tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Benefits of early integration of palliative care across the continuum in the care of children with solid tumors.
Authors: Karen S. Fernandez, Rober J. Lucia, Michele J. Holman, Rachel Buchheit
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e20552 Background: Children with solid tumors (ST) have the highest rate of relapse and mortality among pediatric oncology. Many children suffer from acute and chronic therapy-related toxicity that have major implications in their lives. In 2012 we integrated a palliative care consultation (PCC) for children with ST since the time of diagnosis. Objectives: To evaluate the benefits of early integration of PCC for children with ST on 1)Facilitation of interdisciplinary meetings (IDM) and goals of care 2)Counseling support for coping, advocacy, self-care, 3)Grieving, 4)End-of-life decision making/planning, and 5)Bereavement. Methods: An audit of all PCC from November/2012 to May/2014 was performed. Newly diagnosed children with high risk ST (metastatic disease, need for HSCT or risk for relapse of > 30%) were eligible for early PCC (36/44). Brain Tumor patients were excluded (19). Palliative Care was introduced to the patient/family during the first 4 weeks of diagnosis. The perception of the intervention was explored among physicians and palliative care counselors. Results: 29/35 patients (72%) were offered early PCC, 1 declined the intervention. 17/28 patients developed disease relapse/progression (61%), 11/17 died. Other chronic diseases were present on 5/28 (18%) patients. IDM for re-direction of goals was given to 20/28 (71%) patients. Counseling was given to 25/28 (89%) patients in at least 1 of 3 aspects (coping, advocacy, self-care). Grieving support was given to 20 /28 (71%) patients, 6 due to loss of physical function, 4 during relapse and 11 during the dying process. End-of-life and bereavement support was given to 11/17 patients. Median number of counselor visits/patient was 14. PCC favored effective communication between patients/families and medical teams. PCC was critical for rapport and trust building for an effective and productive professional relationship that strengthen the medical and psychosocial care across the continuum. Conclusions: Early integration of PCC for children with ST is feasible, and well-accepted by patients/families and physicians. Early PCC facilitates a comprehensive care throughout the trajectory of cancer, and benefit patients in multiple domains.
Robotically Assisted Surgical Devices Raise Caution
Authors: Feyza Sancar
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PS-101-Inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 using TAK-242 is a novel therapy for prevention and treatment of acute-on-chronic liver failure
Authors: Mohammed Sheikh, Cornelius Engelmann, Abeba Habtesion, Shreya Sharma, Stewart Macdonald, Nathan Davies, Tauhid Ali, Saurabh Gupta, Fausto Andreola, Rajiv Jalan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
Partha Kar: Rebalancing society’s perceptions
Authors: Partha Kar
Journal: BMJ (2019)

It’s a fascinating dichotomy: is a doctor a god or a servant? Colleagues talk about “all powerful” doctors of the past—who knew everyone, who blew people away with their knowledge, skills, and arrogance. They were healers, they told patients what to do, and patients did what they said. They told nurses what to do, and it happened. This perception, which led some patients to put doctors on a pedestal, was built up by years of media portrayals and, perhaps, bluster and self aggrandisation by doctors themselves.

But times changed, and the world changed. Patients found their voice—quite rightly, too. They became more inquisitive about their care, and they tried to find out more about …
SAT-101-Detrimental effect of proton pump inhibitors in cirrhosis depends on common genetic variation
Authors: Matthias Reichert, Christina Schneider, Roman Liebe, Edith Vandieken, Markus Casper, Beate Appenrodt, Robin Greinert, Alexander Zipprich, Cristina Ripoll, Frank Lammert
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
First in-human, phase I study of the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics (PK) of BPM31543 (topical calcitriol solution) in adult cancer patients: Preliminary results.
Authors: Shari Beth Goldfarb, Janice Stevens, Susan Brouwer, Ely Benaim, Niven R. Narain, Rangaprasad Sarangarajan, Alison Kracunas, Joaquin Juan Jimenez, Viswanath Reddy Belum, Kathryn Ciccolini, Danielle Kehn, Mario E. Lacouture
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e20682 Background: All cancer patients receiving taxane-based regimens develop hair loss, which may result in significant psychosocial and quality of life issues. Some women perceive alopecia to be worse than a cancer diagnosis. Moreover, there exists no safe and proven treatment for alopecia. In murine studies, topical calcitriol reduced alopecia likely due to the arrest of cell cycle in healthy hair follicles, and reduction in the sensitivity of the epithelium to chemotherapy. Methods: Up to 18 adult women with cancer (breast, gynecologic, soft-tissue/bone sarcoma) in a standard 3+3 dose-escalation study will apply 1 mL of BPM31543 to the scalp bid, 1-2 weeks prior to initiation of a taxane-based regimen, and then continue for 3 months or until termination of chemotherapy. PK samples were collected (weeks 1, 5, 9, 13), adverse events (AEs) were recorded, and preliminary efficacy of BPM31543 was evaluated. Results: Interim PK data from the first eight patients showed inter-individual variability but no significant dose-dependant increase in systemic absorption (Table). Treatment-related AEs were not dose-limiting, and included scalp pain in one subject in the 5 μg/mL cohort. Reporting was approved by the study sponsor. Conclusions: Topical BPM31543 is safe and tolerable with minimal systemic absorption. The absorption ranged from approximately 30-70 pg/mL and there was no dose-dependant relationship. Clinical trial information: NCT01588522. Clinical trial information: NCT01588522.BPM31543 plasma concentrations over time after topical application of patients treated at three dose levels (5, 10, 20 μg/mL), n=8. Time Point 5 μg/mL 10 μg/mL 20 μg/mL 001 002 003 004 007 008 009 010 Week 1 Hour 0 43.8 47.9 55.3 37.7 60 32 41 47 Hour 2 38.8 48.4 46.2 32.9 59 33 38 54 Hour 4 45.0 51.0 58.7 36.7 57 31 39 50 Hour 8 33.2 44.4 39.5 48.6 50 28 38 54 Week 5, Hour 0 57.5 49.6 61.8 83.2 32 44 98 56 Week 9, Hour 0 63.2 46.5 BQL 41 Week 13, Hour 0 56 54.6 25.9 Note: BQL means
The Great Plague of 1665 as Study in Human Reactions to Disaster
Authors: M Martin
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Daniel Defoe's "A Journal of The Plague Year" is reviewed in the light of disaster studies some three centuries later. Familiar disaster phenomena are described, as well as events that were different or perhaps unique. Leadership by civic authorities is noted. The conclusion is one that is familiar in this nuclear age, viz. survivors "should stand stock-still... and not shift".
When Failure Is Worse Than Giving Up: The Case of CTL
Authors: Mario Paolo Colombo, Daniele Lecis
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Although much emphasis is given to the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors to restore the functionality of exhausted lymphocytes, very little is known about the fate of cancer cells that escape from the cytotoxic activity of T cells. In a previous issue of Cancer Research, Stein and colleagues investigated the response of cancer cells to CD8+ T cells disarmed of their killing activity. Spared cancer cells acquired stem cell–like features and displayed an enhanced capacity to form tumors and metastasize. These increased tumorigenic properties could represent the other side of the coin of T-cell surveillance seen in wound healing in which recognition of damaged tissue as “self” gives the green light for healing process. See related article by Stein and colleagues; Cancer Res 79(7):1507–19
FRI-446-Reduction of hepatic Z-alpha1 antitrypsin by RNA interference prevents and reverses liver disease including hepatic mitochondrial injury in the PiZ mouse model
Authors: Christine Wooddell, Keith Blomenkamp, Ryan Peterson, Vladimir Subbotin, Qili Chu, Holly Hamilton, Dawn Christianson, Steven Kanner, Jeffrey Teckman
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
An Asymmetric Opening of HIV-1 Envelope Mediates Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity
Authors: Nirmin Alsahafi, Nordine Bakouche, Mohsen Kazemi, Jonathan Richard, Shilei Ding, Sudipta Bhattacharyya, Durba Das, Sai Priya Anand, Jérémie Prévost, William D. Tolbert, Hong Lu, Halima Medjahed, Gabrielle Gendron-Lepage, Gloria Gabrielle Ortega Delgado, Sharon Kirk, Bruno Melillo, Walther Mothes, Joseph Sodroski, Amos B. Smith, Daniel E. Kaufmann, Xueling Wu, Marzena Pazgier, Isabelle Rouiller, Andrés Finzi, James B. Munro
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2019)
Treatment duration of brigatinib in patients enrolled in the international expanded access program (EAP)
Authors: M.M. Lin, X. Pan, P. Hou, S. Allen, P. Baumann, M.J. Hochmair
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

Background: Brigatinib is a next-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor for the treatment of advanced ALK+ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In June 2016, the international EAP was opened to enable access to brigatinib prior to commercial launch for patients with unmet medical need, including those who had exhausted available therapies or were unable to participate in a clinical study. This retrospective analysis evaluated real-world treatment duration using brigatinib EAP shipment and discontinuation data. Methods: This analysis included data from patients with locally advanced or metastatic ALK+ NSCLC who were resistant or intolerant to at least one ALK inhibitor and had received brigatinib across multiple lines of therapy through the EAP between July 2016 and Nov 7, 2018; most patients were European. Treatment duration was recorded for patients with confirmed discontinuation, as stated on their discontinuation forms. Discontinuation was assumed for patients without confirmed discontinuation if there was a gap of > 120 days between data cutoff and last medication shipment date. Time to treatment discontinuation was estimated from Kaplan-Meier curves. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on whether patients had received prior alectinib, ceritinib, or lorlatinib. Results: A total of 604 patients (42.4% male; median age, 58.0 years) received brigatinib, with the majority receiving brigatinib as a 3+ line agent. Across all lines of therapy, median time to brigatinib discontinuation was 10.95 months (95% CI 8.65 − 13.88). Median time to discontinuation (95% CI) was 8.72 months (7.50 − 14.93) after alectinib (N = 111), 10.33 months (8.13 − 13.62) after ceritinib (N = 249) and 7.5 months (4.47−NE) after lorlatinib (N = 37). Few patients reported discontinuation due to adverse events (N = 4, 0.7%). Conclusions: In the real world, despite a heterogeneous patient population treated with multiple prior ALK inhibitors, time to discontinuation of brigatinib (from all lines) was almost one year. Although complete disease progression status of the patients was absent, this time-to-discontinuation analysis indicates encouraging benefit with a manageable safety profile for brigatinib. Editorial acknowledgement: Jane Kondejewski, PhD, SNELL Medical Communicaiton, Inc. Legal entity responsible for the study: Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. Funding: Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. Disclosure: M.M. Lin, X. Pan, P. Hou, S. Allen, P. Baumann: Employee: Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited which funded this study. M.J. Hochmair: Honoraria: AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Pfizer, Roche; Consulting, advisory roles: Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Roche.
FRI-247-Influence of HCV coinfection and HCV treatment on risk of diabetes mellitus in HIV infected persons
Authors: Lars Peters, Jens D. Lundgren, Juergen Rockstroh, Inka Aho, Gilles Wandeler, Simon Edwards, Karine Lacombe, Jean Paul Viard, Gerd Faetkenheuer, Giovanni Guaraldi, Montserrat Laguno, Josep Llibre, Hila Elinav, Lars Nielsen, Leo Flamholc, Martin Gisinger, Dzmitry Paduta, Irina Khromova, David Jilich, BtaZej Rozptochowski, Cristiana Oprea, Amanda Mocroft
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
Development, scoring and use of a patient questionnaire to measure the practical patient experience within oncology clinical trials.
Authors: Stephanie Manson, Nicola Bonner, Bryan Bennett, Odile Dewit, Geraint Thomas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e20567 Background: Patients are the most integral resource of clinical trials in oncology. However, we rarely ask them formally about their experiences of clinical trial participation. The purpose of this research was to develop and test a patient questionnaire to understand the patient experience in clinical research qualitatively and quantitatively. Methods: Following discussions with oncology patient advocates a draft questionnaire was developed to capture patient experience of participating in a clinical trial. This was supplemented by a literature review and patient focus groups to identify concepts related to patients’ clinical trial experience. The draft questionnaire was refined and cognitive interviews with patients were conducted to finalize the content and structure of the questionnaire. Funding was provided by GSK. Results: The final questionnaire consists of 29 questions. It captures three phases of trial conduct: trial enrolment, trial execution and trial completion. Key concepts include the consent process, the motivation for joining the trial, study visits, site interactions, trial closure and receiving trial results. Patients also indicate which components were most important and have the opportunity for spontaneous feedback. The questionnaire is scored with a total score of 100, which includes all questions where study design or study execution are being questioned. There are separate sub-scores for the different stages of the study (enrolment, execution and completion) as well as sub-scores for components which are protocol mandated versus study site specific. The questionnaire is now being implemented in several oncology and other studies. Conclusions: This questionnaire represents the first time that a formal questionnaire has been developed to capture patient experience during a clinical trial. In addition to providing real-time patient feedback about the quality of our clinical trial design and execution, it also provides insight on which aspects of the trial are most important to patients. By collecting patient feedback on clinical studies, we can improve clinical trials as well as acknowledge the crucial role that the patients play in our studies.
SAT-346-Icosabutate induces a potent reduction in hepatic oxidative stress in rodent models of metabolic stress and fibrosing NASH
Authors: David A. Fraser, Detlef Schuppan, Xiao-Yu Wang, Michael Feigh, Ditte Denker Thorbek, Cristina Alonso, Marta Iruarrizaga-Lejarreta, Nataša Nikolić, Arild Rustan, Tore Skjaeret
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
Vemurafenib in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma.
Authors: Janja Ocvirk, Tanja Mesti, Marko Boc, Martina Rebersek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e20121 Background: This is the registry of patients (pts) with metastatic melanoma (mM) designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of vemurafenib in routine clinical practice. Methods: Baseline characteristics, pre-specified vemurafenib-related adverse events, and efficacy data were collected from 39 mM pts who were treated with vemurafenib. Results: From April 2013 till September 2014, 99 pts were diagnosed with mM, 56 pts had mutation BRAF V600E/K. Almost 70% pts were eligible for vemurafenib therapy (median age 54, males 69%). Vemurafenib was received as first, second or third line treatment by 32 (82%), 4 (10%) and 3 (8%) pts respectively. Distribution by dissemination site was 74% M1c, 16% M1a and 10%M1b. Tumor response data were evaluated based on a range of criteria used in clinical settings (RECIST). Overall response rate (ORR) was 39%, and disease control rate (DCR) was 70%. Complete response (CR) was reported in 5 pts (13%), partial response (PR) in 10 pts (26%) and stable disease (SD) in 12 pts (31%). Median duration of treatment was 5.6 months. Median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 5.1 months (95% CI, 1.6-8.6) and median overall survival (mOS) was 6.9 months (95% CI, 2.1-11.7) with 15 (39%) pts alive at the time of the data analysis and 2 pts (5%) still receiving vemurafenib. More than two third (77%) of the pts had adverse effects related to vemurafenib. Rates of vemurafenib-related grade 1-2/3-4 adverse events were: rash 13/7 (33.3/17.9%), fatigue 5/2 (12.8/5.1%), elevated liver enzymes 4/2 (10.3/5.1%), photosensitivity 3/0 (7.7/0 %). Other vemurafenib adverse effects were grade 1-2: arthralgia 8 (20.5%), renal insufficiency 8 (20.5%), skin sensitivity 8 (20.5%), diarrhea 1 (2.6%), conjuctivitis 1 (2.4%). Only 1 vemurafenib-related squamous cell carcinoma was resected (2.6%). Conclusions: The authors concluded that vemurafenib in patients with mM demonstrated efficacy and good tolerability when used as a first-, second- and third-line treatment in routine clinical practice.
PS-025-Elevated tissue homing of monocytes and increased cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T-cells in immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced hepatitis
Authors: Cathrin L.C. Gudd, Tong Liu, Evangelos Triantafyllou, David J. Pinato, You Yone, Wafa Khamri, Lewis Au, Kevin J. Woollard, Samra Turajlic, Robert D. Goldin, Mark R. Thursz, Charalambos G. Antoniades, Lucia A. Possamai
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
Nonspecificity of gene expression studies in cancer research.
Authors: Garrett Barnard Green, Ruben Carmona, Kaveh Zakeri, Chih-Han Lee, Saif Borgan, Zaid Marhoon, Loren K. Mell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e22046 Background: Gene expression diagnostics are useful for risk-stratifying patients according to their potential to benefit from various treatment approaches. However, observed associations between a biomarker and survival may be unrelated to cancer, resulting in inappropriate overtreatment. Methods: We performed a systematic review using a MEDLINE search of articles published between January 1, 2007 and August 1, 2014, using a previously implemented protocol and following PRISMA reporting guidelines. The time period was chosen to represent contemporary articles indicative of prevailing reporting norms and guidelines. Our primary aim was to estimate the proportion of contemporary gene expression studies reporting effects on cause-specific clinical outcomes. Secondary aims were to estimate how often a primary endpoint could be identified, how often outcomes were defined, and how many articles reported significant effects on clinical outcomes. We selected 10 high impact journals publishing tumor gene expression studies. This search yielded 255 studies. Meta-analyses/reviews, studies in metastatic disease, and commentaries were excluded leaving 85 studies for analysis. For each study included in the analysis, we evaluated whether a cancer-specific outcome was reported and whether the endpoint was clearly defined. Results: Although 81 studies (95%) reported a statistically significant association with at least one clinical outcome, 46 of these (54%, 95% confidence interval: 44%-64%) did not report effects of the biomarker on any cancer-specific outcome, and 28 (33%) did not define the endpoint(s) that was (were) being reported. We observed that studies in genitourinary cancer (p < 0.05) were significantly more likely to report effects on a cancer-specific outcome compared to other disease sites. Conclusions: A high proportion of studies analyzing tumor gene expression profiles do not report cancer-specific effects. This leaves open the possibility that observed associations are not attributable to effects on cancer, potentially leading to inappropriate overtreatment. To determine optimal treatment strategies, it is necessary to distinguish whether cancer or non-cancer events are related to the biomarker effect.
GS-06-Positive Results from REGENERATE: A Phase 3 International, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating Obeticholic Acid Treatment for NASH
Authors: Zobair Younossi, Vlad Ratziu, Rohit Loomba, Mary Rinella, Quentin M. Anstee, Zachary Goodman, Pierre Bedossa, Andreas Geier, Susanne Beckebaum, Philip Newsome, David Sheridan, James Trotter, Whitfield Knapple, Eric Lawitz, Kris Kowdley, Aldo Montano-Loza, Jerome Boursier, Philippe Mathurin, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Guiseppe Mazzella, Antonio Olveira, Helena Cortez-Pinto, Isabel Graupera, David Orr, Lise Lotte Gluud, Jean-Francois Dufour, David Shapiro, Jason Campagna, Luna Zaru, Leigh MacConell, Reshma Shringarpure, Stephen Harrison, Arun Sanyal
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)