tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P447: Index of Concentration at the Extremes and Diabetes Prevalence: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (regards) Study
Authors: Gargya Malla, D. Leann Long, Nyesha C Black, Sha Zhu, Jalal Uddin, Andrea Cherrington, Gareth R Dutton, Monika M Safford, Doyle M Cummings, Suzanne E Judd, Emily B Levitan, April P Carson
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Stark regional and racial disparities in diabetes prevalence exist in the US. Community-level factors (e.g., median income) have been associated with higher diabetes prevalence. However, few studies have investigated how community-level spatial polarization, specifically in race and income, may relate to diabetes burden. Objective: To investigate the association between the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE), a measure that reflects polarization in race and income at the community-level, and individual-level diabetes prevalence. Methods: This analysis included 24,752 Black and White adults age ≥ 45 years at baseline (2003-2007) from the REGARDS Study. The ICE measure quantifies the concentration of community affluence and poverty in a census tract using both income and race jointly, with values ranging from -1 (most deprived) to +1 (most privileged). Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL or random glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL or use of diabetes medication. Modified Poisson regression was used to obtain prevalence ratios and 95% CI for the association of ICE quartiles with prevalent diabetes. Results: The overall prevalence of diabetes was 21% and was highest for adults living in the most deprived census tracts (28.3%) and lowest for those living in the most privileged census tracts (12.5%). The association between ICE and prevalent diabetes was graded in crude analyses but attenuated after adjustment for individual-level sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical factors (Table). Conclusion: Communities with greater polarization in race and income had a higher burden of diabetes. This association was mostly explained by individual-level socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Further investigation of community-level attributes and how they relate to individual-level factors that increase diabetes risk is needed.
Knockout of Stat5 in T cells ameliorates high cholesterol and high fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia by influencing cholesterol metabolism in the liver
Authors: Zhongnan Ma, Na Sheng, Xinyu Liu, Yixun Su, Yi Zhou, Yan Sun, Tianhao Mu, Jianqiang Xu, Jiaxuan Feng, Zhiqing Zhao, Xin-Yuan Fu
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2020)
Abstract P276: Discordance Between Changes in NT-proBNP and Cardiac Function Following Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Amelia S Wallace, Carine E Hamo, Amil M Shah, Roberta Florido, Justin B Echouffo Tcheugui, Kunihiro Matsushita, Ron C Hoogeveen, Gary Gerstenblith, Christie M Ballantyne, Elizabeth Selvin, Josef Coresh, Chiadi E Ndumele
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: The N-Terminal of pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a potent biomarker for heart failure (HF), reflecting left ventricular dilation and stress. The association among obesity, HF, and NT-proBNP is complex, with paradoxically lower levels of NT-proBNP in obese individuals, despite their elevated HF risk. Furthermore, a few studies have reported decreased HF risk, but also increases in NT-proBNP, after weight loss via bariatric surgery. However, studies have not simultaneously evaluated changes in NT-proBNP and cardiac function after bariatric surgery. Hypothesis: There will be discordance between improvements in cardiac filling pressures (as reflected by E/e’) and increases in NT-proBNP with weight loss following bariatric surgery. Methods: We conducted a single-center analysis of participants in the BARI-Heart Study who underwent bariatric surgery and attended study visits 3-6 months and 2 weeks before surgery, and 6 and 12 months after surgery. We examined pre- and post-surgery changes in NT-proBNP and in echocardiographic measures of cardiac function. We also assessed the correlation between NT-pro-BNP and E/e’, at 2 weeks pre- and 6 months post-surgery. Results: Among 71 BARI-Heart participants (mean age 45 years, 74% female, 87% white, mean BMI 47.0 kg/m 2 ), there were no significant pre-surgery changes in BMI, NT-proBNP, or E/e’. By 6-12 months, there were marked reductions in BMI and significant increases in NT-proBNP, but decreases in E/e’ ( Figure ). Changes from surgery to the 6 month visit in NT-proBNP and E/e’ were associated (r=0.295; p=0.02). There was a tendency towards stronger correlations between NT-proBNP and E/e’ post- (r= 0.436; p&lt;0.001) versus pre-surgery (r = 0.209; p=0.09). Conclusions: Weight loss is associated with increases in NT-proBNP despite reduced LV filling pressures, suggesting a non-cardiac etiology underlying increases in NT-proBNP after weight loss. The interpretation of NT-proBNP for cardiac dysfunction may change with decreasing adiposity.
Nothing Informal About Family Caregiving
Authors: Nathan M. Stall, Madhuri Reddy, Paula A. Rochon
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Universal credit linked to psychological distress but not employment
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The introduction of universal credit has led to a rise in psychological distress, and yet there is no evidence that the scheme is associated with moving people into employment, a study of over 50 000 people has shown.

Using data from a longitudinal household study, researchers from the University of Liverpool found that the introduction of universal credit was associated with a rise in mental health problems among unemployed people eligible for the scheme compared with those who were not.1 They estimated that it might have negatively affected more than 60 000 people across the UK, over 21 760 of whom could “reach levels that are diagnostically depression.”

Responding to the study, the government said that the “research does not prove that people are experiencing distress due to the design of universal credit” and said that distress could be caused by other factors such as job loss, …
Social Spending to Improve Population Health — Does the United States Spend as Wisely as Other Countries?
Authors: Roosa S. Tikkanen, Eric C. Schneider
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Interview with Roosa Tikkanen on patterns of social spending in the United States and other high-income countries. (08:41)Download If U.S. social spending levels are similar to those of other high-income countries and health care spending is higher, why does U.S. health lag behind? Our social spending mix may be skewed so investments have less impact on population health outcomes than they might.
Childhood sexual abuse and eating disorders in females
Authors: Lena Sanci, Carolyn Coffey, Grad Dip Epi, Craig Olsson, Sophie Reid, John B Carlin, George Patton
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2008)

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) before the age of 16 years and later onset of bulimia and anorexia nervosa symptoms in females. DESIGN: A longitudinal cohort study of adolescents observed from August 1992 to March 2003. The cohort was defined in a 2-stage cluster sample using 44 Australian schools in Victoria. SETTING: Population based. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1936 persons participated at least once and survived to the age of 24 years, including 999 females. The mean (SD) age of females at the start of follow-up was 14.91 (0.39) years; and at completion, 24.03 (0.55) years. Main Exposure Self-reported CSA before the age of 16 years was ascertained retrospectively at the age of 24 years. OUTCOME MEASURES: Incident Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition)-defined partial syndromes of anorexia and bulimia nervosa were identified between waves 4 (mean age, 16.3 years) and 6 (mean age, 17.4 years) using the Branched Eating Disorder Test. RESULTS: The incidence of bulimic syndrome during adolescence was 2.5 (95% confidence interval, 0.80-8.0) times higher among those who reported 1 episode of CSA and 4.9 (95% confidence interval, 1.9-12.7) times higher among those who reported 2 or more episodes of CSA, compared with females reporting no episodes, adjusted for age and background factors. The association persisted after adjusting for possible confounders or mediators measured 6 months earlier, including psychiatric morbidity and dieting behavior. There was little evidence of an association between CSA and partial syndromes of incident anorexia nervosa. CONCLUSION: Childhood sexual abuse seems to be a risk factor for the development of bulimic syndromes, not necessarily mediated by psychiatric morbidity or severe dieting.
When RON MET TAM in mesothelioma: All druggable for one, and one drug for all?: Topic: Mesothelioma transitional (Conference Abstract)
Authors: Anne-Marie Baird, David Easty, Monika Jarzabek, Liam Shiels, Alex Soltermann, Ken O'Byrne, and other
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Abstract 20: Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Cvd Risk Factors in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults
Authors: Billy A Caceres, Amanda McClain, Nour Makarem, Sarah Zollweg, Mahasin S Mujahid
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Greater perceived neighborhood social cohesion (degree of connectedness among neighbors) has been associated with lower rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and incident CVD. Although sexual minorities (e.g., gay, lesbian, and bisexual) report lower neighborhood social cohesion and higher CVD risk than their heterosexual peers, there is limited population-based evidence regarding the association of neighborhood factors with CVD risk in sexual minorities. Hypothesis: Better neighborhood social cohesion would be associated with lower odds of CVD risk factors in sexual minorities. Methods: We used data from the National Health Interview Survey (2013-2018), a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. To assess neighborhood social cohesion participants rated the degree to which they agreed with 4 statements (on a 4-point Likert scale). Responses were summed and reverse-coded so that higher scores indicated greater neighborhood social cohesion (range = 4-16). We assessed six self-reported CVD risk factors: current tobacco use, physical inactivity, short sleep duration (≤ 6 h), obesity (BMI ≥ 30kg/m2), and diagnosis of hypertension and/or diabetes. Sex- and sexual identity-stratified logistic regression models were used to examine the association of neighborhood social cohesion and CVD risk factors. Models were adjusted for demographic characteristics and length of time living in neighborhood. Results: The sample consisted of 166,588 participants (97% heterosexual, 2% gay/lesbian, 1% bisexual). Gay (M = 11.9, p &lt;0.001) and bisexual men (M = 11.5, p &lt;0.001) had lower mean social cohesion scores than heterosexual men (M = 12.5). Similarly, lesbian (M = 11.9, p &lt;0.01) and bisexual women (M = 11.1, p &lt;0.001) had lower mean social cohesion scores than heterosexual women (M = 12.4). Among heterosexual participants higher neighborhood social cohesion scores were associated with lower odds of reporting all CVD risk factors. Greater neighborhood social cohesion was associated with lower odds of physical inactivity in lesbian women (AOR 0.95, 95% CI [0.90-0.99]) and lower odds of short sleep duration in lesbian (AOR 0.88, 95% CI [0.84-0.93]) and bisexual women (AOR 0.93, 95% [0.89-0.98]). Greater neighborhood social cohesion was associated with lower odds of obesity in bisexual men (AOR 0.90, 95% CI [0.82-0.99]). Conclusions: Findings suggest that neighborhood social cohesion may be a determinant of CV health in sexual minorities, particularly those that identify as female. Longitudinal studies to examine how neighborhood social cohesion and other neighborhood factors (e.g., violence, safety, and walking environment) influence CVD risk over time in this population are needed.
Abstract P502: Deep Learning-powered Wearable Electrocardiogram Big Data Monitoring for Precision Cardiac Health
Authors: Qingxue Zhang
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Smart health technologies are bringing exciting possibilities to the cardiac healthcare area. Wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring is expected to establish cardiac big data towards precision cardiac health. However, there are two key obstacles here. Firstly, how to conveniently measure the standard 12-lead ECG in our daily lives is an open question, since the traditional 12-lead ECG is mainly used in clinics or hospitals. The Holter ECG monitor is actually not convenient and comfortable enough for daily and long-term use. The Apple Watch only provides finger-touch-based single lead ECG measurement, neither supporting 12-lead ECG nor continuous tracking. In this study, a long short-term memory neural network-based ECG monitoring system is proposed, which can generate the remaining 9-lead ECG from only 3-lead ECG, offering a very high wearabilty, usability and convenience. Secondly, how to maintain a high ECG quality even when the user has different physical activities is another critical challenge. Usually, the ECG morphology may be contaminated by diverse motions artifacts induced by sensor-to-skin contact variations. This has to be addressed to guarantee the obtained ECG is usable and interpretable. We have introduced bidirectional long short-term memory to deal with these noisy fluctuations, by learning the temporal consistent dynamics among 3-lead ECG. The system has been evaluated on ten human subjects to demonstrate the effectiveness. Compared with the ground truth, the reconstructed 12-lead ECG has a correlation as high as 0.88 and a root mean square error of 0.059 mV, far superior to the traditional linear regression method. The proposed novel monitor is expected to greatly advance precision cardiac health.
Abstract P395: Low Neighborhood Income is Associated With Increased Hypertension Incidence in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study
Authors: Insu Koh, Leslie A McClure, Suzanne E Judd, Gina S Lovasi, Natalie Colabianchi, Timothy B Plante, Aaron J Schwartz, Neil Zakai
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Prior studies have investigated the relationship between neighborhood income and incident hypertension but have lacked participant-level details or studied specific subpopulations. We assessed the relationship between neighborhood income and incident hypertension accounting for individual level factors in the racially and geographically diverse REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Hypothesis: Low neighborhood income is associated with increased hypertension incidence. Methods: REGARDS recruited 30,239 white and black adults aged ≥45y from the contiguous US in 2003-7 with follow-up between 2013-6. We excluded individuals with baseline hypertension (≥130/80 mm Hg or using antihypertension medications, n=22,325), missing follow-up (n=3,365) and not residing at the same address for ≥5 years (n=1,075). Neighborhood income was measured within 1 and 5 km buffers around the participant’s home using a spatial overlay of census tract-level median household income, and then classified into tertiles. We used Poisson regression to calculate risk ratio for incident hypertension adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and health habit factors. Results: Among the 3,474 individuals (58% women, 24% black, mean age 62y), 1,499 individuals (43%) developed hypertension. After adjusting for individual-level risk factors, the incident rate ratio of hypertension for individuals living in low-income neighborhoods was 1.16 (95% CI 1.04, 1.31) and middle-income was 1.12 (95% CI 1.01, 1.25) as compared to high income, when neighborhood was defined as a 1 km buffer. The result was similar but not significant in middle-income for the 5 km buffer neighborhoods (Table 1). There were no significant interactions with age, gender, or race (p-interaction &gt; 0.1). Conclusions: In REGARDS, neighborhood income was associated with incident hypertension. Understanding the specific social and environmental inequities associated with hypertension will require further study.
Comprehensive genomic characterization of gene therapy-induced T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Peter Horak, Sebastian Uhrig, Maximilian Witzel, Irene Gil-Farina, Barbara Hutter, Tim Rath, Laura Gieldon, Gnana Prakash Balasubramanian, Xavier Pastor, Christoph E. Heilig, Daniela Richter, Evelin Schröck, Claudia R. Ball, Benedikt Brors, Christian J. Braun, Michael H. Albert, Claudia Scholl, Christof von Kalle, Manfred Schmidt, Stefan Fröhling, Christoph Klein, Hanno Glimm
Journal: Leukemia (2020)

Ten pediatric patients with severe Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) have received autologous bone marrow transplantation of gene-corrected CD34+ cells within a hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy (GT) trial [1].Following GT, nine out of ten treated patients had nearly complete remission of their clinical disease and showed sustained expression of WAS protein in myeloid and lymphoid cells.However, 1-5 years later, they developed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and/or acute myeloid leukemia.The clinical course of these patients and characterization of the retroviral integration sites within the leukemic clones have been reported [2].All six T-ALL clones harbored retroviral vector integrations within or close to the LMO2 gene locus and one to eight additional integration sites, including integrations upstream of T-ALL proto-oncogenes TAL1 (WAS5 and WAS7) and LYL1 (WAS8 and WAS10).LMO2, a transcriptional regulator of hematopoiesis, is continuously downregulated during development and repressed in mature T cells.LMO2 overexpression maintains a pool of preleukemic cells that subsequently acquire further oncogenic mutations [3].Despite much progress in understanding the role of LMO2 in T-ALL, the functional or spatiotemporal role of secondary genetic driver events remains unclear.Given the circumstances of this study, in which the time of the primary genetic event leading to LMO2 overexpression
Abstract P239: Longitudinal Measurement Of Maternal Plasma Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids In Relation To Physical Activity Throughout Pregnancy-a Prospective Study Within The Nichd Fetal Growth Studies
Authors: Liwei Chen, Xinyue Liu, Tong Xia, Mohammad L Rahman, Yeyi Zhu, Stefanie Hinkle, Mengying Li, Jing Wu, Natalie Weir, Michael Y Tsai, Cuilin Zhang
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Physical activity (PA) is a key components of energy expenditure and can alter fat metabolism. Maternal polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly endogenous PUFA, plays critical roles on maternal health and fetal development. However, studies investigating the longitudinal association of PA with PUFA during pregnancy are scarce. Objective: To examine the prospective associations of PA with PUFA among pregnant women. Methods: This study used longitudinal data from a nested gestational diabetes mellitus case-control study (n=321) within the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons. Plasma phospholipid PUFA and PA were measured at 4 time-points during pregnancy (10-14, 15-26, 23-31, and 33-39 GW). Total PA was calculated as energy expenditure in metabolic equivalent (METs-hour) and physically active was defined as spending ≥150 min on moderate-to-vigorous exercise per week. Associations of PA with total n-3, n-6, and individual PUFAs were examined using generalized linear models where the sample was weighted to represent the entire cohort. Results: Total PA was positively associated with EDA, but inversely associated with ALA and GLA, independent of maternal age, race, parity, pre-pregnancy BMI, and dietary intake of FA. Being physically active was inversely associated with total n-3 PUFA but positively associated with total n-6 PUFA. However, the direction of the associations of individual PUFA varied: an inverse association for ALA (n-3) and LA (n-6); a positive association for DHA (n-3), AA (n-6) and DPA (n-6). Conclusions: Findings from this study indicate that PA may alter PUFA metabolism in pregnant women. The inverse association between total PA and GLA (an endogenous PUFA) is novel and merits confirmation in future studies.
Genomic heritage of sentinel lymph node metastases: Implications for clinical management of breast cancer patients
Authors: D. L. Ellsworth, R. E. Ellsworth, T. E. Becker, B. Deyarmin, H. L. Patney, J. A. Hooke, C. D. Shriver
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

571 Background: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy status is a key prognostic factor for breast cancer patients. Sentinel nodes are believed to receive early disseminating cells from the primary tumor, but little is known about the origin of metastases colonizing the sentinel nodes. We used allelic imbalance (AI) to examine genomic relationships among metastases in the sentinel and non-sentinel axillary lymph nodes from complete axillary dissections in 15 patients with lymph node positive breast cancer. Methods: Sentinel nodes were localized by standard scintigraphic and gamma probe techniques using 1.0 mCi technetium-99m sulfur colloid. Pathologically positive nodes were identified by H&amp;E histology and immunohistochemistry. Primary breast tumors and metastases in sentinel and axillary nodes were isolated by laser microdissection. AI was assessed at 26 chromosomal regions and used to examine the timing and molecular mechanisms of metastatic spread to the sentinel and axillary nodes. Results: Overall AI frequencies were significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) in primary breast tumors compared to lymph node metastases. A high level of discordance was observed in patterns and frequencies of AI events between metastases in the sentinel and non-sentinel axillary nodes. Phylogenetic analyses showed that 1) multiple genetically-divergent lineages of metastatic cells independently colonize the lymph nodes; 2) some lymph node metastases appeared to acquire metastatic potential early in tumorigenesis, while other metastases evolved later; and 3) importantly, lineages colonizing the sentinel nodes appeared to originate at different times and to progress by different molecular mechanisms. Conclusions: Genomic diversity and timing of metastatic nodal spread may be important factors in determining outcomes of breast cancer patients. Metastases colonizing the sentinel nodes appear to arise at different times during disease progression and may not be descendants of progenitor cells that colonize the lymph nodes early in tumorigenesis. Metastatic growth in the sentinel nodes thus may be a consequence of stimulating factors from the primary tumor that affect proliferation of previously disseminated cells rather than the timing of metastatic spread. No significant financial relationships to disclose.