tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
e-Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chromosomes, ploidy and differentiation of lung cancer
Authors: Iver Petersen
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

1045  In order to correlate karyotyping data with ploidy, DNA imbalances and differentiation of human lung cancer, cytogenetic information were retrieved from the Mitelman Database of Chromosome Aberration and analyzed for chromosome numbers and alterations. Additionally, own and published data on Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) and DNA ploidy measurement was reviewed and correlated with immunohistochemically detectable differentiation. In total, 660 lung tumors were identified in the Mitelman database of which 446 were histologically typed. The analysis was then mainly restricted to 160 adenocarcinomas (ADC), 145 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), 14 ADC-SCC, 38 large cell lung carcinomas (LCLC) and 49 small cell lung carcinomas (SCLC). All showed at least subtle chromosomal abnormalities indicative of aneuploidy. About 30% and 22% of the near diploid ADC and SCC, respectively, carried only single chromosome change, in particular loss of chromosome Y and gain of chromosome 7, in contrast to only 8% of LCLC being generally highly aneuploid and carrying the highest chromosome numbers of all lung cancer subtypes. Except for 1 case (2%), all SCLC were highly aneuploid although 27% carried a near diploid chromosome number. DNA measurement of primary SCLC may indicate an even higher percentage of pseudodiploid cases in up to 90% of cases. Except for the near diploid cases, SCC were almost invariably hyperdiploid. In contrast, hypodiploid tumors were present in the ADC and SCLC subgroups, both being associated with a high degree of aneuploidy. Beside the near diploid cases, the histogram of the lung carcinomas according to their chromosome numbers showed a second peak in the near triploid range. CGH revealed typical patterns of chromosomal imbalances in each lung cancer subtype with the highest incidence in SCLC. In summary, the data confirms that aneuploidy is a key factor in lung carcinogenesis being early detectable and also responsible for tumor progression. Different chromosome numbers and imbalances are associated with lung cancer subtypes, their variation by chromosomal instability may cause transistion in tumor morphology and differentiation. Non-small cell lung cancer progression may occur by two different pathways, i.e. by small cell (neuroendocrine) and large cell (mesenchymal) dedifferentiation.
Allergy and Allergic Diseases
Authors: A.B. Kay
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Allergic Diseases and Their TreatmentAllergic RhinitisAllergic rhinitis is characterized by episodes of sneezing, itching, rhinorrhea, and nasal obstruction. Perennial allergic rhinitis should be distinguished from nonallergic, noninfectious forms of rhinitis, such as idiopathic ("vasomotor") rhinitis, nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome, hormonal rhinitis, drug-induced rhinitis, and food-induced rhinitis.The treatment of allergic rhinitis (and other allergic diseases) consists of allergen avoidance (whenever possible and practical), antiallergic medication, and immunotherapy for specific allergens, which is also called hyposensitization or desensitization. Currently, the drugs usually used to treat allergic rhinitis are antihistamines and anticholinergic agents (for the relief of symptoms) and . . .
Gene expression imputation across multiple brain regions provides insights into schizophrenia risk
Authors: Laura M. Huckins, Amanda Dobbyn, Douglas M. Ruderfer, Gabriel Hoffman, Weiqing Wang, Antonio F. Pardiñas, Veera M. Rajagopal, Thomas D. Als, Hoang T. Nguyen, Kiran Girdhar, James Boocock, Panos Roussos, Menachem Fromer, Robin Kramer, Enrico Domenici, Eric R. Gamazon, Shaun Purcell, Ditte Demontis, Anders D. Børglum, James T. R. Walters, Michael C. O’Donovan, Patrick Sullivan, Michael J. Owen, Bernie Devlin, Solveig K. Sieberts, Nancy J. Cox, Hae Kyung Im, Pamela Sklar, Eli A. Stahl
Journal: Nature Genetics (2019)
Withdrawal Confounding in Randomized Controlled Trials of Antipsychotic, Antidepressant, and Stimulant Drugs, 2000–2017
Authors: Alexander M. Récalt, David Cohen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2019)

Results of relapse prevention randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which discontinue psychotropic drug treatment from some participants may be confounded by drug withdrawal symptoms. We test for the confound by calculating whether ≥50% of the difference in relapse risk between drug-discontinued and drug-maintained groups is present at discontinuation time points (DCTs) with "short" and "long" assumptions regarding onset and duration of withdrawal symptoms.In eligible RCTs of antidepressants, antipsychotics, and stimulants from 2000 to 2017 (n = 30) selected from a systematic review, differences in relapse risk were examined by arithmetic and graphical comparison of mean behavioral scores or survival plots.Only 14 studies (46.6%) with 15 analyses of relapse risk provided sufficient data. Under short and long DCTs, 9 of 13 (69.2%) and 7 of 9 (77.8%) interpretable analyses, respectively, suggested a withdrawal confound. The proportion of endpoint placebo-maintenance group difference present by the DCT averaged 69.1% (range, 58.7-148.0%, n = 13) for short DCT assumptions, and 79.0% (range, 51.5-183.3%, n = 9) under long DCTs. One study (3.33%) controlled for withdraw al effects, and 1 yielded inconclusive results.These results support suggestions that withdrawal symptoms confound the results of relapse prevention RCTs. Accounting for such symptoms in RCTs is an ethical, scientific, and clinical imperative. Justifications for relapse prevention RCTs employing a discontinuation procedure require more scrutiny.
Ets1 Enhances Context-Dependent Notch1 Activity in T-Cell Leukemia
Authors: Anna McCarter, Ran Yan, Amparo Serna Alarcon, Catherine Chang, Erin Kim, Cher Sha, Yiran Liu, Qing Wang, Luke F. Peterson, Rork Kuick, Russell Ryan, Moshe Talpaz, Linda Samuelson, Michael Ostrowski, Mark Y Chiang
Journal: Blood (2018)
Abstract 18194: Mst1 Stimulates Cell Protective Mechanisms of FoxO1 Through Phophorylation in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Yasuhiro Maejima, Peiyong Zhai, Junichi Sadoshima
Journal: Circulation (2010)

The FoxO family transcription factors control survival and death in cardiomyocytes (CMs). The function of FoxOs is regulated by posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation. Mst1 (mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1), a stress-activated and proapoptotic kinase, phosphorylates FoxO1. We investigated how the function of FoxO1 is modulated by Mst1 and the role of FoxO1 in regulating the cell death promoting effect of Mst1 in the heart. Co-immunoprecipitation assay and in vitro kinase assay showed that Mst1 physically interacts with and phosphorylates FoxO1. Mst1 induced nuclear translocation of FoxO1 in CMs. However, Mst1 fails to induce nuclear translocation of a FoxO1 mutant in which Mst1 phosphorylation sites are mutated (S209/216/231/232A). Overexpression of FoxO1 significantly inhibited, whereas knock-down of FoxO1 exacerbated, Mst1-induced apoptosis. FoxO1 upregulated cell survival genes but inhibited proapoptotic genes in the presence of Mst1. In order to examine the functional significan...
MYCYC: unravelling the long road ahead in ANCA-associated vasculitis
Authors: Siddharth Jain, Arghya Chattopadhyay, Shankar Naidu, Aman Sharma
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

We read with great interest the article on ‘Mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclophosphamide for remission induction in ANCA-associated vasculitis: a randomized, non-inferiority trial’ by Jones et al .1 The trials of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for induction in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) done previously were single-centre studies mostly restricted to patients with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), predominantly from South East Asia.2 3 We commend the authors for including a large population of patients with AAV of different age groups, with true representation of both granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and patients with MPA from different countries, thus overcoming the limitations of previous studies and possibly bringing us closer to the true estimate of efficacy of MMF as an induction agent in AAV. However, certain aspects of this study require clarification and discussion.

First, median baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 51 mL/min/m2 of the trial patients did not improve considerably at 6 or 18 months in either of the two arms (online supplementary figure 1B of the paper). Non-reversibility of renal dysfunction with immunosuppressive therapy raises a suspicion of a component of chronicity to the underlying renal disease. Since patients with recent decline (eGFR …
Highly efficient cascading synergy of cancer photo-immunotherapy enabled by engineered graphene quantum dots/photosensitizer/CpG oligonucleotides hybrid nanotheranostics
Authors: Chunhui Wu, Xiaotian Guan, Jiming Xu, Yingxue Zhang, Qiuyue Liu, Yuan Tian, Shun Li, Xiang Qin, Hong Yang, Yiyao Liu
Journal: Biomaterials (2019)
Germinal Center–Derived Antibodies Promote Atherosclerosis Plaque Size and Stability
Authors: Monica Centa, Hong Jin, Lisa Hofste, Sanna Hellberg, Albert Busch, Roland Baumgartner, Nienke J. Verzaal, Sara Lind Enoksson, Ljubica Perisic Matic, Sanjay V. Boddul, Dorothee Atzler, Daniel Y. Li, Changyan Sun, Göran K. Hansson, Daniel F.J. Ketelhuth, Ulf Hedin, Fredrik Wermeling, Esther Lutgens, Christoph J. Binder, Lars Maegdesfessel, Stephen G. Malin
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Atherosclerosis progression is modulated by interactions with the adaptive immune system. Humoral immunity can help protect against atherosclerosis formation; however, the existence, origin, and function of putative atherogenic antibodies are controversial. How such atherosclerosis-promoting antibodies could affect the specific composition and stability of plaques, as well as the vasculature generally, remains unknown. Methods: We addressed the overall contribution of antibodies to atherosclerosis plaque formation, composition, and stability in vivo (1) with mice that displayed a general loss of antibodies, (2) with mice that had selectively ablated germinal center-derived IgG production, or (3) through interruption of T–B-cell interactions and further studied the effects of antibody deficiency on the aorta by transcriptomics. Results: Here, we demonstrate that atherosclerosis-prone mice with attenuated plasma cell function manifest reduced plaque burden, indicating that antibodies promote atherosclerotic lesion size. However, the composition of the plaque was altered in antibody-deficient mice, with an increase in lipid content and decreases in smooth muscle cells and macrophages, resulting in an experimentally validated vulnerable plaque phenotype. Furthermore, IgG antibodies enhanced smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro in an Fc receptor–dependent manner, and antibody-deficient mice had decreased neointimal hyperplasia formation in vivo. These IgG antibodies were shown to be derived from germinal centers, and mice genetically deficient for germinal center formation had strongly reduced atherosclerosis plaque formation. mRNA sequencing of aortas revealed that antibodies are required for the sufficient expression of multiple signal-induced and growth-promoting transcription factors and that aortas undergo large-scale metabolic reprograming in their absence. Using an elastase model, we demonstrated that absence of IgG results in an increased severity of aneurysm formation. Conclusions: We propose that germinal center–derived IgG antibodies promote the size and stability of atherosclerosis plaques, through promoting arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and maintaining the molecular identity of the aorta. These results could have implications for therapies that target B cells or B–T-cell interactions because the loss of humoral immunity leads to a smaller but less stable plaque phenotype.
GP suicides: LMCs call for action to reduce “appalling” numbers
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2019)

The BMA’s General Practitioners Committee (GPC) must lobby ministers for increased psychological support for GPs to reduce the “appalling” number of doctor suicides, local medical committees have urged.

The annual UK local medical committees conference in Belfast passed a motion on 19 March in recognition of “the appalling statistics and circumstances of doctor suicides.”

The conference instructed the GPC to raise the issue of GP suicide with “all major stakeholders” to seek a better understanding of any …
CGE19-062: The Rs1388378 Polymorphism in the Human DIO2 Gene is Associated with Decreased L-Thyroxine Dose Requirement in Thyroidectomized Patients
Authors: Ashwaq Mohammed Alanazi, Rawan Alshalhoub, Maha Meshal Alrasheed, Nora Abanamy, Dana Bakheet, Nduna Dzimiri
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2019)

Background: Patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) are usually managed with total thyroidectomy and subsequent radioiodine ablation of the remnant thyroid tissue. L-thyroxine (L-T4) therapy (about 2 µg/kg) is required for life, with a wide variation in patient dose requirements. The iodothyronine deiodinase types I, II, and III ( DIO1 , DIO2, and DIO3 , respectively) regulate the activity of the thyroid hormone via removal of specific iodine moieties from the precursor molecule T4. During LT4 replacement, the active hormone triiodothyronine (T3) levels strictly depend on DIO2 -mediated activation of LT4. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate the association of DIO1 and DIO2 polymorphisms with DTC and L-T4 dose requirement in the Saudi population. Methods : A total of 1,067 (560 controls and 507 DTC thyroidectomized cases) Saudi Arabs were included. Serum free thyroxine and TSH levels were measured in the cases. We genotyped 1 DIO1 variant rs2294512_G and 3 DIO2 SNPs, rs1388378_T, rs12885300_T, rs225013_T, by TaqMan assay. Results: The DIO1 and DIO2 genotyping revealed an association between L-T4 dose requirement and rs1388378_T. Patients carrying the rs1388378_T allele required a lower l-T4 dose (145.91±33.31; P =.035). No significant association was found for these SNPs with cancer risk. Conclusions: Our study identified 1 DIO2 variant associated with L-T4 dose requirement. Thyroidectomized patients carrying T allele of rs1388378 need lower L-T4 dose to maintain normal TSH level thus providing evidence in favor of customized treatment of hypothyroidism in athyreotic patients.
Hospice and Anticancer Therapy—Shifting From an Either/or to a Both/and Treatment Model
Authors: Tracy A. Balboni
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Ministers must reverse damaging cuts to “deteriorating” public health services, says BMA
Authors: Gareth Iaocbucci
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Public health services in England are deteriorating and are at risk of further decline unless budget cuts worth £550m (€643m; $723m) in real terms since 2015-16 are reversed, the BMA has warned.

The government must commit to “increased and sustained” spending on public health through its upcoming green paper on preventive healthcare—which is expected to be published this year—and the autumn spending review, it says in a new report.1

Over the past three years, budgets for …
Another piece of the puzzle: linking global environmental change, plant phenology, and health
Authors: Jeremy J Hess
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2019)

Some scientific puzzles take many years to solve, despite a sense of what they will depict when fully assembled. There is now abundant evidence that long-term climate change is affecting plant phenology, advancing the date of spring phenological events like bud-set, leaf-out, and flowering, increasing total pollen counts, and delaying autumnal phase phenological events, particularly in temporal zones.1 Although it logically follows that changes in pollen season variables would be widely detectable as the climate changes, documentation of these expected findings—solution of this particular puzzle—has been challenging, until now.
EPR19-069: Opioid Use Among Cancer Patients Undergoing Surgery and Their Associated Risk of Re-admissions and Emergency Department Visits in the 1-Year Postsurgical Period
Authors: Siyana Kurteva, Robyn Tamblyn, Ari Meguerditchian
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2019)

Background: Prescription opioid use and overdose has steadily increased over the past years, resulting in a dramatic increase in opioid-related emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations. Methods: This study used a prospective cohort of cancer patients having undergone surgery in Montreal (Quebec) to describe their post-discharge opioid use and identify potential patterns of unplanned health service use (ED visits, hospitalizations). Provincial health administrative claims were used to measure opioid dispensation as well as hospital re-admissions and ED visits. The hospital warehouse, patient chart and patient interview will be used to further describe patient’s medical profile. Marginal structural models will be used to model the association between use of opioids and risk of ED visits and hospitalizations. Inverse probability of treatment and censoring weights will be constructed to properly adjust for confounders that may be unbalanced between the opioid and non–opioid users as well as to account for competing risk due to mortality. Reasons for the re-admissions will also be presented as part of the analyses. Covariates will include patient comorbidities, medication history, and healthcare system characteristics such as nurse-to-patient and attending physician-to-patient ratios. Results (interim): A total of 821 were included in the study; of these, 73% (n=597) were admitted for a cancer procedure. At postoperative discharge, 605 (74%) of patients had at least one opioid dispensation, of which the majority (67%) were oxycodone with hydromorphone being the second most prescribed (28%). Among those who filled a prescription, mean age was 66 (13.4), 68% had no previous history of opioid use, and 10% have had 3 or more dispensing pharmacies in the year prior to admission, compared to less than 1% for the non–opioid users. Overall, 343 people refilled their opioid prescription at least once and 128 at least twice during the 1-year postoperative period. Among cancer patients who were opioid users, 214 ED visits occurred in the 1 year after surgery compared to only 40 for the non-cancer opioid users. Conclusion: This study will help to identify the risk profile of cancer patients who are most likely to continue using opioids for prolonged periods following surgical procedures as well as quantify the impact of opioid use and its associated burden on the healthcare system in order to identify areas for possible interventions.
Improved Prognosis of Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type (ENKL) of Nasal Origin but Not Extranasal Origin: An Analysis of NKEA Study
Authors: Motoko Yamaguchi, Ritsuro Suzuki, Kana Miyazaki, Jun Amaki, Jun Takizawa, Nodoka Sekiguchi, Shiori Inagaki, Naoto Tomita, Hideho Wada, Yukio Kobayashi, Nozomi Niitsu, Toshihiko Ando, Takeshi Maeda, Bungo Saito, Hiroshi Matsuoka, Rika Sakai, Nobuko Kubota, Yasufumi Masaki, Naoko Asano, Masahiko Oguchi, Naoyuki Katayama
Journal: Blood (2017)
Vitamin D–Binding Protein Deficiency and Homozygous Deletion of the <i>GC</i> Gene
Authors: Clark M. Henderson, Susan L. Fink, Hanan Bassyouni, Bob Argiropoulos, Lindsay Brown, Thomas J. Laha, Konner J. Jackson, Raymond Lewkonia, Patrick Ferreira, Andrew N. Hoofnagle, Julien L. Marcadier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

A 58-year-old woman with debilitating ankylosing spondylitis who was born to consanguineous parents was found to have an apparent severe vitamin D deficiency that did not respond to supplementation. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry showed the absence of circulating vitamin D-binding protein, and chromosomal microarray confirmed a homozygous deletion of the group-specific component (GC) gene that encodes the protein. Congenital absence of vitamin D-binding protein resulted in normocalcemia and a relatively mild disruption of bone metabolism, in this case complicated by severe autoimmune disease. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and the University of Washington.).