tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Addressing Patient Bias Toward Health Care Workers: Recommendations for Medical Centers
Authors: Kimani Paul-Emile, Jeffrey M. Critchfield, Margaret Wheeler, Shalila de Bourmont, Alicia Fernandez
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Some patients engage in behavior or use language that demeans clinicians on the basis of their social identity traits, such as race, ethnicity, sex, disability, gender presentation, and sexual orientation, and some patients even request reassignment of involved clinicians. Despite the importance and prevalence of this problem, many medical centers lack an organizational approach for addressing patient conduct. Policy development can be daunting because organizations may encounter various barriers, including reluctance of staff to have difficult conversations about race or other identity traits; uncertainty about what constitutes an appropriate response to the spectrum of demeaning behaviors and who should make this determination; what, if any, support should be offered to targeted clinicians; whether these incidents should be reported and to whom; and whether the medical center's response should differ depending on whether nurses, trainees, or other clinicians are involved. These determinations have important implications for patients' informed consent rights, clinicians' employment rights, and medical centers' obligations to protect patients' health while adhering to workplace antidiscrimination laws and institutional commitments to diversity, equality, and inclusion. This article addresses these considerations and offers guidance to organizations on devising effective policies that meet the needs of medical centers, patients, and health care workers across services and roles, including physicians, nurses, and trainees.
Changes in Intraocular Pressure and Angle Structure after Dilation in Primary Angle-Closure Suspects with Visually Significant Cataract
Authors: Mengya Zhao, Qian Sun, Julius Oatts, Guangyi Hu, Ling Ge, Bijun Zhu, Mingshui Fu, Yulan Wang, Yuyu Miao, Qin Luo, Tian Niu, Yinxi Yu, Gui-Shuang Ying, Tin Aung, Xun Xu, Ying Han
Journal: Ophthalmology (2020)
P-211 Prognostic value of interleukin-6 in colon cancer patients: A prospective study in 60 Tunisian patients
Authors: I. Ben Abdallah, J. Ayari, R. Guesmi, S. Soua, S. Fendri, A. Zribi, M. Balti, A. Haddauoi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
A Randomized Trial of a Multifactorial Strategy to Prevent Serious Fall Injuries
Authors: Shalender Bhasin, Thomas M. Gill, David B. Reuben, Nancy K. Latham, David A. Ganz, Erich J. Greene, James Dziura, Shehzad Basaria, Jerry H. Gurwitz, Patricia C. Dykes, Siobhan McMahon, Thomas W. Storer, Priscilla Gazarian, Michael E. Miller, Thomas G. Travison, Denise Esserman, Martha B. Carnie, Lori Goehring, Maureen Fagan, Susan L. Greenspan, Neil Alexander, Jocelyn Wiggins, Fred Ko, Albert L. Siu, Elena Volpi, Albert W. Wu, Jeremy Rich, Stephen C. Waring, Robert B. Wallace, Carri Casteel, Neil M. Resnick, Jay Magaziner, Peter Charpentier, Charles Lu, Katy Araujo, Haseena Rajeevan, Can Meng, Heather Allore, Brooke F. Brawley, Rich Eder, Joanne M. McGloin, Eleni A. Skokos, Pamela W. Duncan, Dorothy Baker, Chad Boult, Rosaly Correa-de-Araujo, Peter Peduzzi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Injuries from falls are major contributors to complications and death in older adults. Despite evidence from efficacy trials that many falls can be prevented, rates of falls resulting in injury have not declined.
Abstract 10438: Effects of Prostaglandin E1 on Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Performance in Conscious Dogs With Pacing-Induced Heart Failure - Assessment by Pressure-Volume Analysis
Authors: Tiankai Li, Heng-Jie Cheng, Zhi Zhang, Satoshi Masutani, Xiaowei Zhang, David Herrington, Che Ping Cheng
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), also known as alprostadil, is a naturally occurring prostaglandin which displays a variety of pharmacologic actions and modulates many physiological systems inc...
Case 23-2020: A 76-Year-Old Woman Who Died from Covid-19
Authors: James R. Stone, Kathy M. Tran, John Conklin, Mari Mino-Kenudson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

A Woman Who Died from Covid-19 A 76-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with confusion and hypoxemia. Multiple residents at her assisted-living facility had received a diagnosis of Covid-19...
Clinical characteristics and outcome of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with haematological diseases: a retrospective case study in four hospitals in Italy, Spain and the Netherlands
Authors: Jaap van Doesum, Anabelle Chinea, Maria Pagliaro, Maria Cristina Pasquini, Tom van Meerten, Martijn Bakker, Emanuele Ammatuna
Journal: Leukemia (2020)

about haematological patients infected with SARS-COV-2 [1].Although it was a small series with 13 patients, it gave a good insight into the course and outcome of the infection in this patient category.Interestingly, limited data about SARS-COV-2 in haematological patients have become available since this report, with just two other cohorts published [2,3].Because of the high mortality in this vulnerable group of patients, it is important to have more information about the course and outcome of this disease in larger patient series.We describe in this letter a cohort of 59 COVID-19 patients with an underlying haematological disease from three European countries.This retrospective case study was performed in four hospitals across Europe: Spain
Costs and diagnostic yield of exercise treadmill testing vs. exercise SPECT in symptomatic patients at intermediate risk of CAD
Authors: Nishant R Shah, Michael K Cheezum, Márcio Sommer Bittencourt, Vikas Veeranna, Viviany R Taqueti, Takashi Kato, Jon Hainer, Courtney Foster, Mariya Gaber, Sharmila Dorbala, Ron Blankstein, Marcelo F Di Carli
Journal: Circulation (2014)
3D printed tacrolimus suppositories for the treatment of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Iria Seoane-Viaño, Jun Jie Ong, Asteria Luzardo-Álvarez, Miguel González-Barcia, Abdul W. Basit, Francisco J. Otero-Espinar, Alvaro Goyanes
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2020)

Ulcerative colitis is a global health problem, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. As an inflammatory condition localised in the large intestine, rectal delivery of immunosuppressive therapies such as tacrolimus is a promising strategy to maximise drug concentration at the site of action whilst minimising systemic side effects. Here, for the first time, self-supporting 3D-printed tacrolimus suppositories were prepared without the aid of moulds using a pharmaceutical semi-solid extrusion (SSE) 3D printer. The suppositories were printed vertically in three different sizes using combinations of two lipid pharmaceutical excipients (Gelucire 44/14 or Gelucire 48/16) and coconut oil. Although both suppository formulations had the appropriate viscosity characteristics for printing, the Gel 44 formulation required less energy and force for extrusion compared to the Gel 48 system. The Gel 44 disintegrated more rapidly but released tacrolimus more slowly than the Gel 48 suppositories. Although the tacrolimus release profiles were significantly different, both suppository systems released more than 80% drug within 120 min. DSC and XRD analysis was inconclusive in determining the solid-state properties of the drug in the suppositories. In summary, this article reports on the fabrication of 3D printed self-supporting suppositories to deliver personalised doses of a narrow therapeutic index drug, with potential benefits for patients with ulcerative colitis.
Identification of Clinically and Pathophysiologically Relevant Rheumatoid Factor Epitopes by Engineered IgG Targets
Authors: Willem J. J. Falkenburg, Nienke Oskam, Jana Koers, Laurette van Boheemen, Pleuni Ooijevaar‐de Heer, Gwenny M. Verstappen, Hendrika Bootsma, Frans G. M. Kroese, Dirkjan van Schaardenburg, Gertjan Wolbink, Theo Rispens
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2020)

Objective Rheumatoid factors (RFs), which are anti‐IgG autoantibodies strongly associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), are also found in other diseases and in healthy individuals. RFs bind to various epitopes in the constant (Fc‐) domain of IgG. Therefore, disease‐specific reactivity patterns may exist. This study was undertaken in order to develop a new approach to dissecting RF epitope binding patterns across different diseases. Methods We analyzed RF reactivity patterns in serum from patients with seropositive arthralgia, patients with RA, and patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) using bioengineered, natively folded IgG‐Fc targets that demonstrated selective RF binding toward several distinct regions of the IgG‐Fc domain. Results Rheumatoid factor responses primarily bound the Fc Elbow region, with a smaller number of RFs binding the Fc Tail region, while the Fc receptor binding region was hardly targeted. A restricted reactivity against the IgG‐Fc Tail region was associated with less positivity for anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) and less arthritis development in arthralgia, whereas combined reactivity toward IgG‐Fc Tail and Elbow regions was associated with more arthritis development. Reactivity toward the IgG‐Fc Tail region was observed far more frequently in RA than in primary SS. Conclusion Bioengineered IgG targets enable serologic characterization of RF reactivity patterns, and use of this approach appears to reveal patterns associated with ACPA detection and arthritis development in patients with arthralgia. These patterns are able to distinguish RA patients from primary SS patients. This new methodology improves the clinical value of RFs and our understanding of their pathophysiologic processes.
P-169 A first-in-human phase Ia/b, open-label, multicentre, dose-escalation study of BI 905711 in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: J. Harding, R. Hofheinz, E. Elez, Y. Kuboki, J. Geng, M. Schmohl, E. Dowling, Y. Feng, D. Rasco
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
ESGE and ESGENA Position Statement on gastrointestinal endoscopy and COVID-19: An update on guidance during the post-lockdown phase and selected results from a membership survey
Authors: Ian M. Gralnek, Cesare Hassan, Ulrike Beilenhoff, Giulio Antonelli, Alanna Ebigbo, Maria Pellisé, Marianna Arvanitakis, Pradeep Bhandari, Raf Bisschops, Jeanin E. Van Hooft, Michal F. Kaminski, Konstantinos Triantafyllou, George Webster, Andrei M. Voiosu, Heiko Pohl, Irene Dunkley, Björn Fehrke, Mario Gazic, Tatjana Gjergek, Siiri Maasen, Wendy Waagenes, Marjon de Pater, Thierry Ponchon, Peter D. Siersema, Helmut Messmann, Mario Dinis-Ribeiro
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Referred to by: The COVID-19 pandemic and colorectal cancer prevention: God tempers the wind to the shorn lambEndoscopy 2020; 52(10): 877-878DOI: 10.1055/a-1243-1372
Not yet time for a public inquiry into UK’s response to covid-19
Authors: Andrew N Bamji
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Now is not the time for an inquiry into the response to covid-19.1 There are too many unknowns to draw conclusions. In response to the five points suggested by McKee and colleagues for scrutiny:

1.  Acute clinicians weren’t included in discussions—why? Covid-19 kills people; local government leaders are unlikely to be able to contribute to the clinical discussion of how to stop this

2.  Procurement review must be set in context with other countries’ experiences. Mechanical ventilation is unhelpful in many cases (because the alveolar epithelium …
Infectious disease surveillance system descriptors: proposal for a comprehensive set
Authors: Julien Beauté, Bruno Christian Ciancio, Takis Panagiotopoulos
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

To tailor a surveillance system to its objectives and to evaluate its fitness for purpose, an accurate description of its structural elements is essential. Existing recommendations for setting up a system seldom offer a comprehensive list of all surveillance elements to be considered. Moreover, there is sometimes confusion in the way terms describing these elements are interpreted. The objective of this paper is to propose a comprehensive set of surveillance system descriptors that can delineate the important elements and clarify the meaning of the terms used. We identified 20 descriptors that we classified in five categories: (i) surveillance scheme; (ii) population and cases; (iii) supplementary data; (iv) information flow; and (v) period of time. We tried to make the definitions of these descriptors as clear and simple as possible to avoid confusion or misinterpretation of the terms used. The relative importance of each element may vary depending on the objectives of the surveillance scheme. Surveillance descriptors should be reviewed periodically to document changes and to assess if the system continues to be fit for purpose. Together with the minimum requirements for variables and the planned outputs for disseminating the data, the surveillance descriptors can be used to define surveillance standards.
Abstract 14963: Screening for Atrial Fibrillation in High- Risk Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Michael J Chaskes, Nader Hanner, Piotr Karmilowicz, Anne B Curtis
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Various methods have been used for mass screening of patients for atrial fibrillation (AF), with yields no better than 5%. Targeting specific high risk populations may improve the yie...
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1): a pivotal regulator of hematopoietic malignancies
Authors: Shunling Yuan, Zhaoping Liu, Zhenru Xu, Jing Liu, Ji Zhang
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2020)

Abstract High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nonhistone chromatin-associated protein that has been widely reported to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hematopoietic malignancies. As a representative damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), HMGB1 normally exists inside cells but can be secreted into the extracellular environment through passive or active release. Extracellular HMGB1 binds with several different receptors and interactors to mediate the proliferation, differentiation, mobilization, and senescence of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). HMGB1 is also involved in the formation of the inflammatory bone marrow (BM) microenvironment by activating proinflammatory signaling pathways. Moreover, HMGB1-dependent autophagy induces chemotherapy resistance in leukemia and multiple myeloma. In this review, we systematically summarize the emerging roles of HMGB1 in carcinogenesis, progression, prognosis, and potential clinical applications in different hematopoietic malignancies. In summary, targeting the regulation of HMGB1 activity in HSCs and the BM microenvironment is highly beneficial in the diagnosis and treatment of various hematopoietic malignancies.
Evaluation of systems reform in public hospitals, Victoria, Australia, to improve access to antenatal care for women of refugee background: An interrupted time series design
Authors: Jane Yelland, Fiona Mensah, Elisha Riggs, Ellie McDonald, Josef Szwarc, Wendy Dawson, Dannielle Vanpraag, Sue Casey, Christine East, Mary Anne Biro, Glyn Teale, Sue Willey, Stephanie J. Brown
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2020)

Inequalities in maternal and newborn health persist in many high-income countries, including for women of refugee background. The Bridging the Gap partnership programme in Victoria, Australia, was designed to find new ways to improve the responsiveness of universal maternity and early child health services for women and families of refugee background with the codesign and implementation of iterative quality improvement and demonstration initiatives. One goal of this 'whole-of-system' approach was to improve access to antenatal care. The objective of this paper is to report refugee women's access to hospital-based antenatal care over the period of health system reforms.
Bioorthogonal-targeted 1064 nm excitation theranostic nanoplatform for precise NIR-IIa fluorescence imaging guided efficient NIR-II photothermal therapy
Authors: Wansu Zhang, Weixing Deng, Hua Zhang, Xiaoli Sun, Ting Huang, Wenjun Wang, Pengfei Sun, Quli Fan, Wei Huang
Journal: Biomaterials (2020)
Abstract 15409: His-Bundle Pacing for Electrical Resynchronization in Patients With Non-Left Bundle Branch Block
Authors: Parth V. Desai, Andrew Beaser, Zaid Aziz, Michael Broman, Cevher Ozcan, Roderick Tung, Gaurav A. Upadhyay
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Although His-bundle pacing (HBP) has been successfully utilized to achieve narrow QRS in patients with wide QRS, the majority of current data is from patients with left bundle branch bl...
Distinct Effector B Cells Induced by Unregulated Toll-like Receptor 7 Contribute to Pathogenic Responses in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Scott A. Jenks, Kevin S. Cashman, Esther Zumaquero, Urko M. Marigorta, Aakash V. Patel, Xiaoqian Wang, Deepak Tomar, Matthew C. Woodruff, Zoe Simon, Regina Bugrovsky, Emily L. Blalock, Christopher D. Scharer, Christopher M. Tipton, Chungwen Wei, S. Sam Lim, Michelle Petri, Timothy B. Niewold, Jennifer H. Anolik, Greg Gibson, F. Eun-Hyung Lee, Jeremy M. Boss, Frances E. Lund, Ignacio Sanz
Journal: Immunity (2020)
Abstract 12822: The Limitation of Computed Tomographic Coronary Angiography Imaging to Identify Coronary Lipid-Rich Atheroma In Vivo: Insights Fromcomputed Tomographic Coronary Angiography Andnear-Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis
Authors: Satoshi Kitahara, Yu Kataoka, Hiroyuki Miura, Satoshi Honda, Masashi Fujino, Hayato Hosoda, Kazuhiro nakao, Shuichi Yoneda, Fumiyuki Otsuka, Tomoaki Kanaya, Nishihira Kensaku, Yasuhide Asaumi, Teruo Noguchi, Satoshi Yasuda, Takahiro Nakashima
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Computed tomographic coronary angiography (CTCA) has been shown to noninvasively visualize a high-risk plaque containing lipidic materials. However, this ability of CTCA in vivo is not ...
Trends in Nonfatal Falls and Fall-Related Injuries Among Adults Aged ≥65 Years — United States, 2012–2018
Authors: Briana Moreland, Ramakrishna Kakara, Ankita Henry
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

Falls are the leading cause of injury among adults aged ≥65 years (older adults) in the United States.In 2018, an estimated 3 million emergency department visits, more than 950,000 hospitalizations or transfers to another facility (e.g., trauma center), and approximately 32,000 deaths resulted from fall-related injuries among older adults.*Deaths from falls are increasing, with the largest increases occurring among persons aged ≥85 years (1).To describe the percentages and rates of nonfatal falls by age group and demographic characteristics and trends in falls and fall-related injuries over time, data were analyzed from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and were compared with data from 2012, 2014, and 2016.In 2018, 27.5% of older adults reported falling at least once in the past year, and 10.2% reported an injury from a fall in the past year.The percentages of older adults reporting a fall increased between 2012 and 2016 and decreased slightly between 2016 and 2018.Falls are preventable, and health care providers can help their older patients reduce their risk for falls.Screening older patients for fall risk, assessing modifiable risk factors (e.g., use of psychoactive medications or poor gait and balance), and recommending interventions to reduce this risk (e.g., medication management or referral to physical therapy) can prevent older adult falls (https://www.cdc.gov/steadi).BRFSS is a landline and mobile telephone survey conducted annually in all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia (DC), and U.S. territories, with a median response rate of 49.9% in 2018.The survey collects information on health-related behavioral risk factors and chronic conditions among noninstitutionalized U.S. adults aged ≥18 years.† Information on falls and fall-related injuries is recorded every 2 years from adults aged ≥45 years by asking "In the past 12 months, how many times have you fallen?"If the response was one or more times, the respondent was asked "How many of these falls caused an injury?By an injury, we mean the fall caused you to limit your regular activities for at least a day or to go see a doctor."Responses to each of these questions ranged from 0 to 76 falls or fall-related injuries.Rates were calculated as the average number of falls and fall-related injuries per 1,000 older adults.Both questions were dichotomized to calculate the percentage of older adults who reported having at least one fall or fall-related injury.
The Role of the Non‐neuronal Cholinergic System in Inflammation and Degradation Processes in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Alice Courties, Ariane Do, Sarah Leite, Manon Legris, Laure Sudre, Audrey Pigenet, Juliette Petit, Geoffroy Nourissat, Adeline Cambon‐Binder, Uwe Maskos, Francis Berenbaum, Jérémie Sellam
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2020)

Objective The non‐neuronal cholinergic system represents non‐neuronal cells that have the biochemical machinery to synthetize de novo and/or respond to acetylcholine (ACh). We undertook this study to investigate this biochemical machinery in chondrocytes and its involvement in osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Expression of the biochemical machinery for ACh metabolism and nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChR), particularly α7‐nAChR, in human OA and murine chondrocytes was determined by polymerase chain reaction and ligand‐binding. We investigated the messenger RNA expression of the human duplicate α7‐nACh subunit, called CHRFAM7A, which is responsible for truncated α7‐nAChR. We assessed the effect of nAChR on chondrocytes activated by interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and the involvement of α7‐nAChR using chondrocytes from wild‐type (WT) and α7‐deficient Chrna7 −/− mice. The role of α7‐nAChR in OA was explored after medial meniscectomy in WT and Chrna7 −/− mice. Results Human and murine chondrocytes express the biochemical partners of the non‐neuronal cholinergic system and a functional α7‐nAChR at their cell surface (n = 5 experiments with 5 samples each). The expression of CHRFAM7A in human OA chondrocytes (n = 23 samples) correlated positively with matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP‐3) (r = 0.38, P &lt; 0.05) and MMP‐13 (r = 0.48, P &lt; 0.05) expression. Nicotine decreased the IL‐1β–induced IL‐6 and MMP expression, in a dose‐dependent manner, in WT chondrocytes but not in Chrna7 −/− chondrocytes. Chrna7 −/− mice that underwent meniscectomy (n = 7) displayed more severe OA cartilage damage (mean ± SD Osteoarthritis Research Society International [OARSI] score 4.46 ± 1.09) compared to WT mice that underwent meniscectomy (n = 9) (mean ± SD OARSI score 3.05 ± 0.9; P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion The non‐neuronal cholinergic system is functionally expressed in chondrocytes. Stimulation of nAChR induces antiinflammatory and anticatabolic activity through α7‐nAChR, but the anticatabolic activity may be mitigated by truncated α7‐nAChR in human chondrocytes. In vivo experiments strongly suggest that α7‐nAChR has a protective role in OA.
The Parabrachial Nucleus Directly Channels Spinal Nociceptive Signals to the Intralaminar Thalamic Nuclei, but Not the Amygdala
Authors: Juan Deng, Hua Zhou, Jun-Kai Lin, Zi-Xuan Shen, Wen-Zhen Chen, Lin-Han Wang, Qing Li, Di Mu, Yi-Chao Wei, Xiao-Hong Xu, Yan-Gang Sun
Journal: Neuron (2020)