tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Global Action Needed to Protect Humanitarian Surgeons and Patients During Wars and Armed Conflicts—Reply
Authors: Sherry M. Wren, Lilli Schussler, Frederick M. Burkle
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Hypertensive Heart Disease.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

1 Introduction.- 1.1 Rationale.- 1.2 Aim and Scope.- 2 Methods.- 3 Results and Discussion.- 3.1 Ventricular Function at Rest and During Exercise.- 3.2 Coronary Blood Flow, Coronary Reserve and Myocardial Oxygen Consumption.- 3.3 Regional Degree of Hypertrophy and Proportionality of Ventricular Wall Hypertrophy.- 3.4 Determinants of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Diastolic Compliance.- 3.5 Stress and Function.- 3.6 Ventricular Mass, Wall Stress and Degree of Hypertrophy: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Consequences.- 3.7 Reserves of Systolic Wall Stress and Contractility.- 3.8 Ventricular Function and Myocardial Oxygen Consumption Under the Influence of Digitalis Glycosides (Digoxin).- 3.9 Ventricular Function, Coronary Blood Flow, Coronary Reserve and Myocardial Oxygen Consumption Under the Influence of Beta-Blocking Agents (Atenolol).- 3.10 Ventricular Function, Coronary Blood Flow and Myocardial Oxygen Consumption Under the Influence of Hydralazine.- 4 Summary.- 5 References.- 6 Subject Index.
Treatment for Nicotine Use Disorder Among Medicaid-Enrolled Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Nicholas Chadi, Jonathan Rodean, Joel J. Earlywine, Bonnie T. Zima, Sarah M. Bagley, Sharon Levy, Scott E. Hadland
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2019)

There was no change in the trend of detection rates of vesicoureteral reflux per screening voiding cystourethrogram between the pre-AAP and post-AAP periods.The interrupted time-series analysis is shown in Figure 2. The overall detection rate of vesicoureteral reflux was 24%.Discussion | Voiding cystourethrogram use has significantly decreased since the 2011 AAP guidelines were published. 3This helped avoid a substantial number of screening studies in healthy children, reducing unnecessary morbidity and costs associated with routine vesicoureteral reflux screening.Despite these positive outcomes, we identified a subset of children with underlying vesicoureteral reflux who experienced a delay in diagnosis and increased risk of repeated infections prior to diagnosis.We also demonstrate that detection rates of vesicoureteral reflux diagnosis per screening voiding cystourethrogram have been stable since the 2011 AAP guidelines were published.This suggests that, rather than the implementation of a more selective approach, screening studies are simply being performed less frequently.This study has limitations.As with other populationbased studies using administrative claims data, the diagnosis of an active infection is inferred using diagnosis codes rather than confirmatory diagnostic studies.In addition, there will be a subset of children with active infection who are diagnosed and treated on an outpatient basis.Collectively, these findings highlight the need to develop methods that will improve identification of children presenting with febrile urinary tract infection who are at high risk of clinically significant vesicoureteral reflux.
In patients ≥ 50 years with type 2 diabetes and CV disease or risk factors, oral semaglutide did not increase CV events
Authors: Lorraine L. Lipscombe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

Source Citation Husain M, Birkenfeld AL, Donsmark M, et al; PIONEER 6 Investigators. Oral semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019. [Epub ahead of print]. 31185157
Abstract 15869: Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting is Associated With Higher Rate of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention at 8-Year Follow-Up
Authors: FabioBarili, StefanoRosato, PaolaD’Errigo, AlessandroParolari, LorenzoMenicanti, FulviaSeccareccia
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: The debate on the advantages and limitations of off-pump (OPCAB) vs on pump CABG has not still arrived to a conclusion and concerns still exist on graft patency. This study was designed to compare the impact on mortality and morbidity of OPCAB and on-pump CABG, with a specific focus on mid-term need for percutaneous cardiac intervention (PCI). Methods: The PRIORITY project was designed to evaluate the mid-long term outcomes of 2 large prospective multicenter cohort studies on CABG conducted between 2002-2004 and 2007-2008. Data on isolated CABG performed both on-pump and off-pump were derived from clinical dataset and linked to 2 administrative datasets. Time-to event analyses were performed in a competing risk framework to evaluate the potential role of surgical techniques on outcomes. Results: The population consisted of 11020 patients who underwent isolated CABG (27.2% OPCAB). Several risk factor but surgical technique independently affected in-hospital mortality. The incidence of postope...
Toxicologists investigate cases of hand deformities in German babies
Authors: Ned Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Embryo toxicologists at the Charite University Hospital in Berlin have been asked to investigate the recent cases of three babies who were born with a deformed hand at the same hospital in Gelsenkirchen, Germany.

The cases were first reported on 12 September in a Cologne newspaper, which quoted a midwife who said that the cases had caused concern among her midwife colleagues.1

Since then, several previously unreported cases of babies born with deformed hands in other regions have been picked up by German newspapers, triggering alarm among pregnant women and their partners.

The spate of hand deformities in …
Lessons Learned from Deescalation Trials in Favorable Risk HPV-Associated Squamous Cell Head and Neck Cancer–A Perspective on Future Trial Designs
Authors: Steffen Ventz, Lorenzo Trippa, Jonathan D. Schoenfeld
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2019)

In recent years several clinical studies have investigated deintensified treatments in human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Two large phase III trials, RTOG 1016 and De-ESCALaTE, which attempted to reduce toxicity by replacing radiotherapy in combination with cisplatin with the use of cetuximab in combination with radiotherapy, recently suggested that radiotherapy + cetuximab leads to inferior survival compared with standard therapy (observed HRs of 1.45 and 5 in RTOG 1016 and De-ESCALaTE), as well as increased rates of locoregional failure. These unexpected results should prompt a careful examination of deintensification trials, both in HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer and in other contexts. Statistical designs for deintensification studies should be consistent with the study aims of reducing toxicities while maintaining survival nearly identical to the standard of care. We suggest criteria to design future deintensification trials and discuss important operating characteristics, including tradeoffs between power and stringent early stopping rules to reduce the number of patients exposed to inferior treatments. Using retrospective analyses of previous clinical studies, we compared designs with different operating characteristics. As an example, using outcomes data from RTOG 1016 and De-ESCALaTE, we conducted analyses to determine advantages of (i) stringent futility early-stopping rules and of (ii) study designs that leverage both toxicity and efficacy endpoints for interim analyses. We show that increasing the frequency of interim-futility analyses has little impact on power, but the average study duration and number of subjects enrolled before the trial is closed for inferiority can decrease substantially (from 57.8 to 18 months, and from 764 to 645 subjects). Moreover, the number of observed deaths during the study can be reduced by up to 68%.
Physician Perceptions of the Use of Social Media for Recruitment of Patients in Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Mina S. Sedrak, Virginia Sun, Jennifer Liu, Kevin George, Andrew R. Wong, William Dale, Don S. Dizon
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

<h3>Importance</h3> Social media campaigns have been successfully implemented in nontherapeutic trials. However, evidence to support their utility in cancer therapeutic trials is limited. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine physician attitudes toward and perceptions of social media use for therapeutic trial recruitment of patients with cancer. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This qualitative study engaged 44 physicians (24 academic based and 20 community based) at the main academic and 6 affiliated community sites of City of Hope in Duarte, California. Semistructured interviews were conducted in person or by telephone from March to June 2018. An interview guide was developed to explore perceptions of social media use for accrual of cancer therapeutic trials. Responses were recorded digitally and transcribed. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Physicians' perceptions of the advantages and disadvantages of using social media for clinical trial recruitment, strategies to improve uptake of social media in clinical trials, and the barriers and facilitators to social media use for professional purposes in general. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 44 participants, 16 (36%) were women, 30 (68%) had more than 10 years of practice experience, 24 (55%) practiced in academia, and 20 (45%) practiced in the community. Physicians most commonly cited increased trial awareness and visibility as an advantage of using social media for trial recruitment. Cited disadvantages were increased administrative burden and risk of misinformation. Physicians also reported a need for institutional-level interventions (eg, restructuring of clinical trial offices to include personnel with social media expertise), increased evidence-based approaches to social media use, and more physician training on the use of social media. Perceived facilitators to professional social media use were networking and education; barriers included lack of time and lack of evidence of benefit. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this qualitative study, physicians recognized the benefits of using social media for clinical trial recruitment but noted that barriers, including increased administrative burden, increased time, and the risk of misinformation, remain. Future interventions to address these concerns are a required first step in increasing digital engagement for clinical trial accrual purposes.
Class A drugs: use by young adults is at 16 year high, figures show
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Use of class A drugs among UK adults aged 16 to 24 is at its highest level for 16 years, official figures have shown.1

The Home Office, which published the figures on drug misuse on 19 September, said that the spike was largely driven by an increase in use of powder cocaine and ecstasy. The data, drawn from the government’s Crime Survey for England and Wales, show that 8.7% of adults aged 16 to 24 had taken a class A drug in 2018-19.

The change …
In patients ≥ 50 years with type 2 diabetes and CV disease or risk factors, dulaglutide reduced CV outcomes
Authors: Lorraine L. Lipscombe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

Source Citation Gerstein HC, Colhoun HM, Dagenais GR, et al; REWIND Investigators. Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2019;394:121-30. 31189511
Association Between Triglyceride Lowering and Reduction of Cardiovascular Risk Across Multiple Lipid-Lowering Therapeutic Classes
Authors: Nicholas A. Marston, Robert P. Giugliano, KyungAh Im, Michael G. Silverman, Michelle L. O’Donoghue, Stephen D. Wiviott, Brian A. Ference, Marc S. Sabatine
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Randomized trials of therapies that primarily lowered triglycerides have not consistently shown reductions in cardiovascular events.
Orofacial Dyskinesia in a Young Man
Authors: Xin Tian, Xue-feng Wang, Fei Xiao
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
IL-7R is essential for leukemia-initiating cell activity of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Sara González-García, Marta Mosquera, Patricia Fuentes, Tiziana Palumbo, Adela Escudero, Antonio Pérez-Martínez, Manuel Ramírez, Anne E. Corcoran, Maria L. Toribio
Journal: Blood (2019)
Abstract 13393: Alirocumab Reduces Total Nonfatal Cardiovascular and Fatal Events in the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES Trial
Authors: Michael Szarek, Harvey D White, Gregory G Schwartz, Marco Alings, Deepak L Bhatt, Vera A Bittner, Chern-En Chiang, Rafael Diaz, Jay M Edelberg, Shaun G Goodman, Corinne Hanotin, Robert A Harrington, J. Wouter Jukema, Takeshi Kimura, Robert Gabor Kiss, Guillaume Lecorps, Kenneth W Mahaffey, Angèle Moryusef, Robert Pordy, Matthew T Roe, Pierluigi Tricoci, Denis Xavier, Andreas M Zeiher, Ph Gabriel Steg
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: In ODYSSEY OUTCOMES, first occurrence of coronary heart disease (CHD) death, myocardial infarction (MI), fatal/nonfatal ischemic stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina (UA) wa...
Large-Scale, Bioreactor-Generated Expansion of Umbilical Cord Blood Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Clinical Use
Authors: April DePombo, Ana Huertas-Herrera, Mayela Carolina Mendt, Francesca Lorraine Wei Inng Lim, Young Gi, Yijiu Tong, Indreshpal Kaur, May Daher, Rafet Basar, Hila Shaim, Elif Gokdemir, Nadima Uprety, Nobuhiko Imahashi, Lucila Nassif Kerbauy, Li Li, Enli Liu, Junjun Lu, Sonny Ang, Mustafa H Bdiwi, Juan Jimenez, Muharrem Muftuoglu, Pinaki P Banerjee, Richard E Champlin, Joanne Kurtzberg, Katayoun Rezvani, Elizabeth J Shpall
Journal: Blood (2017)
Hydroxychloroquine Blood Levels Predict Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy
Authors: Michelle Petri, Marwa Elkhalifa, Jessica Li, Laurence S. Magder, Daniel W. Goldman
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2019)

In 2016, the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) changed the recommended daily dose of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) from 6.5 mg/kg to <5 mg/kg. However, it is not clear that the lower prescribed dose of HCQ will have the same efficacy for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) activity or the same role in protecting against cardiovascular risk factors and thrombosis. This study was undertaken to address the frequency of HCQ retinopathy and the role of HCQ blood levels in identifying those individuals who are at a greater future risk of retinopathy.HCQ blood levels in 537 patients with SLE from a large clinical cohort were repeatedly measured, and patients were tested for HCQ retinopathy. We assessed the risk of retinopathy according to clinical characteristics and blood levels of HCQ.The overall frequency of retinopathy was 4.3% (23 of 537 patients). There was a 1% risk of retinopathy in the first 5 years of HCQ treatment, 1.8% from 6 to 10 years, 3.3% from 11 to 15 years, 11.5% from 16 to 20 years, and 8.0% after 21 years of use. We found that older age (P < 0.0001), higher body mass index (P for trend = 0.0160), and longer duration of HCQ intake (P = 0.0024 and P for trend = 0.0006) were associated with a higher risk of HCQ toxicity. Higher blood levels of HCQ predicted later HCQ retinopathy (P = 0.0124 and P = 0.0340 for mean and maximum HCQ blood levels, respectively).Our data prove the utility of assessing blood levels of HCQ in the prediction of retinopathy. This would allow clinicians to either decrease the dose or increase monitoring in those patients with high HCQ blood levels.
Fatty Liver Disease Caused by High-Alcohol-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Jing Yuan, Chen Chen, Jinghua Cui, Jing Lu, Chao Yan, Xiao Wei, Xiangna Zhao, NanNan Li, Shaoli Li, Guanhua Xue, Weiwei Cheng, Boxing Li, Huan Li, Weishi Lin, Changyu Tian, Jiangtao Zhao, Juqiang Han, Daizhi An, Qiong Zhang, Hong Wei, Minghua Zheng, Xuejun Ma, Wei Li, Xiao Chen, Zheng Zhang, Hui Zeng, Sun Ying, JianXin Wu, Ruifu Yang, Di Liu
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2019)
Acute toxicity analysis of patients receiving surgery, Gliadel wafer implantation, and postoperative daily temozolomide with radiation therapy for primary high-grade glioma
Authors: C. R. Heery, A. Desjardins, J. A. Quinn, J. N. Rich, S. Gururangan, J. J. Vredenburgh, A. H. Friedman, D. A. Reardon, H. S. Friedman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

11504 Background: Treatment of patients with newly diagnosed malignant glioma using Gliadel wafer implantation at initial surgery has been shown to increase survival (Westphal et al 2003). Similarly, administration of temozolomide during and after radiotherapy has also been shown to increase survival in this patient population (Stupp et al 2005). Accordingly use of both Gliadel and temozolomide may be advantageous for these patients although it is possible that the toxicity of these two approaches used together might be prohibitive. Methods: The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke has occasionally treated with this approach over the last several years, and we now present an analysis of the observed acute toxicity. We retrospectively reviewed the Duke patients treated with surgery plus Gliadel wafer placement followed by daily temozolomide (75 mg/m 2 -150 mg/m 2 ) and radiation therapy. Results: Of 28 patients reviewed, four patients were diagnosed with AA (WHO grade III), two patients were diagnosed with AO (WHO grade III) and the remaining 22 patients were diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme (WHO grade IV). Two of the 28 7.1%) patients experienced grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity during radiation and daily temozolomide therapy. This is similar to the 7% of patients found to have hematologic toxicity reported by Stupp et al (2005). Three patients (10.7%) had grade 3 or 4 seizure activity. Two patients (7.1%) had grade 4 pulmonary emboli. No events of cerebral edema or wound complications were noted in this review of patient events following Gliadel wafer placement. Conclusions: In summary, the addition of Gliadel wafer placement at the time of surgery followed by radiation therapy with concurrent daily low dose temozolomide does not appear to have significant acute toxicity over that observed with radiation therapy and daily temozolomide. Future formal trials combining these therapeutic strategies may allow evaluation of the possible survival advantage associated with this approach. [Table: see text]
In poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide was noninferior to liraglutide for reducing HbA<sub>1c</sub>
Authors: Lorraine L. Lipscombe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

Source Citation Pratley R, Amod A, Hoff ST, et al; PIONEER 4 investigators. Oral semaglutide versus subcutaneous liraglutide and placebo in type 2 diabetes (PIONEER 4): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3a trial. Lancet. 2019;394:39-50. 31186120
Mutation Analysis and Allele Frequencies of HFE Gene C282Y, H63D and S65D in Patients with Hyperferritinemia and Healthy Controls from a City in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Gioconda Dr Leão, Aldair Paiva, Andrea Lac Fernandes, Erica Aires Gil, Roberto C Vasconcelos, Valéria Sf Sales, Gabriela Va Alves, Marcos Dias Leão, Francisco F Nascimento, Rodrigo Villar Freitas, Geraldo Barroso Cavalcanti
Journal: Blood (2017)
Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus daily canagliflozin as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 8): a double-blind, phase 3b, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ildiko Lingvay, Andrei-Mircea Catarig, Juan P Frias, Harish Kumar, Nanna L Lausvig, Carel W le Roux, Desirée Thielke, Adie Viljoen, Rory J McCrimmon
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2019)
MRI-based fatigue analysis predicts plaque vulnerability: A study comparing symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals [Conference Abstract]
Authors: Zhi-Yong Li
Journal: Circulation (2012)

BACKGROUND: Rupture of atheromatous plaque in the carotid artery often leads to thrombosis and subsequent stroke. The mechanism of plaque rupture is not entirely clear but is thought to be a multi-factorial process involving thinning and weakening of the fibrous cap and biomechanical stress as the trigger leading to plaque rupture. As the cardiovascular system is a classic fatigue environment, the weakening of plaque leading to rupture may be a fatigue process, which is a symptomatically quiescent but potentially progressive failure process. In this study, we used a fatigue analysis based on in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate the rupture initiation location, crack propagation path and fatigue life within plaques of asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. METHODS: Forty non-consecutive subjects (20 symptomatic and 20 asymptomatic) underwent high-resolution multi-sequence in vivo MRI of the carotid bifurcation. Fatigue analysis was performed based on the plaque geometry derived from in vivo MRI of the carotid artery at the point of maximum stenosis. Paris’ Law in fracture mechanics is adopted to determine the fatigue crack growth rate. Incremental crack propagation was dynamically simulated based on stress distributions. Plaque initiation location, crack propagation path and fatigue cycle of symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals were compared. RESULTS: Cracks were often found to begin at the lumen wall at areas of stress concentration. The preferred rupture direction was radial from the lumen center. The crack initially advanced slowly but accelerated as it developed, depending on plaque morphology. The fatigue cycles of symptomatic plaques were significantly less than those in the asymptomatic group (2.3 ± 0.9 vs 3.1 ± 0.7 (x106); p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The number of cycles to rupture in symptomatic patients was higher than those predicted in asymptomatic patients by fatigue analysis, suggesting the possibility that plaques with a less fatigue life may be more prone to be symptomatic and rupture. If further validated by large-scale longitudinal studies, fatigue analysis based on high resolution in vivo MRI could potentially act as a useful tool for risk assessment of carotid atheroma.