tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Benefits of Treating Obstructive Sleep Apnea—Reply
Authors: Daniel J. Gottlieb, Naresh M. Punjabi
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction before and after lockdown according to regional prevalence of COVID-19 and patient profile in France: a registry study
Authors: Jules Mesnier, Yves Cottin, Pierre Coste, Emile Ferrari, François Schiele, Gilles Lemesle, Christophe Thuaire, Denis Angoulvant, Guillaume Cayla, Claire Bouleti, Romain Gallet de Saint Aurin, Pascal Goube, Thibault Lhermusier, Jean-Guillaume Dillinger, Franck Paganelli, Anis Saib, Fabrice Prunier, Gerald Vanzetto, Olivier Dubreuil, Etienne Puymirat, Franck Boccara, Hélène Eltchaninoff, Marine Cachanado, Alexandra Rousseau, Elodie Drouet, Philippe-Gabriel Steg, Tabassome Simon, Nicolas Danchin
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2020)
The impact of asthma on mental health and wellbeing during COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Daniel H. Higbee, George W. Nava, Alex S.F. Kwong, James W. Dodd, Raquel Granell
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

<b>People with asthma are more vulnerable to the negative mental health impact of lockdown. This is not explained by mental or physical comorbidities and highlights the need to provide support for anxiety and depression in younger people with asthma.</b>https://bit.ly/3tEblYS
Incidence of New Primary Cutaneous Melanoma in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Japbani K. Nanda, Stephen W. Dusza, Cristian Navarrete-Dechent, Konstantinos Liopyris, Ashfaq A. Marghoob, Michael A. Marchetti
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2020)

The development of new primary cutaneous melanoma (CM) after starting immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is poorly characterized.To determine the incidence of new CM in patients treated with ipilimumab, nivolumab, and/or pembrolizumab for metastatic melanoma.Single-center, retrospective, observational cohort study using an institutional database to identify patients diagnosed with melanoma at a tertiary care cancer hospital in New York, New York.Ipilimumab, nivolumab, and/or pembrolizumab treatment for metastatic melanoma.Primary outcomes were the incidence proportion, the incidence rate, and the 5-year cause-specific cumulative risk.A total of 2251 patients were included in the study; mean (SD) age at the time of ICI start was 62.8 (14.4) years. The majority were male (63.8%, n = 1437), White (92.7%, n = 2086), and non-Hispanic (92.1%, n = 2073). Forty-two of 2251 patients who received ipilimumab, nivolumab, and/or pembrolizumab were diagnosed with 48 new CMs at a median (range) of 397.5 (39-2409) days after ICI initiation. The median age of affected patients at the time of ICI first dose was 66.5 years. The majority were male (66.7%, n = 28), White (92.9%, n = 39), and non-Hispanic (100.0%, n = 42). There were no differences in age, sex, race, and ethnicity among patients who did and did not develop a new CM. Patients who developed a new CM were more likely to have a family history of melanoma (23.8% vs 16.3%, P = .02). Most new CMs (n = 30, 62.5%) were diagnosed after the last date of ICI administration. Twenty-seven (56.3%) new CMs were in situ and 21 (43.8%) were invasive. Of the invasive CMs with a reported Breslow thickness (n = 20), the median (range) thickness was 0.4 (0.1-8.4) mm. The overall incidence proportion of new CM was 1.9% (95% CI, 1.4%-2.5%) and the incidence rate was 1103 cases per 100 000 person-years (95% CI, 815-1492). The 5-year cumulative cause-specific risk of new CM was 4.9% (95% CI, 3.3%-7.4%).Patients treated with ICI therapy for metastatic melanoma remain at risk for the development of new CM.
Substantial risk of recurrence even after 5 recurrence-free years in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Jihye Kim, Wonseok Kang, Dong Hyun Sinn, Geum-Youn Gwak, Yong-Han Paik, Moon Seok Choi, Joon Hyeok Lee, Kwang Cheol Koh, Seung Woon Paik
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2020)

Background/Aims: Although hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is notorious for its high recurrence rate, some patients do not experience recurrence for more than 5 years after resection or radiofrequency ablation for early-stage HCC. For those with five recurrence-free period, the risk of HCC recurrence within the next 5 years remains unknown.Methods: A total of 1,451 consecutive patients (median, 55 years old; males, 79.0%; hepatitis B virus-related, 79.3%) with good liver function (Child-Pugh class A) diagnosed with early-stage HCC by Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Staging and received radiofrequency ablation or resection as an initial treatment between 2005 and 2010 were analyzed.Results: During a median follow-up period of 8.1 years, 961 patients (66.2%) experienced HCC recurrence. The cumulative recurrence rates increased to 39.7%, 60.3%, and 71.0% at 2, 5, and 10 years, respectively, and did not reach a plateau. Five years after HCC diagnosis, 487 patients were alive without experiencing a recurrence. Among them, during a median of 3.9 additional years of follow-up (range, 0.1–9.0 years), 127 patients (26.1%) experienced recurrence. The next 5-year cumulative recurrence rate (5–10 years from initial diagnosis) was 27.0%. Male sex, higher fibrosis-4 scores, and alpha-fetoprotein levels at 5 years were associated with later HCC recurrence among patients who did not experience recurrence for more than 5 years.Conclusions: The HCC recurrence rate following 5 recurrence-free years after HCC treatment was high, indicating that HCC patients warrant continued HCC surveillance, even after 5 recurrence-free years.
How to make your research jump off the page: Co-creation to broaden public engagement in medical research
Authors: Nina Finley, Talia H. Swartz, Kevin Cao, Joseph D. Tucker
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2020)

Many scientific research manuscripts are intended for other researchers and not the public.However, the public are involved in research as participants, taxpayers, and patients.• We discuss co-creation and how it can be used to enhance medical research.• Co-creation is an iterative, bidirectional collaboration between researchers and laypeople to create knowledge.This process can broaden public engagement in medical research.• Co-creation is related to theories of crowdsourcing, community-based participatory research, citizen science, and participatory action research.• Public online calls for input, crowdsourcing contests, hackathons, and participatory design sessions are all examples of activities to co-create with the public.• Infographics and videos are two tools that can be used to broaden public engagement in medical research.How can you make your medical research jump off the page?Every year, 1.7 million peerreviewed manuscripts are published, and many are never cited or shared [1].These manuscripts are written by researchers for researchers.Paywalls, dense text, few illustrations, and complicated statistics prevent most of the public from seeing the end products of medical research.Yet the results of biomedical research are meant for the public.People living with diseases and other members of the public are often the ones who join (i.e., as research participants), fund (i.e., as taxpayers), and benefit from (i.e., as patients) medical studies.We propose using co-creation to broaden public engagement on medical research.Co-creation is an iterative, bidirectional collaboration between researchers and laypeople to create knowledge [2].Public engagement is a mutually beneficial interaction between specialists and nonspecialists
Preemptive Therapy vs Antiviral Prophylaxis in Cytomegalovirus-Seronegative Liver Transplant Recipients With Seropositive Donors—Reply
Authors: Nina Singh, Ajit P. Limaye
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ecological Dynamics: Integrating Empirical, Statistical, and Analytical Methods
Authors: Amanda N. Laubmeier, Bernard Cazelles, Kim Cuddington, Kelley D. Erickson, Marie-Josée Fortin, Kiona Ogle, Christopher K. Wikle, Kai Zhu, Elise F. Zipkin
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2020)
Change in Donor Characteristics and Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in Donated Blood in the US, June-August 2020
Authors: Roger Y. Dodd, Meng Xu, Susan L. Stramer
Journal: JAMA (2020)

This study describes changes in blood donor demographics and seroreactivity after testing of blood donations for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies began and was publicized in the US in mid-June 2020.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Unveils Unique Transcriptomic Signatures of Organ-Specific Endothelial Cells
Authors: David T. Paik, Lei Tian, Ian M. Williams, Siyeon Rhee, Hao Zhang, Chun Liu, Ridhima Mishra, Sean M. Wu, Kristy Red-Horse, Joseph C. Wu
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Endothelial cells (ECs) display considerable functional heterogeneity depending on the vessel and tissue in which they are located. Whereas these functional differences are presumably imprinted in the transcriptome, the pathways and networks that sustain EC heterogeneity have not been fully delineated.To investigate the transcriptomic basis of EC specificity, we analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data from tissue-specific mouse ECs generated by the Tabula Muris consortium. We used a number of bioinformatics tools to uncover markers and sources of EC heterogeneity from single-cell RNA sequencing data.We found a strong correlation between tissue-specific EC transcriptomic measurements generated by either single-cell RNA sequencing or bulk RNA sequencing, thus validating the approach. Using a graph-based clustering algorithm, we found that certain tissue-specific ECs cluster strongly by tissue (eg, liver, brain), whereas others (ie, adipose, heart) have considerable transcriptomic overlap with ECs from other tissues. We identified novel markers of tissue-specific ECs and signaling pathways that may be involved in maintaining their identity. Sex was a considerable source of heterogeneity in the endothelial transcriptome and we discovered Lars2 to be a gene that is highly enriched in ECs from male mice. We found that markers of heart and lung ECs in mice were conserved in human fetal heart and lung ECs. We identified potential angiocrine interactions between tissue-specific ECs and other cell types by analyzing ligand and receptor expression patterns.We used single-cell RNA sequencing data generated by the Tabula Muris consortium to uncover transcriptional networks that maintain tissue-specific EC identity and to identify novel angiocrine and functional relationships between tissue-specific ECs.
Technical Refinements in Superextended Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy for Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer Patients at Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Elio Mazzone, Paolo Dell’Oglio, Giuseppe Rosiello, Stefano Puliatti, Nicholas Brook, Filippo Turri, Alessandro Larcher, Sergi Beato, Iulia Andras, Pawel Wisz, Abhishek Pandey, Ruben De Groote, Peter Schatteman, Geert De Naeyer, Frederiek D’Hondt, Alexandre Mottrie
Journal: European Urology (2020)
Christine Joy English
Authors: Peter English, Jenny English
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Christine Joy English (nee Myerscough) grew up in Edinburgh and attended the Mary Erskine School, where she became head girl before studying medicine at St Andrews and Dundee universities. She graduated with commendation and was also awarded the John Kynoch scholarship in obstetrics. After completing a medical preregistration house job on the professorial unit at Ninewells Hospital, she went to Nottingham General Hospital for her surgical house job, where she …
Dioecy Is Associated with High Genetic Diversity and Adaptation Rates in the Plant Genus<i>Silene</i>
Authors: Aline Muyle, Hélène Martin, Niklaus Zemp, Maéva Mollion, Sophie Gallina, Raquel Tavares, Alexandre Silva, Thomas Bataillon, Alex Widmer, Sylvain Glémin, Pascal Touzet, Gabriel A B Marais
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2020)

About 15,000 angiosperm species (∼6%) have separate sexes, a phenomenon known as dioecy. Why dioecious taxa are so rare is still an open question. Early work reported lower species richness in dioecious compared with nondioecious sister clades, raising the hypothesis that dioecy may be an evolutionary dead-end. This hypothesis has been recently challenged by macroevolutionary analyses that detected no or even positive effect of dioecy on diversification. However, the possible genetic consequences of dioecy at the population level, which could drive the long-term fate of dioecious lineages, have not been tested so far. Here, we used a population genomics approach in the Silene genus to look for possible effects of dioecy, especially for potential evidence of evolutionary handicaps of dioecy underlying the dead-end hypothesis. We collected individual-based RNA-seq data from several populations in 13 closely related species with different sexual systems: seven dioecious, three hermaphroditic, and three gynodioecious species. We show that dioecy is associated with increased genetic diversity, as well as higher selection efficacy both against deleterious mutations and for beneficial mutations. The results hold after controlling for phylogenetic inertia, differences in species census population sizes and geographic ranges. We conclude that dioecious Silene species neither show signs of increased mutational load nor genetic evidence for extinction risk. We discuss these observations in the light of the possible demographic differences between dioecious and self-compatible hermaphroditic species and how this could be related to alternatives to the dead-end hypothesis to explain the rarity of dioecy.
Progress Toward Poliovirus Containment Implementation — Worldwide, 2019–2020
Authors: Daphne B. Moffett, Anna Llewellyn, Harpal Singh, Eugene Saxentoff, Jeffrey Partridge, Liliane Boualam, Mark Pallansch, Steven Wassilak, Humayun Asghar, Sigrun Roesel, Varja Grabovac, Gloria Rey-Benito, Jacob Barnor, Andros Theo, Joseph Swan, Maria Iakovenko, Najam Baig, Santosh Gurung, Ekkehart Pandel, Michel Zaffran
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

Since 1988, when World Health Organization (WHO) Member States and partners launched the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, the number of wild poliovirus (WPV) cases has declined from 350,000 in 125 countries to 176 in only two countries in 2019 (1). The Global Commission for the Certification of Poliomyelitis Eradication (GCC) declared two of the three WPV types, type 2 (WPV2) and type 3 (WPV3), eradicated globally in 2015 and 2019, respectively (1). Wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) remains endemic in Afghanistan and Pakistan (1). Containment under strict biorisk management measures is vital to prevent reintroduction of eradicated polioviruses into communities from poliovirus facilities. In 2015, Member States committed to contain type 2 polioviruses (PV2) in poliovirus-essential facilities (PEFs) certified in accordance with a global standard (2). Member states agreed to report national PV2 inventories annually, destroy unneeded PV2 materials, and, if retaining PV2 materials, establish national authorities for containment (NACs) and a PEF auditing process. Since declaration of WPV3 eradication in October 2019, these activities are also required with WPV3 materials. Despite challenges faced during 2019-2020, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the global poliovirus containment program continues to work toward important milestones. To maintain progress, all WHO Member States are urged to adhere to the agreed containment resolutions, including officially establishing legally empowered NACs and submission of PEF Certificates of Participation.
Risk Factors for Bleeding, Including Platelet Count Threshold, in Newly Diagnosed ITP Patients
Authors: Marie Piel-Julian, Matthieu Mahévas, Johanne Germain, Laetitia Languille, Thibault Comont, Natacha Brun, Claire Dingremont, Brice Castel, Sophie Arista, Serge Madaule, Laurent Prudhomme, Laurent Sailler, Maryse Lapeyre-Mestre, Nicolas Limal, Odile Beyne-Rauzy, Marc Michel, Daniel Adoue, Bertrand Godeau, Guillaume Moulis
Journal: Blood (2017)
Neoadjuvant nivolumab plus ipilimumab in resectable non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Joshua E Reuss, Valsamo Anagnostou, Tricia R Cottrell, Kellie N Smith, Franco Verde, Marianna Zahurak, Mara Lanis, Joseph C Murray, Hok Yee Chan, Caroline McCarthy, Daphne Wang, James R White, Stephen Yang, Richard Battafarano, Stephen Broderick, Errol Bush, Malcolm Brock, Jinny Ha, David Jones, Taha Merghoub, Janis Taube, Victor E Velculescu, Gary Rosner, Peter Illei, Drew M Pardoll, Suzanne Topalian, Jarushka Naidoo, Ben Levy, Matthew Hellmann, Julie R Brahmer, Jamie E Chaft, Patrick M Forde
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

We conducted the first trial of neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade in resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), finding nivolumab monotherapy to be safe and feasible with an encouraging rate of pathologic response. Building on these results, and promising data for nivolumab plus ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) in advanced NSCLC, we expanded our study to include an arm investigating neoadjuvant nivolumab plus ipilimumab.Patients with resectable stage IB (≥4 cm)-IIIA (American Joint Committee on Cancer Tumor Node Metastases seventh edition), histologically confirmed, treatment-naïve NSCLC received nivolumab 3 mg/kg intravenously plus ipilimumab 1 mg/kg intravenously 6 weeks prior to planned resection. Nivolumab 3 mg/kg was given again approximately 4 and 2 weeks preoperatively. Primary endpoints were safety and feasibility with a planned enrollment of 15 patients. Pathologic response was a key secondary endpoint.While the treatment regimen was feasible per protocol, due to toxicity, the study arm was terminated early by investigator consensus after 9 of 15 patients were enrolled. All patients received every scheduled dose of therapy and were fit for planned surgery; however, 6 of 9 (67%) experienced treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) and 3 (33%) experienced grade ≥3 TRAEs. Three of 9 patients (33%) had biopsy-confirmed tumor progression precluding definitive surgery. Of the 6 patients who underwent resection, 3 are alive and disease-free, 2 experienced recurrence and are actively receiving systemic treatment, and one died postoperatively due to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Two patients who underwent resection had tumor pathologic complete responses (pCRs) and continue to remain disease-free over 24 months since surgery. Pathologic response correlated with pre-treatment tumor PD-L1 expression, but not tumor mutation burden. Tumor KRAS/STK11 co-mutations were identified in 5 of 9 patients (59%), of whom two with disease progression precluding surgery had tumor KRAS/STK11/KEAP1 co-mutations.Though treatment was feasible, due to toxicity the study arm was terminated early by investigator consensus. In light of this, and while the long-term disease-free status of patients who achieved pCR is encouraging, further investigation of neoadjuvant nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with resectable NSCLC requires the identification of predictive biomarkers that enrich for response.
Exercise Training Decreases Hepatic Injury and Metastases Through Changes in Immune Response to Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion in Mice
Authors: Hamza O. Yazdani, Christof Kaltenmeier, Kristin Morder, Juik Moon, Madelyn Traczek, Patricia Loughran, Ruben Zamora, Yoram Vodovotz, Feng Li, James H‐C. Wang, David A. Geller, Richard L. Simmons, Samer Tohme
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

Background and Aims Liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) induces local and systemic inflammation in which neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are major drivers. IRI markedly augments metastatic growth, which is consistent with the notion that the liver IRI can serve as a premetastatic niche. Exercise training (ExT) confers a sustainable protection, reducing IRI in some animal models, and has been associated with improved survival in patients with cancer; however, the impact of ExT on liver IRI or development of hepatic metastases is unknown. Approach and Results Mice were randomized into exercise (ExT) and sedentary groups before liver IRI and tumor injection. Computerized dynamic network analysis of 20 inflammatory mediators was used to dissect the sequence of mediator interactions after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) that induce injury. ExT mice showed a significant decrease in hepatic IRI and tissue necrosis. This coincided with disassembly of complex networks among inflammatory mediators seen in sedentary mice. Neutrophil infiltration and NET formation were decreased in the ExT group, which suppressed the expression of liver endothelial cell adhesion molecules. Concurrently, ExT mice revealed a distinct population of infiltrating macrophages expressing M2 phenotypic genes. In a metastatic model, fewer metastases were present 3 weeks after I/R in the ExT mice, a finding that correlated with a marked increase in tumor‐suppressing T cells within the tumor microenvironment. Conclusions ExT preconditioning mitigates the inflammatory response to liver IRI, protecting the liver from injury and metastases. In light of these findings, potential may exist for the reduction of liver premetastatic niches induced by liver IRI through the use of ExT as a nonpharmacologic therapy before curative surgical approaches.