tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>In vivo</i> demonstration of pulmonary microvascular involvement in COVID-19 using dual-energy computed tomography
Authors: Salim Si-Mohamed, Nader Chebib, Monica Sigovan, Lea Zumbihl, Ségoléne Turquier, Sara Boccalini, Loic Boussel, Jean-Francois Mornex, Vincent Cottin, Philippe Douek
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>In COVID-19 pneumonia, dual-energy computed tomography has shown two patterns of lung perfusion along the course of the disease: an increase in perfusion blood volume (PBV) with ground-glass opacities and a decrease in PBV with consolidation</b>https://bit.ly/2Zh0XcI
High 18F-FDOPA PET Uptake in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
Authors: Betty Salgues, Elsa Kaphan, Elicia Molines, Gilles Brun, Eric Guedj
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

We present a 42-year-old woman with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and strong F-FDOPA PET uptake. F-FDOPA PET has high diagnostic accuracy in gliomas and brain metastases. The L-type amino acid transporter 1, targeted by F-FDOPA and C-MET PET, is a cell-type transporter usually upregulated in malignant tumors, including PCNSL. In this line, strong uptake was already shown with C-MET in PCNSL. We report the same findings with F-FDOPA. Consequently, PCNSL is a possible differential neoplastic diagnosis of F-FDOPA uptake among neoplastic lesions.
Emerging role of endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver biopsy
Authors: John David Chetwood, Sanjivan Mudaliar, Dominic Staudenmann, Joo-Shik Shin, Ken Liu, Avik Majumdar, Arthur Kaffes, Simone Strasser, Geoffrey W McCaughan, Payal Saxena
Journal: Gut (2020)

We read with interest the recent guidelines by Neuberger et al 1 and would like to congratulate the authors on a comprehensive review of the use of liver biopsy in clinical practice. However, we were disappointed that the emerging role of endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver biopsy (EUS-LB) was understated in the recommendations.

EUS-LB has been shown to give histological diagnosis rates of 93.9% with an adverse event rate of 2.3%,2–5 with less patient discomfort when compared with percutaneous liver biopsy (PC-LB).5 We feel the guidelines should also include other potential benefits of EUS-LB over PC-LB that were not mentioned.

The key role of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is already well established in assessment of the pancreas and pancreatic lesions.6 Furthermore, EUS is superior to CT for sampling ascites, due to better …
Association between metabolic surgery and cardiovascular outcome in patients with hypertension: A nationwide matched cohort study
Authors: Erik Stenberg, Yang Cao, Richard Marsk, Magnus Sundbom, Tomas Jernberg, Erik Näslund
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2020)

Background Hypertension, together with obesity, is a leading cause of mortality and disability. Whilst metabolic surgery offers remission of several metabolic comorbidities, the effect for patients with hypertension remains controversial. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of metabolic surgery on cardiovascular events and mortality on patients with morbid obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 35 kg/m2) and hypertension. Methods and findings We conducted a matched cohort study of 11,863 patients with morbid obesity and pharmacologically treated hypertension operated on with metabolic surgery and a matched non-operated–on control group of 26,199 subjects with hypertension (matched by age, sex, and area of residence) of varied matching ratios from 1:1 to 1:9, using data from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Register (SOReg), the Swedish National Patient Registers (NPR) for in-hospital and outpatient care, the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, and Statistics Sweden. The main outcome was major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), defined as first occurrence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) event, cerebrovascular event, fatal cardiovascular event, or unattended sudden cardiac death. The mean age in the study group was 52.1 ± 7.46 years, with 65.8% being women (n = 7,810), and mean BMI was 41.9 ± 5.43 kg/m2. MACEs occurred in 379 operated-on patients (3.2%) and 1,125 subjects in the control group (4.5%). After adjustment for duration of hypertension, comorbidities, and education, a reduction in risk was seen in the metabolic surgery group (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.73, 95% confidence intervals [CIs] 0.64–0.84, P < 0.001). The surgery group had lower risk for ACS events (adjusted HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.41–0.66, P < 0.001) and a tendency towards lower risk for cerebrovascular events (adjusted HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.63–1.01, P = 0.060) compared with controls. The main limitations with the study were the lack of information on BMI and history of smoking in the control group and the nonrandomised study design. Conclusion Metabolic surgery on patients with morbid obesity and pharmacologically treated hypertension was associated with lower risk for MACEs and all-cause mortality compared with age- and sex-matched controls with hypertension from the general population.
Tissue-resident PSGL1loCD4+ T cells promote B cell differentiation and chronic graft-versus-host disease–associated autoimmunity
Authors: Xiaohui Kong, Deye Zeng, Xiwei Wu, Bixin Wang, Shijie Yang, Qingxiao Song, Yongping Zhu, Martha Salas, Hanjun Qin, Ubaydah Nasri, Karen M. Haas, Arthur D. Riggs, Ryotaro Nakamura, Paul J. Martin, Aimin Huang, Defu Zeng
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

CD4+ T cell interactions with B cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus and chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). Extrafollicular CD44hiCD62LloPSGL1loCD4+ T cells (PSGL1loCD4+ T cells) are associated with the pathogenesis of lupus and cGVHD, but their causal role has not been established. With murine and humanized MHC-/-HLA-A2+DR4+ murine models of cGVHD, we showed that murine and human PSGL1loCD4+ T cells from GVHD target tissues have features of B cell helpers with upregulated expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) and inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS) and production of IL-21. They reside in nonlymphoid tissues without circulating in the blood and have features of tissue-resident memory T cells with upregulated expression of CD69. Murine PSGL1loCD4+ T cells from GVHD target tissues augmented B cell differentiation into plasma cells and production of autoantibodies via their PD1 interaction with PD-L2 on B cells. Human PSGL1loCD4+ T cells were apposed with memory B cells in the liver tissues of humanized mice and cGVHD patients. Human PSGL1loCD4+ T cells from humanized GVHD target tissues also augmented autologous memory B cell differentiation into plasma cells and antibody production in a PD1/PD-L2-dependent manner. Further preclinical studies targeting tissue-resident T cells to treat antibody-mediated features of autoimmune diseases are warranted.
Evaluation of Low-Value Diagnostic Testing for 4 Common Conditions in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Thomas R. Radomski, Robert Feldman, Yan Huang, Florentina E. Sileanu, Carolyn T. Thorpe, Joshua M. Thorpe, Michael J. Fine, Walid F. Gellad
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Low-value care is associated with harm among patients and with wasteful health care spending but has not been well characterized in the Veterans Health Administration. <h3>Objectives</h3> To characterize the frequency of and variation in low-value diagnostic testing for 4 common conditions at Veterans Affairs medical centers (VAMCs) and to examine the correlation between receipt of low-value testing for each condition. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This retrospective cohort study used Veterans Health Administration data from 127 VAMCs from fiscal years 2014 to 2015. Data were analyzed from April 2018 to March 2020. <h3>Exposures</h3> Continuous enrollment in Veterans Health Administration during fiscal year 2015. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Receipt of low-value testing for low back pain, headache, syncope, and sinusitis. For each condition, sensitive and specific criteria were used to evaluate the overall frequency and range of low-value testing, adjusting for sociodemographic and VAMC characteristics. VAMC-level variation was calculated using median adjusted odds ratios. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the degree of correlation between low-value testing for each condition at the VAMC level. <h3>Results</h3> Among 1 022 987 veterans, the mean (SD) age was 60 (16) years, 1 008 336 (92.4%) were male, and 761 485 (69.8%) were non-Hispanic White. A total of 343 024 veterans (31.4%) were diagnosed with low back pain, 79 176 (7.3%) with headache, 23 776 (2.2%) with syncope, and 52 889 (4.8%) with sinusitis. With the sensitive criteria, overall and VAMC-level low-value testing frequency varied substantially across conditions: 4.6% (range, 2.7%-10.1%) for sinusitis, 12.8% (range, 8.6%-22.6%) for headache, 18.2% (range, 10.9%-24.6%) for low back pain, and 20.1% (range, 16.3%-27.7%) for syncope. With the specific criteria, the overall frequency of low-value testing across VAMCs was 2.4% (range, 1.3%-5.1%) for sinusitis, 8.6% (range, 6.2%-14.6%) for headache, 5.6% (range, 3.6%-7.7%) for low back pain, and 13.3% (range, 11.3%-16.8%) for syncope. The median adjusted odds ratio ranged from 1.21 for low back pain to 1.40 for sinusitis. At the VAMC level, low-value testing was most strongly correlated for syncope and headache (ρ = 0.56;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and low back pain and headache (ρ = 0.48;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this cohort study, low-value diagnostic testing was common, varied substantially across VAMCs, and was correlated between veterans’ receipt of different low-value tests at the VAMC level. The findings suggest a need to address low-value diagnostic testing, even in integrated health systems, with robust utilization management practices.
Structural Basis of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV Antibody Interactions
Authors: Edem Gavor, Yeu Khai Choong, Shi Yin Er, Hariharan Sivaraman, J. Sivaraman
Journal: Trends in Immunology (2020)

The 2019 coronavirus pandemic remains a major public health concern. Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) represent a cutting-edge antiviral strategy. We focus here on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and SARS-CoV, and discuss current progress in antibody research against rampant SARS-CoV-2 infections. We provide a perspective on the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-derived nAbs, comparing these with existing SARS-CoV-derived antibodies. We offer insight into how these antibodies cross-react and cross-neutralize by analyzing available structures of spike (S) glycoprotein-antibody complexes. We also propose ways of adopting antibody-based strategies - such as cocktail antibody therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 - to overcome the possible resistance of currently identified mutants and mitigate possible antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) pathologies. This review provides a platform for the progression of antibody and vaccine design against SARS-CoV-2, and possibly against future coronavirus pandemics.
Association of Gestational Age at Birth With Brain Morphometry
Authors: Hanan El Marroun, Runyu Zou, Michelle F. Leeuwenburg, Eric A. P. Steegers, Irwin K. M. Reiss, Ryan L. Muetzel, Steven A. Kushner, Henning Tiemeier
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

Preterm and postterm births are associated with adverse neuropsychiatric outcomes. However, it remains unclear whether variation of gestational age within the 37- to 42-week range of term deliveries is associated with neurodevelopment.To investigate the association of gestational age at birth (GAB) with structural brain morphometry in children aged 10 years.This population-based cohort study included pregnant women living in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, with an expected delivery date between April 1, 2002, and January 31, 2006. The study evaluated 3079 singleton children with GAB ranging from 26.3 to 43.3 weeks and structural neuroimaging at 10 years of age from the Generation R Study, a longitudinal, population-based prospective birth cohort from early pregnancy onward in Rotterdam. Data analysis was performed from March 1, 2019, to February 28, 2020, and at the time of the revision based on reviewer suggestions.The GAB was calculated based on ultrasonographic assessment of crown-rump length (<12 weeks 5 days) or biparietal diameter (≥12 weeks 5 days) in dedicated research centers.Brain structure, including global and regional brain volumes and surface-based cortical measures (thickness, surface area, and gyrification), was quantified by magnetic resonance imaging.In the 3079 children (1546 [50.2%] female) evaluated at 10 years of age, GAB was linearly associated with global and regional brain volumes. Longer gestational duration was associated with larger brain volumes; for example, every 1-week-longer gestational duration corresponded to an additional 4.5 cm3/wk (95% CI, 2.7-6.3 cm3/wk) larger total brain volume. These associations persisted when the sample was restricted to children born at term (GAB of 37-42 weeks: 4.8 cm3/wk; 95% CI, 1.8-7.7 cm3/wk). No evidence of nonlinear associations between GA and brain morphometry was observed.In this cohort study, gestational duration was linearly associated with brain morphometry during childhood, including within the window of term delivery. These findings may have marked clinical importance, particularly given the prevalence of elective cesarean deliveries.
Targeting CDK12 for Cancer Therapy: Function, Mechanism, and Drug Discovery
Authors: Hui Liu, Kangdong Liu, Zigang Dong
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) is a member of the CDK family of proteins (CDK) and is critical for cancer development. Years of study into CDK12 have generated much information regarding the intricacy of its function and mechanism as well as inhibitors against it for oncological research. However, there remains a lack of understanding regarding the role of CDK12 in carcinogenesis and cancer prevention. An exhaustive comprehension of CDK12 will highly stimulate the development of new strategies for treating and preventing cancer. Here, we review the literature of CDK12, with a focus on its function, its role in signaling, and how to use it as a target for discovery of novel drugs for cancer prevention and therapy.
Letter by Krisai et al Regarding Article, “Preventive or Deferred Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy and Implantable Defibrillator (BERLIN VT): A Multicenter Randomized Trial”
Authors: Philipp Krisai, Konstantinos Vlachos, Pierre Jaïs
Journal: Circulation (2020)
Correction: Identification of a Novel, EBV-based Antibody Risk Stratification Signature for Early Detection of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Taiwan
Authors: Anna E. Coghill, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, Carla Proietti, Wan-Lun Hsu, Yin-Chu Chien, Lea Lekieffre, Lutz Krause, Andy Teng, Jocelyn Pablo, Kelly J. Yu, Pei-Jen Lou, Cheng-Ping Wang, Zhiwei Liu, Chien-Jen Chen, Jaap Middeldorp, Jason Mulvenna, Jeff Bethony, Allan Hildesheim, Denise L. Doolan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

In the original version of [this article][1] ([1][2]), the left panel of Fig. 2 was incorrectly labeled: the BFRF1 IgG antibody was incorrectly labeled as the BALF2 IgG antibody, and the corresponding sentence in the text was also incorrect. These errors have been corrected in the latest online HTML
Surgical Management and Outcomes of Renal Tumors Arising from Horseshoe Kidneys: Results from an International Multicenter Collaboration
Authors: Eduard Roussel, Giovanni Tasso, Riccardo Campi, Maximilian C. Kriegmair, Önder Kara, Tobias Klatte, Umberto Capitanio, Riccardo Bertolo, Alexandre Ingels, Selcuk Erdem, Loïc Baekelandt, Maria C. Mir, Idir Ouzaid, Nicola Pavan, Benoit Beuselinck, Mauro Gacci, Andrea Minervini, Alessandro Volpe, Maarten Albersen
Journal: European Urology (2020)
Severe COVID-19 Infections—Knowledge Gained and Remaining Questions
Authors: Lieuwe D. J. Bos, Daniel Brodie, Carolyn S. Calfee
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

Patients with acute respiratory failure due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have overwhelmed critical care capacity in some cities and countries.The mortality of patients who require critical care is high but varies widely among hospitals. 1Despite a rapidly increasing understanding of the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), uncertainty remains about the reasons that some patients develop respiratory failure and others have no to minimal symptoms, as well as about the optimal management of patients with severe COVID-19 disease. 2 We review the evidence for the management of patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that may apply to patients with severe COVID-19, what has been learned about treatment of these patients, and the gaps in knowledge that remain.
Reversal of Donor Hepatitis C Virus–Related Mesangial Proliferative GN in a Kidney Transplant Recipient
Authors: Pascale Khairallah, Satoru Kudose, Heather K. Morris, Lloyd E. Ratner, Sumit Mohan, Jai Radhakrishnan, Jae-Hyung Chang
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Traditionally, hepatitis C virus (HCV)–positive kidneys were exclusively transplanted into recipients with preexisting HCV infection. With the introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in 2015 and evidence of their safety and efficacy in the immediate post-transplant period, transplantation
Editor's Note: The Pivotal Role of Integrin β1 in Metastasis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Dongsheng Wang, Susan Müller, A.R.M. Ruhul Amin, Donghai Huang, Ling Su, Zhongliang Hu, Mohammad Aminur Rahman, Sreenivas Nannapaneni, Lydia Koenig, Zhengjia Chen, Mourad Tighiouart, Dong M. Shin, Zhuo G. Chen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)
Rapid prototyping of soft bioelectronic implants for use as neuromuscular interfaces
Authors: Dzmitry Afanasenkau, Daria Kalinina, Vsevolod Lyakhovetskii, Christoph Tondera, Oleg Gorsky, Seyyed Moosavi, Natalia Pavlova, Natalia Merkulyeva, Allan V. Kalueff, Ivan R. Minev, Pavel Musienko
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2020)
COVID-19 and Human Trafficking—the Amplified Impact on Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Jonathan Todres, Angela Diaz
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has not only revealed inequities, it has also exacerbated them.Already-vulnerable populations are bearing the brunt of the health impacts of COVID-19 and also experiencing educational and economic consequences.This amplified impact of COVID-19 on vulnerable populations has important implications for individuals at risk of or exploited in human trafficking.Human trafficking inflicts a breadth of harms on those exploited, including physical, emotional, and sexual violence. 1The COVID-19 pandemic has created circumstances that may increase the risk of trafficking, inhibit identification of those who are trafficked and those who survive trafficking, and make it harder to deliver comprehensive services to support survivors' recovery.To begin, COVID-19's impact implicates many of the risk factors for human trafficking.Homelessness and a history of child maltreatment are 2 significant risk factors for trafficking of young people. 2 The economic impact of COVID-19, including widespread job loss, has left many people unable to pay rent.Despite moratoriums on evictions for some, others have been left unprotected. 3In addition, when moratoriums end, individuals may still be unemployed and unable to pay rent.These factors heighten the vulnerability of alreadystruggling families and can result in adults and children ending up homeless.This can leave youth in particular at heightened risk of various forms of exploitation, from survival sex to exploitation in various labor sectors.Similarly, there is widespread agreement among child advocates that COVID-19 has spurred an increase in child maltreatment.Although reporting is down (primarily because mandatory reporters, including teachers and pediatricians, are not seeing some children), hospital reports of child abuse injuries have increased. 4The trauma of child maltreatment, increased time on the street, or the combination of both leaves young people at greater risk of human trafficking.The pandemic appears to be spurring other risks.With school closures, children and adolescents are spending more time online, increasing risks that could lead to trafficking situations.The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children noted an increase from 2 million to 4.2 million reports of online exploitation from March to April 2020. 5or those already in trafficking situations, COVID-19 has worsened circumstances.Protecting against exposure to the virus in trafficking situations can be more challenging.Inforcedlaborandcommercialsexsettings,thosewho aretraffickedmayhavelittleaccesstoorchoiceofwhether to wear masks or to insist that others nearby do.And social distancing may be difficult, if not impossible, in these settings.Given the inequitable distribution of COVID-19's
Precise magnetic resonance imaging-guided sonodynamic therapy for drug-resistant bacterial deep infection
Authors: Dong Wang, Dong-Bing Cheng, Lei Ji, Li-Juan Niu, Xue-Hao Zhang, Yong Cong, Rong-Hui Cao, Lei Zhou, Feng Bai, Zeng-Ying Qiao, Hao Wang
Journal: Biomaterials (2020)
Phosphorylation regulates cullin-based ubiquitination in tumorigenesis
Authors: Yifan Chen, Xuejing Shao, Ji Cao, Hong Zhu, Bo Yang, Qiaojun He, Meidan Ying
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2020)

Cullin-RING ligases (CRLs) recognize and interact with substrates for ubiquitination and degradation, and can be targeted for disease treatment when the abnormal expression of substrates involves pathologic processes. Phosphorylation, either of substrates or receptors of CRLs, can alter their interaction. Phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination and proteasome degradation influence various cellular processes and can contribute to the occurrence of various diseases, most often tumorigenesis. These processes have the potential to be used for tumor intervention through the regulation of the activities of related kinases, along with the regulation of the stability of specific oncoproteins and tumor suppressors. This review describes the mechanisms and biological functions of crosstalk between phosphorylation and ubiquitination, and most importantly its influence on tumorigenesis, to provide new directions and strategies for tumor therapy.
Asthma control, self‐management, and healthcare access during the COVID‐19 epidemic in Beijing
Authors: Chun Chang, Linlin Zhang, Fawu Dong, Ying Liang, Yahong Chen, Ying Shang, Mairipaiti Abulikemu, Yongchang Sun
Journal: Allergy (2020)

Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Biodegradable Films: Microporous Biodegradable Films Promote Therapeutic Angiogenesis (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 17/2020)
Authors: Eseelle K. Hendow, Mehran Moazen, Francesco Iacoviello, Laurent Bozec, Caroline Pellet‐Many, Richard M. Day
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

In article number 2000806 by Richard M. Day and co-workers, highly porous biodegradable films are prepared using thermally-induced phase separation. In vivo implantation of the films into ischemic tissue stimulates increased expression of pro-angiogenic growth factor genes. This provides a favourable local environment for neovascularization, increased tissue perfusion, and therapeutic angiogenesis in ischemic tissue. The findings pave the way to establishing new materials-based strategies to achieve therapeutic angiogenesis.
Impact of Mitral Regurgitation Severity and Left Ventricular Remodeling on Outcome After MitraClip Implantation
Authors: David Messika-Zeitoun, Bernard Iung, Xavier Armoiry, Jean-Noël Trochu, Erwan Donal, Gilbert Habib, Eric Brochet, Hélène Thibault, Nicolas Piriou, Bertrand Cormier, Christophe Tribouilloy, Patrice Guerin, Thierry Lefèvre, Delphine Maucort-Boulch, Alec Vahanian, Florent Boutitie, Jean-Francois Obadia
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2020)