tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bump start needed: linking guidelines, policy and practice in promoting physical activity during and beyond pregnancy
Authors: Hayley Mills, Lou Atkinson, Ellinor Olander, Debbie Smith, Louise Hayes, Sinead Currie, James Newham, Charlie Foster, Marlize De Vivo
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2019)

There is compelling evidence that regular physical activity (PA) during pregnancy benefits both mother and baby.1 2 Notably, physical and psychological benefits are evident in the literature, such as marked reductions in the development of gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders, alongside improvements in depressive symptoms and cardiorespiratory fitness.1 2 The evidence base has been reflected by recent policy initiatives, for example, in 2017 (relaunched in 2019), the UK‘s chief medical officers (CMOs) published PA guidelines for pregnant women, which made substantial strides in unifying and translating the evidence into recommendations.1 The CMO guidelines are aimed at supporting health professionals to provide consistent, evidence-based PA messages to women throughout pregnancy.1 Recently, the Chartered Institute for the Management of Sport and Physical Activity have updated their professional standards for working with antenatal and postnatal clients to align with these CMO guidelines.3 However, not all women have access to professionals with this level of expertise and training, potentially limiting the impact of the CMO guidelines.

Antenatal healthcare professionals, primarily midwives, are the key sources of information for pregnant women in the UK. Although the CMO guidelines are aimed at healthcare professionals, it is unlikely that the guidelines will be integrated into routine practice unless they are …
Strategies for developing pregnane X receptor antagonists: Implications from metabolism to cancer
Authors: Sergio C. Chai, William C. Wright, Taosheng Chen
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2019)

Abstract Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a ligand‐activated nuclear receptor (NR) that was originally identified as a master regulator of xenobiotic detoxification. It regulates the expression of drug‐metabolizing enzymes and transporters to control the degradation and excretion of endobiotics and xenobiotics, including therapeutic agents. The metabolism and disposition of drugs might compromise their efficacy and possibly cause drug toxicity and/or drug resistance. Because many drugs can promiscuously bind and activate PXR, PXR antagonists might have therapeutic value in preventing and overcoming drug‐induced PXR‐mediated drug toxicity and drug resistance. Furthermore, PXR is now known to have broader cellular functions, including the regulation of cell proliferation, and glucose and lipid metabolism. Thus, PXR might be involved in human diseases such as cancer and metabolic diseases. The importance of PXR antagonists is discussed in the context of the role of PXR in xenobiotic sensing and other disease‐related pathways. This review focuses on the development of PXR antagonists, which has been hampered by the promiscuity of PXR ligand binding. However, substantial progress has been made in recent years, suggesting that it is feasible to develop selective PXR antagonists. We discuss the current status, challenges, and strategies in developing selective PXR antagonists. The strategies are based on the molecular mechanisms of antagonism in related NRs that can be applied to the design of PXR antagonists, primarily driven by structural information.
Factors Associated with Response, CAR-T Cell In Vivo Expansion, and Progression-Free Survival after Repeat Infusions of CD19 CAR-T Cells
Authors: Evandro D. Bezerra, Jordan Gauthier, Alexandre V. Hirayama, Barbara S. Pender, Reed M. Hawkins, Aesha Vakil, Rachel N. Steinmetz, Aude G. Chapuis, Brian G. Till, Hans-Peter Kiem, Mazyar Shadman, Ryan D. Cassaday, Stanley R. Riddell, David G. Maloney, Cameron J. Turtle
Journal: Blood (2019)
Estimating the burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children in England: a novel approach to community-based serological surveys through data linkage
Authors: Ania Zylbersztejn, Lucy Pembrey, Harvey Goldstein, Guy Berbers, Rutger Schepp, Fiona van der Klis, Charles Sande, Dan Mason, John Wright, Rosalind Smyth, Pia Hardelid
Journal: The Lancet (2019)
Use of an ICU Diary and Patient Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms
Authors: Maia Kredentser, Kendiss Olafson, Jitender Sareen
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Response to Venetoclax in Combination with Low Intensity Therapy (LDAC or HMA) in Untreated Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients with IDH, FLT3 and Other Mutations and Correlations with BCL2 Family Expression
Authors: Brenda J Chyla, Jason Harb, Christine Mantis, Jacob J Riehm, Jeremy A. Ross, Yan Sun, Xin Huang, Qi Jiang, Monique Dail, Franklin V. Peale, Jalaja Potluri, John Hayslip
Journal: Blood (2019)
Mortality Among Referral Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy vs the General European Population
Authors: Massimiliano Lorenzini, Zacharias Anastasiou, Constantinos O’Mahony, Oliver P. Guttman, Juan Ramon Gimeno, Lorenzo Monserrat, Aristides Anastasakis, Claudio Rapezzi, Elena Biagini, Pablo Garcia-Pavia, Giuseppe Limongelli, Menelaos Pavlou, Perry M. Elliott
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2019)

<h3>Importance</h3> It is unclear whether hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) conveys excess mortality when compared with the general population. <h3>Objective</h3> To compare the survival of patients with HCM with that of the general European population. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Retrospective cohort study of 4893 consecutive adult patients with HCM presenting at 7 European referral centers between 1980 and 2013. The data were analyzed between April 2018 and August 2019. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Survival was compared using standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) calculated with data from Eurostat, stratified by study period, country, sex, and age, and using a composite end point in the HCM cohort of all-cause mortality, aborted sudden cardiac death, and heart transplant. <h3>Results</h3> Of 4893 patients with HCM, 3126 (63.9%) were male, and the mean (SD) age at presentation was 49.2 (16.4) years. During a median follow-up of 6.2 years (interquartile range, 3.1-9.8 years), 721 patients (14.7%) reached the composite end point. Compared with the general population, patients with HCM had excess mortality throughout the age spectrum (SMR, 2.0, 95% CI, 1.48-2.63). Excess mortality was highest among patients presenting prior to the year 2000 but persisted in the cohort presenting between 2006 and 2013 (SMR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.55-2.18). Women had higher excess mortality than men (SMR, 2.66; 95% CI, 2.38-2.97; vs SMR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.52-1.85;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Among patients referred to European specialty centers, HCM was associated with significant excess mortality through the life course. Although there have been improvements in survival with time, potentially reflecting improved treatments for HCM, these findings highlight the need for more research into the causes of excess mortality among patients with HCM and for better risk stratification.
A prospective cohort study using a Japanese nationwide survey to evaluate the therapeutic effects of surgery and percutaneous ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Authors: Kiyoshi Hasegawa, Norihiro Kokudo, Masatoshi Makuuchi, Namiki Izumi, Takafumi Ichida, Masatoshi Kudo, Yonson Ku, Michiie Sakamoto, Osamu Nakashima, Osamu Matsui, Yutaka Matsuyama
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

4104 Background: Which is the best treatment for less advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with good liver function remains one of the most important and unsolved problems. To solve this problem, we conducted this study and evaluated the therapeutic impacts of surgical resection (SUR), percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) on long-term outcomes in patients with HCC. Methods: A large-scale database constructed by a Japanese nationwide survey was used for this study. Between 2000 and 2005, 28,510 patients with HCC were treated by SUR, PEI, or RFA, among whom we identify 12,968 patients with no more than 3 tumors (≤3cm) and liver damage of class A or B. The patients were divided into SUR group (n=5,361), RFA group (n=5,548), and PEI group (n=2,059). Rates of overall and recurrence-free survival were compared among them. Results: Median follow-up was 2.16 years. Overall survival rates at 3 and 5 years were respectively 85.3%/71.1% in the SUR group, 81.0%/61.1% in the RFA, and 78.9%/56.3% in the PEI. Recurrence-free survival rates at 3 and 5 years were 56.7%/36.2%, 42.8%/28.3%, and 35.7%/23.1%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, the hazard ratio for death was significantly lower in the SUR group than in the RFA (SUR vs. RFA:0.84, 95% confidence interval, 0.74-0.95; p=0.006) and the PEI (SUR vs. PEI:0.75, 0.64-0.86; p=0.0001). The hazard ratios for recurrence were also lower in the SUR group than in the RFA (SUR vs. RFA:0.74, 0.68-0.79; p=0.0001) and the PEI (SUR vs. PEI:0.59, 0.54-0.65; p=0.0001). Conclusions: Surgical resection would provide longer overall and recurrence-free survival than either RFA or PEI in patients with HCC.
Silent Myocardial Infarction and Sudden Cardiac Death—Finding the Culprit
Authors: Kayode O. Kuku, Temitope Olatunji-Bello, Hector M. Garcia-Garcia
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Localized Metabolomic Gradients in Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Glioblastoma
Authors: Elizabeth C. Randall, Begoña G.C. Lopez, Sen Peng, Michael S. Regan, Walid M. Abdelmoula, Sankha S. Basu, Sandro Santagata, Haejin Yoon, Marcia C. Haigis, Jeffrey N. Agar, Nhan L. Tran, William F. Elmquist, Forest M. White, Jann N. Sarkaria, Nathalie Y.R. Agar
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is increasingly recognized as a disease involving dysfunctional cellular metabolism. GBMs are known to be complex heterogeneous systems containing multiple distinct cell populations and are supported by an aberrant network of blood vessels. A better understanding of GBM metabolism, its variation with respect to the tumor microenvironment, and resulting regional changes in chemical composition is required. This may shed light on the observed heterogeneous drug distribution, which cannot be fully described by limited or uneven disruption of the blood–brain barrier. In this work, we used mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) to map metabolites and lipids in patient-derived xenograft models of GBM. A data analysis workflow revealed that distinctive spectral signatures were detected from different regions of the intracranial tumor model. A series of long-chain acylcarnitines were identified and detected with increased intensity at the tumor edge. A 3D MSI dataset demonstrated that these molecules were observed throughout the entire tumor/normal interface and were not confined to a single plane. mRNA sequencing demonstrated that hallmark genes related to fatty acid metabolism were highly expressed in samples with higher acylcarnitine content. These data suggest that cells in the core and the edge of the tumor undergo different fatty acid metabolism, resulting in different chemical environments within the tumor. This may influence drug distribution through changes in tissue drug affinity or transport and constitute an important consideration for therapeutic strategies in the treatment of GBM. Significance: GBM tumors exhibit a metabolic gradient that should be taken into consideration when designing therapeutic strategies for treatment. See related commentary by Tan and Weljie, p. 1231
Depression in the Primary Care Setting
Authors: Peter Ellis, Brandon Kitay, Caroline J Schmidt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

A 45-year-old woman with hypothyroidism that has been treated with a stable dose of levothyroxine presents to her primary care provider with depressed mood, negative feelings about herself, poor sleep, low appetite, poor concentration, and lack of energy. These symptoms began several months ago during a conflict with her partner. Although she has been able to continue work and life responsibilities, she feels sadness most days and occasionally thinks that she would be better off dead. How would you evaluate and treat this patient?
Abstract 30: Targeted Temperature Management at 33 versus 36 Degrees: Outcomes After Real-World Implementation
Authors: Nicholas J Johnson, Kyle R Danielson, Catherine R Counts, Katelyn Ruark, Sue Scruggs, Catherine L Hough, Charles Maynard, Michael Sayre, David Carlbom
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Objective: To determine the association between targeted temperature management (TTM) goal temperature of 33 versus 36°C and neurologic outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods: This was a retrospective, before-and-after, cohort study conducted at an urban, academic, Level 1 trauma center from 2010-2017. We included adults with non-traumatic OHCA who received TTM. Our primary exposure was TTM goal temperature, which was changed from 33 to 36°C in April of 2014 at the study hospital. Primary outcome was neurologically-intact survival to discharge. Secondary outcomes included hospital mortality and care processes. We used univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression to examined the association between TTM goal and outcome. Results: Of 782 OHCA patients transported to the study hospital, 453 (58%) received TTM. Of these, 258 (57%) were treated during the 33°C period (TTM33) and 195 (43%) were treated during the 36°C period (TTM36). Patients treated during TTM33 were older (57 vs. 52 years, p&lt;0.05) and had more arrests of cardiac etiology (45 vs. 35%, p &lt;0.05), but otherwise had similar baseline characteristics, including initial rhythm. 40% of patients treated during TTM33 survived with favorable neurologic outcome, compared with 30% in the TTM36 group (p&lt;0.05). After adjustment for demographic and cardiac arrest characteristics, TTM33 was associated with increased odds of neurologically-intact survival to discharge (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.09-2.94). TTM33 was not associated with significantly improved hospital mortality. TTM was implemented faster (1.9 vs 3.5 hours from 911 call, p&lt;0.001) and more frequently in the emergency department during the TTM33 period. (87 vs. 55%, p&lt;0.001) Conclusion: Comatose, adult OHCA patients treated during the TTM33 period had higher odds of neurologically-intact survival to hospital discharge compared with those treated during the TTM36 period. Our findings may be explained by earlier and more aggressive TTM implementation during the TTM33 period, secular changes in patient characteristics or care, or a biological effect of lower temperature not detected in recent trials.
Cosmetic surgeon is suspended for series of failures in patient care
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2019)

A cosmetic surgeon has been suspended from the UK medical register for nine months for failures in obtaining informed consent, pressuring a patient into surgery by offering a discount, and laughing when passing on a patient’s complaint of sexual assault by another doctor.

Ashish Dutta is the nominated member for the European Society of Aesthetic Surgery on the European Commission for Standardisation of Aesthetic Surgery Services. He is also an examiner for the World Board of Cosmetic Surgery.

Dutta qualified in Calcutta in 1988, and after moving to the UK he worked in hospitals for 10 years in a variety of specialties including surgery before becoming a full time GP in 1996. He became clinical governance lead for the local primary care group in Sunderland but left general practice in 2005. He opened two private cosmetic surgery clinics in …
Mutational Landscape of Grey Zone Lymphoma
Authors: Clementine Sarkozy, Stacy Hung, Katsuyoshi Takata, Elizabeth Chavez, Tomohiro Aoki, Gerben Duns, Graham W Slack, Adele Telenius, Tomoko Miyata-Takata, Elena Viganò, Thierry Jo Molina, Diane Damotte, Susana Ben-Neriah, Christiane Copie-Bergman, Camille Laurent, Anja Mottok, Gilles Salles, Kerry J Savage, David W. Scott, Alexandra Traverse-Glehen, Christian Steidl
Journal: Blood (2019)
Organotypic brain slice cultures to model neurodegenerative proteinopathies
Authors: C. L. Croft, H. S. Futch, B. D. Moore, T. E. Golde
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2019)

Abstract Organotypic slice cultures of brain or spinal cord have been a longstanding tool in neuroscience research but their utility for understanding Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative proteinopathies has only recently begun to be evaluated. Organotypic brain slice cultures (BSCs) represent a physiologically relevant three-dimensional model of the brain. BSCs support all the central nervous system (CNS) cell types and can be produced from brain areas involved in neurodegenerative disease. BSCs can be used to better understand the induction and significance of proteinopathies underlying the development and progression of AD and other neurodegenerative disorders, and in the future may serve as bridging technologies between cell culture and in vivo experiments for the development and evaluation of novel therapeutic targets and strategies. We review the initial development and general use of BSCs in neuroscience research and highlight the advantages of these cultures as an ex vivo model. Subsequently we focus on i) BSC-based modeling of AD and other neurodegenerative proteinopathies ii) use of BSCs to understand mechanisms underlying these diseases and iii) how BSCs can serve as tools to screen for suitable therapeutics prior to in vivo investigations. Finally, we will examine i) open questions regarding the use of such cultures and ii) how emerging technologies such as recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) may be combined with these models to advance translational research relevant to neurodegenerative disorders.
Sub-Cutaneous Rituximab-Minichop Versus Sub-Cutaneous Rituximab-Minichop + Lenalidomide (R2-miniCHOP) in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma for Patients of 80 Years Old or More (SENIOR Study). a Multicentric Randomized Phase III Study of the Lysa
Authors: Lucie Oberic, Mathieu Puyade, Frederic Peyrade, Herve Maisonneuve, Julie Abraham, Pierre Feugier, Catherine Thieblemont, Gilles Salles, Fontanet Bijou, Gian-Matteo Pica, Philippe Ruminy, Peggy Dartigues-Cuillères, Gandhi Damaj, Philippe Gaulard, Jean-François Emile, Bettina Fabiani, Herve Tilly, Corinne Haioun, Fabrice Jardin
Journal: Blood (2019)
Adrenocortical Scintigraphy With SPECT/CT for the Diagnosis of Hepatic Adrenal Rest
Authors: Masako Kawasaki, Mana Yoshimura, Katsutoshi Sugimoto, Hirohito Takeuchi, Kazuhiro Saito
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Hepatic adrenal rest include ectopic adrenal tissue in the liver and adrenohepatic fusion. Long-lasting hyperstimulation of that tissue induces hyperplasia sometimes simulating true tumors. True autonomic tumors originating from ectopic adrenal tissue with or without hyperfunction are rare. Hepatic adrenal rest sometimes has similar imaging findings to lipid-rich hepatocellular carcinoma or angiomyolipoma, containing obvious lipid component. But in our cases, tumors showed hypervascular patterns similar to hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma. Therefore, adrenocortical scintigraphy with SPECT/CT should be taken into consideration to diagnose tumoral lesions in the posterior segment of the right hepatic lobe with or without an obvious lipid component.
Transcriptional Regulation of Coenzyme Q Biosynthesis By TIF1γ Drives Erythropoiesis
Authors: Marlies P. Rossmann, Karen Hoi, Victoria Chan, Julie R. Perlin, Elliott J. Hagedorn, Brian J. Abraham, Song Yang, Lucas B. Sullivan, Curtis R. Warren, Sejal Vyas, Eugenia Custo-Creig, Bilguujin Dorjsuren, Chad Cowan, Marcia C. Haigis, Richard A. Young, Leonard I Zon
Journal: Blood (2019)
Integrated Genomics and Functional Validation Identifies a Global Kinase Gene Signature Impacting Genome Stability in Myeloma
Authors: Subodh Kumar, Leutz Buon, Srikanth Talluri, Chengcheng Liao, Jialan Shi, Mychell Neptune, Chandraditya Chakraborty, Mehmet Kemal Samur, Rao Prabhala, Masood A. Shammas, Nikhil C. Munshi
Journal: Blood (2019)
Cryo-EM Structure of the African Swine Fever Virus
Authors: Sheng Liu, Yuzi Luo, Yajuan Wang, Shihua Li, Zhennan Zhao, Yuhai Bi, Junqing Sun, Ruchao Peng, Hao Song, Dongjie Zhu, Yuan Sun, Su Li, Li Zhang, Wei Wang, Yeping Sun, Jianxun Qi, Jinghua Yan, Yi Shi, Xinzheng Zhang, Peiyi Wang, Hua-Ji Qiu, George F. Gao
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2019)
Clinical and Pathological Features of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Following Maintenance Treatment with Lenalidomide for Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Mark Blaine Geyer, Brian C. Shaffer, Heather Landau, Hani Hassoun, Christopher Famulare, Mikhail Roshal, Ahmet Dogan, Maria E. Arcila, Jae H. Park
Journal: Blood (2017)
Persisting higher prevalence of hepatitis A virus RNA in blood donors, France, 2018
Authors: Pierre Gallian, Valérie Barlet, Lina Mouna, Sylvie Gross, Pascal Morel, Sophie Le Cam, Céline Ricard, Claude Maugard, Elodie Pouchol, Benoit Flan, Catherine Visse, Rachid Djoudi, Julie Figoni, Henriette De Valk, Pierre Tiberghien, Anne-Marie Roque-Afonso
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2019)

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A commentary on “continuous adductor canal block is a better choice compared to single shot after primary total knee arthroplasty: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials” (Int J Surg 2019 Oct 12. pii: S1743-9191(19)30277-8. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2019.10.012. [Epub ahead of print])
Authors: Chengyu Chen, Junfeng Liu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2019)