tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Suicide Prevention Interventions With Subsequent Suicide Attempts, Linkage to Follow-up Care, and Depression Symptoms for Acute Care Settings
Authors: Stephanie K. Doupnik, Brittany Rudd, Timothy Schmutte, Diana Worsley, Cadence F. Bowden, Erin McCarthy, Elliott Eggan, Jeffrey A. Bridge, Steven C. Marcus
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> To prevent suicide deaths, acute care settings need tools to ensure individuals at risk of suicide access mental health care and remain safe until they do so. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine the association of brief acute care suicide prevention interventions with patients' subsequent suicide attempts, linkage to follow-up care, and depression symptoms at follow-up. <h3>Data Sources</h3> Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Embase, and references of included studies using concepts of suicide, prevention, and clinical trial to identify relevant articles published January 2000 to May 2019. <h3>Study Selection</h3> Studies describing clinical trials of single-encounter suicide prevention interventions were included. Two reviewers independently reviewed all articles to determine eligibility for study inclusion. <h3>Data Extraction and Synthesis</h3> Two reviewers independently abstracted data according to PRISMA guidelines and assessed studies' risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Data were pooled for each outcome using random-effects models. Small study effects including publication bias were assessed using Peter and Egger regression tests. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Three primary outcomes were examined: subsequent suicide attempts, linkage to follow-up care, and depression symptoms at follow-up. Suicide attempts and linkage to follow-up care were measured using validated patient self-report measures and medical record review; odds ratios and Hedges<i>g</i>standardized mean differences were pooled to estimate effect sizes. Depression symptoms were measured 2 to 3 months after the encounter using validated self-report measures, and pooled Hedges<i>g</i>standardized mean differences were used to estimate effect sizes. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 14 studies, representing outcomes for 4270 patients, were included. Pooled-effect estimates showed that brief suicide prevention interventions were associated with reduced subsequent suicide attempts (pooled odds ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.53-0.89), increased linkage to follow-up (pooled odds ratio, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.79-5.17) but were not associated with reduced depression symptoms (Hedges<i>g</i> = 0.28 [95% CI, −0.02 to 0.59). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this meta-analysis, breif suicide prevention interventions were associated with reduced subsequent suicide attempts. Suicide prevention interventions delivered in a single in-person encounter may be effective at reducing subsequent suicide attempts and ensuring that patients engage in follow-up mental health care.
Progress Toward Rubella Elimination — Western Pacific Region, 2000–2019
Authors: Jennifer K. Knapp, Kayla M. Mariano, Roberta Pastore, Varja Grabovac, Yoshihiro Takashima, James P. Alexander, Susan E. Reef, José E. Hagan
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

Rubella is the leading vaccine-preventable cause of birth defects. Rubella typically manifests as a mild febrile rash illness; however, infection during pregnancy, particularly during the first trimester, can result in miscarriage, fetal death, or a constellation of malformations known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), commonly including one or more visual, auditory, or cardiac defects (1). In 2012, the Regional Committee of the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region (WPR)* committed to accelerate rubella control, and in 2017, resolved that all countries or areas (countries) in WPR should aim for rubella elimination† as soon as possible (2,3). WPR countries are capitalizing on measles elimination activities, using a combined measles and rubella vaccine, case-based surveillance for febrile rash illness, and integrated diagnostic testing for measles and rubella. This report summarizes progress toward rubella elimination and CRS prevention in WPR during 2000-2019. Coverage with a first dose of rubella-containing vaccine (RCV1) increased from 11% in 2000 to 96% in 2019. During 1970-2019, approximately 84 million persons were vaccinated through 62 supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) conducted in 27 countries. Reported rubella incidence increased from 35.5 to 71.3 cases per million population among reporting countries during 2000-2008, decreased to 2.1 in 2017, and then increased to 18.4 in 2019 as a result of outbreaks in China and Japan. Strong sustainable immunization programs, closing of existing immunity gaps, and maintenance of high-quality surveillance to respond rapidly to and contain outbreaks are needed in every WPR country to achieve rubella elimination in the region.
Covid-19: Researchers question policy of closing schools after finding under 20s have low susceptibility to virus
Authors: Ingrid Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Covid-19: Researchers question policy of closing schools after finding under 20s have low susceptibility to virus Ingrid TorjesenChildren and young people under 20 are half as susceptible to covid-19 and far less likely to experience clinical symptoms than older age groups, a study published in Nature Medicine shows.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Complement in Patients With Alcohol‐Associated Hepatitis
Authors: Xiude Fan, Rebecca L. McCullough, Emily Huang, Annette Bellar, Adam Kim, Kyle L. Poulsen, Craig J. McClain, Mack Mitchell, Arthur J. McCullough, Svetlana Radaeva, Bruce Barton, Gyongyi Szabo, Srinivasan Dasarathy, Daniel M. Rotroff, Laura E. Nagy
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

Given the lack of effective therapies and high mortality in acute alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH), it is important to develop rationally designed biomarkers for effective disease management. Complement, a critical component of the innate immune system, contributes to uncontrolled inflammatory responses leading to liver injury, but is also involved in hepatic regeneration. Here, we investigated whether a panel of complement proteins and activation products would provide useful biomarkers for severity of AH and aid in predicting 90-day mortality.
Does end‐organ dysfunction precede or follow cardiogenic shock in acute decompensated heart failure? The two‐faced <scp>J</scp>anus. Letter regarding the article ‘Epidemiology, pathophysiology and contemporary management of cardiogenic shock — a position statement from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)’
Authors: Filippo Angelini, Pier Paolo Bocchino, Simone Frea, Gaetano Maria De Ferrari
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2020)
Serum Detection of Nonadherence to Adjuvant Tamoxifen and Breast Cancer Recurrence Risk
Authors: Barbara Pistilli, Angelo Paci, Arlindo R. Ferreira, Antonio Di Meglio, Vianney Poinsignon, Aurelie Bardet, Gwenn Menvielle, Agnes Dumas, Sandrine Pinto, Sarah Dauchy, Leonor Fasse, Paul H. Cottu, Florence Lerebours, Charles Coutant, Anne Lesur, Olivier Tredan, Patrick Soulie, Laurence Vanlemmens, Christelle Jouannaud, Christelle Levy, Sibille Everhard, Patrick Arveux, Anne Laure Martin, Alexandra Dima, Nancy U. Lin, Ann H. Partridge, Suzette Delaloge, Stefan Michiels, Fabrice André, Ines Vaz-Luis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

Nonadherence to long-term treatments is often under-recognized by physicians and there is no gold standard for its assessment. In breast cancer, nonadherence to tamoxifen therapy after surgery constitutes a major obstacle to optimal outcomes. We sought to evaluate the rate of biochemical nonadherence to adjuvant tamoxifen using serum assessment and to examine its effects on short-term, distant disease-free survival (DDFS).We studied 1,177 premenopausal women enrolled in a large prospective study (CANTO/NCT01993498). Definition of biochemical nonadherence was based on a tamoxifen serum level < 60 ng/mL, assessed 1 year after prescription. Self-reported nonadherence to tamoxifen therapy was collected at the same time through semistructured interviews. Survival analyses were conducted using an inverse probability weighted Cox proportional hazards model, using a propensity score based on age, staging, surgery, chemotherapy, and center size.Serum assessment of tamoxifen identified 16.0% of patients (n = 188) below the set adherence threshold. Patient-reported rate of nonadherence was lower (12.3%). Of 188 patients who did not adhere to the tamoxifen prescription, 55% self-reported adherence to tamoxifen. After a median follow-up of 24.2 months since tamoxifen serum assessment, patients who were biochemically nonadherent had significantly shorter DDFS (for distant recurrence or death, adjusted hazard ratio, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.05 to 5.06; P = .036), with 89.5% of patients alive without distant recurrence at 3 years in the nonadherent cohort versus 95.4% in the adherent cohort.Therapeutic drug monitoring may be a useful method to promptly identify patients who do not take adjuvant tamoxifen as prescribed and are at risk for poorer outcomes. Targeted interventions facilitating patient adherence are needed and have the potential to improve short-term breast cancer outcomes.
Methods for Adventitious Respiratory Sound Analyzing Applications Based on Smartphones: A Survey
Authors: Seyed Amir Hossein Tabatabaei, Patrick Fischer, Henning Schneider, Ulrich Koehler, Volker Gross, Keywan Sohrabi
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2020)

Detection and classification of adventitious acoustic lung sounds plays an important role in diagnosing, monitoring, controlling and, caring the patients with lung diseases. Such systems can be presented as different platforms like medical devices, standalone software or smartphone application. Ubiquity of smartphones and widespread use of the corresponding applications make such a device an attractive platform for hosting the detection and classification systems for adventitious lung sounds. In this paper, the smartphone-based systems for automatic detection and classification of the adventitious lung sounds are surveyed. Such adventitious sounds include cough, wheeze, crackle and, snore. Relevant sounds related to abnormal respiratory activities are considered as well. The methods are shortly described and the analyzing algorithms are explained. The analysis includes detection and/or classification of the sound events. A summary of the main surveyed methods together with the classification parameters and used features for the sake of comparison is given. Existing challenges, open issues and future trends will be discussed as well.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia management in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Campus CLL report
Authors: Antonio Cuneo, Lydia Scarfò, Gianluigi Reda, Marzia Varettoni, Francesca Maria Quaglia, Monia Marchetti, Lorenzo De Paoli, Francesca Re, Daniela Pietrasanta, Gian Matteo Rigolin, Lorella Orsucci, Adalberto Ibatici, Valter Gattei, Francesca R. Mauro, Livio Trentin, Luca Laurenti, Roberto Marasca, Robin Foà
Journal: Blood (2020)
Abstract IA17: Comprehensive genomic profiling of cell-free DNA enables treatment response monitoring
Authors: Viktor Adalsteinsson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Liquid biopsies have advanced significantly over the past decade but are still not routinely used to guide patient care. Part of the reason is that prospective clinical trials will be needed to demonstrate clinical utility, but detection sensitivity also needs to improve. For instance, liquid biopsies are not yet capable of discerning which patients need surgery after neoadjuvant treatment or which patients need adjuvant treatment right after surgery. They are also not yet sensitive enough to determine whether it is safe to stop therapy, as BCR-ABL testing has shown for patients with CML. We reason that 1,000-fold higher detection sensitivity (10−6) will be required to provide sufficient dynamic range to guide treatment decisions in most patients. One way to improve detection sensitivity is to track more mutations per patient. This is because when tumor fraction is low in the bloodstream, only some mutations will be drawn in a blood tube, and the sampling of mutations will be random. Yet, each patient’s cancer is unique, with mutations scattered throughout the genome, and existing technologies are not well suited for tracking large numbers of distinct mutations. Conventional sequencing has an error rate of 10−3 and methods that repeatedly sequence each fragment, or model noise in normal samples, can achieve 10−4 to 10−5 but are not robust to spontaneous errors. Duplex sequencing is the most accurate method for mutation detection (10−6) but requires extremely deep sequencing to form a consensus of sense strands of each cfDNA duplex, which makes it highly inefficient and costly. In my talk, I will first describe our team’s efforts to thoroughly optimize duplex sequencing for accurate tracking of large mutation fingerprints. I will show that detection limits up to 100-fold better than ddPCR can be achieved in serial dilution series, and that this enables treatment response monitoring in patients treated for early-stage breast cancer. I will then describe a new method to improve the efficiency of duplex sequencing using mutation enrichment. I will show that it is possible to track tens of thousands of distinct mutations in cfDNA using up to 1000-fold less sequencing, and that this enables 1000-fold better detection limit than ddPCR. In all, we believe that the improved dynamic range, afforded by the higher accuracy and efficiency in cfDNA sequencing, could make treatment response monitoring feasible for more cancer patients. Citation Format: Viktor Adalsteinsson. Comprehensive genomic profiling of cell-free DNA enables treatment response monitoring [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Liquid Biopsies; Jan 13-16, 2020; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(11_Suppl):Abstract nr IA17.
Deciphering the Clonal Origin of Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children
Authors: Seishi Ogawa
Journal: Blood Cancer Discovery (2020)

Abstract Summary: In this issue of Blood Cancer Discovery, Waanders and colleagues characterize somatic alterations in a large cohort of relapsed pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This comprehensive genomic analysis reveals mutations distinctly associated with primary disease versus response to therapy. In the reconstructed clonal evolution scenarios, relapsed leukemic cells propagate from clones already expanded at diagnosis and rarely from unexpanded dormant ancestral clones. The information gleaned through subclonal mutation analysis at diagnosis may help to estimate relapse risk and select therapeutic options with minimal relapse potential. High prevalence of hypermutation patterns among repeatedly relapsing ALL cases suggests that activating antitumor immunity has a potential to benefit this group of patients. See related article by Waanders et al., p. 96.
Intergenerational Associations of Parental Mental Illness and Child Health
Authors: John V. Campo, Cynthia A. Fontanella, Jeffrey A. Bridge
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
<scp>Sacubitril/valsartan</scp> in patients <scp>post‐left</scp> ventricular assist device implant: a <scp>single‐centre</scp> case series
Authors: Varinder K. Randhawa, Lucianne West, Jacob Luthman, Jerry D. Estep, Edward G. Soltesz, Randall C. Starling
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2020)
Decreased circulating vitamin D reflects adverse outcomes of hepatitis C virus infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wanvisa Udomsinprasert, Jiraphun Jittikoon, Sorraya Sukkho, Nicha Pojarassangkul, Sermsiri Sangroongruangsri, Usa Chaikledkaew
Journal: Journal of Infection (2020)
Chlorella protects against induced-breast cancer in rats
Authors: Amr Amin, Alaa hamza
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

5474  Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Despite their undeniable advancements, conventional therapies are still associated with serious side effects. In the recent years cancer control has exceedingly benefited from the potential that resides in alternative therapies. There is thus an increasing demand to utilize alternative concepts or approaches to the prevention of cancer. The chemopreventive effects of Chlorella sp. on the development and growth of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumors were examined. Female rats were administered Chlorella at age 35 d. At age 50 d they were administered DMBA in sesame oil at 90 mg/kg body weight. They were weighed and monitored weekly for tumor development until 150 d after DMBA administration. Oral Chlorella administration of (500mg and 1000mg/kg.b.wt) produced striking reductions in the incidence, multiplicity, and volume of breast tumors relative to the control group. In the present study Chlorella showed a suppressive effect on the progression of DMBA-induced mammary tumors as well as on the levels of selected antioxidant markers. The antioxidant and pro-apoptotic properties of Chlorella may contribute to its protective effects.
Biofilm-inspired adhesive and antibacterial hydrogel with tough tissue integration performance for sealing hemostasis and wound healing
Authors: Wei Han, Bo Zhou, Kai Yang, Xin Xiong, Shifang Luan, Yu Wang, Zheng Xu, Peng Lei, Zhengshan Luo, Jian Gao, Yijing Zhan, Guopu Chen, Lei Liang, Rui Wang, Sha Li, Hong Xu
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2020)

Uncontrolled bleeding and infection can cause significant increases in mortalities. Hydrogel sealants have attracted extensive attention for their ability to control bleeding. However, because interfacial water is a formidable barrier to strong surface bonding, a challenge remains in finding a product that offers robust tissue adhesion combined with anti-infection properties. Inspired by the strong adhesive mechanism of biofilm and mussels, we report a novel dual bionic adhesive hydrogel (DBAH) based on chitosan grafted with methacrylate (CS-MA), dopamine (DA), and N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide (NMA) via a facile radical polymerization process. CS-MA and DA were simultaneously included in the adhesive polymer for imitating the two key adhesive components: polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) of staphylococci biofilm and 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (Dopa) of mussel foot protein, respectively. DBAH presented strong adhesion at 34 kPa even upon three cycles of full immersion in water and was able to withstand up to 168 mm Hg blood pressure, which is significantly higher than the 60-160 mm Hg measured in most clinical settings. Most importantly, these hydrogels presented outstanding hemostatic capability under wet and dynamic in vivo movements while displaying excellent antibacterial properties and biocompatibility. Therefore, DBAH represents a promising class of biomaterials for high-efficiency hemostasis and wound healing.
Survival After Mediastinal Node Dissection, Systematic Sampling, or Neither for Early Stage NSCLC
Authors: Meredith A. Ray, Matthew P. Smeltzer, Nicholas R. Faris, Raymond U. Osarogiagbon
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2020)

IntroductionThe American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0030 found no survival difference between patients with early stage NSCLC who had mediastinal nodal dissection or systematic sampling. However, a meta-analysis of 1980 patients in five randomized controlled trials from 1989 to 2007 associated better survival with nodal dissection. We tested the survival impact of the extent of nodal dissection in curative-intent resections for early stage NSCLC in a population-based observational cohort.MethodsResections for clinical T1 or T2, N0 or nonhilar N1, M0 NSCLC in four contiguous United States Hospital Referral Regions from 2009 to 2019 were categorized into mediastinal nodal dissection, systematic sampling, and "neither" on the basis of of the evaluation of lymph node stations. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics, perioperative complication rates, and survival after assessing statistical interactions and confounding.ResultsOf the 1942 eligible patients, 18% had nodal dissection, 6% had systematic sampling, and 75% had an intraoperative nodal evaluation that met neither standard. In teaching hospitals, nodal dissection was associated with a lower hazard of death than "neither" resections (0.57 [95% confidence interval: 0.41–0.79]) but not systematic sampling (0.74 [0.40–1.37]) after adjusting for multiple comparisons. There was no significant difference in hazard ratios at nonteaching institutions (p > 0.3 for all comparisons). Perioperative complication rates were not significantly worse after mediastinal nodal dissection or systematic sampling, compared with "neither," (p > 0.1 for all comparisons).ConclusionsIn teaching institutions, mediastinal nodal dissection was associated with superior survival over less-comprehensive pathologic nodal staging. There was no survival difference between teaching and nonteaching institutions, a finding that warrants further investigation.