tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comment on Umpierrez and Klonoff. Diabetes Technology Update: Use of Insulin Pumps and Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Hospital. Diabetes Care 2018;41:1579–1589
Authors: Jennifer Grammes, Eva Kuestner, Lutz Heinemann, Thomas Kubiak
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

We applaud Umpierrez and Klonoff (1) for reviewing the evidence on the application of insulin pump therapy (continuous subcutaneous glucose infusion [CSII]) and continuous glucose monitoring in inpatient settings. However, we missed a dedicated section about the patients’ perspective and experiences concerning insulin pump use in hospitals. In a qualitative survey conducted in Germany, elderly patients with type 1 diabetes (≥65 years, n = 136) and health care professionals (HCP, n = 96) were asked about their wishes, concerns, and needs related to CSII (2). The 290 responses (165 patients; 125 HCPs) were classified into three categories.

First were positive experiences (patients n = 17; HCPs n = 5), which were a result of perceived respect of the …
Genetics of Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic Diseases
Authors: Amélie Pinard, Gregory T. Jones, Dianna M. Milewicz
Journal: Circulation Research (2019)

Dissections or ruptures of aortic aneurysms remain a leading cause of death in the developed world, with the majority of deaths being preventable if individuals at risk are identified and properly managed. Genetic variants predispose individuals to these aortic diseases. In the case of thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissections (thoracic aortic disease), genetic data can be used to identify some at-risk individuals and dictate management of the associated vascular disease. For abdominal aortic aneurysms, genetic associations have been identified, which provide insight on the molecular pathogenesis but cannot be used clinically yet to identify individuals at risk for abdominal aortic aneurysms. This compendium will discuss our current understanding of the genetic basis of thoracic aortic disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm disease. Although both diseases share several pathogenic similarities, including proteolytic elastic tissue degeneration and smooth muscle dysfunction, they also have several distinct differences, including population prevalence and modes of inheritance.
HSR19-080: Situational Analysis and Needs Assessment Regarding the Availability and Extent of Pediatric Palliative Care Services in the Philippines
Authors: Loyda Amor N. Cajucom, Rita C. Ramos, Raymund Kernell B. Mañago, Raya Kathreen T. Fuentes, Primo G. Garcia, Queenie R. Ridulme, Myra DP. Oruga, Maria Joanna G. Viñas
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2019)

Background: Around 200,000 pediatric clients are diagnosed with cancer each year globally. Majority (84%) of cancer cases are found in developing countries with 20% average survival rate (Ferlay et al, 2012). Two-thirds of pediatric oncology clients in the Philippines are diagnosed at advanced stages (Lecciones, 2015). Abandonment of treatment is high at 80%. Only about 10%–20% of clients attain long-term survival despite availability of multidisciplinary management. These outcomes reflect the gap in service delivery for pediatric oncology clients (Ferlay et al, 2012). Therefore, to improve accessibility to healthcare, it is necessary to determine the perceived palliative care needs of clients, their caregivers, and healthcare providers. Objective: To identify the availability of palliative care services in the country, identify barriers in service delivery, and determine the palliative care needs of pediatric oncology clients, their caregivers, and healthcare providers. Methods: The descriptive, cross-sectional study design involved a situational analysis by mapping 2 Philippine palliative centers. Focus group discussions (FGD) and interviews with healthcare professionals were conducted to determine the extent of services, geographical coverage, and perceived palliative care needs. The needs assessment tool by WHO (2004) was adopted to identify the palliative care needs of pediatric oncology clients as perceived by caregivers. Results: From a total of 181 primary caregivers, the identified main problems in caring was the economical (95.6%) aspect. Financial support (92%) was the most pressing need. Caregivers would like to learn more about general cancer care (39%) and nutrition counseling (24%). The most common palliative care needs as perceived by caregivers included accessibility to cancer facility (27%), free cancer medications (12.7%), and financial assistance (14.9%). The common barriers in rendering care were financial constraints (66%), behavioral changes (12.7%), and travel limitations (6%). The common themes found during the FGDs and interviews were: (1) inadequate human and structural health resources; (2) need to focus on psychosocial care; (3) addressing economic constraints; and (4) need to increase cancer awareness among caregivers. Conclusion: The findings of the study documented the need for the development of structured programs for pediatric palliative care in the Philippines.
US National Trends in Opioid-Related Hospitalizations Among Patients With Cancer
Authors: Isaac S. Chua, Richard E. Leiter, Kate T. Brizzi, Charles A. Coey, Emanuele Mazzola, James A. Tulsky, Charlotta Lindvall
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2019)

This study evaluates the patient demographics and clinical characteristics of 14 095 opioid-related hospitalizations from the US National Inpatient Sample (NIS) of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP).
Scribes Improved ED Productivity
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nonsurgical therapy for teeth and implants—When and why?
Authors: Niklaus P. Lang, Giovanni E. Salvi, Anton Sculean
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2019)

Abstract As periodontal and peri‐implant diseases represent opportunistic infections, antiinfective therapy is the method of choice. Correctly performed, the treatment outcomes will include resolution of the inflammation concomitant with shrinkage of the tissues, reflected in reduced probing depths. Depending on the patient data obtained after initial antiinfective therapy, further – mostly surgical – treatment may be rendered to reach the goals of a healthy periodontium and peri‐implant tissues. Patient compliance is as important as operator skills for optimal treatment outcomes. Regenerative therapy may be applied in compliant patients and for appropriate defects. This article depicts the historical development of periodontal therapy during the 20th century and addresses the various outcome parameters to be used in daily decision making. Obviously, nonsurgical therapy has gained clinical relevance, resulting in highly satisfactory treatment outcomes in many cases. The critical probing depth above which positive attachment gain is registered varies from one treatment modality to another. It is a concept that helps facilitate decision making for additional therapeutic measures after initial therapy. Treatment of peri‐implant mucositis prevents development of peri‐implantitis. Hence, nonsurgical treatment of mucositis is frequently performed during the continuous monitoring of oral implants. This chapter of Periodontology 2000 presents evidence for the prevention and therapy of peri‐implant diseases.
Three-dimensional visualisation of the fetal heart using prenatal MRI with motion-corrected slice-volume registration: a prospective, single-centre cohort study
Authors: David F A Lloyd, Kuberan Pushparajah, John M Simpson, Joshua F P van Amerom, Milou P M van Poppel, Alexander Schulz, Bernard Kainz, Maria Deprez, Maelene Lohezic, Joanna Allsop, Sujeev Mathur, Hannah Bellsham-Revell, Trisha Vigneswaran, Marietta Charakida, Owen Miller, Vita Zidere, Gurleen Sharland, Mary Rutherford, Joseph V Hajnal, Reza Razavi
Journal: The Lancet (2019)

Two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound echocardiography is the primary technique used to diagnose congenital heart disease before birth. There is, however, a longstanding need for a reliable form of secondary imaging, particularly in cases when more detailed three-dimensional (3D) vascular imaging is required, or when ultrasound windows are of poor diagnostic quality. Fetal MRI, which is well established for other organ systems, is highly susceptible to fetal movement, particularly for 3D imaging. The objective of this study was to investigate the combination of prenatal MRI with novel, motion-corrected 3D image registration software, as an adjunct to fetal echocardiography in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease.
Distinct phenotype of CD4+ T cells driving celiac disease identified in multiple autoimmune conditions
Authors: Asbjørn Christophersen, Eivind G. Lund, Omri Snir, Elsa Solà, Chakravarthi Kanduri, Shiva Dahal-Koirala, Stephanie Zühlke, Øyvind Molberg, Paul J. Utz, Mina Rohani-Pichavant, Julia F. Simard, Cornelia L. Dekker, Knut E. A. Lundin, Ludvig M. Sollid, Mark M. Davis
Journal: Nature Medicine (2019)
NGS-based profiling reveals a critical contributing role of somatic D-loop mtDNA mutations in HBV-related hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: C. Yin, D.Y. Li, X. Guo, H.Y. Cao, Y.B. Chen, F. Zhou, N.J. Ge, Y. Liu, S.S. Guo, Z. Zhao, H.S. Yang, J.L. Xing
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

BackgroundSomatic mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been extensively identified mainly by traditional Sanger sequencing technology in various cancer types. However, low detection sensitivity of traditional methods greatly limits the comprehensive profiling of mtDNA somatic mutations in cancers, especially in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Moreover, the functional roles of mtDNA mutation in HBV-related hepatocarcinogenesis have not been systematically revealed.Patients and methodsNext-generation sequencing (NGS) platform was applied to profile the somatic mtDNA mutations of HCC and paired paratumor (non-HCC) tissues from a large cohort of 156 HBV-HCC patients.ResultsOur data revealed the common existence of mtDNA mutation in both inflammatory and cancer tissues with significantly different mutation pattern. The mutation density (mutation number/region length) of D-loop region was much higher than that of other regions in both HCC and non-HCC tissues. Unexpectedly, the average mutation number in D-loop region of HCC tissues was significantly less than that of non-HCC tissues. In contrast, the heteroplasmy level of D-loop region mutations was significantly increased in HCC tissues, implying that the D-loop mutations might be positively selected in HCC tissues. Furthermore, our results indicated that the patients with D-loop mutations had a significantly lower mtDNA copy number and were more likely to relapse. In vitro experiments demonstrated that proliferation, invasion and metastasis ability of HCC cells with D-loop region mutations were significantly higher than those without D-loop region mutations.ConclusionThese results emphasize the critical contributing role of somatic mtDNA D-loop mutations in HBV-related hepatocarcinogenesis.
A Novel Endogenous Damage Signal, CSF-2, Activates Multiple Beneficial Functions of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Se-Ra Park, Ara Cho, Jae-Wan Kim, Hwa-Yong Lee, In-Sun Hong
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2019)

The major challenges of current mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapeutics are their low differentiation potential into specialized cell types and their homing ability to sites of injury. Therefore, many researchers have directed their efforts toward finding a novel stimulatory factor that can significantly enhance the therapeutic effects of MSCs. Colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF-2) is previously known as a hematopoietic growth factor involved in the differentiation of various myeloid cells from hematopoietic progenitor cells. In addition to this canonical hematopoietic function, we identified for the first time that CSF-2 is actively secreted by stem cells, in response to various types of injuries, as an endogenous damage signal that promotes the therapeutic effects of MSCs by enhancing their multi-lineage differentiation and migratory capacities, possibly through its receptor CD116. Our results also revealed that CSF-2 exerts its stimulatory effects on MSCs via PI3K/Akt- and/or FAK/ERK1/2-signaling pathways. More importantly, we also found that MSCs stimulated with CSF-2 show markedly enhanced differentiation and migratory capacities and subsequent in vivo therapeutic effects in an endometrial ablation animal model. Collectively, our findings provide compelling evidence for a novel non-hematopoietic function of CSF-2 in promoting multiple beneficial functions of MSCs via a non-canonical mechanism as an endogenous damage signal.
Protein Delivery: Intracellular Delivery of His‐Tagged Genome‐Editing Proteins Enabled by Nitrilotriacetic Acid–Containing Lipidoid Nanoparticles (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 6/2019)
Authors: Yamin Li, Alice Chukun Li, Qiaobing Xu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2019)

In article number 1800996, Qiaobing Xu and co-workers report a new type of non-cationic lipidoid nanoparticle for His-tagged protein delivery. Active lipidoids are synthesized by conjugating nitrilotriacetic acid with hydrophobic tails and nanoparticles are formulated in the presence of helper lipids through self-assembly. The newly developed lipidoid nanoparticles are capable of delivering genome-editing proteins (Cre recombinase and CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein) into mammalian cells.
Abstract 17249: Right Ventricular Strain by CMR Quantitatively Identifies the Presence of Scar by Invasive Mapping in Patients With Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tarek Zghaib, Mounes A Ghasabeh, Fabrizio R Assis, Jonathan Chrispin, Ali Keramati, Satish Misra, Ronald Berger, Stefan Zimmerman, Hugh Calkins, Saman Nazarian, Harikrishna Tandri
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited cardiomyopathy characterized by fibrofatty replacement of the RV myocardium resulting in re-entrant ventricular ta...
Helen Salisbury: Should I go private, doctor?
Authors: Helen Salisbury
Journal: BMJ (2019)

I’ve always had some patients whose default option is to seek private hospital consultations and treatment. Some have health insurance through their work, some come from overseas and have never felt comfortable with the NHS, and a few are just wealthy. They don’t tend to ask me whether they should go private.

This question about private treatment comes from other patients. They may want procedures that the NHS no longer funds—surgical treatment of troublesome varicose veins, removal of unsightly but non-malignant skin lesions, or other “low priority” complaints. That’s “low priority” to the …
Soluble FMS-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1 Is a Circulating Biomarker Associated With Calcific Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Aeron M. Small, Daniel H. Kiss, Saif Anwaruddin, Jay Giri, Yuchi Han, Lei Zhao, Lisa Salvador, Mary Ellen Cvijic, Zhuyin Li, Julio A. Chirinos, Scott M. Damrauer, Daniel J. Rader
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Protein Phosphatase 1 Inhibitor–1 Mediates the cAMP-Dependent Stimulation of the Renal NaCl Cotransporter
Authors: David Penton, Sandra Moser, Agnieszka Wengi, Jan Czogalla, Lena Lindtoft Rosenbaek, Fritz Rigendinger, Nourdine Faresse, Joana R. Martins, Robert A. Fenton, Dominique Loffing-Cueni, Johannes Loffing
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2019)

Significance Statement Stimuli that elevate cAMP, including β -adrenergic agonists and parathyroid hormone, increase phosphorylation (and hence activity) of the thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransporter (NCC) in the distal convoluted tubule. The protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) modulates NCC phosphorylation, but its role and the mechanism regulating its function are obscure. The authors used in vitro and ex vivo approaches to demonstrate that a PP1 inhibitor, protein phosphatase 1 inhibitor–1 (I1), mediates the effects of cAMP-elevating hormones on NCC. They propose a novel signaling pathway in which protein kinase A–dependent phosphorylation of I1 inhibits the PP1-dependent dephosphorylation of NCC. Given NCC’s critical role in renal control of ion homeostasis and BP, this pathway may contribute to the physiologic regulation of NCC and the development of arterial hypertension in the context of abnormal hormonal stimulation. Background A number of cAMP-elevating hormones stimulate phosphorylation (and hence activity) of the NaCl cotransporter (NCC) in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT). Evidence suggests that protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and other protein phosphatases modulate NCC phosphorylation, but little is known about PP1’s role and the mechanism regulating its function in the DCT. Methods We used ex vivo mouse kidney preparations to test whether a DCT-enriched inhibitor of PP1, protein phosphatase 1 inhibitor–1 (I1), mediates cAMP’s effects on NCC, and conducted yeast two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation experiments in NCC-expressing MDCK cells to explore protein interactions. Results Treating isolated DCTs with forskolin and IBMX increased NCC phosphorylation via a protein kinase A (PKA)–dependent pathway. Ex vivo incubation of mouse kidney slices with isoproterenol, norepinephrine, and parathyroid hormone similarly increased NCC phosphorylation. The cAMP-induced stimulation of NCC phosphorylation strongly correlated with the phosphorylation of I1 at its PKA consensus phosphorylation site (a threonine residue in position 35). We also found an interaction between NCC and the I1-target PP1. Moreover, PP1 dephosphorylated NCC in vitro , and the PP1 inhibitor calyculin A increased NCC phosphorylation. Studies in kidney slices and isolated perfused kidneys of control and I1-KO mice demonstrated that I1 participates in the cAMP-induced stimulation of NCC. Conclusions Our data suggest a complete signal transduction pathway by which cAMP increases NCC phosphorylation via a PKA-dependent phosphorylation of I1 and subsequent inhibition of PP1. This pathway might be relevant for the physiologic regulation of renal sodium handling by cAMP-elevating hormones, and may contribute to salt-sensitive hypertension in patients with endocrine disorders or sympathetic hyperactivity.
Diffuse Subcutaneous and Muscular Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Dan Shao, Shuxia Wang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Abstract Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare cancer that represents a set of pathological outcomes due to the abnormal proliferation of Langerhans cells, which is more commonly seen in pediatric patients. FDG PET/CT findings of an adult LCH patient with extensive infiltration in the subcutaneous tissue and muscles was described in this case.
Therapeutic Response to Rituximab in IgG4-Related Hypophysitis Evidenced on 18F-FDG PET and MRI
Authors: Fabien Vauchot, Aurélie Bourdon, Boramy Hay, Denis Mariano-Goulart, Fayçal Ben Bouallègue
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Baseline F-FDG PET and MRI were performed in a patient with IgG4-related hypophysitis, showing a 15-mm hypervascular hypermetabolic lesion with sellar and suprasellar extension. Lack of response after 10 months of first-line corticosteroid therapy was demonstrated on both F-FDG PET and MRI. Three months later, after 2 injections of 1 g of rituximab associated with continued corticosteroid therapy, MRI showed substantial shrinkage of the pituitary lesion with minimal residual Gd enhancement, whereas F-FDG PET evidenced complete metabolic response. As such, joint F-FDG PET and MRI assessment during therapy may have a potential interest for treatment response evaluation in pituitary IgG4-related disease.
Prenatal and infant exposure to ambient pesticides and autism spectrum disorder in children: population based case-control study
Authors: Ondine S von Ehrenstein, Chenxiao Ling, Xin Cui, Myles Cockburn, Andrew S Park, Fei Yu, Jun Wu, Beate Ritz
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Abstract Objective To examine associations between early developmental exposure to ambient pesticides and autism spectrum disorder. Design Population based case-control study. Setting California’s main agricultural region, Central Valley, using 1998-2010 birth data from the Office of Vital Statistics. Population 2961 individuals with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , fourth edition, revised (up to 31 December 2013), including 445 with intellectual disability comorbidity, were identified through records maintained at the California Department of Developmental Services and linked to their birth records. Controls derived from birth records were matched to cases 10:1 by sex and birth year. Exposure Data from California state mandated Pesticide Use Reporting were integrated into a geographic information system tool to estimate prenatal and infant exposures to pesticides (measured as pounds of pesticides applied per acre/month within 2000 m from the maternal residence). 11 high use pesticides were selected for examination a priori according to previous evidence of neurodevelopmental toxicity in vivo or in vitro (exposure defined as ever v never for each pesticide during specific developmental periods). Main outcome measure Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using multivariable logistic regression were used to assess associations between pesticide exposure and autism spectrum disorder (with or without intellectual disabilities) in offspring, adjusting for confounders. Results Risk of autism spectrum disorder was associated with prenatal exposure to glyphosate (odds ratio 1.16, 95% confidence interval 1.06 to 1.27), chlorpyrifos (1.13, 1.05 to 1.23), diazinon (1.11, 1.01 to 1.21), malathion (1.11, 1.01 to 1.22), avermectin (1.12, 1.04 to 1.22), and permethrin (1.10, 1.01 to 1.20). For autism spectrum disorder with intellectual disability, estimated odds ratios were higher (by about 30%) for prenatal exposure to glyphosate (1.33, 1.05 to 1.69), chlorpyrifos (1.27, 1.04 to 1.56), diazinon (1.41, 1.15 to 1.73), permethrin (1.46, 1.20 to 1.78), methyl bromide (1.33, 1.07 to 1.64), and myclobutanil (1.32, 1.09 to 1.60); exposure in the first year of life increased the odds for the disorder with comorbid intellectual disability by up to 50% for some pesticide substances. Conclusion Findings suggest that an offspring’s risk of autism spectrum disorder increases following prenatal exposure to ambient pesticides within 2000 m of their mother’s residence during pregnancy, compared with offspring of women from the same agricultural region without such exposure. Infant exposure could further increase risks for autism spectrum disorder with comorbid intellectual disability.
Sputum and serum periostin levels are associated with, but do not predict sputum eosinophil proportion in severe asthma
Authors: J. Simpson, I. A. Yang, J. W. Upham, P. N. Reynolds, S. Hodge, A. L. James, C. R. Jenkins, M. J. Peters, G. Jia, C. T. Holweg, P. G. Gibson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)