tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patient Experiences With Oral Chemotherapy: Adherence, Symptoms, and Quality of Life
Authors: Jamie M. Jacobs, Molly E. Ream, Nicole Pensak, Lauren E. Nisotel, Joel N. Fishbein, James J. MacDonald, Joanne Buzaglo, Inga T. Lennes, Steven A. Safren, William F. Pirl, Jennifer S. Temel, Joseph A. Greer
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2019)

Oral therapies are increasingly common in oncology care. However, data are lacking regarding the physical and psychologic symptoms patients experience, or how these factors relate to medication adherence and quality of life (QoL).From December 2014 through August 2016, a total of 181 adult patients who were prescribed oral targeted therapy or chemotherapy enrolled in a randomized study of adherence and symptom management at Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center. Patients completed baseline assessments of adherence with electronic pill cap, QoL, symptom severity, mood, social support, fatigue, and satisfaction with clinicians and treatment. Relationships among these factors were examined using Pearson product-moment correlations and multivariable linear regression.At baseline, the mean electronic pill cap adherence rate showed that patients took 85.57% of their oral therapy. The most commonly reported cancer-related symptoms were fatigue (88.60%), drowsiness (76.50%), disturbed sleep (68.20%), memory problems (63.10%), and emotional distress (60.80%). Patients who reported greater cancer-related symptom severity had lower adherence (r= -0.20). In a multivariable regression, greater depressive and anxiety symptoms, worse fatigue, less social support, lower satisfaction with clinicians and treatment, and higher symptom burden were associated with worse QoL (F[10, 146]=50.53; adjusted R2=0.77). Anxiety symptoms were most strongly associated with clinically meaningful decrements in QoL (β= -7.10; SE=0.22).Patients prescribed oral therapies struggle with adherence, and cancer-related symptom burden is high and related to worse adherence and QoL. Given perceptions that oral therapies are less impairing, these data underscore the strong need to address adherence issues, symptom burden, and QoL for these patients.
Abstract 17439: Paradoxical Exercise-Induced Constriction of Skeletal Muscle Microvessels in Patients With Becker Muscular Dystrophy Lacking Sarcolemmal nNOS
Authors: Matthew Hakimi, Brent Hsu, Jonathan Lindner, Ronald Victor
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: In mouse models of Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) lacking sarcolemmal neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), exercise paradoxically induces spasm of skeletal muscle micro...
Combined impact of healthy lifestyle factors on risk of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in school children: ISAAC phase III
Authors: Eva Morales, David Strachan, Innes Asher, Philippa Ellwood, Neil Pearce, Luis Garcia-Marcos
Journal: Thorax (2019)

Background Asthma is not the key focus of prevention strategies. A Healthy Lifestyle Index (HLI) was developed to examine the combined effect of modifiable lifestyle factors on asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema using data from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) phase III. Methods Information on symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, eczema and several lifestyle factors was obtained from children aged 6–7 years through written questionnaires. The HLI combined five lifestyle factors: no parental smoking, child’s adherence to Mediterranean diet, child’s healthy body mass index, high physical activity and non-sedentary behaviour. The association between the HLI and risk of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema was evaluated using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models. Findings Data of 70 795 children from 37 centres in 19 countries were analysed. Each additional healthy lifestyle factor was associated with a reduced risk of current wheeze (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.89), asthma ever (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.92), current symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.97) and current symptoms of eczema (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.98). Theoretically, if associations were causal, a combination of four or five healthy lifestyle factors would result into a reduction up to 16% of asthma cases (ranging from 2.7% to 26.3 % according to region of the world). Conclusions These findings should be interpreted with caution given the limitations to infer causality from cross-sectional observational data. Efficacy of interventions to improve multiple modifiable lifestyle factors to reduce the burden asthma and allergy in childhood should be assessed.
Impact of Exercise Rehabilitation on Exercise Capacity and Quality-of-Life in Heart Failure
Authors: Rod S. Taylor, Sarah Walker, Neil A. Smart, Massimo F. Piepoli, Fiona C. Warren, Oriana Ciani, David Whellan, Christopher O’Connor, Steven J. Keteyian, Andrew Coats, Constantinos H. Davos, Hasnain M. Dalal, Kathleen Dracup, Lorraine S. Evangelista, Kate Jolly, Jonathan Myers, Birgitta B. Nilsson, Claudio Passino, Miles D. Witham, Gloria Y. Yeh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Randomized Trial of Two Dosages of Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin in Patients with Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Atsushi Narita, Xiaofan Zhu, Hideki Muramatsu, Xiaojuan Chen, Ye Guo, Wenyu Yang, Jingliao Zhang, Fang Liu, Jun Ho Jang, Hoon Kook, Hawk Kim, Kensuke Usuki, Hirohito Yamazaki, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, Shinji Nakao, Jong-Wook Lee, Seiji Kojima
Journal: Blood (2018)
Abstract 11839: Comparisons of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Between Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction and Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Takamasa Sato, Yuki Kanno, Akiomi Yoshihisa, Yasuchika Takeishi
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: Parameters derived from cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) are important prognostic markers, especially peak oxygen consumption (VO 2 ), the minute ventilation carbon dioxide production slope (VE/VCO 2 slope), exertional oscillatory ventilation (EOV) and oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) in chronic heart failure (CHF). However, the significance of these parameters has not been examined in terms of left ventricular ejection fraction (EF). We aimed to compare the impacts of these exercise parameters on clinical outcomes between CHF patients with reduced EF (HFrEF) and preserved EF (HFpEF). Methods: We analyzed 1190 patients (969 males, mean age 61.0 years) with CHF who admitted to our hospital and performed CPET. We divided subjects into two groups: HFrEF (LVEF&lt;45%, n=655) and HFpEF (LVEF≥45%, n=535). We compared the independent factors to predict adverse composite cardiac events (cardiac deaths and rehospitalization due to worsening heart failure), cardiac deaths and all-cause deaths between HFrHF and HFpEF. Results: In the follow-up period (mean 1155 days), 407 adverse cardiac events (rehospitalization due to worsening heart failure and cardiac deaths), 172 cardiac deaths and 247 all-cause deaths were occurred. Kaplan-Meier analyses demonstrated that composite cardiac event rates, cardiac and all-cause mortalities were significantly higher in HFrEF than in HFpEF (P&lt;0.001, respectively). In Cox proportional hazard multivariate analyses, independent predictors of composite adverse events were peak VO 2 , VE/VCO 2 slope and OUES in HFrEF (P&lt;0.001, P&lt;0.001 and P=0.001, respectively), those of cardiac deaths were peak VO 2 , OUES and VE/VO 2 slope (P=0.002, P=0.005 and P=0.008, respectively), and those of all-cause deaths were peak VO 2 , OUES and VE/VCO 2 slope (P=0.001 and P=0.023 and P=0.041, respectively) in HFrEF. On the other hands, the independent predictors of composite adverse events were peak VO2 and VE/VCO2 slope (P&lt;0.001 and P=0.041), and those of cardiac deaths and all cause deaths were peak VO 2 in HFpEF (P&lt;0.001 and P=0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Impacts of these parameters were different between HFrEF and HFpEF based on several clinical outcomes.
QIM19-145: Overcoming a Barrier to Exercise With the James Exercise Program Quality Initiative With Surgical Oncology Nursing
Authors: Cari Utendorf, Tiffany Stump, Sara Wolfe, Lynne Brophy, Jennie Gerardi, Karen Hock
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2019)

Background: Research has consistently demonstrated the benefits of exercise in the oncology patient (Blaney et al, Psychooncology 2013; Garcia and Thomson, Nutr Clin Pract 2014; Rock et al, CA Cancer J Clin 2012). Despite the benefits of exercise for cancer survivors, only 20%–30% of them will be active after cancer treatment (Rock et al, CA Cancer J Clin 2012). The known barriers to exercise in oncology are lack of patient education, lack of knowledge, fatigue, decreased motivation, and comorbidities (Blaney et al, Psychooncology 2013). Objectives: This quality initiative program between oncology rehabilitation physical therapy department and surgical oncology nursing aims to improve the quality of care provided to our patients by reducing the barriers to exercise. One main barrier for the patients is their lack of knowledge of how to begin an exercise program. This is overcome by prescribing physical therapy and designing an individualized exercise program that can be performed in their home. Secondary objectives are to determine a change in fatigue, compliance, and/or any barriers after physical therapy. Methods: Patients are identified by the breast surgical oncology team, and a referral for physical therapy is placed. A comprehensive evaluation is completed, including: past exercise preferences, 2-minute walk test, a fatigue questionnaire, and a 30-second sit to stand test, with these same outcome measures obtained at discharge. The James Exercise Program is provided via 4 1-hour sessions. A nurse from surgical oncology calls the patient, administers the fatigue questionnaire, and determines any barriers to exercise that the patient is facing at the 8- and 12-week mark. Results: The preliminary results of the program demonstrate compliance with exercise, reduction in fatigue, improvement in endurance and strength. Conclusion: This innovative quality initiative between physical therapy and surgical oncology nursing has benefitted our patients. We leverage the expertise of the physical therapists to provide personalized exercise regimens and the professional clearance/recommendation for physical therapy from oncology team, to minimize barriers to exercise in the oncology population. Limitations to this program are that some participants fail to arrive at the initial session, lack of support and resources in the participants hometown to allow adherence to the exercise program (despite all efforts to encourage the fact that the program can be completed in their own home), and the low number of participants.
Abstract 12960: Outcomes With Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair Using MitraClip® in Patients With Impaired Left Ventricular Systolic Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ahmed Zaghloul, Corina Iorgoveanu, Ahmed Elkaryoni, Ossama Elsaid, Michael Megaly, Marwan Saad
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) is a novel treatment option for patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) who are at high risk for surgery. While left ventricular (LV) s...
EPR19-072: Breast Cancer Laterality and Immunohistochemical Characteristics
Authors: Tarek Safi, Pascale Salameh, Lea Aoude, Mirna Waked, Bassim Kobrossy
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2019)

Background: Differences between left and right breast cancer have been investigated in the past in terms of incidence; it is higher on the left side than on the right. This difference has ranged from 2% to 5%. However, there are no publications looking at differences in immunohistochemical characteristics between left and right sided breast cancer. This study aims to assess the incidence and age distribution as well as the following immunohistochemical characteristics: estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and epidermal growth factor 2 (HER-2). We compared the age distribution to U.S. population as well as other Arab populations. In addition we compared these and other characteristics with respect to the laterality of the breast cancer. Methods: In this pilot retrospective descriptive study, data was collected anonymously on 300 patients who presented to the Saint George Hospital University Medical Center in Beirut. They were extracted from the inpatient files with a diagnosis of breast cancer in order of presentation from 2012 until the total number of files was reached. The measured parameters included the sex of the patient, the age at diagnosis, breast cancer laterality and stage, the need for surgical treatment, and ER status, PR status, and HER-2 status as shown on the official biopsy results of the cases studied. Results: HER-2, PR-, and ER-positive receptors were found to be more frequent by 4%, 9%, and 1% on the left side as compared with the right side, respectively. These numerical differences, however, were not statistically significant. Moreover, our data analysis shows that the Lebanese population distribution of breast cancer is skewed towards a younger age when compared to the U.S., with a median age of diagnosis of 53 and 62, respectively. Finally, in term of incidence, there was a 12% increase in incidence of left side breast cancer over the right side but this value did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: This is the first study to show the relationship between hormonal receptors and laterality of breast cancer. We concluded that there is a trend towards statistically significant differences between laterality immunohistochemical characteristics. Epidemiological relationships between the Lebanese population, the Arab population, and the U.S. population were discussed. Further researches on larger population may be needed to show some of the trends presented in this article to be statistically significant.
Quantifying the Treatment Effect of Drug-Eluting Stents Optimized for Biocompatibility vs Bare-Metal Stents With a Single Month of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy—Reply
Authors: Rahman Shah, Sunil V. Rao, David E. Kandzari
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2019)

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Inadvertent Paralog Inclusion Drives Artifactual Topologies and Timetree Estimates in Phylogenomics
Authors: Karen Siu-Ting, María Torres-Sánchez, Diego San Mauro, David Wilcockson, Mark Wilkinson, Davide Pisani, Mary J O’Connell, Christopher J Creevey
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2019)

Increasingly, large phylogenomic data sets include transcriptomic data from nonmodel organisms. This not only has allowed controversial and unexplored evolutionary relationships in the tree of life to be addressed but also increases the risk of inadvertent inclusion of paralogs in the analysis. Although this may be expected to result in decreased phylogenetic support, it is not clear if it could also drive highly supported artifactual relationships. Many groups, including the hyperdiverse Lissamphibia, are especially susceptible to these issues due to ancient gene duplication events and small numbers of sequenced genomes and because transcriptomes are increasingly applied to resolve historically conflicting taxonomic hypotheses. We tested the potential impact of paralog inclusion on the topologies and timetree estimates of the Lissamphibia using published and de novo sequencing data including 18 amphibian species, from which 2,656 single-copy gene families were identified. A novel paralog filtering approach resulted in four differently curated data sets, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions using Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood, and quartet-based supertrees. We found that paralogs drive strongly supported conflicting hypotheses within the Lissamphibia (Batrachia and Procera) and older divergence time estimates even within groups where no variation in topology was observed. All investigated methods, except Bayesian inference with the CAT-GTR model, were found to be sensitive to paralogs, but with filtering convergence to the same answer (Batrachia) was observed. This is the first large-scale study to address the impact of orthology selection using transcriptomic data and emphasizes the importance of quality over quantity particularly for understanding relationships of poorly sampled taxa.
The Racoon Eye Sign in the Investigation of Dementia Using 18F-Florbetaben
Authors: Katherine Ordidge, Nemi Gandy, Mubarik Arshad, Zarni Win
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Differentiating Alzheimer disease (AD) from other forms of cognitive impairment and from normal aging can be challenging. As a consequence, the diagnosis of AD can be delayed, often occurring too late for meaningful intervention. The role of β-amyloid plaques in the pathogenesis of AD provides a target for highly sensitive and specific image quantification of amyloid plaque burden using β-amyloid PET (F-florbetaben). Here we present the case of a 77-year-old woman with increasing memory impairment and striking white matter changes on MRI, with the "racoon eye" sign on F-florebetaben PET imaging.
Impaired Heart Rate Recovery and Chronotropic Incompetence in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Thanh T. Phan, Ganesh Nallur Shivu, Khalid Abozguia, Claires Louise Davies, Mohammad Nassimizadeh, Donie Jimenez, Rebekah Weaver, Irfan Ahmed, Michael Frenneaux
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— This study assessed the chronotropic response to exercise and heart rate (HR) recovery after exercise in a carefully phenotyped group of patients with heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HfpEF) and a control group of similar age and gender distribution.

Methods and Results— We studied 41 patients with HfpEF, 41 healthy controls, and 16 hypertensive controls. None were taking HR-limiting medications. All study participants had clinical examination, 12-lead ECG, pulmonary function test, echocardiogram, and metabolic exercise test with HR monitoring throughout exercise. Chronotropic response was measured by the percentage of the HR reserve used during maximal exercise and the peak exercise HR as a percentage of predicted maximal HR. Patients with HfpEF were generally women (70%), overweight, aged 69±8 years. Controls were of similar gender (63%) and age (67±6 years). Patients with HfpEF had significantly reduced peak VO2 compared with controls (20±4 mL · kg−1 · min−1 versus 31±6 mL · kg−1 · min−1, P <0.001) and greater minute ventilation-carbon dioxide production relationship (Ve/Vco2 slope) (33±6 versus 29±4, P <0.001). Chronotropic incompetence was significantly more common in patients with HfpEF compared with matched healthy controls as measured by the percentage of the HR reserve used during maximal exercise (63% versus 2%, <0.001) and percentage of predicted maximal HR (34% versus 2%, <0.001). In addition, abnormal HR recovery 1-minute after exercise (defined as the reduction in the HR from peak exercise 1-minute after exercise) was also significantly more common in patients with HfpEF compared with controls (23% versus 2%, P =0.01). Hypertensive controls showed similar chronotropic response to peak exercise and HR recovery after exercise as healthy controls.

Conclusions— Patients with HfpEF have impaired chronotropic incompetence during maximal exercise and abnormal HR recovery after exercise.

Received May 5, 2009; accepted August 21, 2009.
Diagnostic Pitfall: Parathyroid Carcinoma Expands the Spectrum of Calcitonin and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Expressing Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: Anjelica Hodgson, Sara Pakbaz, Farnoosh Tayyari, James Edward Massey Young, Ozgur Mete
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2019)
Effects of liraglutide plus phentermine in adults with obesity following 1 year of treatment by liraglutide alone: A randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial
Authors: Jena Shaw Tronieri, Thomas A. Wadden, Olivia A. Walsh, Robert I. Berkowitz, Naji Alamuddin, Kathryn Gruber, Sharon Leonard, Ariana M. Chao
Journal: Metabolism (2019)
Post-transplant donor specific antibody is associated with poor kidney transplant outcomes only when combined with both T-cell–mediated rejection and non-adherence
Authors: Aravind Cherukuri, Rajil Mehta, Akhil Sharma, Puneet Sood, Adriana Zeevi, Amit D. Tevar, David M. Rothstein, Sundaram Hariharan
Journal: Kidney International (2019)
Abstract P169: Health Literacy and Outcomes in Heart Failure: a Prospective Community Study
Authors: Matteo Fabbri, Kathleen Yost, Lila Finney Rutten, Sheila Manemann, Susan Weston, Ruoxiang Jiang, Veronique L Roger
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Growing evidence documents the association between low health literacy and poorer health outcomes. However, less is known about the relationship between health literacy and outcomes among patients with heart failure (HF). We examined the association of health literacy with risk of hospitalization and mortality in patients with HF. Methods: Residents in an 11-county region in southeastern Minnesota with incident HF from 1/01/2013 to 3/31/2015 were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code 428 (n=3715) and prospectively surveyed to measure health literacy using established screening questions. A total of 1992 patients returned a survey (response rate 54%); 1779 patients with complete clinical data and adequate follow up were retained for analysis. Health literacy, measured as a composite on three 5-point scales, was categorized as adequate (≤ 10) or low (&gt; 10). Cox proportional hazards regression and Andersen-Gill models were used to determine the association of health literacy with mortality and hospitalization. Results: Among 1779 patients (mean age 74, 53% male), 10% had low health literacy. After a mean follow-up of 8±4 months, 72 deaths and 600 hospitalizations occurred. Low health literacy was associated with increased mortality and hospitalizations (Figure). After adjusting for age, sex, comorbidity, education and marital status, the hazard ratio for death and hospitalization in patients with low health literacy was 2.84 (95% CI: 1.63, 4.96) and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.96) respectively, compared to patients with adequate health literacy. Conclusions: Low health literacy is associated with increased risk of hospitalization and death among patients with HF. Health literacy is critical to the self-management demands of living with heart failure. Evaluation of health literacy in the clinical setting may guide inventions to target patients with low literacy.