been the conventional treatment, but it is associated with significant morbidity. Endoscopic balloon dilatation (EBD) with medical treatment showed short- and long-term efficacy and safety. The aim of our study was to evaluate the results of the EBD in patients with Pyloric and bulbar stenosis related to PUD and to determine the predictive factors of poor response to EBD.
Performance of a Deep Learning Model vs Human Reviewers in Grading Endoscopic Disease Severity of Patients With Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Ryan W. Stidham, Wenshuo Liu, Shrinivas Bishu, Michael D. Rice, Peter D. R. Higgins, Ji Zhu, Brahmajee K. Nallamothu, Akbar K. Waljee
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

<h3>Importance</h3> Assessing endoscopic disease severity in ulcerative colitis (UC) is a key element in determining therapeutic response, but its use in clinical practice is limited by the requirement for experienced human reviewers. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether deep learning models can grade the endoscopic severity of UC as well as experienced human reviewers. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> In this diagnostic study, retrospective grading of endoscopic images using the 4-level Mayo subscore was performed by 2 independent reviewers with score discrepancies adjudicated by a third reviewer. Using 16 514 images from 3082 patients with UC who underwent colonoscopy at a single tertiary care referral center in the United States between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2017, a 159-layer convolutional neural network (CNN) was constructed as a deep learning model to train and categorize images into 2 clinically relevant groups: remission (Mayo subscore 0 or 1) and moderate to severe disease (Mayo subscore, 2 or 3). Ninety percent of the cohort was used to build the model and 10% was used to test it; the process was repeated 10 times. A set of 30 full-motion colonoscopy videos, unseen by the model, was then used for external validation to mimic real-world application. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Model performance was assessed using area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC), sensitivity and specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Kappa statistics (κ) were used to measure agreement of the CNN relative to adjudicated human reference cores. <h3>Results</h3> The authors included 16 514 images from 3082 unique patients (median [IQR] age, 41.3 [26.1-61.8] years, 1678 [54.4%] female), with 3980 images (24.1%) classified as moderate-to-severe disease by the adjudicated reference score. The CNN was excellent for distinguishing endoscopic remission from moderate-to-severe disease with an AUROC of 0.966 (95% CI, 0.967-0.972); a PPV of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.85-0.88) with a sensitivity of 83.0% (95% CI, 80.8%-85.4%) and specificity of 96.0% (95% CI, 95.1%-97.1%); and NPV of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.93-0.95). Weighted κ agreement between the CNN and the adjudicated reference score was also good for identifying exact Mayo subscores (κ = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.83-0.86) and was similar to the agreement between experienced reviewers (κ = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.85-0.87). Applying the CNN to entire colonoscopy videos had similar accuracy for identifying moderate to severe disease (AUROC, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.963-0.969). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This study found that deep learning model performance was similar to experienced human reviewers in grading endoscopic severity of UC. Given its scalability, this approach could improve the use of colonoscopy for UC in both research and routine practice.
FOCAL MYOSITIS AFTER ENDOSCOPIC MUCOSAL RESECTION OF COLON LST
Authors: JI Yang, H Jeon
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Gastrointestinal endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a procedure to remove early-stage cancer and precancerous growths from the lining of the digestive tract. Post-polypectomy coagulation syndrome, thermal injury, bleeding, perforation, peritonitis, appendicitis could happen after EMR. Myositis following EMR was focused on this study.
ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND GUIDED RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION FOR NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS: A SINGLE CENTER CASE SERIES
Authors: G de Nucci, ED Mandelli, D Redaelli, D Morganti, N Imperatore, R Reati, G Manes
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been used to treat abdominal tumors. Pancreatic tissue is particularly sensitive to external insults, including heat, leading to slower adoption of RFA for pancreatic tumors.RFA provided survival benefit in unresectable pancreatic cancer patients. EUS-guided RFA (EUS-RFA) in the pancreas of animals is feasible, with an acceptable incidence of pancreatitis suggesting its use for managing small pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs), above all the functions pNets such as insulinomas. The EUS-RFA system consists of a 19-gauge needle electrode, generator, and internal cooling system (EUSRA system Taewoong). The needle electrode is passed under EUS guidance into the target lesion avoiding pancreatic/bile duct. The echogenic needle tip is positioned at the far end inside the lesion. The energy delivery (10 watt) was applied when the needle tip of the electrode was visualized within the margin of lesion on EUS.
PROGNOSIS OF ENDOSCOPIC RESECTION IN PATIENT WITH EARLY GASTRIC CANCER WITH UNDIFFERENTIATED TYPE HISTOLOGY
Authors: YW Shin, SW Park, BW Bang, KS Kwon, H Kim
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

In case of early gastric cancer (EGC) with undifferentiated type histology, which did not meet the extended criteria after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), addition of surgical treatment should be recommended. In clinical practice, however, there are many patients who refuse or cannot be performed surgery due to old age and comorbidities. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of recurrence and survival in those patients.
Transcriptional upregulation of p21Cip1 by ErbB2 overexpression through STAT3 activation
Authors: Valerie S. Hawthorne
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

959  Overexpression of receptor tyrosine kisase ErbB2 is prevalent in approximately 30% of human breast carcinomas and confers Taxol resistance. Previous work demonstrates that in breast cancer cells, Taxol induces tubulin polymerization and microtubule formation, inappropriately activates cdc2 kinase causing cells premature entry to G2/M phase of the cell cycle that leads to apoptosis. Overexpression of ErbB2 transcriptionally upregulates p21Cip1 inhibiting cdc2 activation, thus inhibiting apoptosis. The mechanism of ErbB2 mediated p21Cip1 upregulation is unclear. To understand the ErbB2 downstream signaling events leading to p21Cip1 upregulation, various stable ErbB2 overexpressing transfectants were compared with their parental ErbB2-low-expressing cells for activation of ErbB2 downstream signaling events. We found increased phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in ErbB2 overexpressing transfectants while total STAT3 protein levels remain the same. Furthermore, activated STAT3 recognizes an SIE binding site on the p21Cip1 promoter. Binding of STAT3 to this site is involved in p21Cip1 upregulation in an ErbB2 level-dependent manner. A luciferase reporter driven by the 2.4kb p21Cip1 promoter shows higher promoter activity in ErbB2 overexpressing transfectants than in the parental cells. Deletion of the 2.4kb p21Cip1 promoter to 660bp (still containing the STAT3 site) is responsive to ErbB2-mediated transcriptional upregulation. Further deletion to 640bp (deleting the STAT3 site) or a 660bp p21Cip1 promoter with STAT3 binding site mutated renders them irresponsive to ErbB2-mediated transcriptional upregulation, suggesting p21Cip1 promoter activation by ErbB2 requires STAT3. Additionally, transfection of STAT3 antisense led to reduced p21Cip1 protein expression. STAT3 antisense also reduced the luciferase activity driven by the 2.4kb and the 660bp p21Cip1 promoters but had no effect on the 640bp or the 660bp p21Cip1 promoter with STAT3 site mutations. Activation of Src kinase has been suggested in STAT3 activation/phosphorylation. We found that Src kinase is activated in ErbB2 overexpressing transfectants. To see if Src is responsible for ErbB2-mediated STAT3 activation and p21Cip1 upregulation, we established breast cancer cells stably expressing dominant negative Src or constitutively active Src and will investigate STAT3 phosphorylation, p21Cip1 promoter activity in response to ErbB2, and sensitivity to Taxol-induced apoptosis in these cells. Our current data suggest that ErbB2 overexpression can confer Taxol resistance of breast cancer cells by transcriptional upregulation of p21Cip1 via activation of STAT3, suggesting a potential clinical role for STAT3 inhibitors in sensitizing ErbB2 overexpressing breast cancers to Taxol therapy.
Chlorthalidone Is Superior to Potassium Citrate in Reducing Calcium Phosphate Stones and Increasing Bone Quality in Hypercalciuric Stone-Forming Rats
Authors: Nancy S. Krieger, John R. Asplin, Ignacio Granja, Felix M. Ramos, Courtney Flotteron, Luojing Chen, Tong Tong Wu, Marc D. Grynpas, David A. Bushinsky
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2019)

Significance Statement Genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming rats, which universally and spontaneously form calcium phosphate stones, have a pathophysiology resembling that of human idiopathic hypercalciuria. The authors previously demonstrated that chlorthalidone, but not potassium citrate, decreased stone formation in this rat model. In this study, they investigated whether chlorthalidone and potassium citrate combined would reduce calcium phosphate stone formation more than either medication alone. They found that chlorthalidone was more effective than potassium citrate alone or combined with chlorthalidone in reducing stone formation and increasing mechanical strength and bone quality. However, replication of these findings in patients with nephrolithiasis is needed before concluding that chlorthalidone alone is more efficacious in this regard than potassium citrate alone or in combination with chlorthalidone. Background The pathophysiology of genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming rats parallels that of human idiopathic hypercalciuria. In this model, all animals form calcium phosphate stones. We previously found that chlorthalidone, but not potassium citrate, decreased stone formation in these rats. Methods To test whether chlorthalidone and potassium citrate combined would reduce calcium phosphate stone formation more than either medication alone, four groups of rats were fed a fixed amount of a normal calcium and phosphorus diet, supplemented with potassium chloride (as control), potassium citrate, chlorthalidone (with potassium chloride to equalize potassium intake), or potassium citrate plus chlorthalidone. We measured urine every 6 weeks and assessed stone formation and bone quality at 18 weeks. Results Potassium citrate reduced urine calcium compared with controls, chlorthalidone reduced it further, and potassium citrate plus chlorthalidone reduced it even more. Chlorthalidone increased urine citrate and potassium citrate increased it even more; the combination did not increase it further. Potassium citrate, alone or with chlorthalidone, increased urine calcium phosphate supersaturation, but chlorthalidone did not. All control rats formed stones. Potassium citrate did not alter stone formation. No stones formed with chlorthalidone, and rats given potassium citrate plus chlorthalidone had some stones but fewer than controls. Rats given chlorthalidone with or without potassium citrate had higher bone mineral density and better mechanical properties than controls, whereas those given potassium citrate did not. Conclusions In genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming rats, chlorthalidone is superior to potassium citrate alone or combined with chlorthalidone in reducing calcium phosphate stone formation and improving bone quality.
HOW TO AVOID THE RECURRENT DISPLACEMENT OF AN ENTERAL FEEDING TUBE
Authors: J Espinel, ME Pinedo, V Cano
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

The placement of an enteral feeding tube (EFT) by endoscopy can be a challenging procedure because of their displacement when removing the endoscope. In order to avoid it, it is usually employed a forceps to try retaining the tube while removing the endoscope or, by opting for a distal fixation of the probe in the duodenum-jejunum, with clips. We present a case of recurrent displacement of an EFT while removing the endoscope.
Assessment of Validity and Reliability of the 1-Minute Sit-to-Stand Test to Measure the Heart Rate Response to Exercise in Healthy Children
Authors: Gregory Reychler, Nicolas Audag, Natalia Morales Mestre, Gilles Caty
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2019)

This study examines the concurrent validity and reliability of the sit-to-stand test to quantify heart rate response during submaximal exercise in healthy Belgian children.
Capita error led to 130 000 patient records being wrongfully archived
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Capita error led to 130 000 patient records being wrongfully archived Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Prevalence of risk factors for QT prolongation and torsades de pointes among women with HR+/HER2– advanced or metastatic breast cancer treated in real-world settings in Italy and Germany
Authors: N. Harbeck, E.H. Law, M. Ajmera, D. Mitra, K. Davis, S. Brucker, M. De Laurentiis
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

Background: Several cancer treatments available for patients with HR+/HER2- advanced or metastatic breast cancer (ABC/MBC) may be associated with prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc), which may increase the risk of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, such as Torsades de Pointes (TdP). Therefore, identifying risk factors for QTc prolongation is imperative to ensuring safe and effective therapy tailored to individual patients. This interim analysis characterizes QTc/TdP risk among women with HR+/HER2- MBC living in Italy and Germany included in the MARIA registry. Methods: MARIA is an ongoing non-interventional, prospective, multicenter study that includes women in Italy and Germany initiating their first or second therapy in the HR+/HER2- ABC/mBC setting. Comorbidities collected at baseline were examined to identify patients with specific cardiovascular conditions associated with QTc/TdP risk (i.e., myocardial infarction, hypertension, and heart failure). QTc/TdP risk burden was summarized as the proportion of patients with any risk factor (comorbidity or medication), as well as comorbidity and medication risk factors only. Results: A total of 318 patients (mean age 61 [SD 12.3], 94.3% stage IV at enrolment) were included. Of these, 180 (56.6%) patients had at least one risk factor for QTc/TdP. There were 115 (36.2%) patients with at least one risk factor related to comorbidity and 123 (38.7%) patients with at least one medication-related risk factor for QTc/TdP. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that more than half of women with HR+/HER2- mBC enrolled thus far in the MARIA registry had at least one comorbidity or medication associated with increased risk of developing QTc prolongation or TdP. This analysis underscores the need for clinical decision-making that incorporates individual characteristics that may change the benefit-risk profile of cancer related treatments. Legal entity responsible for the study: Pfizer Inc. Funding: Pfizer Inc. Disclosure: N. Harbeck: Honoraria: Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer; Consulting/lectures: Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer. E.H. Law, D. Mitra: Employee, stock ownership: Pfizer. M. Ajmera, K. Davis: Employee: RTI Health Solutions, who were paid consultants to Pfizer in connection with the development of this abstract. M. De Laurentiis: Honoraria: Pfizer, Novartis, Roche, Celgene, AstraZeneca, Eisai, Eli Lilly. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
David Oliver: The stress of sending patients home
Authors: David Oliver
Journal: BMJ (2019)

“Look! It’s that’s bloody doctor who said he could go home.”

I heard those words directed at me in the local supermarket. I was shopping with my wife, and it was said in a threatening way, designed to be overheard, by what sounded like a middle aged man. The experience was unsettling. We left the shop, not looking up to see who’d said it, and to this day I don’t know.

I mentioned this story over dinner to some other senior hospital doctors, who all described similar experiences in hospital corridors or doorways, or in public places during their leisure time.

That same week NHS Digital released national figures, the first in five years, on rates of emergency readmission to hospital within 30 days.1 This followed concerted lobbying from Healthwatch England, which said that transitions from hospital—and the communication processes and aftercare surrounding them—were a consistent …
ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASONOGRAPHY GUIDED RECANALIZATION OF A COMPLETE POSTOPERATIVE RECTOSIGMOID ANASTOMOTIC OBSTRUCTION WITH A LUMEN-APPOSING METAL STENT
Authors: L Mel Jurado, M Vázquez Romero, V Roales Gómez, G Moral Villarejo, J Fisac Vázquez, L Redero Brioso, C Moreno Sanguino, E Rey Díaz-Rubio, JM Esteban López-Jamar
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

To demonstrate that recanalization of a complete postoperative rectosigmoid anastomotic obstruction guided by endoscopic ultrasonography, with a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) is possible.