tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Obesity and covid-19: the unseen risks
Authors: Akheel A Syed, Handrean Soran, Safwaan Adam
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Two seemingly disparate risk factors have emerged for susceptibility and severity of covid-19: obesity1 and ethnicity.2 Several characteristics—including socioeconomic, cultural, or lifestyle factors, genetic predisposition, or pathophysiological differences—might influence susceptibility or response to covid-19 in people with black, Asian, and minority ethnic heritage,3 but black adults are the most likely of all ethnic groups to be overweight or obese.4 One poorly recognised risk factor in ethnic minority communities could be normal weight obesity, wherein individuals have excessive body …
Relationship of Ventricular Morphology and Atrioventricular Valve Function to Long-Term Outcomes Following Fontan Procedures
Authors: Jiyong Moon, Li Shen, Donald S. Likosky, Vikram Sood, Reilly D. Hobbs, Peter Sassalos, Jennifer C. Romano, Richard G. Ohye, Edward L. Bove, Ming-Sing Si
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
A novel method for measuring absolute coronary blood flow and microvascular resistance in patients with ischaemic heart disease
Authors: Paul D Morris, Rebecca Gosling, Iwona Zwierzak, Holli Evans, Louise Aubiniere-Robb, Krzysztof Czechowicz, Paul C Evans, D Rodney Hose, Patricia V Lawford, Andrew J Narracott, Julian P Gunn
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2020)

Abstract Aims Ischaemic heart disease is the reduction of myocardial blood flow, caused by epicardial and/or microvascular disease. Both are common and prognostically important conditions, with distinct guideline-indicated management. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is the current gold-standard assessment of epicardial coronary disease but is only a surrogate of flow and only predicts percentage flow changes. It cannot assess absolute (volumetric) flow or microvascular disease. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a novel method that predicts absolute coronary blood flow and microvascular resistance (MVR) in the catheter laboratory. Methods and results A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was used to predict absolute coronary flow (QCFD) and coronary MVR using data from routine invasive angiography and pressure-wire assessment. QCFD was validated in an in vitro flow circuit which incorporated patient-specific, three-dimensional printed coronary arteries; and then in vivo, in patients with coronary disease. In vitro, QCFD agreed closely with the experimental flow over all flow rates [bias +2.08 mL/min; 95% confidence interval (error range) −4.7 to +8.8 mL/min; R2 = 0.999, P &amp;lt; 0.001; variability coefficient &amp;lt;1%]. In vivo, QCFD and MVR were successfully computed in all 40 patients under baseline and hyperaemic conditions, from which coronary flow reserve (CFR) was also calculated. QCFD-derived CFR correlated closely with pressure-derived CFR (R2 = 0.92, P &amp;lt; 0.001). This novel method was significantly more accurate than Doppler-wire-derived flow both in vitro (±6.7 vs. ±34 mL/min) and in vivo (±0.9 vs. ±24.4 mmHg). Conclusions Absolute coronary flow and MVR can be determined alongside FFR, in absolute units, during routine catheter laboratory assessment, without the need for additional catheters, wires or drug infusions. Using this novel method, epicardial and microvascular disease can be discriminated and quantified. This comprehensive coronary physiological assessment may enable a new level of patient stratification and management.
Intragenic Conflict in Phylogenomic Data Sets
Authors: Stephen A Smith, Nathanael Walker-Hale, Joseph F Walker
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2020)

Most phylogenetic analyses assume that a single evolutionary history underlies one gene. However, both biological processes and errors can cause intragenic conflict. The extent to which this conflict is present in empirical data sets is not well documented, but if common, could have far-reaching implications for phylogenetic analyses. We examined several large phylogenomic data sets from diverse taxa using a fast and simple method to identify well-supported intragenic conflict. We found conflict to be highly variable between data sets, from 1% to >92% of genes investigated. We analyzed four exemplar genes in detail and analyzed simulated data under several scenarios. Our results suggest that alignment error may be one major source of conflict, but other conflicts remain unexplained and may represent biological signal or other errors. Whether as part of data analysis pipelines or to explore biologically processes, analyses of within-gene phylogenetic signal should become common.
Cancer increases risk of in-hospital death from COVID-19 in persons &lt;65 years and those not in complete remission
Authors: Qiubai Li, Lei Chen, Qin Li, Wenjuan He, Jianming Yu, Li Chen, Yulin Cao, Wenlan Chen, None Di Wu, Fang Dong, Liling Cai, Qijie Ran, Lei Li, Qiaomei Liu, Wenxiang Ren, Fei Gao, Hongxiang Wang, Zhichao Chen, Robert Peter Gale, Yu Hu
Journal: Leukemia (2020)
Dapagliflozin and Diuretic Use in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction in DAPA-HF
Authors: Alice M. Jackson, Pooja Dewan, Inder S. Anand, Jan Bělohlávek, Olof Bengtsson, Rudolf A. de Boer, Michael Böhm, David W. Boulton, Vijay K. Chopra, David L. DeMets, Kieran F. Docherty, Andrej Dukát, Peter J. Greasley, Jonathan G. Howlett, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Tzvetana Katova, Lars Køber, Mikhail N. Kosiborod, Anna Maria Langkilde, Daniel Lindholm, Charlotta E.A. Ljungman, Felipe A. Martinez, Eileen O’Meara, Marc S. Sabatine, Mikaela Sjöstrand, Scott D. Solomon, Sergey Tereshchenko, Subodh Verma, Pardeep S. Jhund, John J.V. McMurray
Journal: Circulation (2020)

In the DAPA-HF trial (Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse-Outcomes in Heart Failure), the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin reduced the risk of worsening heart failure and death in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. We examined the efficacy and tolerability of dapagliflozin in relation to background diuretic treatment and change in diuretic therapy after randomization to dapagliflozin or placebo.
Role of Energy Excretion in Human Body Weight Regulation
Authors: Jens Lund, Zachary Gerhart-Hines, Christoffer Clemmensen
Journal: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (2020)

Food intake and energy expenditure are the typical determinants of body weight. Yet, recent observations underscore that a third and often-neglected factor, fecal energy loss, can influence energy balance. Here, we explore how macronutrient excretion modulates human energy homeostasis and highlight its potential impact on the propensity to gain weight.
Cardiac dysfunction in cancer patients: beyond direct cardiomyocyte damage of anticancer drugs: novel cardio-oncology insights from the joint 2019 meeting of the ESC Working Groups of Myocardial Function and Cellular Biology of the Heart
Authors: Carlo Gabriele Tocchetti, Pietro Ameri, Rudolf A de Boer, Yuri D’Alessandra, Michele Russo, Daniela Sorriento, Michele Ciccarelli, Bernadett Kiss, Luc Bertrand, Dana Dawson, Ines Falcao-Pires, Mauro Giacca, Nazha Hamdani, Wolfgang A Linke, Manuel Mayr, Jolanda van der Velden, Serena Zacchigna, Alessandra Ghigo, Emilio Hirsch, Alexander R Lyon, Anikó Görbe, Péter Ferdinandy, Rosalinda Madonna, Stephane Heymans, Thomas Thum
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2020)

In western countries, cardiovascular (CV) disease and cancer are the leading causes of death in the ageing population. Recent epidemiological data suggest that cancer is more frequent in patients with prevalent or incident CV disease, in particular, heart failure (HF). Indeed, there is a tight link in terms of shared risk factors and mechanisms between HF and cancer. HF induced by anticancer therapies has been extensively studied, primarily focusing on the toxic effects that anti-tumour treatments exert on cardiomyocytes. In this Cardio-Oncology update, members of the ESC Working Groups of Myocardial Function and Cellular Biology of the Heart discuss novel evidence interconnecting cardiac dysfunction and cancer via pathways in which cardiomyocytes may be involved but are not central. In particular, the multiple roles of cardiac stromal cells (endothelial cells and fibroblasts) and inflammatory cells are highlighted. Also, the gut microbiota is depicted as a new player at the crossroads between HF and cancer. Finally, the role of non-coding RNAs in Cardio-Oncology is also addressed. All these insights are expected to fuel additional research efforts in the field of Cardio-Oncology.
COVID-19–Associated Kidney Injury: A Case Series of Kidney Biopsy Findings
Authors: Purva Sharma, Nupur N. Uppal, Rimda Wanchoo, Hitesh H. Shah, Yihe Yang, Rushang Parikh, Yuriy Khanin, Varun Madireddy, Christopher P. Larsen, Kenar D. Jhaveri, Vanesa Bijol
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Significance Statement AKI is a known complication of severe COVID-19. Autopsy series of patients who died with COVID-19 reported acute tubular necrosis in the kidney, and a few patient reports noted the presence of collapsing glomerulopathy in patients with COVID-19. The authors describe clinical and kidney histopathologic findings for ten hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and AKI who underwent kidney biopsy. All patients had proteinuria, and eight required dialysis. Biopsy samples showed varying degrees of acute tubular necrosis in all patients; one patient also had associated myoglobin cast nephropathy. Pathologic analysis of biopsied kidneys showed no immunohistochemical evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and ultrastructural examination found no viral particles. This case series reveals acute tubular necrosis as the most common kidney biopsy finding in patients with COVID-19 and severe AKI. Background Reports show that AKI is a common complication of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hospitalized patients. Studies have also observed proteinuria and microscopic hematuria in such patients. Although a recent autopsy series of patients who died with severe COVID-19 in China found acute tubular necrosis in the kidney, a few patient reports have also described collapsing glomerulopathy in COVID-19. Methods We evaluated biopsied kidney samples from ten patients at our institution who had COVID-19 and clinical features of AKI, including proteinuria with or without hematuria. We documented clinical features, pathologic findings, and outcomes. Results Our analysis included ten patients who underwent kidney biopsy (mean age: 65 years); five patients were black, three were Hispanic, and two were white. All patients had proteinuria. Eight patients had severe AKI, necessitating RRT. All biopsy samples showed varying degrees of acute tubular necrosis, and one patient had associated widespread myoglobin casts. In addition, two patients had findings of thrombotic microangiopathy, one had pauci-immune crescentic GN, and another had global as well as segmental glomerulosclerosis with features of healed collapsing glomerulopathy. Interestingly, although the patients had confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection by RT-PCR, immunohistochemical staining of kidney biopsy samples for SARS-CoV-2 was negative in all ten patients. Also, ultrastructural examination by electron microscopy showed no evidence of viral particles in the biopsy samples. Conclusions The most common finding in our kidney biopsy samples from ten hospitalized patients with AKI and COVID-19 was acute tubular necrosis. There was no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 in the biopsied kidney tissue.
Bilirubin nanomedicine alleviates psoriatic skin inflammation by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing pathogenic signaling
Authors: Hyeongseop Keum, Tae Woo Kim, Yujin Kim, Changjin Seo, Youngju Son, Jinjoo Kim, Dohyeon Kim, Wonsik Jung, Chang-Hee Whang, Sangyong Jon
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2020)
Nasogastric Decompression vs No Decompression After Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Damien Bergeat, Aude Merdrignac, Fabien Robin, Elodie Gaignard, Michel Rayar, Bernard Meunier, Hélène Beloeil, Karim Boudjema, Bruno Laviolle, Laurent Sulpice
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

Although standardization of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) has improved postoperative outcomes, morbidity remains high. Fast-track surgery programs appear to improve morbidity, and avoiding nasogastric tube decompression (NGTD), already outdated in most major abdominal surgery, is strongly suggested after PD by fast-track surgery programs but lacks high-level evidence, especially regarding safety.To assess in a randomized clinical trial whether the absence of systematic NGTD after PD reduces postoperative complications.The IPOD study (Impact of the Absence of Nasogastric Decompression After Pancreaticoduodenectomy) was an open-label, prospective, single-center, randomized clinical trial conducted at a high-volume pancreatic surgery university hospital in France. In total, 155 patients who were 18 to 75 years of age and required PD for benign or malignant disease were screened for study eligibility. Key exclusion criteria were previous gastric or esophageal surgery and severe comorbidities. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to systematic NGTD or to no nasogastric decompression and were followed up until 90 days after surgery.For patients without NGTD, the NGT was removed immediately after surgery, whereas for patients with NGTD, the NGT was removed 3 to 5 days after surgery.The primary end point was the occurrence of postoperative complications grade II or higher using the Clavien-Dindo classification. The primary end point and safety were evaluated in the intent-to-treat population.From January 2016 to August 2018, 125 screened patients were considered eligible for the study, and 111 were randomized to no NGTD (n = 52) or to NGTD (n = 59). No patient was lost to follow-up. The 2 groups had similar patient demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline. The median (interquartile range) age was 63.0 (57.0-66.5) years in the group with NGTD (38 [64.4%] were males) and 64.0 (58.0-68.0) years in the group without NGTD (31 [59.6%] were males). The postoperative complication rates grade II or higher were similar between the 2 groups (risk ratio, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.66-1.47; P > .99). Pulmonary complication rates (risk ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.18-1.95; P = .44) and delayed gastric emptying rates (risk ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.52-2.21; P > .99) were not significantly different between the groups. Median (interquartile) length of hospital stay for patients without NGTD was not significantly different compared with those with NGTD (10.0 [9.0-16.3] vs 12.0 [10.0-16.0] days; P = .14).The present study found no significant difference in postoperative complication occurrence of Clavien-Dindo classification grade II or higher between systematic NGTD and no NGTD after PD, suggesting that avoiding systematic nasogastric decompression is safe for this indication.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02594956.
Correlation Between Dermoscopic and Histologic Features of Uncommon Cutaneous Melanoma Variants
Authors: Andrea Saggini, Heinz Kutzner, Lorenzo Cerroni
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2020)

To the Editor We praise Pampena et al1 for shedding light on the dermoscopic-pathological correlation of 10 rare variants of cutaneous melanoma (CM). Nonetheless, we would like to highlight certain significant limitations of this study.
Meta-Analysis of Leukocyte Diversity in Atherosclerotic Mouse Aortas
Authors: Alma Zernecke, Holger Winkels, Clément Cochain, Jesse W. Williams, Dennis Wolf, Oliver Soehnlein, Clint S. Robbins, Claudia Monaco, Inhye Park, Coleen A. McNamara, Christoph J. Binder, Myron I. Cybulsky, Corey A. Scipione, Catherine C. Hedrick, Elena V. Galkina, Tin Kyaw, Yanal Ghosheh, Huy Q. Dinh, Klaus Ley
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)

The diverse leukocyte infiltrate in atherosclerotic mouse aortas was recently analyzed in 9 single-cell RNA sequencing and 2 mass cytometry studies. In a comprehensive meta-analysis, we confirm 4 known macrophage subsets-resident, inflammatory, interferon-inducible cell, and Trem2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2) foamy macrophages-and identify a new macrophage subset resembling cavity macrophages. We also find that monocytes, neutrophils, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells-2, and CD (cluster of differentiation)-8 T cells form prominent and separate immune cell populations in atherosclerotic aortas. Many CD4 T cells express IL (interleukin)-17 and the chemokine receptor CXCR (C-X-C chemokine receptor)-6. A small number of regulatory T cells and T helper 1 cells is also identified. Immature and naive T cells are present in both healthy and atherosclerotic aortas. Our meta-analysis overcomes limitations of individual studies that, because of their experimental approach, over- or underrepresent certain cell populations. Mass cytometry studies demonstrate that cell surface phenotype provides valuable information beyond the cell transcriptomes. The present analysis helps resolve some long-standing controversies in the field. First, Trem2
Abstract 12635: Biologic Variability in Echocardiographic Parameters in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Timothy W Churchill, Rory B Weiner, Eric J Stöhr, Rob Shave, Aaron L Baggish
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Clinical and research echocardiography rely on longitudinal repeated measures of cardiac structure and function. To date, the within-subject biologic variability across different cate...
Adenocarcinoma of the cervical esophagus arising within a long segment of Barrett’s metaplasia
Authors: Wladyslaw Januszewicz, Krzysztof Trzebinski, Malgorzata Lenarcik, Anna Cencelewicz-Lesikow, Michal F. Kaminski, Jaroslaw Regula
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

A 53-year-old man was referred to the endoscopy unit for evaluation of noncardiac chest pain. He did not report dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms, or weight loss. His medical record included hyperlipidemia and duodenal peptic ulcer disease along with a history of smoking (20 pack-years). Upper endoscopy showed a long segment of columnar-type epithelium extending from the top of the gastric folds (35 cm from incisors) ([Fig. 1 a]) to the cervical esophagus (20 cm), corresponding to C15M15 (Prague classification) Barrett’s esophagus (BE). The distal and middle part of the BE segment was inconspicuous both in white-light and narrow-band imaging ([Fig. 1 b]). However, at the top of the Barrett's metaplasia, just below the upper esophageal sphincter, a protruded ulcerated tumor was identified ([Fig. 1 c], [Video 1]). Tumor biopsies confirmed a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma on a background of intestinal metaplasia. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan showed a marked increase in metabolic activity in the cervical esophagus without evidence of metastatic spread ([Fig. 1 d]).
Shed it, and help—LAG3 cleavage drives conventional CD4 <sup>+</sup> T cells to overcome resistance to PD-1 immunotherapy
Authors: Lea Seidel, Bertram Bengsch
Journal: Science Immunology (2020)

LAG3 cleavage from conventional CD4 + T cells, but not CD8 + T cells, is required for effective PD-1 blockade (see the related Research Article by Andrews et al . ).
Imprecise DNMT1 activity coupled with neighbor-guided correction enables robust yet flexible epigenetic inheritance
Authors: Qiujun Wang, Guang Yu, Xuan Ming, Weikun Xia, Xiguang Xu, Yu Zhang, Wenhao Zhang, Yuanyuan Li, Chunyi Huang, Hehuang Xie, Bing Zhu, Wei Xie
Journal: Nature Genetics (2020)
Image of various providers of sexual health care varies
Authors: A. Pallecaros, A. Robinson, J Greenaway, D Holland
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Sue Stuart-Smith's editorial on teenage sex1 offers a sobering challenge to those who provide sexual health care for young people.2 Stigma can be a powerful barrier to attendance at a service; conversely, however, image can be harnessed to focus marketing strategy. We present data from a large group of young students that show considerable differences in the market appeal of NHS providers of sexual health care with different names: genitourinary medicine clinics, sexual health clinics, family planning clinics, and general practitioners.

Students passing an …
Comment on: "Characterization of acute acro-ischemic lesions in non-hospitalized patients: a case series of 132 patients during the COVID-19 outbreak" COVID-19 and surgical training in Italy: Residents and young consultants perspectives from the battlefield
Authors: D. Fernandez-Nieto, J. Jimenez-Cauhe, A. Suarez-Valle, O. M. Moreno-Arrones, D. Saceda-Corralo, A. Arana-Raja, D. Ortega-Quijano, Luca Ferrario, Anna Maffioli, Andrea A. Bondurri, Claudio Guerci, Francesco Lazzarin, Piergiorgio Danelli
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
AHR is a Zika virus host factor and a candidate target for antiviral therapy
Authors: Federico Giovannoni, Irene Bosch, Carolina Manganeli Polonio, María F. Torti, Michael A. Wheeler, Zhaorong Li, Leonardo Romorini, María S. Rodriguez Varela, Veit Rothhammer, Andreia Barroso, Emily C. Tjon, Liliana M. Sanmarco, Maisa C. Takenaka, Seyed Mohamad Sadegh Modaresi, Cristina Gutiérrez-Vázquez, Nágela Ghabdan Zanluqui, Nilton Barreto dos Santos, Carolina Demarchi Munhoz, Zhongyan Wang, Elsa B. Damonte, David Sherr, Lee Gehrke, Jean Pierre Schatzmann Peron, Cybele C. Garcia, Francisco J. Quintana
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2020)
Abstract 149: Zoniporide Combined with α-Methylnorepinephrine Promotes Greater Hemodynamic Stability than Either Agent Alone During Chest Compression in Rats
Authors: Lorissa Lamoureux, Herbert K Whitehouse, Jeejabai Radhakrishnan, Raúl J Gazmuri
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: We have reported in animal models of cardiac arrest that sodium hydrogen exchanger-1 (NHE-1) inhibition - by attenuating reperfusion injury - helps preserve left ventricular distensibility yielding higher forward blood flows during chest compression. Others have reported that α-methylnorepinephrine (α-MNE) - a selective peripheral α2-adrenoreceptor agonist - is superior to epinephrine given its lack of β-agonist effect that intensifies myocardial ischemia. We examined in a rat model of VF the effects of combining the NHE-1 inhibitor zoniporide (ZNP) with α-MNE during CPR, expecting to elicit a vasopressor effect (α-MNE) that is better maintained over time because of ZNP. Methods: VF was electrically induced in 32 male retired breeder Sprague-Dawley rats and left untreated for 8 minutes. Chest compression was then initiated, gradually increasing the depth of compression (maximum 17 mm) to attain an aortic diastolic pressure of 28 mmHg by the end of minute 2, maintaining such level for the remaining 6 minutes of chest compression, time at which defibrillation was attempted. The rats were randomized 1:1:1:1 to receive a 3 mg/kg bolus of ZNP or 0.9% NaCl before starting chest compression and a 100 μg/kg bolus of α-MNE or its vehicle at minute 2 of chest compression with the investigators blind to the assignment. Results: The ratio between the aortic diastolic pressure and depth of compression (Figure) was higher - as expected - in rats that received α-MNE(+) given its vasopressor effect. The effect, however, was not maintained and declined over time; but to a significantly lesser degree in rats that also received ZNP; i.e., α-MNE(+)/ZNP(+) group. Conclusions: The findings support a favorable interaction between α-MNE and ZNP; the first prompting needed peripheral vasoconstriction - likely with less concomitant myocardial injury - and the latter preserving left ventricular distensibility, which combined enhance the hemodynamic efficacy of chest compression.