tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Electronic Screening With Personalized Feedback on Adolescent Health Risk Behaviors in a Primary Care Setting
Authors: Laura P. Richardson, Chuan Zhou, Elon Gersh, Heather Spielvogle, James A. Taylor, Carolyn A. McCarty
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

<h3>Importance</h3> Health risk behaviors are a leading cause of morbidity during adolescence. Screening and counseling for health risk behaviors are recommended but infrequently performed. <h3>Objective</h3> To test the effect of an electronic screening and feedback tool on clinician counseling and adolescent-reported health risk behaviors. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A randomized clinical trial compared electronic screening and feedback on an intention-to-treat basis with usual care among 300 youths 13 to 18 years of age at 5 pediatric clinics in the Pacific Northwest. Outcomes were assessed via electronic survey at 1 day and 3 months after the initial visit. Study data collection occurred from March 13, 2015, to November 29, 2016, and statistical analysis was conducted between February 6, 2017, and June 20, 2018. <h3>Interventions</h3> Youths in the intervention group (n = 147) received electronic screening and personalized feedback with clinician clinical decision support. Youths in the control group (n = 153) received standard screening and counseling as provided by their clinic. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Youths' report of receipt of counseling during the visit and risk behaviors at 3 months. <h3>Results</h3> In the final study sample of 300 youths (intervention group, 75 girls and 72 boys; mean [SD] age, 14.5 [1.4 years]; and control group, 80 girls and 73 boys; mean [SD] age, 14.5 [1.4] years), 234 (78.0%) were aged 13 to 15 years. After adjusting for age, sex, and random effect of clinic, youths in the intervention group were more likely to receive counseling for each of their reported risk behaviors than were youths in the control group (adjusted rate ratio, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.07-1.63). Youths in the intervention group had a significantly greater reduction (β = –0.48; 95% CI, –0.89 to –0.02;<i>P</i> = .02) in their risk behavior scores at 3 months when compared with youths in the control group. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Electronic screening of health risk behavior with clinical decision support and motivational feedback to teens can improve care delivery and outcomes. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT02360410
A Chemo-enzymatically Linked Bispecific Antibody Retargets T Cells to a Sialylated Epitope on CD43 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Lina Bartels, Greta de Jong, Marijn A. Gillissen, Etsuko Yasuda, Veronika Kattler, Camille Bru, Christien Fatmawati, Susan E. van Hal-van Veen, Madalina G. Cercel, Gemma Moiset, Arjen Q. Bakker, Pauline M. van Helden, Julien Villaudy, Mette D. Hazenberg, Hergen Spits, Koen Wagner
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a high-risk disease with a poor prognosis, particularly in elderly patients. Because current AML treatment relies primarily on untargeted therapies with severe side effects that limit patient eligibility, identification of novel therapeutic AML targets is highly desired. We recently described AT1413, an antibody produced by donor B cells of a patient with AML cured after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. AT1413 binds CD43s, a unique sialylated epitope on CD43, which is weakly expressed on normal myeloid cells and overexpressed on AML cells. Because of its selectivity for AML cells, we considered CD43s as a target for a bispecific T-cell-engaging antibody (bTCE) and generated a bTCE by coupling AT1413 to two T-cell-targeting fragments using chemo-enzymatic linkage. In vitro, AT1413 bTCE efficiently induced T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity toward different AML cell lines and patient-derived AML blasts, whereas endothelial cells with low binding capacity for AT1413 remained unaffected. In the presence of AML cells, AT1413 bTCE induced upregulation of T-cell activation markers, cytokine release, and T-cell proliferation. AT1413 bTCE was also effective in vivo. Mice either coinjected with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or engrafted with human hematopoietic stem cells [human immune system (HIS) mice] were inoculated with an AML cell line or patient-derived primary AML blasts. AT1413 bTCE treatment strongly inhibited tumor growth and, in HIS mice, had minimal effects on normal human hematopoietic cells. Taken together, our results indicate that CD43s is a promising target for T-cell-engaging antibodies and that AT1413 holds therapeutic potential in a bTCE-format. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings offer preclinical evidence for the therapeutic potential of a bTCE antibody that targets a sialylated epitope on CD43 in AML.
New Federal Requirements to Inform Patients About Breast Density
Authors: Nancy L. Keating, Lydia E. Pace
Journal: JAMA (2019)

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Abstract 1599: Oral epithelium as a surrogate tissue for assessing smoking-induced molecular alterations in lungs
Authors: Manisha Bhutani, Ashutosh K Pathak, You Hong Fan, Diane D Liu, J. Jack Lee, Hongli Tang, Jonathan M Kurie, Rodolfo C Morice, Edward S Kim, Waun K Hong, Li Mao
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Background: Because lungs and oral cavity are both exposed to tobacco-carcinogens, we hypothesized that the oral epithelium undergoes molecular alterations similar to those in other airway areas and therefore may be used as a surrogate tissue to assess tobacco-induced molecular alterations in lungs. Methods: Promoter methylation of p16 and FHIT genes was analyzed in 127 chronic smokers enrolled in a prospective randomized placebo-controlled chemoprevention trial with 1,774 samples from oral and bronchial brushes (baseline and 3-months after intervention) using methylation-specific PCR (MSP). Methylation patterns in oral tissues were correlated with bronchial methylation indices (methylated sites/total sites per subject). Results: At baseline, promoter methylation was observed in 23%, 17%, and 35% of the bronchial tissues for p16, FHIT, and any of the two genes, respectively, which is comparable to 19%, 15%, and 31% observed in the oral tissues. Among the 125 individuals with available baseline data from both oral and bronchial tissues, strong correlations were observed between tissues from the two organ sites (P &amp;lt; 0.0001 for both p16 and FHIT genes). Among the 39 individuals with oral tissue methylation in any of the two genes, the mean bronchial methylation index was 0.53 (±0.29) compared to only 0.27 (±0.26) for the 86 cases without oral tissue methylation (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Similar correlations were also observed in samples obtained at 3 months after chemopreventive intervention. Conclusions: Oral epithelium may be used as a surrogate tissue to assess tobacco-induced molecular damages in lungs, which has potential implications in lung cancer prevention trials.
Causes of severe pneumonia requiring hospital admission in children without HIV infection from Africa and Asia: the PERCH multi-country case-control study
Authors: Katherine L. O'Brien, Henry C. Baggett, W. Abdullah Brooks, Daniel R. Feikin, Laura L. Hammitt, Melissa M. Higdon, Stephen R.C. Howie, Maria Deloria Knoll, Karen L. Kotloff, Orin S. Levine, Shabir A. Madhi, David R. Murdoch, Christine Prosperi, J. Anthony G. Scott, Qiyuan Shi, Donald M. Thea, Zhenke Wu, Scott L. Zeger, Peter V. Adrian, Pasakorn Akarasewi, Trevor P. Anderson, Martin Antonio, Juliet O. Awori, Vicky L. Baillie, Charatdao Bunthi, James Chipeta, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti, Jane Crawley, Andrea N. DeLuca, Amanda J. Driscoll, Bernard E. Ebruke, Hubert P. Endtz, Nicholas Fancourt, Wei Fu, Doli Goswami, Michelle J. Groome, Meredith Haddix, Lokman Hossain, Yasmin Jahan, E. Wangeci Kagucia, Alice Kamau, Ruth A. Karron, Sidi Kazungu, Nana Kourouma, Locadiah Kuwanda, Geoffrey Kwenda, Mengying Li, Eunice M. Machuka, Grant Mackenzie, Nasreen Mahomed, Susan A. Maloney, Jessica L. McLellan, Joanne L. Mitchell, David P. Moore, Susan C. Morpeth, Azwifarwi Mudau, Lawrence Mwananyanda, James Mwansa, Micah Silaba Ominde, Uma Onwuchekwa, Daniel E. Park, Julia Rhodes, Pongpun Sawatwong, Phil Seidenberg, Arifin Shamsul, Eric A.F. Simões, Seydou Sissoko, Somwe Wa Somwe, Samba O. Sow, Mamadou Sylla, Boubou Tamboura, Milagritos D. Tapia, Somsak Thamthitiwat, Aliou Toure, Nora L. Watson, Khalequ Zaman, Syed M.A. Zaman
Journal: The Lancet (2019)

Pneumonia is the leading cause of death among children younger than 5 years. In this study, we estimated causes of pneumonia in young African and Asian children, using novel analytical methods applied to clinical and microbiological findings.
From tuberculosis to cycling and celebrity
Authors: Oliver Ellis
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Tuberculosis is a disease that often conjures up images of the developing world, so it may be surprising to hear how prevalent the disease is in Europe. And Romania is one of the hardest hit countries—in 2007 it had a staggering 27 000 known cases. Donal Bradley went to a Romanian clinic, and found that the challenges are as much political as medical (doi: 10.1136/sbmj.c5059). We also hear from Sara Hemming, who works with …
The role of eye movements in perception
Authors: Nam-Gyoon Kim
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

For Gibson, sensory stimulation is neither the cause nor a component of perception, but merely incidental. Perception is based on the pickup of information, which occurs when purposeful observers actively seek information. I present a case in which only with the active sampling of the ambient optical flow field can observers extract the requisite information for the control of locomotion.
The “pharmaceuticalisation” of life
Authors: Alain Braillon, Joel Lexchin, Aubrey Blumsohn, Michael P Hengartner
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Commenting on “the record number of antidepressants prescribed last year,” Helen Stokes-Lampard, chair of the Royal College of General Practitioners, said that “research has shown [antidepressants] can be very effective when used appropriately.”1 This opinion about whether the number of prescriptions is appropriate is one sided. 

Firstly, evidence shows that only one in nine people benefit from antidepressants: the remaining eight are unnecessarily put at risk of adverse drug effects.2

Secondly, the effect size for …
Lead by example
Authors: Victoria Grey, Fifth year medical student
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Protected meal times are routine on hospital wards, but have we lost sight of what we are protecting? Surely the setting aside of time without “unnecessary interruption”1 for eating is supposed to ensure that all patients receive three well balanced and nutritious meals every day—a vital part of their treatment. But, after seeing the food served on a cardiology ward in a UK hospital, I have started to question if this is the case.

For example, during the morning ward round, patients with coronary artery disease were given lifestyle advice to help reduce their risk of further ischaemic events. One of the key messages is that they should …
Are some training places on the UK foundation programme better than others?
Authors: Caroline Elton
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Dear Caroline Are some training places on the UK foundation programme better than others? Vikram Sinha, second year medical student, King’s College London The answer to this questions hinges on your definition of “better,” because everyone will have different priorities in terms of what they want to get out of their foundation training years. Some of the main factors that medical students often take into account when choosing a foundation school include:
Dancing about chlamydia
Authors: Harriet Vickers
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Bryony Kimmings is a Sex Idiot. Having had her “fair share of sexual adventures” she takes her first sexually transmitted infection test at 29, and discovers she has chlamydia. As a solo performance artist, she’s spun her resultant tracing of her sexual contacts—to curb the “epidemic” she may have caused—into a compellingly bonkers menagerie of dances, ditties, and poems.

One of the best things about this show …
Abstract P1-08-09: Breast cancer-related deaths according to grade in ductal carcinoma in situ: A Dutch population-based study on patients diagnosed between 1999 and 2012
Authors: MC van Maaren, M Lagendijk, MM Tilanus-Linthorst, L de Munck, RM Pijnappel, MK Schmidt, J Wesseling, LB Koppert, S Siesling
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background The incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has drastically increased over the past decades. Since DCIS is resected after diagnosis similarly to invasive breast cancer, the natural cause and behaviour of DCIS is not well known. We aimed to determine breast cancer-specific (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) according to grade in DCIS patients after surgical treatment in the Netherlands. Patients and methods All DCIS patients diagnosed between 1999-2012 were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Cause of death was obtained from 'Statistics Netherlands'. BCSS and OS were estimated using multivariable Cox regression in the entire cohort and stratified for grade. Results In total, 12,256 patients were included, of whom 1,509 (12.3%) presented with grade I, 3,675 (30.0%) with grade II, 6,064 (49.5%) with grade III and 1,008 (8.2%) with an unknown grade. During a median follow-up of 7.8 years, 1,138 (9.3%) deaths were observed, and 179 (1.5%) were breast cancer-related. Of these, 10 patients had grade I, 46 grade II, 95 grade III and 28 an unknown grade. After adjustment for confounding, grade II and III were related to worse BCSS compared to grade I with HRs of 1.92 (95% CI:0.97-3.81) and 2.14 (95% CI:1.11-4.12), respectively. No association between grade and OS was observed. Conclusion BCSS and OS rates in DCIS patients are excellent. Since superior rates were observed for low-grade DCIS, and earlier studies have shown that low-grade DCIS have a very low chance on recurrence or upstage to invasive cancer, it seems justified to investigate whether active surveillance may be a balanced alternative for conventional surgical treatment. Citation Format: van Maaren MC, Lagendijk M, Tilanus-Linthorst MM, de Munck L, Pijnappel RM, Schmidt MK, Wesseling J, Koppert LB, Siesling S. Breast cancer-related deaths according to grade in ductal carcinoma in situ: A Dutch population-based study on patients diagnosed between 1999 and 2012 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-08-09.
Abstract 12701: Clinical Benefit of Intensive Antihypertensive Therapy is Consistent Across Race in a Pooled Individual Patient Level Data Analysis of Two Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Haares Mirzan, Rahul Aggarwal, Jackson Steinkamp, Nicholas Chiu
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Evidence suggests that intensive blood pressure targets may be beneficial for cardiovascular outcomes. Limited evidence exists for whether these benefits are consistent across differe...
Abstract B67: Matriptase is involved in COX-2 signaling-induced prostate cancer cell invasion
Authors: Chun-Jung Ko, Ying-Chieh Lu, Pee-Fang Lai, Pei-Wen Hsiao, Ming-Shyue Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Chronic inflammation plays an important role in the early development and progression of cancer. Cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2) is a key rate-limiting enzyme which regulates of inflammation-producing prostaglandins. Several studies have shown that COX-2 is found with overexpression in human cancers (colon, breast, lung, prostate cancers, etc), and implicated in cancer cell invasion. Moreover, high COX-2 expression has been correlated with prostate cancer metastasis. However, the molecular mechanism that COX-2 promotes prostate cancer cell invasion is still unclear. In this study, we established a PC-3 cell invasion progression model (parental and M2I2 PC-3 cells) and found out that several inflammation-associated proteins, COX-2, p-JNK and IL-1β were up-regulated in M2I2 PC-3 cells. Therefore, we purposed that if COX-2 signaling plays a role in prostate cancer cell invasion and the involvement of matriptase in COX-2 signaling-induced cancer cell invasion. The results showed that COX-2 inhibitors (celebrex and sulindac sulfide) could suppress prostate cancer PC3 cell invasion and inhibited matriptase expression and activation. A COX-2 product PGE2 could induce matriptase activation and prostate cancer cell invasion. COX-2 overexpression also could up-regulate matriptase and enhance the cancer cell invasion, while COX-2 silencing antagonized both matriptase activation and cell invasion. Thus, our results indicate that COX-2 signaling can promote prostate cancer cell invasion, at least in part via up-regulating matriptase. Citation Format: Chun-Jung Ko, Ying-Chieh Lu, Pee-Fang Lai, Pei-Wen Hsiao, Ming-Shyue Lee. Matriptase is involved in COX-2 signaling-induced prostate cancer cell invasion. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B67.
A novel technique for stent dysfunction after endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy with antegrade stenting
Authors: Ayana Okamoto, Kosuke Minaga, Mamoru Takenaka, Tomoe Yoshikawa, Ken Kamata, Kentaro Yamao, Masatoshi Kudo
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Recently, endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) has been developed as a new drainage technique for malignant biliary obstruction; however, a high adverse event rate has been reported [1]. Stent migration is a serious adverse event. The use of long stents in EUS-HGS is therefore recommended to prevent this complication [2]. However, when a long stent is placed in the gastrointestinal lumen, re-intervention at the time of stent dysfunction can be challenging; several re-intervention techniques have been reported [2] [3] [4]. We present a case using a successful simple re-intervention technique for stent dysfunction after EUS-HGS combined with antegrade stenting.
Efficacy of Adjunctive Infliximab vs Placebo in the Treatment of Adults With Bipolar I/II Depression
Authors: Roger S. McIntyre, Mehala Subramaniapillai, Yena Lee, Zihang Pan, Nicole E. Carmona, Margarita Shekotikhina, Joshua D. Rosenblat, Elisa Brietzke, Joanna K. Soczynska, Victoria E. Cosgrove, Shefali Miller, Eileen Grace Fischer, Nicole E. Kramer, Kiley Dunlap, Trisha Suppes, Rodrigo B. Mansur
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2019)

To our knowledge, no study has previously evaluated whether individuals with bipolar depression enriched a priori on the basis of biochemical and/or phenotypic immuno-inflammatory activation would differentially respond to an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of depressive symptoms.To assess the antidepressant efficacy of adjunctive infliximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting tumor necrosis factor, in adults with bipolar I and bipolar II depression and inflammatory conditions.This 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial of 60 participants was conducted at 2 outpatient tertiary care sites in Canada and the United States. Eligible adults (aged 18-65 years) met DSM-5-defined criteria for bipolar I or bipolar II depression and exhibited pretreatment biochemical and/or phenotypic evidence of inflammatory activation. Participants were enrolled between October 1, 2015, and April 30, 2018. Data analysis was performed from May 1 through July 31, 2018, using modified intent-to-treat analysis.Patients were randomized to receive 3 intravenous infusions of infliximab therapy or placebo at baseline and at weeks 2 and 6 of the 12-week study.The primary efficacy outcome was baseline-to-end point (ie, week-12) change in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score. History of childhood maltreatment, as assessed by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, was used for exploratory analyses as 1 of several secondary outcomes.A total of 60 participants were randomized to infliximab (n = 29 [48%]; mean [SD] age, 45.0 [11.7] years; 20 of 28 female [71%]) or to placebo (n = 31 [52%]; mean [SD] age, 46.8 [10.2] years; 26 of 30 female [87%]) across study sites. Overall baseline-to-end point change in MADRS total score was observed across treatment × time interaction (χ2 = 10.33; P = .04); reduction in symptom severity was not significant at week 12 (relative risk, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.80-1.50; df = 1; P = .60). As part of a secondary analysis, a significant treatment × time × childhood maltreatment interaction was observed in which infliximab-treated individuals with childhood history of physical abuse exhibited greater reductions in MADRS total score (χ2 = 12.20; P = .02) and higher response rates (≥50% reduction in MADRS total score) (χ2 = 4.05; P = .04).Infliximab did not significantly reduce depressive symptoms compared with placebo in adults with bipolar depression. Results from secondary analyses identified a subpopulation (ie, those reporting physical and/or sexual abuse) that exhibited a significant reduction in depressive symptoms with infliximab treatment compared with placebo.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02363738.