tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Financial ties between leaders of influential US professional medical associations and industry: cross sectional study
Authors: Ray Moynihan, Loai Albarqouni, Conrad Nangla, Adam G Dunn, Joel Lexchin, Lisa Bero
Journal: BMJ (2020)

To investigate the nature and extent of financial relationships between leaders of influential professional medical associations in the United States and pharmaceutical and device companies.Cross sectional study.Professional associations for the 10 costliest disease areas in the US according to the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Financial data for association leadership, 2017-19, were obtained from the Open Payments database.328 leaders, such as board members, of 10 professional medical associations: American College of Cardiology, Orthopaedic Trauma Association, American Psychiatric Association, Endocrine Society, American College of Rheumatology, American Society of Clinical Oncology, American Thoracic Society, North American Spine Society, Infectious Diseases Society of America, and American College of Physicians.Proportion of leaders with financial ties to industry in the year of leadership, the four years before and the year after board membership, and the nature and extent of these financial relationships.235 of 328 leaders (72%) had financial ties to industry. Among 293 leaders who were medical doctors or doctors of osteopathy, 235 (80%) had ties. Total payments for 2017-19 leadership were almost $130m (£103m; €119m), with a median amount for each leader of $31 805 (interquartile range $1157 to $254 272). General payments, including those for consultancy and hospitality, were $24.8m and research payments were $104.6m-predominantly payments to academic institutions with association leaders named as principle investigators. Variation was great among the associations: median amounts varied from $212 for the American Psychiatric Association leaders to $518 000 for the American Society of Clinical Oncology.Financial relationships between the leaders of influential US professional medical associations and industry are extensive, although with variation among the associations. The quantum of payments raises questions about independence and integrity, adding weight to calls for policy reform.
Inefficiencies in the phase II to phase III transition as a modifiable factor that is impeding successful drug development for glioblastoma.
Authors: Adithya Balasubramanian, Ashray Gunjur, Umbreen Hafeez, Sid Menon, Lawrence Cher, Sagun Parakh, Hui Kong Gan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

2516 Background: Improving the outcomes of patients with glioblastoma (GBM) represents one of the most significant challenges in neuro-oncology. We have observed inefficiencies in the availability and use of phase 2 data when planning phase 3 studies, and have undertaken a detailed review of key design parameters of phase 2 and 3 trials in GBM to identify and quantify the impact of this phenomenon. Methods: Studies between 2005-2019 inclusive were identified though MEDLINE search using keywords and MeSH terms, and manual bibliography searches. P2Ts were restricted to those referenced by the corresponding P3Ts. Clinical, statistical and sponsor characteristics were extracted by two reviewers (AB&amp;AG). For each P3T, corresponding Phase 2 trial (P2T) data was “optimally matched” (OM) where same drug was used in similar schedule and similar GBM population; “partially matched” (PM) where dis-similar schedule and/or treatment setting; and “lacking” in all other circumstances. The statistical data used in the P2/3 transition were compared by Pearson Correlation, Fisher’s Exact or Chi-square testing as appropriate. Results: Of 20 P3Ts identified, 6 (30%) lacked any phase 2 data. Of the remaining 14 P3T, 9 had 1 prior P2T, 4 had 2 P2T and 1 had 3 P2T, for a total of 20 P3T-P2T pairs (called dyads). Further, there were 13 OM dyads and 7 PM dyads. OM dyads showed strong concordance for mPFS (r 2 = 0.95, p &lt; 0.01) and mOS (r 2 = 0.84, p &lt; 0.01), whilst PM dyads did not (p &gt; 0.05). We identified several inefficiencies in translation from P2T to P3T. Firstly, 3 P3T had statistical assumptions of primary endpoint that may have been too optimistic. 2 of these P3Ts aimed for an expected endpoint that was higher than the actual outcomes from a matched P2T. 1 P3T was unable to reach the desired sample size. We note that 4 P3Ts had actual primary endpoint HRs that were &lt; 0.9 but with P &gt; 0.05. Finally, we investigated whether there were absolute thresholds for efficacy in P2Ts to inform whether to proceed with P3Ts. For P2Ts in the newly diagnosed setting, all those with mPFS &lt; 14 months and/or mOS &lt; 22 months had subsequent negative P3Ts. For P2Ts in recurrent disease, all those with mPFS &lt; 6 months and mOS &lt; 12 months had negative P3Ts. Applying these thresholds to the studies in our review, 10 of the 12 negative P3Ts (83%) with matched P2Ts need not have been initiated, sparing 4739 patients’ from unnecessary trial participation. Conclusions: Our data strongly supports the vital role of properly designed P2Ts in informing P3Ts for drug development for primary CNS tumours.
2003年世界家庭医生组织亚太地区学术年会纪要
Authors: 顾湲
Journal: BMJ (2004)

2003年11月4～7日, 以新世纪中的优质全科医疗服务为主题的2003年世界家庭医生组织(WONCA)亚太地区学术年会在北京召开.WONCA高层领导人和执委会的成员和来自亚太地区及世界其他国家和地区共300多位代表出席了会议.在3天紧张的学术交流中,各国(地区)的代表们就全科/家庭医学领域的政策、服务实践、教学和科研等各个方面进行了饶有兴味的发言与认真的探讨。
Survival outcome in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer according to first-line treatment.
Authors: Marine Gross-Goupil, Nicolas H. Thurin, Magali Rouyer, Jérémy Jové, Thibaud Haaser, Xavier Rebillard, Michel Soulie, Gérard de Pouvourville, Marie Pierrès, Camille Capone, Stéphanie Lamarque, Emmanuelle Bignon, Cécile Droz-Perroteau, Nicholas Moore, Patrick Blin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

5570 Background: Therapeutic strategy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has evolved significantly with the introduction of abiraterone acetate in association with prednisone/prednisolone in first-line treatment in December 2012. This work aimed to compare the effectiveness of abiraterone acetate and docetaxel as first-line treatments for mCRPC, in real-life setting. Methods: Patients with mCRPC were identified in the main scheme of the National Healthcare System database (SNDS), which covers about 86% of the French population, and capturing all reimbursed healthcare expenditures and hospital discharge summaries. Those initiating docetaxel or abiraterone acetate in 1 st line in 2014 were included and 1:1 matched on the previous prostate cancer stage before mCRPC status, the delay from the date of initial diagnosis and a high-dimensional propensity score. The 36-month overall survival and the 36-month discontinuation-free survival (i.e. survival time until treatment switch or death) were compared using Cox proportional hazards risk model. Results: In 2014, out of the 12,951 patients with prevalent mCRPC, 1,214 initiated docetaxel in 1 st line and 2 444 initiated abiraterone. A total of 716 patients per group were matched with good comparability (C-statistic = 0.6). The median duration of docetaxel–defined as the time between the first and the last infusion–was 7.3 months with a median of 6 infusions. The median duration of abiraterone acetate–corresponding to the period covered by the dispensed drug–was 9.1 months. Near 70% of the docetaxel and 62% of the abiraterone acetate patients received a 2 nd line of treatment. Results related to the main survival outcomes are presented in the table below. Conclusions: First-line treatment with abiraterone acetate in mCRPC patients results in a better 36-month overall survival and discontinuation-free survival compared to docetaxel in real-life setting. [Table: see text]
Assessing the need for routine safety testing for patients being treated with dupilumab for moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: A Wollenberg, L.A. Beck, A. Blauvelt, E.L. Simpson, Z. Chen, Q. Chen, B. Shumel, F.A. Khokhar, T. Hultsch, E. Rizova, A.B. Rossi, N.M.H. Graham, G. Pirozzi, Y. Lu, M. Ardeleanu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Atopic dermatitis (also known as AD or eczema) is a common skin disease that can cause intense and persistent itching and rashes. Skin creams or ointments are not suitable or effective for some patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD. In these patients, oral (taken by mouth) or injected medications may be required. Some of those oral or injected treatments could be toxic and often have unwanted side effects, especially when used for a longer period of time, so patients must be regularly tested to see whether those treatments are harming their blood or organs. Dupilumab is a newer injectable drug for treating moderate‐to‐severe AD. Dupilumab specifically targets key molecules in the body that cause AD. Dupilumab has been tested for up to one year in more than 2000 patients enroled in placebo‐controlled clinical trials. During those trials, patients provided blood and urine samples for laboratory testing while they were being treated with dupilumab or placebo (dummy drug). In this paper, the authors from Germany and the U.S.A, analysed how blood cells, blood chemistry, and urine chemistry changed during treatment, to check whether dupilumab is safe to use without the need for regular laboratory tests. After performing many routine laboratory tests on patients’ blood and urine, they found that there were no clinically important changes in test results that could be linked to dupilumab. They concluded that patients using dupilumab for moderate‐to‐severe AD do not need routine laboratory testing. This is a summary of the study: Laboratory safety of dupilumab in moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis: results from three phase III trials (LIBERTY AD SOLO 1, LIBERTY AD SOLO 2, LIBERTY AD CHRONOS)
不明原因发热122例病因诊断分析
Authors: 周晓洁, 巩路
Journal: BMJ (2008)

不明原因发热(fever of unknown origin,FUO)的病因诊断是内科领域的世界性难题,迄今还有近10%的FUO患者最终不能明确病因.现分析我院2004年至2006年收治的122例不明原因发热患者的临床诊断。
Simplified urodynamic test for stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Ning Hai, Lan Zhu, Jing-he Lang, Xin-wen Shi
Journal: BMJ (2009)

This study was to investigate the diagnosis value of simplified uredynsmic test in stress urinary incontinence. Fifty patients with stress test-confirmed urine incontinence underwent simplified urodynamic test before routine urodynamic test. Detrusor instability, max bladder volume, average flow rate, and residual urine of simple urodynamic test were compared. Simplified urodynamic test showed a sensitivity of 87%, specificity of 9/12, positive predictive value of 92%, and negative predictive value of 9/14. There was no significant difference in max bladder volume, average flow rate, and residual urine between the two tests. Simplified urodynamic test might be a reliable method for diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence, and could be used for detrnsor instability screening.

Key words: 
Urinary incontinence, stress;  Urodynamics
产前检查
Authors: 裘佳敏, 刘铭, 段涛
Journal: BMJ (2007)

产前检查(antenatal care)是贯彻预防为主,保障孕妇和胎儿健康,安全分娩和优生优育,减少妊娠合并症、并发症,降低围产期病死率的必要措施.我国于20世纪80年代初开始重视围产期保健,在全国大城市建立围产期保健网,对孕产妇进行登记和产前检查,并逐渐推向全国,现在已形成比较成熟、规范的产前检查模式,大大降低了母儿病率和死亡率。
Etctn 10388: A phase I trial of triapine and lutetium Lu 177 dotatate in well-differentiated somatostatin receptor-positive gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs).
Authors: Aman Chauhan, Charles Kunos, Riham El Khouli, Jill Kolesar, Heidi Weiss, William Edgar Carson, Mark B Evers, Mark S. Kidd, Jan Hendrik Beumer, Susanne M. Arnold, Elise C. Kohn, Lowell Brian Anthony
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

TPS4660 Background: Radiolabeled somatostatin analogues provide a means of delivering targeted radiation with a high therapeutic index to NETs that express somatostatin receptors (SSTRs). Radiolabeled somatostatin analogue Lutetium Lu 177 Dotatate (Lutathera) is a beta-emitting radionuclide, recently FDA approved for use in SSTR positive gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEPNETS) in the US based on the NETTER-1 Phase III trial. Despite favorable PFS and safety profile, the drug has limited cytoreductive capability with a 17% ORR. We hypothesize that addition of an effective radiation sensitizer could help improve antitumor activity of Lutathera. Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is the only enzyme responsible for conversion of ribonucleoside diphosphate to deoxyribonucleotide diphosphate (dNDP), the key building blocks for DNA synthesis. Radiation is a potent inducer of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), and RNR is the rate-limiting enzyme in the repair of DNA in this setting. Triapine is an inhibitor of RNR. This study will test the hypothesis that radiation sensitizer triapine can be safely combined with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy and ultimately may improve antitumor activity of Lutetium Lu 177 Dotatate. Methods: This study is an investigator initiated, NCI sponsored, multicenter phase 1 trial of triapine and Lutetium Lu 177 Dotatate in well-differentiated somatostatin receptor-positive gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (GEP-NETs) after the failure of at least one line of prior systemic cancer treatment. A total of 29 patients will be enrolled in the dose escalation with help of Bayesian optimal interval design (BOIN) and dose expansion cohorts. The study will be open through the NCI ETCTN (National Cancer Institute Experimental Therapeutics Clinical Trials Network) program. Patients will be treated with 177 lutetium dotatate in combination with triapine. Triapine will be administered orally (100 mg once a day starting dose) from D1-14 with each dose of PRRT [200 mCi]. Primary endpoint is to evaluate recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Secondary endpoints are to evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, and clinical activity (ORR and PFS). We are also evaluating NETEST, a novel blood based test that evaluates levels of 51 neuroendocrine tumor gene transcripts. In addition, the study will correlate clinical outcome with baseline somatostatin receptor density, somatic tumor mutations and germline mutations. Clinical trial information: 04234568 .
A novel nanoparticle-based theranostic agent targeting LRP-1 enhances the efficacy of neoadjuvant radiotherapy in colorectal cancer
Authors: Kyoung Jin Lee, Eun Jung Ko, Yun-Yong Park, Seok Soon Park, Eun Jin Ju, Jin Park, Seol Hwa Shin, Young-Ah Suh, Seung-Mo Hong, In Ja Park, Kyu-pyo Kim, Jung Jin Hwang, Se Jin Jang, Jung Shin Lee, Si Yeol Song, Seong-Yun Jeong, Eun Kyung Choi
Journal: Biomaterials (2020)
Association of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) with improved clinical outcome in sarcoma patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB).
Authors: Evan Rosenbaum, Kenneth Seier, Ciara Marie Kelly, Hannah Kiesler, Moriah Martindale, Cory Nicholls, Ping Chi, Mark Andrew Dickson, Mrinal M. Gounder, Mary Louise Keohan, Sujana Movva, Benjamin Nacev, Sinchun Hwang, Li-Xuan Qin, Sandra P. D'Angelo, William D. Tap
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

11510 Background: IrAEs are associated with improved clinical outcomes after treatment with ICB in select epithelial malignancies. We hypothesized that sarcoma patients (pts) treated with ICB who developed an irAE would have improved outcomes compared to pts who had no irAE. Methods: Adverse events (AEs) from 3 sarcoma-specific ICB trials (nivolumab plus NKTR-214, pembrolizumab plus epacadostat, and pembrolizumab plus T-VEC) were reviewed. AEs probably or definitely related to ICB were classified as immune- or non-immune-related by the principal investigator. Endpoints of interest included best overall response (BOR) by RECIST 1.1 (complete response [CR]/partial response [PR]), durable clinical benefit (DCB; CR/PR/stable disease [SD] ≥ 16 weeks), and progression-free survival (PFS). Outcomes were stratified by the presence or absence of ≥ 1 irAE of any grade and by grade 1-2, grade 3-4, or no irAE (three-category comparison). Results: A total of 124 pts received ICB on these studies. Median pt age was 56 (range: 13-90); 53% were male; all but one pt had a performance status of ≤ 1. BOR was PR in 12 pts, SD in 41, and PD in 69. 2 pts were not evaluable. 40 pts (32%) had ≥ 1 irAE of any grade, 6 of whom had a grade 3-4 irAE. The most common irAEs (≥ 5% of pts) were rash (15%), arthralgia (11%), myalgia (9%), pruritis (8%), and hypothyroidism (6%). The proportion of pts with a CR/PR was higher in pts with than without an irAE (18% vs. 6%, respectively; P = 0.058). A significantly higher proportion of pts with an irAE had DCB compared to those without (53% and 29%, respectively; P = 0.017). The median PFS of pts with an irAE was 16.6 months compared to 10.6 in those without (P = 0.013). The proportion of pts with a grade 3-4 irAE and a CR/PR was highest (33%) compared to pts with grade 1-2 (15%) or no irAE (6%) (P = 0.048). More pts with grade 3-4 irAE achieved DCB (67%) than grade 1-2 (50%) or no irAE (29%) (P = 0.027). Median PFS was 22.6, 15, and 10.6 weeks in the grade 3-4, grade 1-2, and no irAE groups, respectively (P = 0.047). Conclusions: Approximately one-third of advanced sarcoma pts with ICB-based immunotherapy developed an irAE. As reported previously in select carcinomas, sarcoma pts with irAEs were more likely to have clinical benefit than those without irAEs. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism behind this association and to validate these findings prospectively.
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Asymptomatic vs Symptomatic Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China
Authors: Rongrong Yang, Xien Gui, Yong Xiong
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Angelo Carfì, MD; Roberto Bernabei, MD; Francesco Landi, MD, PhD; for the Gemelli Against COVID-19 Post-Acute Care Study Group
Clinical outcome of patients experiencing central nervous system progression on first-line pertuzumab and trastuzumab for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer in a real-life cohort.
Authors: Laetitia Collet, Lauriane Eberst, Julien Fraisse, Marc Debled, Christelle Levy, Marie-ange Mouret-Reynier, Isabelle Desmoulins, Anthony Goncalves, Mario Campone, Jean-Marc Ferrero, Etienne Brain, Veronique Dieras, Thierry Petit, Gaetane Simon, Marianne Leheurteur, Florence Dalenc, Laurence Vanlemmens, Amelie Darlix, Monica Arnedos, Thomas Bachelot
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

2527 Background: Isolated central nervous system (CNS) progression on first-line systemic therapy with Trastuzumab (T) and Pertuzumab (P) for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is a therapeutic challenge. Our aim was to describe the clinical outcome and current treatment strategies for such patients in a large retrospective cohort. Methods: Patients (pts) were selected among all MBC pts included in the French Epidemiological Strategy and Medical Economics (ESME) database involving 18 specialized cancer centers (NCT03275311). CNS progression-free survival (CNS-PFS), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from diagnostic of brain metastases (BM) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Between January 2008 and December 2016, 995 pts were treated with first-line T and P for their HER2-positive MBC. They were 55 years old in median, with tumors expressing hormone-receptors in 62%. A total of 132 pts (13%) experienced isolated CNS progression on T and P, with a median time from metastatic diagnosis to CNS progression of 12 months. It was the first CNS progression for 108 pts (82%) while 24 (18%) already had BM at time of metastatic relapse. After CNS progression, T and P were continued for 58% of pts (n = 73). The remaining 47 pts were switched to another HER2-directed therapy (T-DM1 for 57%, T alone or combined with chemotherapy for 36% and lapatinib for 21%). Among those 132 pts, 37% received whole-brain radiotherapy, 18% stereotactic radiation therapy, and 11% surgery. Systemic treatment was combined with CNS-directed therapy for 50% of pts. Median follow-up is 21 months (95%CI: 14.9-25.5) from the diagnosis of CNS metastases. Median OS (mOS) of the 132 pts is 35 months (95%CI: 29.2-53,6), and median PFS 7 months (95%CI: 6.3- 9.2). A total of 77 pts (58.3%) experienced a new CNS progression with a median CNS-PFS of 9 months (95%CI: 7.6-12,0). Patient who stayed on T and P had a significantly better OS in comparison to pts who were switched to another systemic HER2-directed therapy (mOS not evaluable vs23 months), whereas PFS and CNS-PFS were similar between groups. Conclusions: In this real life setting, isolated CNS progression occurred among 13% of pts with HER2+ MBC on first-line treatment with T and P, after a median time of 12 months. Following current ASCO recommendations, continuation of T and P after CNS-directed therapy, seemed to be adequate. Nevertheless, time to subsequent progression is short and better therapeutic options are needed.
An analysis for insulin sensitivity and associated factors in people with normal glucose tolerance aged over 30 years
Authors: 葛军, 许其倓, 俞春芳, 金立刚, 王希淳, 陈允硕, 吴敏生, 刘钧钧, 刘文斌, 李智, 朱敏, 王宝珍, 史京衡, 史虹莉
Journal: BMJ (2005)

目的 分析中老年人群正常糖耐量者血糖水平与胰岛素敏感性的相互关系 .方法在流行病学调查中选择上海市杨浦区部分街道2 098例30岁以上居民,根据口服葡萄糖耐量试验中空腹血糖值和2 h血糖值,分别诊断为正常糖耐量、糖耐量低减、空腹血糖受损、糖耐量低减合并空腹血糖受损和糖尿病.在正常糖耐量范围者按年龄分成5组,按空腹和2 h血糖值分成6组,观察采用稳态模式胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),并对各组的年龄、血糖与胰岛素抵抗指标进行统计学分析.结果 在正常糖耐量者中 60～69年龄组空腹血糖值[(5.2±0.5) mmol/L]较50～59年龄组[(5.1±0.4 )mmol/L]高(P＜0.05),50～59年龄组空腹血糖值较40～49年龄组高(P＜0.05);各组空腹胰岛素值、胰岛素敏感性有升高趋势,但无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而平均空腹血糖值>5.0 mmol/L组较空腹血糖<5.0 mmol/L组胰岛素敏感性升高;胰岛素敏感性与腰围、糖化血红蛋白、体重指数呈显著正相关.结论 中老年正常糖耐量人群随着年龄的增长,空腹血糖可能增高,空腹血糖≥5.0 mmol/L可能存在胰岛素敏感性下降。
Correlation of HLA-B*35 and DRB1*11 alleles with a high risk of interstitial aseptic pneumonitis in cancer patients receiving PD-1/PDL1 immune-checkpoint blockade.
Authors: Pierpaolo Correale, Rita Emilena Saladino, Giovanna Bianco, Alessia Stranges, Diana Giannarelli, Andrea Sergi, Maria Antonietta Mazzei, Rocco Giannicola, Eleonora Iuliano, Valerio Nardone, Maria Altomonte, Pierpaolo Pastina, Paolo Tini, Amalia Luce, Daniele Caracciolo, Natale Daniele Calandruccio, Michele Caraglia, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Luigi Pirtoli, Pierosandro Tagliaferri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e15094 Background: Tumor infiltrating CTL-rescue by PD-1/PDL1 immune-checkpoint blockade is a recommended treatment for several malignancies including non-small-cell-lung-cancer (NSCLC), malignant melanoma, head and neck, kidney, and urothelial cancer. MAbs to either PD-1 (Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab) or PDL1 (Atezolizumab and Durvalumab) are considered as active drugs in these patients, however, their use may be complicated by unpredictable immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and in less extent by a dreaded interstitial aseptic pneumonitis (IAP). Methods: We carried out a retrospective multi-institutional analysis aimed to investigate possible clinical and biological parameters correlated with the occurrence of IAP in a cohort of 256 cancer patients (188 with mNSCLC and 78 with other malignancies) who received PD-1/PDL-1 blockade since November 2015. Association of IAP with clinical/biological factors was assessed by the chi-square test. Statistics were performed by the SPSS software 23.0. HLA molecular analysis was performed by reverse SSO DNA typing assays on patients’ PBMCs. Results: A centralised radiological review recorded a IAP in 29 patients (11.3%) whose 15 (5.8%) were free of symptoms. There was no correlation of IAP risk with tumor type, specific PD-1 or PDL1 blocking mAb, radiation therapy, inflammatory markers, and other irAEs. IAP was more frequent in males than females [RR = 2.03, (95% CI: 0.63-5.61) p &gt; 0.05] and occurred more often in mNSCLC patients who had received metronomic chemotherapy +/- bevacizumab [RR = 3.05 (95% CI: 1.32-7.06),P = 0.005] or TKI [RR = 1.73 (95% CI: 0.75-4.00),P &gt; 0.05] compared with other treatments prior PD-1/PDL1 blockade. Finally, IAP occurrence was strictly correlated to the expression of HLA-B*35 [RR = 1.73 (95% CI: 0.81-3.71) P &lt; 0.05] and DRB1*11 [RR = 2.34 (95% CI: 1.02-5.39); P = 0.03], two alleles associated to common autoimmune diseases. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings may have relevant implications in predicting the risk of IAP in mNSCLC receiving PD-1/PDL1 blockade and provide the rationale for further immunological and clinical investigations.