tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THU0257 Rheumatic diseases as a cause of short term disability (STD) compared to other major disease groups (MDG) in urban, suburban and rural greek population
Authors: A Andrianakos, S Aslanides, P Georgountzos, E Tavaniotou, C Antoniadis, P Trontzas, L Kontelis, P Dandis, C Voudouris, E Vafiadou, Z Nikolia, E Kaskani
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the prevalence of STD caused by RD or any other MDG was one of the aims of a population-based epidemiological study of RD in Greece (ESORDIG study). <h3>Methods</h3> This 3 year (1996–1999) study included all adult (&gt;18 years) residents of two urban (U), one suburban (SU) and four rural (R) communities of Greece (8,547 subjects), along with 2,100 randomly selected subjects of 1 SU (1:3) and 1 R (1:2) communities. Sixteen rheumatologists performed the study and 8,740 adults were included (out of a total of 10,647, response rate 82.1%). The study included a detailed interview based on a standardised questionnaire. Short term disability (STD) was defined as ?staying in bed or restriction of usual physical activities for one day or more because of a physical or mental disorder or health problem during the last 2 weeks before the interview?. Established classification criteria (ECC) were used for the diagnosis of RD, while, for the purpose of the study, such criteria were set for RD without ECC. <h3>Results</h3> The overall prevalence of STD caused by RD was 2.8% in the general population (GP) and was significantly higher in women (3.5%) than in men (2%, p &lt; 0.0005). Significant differences were observed between age groups: 1.5% in the 19–45 year-group, compared with 4% in the &gt;45 year-group (p &lt; 0.0005), while there were no differences between communities (U 2.9%, SU 2.3%, R 3%). The total prevalence of STD from all causes was 10.9% in GP; RD were the most common cause of STD (25.2%), followed by respiratory diseases (ReD, 21.2%), cardiovascular diseases (CVD, 17.1%) and gastrointestinal diseases (GI, 8.2%). Analysis for age and sex showed that RD were always the most common cause of STD, with the exception of the 19–28 year-group, where ReD were first (31%), followed by RD (12.1%) and the &gt;68 year-group, where CVD were first (32.8%), followed by ReD (18.3%) and RD (17.6%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The findings of this study show that, compared with other MDG, RD are the major cause of STD in the adult GP, mainly in the middle age groups.
Did the COVID-19 Lockdown Affect the Incidence of Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes in Germany?
Authors: Sascha René Tittel, Joachim Rosenbauer, Clemens Kamrath, Julian Ziegler, Felix Reschke, Johanna Hammersen, Kirsten Mönkemöller, Angeliki Pappa, Thomas Kapellen, Reinhard Walter Holl
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

Psychological stress is a known general health risk potentially increasing the risk of type 1 diabetes. Consistent with this hypothesis, there were reports of a higher incidence of type 1 diabetes after other stressful catastrophic events, e.g., the Chernobyl incident in 1986 or the Los Angeles earthquake in 1994 (1,2). Over the past few months, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and subsequent social distancing have affected biological, psychological, economic, and social aspects of life. Social distancing during the lockdown could be perceived as a stressful situation for children and adolescents, who could not attend kindergarten or school and were unable to pursue hobbies like sports or meeting friends. Perceived stress caused by feelings of isolation may have increased the risk of type 1 diabetes (3). Since type 1 diabetes is also associated with viral infections (4), explaining, for example, the higher type 1 diabetes incidence during winter months, COVID-19 infection may have caused an increase of type 1 diabetes manifestations by affecting immune regulation or by directly damaging pancreatic β-cells (5 …
Anthracyclines in basal breast cancer: The NCIC-CTG trial MA5 comparing adjuvant CMF to CEF
Authors: M. Cheang, S. K. Chia, D. Tu, S. Jiang, L. E. Shepherd, K. I. Pritchard, T. O. Nielsen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

519 Background: MA5 randomized premenopausal women with node-positive early breast cancers to cyclophosphamide- methotrexate-fluorouracil (CMF) or cyclophosphamide-epirubicin-fluorouracil (CEF) adjuvant chemotherapy. This and other trials have shown that adjuvant regimens containing anthracyclines confer significant survival benefit to breast cancer patients. Meta-analyses have revealed most benefit in women with HER2(+) or TOPO2 (+) tumors. Population-based data suggest that patients with a core basal phenotype (negative for hormone receptors and HER2, positive for CK5/6 or EGFR) conversely have worse survival on anthracycline containing vs. CMF regimens. Here we test the hypothesis specified a priori that for basal breast cancers anthracyclines may be inferior, using data from MA5. Methods: From 710 patients in MA5, blocks suitable for tissue microarray construction were recovered for 549. Immunohistochemistry for ER, PR, HER2, Ki67, CK5/6 and EGFR was obtained, allowing stratification of 511 cases into intrinsic biological subtypes by published methods (Cheang MC et al. Clin Cancer Res 2008;14:1368–76). Prespecified analyses were conducted independently by the NCIC- CTG statistical centre. Results: In the CEF arm, patients with core basal tumors had a hazard ratio of 1.8 (log rank p=0.02) for overall survival (OS) relative to the other biological subtypes. In the CMF arm, there was no significant difference (HR 0.9, p = 0.7). The interaction between core basal status and treatment was borderline significant (p=0.06). Relapse free survival differences did not reach significance. Conclusions: Data from this randomized trial supports the hypothesis that anthracycline containing adjuvant chemotherapy regimens are inferior to adjuvant CMF in women with basal breast cancer. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Real-time Continuous Glucose Monitoring During a Hyperinsulinemic-Hypoglycemic Clamp Significantly Underestimates the Degree of Hypoglycemia
Authors: Catriona M. Farrell, Alison D. McNeilly, Simona M. Hapca, Rory J. McCrimmon
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) is increasingly used in patients with type 1 diabetes because it provides real-time data with low glucose alarms in place to alert individuals or their carers to developing hypoglycemia. This technology may be especially useful for those with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH). However, there is limited reported evidence on the accuracy of these devices in the hypoglycemic range in these patients under controlled conditions (1). In an ongoing clinical study of people with type 1 diabetes and IAH we compared data collected from rtCGM with time-matched arterialized venous (AV) blood analyzed using a bedside plasma glucose analyzer and a standard blood glucose meter (used in self-monitoring of blood glucose [SMBG]) under experimental hypoglycemic conditions.

Participants with type 1 diabetes and IAH were recruited to a parallel-group study during which they underwent a 90-min hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic (45 mg/dL) clamp. Throughout the clamp, AV blood samples were obtained every 5 min via a retrograde …
Abstract 12325: Corticosteroid Therapy in Neonates Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Eric M Graham, Renee H Martin, Jason R Buckley, Sinai C Zyblewski, Minoo N Kavarana, Scott M Bradley, Bahaaldin Alsoufi, William T Mahle, Marc Hassid, Andrew M Atz
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: The efficacy of perioperative corticosteroids to improve outcomes following congenital cardiac surgery has been debated for over 5 decades. This study sought to determine whether intrao...
Web-based resources for sun protection information: A French-language evaluation
Authors: E. Mahé, A. Beauchet, P. Saiag
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

1549 Background: With the dramatic increase in ultraviolet-induced skin damage, including melanomas and skin carcinomas, advocating the benefits of reasonable and moderate exposure to sunlight is a public health priority in most Western countries. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the nature and quality of the information posted on the Internet about the effects of the sun on health and about sun protection. Methods: We used eight terms with eight search engines to identify relevant websites providing sun protection advice on the French-speaking web. This information was compared to the recommendations issued by nine official organizations. Influence of website quality and commercial links on the quality of the advice provided was evaluated. For the purposes of this comparison, we attributed marks to the following four criteria: 1) risks and benefits of sun exposure; 2) sun avoidance; 3) clothing recommendations; and 4) sunscreen use. Results: The search identified 1,551 links. After exclusion of sites duplicated either within or between search engines, and of websites used as references, we found 129 web pages dedicated to sun protection advice. Data on the effects of the sun and sun protection were deficient in most websites in comparison to official organization websites. It was even better than the web pages or websites respecting quality criteria. Commercial links tended to score poor marks for 1, 2, and 3 but better marks for 4 (sunscreen use). Conclusions: We showed the limits of web-based resources on the French-speaking web regarding sun protection advice. Poor quality of most of the websites and commercial conflict of interest with sunscreen manufacturers may explain these limits. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
SAT0126 Expression of opioid receptors in chronic pain patients with fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, psychosis, rheumatoid arthritis and healthy controls
Authors: S Salemi, A Aeschlimann, B Michel, R Gay, S Gay, H Sprott
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Chronic pain, usually considered to be continuous or episodic pain of at least six months duration, is a common cause of major disability. Chronic pain involves affective, behavioural and social dimensions. The opioid system plays a major role in the pain controlling systems. <h3>Objectives</h3> Therefore, our main focus was to investigate the patients health status and differences in the expression of opioid receptors in skin and muscle tissues of chronic pain patients with fibromyalgia (FM), osteoarthritis (OA), psychosis (PS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy controls (C). <h3>Methods</h3> The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Short Form 36-item (SF-36) Health Survey questionnaire were given to the patients. Snap frozen sections from skin and muscle tissues (taken from the left deltoid region) were obtained from 8 FM (all female, 30–65 years of age), 4 OA (2 females and 2 males aged 48–72 years), 5 female PS patients (aged 40–79 years), 3 RA (1 female and 2 males aged 48–72 years), and 9 age-matched healthy females (C). Total RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed, amplified and quantified by real time PCR (TaqMan, Perkin Elmer) using fluorogenic probes and specific primers for Delta (DOR), Kappa (KOR) and Mu opioid receptors (MOR). Intensity of expression in each tissue was determined. The expression of 18S mRNA was used as an internal control. <h3>Results</h3> We observed a significantly reduced score in all patient groups compared to the control group regarding physical function in the SF-36 as well as in the VAS. An increase of DOR mRNA expression was found in PS and RA muscle, a decrease of KOR mRNA expression could be detected in OA skin compared to C. An increased expression of DOR (81.0 fold p = 0.001) and of KOR (13.6 fold p = 0.009) mRNA was detected in FM skin compared to skin of healthy controls. This expression was more increased in FM than any other investigated chronic pain condition. MOR was detected only in one skin and one muscle sample of two different PS patients. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Patients expressing high levels of DOR and KOR including patients with FM, PS, and RA might be treated with novel therapeutic approaches modulating opioid receptors expression by selective opioids. Dr. Salemi was supported by the Zurzach foundation and Dr. Sprott by the AFSA and the Olga Mayenfisch foundation.
Eight-year trends in the relative isolation frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility among bloodstream isolates from Greek hospitals: data from the Greek Electronic System for the Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance – WHONET-Greece, 2010 to 2017
Authors: Michalis Polemis, Kyriaki Tryfinopoulou, Panagiota Giakkoupi, Alkiviadis Vatopoulos
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) changes over time and continuous monitoring provides insight on trends to inform both empirical treatment and public health action. Aims To survey trends in relative isolation frequency (RIF) and AMR among key bloodstream pathogens using data from the Greek Electronic System for the Surveillance of AMR (WHONET-Greece). Methods This observational study looked into routine susceptibility data of 50,488 blood culture isolates from hospitalised patients in 25 tertiary hospitals, participating in the WHONET-Greece for trends over time between January 2010 and December 2017. Only the first isolate per species from each patient was included. Hospital wards and intensive care units (ICUs) were analysed separately. Results During the study, the RIF of Acinetobacter baumannii increased in wards, as did the proportion of A. baumannii isolates, which were non-susceptible to most antibiotics in both wards and ICUs. Coincidently, Klebsiella pneumoniae RIF declined while the respective rates of non-susceptible isolates to carbapenems and gentamicin increased. Pseudomonas aeruginosa RIF remained stable but decreasing proportions of non-susceptible isolates to all studied antibiotics, except imipenem were observed. Escherichia coli RIF increased as did the proportion of isolates non-susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins, carbapenems and fluoroquinolones. Concerning Staphylococcus aureus , a decline in the percentage of meticillin resistant isolates in ICUs was found, while the percentages of Enterococcus faecium isolates with non-susceptibility to vancomycin stayed stable. Conclusions Recognising these trends over time is important, since the epidemiology of AMR is complex, involving different ‘bug and drug’ combinations. This should be taken into consideration to control AMR.
The management of adult patients with severe chronic small intestinal dysmotility
Authors: Jeremy M D Nightingale, Peter Paine, John McLaughlin, Anton Emmanuel, Joanne E Martin, Simon Lal
Journal: Gut (2020)

Adult patients with severe chronic small intestinal dysmotility are not uncommon and can be difficult to manage. This guideline gives an outline of how to make the diagnosis. It discusses factors which contribute to or cause a picture of severe chronic intestinal dysmotility (eg, obstruction, functional gastrointestinal disorders, drugs, psychosocial issues and malnutrition). It gives management guidelines for patients with an enteric myopathy or neuropathy including the use of enteral and parenteral nutrition.
Loss of oral mucosal stem cell markers in oral submucous fibrosis and their reactivation in malignant transformation
Authors: Mohit Sharma, Felipe Paiva Fonseca, Keith D. Hunter, Raghu Radhakrishnan
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2020)

Abstract The integrity of the basal stem cell layer is critical for epithelial homoeostasis. In this paper, we review the expression of oral mucosal stem cell markers (OM-SCMs) in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to understand the role of basal cells in potentiating cancer stem cell behaviour in OSF. While the loss of basal cell clonogenicity triggers epithelial atrophy in OSF, the transition of the epithelium from atrophic to hyperplastic and eventually neoplastic involves the reactivation of basal stemness. The vacillating expression patterns of OM-SCMs confirm the role of keratins 5, 14, 19, CD44, β1-integrin, p63, sex-determining region Y box (SOX2), octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4), c-MYC, B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukaemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi-1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) in OSF, OPMDs and OSCC. The downregulation of OM-SCMs in the atrophic epithelium of OSF and their upregulation during malignant transformation are illustrated with relevant literature in this review.
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of oxidative stress: We should treat it that way
Authors: Fábio Sá Carneiro Sczepanik, Márcio Lima Grossi, Márcio Casati, Michael Goldberg, Michael Glogauer, Noah Fine, Howard C. Tenenbaum
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2020)

Abstract Periodontitis is a highly prevalent disease. As it progresses, it causes serious morbidity in the form of periodontal abscesses and tooth loss and, in the latter stages, pain. It is also now known that periodontitis is strongly associated with several nonoral diseases. Thus, patients with periodontitis are at greater risk for the development and/or exacerbation of diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular diseases, among other conditions. Although it is without question that specific groups of oral bacteria which populate dental plaque play a causative role in the development of periodontitis, it is now thought that once this disease has been triggered, other factors play an equal, and possibly more important, role in its progression, particularly in severe cases or in cases that prove difficult to treat. In this regard, we allude to the host response, specifically the notion that the host, once infected with oral periodontal pathogenic bacteria, will mount a defense response mediated largely through the innate immune system. The most abundant cell type of the innate immune system – polymorphonuclear neutrophils – can, when protecting the host from microbial invasion, mount a response that includes upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and reactive oxygen species, all of which then contribute to the tissue damage and loss of teeth commonly associated with periodontitis. Of the mechanisms referred to here, we suggest that upregulation of reactive oxygen species might play one of the most important roles in the establishment and progression of periodontitis (as well as in other diseases of inflammation) through the development of oxidative stress. In this overview, we discuss both innate and epigenetic factors (eg, diabetes, smoking) that lead to the development of oxidative stress. This oxidative stress then provides an environment conducive to the destructive processes observed in periodontitis. Therefore, we shall describe some of the fundamental characteristics of oxidative stress and its effects on the periodontium, discuss the diseases and other factors that cause oxidative stress, and, finally, review potentially novel therapeutic approaches for the management (and possibly even the reversal) of periodontitis, which rely on the use of therapies, such as resveratrol and other antioxidants, that provide increased antioxidant activity in the host.
Use of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5 (SCAT5) in professional hockey, part 2: which components differentiate concussed and non-concussed players?
Authors: Jared M Bruce, Joanie Thelen, Willem Meeuwisse, Michael G Hutchison, John Rizos, Paul Comper, Ruben J Echemendia
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

Objectives To examine the utility of Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT5) subcomponents in differentiating physician diagnosed concussed players from controls. Methods We evaluated 1924 professional hockey players at training camp using the National Hockey League (NHL) Modified SCAT5 prior to the 2018–2019 season. Over the course of the season, 314 English-speaking players received SCAT5 evaluations within 1 day of a suspected concussive event. Of these players, 140 (45%) were subsequently diagnosed with concussion by their team physicians. Results Concussed players reported more symptoms (Concussed M=8.52, SD=4.78; Control M=3.32, SD=3.97), and recalled fewer words than Controls on both the Immediate Memory (Concussed M=19.34, SD=4.06; Control M=21.53, SD=2.94) and Delayed Recall (Concussed z=−0.91; Control z=−0.09) tasks during the acute evaluation. Concussed players also made more errors than Controls on the mBESS and were more likely to report double vision and exhibit clinician-observed balance problems than controls. There were no between-group differences on the Concentration component of the SCAT5. Stepwise regression revealed that symptom report and list learning tasks both accounted for independent variance in identifying players diagnosed with concussion. Conclusions These findings provide support for use of the SCAT5 to assist in identifying concussed professional hockey players. When examining SCAT5 subtests, both symptom report and the 10-item word list accounted for independent variance in identifying concussion status in this sample of professional hockey players. The mBESS also differentiated Concussed players and Controls. The Concentration component of the SCAT5 did not significantly differentiate Concussed players and Controls.
Pathological angiogenesis is induced by sustained Akt signaling and inhibited by rapamycin.
Authors: Thuy Phung, Carole Perruzzi, Rita Monahan-Earley, Janice Nagy, David Briscoe, Kenneth Walsh, William Sessa, Ann Dvorak, Harold Dvorak, Laura Benjamin
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

5706  Pathological blood vessels, such as those found in cancer, differ from their normal counterparts in both structure and function. We found that sustained endothelial cell Akt activation was sufficient to recapitulate many aberrant features of tumor blood vessels in a non-tumor microenvironment. Notably, the blood vessels were enlarged, torturous, hyperpermeable and deficient in pericyte coverage. Mice with endothelial cell Akt expression develop generalized edema, and pleural effusion. These pathological changes were reversible upon withdrawal of sustained Akt signaling, demonstrating their ongoing requirement for Akt signaling as well as the “plasticity” of the adult vasculature. Furthermore, rapamycin inhibition of mTOR, a downstream effector of Akt, blocked the development of pathological blood vessels and inhibited VEGF-induced vascular permeability. Investigation into the mechanism of rapamycin action in this model revealed that in addition to S6 kinase, rapamycin also blocked Akt phosphorylation in both cultured endothelial cells and tissues, suggesting that rapamycin inhibition of Akt signaling may account for its anti-angiogenic properties. These findings indicate a possible clinical utility of rapamycin as an angiogenesis inhibitor and support a novel pathway for rapamycin action via Akt inhibition.