tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pheochromocytoma in Pregnancy
Authors: Michael I. Weintraub
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  The presence of pheochromocytoma in association with pregnancy is a lethal combination unless diagnosed and treated early as by Griffith et al (229:437, 1974) in their report Successful Control of Pheochromocytoma in Pregnancy. The importance of early recognition cannot be overemphasized when there is a 50% mortality risk to mother and fetus.  In an extensive review of the neurological complications of pheochromocytoma in pregnancy, we were impressed with the relative frequency of severe, pulsatile headaches, profuse sweating, and elevation of body temperature in patients harboring this tumor ( Am J Obstet Gynecol 107:423, 1970). However, it must be realized that there is no clear-cut symptom complex that is consistently present in these patients. Consequently, this tumor has become one of the great imitators of clinical medicine.  Several misconceptions surrounding this tumor have continued to be propagated and have resulted in a delay in diagnosis. Hypertension is found in
Subcutaneous Heparin Compared with Continuous Intravenous Heparin Administration in the Initial Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Daan W. Hommes, Alessandra Bura, Lucia Mazzolai, Harry R. Büller, Jan W. ten Cate
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To quantitatively assess the efficacy and safety of published randomized trials comparing subcutaneous heparin with continuous intravenous heparin for the initial treatment of deep vein thrombosis. Data Identification: Studies published between January 1966 and April 1991 were identified through computer searches of the MEDLINE database and through reviews of the Science Citation Index, Current Contents, proceedings and abstract books, and references cited in the identified articles. Complete manuscripts were obtained from the authors if only abstracts were available. Study Selection: Eight clinical trials were identified that compared subcutaneous with intravenous heparin administration in patients with venographically confirmed deep vein thrombosis. Data Extraction: Each study was independently analyzed for the percentage distribution of thrombosis, the method of outcome measurement, and the heparin dose. The methodologic strength of each study was assessed using predefined standards for the proper evaluation of a therapeutic intervention with particular emphasis on the type of patient allocation and objective measurements. Results of Data Analysis: The overall relative risk for efficacy (defined as prevention of extension and recurrence of venous thromboembolism) of subcutaneous compared with intravenous heparin treatment was 0.62 (95% Cl, 0.39 to 0.98), whereas for safety (defined as major hemorrhage) it was 0.79 (Cl, 0.42 to 1.48). Conclusions: The results of our meta-analysis indicated that heparin administered subcutaneously twice daily in the initial treatment of deep vein thrombosis is more effective and at least as safe as continuous intravenous heparin administration. Administration of heparin subcutaneously may simplify patient treatment and could facilitate home treatment.
FABP5 promotes lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer by reprogramming fatty acid metabolism
Authors: Chunyu Zhang, Yuandong Liao, Pan Liu, Qiqiao Du, Yanchun Liang, Shiyin Ooi, Shuhang Qin, Shanyang He, Shuzhong Yao, Wei Wang
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Patients with cervical cancer (CCa) with lymph node metastasis (LNM) have an extremely poor prognosis. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying LNM may provide clinical therapeutic strategies for CCa. Upregulation of fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) expression in CCa tumours was demonstrated to positively correlate with LNM. However, the precise role and mechanisms of FABP5 in the LNM of CCa remain unknown. Methods: The diagnostic value of FABP5 as a predictor of LNM in CCa was evaluated in CCa tumour samples. The functional role of FABP5 and its upstream and downstream regulatory factors were investigated by gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays in vitro and in vivo. A mouse model of LNM was used to determine the effect of FABP5 on LNM and the therapeutic value of FABP5 targeting. Results: We demonstrated that FABP5 was markedly upregulated in CCa with LNM and correlated with poor prognosis. FABP5 protein was an independent predictor of LNM in a multivariate logistic analysis. Furthermore, FABP5 promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition, lymphangiogenesis, and LNM by reprogramming fatty acid (FA) metabolism. Mechanistically, FABP5 promoted lipolysis and FA synthesis, which led to an increase in intracellular fatty acids (FAs) that activated NF-κB signalling, thus inducing LNM. Importantly, administration of orlistat, which attenuates FA metabolism reprogramming, inhibited FABP5-induced LNM in CCa. The pro-metastatic effect of FABP5 was reduced by miR-144-3p. Moreover, miR-144-3p was significantly downregulated and FABP5 was upregulated in CCa in a hypoxic microenvironment. Conclusion: Our findings highlight a FA metabolism-dependent mechanism of FABP5-induced LNM. Moreover, the expression and biological function of FABP5 can be regulated by miR-144-3p in hypoxia. Our study identifies FABP5 as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for LNM in CCa.
Genome-wide non-HLA donor-recipient genetic differences influence renal allograft survival via early allograft fibrosis
Authors: Zhongyang Zhang, Madhav C. Menon, Weijia Zhang, Eli Stahl, Bao-Li Loza, Ivy A. Rosales, Zhengzi Yi, Khadija Banu, Felipe Garzon, Zeguo Sun, Chengguo Wei, Weiqing Huang, Qisheng Lin, Ajay Israni, Brendan J. Keating, Robert B. Colvin, Ke Hao, Barbara Murphy
Journal: Kidney International (2020)
Erratum. 2019 Update to: Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2018. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care 2020;43:487–493
Authors: John B. Buse, Deborah J. Wexler, Apostolos Tsapas, Peter Rossing, Geltrude Mingrone, Chantal Mathieu, David A. D’Alessio, Melanie J. Davies
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), or heart failure (HF).
The availability of CO detectors [corrected]
Authors: J. Diller
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> — Dr Carey's research was reviewed by a scientific panel of experts, which I chaired. We concluded that the work was valid and should be continued. Another panel from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons also reviewed his work and came to the same conclusion. Representative Livingston's comments seem largely irrelevant. The issue is whether the research is worthwhile. The answer according to the panel that reviewed Dr Carey's work was that it was.
Comparison of three different bone graft methods for single segment lumbar tuberculosis: A retrospective single-center cohort study
Authors: Xing Du, Yun-sheng Ou, Shuai Xu, Bin He, Wei Luo, Dian-ming Jiang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2020)

To compare the clinical efficacy of one stage posterior debridement with iliac bone graft, titanium mesh bone graft or granular bone graft in the surgical treatment of single segment lumbar tuberculosis.Ninety-eight patients who underwent one stage posterior debridement, bone graft and internal fixation for single segment lumbar tuberculosis from 2015 to 2018 were involved in this study, involving 32 case in iliac bone graft group, 32 case in titanium mesh bone graft group and 34 cases in granular bone graft group. The primary outcomes involved operative time, operative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein (CRP), ASIA grade and postoperative complications. The secondary outcomes were Cobb angle correction and loss, and bone graft fusion time. All the outcomes were recorded and analyzed.Compared with iliac bone graft and titanium mesh bone graft group, granular bone graft had shorter operative time (P = 0.003), less operative blood loss (P = 0.010) and shorter bone graft fusion time (P < 0.001). With the follow-up of 14-36 months, the VAS score, ESR, CRP and neurological function in the three groups were all significantly improved (P < 0.05). The bone graft fusion time of the granular bone graft group was significantly shorter than iliac bone graft group and titanium mesh bone graft (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were found in the correction and loss of Cobb angle, and the incidence of complications among the three groups (n.s.).Granular bone graft has less surgical trauma and shorter bone graft fusion time compared with iliac bone graft and titanium mesh bone graft in the surgical treatment of single segment lumbar tuberculosis. The three methods may achieve comparable clinical efficacy in alleviating symptoms, correcting kyphosis and improving neurological function for appropriate cases.
Effect of Supplementation With High-Selenium Yeast on Plasma Lipids
Authors: Margaret P. Rayman, Saverio Stranges, Bruce A. Griffin, Roberto Pastor-Barriuso, Eliseo Guallar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Cross-sectional studies have linked selenium levels to blood cholesterol levels. In this randomized trial, investigators found that selenium supplementation was associated with modest reductions in...
Clinicians' Perspectives on Providing Emergency-Only Hemodialysis to Undocumented Immigrants
Authors: Lilia Cervantes, Sara Richardson, Rajeev Raghavan, Nova Hou, Romana Hasnain-Wynia, Matthew K. Wynia, Catherine Kleiner, Michel Chonchol, Allison Tong
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

Nearly half of undocumented immigrants with end-stage kidney disease in the United States receive hemodialysis only when they are evaluated in an emergency department and are found to have life-thr...
Covid-19: Brazil now has third highest number of cases behind US and Russia
Authors: Rodrigo de Oliveira Andrade
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Brazil has overtaken the UK to become the country with the third highest number of confirmed covid-19 cases, behind only the US and Russia. Data from the Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus ResearchCenter 1 show that Brazil had 19 951 new cases as of 20 May, taking its total number of cases to 291 579.These numbers are thought to be an underestimation, however, as the country has not been able to improve its testing capacity.Brazil also recorded more than a thousand daily deaths from the disease for the first time, with 1179 reported on 19 May, and 18 859 in total.
Successful endoscopic removal of a fully covered self-expandable metallic stent that fractured above a benign distal bile duct stricture
Authors: Masatoshi Murakami, Nao Fujimori, Yuta Suehiro, Tomonobu Hioki, Kazuhide Matsumoto, Takamasa Oono, Yoshihiro Ogawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

A 45-year-old man underwent placement of a 10-mm-diameter, fully covered, self-expandable metallic stent (FCSEMS; 6-cm-long Bonastent M-intraductal; Medico’s Hirata, Tokyo, Japan) across the major duodenal papilla to treat a bile duct stricture associated with chronic pancreatitis ([Fig. 1 a]). Four months later, he was admitted to our hospital for removal of the FCSEMS. However, abdominal X-ray and duodenoscopy revealed that the stent had fractured in the mid-portion and the inferior end was located above the distal bile duct stricture ([Fig.1 b]). Because of the benign stricture, it was necessary to retrieve the stent remnants. We attempted to achieve this by several methods, using grasping forceps or balloon catheters, but encountered great difficulty when the fractured stent became stuck in the stricture. After several attempts, we were able to grasp the bottom edge of the fractured stent using biopsy forceps (Radial Jaw 4P; Boston Scientific, Boston, Massachusetts, USA) and remove it through the distal bile duct stricture without any complications by gentle pushing of the endoscope (in the same way as a lithotripsy: twisting the endoscope clockwise while advancing it to the anal side of the duodenum) ([Fig. 2]). Finally, we succeeded in extracting the stent using a snare through the scope.
91P Gene expression profiling in localised luminal N+ breast cancer: Efficacy and utility of 50 gene expression platform in adjuvant treatment decision making
Authors: P. Tolosa Ortega, A. Sánchez-Torre, L. Carril-Ajuria, M. Herrera, Á. Ruiz, E. Bernal, L. Lema, L. Manso, E.M. Ciruelos
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Genomic Profiling of Smoldering Multiple Myeloma Identifies Patients at a High Risk of Disease Progression
Authors: Mark Bustoros, Romanos Sklavenitis-Pistofidis, Jihye Park, Robert Redd, Benny Zhitomirsky, Andrew J. Dunford, Karma Salem, Yu-Tzu Tai, Shankara Anand, Tarek H. Mouhieddine, Selina J. Chavda, Cody Boehner, Liudmila Elagina, Carl Jannes Neuse, Justin Cha, Mahshid Rahmat, Amaro Taylor-Weiner, Eliezer Van Allen, Shaji Kumar, Efstathis Kastritis, Ignaty Leshchiner, Elizabeth A. Morgan, Jacob Laubach, Tineke Casneuf, Paul Richardson, Nikhil C. Munshi, Kenneth C. Anderson, Lorenzo Trippa, François Aguet, Chip Stewart, Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos, Kwee Yong, P. Leif Bergsagel, Salomon Manier, Gad Getz, Irene M. Ghobrial
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

PURPOSE Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is a precursor condition of multiple myeloma (MM) with a 10% annual risk of progression. Various prognostic models exist for risk stratification; however, those are based on solely clinical metrics. The discovery of genomic alterations that underlie disease progression to MM could improve current risk models. METHODS We used next-generation sequencing to study 214 patients with SMM. We performed whole-exome sequencing on 166 tumors, including 5 with serial samples, and deep targeted sequencing on 48 tumors. RESULTS We observed that most of the genetic alterations necessary for progression have already been acquired by the diagnosis of SMM. Particularly, we found that alterations of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway ( KRAS and NRAS single nucleotide variants [SNVs]), the DNA repair pathway (deletion 17p, TP53, and ATM SNVs), and MYC (translocations or copy number variations) were all independent risk factors of progression after accounting for clinical risk staging. We validated these findings in an external SMM cohort by showing that patients who have any of these three features have a higher risk of progressing to MM. Moreover, APOBEC associated mutations were enriched in patients who progressed and were associated with a shorter time to progression in our cohort. CONCLUSION SMM is a genetically mature entity whereby most driver genetic alterations have already occurred, which suggests the existence of a right-skewed model of genetic evolution from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to MM. We identified and externally validated genomic predictors of progression that could distinguish patients at high risk of progression to MM and, thus, improve on the precision of current clinical models.
Comparison of Three Sequencing Panels Used for the Assessment of Tumor Mutational Burden in NSCLC Reveals Low Comparability
Authors: Simon Heeke, Jonathan Benzaquen, Véronique Hofman, Elodie Long-Mira, Virginie Lespinet, Olivier Bordone, Charles-Hugo Marquette, Hervé Delingette, Marius Ilié, Paul Hofman
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2020)
Metabolomics and Proteomics in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zsu-Zsu Chen, Robert E. Gerszten
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)

The persistent increase in the worldwide burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and the accompanying rise of its complications, including cardiovascular disease, necessitates our understanding of the metabolic disturbances that cause diabetes mellitus. Metabolomics and proteomics, facilitated by recent advances in high-throughput technologies, have given us unprecedented insight into circulating biomarkers of T2D even over a decade before overt disease. These markers may be effective tools for diabetes mellitus screening, diagnosis, and prognosis. As participants of metabolic pathways, metabolite and protein markers may also highlight pathways involved in T2D development. The integration of metabolomics and proteomics with genomics in multiomics strategies provides an analytical method that can begin to decipher causal associations. These methods are not without their limitations; however, with careful study design and sample handling, these methods represent powerful scientific tools that can be leveraged for the study of T2D. In this article, we aim to give a timely overview of circulating metabolomics and proteomics findings with T2D observed in large human population studies to provide the reader with a snapshot into these emerging fields of research.
Vasomotor-like Paroxysms
Authors: Mardoqueo I. Salomon
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was much interested in the perplexing case of vasomotorlike manifestations in a hypertensive patient (228:625, 1974). I have a similar case that, I hope, will interest your readers. A 39-year-old Puerto Rican man, hitherto in good shape but rather "nervous," started to complain of sudden, unexpected episodes of tremulousness, palpitation, sweating, and abdominal pains. No known "triggering cause" for these episodes could be found. During these episodes, his face would flush, and his blood pressure rise to about 180/110 mm Hg although he is usually normotensive. He is a nonsmoker and nondrinker. The following diagnoses were considered: (1) pheochromocytoma and (2) carcinoid syndrome (in spite of the hypertension). When these diagnoses could not be substantiated, a diencephalic syndrome was investigated. Thus, an extensive neurologic survey was undertaken, and in spite of negative results, antiepileptic treatment was instituted "just in case"—but in vain. Finally, I prescribed cyproheptadine,
Septicemia from Concomitant Infection with Trypanosoma Cruzi and Neisseria Perflava
Journal: JAMA (1963)

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Oral High-Dose Multivitamins and Minerals After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Gervasio A. Lamas, Robin Boineau, Christine Goertz, Daniel B. Mark, Yves Rosenberg, Mario Stylianou, Theodore Rozema, Richard L. Nahin, Lauren Lindblad, Eldrin F. Lewis, Jeanne Drisko, Kerry L. Lee
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Whether high-dose vitamins and minerals reduce cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction (MI) is not known. This randomized trial found that time to recurrent MI, stroke, coronary revascula...
A phase 2b, randomized clinical trial of tapinarof cream for the treatment of plaque psoriasis: Secondary efficacy and patient-reported outcomes
Authors: Linda Stein Gold, Neal Bhatia, Anna M. Tallman, David S. Rubenstein
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)

BackgroundTapinarof cream is a topical therapeutic aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulating agent under investigation for treatment of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.MethodsIn a phase 2b, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study, adults with plaque psoriasis were randomized to tapinarof cream 0.5% or 1% once or twice daily or vehicle once or twice daily for 12 weeks with 4-week follow-up. Efficacy outcomes included Physician Global Assessment (PGA) scores, change in PGA and total target lesion grading scores, and proportion of patients achieving ≥50%, ≥75%, and ≥90% reductions in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index scores from baseline (PASI50, PASI75, and PASI90).ResultsAt week 12, improvements were observed in all tapinarof groups vs vehicle in PGA response, change in PGA and total target lesion grading scores, PASI50 (71%-92% vs 10%-32%), PASI75 (46%-65% vs 5%-16%), and PASI90 (18%-40% vs 0%); all differences were statistically significant with tapinarof 1% once daily. Tapinarof responses were apparent from week 2, with significant efficacy at week 8 maintained through week 16. Most adverse events were mild or moderate.LimitationsThe analyses reported require confirmation in larger prospective studies.ConclusionsTapinarof may represent an important advance in the development of topical medicines for treatment of psoriasis. Tapinarof cream is a topical therapeutic aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulating agent under investigation for treatment of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. In a phase 2b, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study, adults with plaque psoriasis were randomized to tapinarof cream 0.5% or 1% once or twice daily or vehicle once or twice daily for 12 weeks with 4-week follow-up. Efficacy outcomes included Physician Global Assessment (PGA) scores, change in PGA and total target lesion grading scores, and proportion of patients achieving ≥50%, ≥75%, and ≥90% reductions in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index scores from baseline (PASI50, PASI75, and PASI90). At week 12, improvements were observed in all tapinarof groups vs vehicle in PGA response, change in PGA and total target lesion grading scores, PASI50 (71%-92% vs 10%-32%), PASI75 (46%-65% vs 5%-16%), and PASI90 (18%-40% vs 0%); all differences were statistically significant with tapinarof 1% once daily. Tapinarof responses were apparent from week 2, with significant efficacy at week 8 maintained through week 16. Most adverse events were mild or moderate. The analyses reported require confirmation in larger prospective studies. Tapinarof may represent an important advance in the development of topical medicines for treatment of psoriasis.
A hematoma caused by an excessively superficial injection: go under the red bleb!
Authors: Jérémie Albouys, Sophie Geyl, Aurélie Charissoux, Véronique Loustaud-Ratti, Romain Legros, Mathieu Pioche, Jérémie Jacques
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Effective submucosal injection is key for efficient and safe endoscopic resection, such as endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Deep injection into the muscularis propria is dangerous and may result in a false non-lifting sign. A too superficial injection in the muscularis mucosae is a classic issue, associated with rapid poor lifting and a hematoma of the muscularis mucosa caused by injury to the extensive vascularization. Such a situation complicates many endoscopic resections [1]. During EMR, the scenario may compromise technical success because the lesion is not lifted. During ESD, the difficulty increases because of major bleeding and loss of the dissection plan.