tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chemotherapy-Induced Upregulation of Small Extracellular Vesicle-Associated PTX3 Accelerates Breast Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Carson A. Wills, Xiaoming Liu, Longgui Chen, Yuanjun Zhao, Christopher M. Dower, Jeffrey Sundstrom, Hong-Gang Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a standard component of breast cancer treatment, recent evidence suggests that chemotherapeutic drugs can promote metastasis through poorly defined mechanisms. Here we utilize xenograft mouse models of triple-negative breast cancer to explore the importance of chemotherapy-induced tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) in metastasis. Doxorubicin (DXR) enhanced tumor cell sEV secretion to accelerate pulmonary metastasis by priming the premetastatic niche. Proteomic analysis and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing identified the inflammatory glycoprotein PTX3 enriched in DXR-elicited sEV as a critical regulator of chemotherapy-induced metastasis. Both genetic inhibition of sEV secretion from primary tumors and pharmacologic inhibition of sEV uptake in secondary organs suppressed metastasis following chemotherapy. Taken together, this research uncovers a mechanism of chemotherapy-mediated metastasis by which drug-induced upregulation of sEV secretion and PTX3 protein cargo primes the premetastatic niche and suggests that inhibition of either sEV uptake in secondary organs or secretion from primary tumor cells may be promising therapeutic strategies to suppress metastasis. Significance: These findings show that chemotherapy-induced small extracellular vesicles accelerate breast cancer metastasis, and targeted inhibition of tumor-derived vesicles may be a promising therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy treatment.
CAR2.0 Therapy for the Management of Post-Transplantation Relapse of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Rui Zhang, Juan Xiao, Zhouyang Liu, Yuan Sun, Sanfang Tu, Yuhua Li, Leping Zhang, Yifei Cheng, Song Xue, Yongping Zhang, Kai Wang, Bin Wang, Huyong Zheng, Nobuhiro Nishio, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, Jia Feng, Haichan Xu, Yuchen Liu, Yuchen Li, Cheng Jiao, Biljana N. Horn, Lung-Ji Chang
Journal: Blood (2020)
Pioneer Part 2: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2 Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Avapritinib in Indolent Systemic Mastocytosis
Authors: Cem Akin, Hanneke Oude Elberink, Jason Gotlib, Vito Sabato, Karin Hartmann, Sigurd Broesby-Olsen, Mariana Castells, Tsewang Tashi, Mark L Heaney, Tracy I. George, Frank Siebenhaar, Deepti H. Radia, Massimo Triggiani, Paul van Daele, Daniel J. DeAngelo, Iván Alvarez-Twose, Andreas Reiter, Peter Vadas, Patrizia Bonadonna, Paggy Hew, Hui-Min Lin, Maria Roche, Marcus Maurer
Journal: Blood (2020)
A Multicenter, Open-Label, Single-Arm, Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Hetrombopag in Patients with Severe Aplastic Anemia (SAA)
Authors: Fengkui Zhang, Guangxin Peng, Guangsheng He, Hong Chang, Sujun Gao, Xinjian Liu, Tong Chen, Pei Li, Bing Han, Miao Miao, Zheng Ge, Xiaoyan Ge, Fei Li, Yingmei Li, Shunqing Wang, Yi Wang, Yaqi Shen, Yanfei Tai, Tao Zhang, Bo Zhu, Jianjun Zou
Journal: Blood (2020)
Evaluation of a Low-Dose Computed Tomography Lung Cancer Screening Program in Henan, China
Authors: Lan-Wei Guo, Qiong Chen, Yin-Chen Shen, Qing-Cheng Meng, Li-Yang Zheng, Yue Wu, Xiao-Qin Cao, Hui-Fang Xu, Shu-Zheng Liu, Xi-Bin Sun, You-Lin Qiao, Shao-Kai Zhang
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Lung cancer screening has been widely implemented in Europe and the US. However, there is little evidence on participation and diagnostic yields in population-based lung cancer screening in China. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess the participation rate and detection rate of lung cancer in a population-based screening program and the factors associated with participation. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cross-sectional study used data from the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from October 2013 to October 2019, with follow-up until March 10, 2020. The program is conducted at centers in 8 cities in Henan Province, China. Eligible participants were aged 40 to 74 and were evaluated for a high risk for lung cancer using an established risk score system. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Overall and group-specific participation rates by common factors, such as age, sex, and educational level, were calculated. Differences in participation rates between those groups were compared. The diagnostic yield of both screening and nonscreening groups was calculated. <h3>Results</h3> The study recruited 282 377 eligible participants and included 55 428 with high risk for lung cancer; the mean (SD) age was 55.3 (8.1) years, and 34 966 participants (63.1%) were men. A total of 22 260 participants underwent LDCT (participation rate, 40.16%; 95% CI, 39.82%-40.50%). The multivariable logistic regression model showed that female sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% CI, 1.52-1.78), former smoking (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.13-1.41), lack of physical activity (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.14-1.24), family history of lung cancer (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.66-1.79), and 7 other factors were associated with increased participation of LDCT screening. Overall, at 6-year follow-up, 78 participants in the screening group (0.35%; 95% CI, 0.29%-0.42%) and 125 in the nonscreening group (0.38%; 95% CI, 0.33%-0.44%) had lung cancer detected, which resulted in an odds ratio of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.70-1.23;<i>P</i> = .61). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The low participations rate in the program studied suggests that an improved strategy is needed. These findings may provide useful information for designing effective population-based lung cancer screening strategies in the future.
Abstract 10838: HDAC Inhibition Induces Autophagy and Mitochondrial Biogenesis to Maintain Mitochondrial Homeostasis During Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Jing Yang, Jin He, Mahmoud Ismail, Sonja Tweeten, Fanfang Zeng, Ling Gao, Scott Ballinger, Martin Young, Sumanth Prabhu, Glenn Rowe, Jianyi Zhang, Min Xie
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction and Hypothesis: Fifty percent of tissue damage of myocardial infarction results from reperfusion injury. It is crucial to delineate the mechanisms of reperfusion injury as no standard ...
Long-Term Outcomes Following Donor-Derived Anti-CD19 CAR-T Cell Therapy for B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients Relapsed after Allogenic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Rongli Zhang, Ying Wang, Dehui Zou, Erlie Jiang, Yi He, Donglin Yang, Sizhou Feng, Jianxiang Wang, Ming-Zhe Han
Journal: Blood (2020)
Single-Agent Ibrutinib As First-Line Treatment for Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) in Routine Clinical Practice in Spain
Authors: Pau Abrisqueta Costa, Javier Loscertales, Maria Jose Terol, Angel Ramirez Payer, Macarena Ortiz Pareja, Inmaculada Perez, Carolina Cuellar, Margarita Fernandez De La Mata, Alicia Rodriguez, Ana Lario, Julio Delgado, Ana Cristina Godoy, Jose M Arguiñano, Maria José Berruezo, Ana C Oliveira, Jose Angel Hernandez-Rivas, María-Dolores García-Malo, Angeles Medina, Paloma García Martín, Santiago Osorio-Prendes, Patricia Baltasar, Miguel Fernandez, Fernando Marco, María-Jesús Vidal, Alicia Susana Smucler Simonovich, Montserrat Lopez Rubio, Isidro Jarque, Alexia Suárez Cabrera, Ruben Fernandez, Aima Lancharro Anchel, Eduardo Rios Herranz, Carmen Losada, Ernesto Pérez Persona, Ricardo Francisco Garcia, Rafael Ramos, Lucrecia Yáñez, Jose Luis Bello, Cristina Loriente, Miguel Villanueva
Journal: Blood (2020)
An Engineered RNA Platform to Neutralize DNMT1 Function and Control DNA Methylation for Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Carla Lucia Esposito, Ida Autiero, Mahmoud Adel Bassal, Sandomenico Annamaria, Simone Ummarino, Marta Borchiellini, Menotti Ruvo, Silvia Catuogno, Alexander Ebralidze, Vittorio De Franciscis, Annalisa Di Ruscio
Journal: Blood (2020)
Abstract 269: The Role of Neutrophils in Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Anchit Bhagat, eugenie kleinerman, Eugenie Kleinerman
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)

Doxorubicin (Dox) is one of the most effective chemotherapy agents for treating childhood cancer. Unfortunately, Dox also causes damage to the heart which leads to reduced heart function and heart failure in &gt;50% of survivors. Understanding the mechanisms by which Dox induces cardiotoxicity is crucial to identifying preventive interventions. Inflammation, in particular: neutrophils and monocytes has been linked to other form of cardiac disease. However, the role of these immune cells in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity has not been examined. We hypothesize that neutrophils are responsible for the early damage caused by Dox treatment. Using our mouse cardiotoxicity model, mice were treated with Doxorubicin for 2 weeks. Neutrophil infiltration in the heart 24 hours after therapy were evaluated by flow cytometry. There was an increase in neutrophils in heart tissue of Dox-treated mice as compared to controls and a decrease in heart function as quantified by echocardiography (ejection fraction [EF] and fractional shortening [FS]). Next, we depleted neutrophils using an anti-Ly6G antibody. Neutrophil depletion was confirmed by flow cytometry in the blood and hearts of Dox-treated mice. We found that neutrophil depletion prevented Dox-induced decrease in both ejection fraction and fractional shortening. Additionally, we also observed by flow cytometry that infiltration of monocytes was unaffected by the neutrophil depletion antibody. Based on this data we concluded that neutrophils and not monocytes are integral contributors to acute heart damage caused by Dox. These data indicate that targeting neutrophils may be a preventive strategy against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity.
Prognosis and Outcomes of Patients with Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder: A Single Center Retrospective Review
Authors: William B Pearse, Chetan V Vakkalagadda, Irene Helenowski, Jane N. Winter, Leo I. Gordon, Reem Karmali, Shuo Ma, Joseph R. Leventhal, John Friedewald, Daniel Ganger, Barbara Pro
Journal: Blood (2020)
Abstract 472: Liver X Receptor Ligands Suppress Intestinal Soat2 and Reduce Cholesterol in Mice Fed a High Cholesterol Diet
Authors: Kristine Griffett, Gonzalo Diaz, Ryan Sanders, Matthew Hayes, Thomas P Burris
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)

The nuclear receptors, liver X receptor-alpha and -beta (LXRa and LXRb), were originally identified as orphan members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily that function as heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor (RXR). Both LXRa and LXRb play important roles in cholesterol homeostasis and lipid metabolism and have been implicated in the pathology of several diseases including atherosclerosis, cancer, and obesity. Detailed examination of mice deficient in LXRa have revealed significant information regarding its role in regulating lipid metabolism while pharmacological roles of LXR in metabolism and inflammation have been identified using synthetic agonists. We have identified novel synthetic LXR Inverse Agonists that display the ability to suppress lipogenesis and significantly improve the phenotype of fatty liver diseases in several mouse models. During our previous investigation of LXR inverse agonists and fatty liver, we observed a substantial decrease in LDL and total cholesterol, as well as a significant decrease in soat2 gene expression. Recent basic and clinical studies indicate that soat2 may be a potential therapeutic target for cholesterol regulation and atherosclerosis treatment. Based on our observations, we investigated the effects of tissue-selective LXR inverse agonists on cholesterol regulation with greater intensity. We hypothesized that soat2 may be a novel target of LXR and that selectively suppressing LXR in the liver and/or intestine may lead to lowered cholesterol levels in hyperlipidemic models (n = 12). While our research is currently ongoing, we have validated soat2 as a potential LXR target gene by ChIP in hepatocytes, RNA-Seq experiments, fecal cholesterol excretion experiments, as well as expression assays in LXRa/b double knockout mouse tissues (n = 3). Additional studies in LDLr KO mice indicate that selectively targeting LXR in the gut with inverse agonists significantly decrease total and LDL cholesterol (n=12). We believe that this is an innovative method of targeting hypercholesterolemia and may lead to a new class of atherosclerosis therapeutics.
Abstract PO-120: MYC drives temporal evolution of small cell lung cancer subtypes by reprogramming neuroendocrine fate
Authors: Abbie S. Ireland, Alexi M. Micinski, David W. Kastner, Bingqian Guo, Sarah J. Wait, Kyle B. Spainhower, Christopher C. Conley, Opal S. Chen, Matthew R. Guthrie, Danny Soltero, Yi Qiao, Xiaomeng Huang, Szabolcs Tarapcsak, Siddhartha Devarakonda, Milind D. Chalishazar, Jason Gertz, Justin C. Moser, Gabor Marth, Sonam Puri, Benjamin L. Witt, Benjamin T. Spike, Trudy G. Oliver
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive neuroendocrine tumor that is treated clinically as a single disease with poor outcomes. However, SCLC is recently recognized to comprise multiple molecular subsets with unique therapeutic vulnerabilities. Four distinct subtypes of SCLC have been defined based on expression of lineage-related transcription factors: ASCL1, NEUROD1, POU2F3 or YAP1. The origins of these subtypes remain unknown. We use mouse and human SCLC models with a time-series analysis of single-cell transcriptome profiling to reveal that the oncogene MYC drives the dynamic evolution of SCLC subtypes by activation of Notch signaling. MYC cooperates with Notch signaling to promote a temporal shift from an ASCL1-to-NEUROD1-to-YAP1-positive state from a neuroendocrine cell of origin, whereas MYC promotes POU2F3+ tumors from a distinct cell type. SCLC molecular subtypes are therefore not distinct, but rather represent dynamic stages of MYC-driven tumor evolution. Treatment-naive human SCLC exhibits intratumoral heterogeneity in SCLC subtypes, suggesting this dynamic evolution occurs in patient tumors. These findings demonstrate that genetics, cell of origin, and tumor cell plasticity determine SCLC subtype. Given the reported unique therapeutic vulnerabilities of each subtype, we postulate that SCLC tumors represent a “moving therapeutic target” that may require more general, combinatorial, or plasticity-directed therapeutic approaches to combat this transcriptional flexibility. We anticipate that molecular subsets of other cancer types may also represent dynamic stages of tumor evolution. Citation Format: Abbie S. Ireland, Alexi M. Micinski, David W. Kastner, Bingqian Guo, Sarah J. Wait, Kyle B. Spainhower, Christopher C. Conley, Opal S. Chen, Matthew R. Guthrie, Danny Soltero, Yi Qiao, Xiaomeng Huang, Szabolcs Tarapcsak, Siddhartha Devarakonda, Milind D. Chalishazar, Jason Gertz, Justin C. Moser, Gabor Marth, Sonam Puri, Benjamin L. Witt, Benjamin T. Spike, Trudy G. Oliver. MYC drives temporal evolution of small cell lung cancer subtypes by reprogramming neuroendocrine fate [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-120.
Burden of Cardiovascular Events and Bleeding Is High in Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Rakchha Chhetri, Oisin Friel, Monika M Kutyna, Kathleen Pao Lynn Cheok, Li Yan A Wee, Hossam Amin, Rebecca Thompson, Deepak Singhal, Kirsty M Sharplin, Devendra K Hiwase
Journal: Blood (2020)
Dose-Dependent Effect of Platinum-Based Chemotherapy on the Risk of Metachronous Contralateral Testicular Cancer
Authors: Joost M. Blok, Harmke J. Groot, Eline H. Huele, Ronald de Wit, Simon Horenblas, Janine Nuver, Gerard Groenewegen, J.L.H. Ruud Bosch, J. Alfred Witjes, Jacqueline M. Tromp, Peter J.M. de Brouwer, Hetty A. van den Berg, Ben G.L. Vanneste, Tineke J. Smilde, Maureen J.B. Aarts, Jourik A. Gietema, Richard P. Meijer, Michael Schaapveld
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

Patients with testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) are at increased risk of developing a contralateral TGCT (CTGCT). Although some studies suggest that prior treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy affects CTGCT risk, a relationship between CTGCT risk and platinum dose has not previously been assessed. We analyzed the association between the number of platinum-based chemotherapy cycles and CTGCT risk.The risk of developing a metachronous CTGCT was evaluated in a nationwide cohort of 4,755 patients diagnosed with primary TGCT in the Netherlands between 1989 and 2007. Standardized incidence ratios were computed to compare CTGCT incidence with expected TGCT on the basis of TGCT incidence in the general population. The cumulative incidence of CTGCT was estimated in the presence of death as competing risk. The effect of treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy on CTGCT risk was assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models.CTGCT was diagnosed in 136 patients (standardized incidence ratio, 14.6; 95% CI, 12.2 to 17.2). The cumulative incidence increased up to 20 years after primary diagnosis, reaching 3.4% (95% CI, 2.8% to 4.0%) after 20 years of follow up. The risk of developing a CTGCT decreased with age (hazard ratio [HR], 0.93; 95% CI, 0.90 to 0.96), was lower after nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.96) and decreased with every additional cycle of chemotherapy (HRper cycle, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.85).Approximately one in every 30 survivors of TGCT will develop a CTGCT, with CTGCT incidence increasing up to 20 years after a primary TGCT. Treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy shows a dose-dependent inverse association with CTGCT risk.
Antimicrobial stewardship in the emergency department: characteristics and evidence for effectiveness of interventions
Authors: Larissa May, Alejandro Martín Quirós, Jaap Ten Oever, Jacobien Hoogerwerf, Teske Schoffelen, Jeroen Schouten
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2020)

Emergency departments (EDs) are the entrance gates for patients presenting with infectious diseases into the hospital, yet most antimicrobial stewardship programmes are primarily focused on inpatient management. With equally high rates of inappropriate antibiotic use, the ED is a frequently overlooked yet important unit for targeted antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions.We aimed to (a) describe the specific aspects of antimicrobial stewardship in the ED and (b) summarize the findings from improvement studies that have investigated the effectiveness of antimicrobial stewardship interventions in the ED setting.(a) a PubMed search for 'antimicrobial stewardship' and 'emergency department', and (b) published reviews on effectiveness combined with publications from the first source.(a) An in depth analysis of selected publications provided four key antimicrobial use processes typically performed by front-line healthcare professionals in the ED: making a (tentative) clinical diagnosis, starting empirical therapy based on that diagnosis, performing microbiological tests before starting that therapy and following up patients who are discharged from the ED. (b) Further, we discuss the literature on improvement strategies in the ED focusing on guidelines and clinical pathways and multifaceted improvement strategies. We also summarize the evidence of microbiologic culture review.Based on our review of the literature, we describe four essential elements of antimicrobial use in the ED. Studying the various interventions targeting these care processes, we have found them to be of a variable degree of success. Nonetheless, while there is a paucity of AS studies specifically targeting the ED, there is a growing body of evidence that AS programmes in the ED are effective with modifications to the ED setting. We present key questions for future research.
Quality of Colonoscopy Is Associated With Adenoma Detection and Postcolonoscopy Colorectal Cancer Prevention in Lynch Syndrome
Authors: Ariadna Sánchez, Victorine H. Roos, Matilde Navarro, Marta Pineda, Berta Caballol, Lorena Moreno, Sabela Carballal, Lorena Rodríguez-Alonso, Teresa Ramon y Cajal, Gemma Llort, Virginia Piñol, Adrià López-Fernández, Inmaculada Salces, Maria Dolores Picó, Laura Rivas, Luis Bujanda, Marta Garzon, Angeles Pizarro, Eva Martinez de Castro, Maria Jesus López-Arias, Carmen Poves, Catalina Garau, Daniel Rodriguez-Alcalde, Maite Herraiz, Cristina Alvarez-Urrutia, Andres Dacal, Marta Carrillo-Palau, Lucia Cid, Marta Ponce, Eva Barreiro-Alonso, Esteban Saperas, Elena Aguirre, Cristina Romero, Barbara Bastiaansen, Maribel Gonzalez-Acosta, Blai Morales-Romero, Teresa Ocaña, Liseth Rivero-Sánchez, Gerhard Jung, Xavier Bessa, Joaquin Cubiella, Rodrigo Jover, Francisco Rodríguez-Moranta, Judith Balmaña, Joan Brunet, Antoni Castells, Evelien Dekker, Gabriel Capella, Miquel Serra-Burriel, Leticia Moreira, Maria Pellise, Francesc Balaguer
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)
Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) Vs. Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWH) for Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) in Patients with Primary Brain Tumors or Secondary Brain Metastases
Authors: Angela Lee, Frank Oley, Mimi Lo, Richard Fong, Mary McGann, Ila Saunders, Shanna Block, Anjlee Mahajan, Tiffany Pon
Journal: Blood (2020)
<i>Mdm2</i> Haplo-Insufficiency in Hematopoietic and Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells Results in Cell Death
Authors: Rasoul Pourebrahim, Rafael Heinz Montoya, Zoe Alaniz, Lauren B Ostermann, Edward Ayoub, Patrick P Lin, Jared K. Burks, Michael Andreeff
Journal: Blood (2020)
ALX148, a CD47 Blocker, in Combination with Rituximab in Patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Tae Min Kim, Nehal Lakhani, Justin Gainor, Manali Kamdar, Philip Fanning, Pierre Squifflet, Feng Jin, Alison J. Forgie, Hong Wan, Jaume Pons, Sophia S Randolph, Won Seog Kim
Journal: Blood (2020)
Incidence, Characteristics, and Outcome of COVID-19 in Adults on Kidney Replacement Therapy: A Regionwide Registry Study
Authors: Johan De Meester, Dirk De Bacquer, Maarten Naesens, Bjorn Meijers, Marie M. Couttenye, An S. De Vriese
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection disproportionally affects frail, elderly patients and those with multiple chronic comorbidities. Whether patients on RRT have an additional risk because of their specific exposure and complex immune dysregulation is controversial.To describe the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we conducted a prospective, multicenter, region-wide registry study in adult patients on RRT versus the general population from March 2 to May 25, 2020. This study comprised all patients undergoing RRT in the Flanders region of Belgium, a country that has been severely affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).At the end of the epidemic wave, crude and age-standardized cumulative incidence rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection were 5.3% versus 2.5%, respectively, among 4297 patients on hemodialysis, and 1.4% versus 1.6%, respectively, among 3293 patients with kidney transplants (compared with 0.6% in the general population). Crude and age-standardized cumulative mortality rates were 29.6% versus 19.9%, respectively, among patients on hemodialysis, and 14.0% versus 23.0%, respectively, among patients with transplants (compared with 15.3% in the general population). We found no excess mortality in the hemodialysis population when compared with mean mortality rates during the same 12-week period in 2015-2019 because COVID-19 mortality was balanced by lower than expected mortality among uninfected patients. Only 0.18% of the kidney transplant population died of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Mortality associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is high in patients on RRT. Nevertheless, the epidemic's overall effect on the RRT population remained remarkably limited in Flanders. Calculation of excess mortality and age standardization provide a more reliable picture of the mortality burden of COVID-19 among patients on RRT.