tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Suicide in cancer patients: An epidemiology study.
Authors: John L. Villano, Jaclyn Nee, Ann L Coker, Vaibhav Goswami, Miranda L Hatfield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e20582 Background: Suicide risk among cancer patients is estimated to be twice the general U.S. population, however, there has been limited large-scale population based investigations. Our goal is to investigate the patterns of cases and classify risk factors in hopes to inform practices. Methods: We analyzed the incidence of completed suicide using the Kentucky Cancer Registry (KCR). Since 1995, KCR has collected data on ~21,000 new primary cases of cancer in KY each year, and in 2000 became a SEER registry. Cases of suicide were based on a cancer diagnosis from 1/1/2000 -12/31/2012. Results: There were 376 suicides as a cause of death and having a cancer diagnosis. The age range was 20-91, mean age 65. Significant majority were male 329 (87.5%) and white 371 (98.7%). Most had insurance with private (30.8%), Medicare (53.9%), or Medicaid (4.1%) with only 11.2% not having or not knowing the insurance status. A slight majority were married, 51.7%. Never married single, divorce, and widowed made-up 34.2%, with 14.1% of cases unknown. Majority ended their lives with a firearm (86.8%) versus self-poisoning (8.3%). 12.4% had verified stage IV disease, with 67.0% having stage 0-III and 20.6% having unknown staging. 22.8% of cases had cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract. 19.2% cases were prostate cancer, 13.1% colo-rectal, and 7.0% bladder. See table below for treatment received. Conclusions: Our study is the largest population study to date of suicide in cancer patients. As expected majority were male and had a violent suicide. Notably, most had insurance and received treatment with a curable stage of disease. Cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract were not overly represented. Further characterization by cox regression analysis for suicide including living in a metropolitan area, living in a county with a lower proportion of families earning below the poverty line, and smoking status will be presented in full. Treatment Composite (First) Count % No Definitive Rx 82 19.9 Surgery Only 159 38.59 Surgery+Chemo. or Surg.+Radiation 36 8.74 Surgery+Chemo.+Radiation 19 4.61 Chemo. Only 20 4.85 Radiation Only 28 6.8 Chemo.+Radiation 28 6.8 Other Only 13 3.16 Surg.+Other or Radiation+Other 18 4.37 Total 412 100
THU-217-Low risk of HBV reactivation in a large European cohort of HBV/ HCV coinfected patients treated with DAA
Authors: Jerzy Jaroszewicz, Maciej Piasecki, Beata Lorenc, Iwona Buczyńska, Simon Krzysztof, Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk, Dorota Dybowska, Waldemar Halota, Małgorzata Pawłowska, Aleksander Garlicki, Teresa Belica-Wdowik, Ewa Janczewska, Beata Dobracka, Magdalena Tudrujek, Krzysztof Tomasiewicz, Hanna Berak, Włodzimierz Mazur, Tronina Olga, Klapaczynski Jakub, Rafal Krygier, Agnieszka Czauż-Andrzejuk, Jolanta Citko, Łukasz Socha, Anna Piekarska, Deron Zbigniew, Jolanta Bialkowska-Warzecha, Robert Flisiak
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
A study of immune phenotype and function comparing non-immunosuppressed Merkel cell cancer patients with an age-appropriate control group: Is there a "Merkel phenotype?
Authors: Lalit Pallan, Neil Matthew Steven, Jane Birtwistle, Andrew Hislop
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e20095 Background: Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV), a seroprevalent but usually asymptomatic viral infection, was recently found to be a causative factor in Merkel cell cancer (MCC), an aggressive form of skin cancer. MCC is associated with immunosuppression and increasing age. These risk factors suggest a loss of anti-viral immunity may contribute to cancer development. The majority of MCC patients have no recognised immune dysfunction. This project aims to compare immune phenotype and function in MCC patients with a control group to assess whether there are any underlying differences. Methods: 21 patients (mean age 75 (53-85), 76% MCV+) with active or past history of MCC and 25 patients (mean age 73 (48-87), 43% MCV+) with active or past history of non-melanoma skin cancer were recruited. Peripheral blood was obtained, with informed consent, and assessed in a variety of immune characterisation and functional assays. T-tests (corrected by Holm-Sidak) are used unless stated. Results: Lymphocyte proliferation was significantly reduced in the MCC group (572 fold v 314 fold increase post antigenic stimulation, p = 0.02). In MCC patients, reduced proliferation was profound in active disease. Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) was increased in MCC patients compared with control (4.7 v 1.9, p = 0.012) and this appeared to correlate with disease stage. There was a trend towards reduced lymphocyte count (1.8x109/L v 1.3x109/L, p = 0.05) and a significant reduction in B cell number in the MCC cohort (0.1x109/L v 0.2x109/L, p = 0.001). Total IgGAM levels were not different between the cohorts. Assessing functional antibody responses to a variety of pathogens, MCC patients had a significantly lower prevalence of anti-pneumococcal antibodies compared to controls (47% MCC v 94% control patients having responses to > 3 antigens, p = 0.007, Fishers Exact Test). Conclusions: Although there are differences in immune characteristics between the cohorts, any clinical relevance is unclear. Reduced lymphocyte proliferation and raised NLR in MCC patients with active disease suggests that immunosuppression may be a consequence of MCC rather than its cause.
Abstract 17156: No Major Change in Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Goal Attainment in the United States From 2003 to 2012: A Time-sensitivity Analysis Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data
Authors: Peter P Toth, Michael K Palmer, Karin M Henriksson
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Although use of lipid-lowering therapies (LLT) for treatment of dyslipidemia is increasing, there is little evidence that this has increased the percentage of patients achieving LDL-C goals of &lt;100 mg/dL, &lt;130 mg/dL, and &lt;160 mg/dL for adults at high, intermediate, and low CHD risk, respectively (based on NCEP ATP III). We used reported LDL-C levels in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to estimate proportion of the US adult population meeting LDL-C goals as a function of time (2003-2012). Methods: Coronary heart disease risk using NCEP ATP III criteria was assessed in adult participants in 2-yearly NHANES surveys from 2003-2004 to 2011-2012. The proportion of each risk group meeting LDL-C goals and the proportion receiving LLT were calculated. Results: Estimates for the US population were based on 11,256 observations from NHANES (2003-2012). No obvious change over time was observed in the distribution of risk, with 66%, 17%, and 17% of the population estimated to be at low, intermediate and high risk in 2003-2004 and 67%, 14%, and 19%, respectively, in 2011-2012. From 2003-2012, a statistically significant increase in the use of LLT was observed in low- (p&lt;0.0001) and high-risk (p=0.008) groups (Figure). Although there was an increase in proportion of patients in the intermediate- and high-risk categories achieving LDL-C goals between 2003-2004 and 2005-2006, there was no significant improvement in LDL-C goal attainment in low- (p=0.89), intermediate- (p=0.41) or high-risk (p=0.09) groups over the entire period (Figure). Conclusion: Despite increased use of LLT, we observed no trend for improvement in LDL-C goal attainment in adults in the US population. Approximately 69 million adults (33% of the population) are at high or intermediate CHD risk, and many are not at their LDL-C goal, highlighting the need for more aggressive identification and treatment of patients at risk, objectives articulated by the ACC/AHA guideline.
Psychosocial and financial impact on family of lung cancer patients: A cancer research center experience
Authors: S.K. Godara, S.K. Beniwal
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

Background: Caregivers play a critical role and most affected peoples in the oncology setting and having an understanding of this may assist health care professionals in supporting them with these tasks, and targeting services towards those most in need. Cancer is one of the most common health conditions to receive informal caregiving, with the majority of caregivers reporting taking on this role because of family responsibility and there being little choice or no one else to provide the care. Methods: Our article aims to provide an overview of the issues faced by caregivers of 340 people diagnosed with advanced stage lung cancer, with a particular emphasis on the psychosocial and economic impact of caring. Results: The caregiver participants ranged in age from 18 to 90 years (mean age 55 years), and most (69.11%) were women. The majority (66%) were spouses, and others were offspring (17%), siblings (7%), parents (4%), or friends (3%). The types of support included was emotional, instrumental (eg. information obtaining medical services), tangible (eg. household chores) and medical (eg. administering medication). The physical problems included were fatigue, sleep disturbances, loss of weight and appetite. Self reported measures of psychological morbidity (usually anxiety or depression) suggested 20 to 30% clinically significant distress. Almost 65% reported difficulty in managing social or leisure activities. Between 14% and 30% stated a need for more financial help and 54% of caregivers of working age (<65 years) had difficulties in managing their regular employment in the last months of terminal care to fulfill health costs including travel, hospital stays, drugs and supportive care. Since most of the Indian population is from a rural background, 36% patients ended up with a loss of follow-up. Conclusions: Having a better understanding of the critical and broad roles that caregivers play in the oncology setting and the impact of these on their health and well-being may assist health care professionals in supporting caregivers with these tasks and targeting services and interventions toward those most in need. Legal entity responsible for the study: The authors. Funding: Has not received any funding. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
PS-094-Selective activation of JAK-STATl-mediated apoptosis in hepatic stellate cells as a new therapeutic option for liver fibrosis: Role of rilpivirine
Authors: Alberto Martí-Rodrigo, Ángela B. Moragrega, Aleksandra Gruevska, Anabel Fernández-Iglesias, Jordi Gracia-Sancho, Juan V. Esplugues, Nadezda Apostolova, Ana Blas-García
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
Pharmacodynamic (PD) assessment using FLT-PET/CT imaging in patients treated with an interrupted high-dose axitinib schedule.
Authors: Ludimila Cavalcante, Matt Scarpelli, Lakeesha Carmichael, Jennifer Heideman, Scott Perlman, Robert Jeraj, Glenn Liu, Justine Yang Bruce
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

11105 Background: Axitinib (AX) is a potent inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) of VEGFR-1,2,3. We previously showed that exposure to AX resulted in a decrease in tumor proliferation and vascular parameters, and during acute AX withdrawal, a rebound flare (proliferative and vascular) was present during cycle 1 (C1). Here we evaluate the impact of AX dose on the rebound pharmacodynamics, as well as assess whether this flare persists in later cycles of therapy with AX using an intermittent therapy schedule. Methods: Pts with prostate cancer or other advanced solid malignancies were enrolled. In the safety cohort, AX was administered at 7 mg BID on a 2 week on, 1 week off schedule. In the PD cohort, static/dynamic FLT PET/CT scans were obtained at baseline, week 2 (on AX), and wk 3 (off AX) in C1, and repeated again in C3 (pre-day 1, wk 2, wk 3). Plasma VEGF and AX PK levels were obtained at each imaging timepoint. Results: 24 pts were enrolled (safety cohort n = 8, PD cohort n = 16). Pts in the safety cohort received AX starting at 7 mg BID. Three pts developed significant hypertension and thrombovascular events; hence it was not felt that this starting dose was appropriate. For the PD cohort, AX dose was administered at 5 mg BID. 14 pts had scans on C1, and 5 pts completed scans during C3. Similar changes in proliferation/vasculature parameters were seen in C1 as previously reported. Decreases in proliferation/vasculature parameters were also seen in C3 (on AX) with rebound flare present at wk 3. Conclusions: Although dose-escalation of AX (up to 10 mg BID) has been shown to be feasible in renal cell cancer, use of intermittent AX at a starting dose of 7 mg BID was not feasible in our non-RCC pt population. We confirm previous findings that AX exposure results in a decrease in proliferation/vasculature parameters and that acute AX withdrawal results in a tumor/vasculature flare. We show with ongoing intermittent AX therapy, a similar PD change was observed in pts during C3. This result supports a sequential strategy of using intermittent AX in combination with S-phase specific chemotherapy in order to exploit the tumor/vasculature rebound in order to improve the therapeutic index of the cytotoxic chemotherapy. Clinical trial information: NCT01540526.
Medical countermeasures during the 2018 Ebola virus disease outbreak in the North Kivu and Ituri Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a rapid genomic assessment
Authors: Placide Mbala-Kingebeni, Amuri Aziza, Nicholas Di Paola, Michael R Wiley, Sheila Makiala-Mandanda, Katie Caviness, Catherine B Pratt, Jason T Ladner, Jeffrey R Kugelman, Karla Prieto, Joseph A Chitty, Peter A Larson, Brett Beitzel, Ahidjo Ayouba, Nicole Vidal, Stomy Karhemere, Mamadou Diop, Moussa M Diagne, Martin Faye, Ousmane Faye, Aaron Aruna, Justus Nsio, Felix Mulangu, Daniel Mukadi, Patrick Mukadi, John Kombe, Anastasie Mulumba, Christian-Julian Villabona-Arenas, Elisabeth Pukuta, Jeanette Gonzalez, Maggie L Bartlett, Shanmuga Sozhamannan, Stephen M Gross, Gary P Schroth, Roger Tim, Junhua J Zhao, Jens H Kuhn, Boubacar Diallo, Michel Yao, Ibrahima S Fall, Bathe Ndjoloko, Mathias Mossoko, Audrey Lacroix, Eric Delaporte, Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart, Amadou A Sall, Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, Martine Peeters, Gustavo Palacios, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2019)
Compulsory Sterilization
Authors: Robert K. Nixon
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Angela R. Holder's conclusion (221: 229, 1972) that a decline in forced sterilization cases exists because "any system of compulsory sterilization is too near naziism to be acceptable in a democratic society" ignores present realities. At no time in American history has there been greater acceptance of the idea that human procreation must be regulated by coercive means. Many leaders of the movement for population control, for example, openly advocate mandatory sterilization, abortion, and birth control as part of their crash program for population stabilization. Simultaneously, a growing number of those concerned with genetic "quality" demand that individual rights be subordinated or destroyed for the good of society and the species. Meanwhile, the increasing minimization of the enormous complexities of the abortion issue to a morally and medically neutral therapeutic procedure, threatens to make abortions, as well as sterilization, innocu ous public health measures that could be forced on society if circumstan ces dictate. Moreover, as the public is conditioned to believe that these measures lack ethical ramifications, the day is hastened when they can be imposed without significant opposition.
SAT-235-Low HCV reinfection incidence following DAA treatment scale-up in people living with HIV in Australia
Authors: Samira Hosseini Hooshyar, Marianne Martinello, Jasmine Yee, Sofia Bartlett, Phillip Read, David Baker, Jeffrey Post, Robert Finlayson, Mark Bloch, Joseph Doyle, David Shaw, Margaret Hellard, Kathy Petoumenos, Pip Marks, Tanya Applegate, Gregory Dore, Gail Matthews
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
Incidental Uptake in Benign Gynecomastia on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT
Authors: Veska Pandika, Matthew F. Covington
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Abstract A 54-year-old man with mesenteric carcinoid tumor metastatic to the liver completed staging 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT demonstrating uptake in multiple hepatic lesions consistent with liver metastases with additional asymmetric increased uptake in the right greater than the left breast. Subsequent bilateral diagnostic mammogram revealed benign right greater than left gynecomastia without suspicious underlying mass. With Food and Drug Administration approval of 68 Ga-DOTATATE and the increased use of this analog in neuroendocrine tumor imaging, this case illustrates a relevant example of uptake that can potentially mimic malignancy.
FRI-427-Liver humanized mouse as models for human metabolic liver diseases
Authors: Stephen STROM, Raghuraman chittoor srinivasan, Mihaela Zabulica, Christina Hammarstedt, Tingting Wu, Roberto Gramignoli, Kristina kannisto, Ewa Ellis, ahmad karadagi, Johannes Häberle, Gabriella Allegri, Veronique Ruefenacht, Beat Thöny, ralph fingerhut, Jean-Marc Nuoffer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
Androgen receptor in breast cancer: A wolf in sheep’s clothing? A lesson from prostate cancer.
Authors: Samanta Salvi, Massimiliano Bonafè, Sara Bravaccini
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2019)

The possibility that a receptor for androgen is expressed in Breast Cancer (BC) is fascinating given that the tumor is predominantly estrogen-dependent. The androgen receptor (AR) is emerging as a new marker and a potential new therapeutic target in the treatment of BC patients. The recent availability of selective AR inhibitors (e.g. bicalutamide, enzalutamide, apalutamide) approved for the treatment of prostate cancer has opened up the possibility to use them in BC patients whose tumors express AR. However, AR appears to have various functions according to the BC subtype, e.g. ER-positive or triple negative BC and the patient prognosis is different on the basis of the presence or absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors. Moreover, a different AR expression was seen according to the various ethnicities. Of note, in population at low economical income, the availability of anti-AR compounds at low cost could open the possibility to treat AR-positive triple negative BC that are highly present in these populations. Up to now, AR detection is not routinely performed in BC. The standardization of AR detection methods could render AR an easily detectable marker in primary BC and metastatic samples. Nevertheless, the overall concordance of 60% of AR expression in primary tumor and metastasis implies that a clinician who need the AR value to give anti-AR therapy should have the data on both the tumor materials. Following the comprehensive studies on prostate cancer the possibility to test AR on liquid biopsies suggest the use of this biomarker for a real-time disease monitoring. Finally, considering the possibility to treat patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors there is the need to know the relation between microenvironment and AR in BC.
Prognostic Value of Deep Learning PET/CT-Based Radiomics: Potential Role for Future Individual Induction Chemotherapy in Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Hao Peng, Di Dong, Meng-Jie Fang, Lu Li, Ling-Long Tang, Lei Chen, Wen-Fei Li, Yan-Ping Mao, Wei Fan, Li-Zhi Liu, Li Tian, Ai-Hua Lin, Ying Sun, Jie Tian, Jun Ma
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2019)

We aimed to evaluate the value of deep learning on positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT)-based radiomics for individual induction chemotherapy (IC) in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).
FRI-122-Sarcopenia improves after sustained virologic response to DAAs in chronic hepatitis C patients with cirrhosis, but not in those who develop HCC
Authors: Colombatto Piero, Laura Crocetti, Riccardo Gattai, Gabriele Ricco, Antonio Salvati, Piercarlo Rossi, Barbara Coco, Filippo Oliveri, Veronica Romagnoli, Daniela Cavallone, Ferruccio Bonino, Davide Caramella, Maurizia Brunetto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
Extracellular vesicles-mediated intercellular communication: roles in the tumor microenvironment and anti-cancer drug resistance
Authors: Selma Maacha, Ajaz A. Bhat, Lizandra Jimenez, Afsheen Raza, Mohammad Haris, Shahab Uddin, Jean-Charles Grivel
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2019)

The tumor microenvironment represents a complex network, in which tumor cells not only communicate with each other but also with stromal and immune cells. Current research has demonstrated the vital role of the tumor microenvironment in supporting tumor phenotype via a sophisticated system of intercellular communication through direct cell-to-cell contact or by classical paracrine signaling loops of cytokines or growth factors. Recently, extracellular vesicles have emerged as an important mechanism of cellular interchange of bioactive molecules. Extracellular vesicles isolated from tumor and stromal cells have been implicated in various steps of tumor progression, such as proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. Inhibition of extracellular vesicles secretion, and thus of the transfer of oncogenic molecules, holds promise for preventing tumor growth and drug resistance. This review focuses on the role of extracellular vesicles in modulating the tumor microenvironment by addressing different aspects of the bidirectional interactions among tumor and tumor-associated cells. The contribution of extracellular vesicles to drug resistance will also be discussed as well as therapeutic strategies targeting extracellular vesicles production for the treatment of cancer.
Molecular analysis of RAS genes mutations in patients with cervical adenocarcinoma.
Authors: Alvaro Henrique Ingles Garces, Haynna Kimie Pimenta Inada, Paulo Mora, Michelle Torres, Fábio Marques de Almeida, Adhemar Longatto-Filho, Luisa Lina Villa, Marise Amaral Rebouças Moreira, Carlos G. M. Ferreira, Andreia Cristina De Melo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e22222 Background: Cervical cancer (CC) represents the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Currently, developing countries are responsible for 76-86% of the new cases and 52% of the mortality rate. There are two main types of CC: squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), that accounts for 80-90% of the cases and adenocarcinoma, which represents 10-20% of CC histologies. Adenocarcinoma has significantly lower survival rates compared with SCC stage to stage, with higher distant failure rates. EGFR and HER2 receptors are expressed by CC cells and when autofosforilated, activation of two signaling pathways is promoted: RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT. RAS is a central mediator in cellular signaling network. Approximately 30% of human cancers contain mutations in one of three members of the RAS gene family (KRAS - the most frequently mutated member, NRAS and HRAS). KRAS is activated by point mutations within