tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Historical Insights on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the 1918 Influenza Pandemic, and Racial Disparities: Illuminating a Path Forward
Authors: Lakshmi Krishnan, S. Michelle Ogunwole, Lisa A. Cooper
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is exacting a disproportionate toll on ethnic minority communities and magnifying existing disparities in health care access and treatment. To understand this crisis, physicians and public health researchers have searched history for insights, especially from a great outbreak approximately a century ago: the 1918 influenza pandemic. However, of the accounts examining the 1918 influenza pandemic and COVID-19, only a notable few discuss race. Yet, a rich, broader scholarship on race and epidemic disease as a "sampling device for social analysis" exists. This commentary examines the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex and sometimes surprising ways it operated, triggering particular responses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. This analysis reveals that critical structural inequities and health care gaps have historically contributed to and continue to compound disparate health outcomes among communities of color. Shifting from this context to the present, this article frames a discussion of racial health disparities through a resilience approach rather than a deficit approach and offers a blueprint for approaching the COVID-19 crisis and its afterlives through the lens of health equity.
Bioactive natural compounds against human coronaviruses: a review and perspective
Authors: Yanfang Xian, Juan Zhang, Zhaoxiang Bian, Hua Zhou, Zhenbiao Zhang, Zhixiu Lin, Hongxi Xu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2020)

Coronaviruses (CoVs), a family of enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses, are characterized by club-like spikes that project from their surface, unusually large RNA genome, and unique replication capability. CoVs are known to cause various potentially lethal human respiratory infectious diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and the very recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Unfortunately, neither drug nor vaccine has yet been approved to date to prevent and treat these diseases caused by CoVs. Therefore, effective prevention and treatment medications against human coronavirus are in urgent need. In the past decades, many natural compounds have been reported to possess multiple biological activities, including antiviral properties. In this article, we provided a comprehensive review on the natural compounds that interfere with the life cycles of SARS and MERS, and discussed their potential use for the treatment of COVID-19.
Abstract B31: A preprocessing filter to improve superparamagnetic relaxometry (SPMR)-based early tumor detection
Authors: Mehdi Baqri, Sri Kandala, David Fuentes
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract The early detection of aggressive forms of ovarian cancer before they metastasize is critical for reducing overall mortality from the disease. Superparamagnetic relaxometry (SPMR) is an imaging technique useful for visualizing early-stage tumors with high sensitivity and specificity. It uses superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) to detect targeted superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) that visualize tumors ten times smaller than what conventional imaging techniques can. However, the ultra-sensitivity of SQUIDs increases their risk of distortion due to far-field artifacts. Therefore, a preprocessing filter was developed to mitigate far-field, low-frequency disturbances to SQUID signal acquisition. This is based on the hypothesis that correcting SQUID signal acquisition using a magnetometer for far-field detection will increase the accuracy of SPMR for early tumor detection. The hypothesis was tested in three steps. First, it was shown that the magnetometer (MAG) could specifically detect far-field noise and effectively avoid nanoparticle signatures. Second, high- and low-frequency noise was induced to show that far-field artifacts in the MAG signal correlated with distortions in the SQUID channels. Therefore, a processing filter was developed to parse through and parameterize MAG signal extrema to SQUID signal distortions. A series of further optimization steps included anchoring the MAG signal to respective channels, modeling and subtracting the component of structural (environmental) relaxation, and constraining a general subtraction window. Third, success was measured by the image reconstruction accuracy of sources with various nanoparticle concentrations, using the HSPMR dipole-fitting technique. Overall, the MAG-filter increased reconstruction accuracy more effectively with decreasing nanoparticle signal; accuracy increased the most at very low concentrations (~1ug). Therefore, these preliminary data indicate that the MAG-filter increases SPMR sensitivity for low concentrations representative of very small clusters of cells, typical of early disease stages. Future work will further optimize this initial filter to work uniformly and effectively across different nanoparticle concentrations (and tumor sizes) and translate this technology to highly sensitive early and sparse tumor detection. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Mehdi Baqri, Sri Kandala, David Fuentes. A preprocessing filter to improve superparamagnetic relaxometry (SPMR)-based early tumor detection [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolving Landscape of Cancer Modeling; 2020 Mar 2-5; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B31.
What We Do Not Know About e-Cigarettes Is a Lot
Authors: Timothy B. Baker, Michael C. Fiore
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Colm D. Everard, PhD; Marushka L. Silveira, PhD, MPH, BDS; Heather L. Kimmel, PhD; Daniela Marshall, PhD; Carlos Blanco, MD, PhD; Wilson M. Compton, MD, MPE
Correction: Dominant-negative mutations in human <i>IL6ST</i> underlie hyper-IgE syndrome
Authors: Vivien Béziat, Simon J. Tavernier, Yin-Huai Chen, Cindy S. Ma, Marie Materna, Arian Laurence, Jens Staal, Dominik Aschenbrenner, Lisa Roels, Lisa Worley, Kathleen Claes, Lisa Gartner, Lisa A. Kohn, Marieke De Bruyne, Klaus Schmitz-Abe, Louis-Marie Charbonnier, Sevgi Keles, Justine Nammour, Natasha Vladikine, Majistor Raj Luxman Maglorius Renkilaraj, Yoann Seeleuthner, Mélanie Migaud, Jérémie Rosain, Mohamed Jeljeli, Bertrand Boisson, Eva Van Braeckel, Jill A. Rosenfeld, Hongzheng Dai, Lindsay C. Burrage, David R. Murdock, Bart N. Lambrecht, Véronique Avettand-Fenoel, Tiphanie P. Vogel, Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Charles R. Esther, Sule Haskologlu, Figen Dogu, Peter Ciznar, David Boutboul, Marie Ouachée-Chardin, Jean Amourette, Marie-Noëlle Lebras, Clément Gauvain, Colas Tcherakian, Aydan Ikinciogullari, Rudi Beyaert, Laurent Abel, Joshua D. Milner, Bodo Grimbacher, Louis-Jean Couderc, Manish J. Butte, Alexandra F. Freeman, Émilie Catherinot, Claire Fieschi, Talal A. Chatila, Stuart G. Tangye, Holm H. Uhlig, Filomeen Haerynck, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Anne Puel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)
Five-Year Follow-up after Mesenchymal Stromal Cell–based Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Oscar E. Simonson, Elisabeth Ståhle, Tomas Hansen, Johan O. Wedin, Anders Larsson, Mattias Mattsson, Pavel Volchkov, Katarina Le Blanc, Sergey Rodin, Karl-Henrik Grinnemo
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)

Limitations of the study include the observational nature of the study and the fact that we did not confirm the spatial distribution of the inhaled cigarette smoke by using a tracer.However, OEP is an excellent noninvasive tool to determine compartmental displacement during breathing accurately and has the advantage of allowing accurate observation without complex instrument interference.To conclude, we show for the first time that, while smoking, women mainly engage the pulmonary ribcage, whereas men mainly engage the abdominal compartment.These findings may help explain the increased susceptibility to cigarette smoke in women versus men, which underlies the increased risk of developing COPD, severe emphysema, and lung cancer in the female population.
CB2 improves power of cell detection in droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing data
Authors: Zijian Ni, Shuyang Chen, Jared Brown, Christina Kendziorski
Journal: Genome biology (2020)

Abstract An important challenge in pre-processing data from droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing protocols is distinguishing barcodes associated with real cells from those binding background reads. Existing methods test barcodes individually and consequently do not leverage the strong cell-to-cell correlation present in most datasets. To improve cell detection, we introduce CB2, a cluster-based approach for distinguishing real cells from background barcodes. As demonstrated in simulated and case study datasets, CB2 has increased power for identifying real cells which allows for the identification of novel subpopulations and improves the precision of downstream analyses.
Endothelial HIF-2α as a Key Endogenous Mediator Preventing Emphysema
Authors: Shravani Pasupneti, Wen Tian, Allen B. Tu, Petra Dahms, Eric Granucci, Aneta Gandjeva, Menglan Xiang, Eugene C. Butcher, Gregg L. Semenza, Rubin M. Tuder, Xinguo Jiang, Mark R. Nicolls
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)

Rationale: Endothelial injury may provoke emphysema, but molecular pathways of disease development require further discernment. Emphysematous lungs exhibit decreased expression of HIF-2α (hypoxia-inducible factor-2α)-regulated genes, and tobacco smoke decreases pulmonary HIF-2α concentrations. These findings suggest that decreased HIF-2α expression is important in the development of emphysema.Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the roles of endothelial-cell (EC) HIF-2α in the pathogenesis of emphysema in mice.Methods: Mouse lungs were examined for emphysema after either the loss or the overexpression of EC Hif-2α. In addition, SU5416, a VEGFR2 inhibitor, was used to induce emphysema. Lungs were evaluated for HGF (hepatocyte growth factor), a protein involved in alveolar development and homeostasis. Lungs from patients with emphysema were measured for endothelial HIF-2α expression.Measurements and Main Results: EC Hif-2α deletion resulted in emphysema in association with fewer ECs and pericytes. After SU5416 exposure, EC Hif-2α-knockout mice developed more severe emphysema, whereas EC Hif-2α-overexpressing mice were protected. EC Hif-2α-knockout mice demonstrated lower levels of HGF. Human emphysema lung samples exhibited reduced EC HIF-2α expression.Conclusions: Here, we demonstrate a unique protective role for pulmonary endothelial HIF-2α and how decreased expression of this endogenous factor causes emphysema; its pivotal protective function is suggested by its ability to overcome VEGF antagonism. HIF-2α may maintain alveolar architecture by promoting vascular survival and associated HGF production. In summary, HIF-2α may be a key endogenous factor that prevents the development of emphysema, and its upregulation has the potential to foster lung health in at-risk patients.
SAT0603 SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS IS AN INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR FOR ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE WITH AN ADDITIONAL RISK IN THOSE POSITIVE FOR CERTAIN ANTI-PHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES: A VERY LARGE CASE-CONTROL STUDY
Authors: A. Watad, D. Mcgonagle, N. L. Bragazzi, D. Comanesther, A. Cohen, M. Lidar, H. Amital
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: A higher prevalence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) was reported. However, contrasting findings were published concerning the role of SSc-related autoantibodies in IHD risk which remains controversial. Objectives: The current study explored the link between SSc and IHD, impact of putative links on SSc mortality and the role of SSc-related and antiphospholipid autoantibodies in disease associated IHD. Methods: A large cohort study utilising the Clalit-Health-Service (CHS) database was conducted on 2,431 SSc patients and 12,710 age- and sex matched controls. The proportion of IHD was compared between patients diagnosed with SSc and age- and gender-matched controls. The role of SSc-linked and antiphospholipid autoantibodies in disease associated IHD was assessed. Results: The rate of IHD was significantly higher in SSc than controls (20.4% vs 15.0%, p&lt;0.001). At the multivariate analysis, SSc was an independent predictor of IHD with an OR of 1.91 (95%CI 1.57-2.31, p&lt;0.0001). SSc patients with IHD had a higher mortality rate with an HR of 2.67 (95%CI 2.03-3.53, p&lt;0.0001) than those without IHD. SSc patients with positive anti-beta2GPI (IgM-isotype) or anti-cardiolipin (aCL) (IgA-isotype) exhibited a higher risk of IHD than SSc patients without these antibodies with an OR 1.89 (95% 1.04-3.45, p=0.0369) and OR of 3.72 (95% 1.25-11.11, p=0.0184), respectively. Conclusion: Patients with SSc are at higher risk for developing IHD with an additional risk for the latter in those positive for aCL or anti-beta2GPI. A high degree of suspicion is needed during routine patient follow-up and pre-emptive screening should be considered. Disclosure of Interests: Abdulla Watad: None declared, Dennis McGonagle Grant/research support from: Janssen Research &amp; Development, LLC, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi: None declared, Doron Comanesther: None declared, Arnon Cohen: None declared, Merav Lidar: None declared, Howard Amital: None declared
Population uptake of HIV testing, treatment, viral suppression, and male circumcision following a community-based intervention in Botswana (Ya Tsie/BCPP): a cluster-randomised trial
Authors: Kathleen E Wirth, Tendani Gaolathe, Molly Pretorius Holme, Mompati Mmalane, Etienne Kadima, Unoda Chakalisa, Kutlo Manyake, Atang Matildah Mbikiwa, Selebaleng V Simon, Rona Letlhogile, Kutlwano Mukokomani, Erik van Widenfelt, Sikhulile Moyo, Kara Bennett, Jean Leidner, Kathleen M Powis, Refeletswe Lebelonyane, Mary Grace Alwano, Joseph Jarvis, Scott L Dryden-Peterson, Coulson Kgathi, Janet Moore, Pam Bachanas, Elliot Raizes, William Abrams, Lisa Block, Baraedi Sento, Vlad Novitsky, Shenaaz El-Halabi, Tafireyi Marukutira, Lisa A Mills, Connie Sexton, Sherri Pals, Roger L Shapiro, Rui Wang, Quanhong Lei, Victor DeGruttola, Joseph Makhema, Myron Essex, Shahin Lockman, Eric J Tchetgen Tchetgen
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2020)
Circulating CD14<sup>high</sup>CD16<sup>low</sup>intermediate blood monocytes as a biomarker of ascites immune status and ovarian cancer progression
Authors: Mélissa Prat, Augustin Le Naour, Kimberley Coulson, Fanny Lemée, Hélène Leray, Godefroy Jacquemin, Mouna Chirine Rahabi, Léa Lemaitre, Hélène Authier, Gwenaël Ferron, Jean-Marc Barret, Alejandra Martinez, Maha Ayyoub, Jean-Pierre Delord, Laurence Gladieff, Isabelle Tabah-Fisch, Jean-François Prost, Bettina Couderc, Agnès Coste
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Background Besides the interest of an early detection of ovarian cancer, there is an urgent need for new predictive and prognostic biomarkers of tumor development and cancer treatment. In healthy patients, circulating blood monocytes are typically subdivided into classical (85%), intermediate (5%) and non-classical (10%) populations. Although these circulating monocyte subsets have been suggested as biomarkers in several diseases, few studies have investigate their potential as a predictive signature for tumor immune status,tumor growth and treatment adaptation. Methods In this study, we used a homogeneous cohort of 28 chemotherapy-naïve patients with ovarian cancer to evaluate monocyte subsets as biomarkers of the ascites immunological status. We evaluated the correlations between circulating monocyte subsets and immune cells and tumor burden in peritoneal ascites. Moreover, to validate the use of circulating monocyte subsets tofollow tumor progression and treatment response, we characterized blood monocytes from ovarian cancer patients included in a phase 1 clinical trial at baseline and following murlentamab treatment. Results We demonstrate here a robust expansion of the intermediate blood monocytes (IBMs) in ovarian cancer patients. We establish a significant positive correlation between IBM percentage and tumor–associate macrophages with a CCR2 high /CD163 high /CD206 high /CD86 low profile. Moreover, IBM expansion is associated with a decreased effector/regulatory T-cell ratio in ascites and with the presence of soluble immunosuppressive mediators. We also establish that IBM proportion positively correlates with the peritoneum tumor burden. Finally, the study of IBMs in patients with ovarian cancer under immunotherapy during the phase clinical trial supports IBMs to follow the evolution of tumor development and the treatment adaptation. Conclusions This study, which links IBM level with immunosuppression and tumor burden in peritoneum, identifies IBMs as apotential predictive signature of ascites immune status and as a biomarker ofovarian cancer development and treatment response. Trial registration number EudraCT: 2015-004252-22 NCT02978755 .
Abstract 14391: Assessing the Accuracy of the Petersen Criteria for Left Ventricular Non-Compaction With a Novel Thresholding Technique: Long Term Clinical Follow Up
Authors: Giuseppe Femia, Christopher Semsarian, David Richmond, Preeti Choudhary, Samantha Barratt Ross, Danyi Zhu, Rajesh Puranik
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Left Ventricular Non-Compaction (LVNC) is a challenging condition to diagnose due to a lack of a diagnostic gold standard. A commonly used cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) diagnostic cr...
Acute myeloid leukemia with a severe coagulopathy and t(8;16)(p11;p13)
Authors: Andrew Hastings, Jane F. Apperley, Elisabet Nadal‐Melsio, Loretta Brown, Barbara J. Bain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2020)

An acute presentation of AML with a severe coagulopathy is characteristic of APL and, because of the still significant early death rate, may justifiably lead to treatment with ATRA prior to confirmation or exclusion of the diagnosis. However it is important to note that the rare entity of AML with t(8;16) and a KAT6A-CREBBP fusion gene enters into the differential diagnosis. The frequent lack of expression of CD34 in such cases (14 of 17 negative in one series of patients1 and 14 of 15 in a second2) may strengthen the suspicion of APL. Other stem cell markers, CD117 and CD133, are also often negative. However, in contrast to APL, HLA-DR is generally positive. The bone marrow morphological features can be suggestive with many cases showing hemophagocytosis, particularly erythrophagocytosis, by a low proportion of blast cells; this was observed in seven of 13 patients in one series of patients,3 in eight of 11 in another1 and in seven of 15 in a third.2 Although cytochemistry is now rarely used in leukemia diagnosis, it can be informative in these cases since there is an otherwise unusual coexpression of non-specific esterase and quite strong myeloperoxidase. Although not a distinct entity in the World Health Organization classification, AML with t(8;16) is increasingly recognized as an alternate cause of hypofibrinogenemia and a bleeding diathesis at presentation of AML. The morphology is typically monoblastic or, less commonly, myelomonocytic. Cases are often therapy related. Hemophagocytosis by blast cells is associated with a variety of cytogenetic abnormalities in AML, but in combination with a severe coagulopathy (sometimes interpreted as DIC and sometimes as excessive fibrinolysis) should lead to consideration of this entity. This case underlines the importance of an integrated approach, including a careful morphological examination of both bone marrow and blood films, in the diagnosis of AML. No conflict of interest.
Transcriptional networks downstream of the AR identify clinically relevant prostate cancer targets
Authors: C Massie, A Lynch, R Stark, A Ramos-Montoya, L Fazli, A Warren, H Scott, H Bon, N Sharma, V Zecchini, N Matthews, M Osborne, J Hadfield, J Swatton, S McArthur, B Adryan, E Grigorenko, C Watt, L McEwan, P Rennie, D Neal, I G Mills
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)
“They feel empowered to discriminate against las chicas”: Latina transgender women’s experiences navigating the healthcare system
Authors: Roberto L. Abreu, Kirsten A. Gonzalez, Della V. Mosley, Lex Pulice-Farrow, Alissa Adam, Francesco Duberli
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2020)

Transgender Women of Color are more likely to experience oppression at the hands of healthcare providers than their transgender White counterparts. However, there is a paucity of research on the experiences of Latina transgender women in the United States.Using an intersectionality theory framework, the present study aimed to investigate the factors that contribute to Latina transgender women's decision to seek or refuse healthcare services and Latina transgender women's experiences with healthcare providers in the United States.A community sample of 15 Latina transgender women at a large metropolitan city in Florida participated in a focus group to explore their experiences with seeking out and accessing healthcare services.Thematic analysis revealed five themes: 1) experiences in seeking healthcare, 2) the effects of hormones on mental health, 3) resistance, 4) imparting collective knowledge, and 5) recommendations to healthcare providers.Through collective dialog these women gave voice to their needs and pains in the context of healthcare while also positioning themselves as agentic, resistant, and aware of the power of collectivism in the process of healing. The current findings support and extend calls for training improvements related to transgender populations, giving voice not only to the need for training but specifying immigrant Latina transgender women's desire for such training. Also, elements related to Latinx cultural values (e.g., convivencia, familismo) must be considered when working with Latina transgender women.
RANDOMISED TRIAL OF AMBULATORY MANAGEMENT OF PRIMARY SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX
Authors: R Hallifax, E McKeown, P Sivakumar, I Fairbairn, C Peter, A Leitch, M Knight, A Stanton, A Ijaz, S Marciniak, J Cameron, A Bhatta, K Blyth, R Reddy, Harris M-C., N Maddekar, S Walker, A West, M Laskawiec-Szkonter, J Corcoran, S Gerry, C Roberts, J Harvey, N Maskell, R Miller, N Rahman
Journal: The Lancet (2020)
Developing specific reporting guidelines for diagnostic accuracy studies assessing AI interventions: The STARD-AI Steering Group
Authors: Viknesh Sounderajah, Hutan Ashrafian, Ravi Aggarwal, Jeffrey De Fauw, Alastair K. Denniston, Felix Greaves, Alan Karthikesalingam, Dominic King, Xiaoxuan Liu, Sheraz R. Markar, Matthew D. F. McInnes, Trishan Panch, Jonathan Pearson-Stuttard, Daniel S. W. Ting, Robert M. Golub, David Moher, Patrick M. Bossuyt, Ara Darzi
Journal: Nature Medicine (2020)