tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Catherine Hamlin: internationally renowned humanitarian and fistula surgeon
Authors: Barbara Kermode-Scott
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Credit: Kate Geraghty

Thanks to Australian obstetrician and gynaecologist Catherine Hamlin (nee Nicholson), the lives and health of more than 60 000 Ethiopian teenage girls and women, and countless others globally, had much happier outcomes than would otherwise have been the case. Twice nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize (1999 and 2014), Hamlin dedicated six decades of her long life to the prevention and treatment of obstetric fistula. She transformed the lives of poor, rural mothers for whom childbirth had been a disaster. 

Hamlin died in her modest cottage in the compound of the Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital in Ethiopia, a hospital she co-founded in 1974 with her husband, Reginald Hamlin (“Reg”). An honorary (2012) and eminent (2019) citizen of Ethiopia, Catherine died in the home and land she loved, surrounded by the people, patients, and staff that she adored. A gentle, kind, and charismatic woman with a reassuring smile, Catherine was known fondly and simply as emaye or mother in Ethiopia.

Hamlin was born in Ryde, a suburb of Sydney, Australia, to Elinor and Theodore Nicholson. When a resident at Crown Street Women’s Hospital she fell in love with the medical superintendent, Reg. They married on …
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) Cells and Commonly-Used Chemotherapy Drugs Can Induce Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Become Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAF), Leading to Enhanced ALL Proliferation and Treatment Resistance
Authors: Richard J Burt, Aditi Dey, Kenton Cheuk Yan Ng, Bingjie Liu, Teresa Marafioti, Erik Sahai, Adele K Fielding
Journal: Blood (2017)
Mechanochemical Patternable ECM‐Mimetic Hydrogels for Programmed Cell Orientation
Authors: Pedro Lavrador, Vítor M. Gaspar, João F. Mano
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Native human tissues are supported by a viscoelastic extracellular matrix (ECM) that can adapt its intricate network to dynamic mechanical stimuli. To recapitulate the unique ECM biofunctionality, hydrogel design is shifting from typical covalent crosslinks toward covalently adaptable networks. To pursue such properties, herein hybrid polysaccharide‐polypeptide networks are designed based on dynamic covalent assembly inspired by natural ECM crosslinking processes. This is achieved through the synthesis of an amine‐reactive oxidized‐laminarin biopolymer that can readily crosslink with gelatin (oxLAM‐Gelatin) and simultaneously allow cell encapsulation. Interestingly, the rational design of oxLAM‐Gelatin hydrogels with varying aldehyde‐to‐amine ratios enables a refined control over crosslinking kinetics, viscoelastic properties, and degradability profile. The mechanochemical features of these hydrogels post‐crosslinking offer an alternative route for imprinting any intended nano‐ or microtopography in ECM‐mimetic matrices bearing inherent cell‐adhesive motifs. Different patterns are easily paved in oxLAM‐Gelatin under physiological conditions and complex topographical configurations are retained along time. Human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells contacting mechanically sculpted oxLAM‐Gelatin hydrogels sense the underlying surface nanotopography and align parallel to the anisotropic nanoridge/nanogroove intercalating array. These findings demonstrate that covalently adaptable features in ECM‐mimetic networks can be leveraged to combine surface topography and cell‐adhesive motifs as they appear in natural matrices.
Effects of exercise interventions on the functional status of acutely hospitalised older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pedro L. Valenzuela, Javier S. Morales, Adrián Castillo-García, Jennifer Mayordomo-Cava, Antonio García-Hermoso, Mikel Izquierdo, José A. Serra-Rexach, Alejandro Lucia
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2020)
Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk, Hematopoiesis, and Innate Immunity
Authors: Maximilian J. Schloss, Filip K. Swirski, Matthias Nahrendorf
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)

Unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, psychosocial stress, and insufficient sleep are increasingly prevalent modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence indicates that these risk factors may fuel chronic inflammatory processes that are active in atherosclerosis and lead to myocardial infarction and stroke. In concert with hyperlipidemia, maladaptive immune system activities can contribute to disease progression and increase the probability of adverse events. In this review, we discuss recent insight into how the above modifiable risk factors influence innate immunity. Specifically, we focus on pathways that raise systemic myeloid cell numbers and modulate immune cell phenotypes, reviewing hematopoiesis, leukocyte trafficking, and innate immune cell accumulation in cardiovascular organs. Often, relevant mechanisms that begin with lifestyle choices and lead to cardiovascular events span multiple organ systems, including the central nervous, endocrine, metabolic, hematopoietic, immune and, finally, the cardiovascular system. We argue that deciphering such pathways provides not only support for preventive interventions but also opportunities to develop biomimetic immunomodulatory therapeutics that mitigate cardiovascular inflammation.
Incisional hernia after liver transplantation: Risk factors, management strategies and long-term outcomes of a cohort study
Authors: Heidy Cos, Ola Ahmed, Sandra Garcia-Aroz, Neeta Vachharajani, Surendra Shenoy, Jason R. Wellen, Maria MB. Doyle, William C. Chapman, Adeel S. Khan
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2020)
Role of Lipocalin‐Type Prostaglandin D Synthase in Experimental Osteoarthritis
Authors: Mehdi Najar, Yassine Ouhaddi, Frédéric Paré, Bertrand Lussier, Yoshihiro Urade, Mohit Kapoor, Jean‐Pierre Pelletier, Johanne Martel‐Pelletier, Mohamed Benderdour, Hassan Fahmi
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2020)

Objective Lipocalin‐type prostaglandin D synthase (L‐ PGDS ) catalyzes the formation of prostaglandin D 2 ( PGD 2 ), which has important roles in inflammation and cartilage metabolism. We undertook this study to investigate the role of L‐ PGDS in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis ( OA ) using an experimental mouse model. Methods Experimental OA was induced in wild‐type ( WT ) and L‐ PGDS –deficient (L‐ PGDS −/− ) mice (n = 10 per genotype) by destabilization of the medial meniscus ( DMM ). Cartilage degradation was evaluated by histology. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 ( MMP ‐13) and ADAMTS ‐5 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Bone changes were determined by micro–computed tomography. Cartilage explants from L‐ PGDS −/− and WT mice (n = 6 per genotype) were treated with interleukin‐1α ( IL ‐1α) ex vivo in order to evaluate proteoglycan degradation. Moreover, the effect of intraarticular injection of a recombinant adeno‐associated virus type 2/5 (r AAV 2/5) encoding L‐ PGDS on OA progression was evaluated in WT mice (n = 9 per group). Results Compared to WT mice, L‐ PGDS −/− mice had exacerbated cartilage degradation and enhanced expression of MMP ‐13 and ADAMTS ‐5 ( P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, L‐ PGDS −/− mice displayed increased synovitis and subchondral bone changes ( P &lt; 0.05). Cartilage explants from L‐ PGDS −/− mice showed enhanced proteoglycan degradation following treatment with IL ‐1α ( P &lt; 0.05). Intraarticular injection of r AAV 2/5 encoding L‐ PGDS attenuated the severity of DMM ‐induced OA ‐like changes in WT mice ( P &lt; 0.05). The L‐ PGDS level was increased in OA tissues of WT mice ( P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion Collectively, these findings suggest a protective role of L‐ PGDS in OA , and therefore enhancing levels of L‐ PGDS may constitute a promising therapeutic strategy.
A cluster of COVID-19 cases in a small Italian town: a successful example of contact tracing and swab collection
Authors: F. Valent, T. Gallo, E. Mazzolini, C. Pipan, A. Sartor, M. Merelli, G. Bontempo, S. Marzinotto, F. Curcio, C. Tascini
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2020)
Abstract 14456: Incidence of All-cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Predicted by Symmetric Dimethylarginine in the Population-based Study of Health in Pomerania
Authors: Dorothee Atzler, Henri Wallaschofski, Edzard Schwedhelm, Matthias Nauck, Uwe Völker, Heyo K Kroemer, Henry Völzke, Rainer H Böger, Nele Friedrich, Marcus Dörr
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Aims: Arginine derivatives like asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), and homoarginine have been associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in populatio...
Facing a Pandemic While Pregnant
Authors: Coral Olazagasti, Nagashree Seetharamu
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

Facing a Pandemic While PregnantDecember 15, 2019, was one of the happiest days of my life.After longing for a baby for years, I finally found out I was carrying a life inside of me.As a second-year hematology-oncology fellow in a busy fellowship program, I knew that pregnancy would come with its own set of challenges, which I was prepared to face.Many of my predecessors had gone through this before, and I did not think the experience would be any different for me.What I was absolutely not prepared for was facing a pandemic while living and training in one of the most populous cities in the world during the time I was carrying my first child.In late December, rumors started circulating about an unknown virus that originated in China.On December 31, a cluster of patients in China were identified who were associated with the seafood market in Wuhan 1 and who had pneumonia associated with a novel coronavirus, also known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). 2 Data later indicated person-toperson transmission was occurring. 3At the time, no one seemed to have extensive concerns in the Western world.By late January 2020, the news regarding this novel coronavirus started spreading quickly in the media, and concern in the United States exponentially increased when reports emerged that the quickly and aggressively spreading virus had been reported in at least 21 countries.I remember the day when this new topic of conversation went from being a distant thought in my mind to a real concern.It was February 7, the day that the 33-year-old physician who weeks prior had raised concerns about a severe acute respiratory syndromelike virus at the Wuhan seafood market and was reprimanded for bringing up false news passed away from complications of the same virus.We later learned that on January 20, the first case of COVID-19 had been reported in the United States after a 35-year-old man who had returned from Wuhan, China, days prior presented to an urgent care clinic in Washington State with a 4-day history of cough and subjective fever.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention confirmed that results of his nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab tests were positive for COVID-19. 4eanwhile, more information became available regarding the virus itself, mode of transmission, vulnerable populations, and its complications, such as severe pneumonia, respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and cardiac injury, including fatal outcomes. 5he second week of February came, and with it my 3-month block of inpatient consult rotations and increasing fears of when the time would be that I would come face to face with the dangerous COVID-19.I kept repeating to myself that I am a healthy 31-year-old with no coexisting medical conditions and
OWE-038 Nurse led validation of colonoscopy surveillance – quality improvement project with significant cost savings
Authors: Kevin Yoong, Mrs Jayne Kerrigan
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Demand in colonoscopy continues to increase with the introduction of bowel cancer screening programme and an ageing population. Evidence shows that between 20%–30% of endoscopy demand is composed of surveillance procedures and that up to 30% of patients undergo surveillance procedures at incorrect intervals or where it is not indicated at all.<sup>1</sup> A nurse lead validation of colonoscopy surveillance was initiated to address this issue. <h3>Methods</h3> We developed a protocol for a nurse led review of surveillance colonoscopy. All colonoscopy surveillance referrals to be reviewed by nurse consultant. Relevant referrals were validated with three outcomes; Proceed to colonoscopy Defer colonoscopy to a later date Colonoscopy not indicated As part of clinical governance, if it was felt that the colonoscopy is no longer indicated, the referral was directed back to the patient's consultant for their agreement. <h3>Results</h3> For past 12 months, 521 colonoscopy requests were reviewed. 84 (16%) were not indicated which resulted in cost savings of (84 × £450) £37 800. 96 (18%) were deferred to a later date and 341 (65%) were to proceed as planned. Also out of the 521 patients, 481 patients were thought not to require a pre-colonoscopy assessment slot carried out by a nurse which amounted to cost savings of (521 × £79) £41 159. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results were consistent with the findings from Hassan et al.<sup>1</sup> This validation process demonstrated that the majority of patients required their surveillance colonoscopy at the correct time. Nurse led validation of colonoscopy request is safe and cost effective and also avoids putting patients through unnecessary risks of colonoscopy and is a way of addressing surveillance colonoscopies that are not indicated. <h3>Reference</h3> . Hassan C, et al. Post-polypectomy colonoscopy surveillance: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline. Endoscopy2013;45(10):842–864.
SLE patients are not immune to covid-19: importance of sending the right message across
Authors: Mohit Goyal
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

<h3>Background</h3> Prompted by wars in the past two decades largely in the Middle East, the United States veteran population in the United States often struggles with unemployment. America is increasingly occupied by the mental health ramifications of deployment. Domestically, the United States grapples with securing a healthy and abundant food source to support a large food insecure population in the midst of decreases in the number of farms and increasing food imports. The veteran-to-farmer (V2F) movement converges within these two concerns to provide jobs and potential therapeutic benefits to veterans through food production. <h3>Methods</h3> The project combines a grounded theory approach with epidemiology to understand a broad range of implications for the V2F movement. Grounded theory will be utilised to conduct semi-structured interviews and participant-observation to explore veteran’s safety behaviours and construct an understanding of how knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about safety result in health or injury. Veteran’s health and safety outcomes will be measured using existing US Veterans Affairs’ mental and emotional health analysis tools. <h3>Results</h3> Outputs will include modified quality of life and reintegration assessment instruments specific to V2F. This project will also explore if the unique experiences and training of veterans creates a worldview that puts them at particular risk and so establishes V2Fs as a new vulnerable worker population. Results pending and will be available by September, 2016. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The study offers a new and emergent means to implementing research into practice by deriving hypotheses from a grounded theory approach and testing them through traditional epidemiological methods. While the V2F movement continues to expand, the unique risks posed to veterans through agriculture should be explored, recognised, and prevented for veterans as an at-risk population.
Case 14-2020: A 37-Year-Old Man with Joint Pain and Eye Redness
Authors: Lucia Sobrin, John H. Stone, Ambrose J. Huang, John L. Niles, Rosalynn M. Nazarian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

A 37-year-old man presented with arthralgias, rash, calf pain, and redness in both eyes. The C-reactive protein level was elevated, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was prolonged. Examination of the urine sediment revealed dysmorphic red cells. A diagnostic test was performed.
The Rearing Environment and Risk for Major Depression: A Swedish National High-Risk Home-Reared and Adopted-Away Co-Sibling Control Study
Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler, Henrik Ohlsson, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2020)

Objective: The authors sought to clarify the role of rearing environment in the etiology of major depression. Methods: Defining high risk as having at least one biological parent with major depression, the authors identified a Swedish National Sample of 666 high-risk full sibships and 2,596 high-risk half sibships containing at least one home-reared and one adopted-away sibling. Major depression was assessed from national medical registries. Results: Controlling for sex, parental age at birth, and, for half siblings, history of major depression in the nonshared parent, the risk for major depression in the matched adopted compared with home-reared full and half siblings was reduced by 23% (95% CI=7–36) and by 19% (95% CI=10–38), respectively. This protective rearing effect was not influenced by the relative educational status of the biological and adoptive parents. However, in both full and half sibships, the protective effect of adoption disappeared when an adoptive parent or stepsibling had major depression or the adoptive home was disrupted by parental death or divorce. Conclusions: In matched full and half sibships at high risk for major depression, compared with individuals raised in their home environment, those reared in adoptive homes (homes selected in Sweden for their high-quality rearing environment) had a significantly reduced risk for major depression. This protective effect disappeared if an adoptive parent had major depression or if the adoptive home experienced parental death or divorce during childhood/adolescence. The rearing environment has a meaningful impact on risk for major depression, and this effect is likely mediated both by parental depression and the continuity or disruption of the home environment.
Indeterminate biliary stricture treated by antegrade cholangioscopy through an endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticojejunostomy
Authors: Roberto Rosa, Lorenzo Dioscoridi, Edoardo Forti, Francesco Pugliese, Marcello Cintolo, Giulia Bonato, Massimiliano Mutignani
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Indeterminate biliary strictures represent a clinical challenge [1] [2]. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with brushings and transpapillary biopsies have limitations in terms of their sensitivity and specificity [3] [4]. Cholangioscopy plays a relevant role in this field with a high sensitivity for the macroscopic appearance [5].
Innate Lymphocyte Mechanisms in Skin Diseases
Authors: Yi-Ling Chen, Clare S. Hardman, Koshika Yadava, Graham Ogg
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2020)

Innate lymphocyte populations are emerging as key effectors in tissue homeostasis, microbial defense, and inflammatory skin disease. The cells are evolutionarily ancient and carry conserved principles of function, which can be achieved through shared or unique specific mechanisms. Recent technological and treatment advances have provided insight into heterogeneity within and between individuals and species. Similar pathways can extend through to adaptive lymphocytes, which softens the margins with innate lymphocyte populations and allows investigation of nonredundant pathways of immunity and inflammation that might be amenable to therapeutic intervention. Here, we review advances in understanding of innate lymphocyte biology with a focus on skin disease and the roles of commensal and pathogen responses and tissue homeostasis.
Covid-19: Doctors should be alert for signs of myocardial injury, says NICE
Authors: Ingrid Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Doctors treating patients with known or suspected should be vigilant for signs of acute myocardial injury, a new rapid guideline from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence has said. 1 Symptoms of acute myocardial injury include chest pain, heart palpitations, severe tiredness, and shortness of breath and are similar to the respiratory complications of covid-19 so might be overlooked, particularly in patients without pre-existing heart disease.Acute myocardial injury was observed in 9.5% of all patients who died in hospital in Italy with covid-19, NICE pointed out, and its guideline is aimed at helping healthcare professionals who are not cardiology specialists identify, monitor, and manage patients with covid-19 and heart problems.NICE emphasised that acute myocardial injury and its complications could emerge at any stage of covid-19 infection.
Implantable Therapeutic Reservoir Systems for Diverse Clinical Applications in Large Animal Models
Authors: Garry P. Duffy, Scott T. Robinson, Raymond O'Connor, Robert Wylie, Ciaran Mauerhofer, Gabriella Bellavia, Stefania Straino, Francesca Cianfarani, Keegan Mendez, Rachel Beatty, Ruth Levey, Janice O'Sullivan, Liam McDonough, Helena Kelly, Ellen T. Roche, Eimear B. Dolan
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Regenerative medicine approaches, specifically stem cell technologies, have demonstrated significant potential to treat a diverse array of pathologies. However, such approaches have resulted in a modest clinical benefit, which may be attributed to poor cell retention/survival at the disease site. A delivery system that facilitates regional and repeated delivery to target tissues can provide enhanced clinical efficacy of cell therapies when localized delivery of high doses of cells is required. In this study, a new regenerative reservoir platform (Regenervoir) is described for use in large animal models, with relevance to cardiac, abdominal, and soft tissue pathologies. Regenervoir incorporates multiple novel design features essential for clinical translation, with a focus on scalability, mechanism of delivery, fixation to target tissue, and filling/refilling with a therapeutic cargo, and is demonstrated in an array of clinical applications that are easily translated to human studies. Regenervoir consists of a porous reservoir fabricated from a single material, a flexible thermoplastic polymer, capable of delivering cargo via fill lines to target tissues. A radiopaque shear thinning hydrogel can be delivered to the therapy reservoir and multiple fixation methods (laparoscopic tacks and cyanoacrylate bioadhesive) can be used to secure Regenervoir to target tissues through a minimally invasive approach.
Second-line therapy is indicated in ursodeoxycholic acid-treated patients with primary biliary cholangitis and high alkaline phosphatase despite a complete globe-score response
Authors: Rozanne de Veer, Maren H Harms, Christophe Corpechot, Willem J Lammers, Douglas Thorburn, Pietro Invernizzi, Harry La Janssen, Pier Maria Battezzati, Frederik Nevens, Keith D Lindor, Annarosa Floreani, Cyriel Ponsioen, Marlyn J Mayo, Albert Pares, Andrew L Mason, Kris Kowdley, Palak J Trivedi, Gideon Hirschfield, Tony Bruns, George N Dalekos, Xavier Verhelst, Bettina E Hansen, Henk R Van Buuren, Adriaan Van der Meer
Journal: Hepatology (2019)