tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults
Authors: Hannah H Nam, Michael G Ison
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) belongs to the recently defined Pneumoviridae family, Orthopneumovirus genus. It is a negative sense, single stranded RNA virus that results in epidemics of respiratory infections that typically peak in the winter in temperate climates and during the rainy season in tropical climates. Generally, one of the two genotypes (A and B) predominates in a single season, alternating annually, although regional variation occurs. RSV is a cause of disease and death in children, older people, and immunocompromised patients, and its clinical effect on adults admitted to hospital is clarified with expanded use of multiplex molecular assays. Among adults, RSV produces a wide range of clinical symptoms including upper respiratory tract infections, severe lower respiratory tract infections, and exacerbations of underlying disease. Here we discuss the latest evidence on the burden of RSV related disease in adults, especially in those with immunocompromise or other comorbidities. We review current therapeutic and prevention options, as well as those in development.
Mindfulness-Based Therapy Regulates Brain Connectivity in Major Depression
Authors: Michael Lifshitz, Matthew D. Sacchet, Julia M. Huntenburg, Thomas Thiery, Yan Fan, Matti Gärtner, Simone Grimm, Emilia Winnebeck, Maria Fissler, Titus A. Schroeter, Daniel S. Margulies, Thorsten Barnhofer
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2019)
‘Slope sign’: a feature of large vessel vasculitis?
Authors: Bhaskar Dasgupta, Kate Smith, Abdullah Abu Syeed Khan, Fiona Coath, Richard J Wakefield
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

Ultrasound (US) scanning in the diagnosis of large vessel giant cell arteritis (LV-GCA) is becoming more prevalent, with the advantage of being non-invasive and free of ionising radiation.1 The recent European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations suggest that US should be the first-line investigation for cases of suspected GCA where adequate equipment and expertise is available.2 3 US is also having a more prominent role in disease monitoring. Biologics such as Tocilizumab have now been approved to treat relapsing and refractory LV-GCA; however, it has been noted that while Tocilizumab may suppress serum inflammatory markers (ie, C reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)) it may underestimate on-going vessel wall disease activity.4 Consequently, the use of US …
The assessment and management of insomnia: an update
Authors: Andrew D. Krystal, Aric A. Prather, Liza H. Ashbrook
Journal: World Psychiatry (2019)

Insomnia poses significant challenges to public health. It is a common condition associated with marked impairment in function and quality of life, psychiatric and physical morbidity, and accidents. As such, it is important that effective treatment is provided in clinical practice. To this end, this paper reviews critical aspects of the assessment of insomnia and the available treatment options. These options include both non-medication treatments, most notably cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, and a variety of pharmacologic therapies such as benzodiazepines, "z-drugs", melatonin receptor agonists, selective histamine H1 antagonists, orexin antagonists, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, and non-selective antihistamines. A review of the available research indicates that rigorous double-blind, randomized, controlled trials are lacking for some of the most commonly administered insomnia therapies. However, there are an array of interventions which have been demonstrated to have therapeutic effects in insomnia in trials with the above features, and whose risk/benefit profiles have been well characterized. These interventions can form the basis for systematic, evidence-based treatment of insomnia in clinical practice. We review this evidence base and highlight areas where more studies are needed, with the aim of providing a resource for improving the clinical management of the many patients with insomnia.
Association of Liver-Directed Local Therapy With Overall Survival in Adults With Metastatic Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Nikhil T. Sebastian, Yubo Tan, Eric D. Miller, Terence M. Williams, Anne M. Noonan, John L. Hays, Sherif Abdel-Misih, Dayssy Alexandra Diaz
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive hepatobiliary malignant neoplasm characterized by local progression and frequent metastasis. Definitive local therapy to the liver in the setting of metastatic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma may improve overall survival.To compare the overall survival of patients with metastatic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma treated with chemotherapy alone vs chemotherapy with definitive liver-directed local therapy.This cohort study used the National Cancer Database to identify 2201 patients with metastatic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma diagnosed between January 2004 and December 2014 who received chemotherapy with or without hepatic surgery or external beam radiation to a dose 45 Gy or higher. Multiple imputation, Cox proportional hazards, propensity score matching, and landmark analysis were used to adjust for confounding variables. Analyses were performed between September 2018 and February 2019.Chemotherapy alone and chemotherapy with liver-directed surgery or radiation.Overall survival.A total of 2201 patients (1131 [51.4%] male; median [interquartile range] age, 63 [55-71] years) who received chemotherapy alone (2097 [95.3%]) or chemotherapy with liver-directed local therapy (total, 104 [4.7%]; surgery, 76 [73.1%]; radiation, 28 [26.9%]) were identified. Patients treated with chemotherapy alone had larger median (interquartile range) primary tumor size (7.0 [4.4-10.0] cm vs 5.6 [4.0-8.3] cm; P = .048) and higher frequency of lung metastases (383 [25.9%] vs 7 [6.7%]; P = .004). Patients treated with liver-directed local therapy had higher frequency of distant lymph node metastases (34 [32.7%] vs 528 [25.2%]; P = .045). Liver-directed local therapy was associated with higher overall survival compared with chemotherapy alone on multivariable analysis (hazard ratio [HR], 0.60; 95% CI, 0.48-0.74; P < .001). A total of 208 patients treated with chemotherapy alone were propensity score matched with 104 patients treated with chemotherapy plus liver-directed local therapy. Liver-directed local therapy continued to be associated with higher overall survival (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.44-0.74; P < .001), which persisted on landmark analysis at 3 months (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47-0.79; log-rank P < .001), 6 months (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.50-0.92; log-rank P = .01), and 12 months (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.47-0.98; log-rank P = .04).In this study, the addition of hepatic surgery or irradiation to chemotherapy was associated with higher overall survival when compared with chemotherapy alone in patients with metastatic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. These findings may be valuable given the paucity of available data for this disease and should be validated in an independent cohort or prospective study.
Prevalence of Oral HPV Infection in Unvaccinated Men and Women in the United States, 2009-2016
Authors: Anil K. Chaturvedi, Barry I. Graubard, Tatevik Broutian, Weihong Xiao, Robert K. L. Pickard, Lisa Kahle, Maura L. Gillison
Journal: JAMA (2019)

To estimate changes in oral human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence attributable to vaccination vs herd immunity, this national survey study uses National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data to compare oral HPV prevalence for 4 types targeted by HPV vaccine and 33 nonvaccine types in unvaccinated US adults aged 18 to 59 years from 2009 to 2016.
Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Receptor Therapies for the Treatment of Obesity, Do Agonists = Antagonists?
Authors: Elizabeth A Killion, Shu-Chen Lu, Madeline Fort, Yuichiro Yamada, Murielle M Véniant, David J Lloyd
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2019)

Abstract Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) is associated with obesity in human genome-wide association studies. Similarly, mouse genetic studies indicate that loss of function alleles and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide overexpression both protect from high-fat diet–induced weight gain. Together, these data provide compelling evidence to develop therapies targeting GIPR for the treatment of obesity. Further, both antagonists and agonists alone prevent weight gain, but result in remarkable weight loss when codosed or molecularly combined with glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs preclinically. Here, we review the current literature on GIPR, including biology, human and mouse genetics, and pharmacology of both agonists and antagonists, discussing the similarities and differences between the 2 approaches. Despite opposite approaches being investigated preclinically and clinically, there may be viability of both agonists and antagonists for the treatment of obesity, and we expect this area to continue to evolve with new clinical data and molecular and pharmacological analyses of GIPR function.
Preliminary Results from a Phase 1 Study of HMPL-523, a Highly Selective Syk Inhibitor, in Chinese Patients with Mature B-Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Jun Zhu, Junning Cao, Lugui Qiu, Junyuan Qi, Yuqin Song, Meifeng Tu, Dongmei Ji, Weina Shen, Mingyuan Sun, Ye Hua, Chen Yang, Chen Yu, Jian Wang, Guangxiu Dai, Weiguo Su
Journal: Blood (2018)
Mortality and costs following extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in critically ill adults: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Shannon M. Fernando, Danial Qureshi, Peter Tanuseputro, Eddy Fan, Laveena Munshi, Bram Rochwerg, Robert Talarico, Damon C. Scales, Daniel Brodie, Sonny Dhanani, Anne-Marie Guerguerian, Sam D. Shemie, Kednapa Thavorn, Kwadwo Kyeremanteng
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2019)
The effect of minority status and social context on the development of depression and anxiety: a longitudinal study of Puerto Rican descent youth
Authors: Margarita Alegria, Patrick E. Shrout, Glorisa Canino, Kiara Alvarez, Ye Wang, Hector Bird, Sheri Lapatin Markle, Maria Ramos‐Olazagasti, Doryliz  Vila Rivera, Benjamin Lê Cook, George J. Musa, Irene Falgas‐Bague, Amanda NeMoyer, Georgina Dominique, Cristiane Duarte
Journal: World Psychiatry (2019)

Few longitudinal studies have explored to date whether minority status in disadvantaged neighborhoods conveys risk for negative mental health outcomes, and the mechanisms possibly leading to such risk. We investigated how minority status influences four developmental mental health outcomes in an ethnically homogeneous sample of Puerto Rican youth. We tested models of risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), depressive and anxiety symptoms (DAS), and psychological distress, as Puerto Rican youth (aged 5‐13 years) transitioned to early adulthood (15‐29 years) in two sites, one where they grew up as a majority (the island of Puerto Rico), and another where they were part of a minority group (South Bronx, New York). At baseline, a stratified sample of 2,491 Puerto Rican youth participated from the two sites. After baseline assessment (Wave 1), each youth participant and one caregiver were assessed annually for two years, for a total of three time points (Waves 1‐3). From April 2013 to August 2017, participants were contacted for a Wave 4 interview, and a total of 2,004 young people aged 15 to 29 years participated in the assessment (response rate adjusted for eligibility = 82.8%). Using a quasi‐experimental design, we assessed impacts of minority status on MDD, GAD, DAS and psychological distress. Via mediation analyses, we explored potential mechanisms underlying the observed relationships. Data from 1,863 Puerto Rican youth (after exclusion of those with MDD or GAD during Waves 1‐3) indicated links between minority status and higher rates of lifetime and past‐year GAD, DAS and past 30‐day psychological distress at Wave 4, and a marginal trend for MDD, even after adjustments. Childhood social support and peer relationships partially explained the differences, as did intercultural conflict, neighborhood discrimination, and unfair treatment in young adulthood. The experience of growing up as a minority, as defined by context, seemingly elevates psychiatric risks, with differences in social relationships and increased social stress as mediators of this relationship. Our findings suggest that interventions at the neighborhood context rather than at the individual level might be important levers to reduce risks for the development of mood disorders in minority youth.
Novel findings in immunopathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis and their role in a model of precision medicine
Authors: Xinni Xu, Yew Kwang Ong, De Yun Wang
Journal: Allergy (2019)

Our understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is continuously evolving. The traditional description of CRS in terms of two phenotypes based on the presence or absence of nasal polyps belies the underlying intricate immunopathophysiological processes responsible for this condition. CRS is being increasingly recognized as a disease spectrum encompassing a range of inflammatory states in the sinonasal cavity, with non-type 2 inflammatory disease on one end, type 2 inflammatory, eosinophil-heavy disease on the other and an overlap of both in different proportions in between. Abundance in research on the immune mechanisms of CRS has revealed various new endotypes that hold promise as biomarkers for the development of targeted therapies in severe, uncontrolled CRS. The introduction of precision medicine to manage this chronic, complex condition is a step forward in providing individualized care for all patients with CRS. In this review, the latest research on the pathophysiology of CRS with a focus on potential novel biomarkers and treatment options over the last 2 years are summarized and integrated into a suggested model of precision medicine in CRS.
CKD: A Call for an Age-Adapted Definition
Authors: Pierre Delanaye, Kitty J. Jager, Arend Bökenkamp, Anders Christensson, Laurence Dubourg, Bjørn Odvar Eriksen, François Gaillard, Giovanni Gambaro, Markus van der Giet, Richard J. Glassock, Olafur S. Indridason, Marco van Londen, Christophe Mariat, Toralf Melsom, Olivier Moranne, Gunnar Nordin, Runolfur Palsson, Hans Pottel, Andrew D. Rule, Elke Schaeffner, Maarten W. Taal, Christine White, Anders Grubb, Jan A. J. G. van den Brand
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2019)

Current criteria for the diagnosis of CKD in adults include persistent signs of kidney damage, such as increased urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio or a GFR below the threshold of 60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 . This threshold has important caveats because it does not separate kidney disease from kidney aging, and therefore does not hold for all ages. In an extensive review of the literature, we found that GFR declines with healthy aging without any overt signs of compensation (such as elevated single-nephron GFR) or kidney damage. Older living kidney donors, who are carefully selected based on good health, have a lower predonation GFR compared with younger donors. Furthermore, the results from the large meta-analyses conducted by the CKD Prognosis Consortium and from numerous other studies indicate that the GFR threshold above which the risk of mortality is increased is not consistent across all ages. Among younger persons, mortality is increased at GFR &lt;75 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 , whereas in elderly people it is increased at levels &lt;45 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 . Therefore, we suggest that amending the CKD definition to include age-specific thresholds for GFR. The implications of an updated definition are far reaching. Having fewer healthy elderly individuals diagnosed with CKD could help reduce inappropriate care and its associated adverse effects. Global prevalence estimates for CKD would be substantially reduced. Also, using an age-specific threshold for younger persons might lead to earlier identification of CKD onset for such individuals, at a point when progressive kidney damage may still be preventable.
The Potential for Machine Learning–Based Wearables to Improve Socialization in Teenagers and Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder—Reply
Authors: Catalin Voss, Nick Haber, Dennis P. Wall
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Clinicopathologic characteristics of endometrial cancer in Lynch syndrome.
Authors: Fabrice Lecuru, Julie Bouquier, marie-Aude le Frere-Belda, Cherazade Bensaid, Claude Nos, Pierre Laurent-Puig, Anne-Sophie Bats
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

5098 Background: Poor data exist on clinico-pathological description of endometrial cancer (EC) in Lynch syndrome (LS) compared with sporadic ones. To evaluate the clinico-pathological findings of Lynch-related EC to establish histological criteria to discriminate familial and sporadic EC and to decide the optimal management of patients. Methods: Retrospective study of prospective cohort of patients with LS in our institution from 1999 to 2011. We identified and described all cases of endometrial cancers. Management and follow-up were detailed. Results: Of a cohort of 126 patients with LS, 10 women developed endometrial carcinoma. The median age at diagnosis was 51 years (41-58). Five patients had an identified mutation (2 hMLH1, 2 hMSH2 and 1 hMSH6). In 9 cases, EC was the first Lynch-related tumor to occur. No patient developed ovarian cancer. All, except 2 patients (1 serous carcinoma and 1 clear cell carcinoma), had endometrioid adenocarcinoma (80%). Tumor grade was grade 1 in 3 patients, grade 2 in 5 and grade 3 in 2 patients. Forty per cent of patients had lymphovascular space involvement (LVSI). The FIGO stages were as follows: stage IA (n=7), stage IB (n=2) and stage IIIC (n=1). Four in ten patients had tumor located in the lower uterine segment. With a median follow-up of 14 months (range 9 – 40 months), recurrence occurred in one patient with a stage IB grade 2 endometrioid adenocarcinoma with LVSI. Conclusions: EC in LS is characterized by early age at onset, localization in lower uterine segment, and high rate of LVSI. Other data on histology and survival do not differ from sporadic cancers. These results suggest that we can consider conservative treatment in patients with good prognosis tumors. Further studies are required.
Abstract 11340: The Plasma Membrane Calcium ATPase 4 Signaling in Cardiac Fibroblasts Mediates Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy (Best of Basic Science Abstract)
Authors: Tamer M Mohamed, Riham AbouLeisa, Nicholas Stafford, Min Zi, Sukhpal Prehar, Florence Baudoin, Elizabeth Cartwright, Ludwig Neyses, Delvac Oceandy
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Plasma membrane calcium ATPase 4 (PMCA4) is a ubiquitously expressed Ca2+ pump that is important in mediating molecular signaling in the heart. Here we show a novel role of PMCA4 in cardiac fibrobl...
Sublingual Microcirculatory Imaging As a Novel Tool to Monitor for Cytokine Release Syndrome after Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy
Authors: Andrew Deitchman, Michael McCurdy, Muhammad Gilani, Aaron P. Rapoport, Kathleen Ruehle, Nancy M. Hardy, Elizabeth Hutnick, Jean Yared, Saurabh Dahiya
Journal: Blood (2018)
Autoimmune Pituitary Disease: New Concepts With Clinical Implications
Authors: Masaaki Yamamoto, Genzo Iguchi, Hironori Bando, Keitaro Kanie, Ryoko Hidaka-Takeno, Hidenori Fukuoka, Yutaka Takahashi
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2019)

Abstract Some endocrine disorders, including hypophysitis and isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency, are caused by an autoimmune response to endocrine organs. Although the pathogenesis of some autoimmune endocrine diseases has been elucidated, it remains obscure for most. Anti-PIT-1 hypophysitis (anti-PIT-1 antibody syndrome) is a newly described pituitary autoimmune disease characterized by acquired and specific growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) deficiencies. This disorder is associated with a thymoma or neoplasm that ectopically expresses pituitary-specific transcription factor 1 (PIT-1) protein. Circulating anti-PIT-1 antibody is a disease marker, and PIT-1-reactive cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play a pivotal role in disease development. In addition, isolated ACTH deficiency appears to be caused by autoimmunity to corticotrophs; however, the pathogenesis remains unclear. A recently described case of isolated ACTH deficiency with large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) showed ectopically expressed proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and circulating anti-POMC antibody and POMC-reactive CTLs were also detected. As CTL infiltrations around corticotrophs were also observed, isolated ACTH deficiency may be associated at least in part with a paraneoplastic syndrome. Although several underlying mechanisms for pituitary autoimmunity have been proposed, these observations highlight the importance of paraneoplastic syndrome as a cause of pituitary autoimmune disease. In this review, we focus on the pathophysiology and connection of anti-PIT-1 hypophysitis and isolated ACTH deficiency and discuss the state-of-art knowledge for understanding pituitary autoimmunity.
Novel Transcatheter Mitral Valve Prosthesis for Patients With Severe Mitral Annular Calcification
Authors: Paul Sorajja, Mario Gössl, Vasilis Babaliaros, David Rizik, Lenard Conradi, Richard Bae, Robert F. Burke, Ulrich Schäfer, John C. Lisko, Robert D. Riley, Robert Guyton, Nicolas Dumonteil, Pierre Berthoumieu, Didier Tchetche, Philipp Blanke, João L. Cavalcante, Benjamin Sun
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)