tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ferritins as natural and artificial nanozymes for theranostics
Authors: Bing Jiang, Long Fang, Kongming Wu, Xiyun Yan, Kelong Fan
Journal: Theranostics (2019)

Nanozymes are a class of nanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme-like characteristics which overcome the limitations of natural enzymes such as high cost, low stability and difficulty to large scale preparation. Nanozymes combine the advantages of chemical catalysts and natural enzymes together, and have exhibited great potential in biomedical applications. However, the size controllable synthesis and targeting modifications of nanozymes are still challenging. Here, we introduce ferritin nanozymes to solve these problems. Ferritins are natural nanozymes which exhibit intrinsic enzyme-like activities (e.g. ferroxidase, peroxidase). In addition, by biomimetically synthesizing nanozymes inside the ferritin protein shells, artificial ferritin nanozymes are introduced, which possess the advantages of versatile self-assembly ferritin nanocage and enzymatic activity of nanozymes. Ferritin nanozymes provide a new horizon for the development of nanozyme in disease targeted theranostics research. The emergence of ferritin nanozyme also inspires us to learn from the natural nanostructures to optimize or rationally design nanozymes. In this review, the intrinsic enzyme-like activities of ferritin and bioengineered synthesis of ferritin nanozyme were summarized. After that, the applications of ferritin nanozymes were covered. Finally, the advantages, challenges and future research directions of advanced ferritin nanozymes for biomedical research were discussed.
Precordial ST segment elevation in acute ischemia caused by right coronary artery occlusion.
Authors: Hirotaka Oda, Tsutomu Miida, Hironori Sato, Norio Higuma, Tetsurou Toeda
Journal: Circulation (1992)

The purpose of this study is to determine why precordial ST elevation (V1 lead) occurs during acute occlusion of the right coronary artery (RCA). Nineteen patients with vasospastic angina, in whom ergonovine administration into RCA provoked spasms, were divided into 2 groups by precordial ST change during spasms. Group I (n = 6) had precordial ST elevation; group II (n = 13) had no precordial ST elevation. A subgroup, IIA was comprised 6 patients in group II with spasms in the RCA proximal segment (segment number less than 2 of AHA coronary classification). None had left coronary dominancy. There was no difference in collateral flow during spasms. Location of spasms in group I was in the RCA proximal segment, and was significantly more proximal compared to group II. There was no difference in sigma ST in II, III, aVF between group I and II or IIA. Max ST elevation time by which duration of ischemia was estimated was significantly longer in group I than in group IIA. Three patients in group I displayed precordial ST depression before elevation, in all of whom in sigma ST in II, III, aVF was higher during precordial ST elevation than during depression. During acute occlusion in the RCA proximal segment, precordial ST elevation is caused by ischemia of the right ventricular anterior wall. Furthermore, precordial ST elevation can occur in a patient with RCA dominance, even if ischemic injury in the left ventricular infero-posterior wall increases progressively.
Mixing Apples and Oranges in Assessing Outcomes of Repetitive Transcranial Stimulation Meta-Analyses
Authors: Andre R. Brunoni, Martijn Arns, Chris Baeken, Daniel Blumberger, Jerome Brunelin, Linda L. Carpenter, Jonathan Downar, Daniel Keeser, Berthold Langguth, Fady Rachid, Alexander T. Sack, Fidel Vila-Rodriguez, Frank Padberg
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2019)
英格兰和威尔士地区儿童恶性肿瘤与高压输电线距离的关系：一项病例-对照研究
Authors: Gerald, Tim, Vincent, Mary, Kroll, John, Swanson, 李勇（译）
Journal: BMJ (2005)

目的 确定英格兰和威尔士地区儿童白血病及其他癌症发病率是否与其出生时家庭地址与高压电线的距离存在关系。 设计 病例-对照研究。 设置 癌症登记处和国家电力供应网的记录。 对象1962-1995年，英格兰和威尔士地区出生的0-14岁的29081名癌症患儿中包括9700名白血病患儿。对照组依照性别、大致相同的出生日期、出生登记处等予以个体匹配。并不强求积极参与。 主要结果测定 儿童出生时的家庭地址与当时最近的高架高压输电线问的距离（以下有时简称为距离）。 结果 与生活在距输电线超过600米的儿童相比，距输电线200米之内的儿童患白血病的相对危险度为1．69（95％可信区间为1．13-2．53）；200-600米间的发病相对危险度为1．23（1．02-1．49）。白血病发病风险与输电线相互距离的倒数存在显著相关性（P〈0．01）。毗邻输电线未发现增加儿童其他癌症的额外发病风险。 结论 儿童白血病发病风险与出生时家庭地址距高压电线的远近存在相关关系，且风险程度超出了以往研究的预期。在英格兰和威尔士地区，出生时生活在距离高压输电线600米内的白血病患儿约占4％。如果这种相关是偶然的，那么在该地区约1％的儿童白血病是由于高压输电线导致的，尽管这种估计在统计学上具有相当的不确定性。没有其他可接受的生物学机制来解释这些流行病学结果；事实上这种联系可能源于偶然或混杂。
Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Peter M. Eckman, Jason N. Katz, Aly El Banayosy, Erin A. Bohula, Benjamin Sun, Sean van Diepen
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has evolved, from a therapy that was selectively applied in the pediatric population in tertiary centers, to more widespread use in diverse forms of cardiopulmonary failure in all ages. We provide a practical review for cardiovascular clinicians on the application of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adult patients with cardiogenic shock, including epidemiology of cardiogenic shock, indications, contraindications, and the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit. We also summarize cannulation techniques, practical management and troubleshooting, prognosis, and weaning and exit strategies, with attention to end of life and ethical considerations.
NADPH oxidase 4 mediates the protective effects of physical activity against obesity-induced vascular dysfunction
Authors: Heike Brendel, Amna Shahid, Anja Hofmann, Jennifer Mittag, Stefan R Bornstein, Henning Morawietz, Coy Brunssen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2019)

Abstract Aims Physical activity is one of the most potent strategies to prevent endothelial dysfunction. Recent evidence suggests vaso-protective properties of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced by main endothelial NADPH oxidase isoform 4 (Nox4) in the vasculature. Therefore, we hypothesized that Nox4 connects physical activity with vaso-protective effects. Methods and results Analysis of the endothelial function using Mulvany Myograph showed endothelial dysfunction in wild-type (WT) as well as in C57BL/6J/ Nox4−/− (Nox4−/−) mice after 20 weeks on high-fat diet (HFD). Access to running wheels during the HFD prevented endothelial dysfunction in WT but not in Nox4−/− mice. Mechanistically, exercise led to an increased H2O2 release in the aorta of WT mice with increased phosphorylation of eNOS pathway member AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1). Both H2O2 release and phosphorylation of AKT1 were diminished in aortas of Nox4−/− mice. Deletion of Nox4 also resulted in lower intracellular calcium release proven by reduced phenylephrine-mediated contraction, whilst potassium-induced contraction was not affected. H2O2 scavenger catalase reduced phenylephrine-induced contraction in WT mice. Supplementing H2O2 increased phenylephrine-induced contraction in Nox4−/− mice. Exercise-induced peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (Ppargc1a), as key regulator of mitochondria biogenesis in WT but not Nox4−/− mice. Furthermore, exercise-induced citrate synthase activity and mitochondria mass were reduced in the absence of Nox4. Thus, Nox4−/− mice became less active and ran less compared with WT mice. Conclusions Nox4 derived H2O2 plays a key role in exercise-induced adaptations of eNOS and Ppargc1a pathway and intracellular calcium release. Hence, loss of Nox4 diminished physical activity performance and vascular protective effects of exercise.
Tailor‐Made Polymer Nano‐Assembly with Switchable Function and Amplified Anti‐Tumor Therapy
Authors: Lixia Guo, Haoping Wang, Yunxia Wang, Liheng Feng
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2019)

Abstract The difficulty in killing tumor cells due to the tendency to metastasis and drug resistance are outstanding and urgent problems for the treatment of cancer. It is imperative to figure out an effective therapy strategy to break the treatment dilemmas. Nano self‐assembly has the characteristics of flexible regulation, biological compatibility, and easy access. Herein, an albumin‐polymer nano‐assembly with switchable cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) amplification capability is developed for anti‐tumor therapy. The nano‐assembly (PFFBT@HSA) is comprised of conjugated polymer PFFBT and natural protein human serum albumin (HSA) via the hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. The innovative switchable strategy is proposed and realized by HSA turning off the cytotoxicity of PFFBT and then turning on and enhancing the cytotoxicity by generating massive ROS upon light irradiation. The combination of HSA provides more stable microenvironment to benefit the generation of highly effective anti‐tumor model of “0+1&gt;1”. These results display that the nanostructured self‐assembly and the proposed anti‐tumor regulation strategy are effective, which will contribute to the diversified treatment of cancer.
Anti-retroviral drugs used to treat a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and cancer-related fatigue.
Authors: Judy Mikovits, Michael Snyderman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e22039 Background: The only known human cancer retrovirus, HTLV1 causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma of which some respond to AZT+ alpha interferon. The existence of human retroviruses originating from murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) and their role in human cancer has been debated since the 1970s. A previously untreated 68 y.o. Oncologist with B-cell CLL and Cancer-Related Fatigue (CRF) was studied for retrovirus to determine if he could be treated with anti-retroviral drugs (arvs). His history included autoimmune disorders. Methods: Antibody detection: Alter et al. 2012. Gag detection: Mikovits et al. 2010. Results: Antibody to MLV envelope antigen and Gag RNA was detected. The Gag sequence was similar to MLVs but sufficiently different from the laboratory generated, XMRV which has no natural history in Man to rule it out. Proinflammatory cytokines were elevated. Trisomy 12 was present. By day 571 of his CLL the ALC doubling time decreased to &lt; 1 year and he developed disabling CRF. AZT and raltegravir were started day 899. ALC, cytokine levels and CRF improved. After 9 months CLL parameters relapsed and then responded to adding tenofovir. This response lasted 3 months and then relapsed. Addition of lopinavir induced a response of parameters now ongoing 9 months. Total time on treatment is 29 months without toxicity and with improved CRF. In addition to his CLL there was a measurable T-cell clone and monocytosis both of which rose and fell with relapses and responses of the CLL to arvs but at different rates. Conclusions: A common human neoplasm was successfully treated with arvs. The drugs used were 2 Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors, an Integrase inhibitor and a Protease inhibitor developed for HIV treatment. There is nothing unusual or unique about this patient’s neoplasm and his case should stimulate further research. The role of retrovirus in cancer and CRF and whether arvs could be beneficial to patients identified as having a retroviral associated cancer and CRF should be studied. In addition, the significance of this patient’s clonal T-cell expansion and monocytosis and their production of cytokines should be examined. [Table: see text]
High Levels of Interleukin-12 Are Associated with Reduced Incidence of Relapse and Death without Increasing Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (AGVHD) after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT).
Authors: Vijay Reddy, Andrew G. Winer, Erika Eksioglu, Jeffery Levine, Herwig-Ulf Meier-Kriesche, Jesse Schold, Harvey Mossak, John R. Wingard
Journal: Blood (2004)
Characteristics of ventricular premature contractions and their clinical course.
Authors: Yukihiro Fujimoto, Yuji Hirokane, Masaharu Fukuki, Tetuya Doi, Kinya Shirota, Hiroshi Kotake, Hiroto Mashiba
Journal: Circulation (1994)

One hundred patients with frequent (>1, 000 beats/day) ventricular premature contractions (VPCs) were followed for 4 years. All of the patients, except those with non-cardiac death (n = 8), were classified into 3 groups based on their outcome. Group A consisted of 29 patients with idiopathic VPCs who survived the study period. Group B consisted of 49 patients with underlying diseases who survived the study period. Group C consisted of 14 patients who suffered cardiac death. There was no significant difference in the daily number of VPCs. However, groups B and C had more patients with Lown grade 4a or 4b VPCs than group A. The mean coupling interval was significantly longer in group C than in group A, and the standard deviation of the coupling interval was significantly larger in group C than in group A. Forty patients underwent serial Holter monitorings to assess changes in the number of VPCs. VPCs spontaneously decreased in 13 patients, while the other 27 patients continued to have frequent VPCs. Most of these 13 patients were classified as Lown grade 2. The results suggest that in patients with frequent VPCs, longer and more varied coupling intervals may predict a poor prognosis, and Lown grade 2 may predict a spontaneous regression.
Deletion of AMPK-Alpha2 intensifies the insulin-induced p70S6K activation in normoxic heart and the isoproterenol-induced ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: Elham Zarrinpashneh, Christophe Beauloye, Jean-Louis Vanoverschelde, Audrey Ginion, Anne-Catherine Pouleur, Sandrine Horman, Louis Hue, Benoit Viollet, Luc Bertrand
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Abnormal Peyer patch development and B-cell gut homing drive IgA deficiency in Kabuki syndrome
Authors: Genay O. Pilarowski, Tareian Cazares, Li Zhang, Joel S. Benjamin, Ke Liu, Sajjeev Jagannathan, Nadeem Mousa, Jennifer Kasten, Artem Barski, Andrew W. Lindsley, Hans T. Bjornsson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)
Polygenic risk scores and skin cancer
Authors: M.R. Roberts, M.M. Asgari, A.E. Toland
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

Melanoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are the most common skin cancer types in fair-skinned individuals.Risk of developing cancer is partly due to genetic factors, meaning that individuals who inherit certain DNA variations have an increased susceptibility to cancer.Disease-associated variations are often identified using genome-wide association studies (GWAS), in which millions of variants are assessed for impact on disease risk.Although individual variants generally do not predict risk, combining the effects of many variants into a polygenic risk score (PRS) may be informative in identifying individuals with increased skin cancer risk.Researchers based at Massachusetts General Hospital and The Ohio State University in the USA reviewed published genetic studies of skin cancer risk, by searching two databases of scientific publications.Twenty-one GWAS and 11 PRS studies for skin cancer were identified which showed that genes involved in skin colour affected all three cancer types, and some of the risk variants overlapped between types.Different PRS were associated with approximately 2-to-3-fold increases in risk of developing melanoma, cSCC, and BCC.Addition of non-genetic risk factors to the PRS for melanoma led to improved risk prediction ability of 2-7%.For cSCC and BCC, small improvements in predictive ability of about 2% were observed when PRS were used with other non-genetic factors.The authors concluded that while existing data indicate that PRS may modestly improve the ability to accurately predict risk of developing melanoma, cSCC, or BCC, additional research is needed to clarify their clinical usefulness in assessing skin cancer risk.
CD8-Depleted Donor Lymphocyte Infusions Convert Mixed into Complete Donor T-Cell Chimerism after T-Cell Depleted Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation.
Authors: Ralf G Meyer, Eva M Wagner, Timo Schmitt, Klaus Bender, Udo F Hartwig, Christoph Huber, Karin Kolbe, Wolfgang Herr
Journal: Blood (2008)
A Patient With Psychiatric Illness and Multiple Hemorrhages
Authors: Eske van Baalen, Marija Trajkovic, Henk-Jan Boiten
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 16318: Impact of a Plant-Based Nutrition Intervention on the 10-Year Ascvd Risk in African Americans
Authors: Setri Fugar, Ibtihaj A Fughhi, Ronald McDaniel, Sharon Gates, Stephen Sawyer, Terry Mason, Kim A Williams
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading cause of death in the USA, and the CVD mortality rate of African Americans (AA’s) was 1.21 times that of whites in 2...
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health in 22 European Countries: European Union Working Group on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health
Authors: J.P. Mackenbach, I. Stirbu, A.J.R. Roskam, M.M. Schaap, G. Menvielle, M. Leinsalu, A.E. Kunst, Pekka Martikainen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)
Results of a Phase 1 Trial of Gda-201, Nicotinamide-Expanded Allogeneic Natural Killer (NK) Cells in Patients with Refractory Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) and Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Veronika Bachanova, Joseph Maakaron, David H. McKenna, Qing Cao, Todd E. DeFor, Fiona He, Murali Janakiram, Rose Wangen, Zuzan Cayci, Bartosz Grzywacz, Ronit Simantov, Tracey Lodie, Jeffrey S. Miller
Journal: Blood (2020)
Abstract 12587: Natural History and ICD Implantation Rate Following Revascularization for Stable Coronary Artery Disease With Depressed Ejection Fraction
Authors: Geoffrey F Lewis, Lauren Vazquez, Freddy M Abi Samra, Michael L Bernard, Sammy Khatib, Glenn M Polin, Daniel P Morin
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Objectives: We sought to describe practice patterns related to ICD implantation following revascularization in patients with stable CAD and a depressed LVEF. Background: Following revascularization...
Gene Expression Profiling of Hyperdiploid Multiple Reveal Complex Gene Dosage Effects and an mRNA Translation/Protein Synthesis Signature.
Authors: Wee-Joo Chng, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Tammy Price-Troska, Kim Henderson, Marta Chesi, Tae-Hoon Chung, Seungchan Kim, John Carpten, Morie Gertz, S. Vincent Rajkumar, Martha Lacy, Robert Kyle, Philip Greipp, Angela Dispenzieri, Peter Leif Bergsagel, Rafael Fonseca
Journal: Blood (2005)
Acid‐Triggered Charge‐Convertible Graphene‐Based All‐in‐One Nanocomplex for Enhanced Genetic Phototherapy of Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Chunhui Wu, Yuan Tian, Yingxue Zhang, Jiming Xu, Yikun Wang, Xiaotian Guan, Tingting Li, Hong Yang, Shun Li, Xiang Qin, Yiyao Liu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2019)

Abstract Highly efficient and stimulus‐responsive nanomedicines for cancer treatment are currently receiving tremendous attention. In this study, an acid‐triggered charge‐reversible graphene‐based all‐in‐one nanocomplex is appropriately designed by surface modification with multilayer polymers and simultaneous co‐transportation of photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) and oligonucleotide inhibitor of miR‐21 (miR‐21i) to achieve highly efficient genetic phototherapy in a controlled manner. The nanocomplex (denoted as GPCP/miR‐21i/ICG ) effectively protects miR‐21i from degradation and exhibits excellent photothermal/photochemical reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation as well as fluorescence imaging ability. The cargoes ICG and miR‐21i can significantly be released at acidic pH compared with normal physiological medium and escaped from endosomes/lysosomes due to the acid‐triggered charge reversal effect. Typically, the released miR‐21i downregulate the endogenous miR‐21 and result in the upregulation of the target proteins PTEN and Bax, thus increasing the phototherapeutic efficiency of ICG. High in vivo anticancer efficiency against the MDA‐MB‐231 triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) model is obtained due to the combination of genetic regulation of miR‐21i and the photokilling effect of ICG. This work highlights the great potential of this smart nanocomplex as an attractive modality of gene‐photo combined treatment of cancer, especially for intractable TNBC.
Associations Among Body Mass Index, Cortical Thickness, and Executive Function in Children
Authors: Jennifer S. Laurent, Richard Watts, Shana Adise, Nicholas Allgaier, Bader Chaarani, Hugh Garavan, Alexandra Potter, Scott Mackey
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2019)

<h3>Importance</h3> A total of 25.7 million children in the United States are classified as overweight or obese. Obesity is associated with deficits in executive function, which may contribute to poor dietary decision-making. Less is known about the associations between being overweight or obese and brain development. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine whether body mass index (BMI) is associated with thickness of the cerebral cortex and whether cortical thickness mediates the association between BMI and executive function in children. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> In this cross-sectional study, cortical thickness maps were derived from T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance images of a large, diverse sample of 9 and 10-year-old children from 21 US sites. List sorting, flanker, matrix reasoning, and Wisconsin card sorting tasks were used to assess executive function. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> A 10-fold nested cross-validation general linear model was used to assess mean cortical thickness from BMI across cortical brain regions. Associations between BMI and executive function were explored with Pearson partial correlations. Mediation analysis examined whether mean prefrontal cortex thickness mediated the association between BMI and executive function. <h3>Results</h3> Among 3190 individuals (mean [SD] age, 10.0 [0.61] years; 1627 [51.0%] male), those with higher BMI exhibited lower cortical thickness. Eighteen cortical regions were significantly inversely associated with BMI. The greatest correlations were observed in the prefrontal cortex. The BMI was inversely correlated with dimensional card sorting (<i>r</i> = −0.088,<i>P</i> &lt; .001), list sorting (<i>r</i> = −0.061,<i>P</i> &lt; .003), and matrix reasoning (<i>r</i> = −0.095,<i>P</i> &lt; .001) but not the flanker task. Mean prefrontal cortex thickness mediated the association between BMI and list sorting (mean [SE] indirect effect, 0.014 [0.008]; 95% CI, 0.001-0.031) but not the matrix reasoning or card sorting task. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> These results suggest that BMI is associated with prefrontal cortex development and diminished executive functions, such as working memory.
A once-a-month oral contraceptive
Authors: Ameya R. Kirtane, Tiffany Hua, Alison Hayward, Ambika Bajpayee, Aniket Wahane, Aaron Lopes, Taylor Bensel, Lihong Ma, Frank Z. Stanczyk, Sierra Brooks, Declan Gwynne, Jacob Wainer, Joy Collins, Siddartha M. Tamang, Robert Langer, Giovanni Traverso
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2019)

An oral dosage form that resides in the stomach releases the contraceptive levonorgestrel over 1 month in pigs.