tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Prognostic Impact of Ascending Aortic Dilatation in Patients Undergoing TAVR
Authors: Tomoki Ochiai, Sung-Han Yoon, Rahul Sharma, Masaki Miyasaka, Yoshio Maeno, Matthias Raschpichler, Mohammad Kashif, Chinar Patel, Vivek Patel, Takahiro Nomura, Tarun Chakravarty, Mamoo Nakamura, Wen Cheng, Raj Makkar
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2019)
Vaping-associated Pulmonary Illness (VAPI)
Authors: W. Graham Carlos, Laura E. Crotty Alexander, Jane E. Gross, Charles S. Dela Cruz, Jonathan M. Keller, Susan Pasnick, Shazia Jamil
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2019)

"Vaping-associated Pulmonary Illness (VAPI)." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 200(7), pp. P13–P14
Surveillance for Coccidioidomycosis — United States, 2011–2017
Authors: Kaitlin Benedict, Orion Z. McCotter, Shane Brady, Kenneth Komatsu, Gail L. Sondermeyer, None Cooksey, Alyssa Nguyen, Seema Jain, Duc J. Vugia, Brendan R. Jackson
Journal: MMWR Surveillance Summaries (2019)

Coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever) is an infection caused by the environmental fungus Coccidioides spp., which typically causes respiratory illness but also can lead to disseminated disease. This fungus typically lives in soils in warm, arid regions, including the southwestern United States.2011-2017.Coccidioidomycosis has been nationally notifiable since 1995 and is reportable in 26 states and the District of Columbia (DC), where laboratories and physicians notify local and state public health departments about possible coccidioidomycosis cases. Health department staff determine which cases qualify as confirmed cases according to the definition established by Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists and voluntarily submit basic case information to CDC through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System.During 2011-2017, a total of 95,371 coccidioidomycosis cases from 26 states and DC were reported to CDC. The number of cases decreased from 2011 (22,634 cases) to 2014 (8,232 cases) and subsequently increased to 14,364 cases in 2017; >95% of cases were reported from Arizona and California. Reported incidence in Arizona decreased from 261 per 100,000 persons in 2011 to 101 in 2017, whereas California incidence increased from 15.7 to 18.2, and other state incidence rates stayed relatively constant. Patient demographic characteristics were largely consistent with previous years, with an overall predominance among males and among adults aged >60 years in Arizona and adults aged 40-59 years in California.Coccidioidomycosis remains an important national public health problem with a well-established geographic focus. The reasons for the changing trends in reported cases are unclear but might include environmental factors (e.g., temperature and precipitation), surveillance artifacts, land use changes, and changes in the population at risk for the infection.Health care providers should consider a diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis in patients who live or work in or have traveled to areas with known geographic risk for Coccidioides and be aware that those areas might be broader than previously recognized. Coccidioidomycosis surveillance provides important information about the epidemiology of the disease but is incomplete both in terms of geographic coverage and data availability. Expanding surveillance to additional states could help identify emerging areas that pose a risk for locally acquired infections. In Arizona and California, where most cases occur, collecting systematic enhanced data, such as more detailed patient characteristics and disease severity, could help clarify the reasons behind the recent changes in incidence and identify additional opportunities for focused prevention and educational efforts.
Radiation-induced cystitis treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (RICH-ART): a randomised, controlled, phase 2–3 trial
Authors: Nicklas Oscarsson, Bernd Müller, Anders Rosén, Pär Lodding, Johan Mölne, Daniel Giglio, Karin M Hjelle, Guro Vaagbø, Ole Hyldegaard, Michael Vangedal, Lisbeth Salling, Anders Kjellberg, Folke Lind, Otto Ettala, Olli Arola, Helén Seeman-Lodding
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2019)
The Devastating Clinical Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect: Increased Disease Vulnerability and Poor Treatment Response in Mood Disorders
Authors: Elizabeth T.C. Lippard, Charles B. Nemeroff
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2019)

A large body of evidence has demonstrated that exposure to childhood maltreatment at any stage of development can have long-lasting consequences. It is associated with a marked increase in risk for psychiatric and medical disorders. This review summarizes the literature investigating the effects of childhood maltreatment on disease vulnerability for mood disorders, specifically summarizing cross-sectional and more recent longitudinal studies demonstrating that childhood maltreatment is more prevalent and is associated with increased risk for first mood episode, episode recurrence, greater comorbidities, and increased risk for suicidal ideation and attempts in individuals with mood disorders. It summarizes the persistent alterations associated with childhood maltreatment, including alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and inflammatory cytokines, which may contribute to disease vulnerability and a more pernicious disease course. The authors discuss several candidate genes and environmental factors (for example, substance use) that may alter disease vulnerability and illness course and neurobiological associations that may mediate these relationships following childhood maltreatment. Studies provide insight into modifiable mechanisms and provide direction to improve both treatment and prevention strategies.
Comparison of the Clinical Outcomes of Nilotinib and Dasatinib Therapies in Newly Diagnosed Patients in the Chronic Phase of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Noriyoshi Iriyama, Kei-Ji Sugimoto, Eriko Sato, Tomoiku Takaku, Michihide Tokuhira, Tomonori Nakazato, Maho Ishikawa, Hiroyuki Fujita, Yuta Kimura, Isao Fujioka, Norio Asou, Masahiro Kizaki, Norio Komatsu, Yoshihiro Hatta, Tatsuya Kawaguchi
Journal: Blood (2018)
Polypill for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in an Underserved Population
Authors: Daniel Muñoz, Prince Uzoije, Cassandra Reynolds, Roslynn Miller, David Walkley, Susan Pappalardo, Phyllis Tousey, Heather Munro, Holly Gonzales, Wenliang Song, Charles White, William J Blot, Thomas J Wang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

Persons with low socioeconomic status and nonwhite persons in the United States have high rates of cardiovascular disease. The use of combination pills (also called "polypills") containing low doses of medications with proven benefits for the prevention of cardiovascular disease may be beneficial in such persons. However, few data are available regarding the use of polypill therapy in underserved communities in the United States, in which adherence to guideline-based care is generally low.
Treg in GVHD Prophylaxis: Unique Transcription Factor Regulation of Foxp3 Expression in Itreg Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB) Vs Adult (AB) Naive CD4 T Cells
Authors: Jeong-Su Do, Fei Zhong, Twishari Dasgupta, Wouter van't Hof, Marcie Finney, Mary Laughlin
Journal: Blood (2017)
Burden of non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, 1990–2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Authors: Hebe N Gouda, Fiona Charlson, Katherine Sorsdahl, Sanam Ahmadzada, Alize J Ferrari, Holly Erskine, Janni Leung, Damian Santamauro, Crick Lund, Leopold Ndemnge Aminde, Bongani M Mayosi, Andre Pascal Kengne, Meredith Harris, Tom Achoki, Charles S Wiysonge, Dan J Stein, Harvey Whiteford
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2019)

Although the burden of disease in sub-Saharan Africa continues to be dominated by infectious diseases, countries in this region are undergoing a demographic transition leading to increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). To inform health system responses to these changing patterns of disease, we aimed to assess changes in the burden of NCDs in sub-Saharan Africa from 1990 to 2017.We used data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 to analyse the burden of NCDs in sub-Saharan Africa in terms of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs)-with crude counts as well as all-age and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population-with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We examined changes in burden between 1990 and 2017, and differences across age, sex, and regions. We also compared the observed NCD burden across countries with the expected values based on a country's Socio-demographic Index.All-age total DALYs due to NCDs increased by 67·0% between 1990 (90·6 million [95% UI 81·0-101·9]) and 2017 (151·3 million [133·4-171·8]), reflecting an increase in the proportion of total DALYs attributable to NCDs (from 18·6% [95% UI 17·1-20·4] to 29·8% [27·6-32·0] of the total burden). Although most of this increase can be explained by population growth and ageing, the age-standardised DALY rate (per 100 000 population) due to NCDs in 2017 (21 757·7 DALYs [95% UI 19 377·1-24 380·7]) was almost equivalent to that of communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases (26 491·6 DALYs [25 165·2-28 129·8]). Cardiovascular diseases were the second leading cause of NCD burden in 2017, resulting in 22·9 million (21·5-24·3) DALYs (15·1% of the total NCD burden), after the group of disorders categorised as other NCDs (28·8 million [25·1-33·0] DALYs, 19·1%). These categories were followed by neoplasms, mental disorders, and digestive diseases. Although crude DALY rates for all NCDs have decreased slightly across sub-Saharan Africa, age-standardised rates are on the rise in some countries (particularly those in southern sub-Saharan Africa) and for some NCDs (such as diabetes and some cancers, including breast and prostate cancer).NCDs in sub-Saharan Africa are posing an increasing challenge for health systems, which have to date largely focused on tackling infectious diseases and maternal, neonatal, and child deaths. To effectively address these changing needs, countries in sub-Saharan Africa require detailed epidemiological data on NCDs.Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, National Health and Medical Research Centre (Australia).
Problems in Dynamic Psychology. A Critique of Psychoanalysis and Suggested Formulations.
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Microglia: Same same, but different
Authors: Katrin Kierdorf, Marco Prinz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2019)

Microglial identity in the central nervous system (CNS) is dependent on colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) signaling and its ligands IL-34 and colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1). In this issue of JEM, Kana et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20182037) make the important discovery that CSF-1, but not IL-34, orchestrates cerebellar microglial homeostasis in mice, and its deficiency resulted in severe cerebellar dysfunctions accompanied by defects in motor function and social behavior.
Atlas of Syphilis and Venereal Diseases, including a Brief Treatise on the Pathology and Treatment.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Periostin Supports Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells and Niche-Dependent Myeloblastoma Cells In Vitro
Authors: Akio Maekawa, Natsumi Hasegawa, Satowa Tanaka, Leo Matsubara, Azusa Imanishi, Masaya Yano, Robert Roeder, Shigetaka Asano, Mitsuhiro Ito
Journal: Blood (2016)
Bioengineered Autologous Dendritic Cells Enhance CAR T Cell Cytotoxicity By Providing Cytokine Stimulation and Intratumoral Dendritic Cells
Authors: Hyung C Suh, Katherine A. Pohl, Christina Termini, Jenny Kan, John M. Timmerman, Dennis J. Slamon, John P Chute
Journal: Blood (2018)
Depression and anxiety symptoms in bereaved caregivers of patients with advanced cancer.
Authors: Olivia Vanbenschoten, Joseph Greer, Vicki Jackson, Mihir Kamdar, Emily R. Gallagher, Maya V. Anand, Jennifer S. Temel, Areej El-Jawahri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

11623 Background: Caregivers of patients with advanced cancer experience substantial caregiving burden and psychological distress during the illness course. However, data on depression and anxiety symptoms in bereaved caregivers and factors associated with their psychological distress are lacking. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of 168 caregivers enrolled in a randomized trial of early palliative care integrated with oncology care versus oncology care alone for patients newly-diagnosed with incurable lung and non-colorectal gastrointestinal cancers and their caregivers who completed bereavement assessments at 3 months after their loved one’s death. We used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to assess patients’ and caregivers’ depression and anxiety symptoms at baseline within 8 weeks of diagnosis, and at 3-4 months after the patient’s death (for caregivers). We asked caregivers to rate patient’s physical and psychological distress in the last week of life on a 10-point scale. We used linear regression adjusting for randomization and cancer type to explore associations between patient and caregiver factors and bereaved caregivers’ depression and anxiety. Results: 30.4% (51/168) and 43.4% (73/168) of bereaved caregivers reported clinically significant depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Younger patient age (B = -0.06, P = 0.041), higher patient baseline anxiety (B = 0.28, P = 0.002), and caregiver rating of worse physical (B = 0.28, P = 0.035) and psychological (B = 0.41, P &lt; 0.001) distress experienced by the patient at the end of life (EOL) were associated with worse depression symptoms in bereaved caregivers. Only caregiver factors, including age (B = -0.07, P = 0.004), female sex (B = 1.60, P = 0.024), and rating of worse psychological distress experienced by the patient at the EOL (B = 0.42, P &lt; 0.001) were associated with worse bereaved caregivers’ anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: Bereaved caregivers of patients with advanced cancer experience substantial psychological distress which is associated with their perceptions of their loved one’s distress at the EOL. Interventions to optimize EOL care for patients and reduce bereaved caregivers’ psychological distress are needed.
Dilemma-High Response Rates Vs High Toxicity: Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Lymphoma
Authors: Erden Atilla, Selami Kocak Toprak, Sinem Civriz Bozdag, Meltem Yuksel, Pervin Topcuoglu, Hamdi Akan, Onder Arslan, Taner Demirer, Meral Beksac, Osman Ilhan, Muhit Ozcan, Gunhan Gurman
Journal: Blood (2017)
Analysis of Computed Tomography Radiation Doses Used for Lung Cancer Screening Scans
Authors: Joshua Demb, Philip Chu, Sophronia Yu, Robin Whitebird, Leif Solberg, Diana L. Miglioretti, Rebecca Smith-Bindman
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2019)

The American College of Radiology (ACR) has recognized the importance of minimizing radiation doses used for lung cancer screening (LCS) computed tomography (CT). However, without standard protocols, doses could still be unnecessarily high, reducing screening margin of benefit.To characterize LCS CT radiation doses and identify factors explaining variation.We prospectively collected LCS examination dose metrics, from 2016 to 2017, at US institutions in the University of California, San Francisco International Dose Registry. Institution-level factors were collected through baseline survey. Mixed-effects linear and logistic regression models were estimated using forward variable selection. Results are presented as percentage excess dose and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The analysis was conducted between 2018 and 2019.Log-transformed measures of (1) mean volume CT dose index (CTDIvol, mGy), reflecting the average radiation dose per slice; (2) mean effective dose (ED, mSv), reflecting the total dose received and estimated future cancer risk; (3) proportion of CT scans using radiation doses above ACR benchmarks (CTDIvol >3 mGy, ED >1 mSv); and (4) proportion of CT scans using radiation doses above 75th percentile of registry doses (CTDIvol >2.7 mGy, ED >1.4 mSv).Data were collected for 12 529 patients undergoing LCS CT scans performed at 72 institutions. Overall, 7232 participants (58%) were men, and the median age was 65 years (interquartile range [IQR], 60-70). Of 72 institutions, 15 (21%) had median CTDIvol and 47 (65%) had median ED above ACR guidelines. Institutions allowing any radiologists to establish protocols had 44% higher mean CTDIvol (mean dose difference [MDD], 44%; 95% CI, 19%-69%) and 27% higher mean ED (MDD, 27%; 95% CI, 5%-50%) vs those limiting who established protocols. Institutions allowing any radiologist to establish protocols had higher odds of examinations exceeding ACR CTDIvol guidelines (OR, 12.0; 95% CI, 2.0-71.4), and 75th percentile of registry CTDIvol (OR, 19.0; 95% CI, 1.9-186.7) or ED (OR, 8.5; 95% CI, 1.7-42.9). Having lead radiologists establish protocols resulted in lower odds of doses exceeding ACR ED guidelines (OR, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.001-0.1). Employing external vs internal medical physicists was associated with increased odds of exceeding ACR CTDIvol guidelines (OR, 6.1; 95% CI, 1.8-20.8). Having medical physicists establish protocols was associated with decreased odds of exceeding 75th percentile of registry CTDIvol (OR, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.01-0.59). Institutions reporting protocol updates as needed had 27% higher mean CTDIvol (MDD, 27%; 95% CI, 8%-45%).Facilities varied in LCS CT radiation dose distributions. Institutions limiting protocol creation to lead radiologists and having internal medical physicists had lower doses.
A new paradigm for the development of PKCε-targeted small-molecule cancer therapeutics
Authors: Feng Chu, Ryuji Kobayashi, Catherine A. O’brian
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

2193  Critical roles played by protein kinase C-epsilon (PKCe) in neoplastic transformation and progression provide a rationale for developing selective, small-molecule PKCe inhibitors as antineoplastic drugs. PKCe is cytoprotective against death receptor- and mitochondrial- triggered apoptosis in human breast, NSCLC (lung), and other cancer cell lines. Consistent with its anti-apoptotic role in cancer cells in vitro, PKCe is oncogenic and pro-metastatic in transgenic mice. Furthermore, elevated PKCe expression is a predictive biomarker of aggressive human breast cancer that is significantly associated with estrogen receptor-negative status, disease recurrence and cancer mortality. Several groups have generated PKCe knockout mice that are healthy and fertile, which supports the notion that PKCe-targeted cancer therapy would likely be well tolerated. Unfortunately, attempts to design selective PKCe inhibitors, e.g., small-molecule ATP-competitive inhibitors, have not met with success. We now report an innovative strategy for selective PKCe inhibitor development that nullifies PKCepsilon activity by permanent modification of an active-site cysteine residue (Cys452) that is conserved in only ELEVEN of the several hundred protein kinase genes in the human genome. We previously established that physiological disulfides such as cystamine inactivate PKCe by thiol-disulfide exchange. We now report that replacement of the active-site residue Cys452 with Ala, by site-specific mutagenesis of either human PKCe or a constitutively active PKCe truncation mutant, renders PKCe resistant to inactivation in disulfide-treated cells. Mass spectrometric analysis of peptide digests of cystamine-inactivated PKCe detected a peptide S-cysteaminylated at Cys452, indicating that Cys452 S-cysteaminylation is a stable modification. These results provided compelling structural evidence that Cys452 S-thiolation was necessary and sufficient for PKCe inactivation, i.e., inactivation did not require S-cysteaminyl-Cys452 rearrangement to an intra-protein disulfide. In corroboration of this, we established that PKCe inactivation by the alkylating agent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) was Cys452-dependent in NEM-treated cells and NEM-treated cell lysates. Hence, PKCe activity can be nullified by small molecules that permanently modify Cys452. In principle, small-molecules designed to bind protein kinase active-sites in an orientation that positions an electrophilic substituent proximal to the side-chain of Cys452 would only need to distinguish PKCe from the other ten human protein kinases that conserve Cys452 to selectively and permanently inhibit PKCe. We propose permanent Cys452 modification as a new paradigm for the development of PKCepsilon-targeted cancer therapeutics.
Post-translational modification of SOX family proteins: Key biochemical targets in cancer?
Authors: Charles A.C. Williams, Abdenour Soufi, Steven M. Pollard
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2019)

Sox proteins are a family of lineage-associated transcription factors. They regulate expression of genes involved in control of self-renewal and multipotency in both developmental and adult stem cells. Overexpression of Sox proteins is frequently observed in many different human cancers. Despite their importance as therapeutic targets, Sox proteins are difficult to 'drug' using structure-based design. However, Sox protein localisation, activity and interaction partners are regulated by a plethora of post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as: phosphorylation, acetylation, sumoylation, methylation, and ubiquitylation. Here we review the various reported post-translational modifications of Sox proteins and their potential functional importance in guiding cell fate processes. The enzymes that regulate these PTMs could be useful targets for anti-cancer drug discovery.