tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multiple Merger Genealogies in Outbreaks of<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>
Authors: Fabrizio Menardo, Sébastien Gagneux, Fabian Freund
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2020)

Abstract The Kingman coalescent and its developments are often considered among the most important advances in population genetics of the last decades. Demographic inference based on coalescent theory has been used to reconstruct the population dynamics and evolutionary history of several species, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), an important human pathogen causing tuberculosis. One key assumption of the Kingman coalescent is that the number of descendants of different individuals does not vary strongly, and violating this assumption could lead to severe biases caused by model misspecification. Individual lineages of MTB are expected to vary strongly in reproductive success because 1) MTB is potentially under constant selection due to the pressure of the host immune system and of antibiotic treatment, 2) MTB undergoes repeated population bottlenecks when it transmits from one host to the next, and 3) some hosts show much higher transmission rates compared with the average (superspreaders). Here, we used an approximate Bayesian computation approach to test whether multiple-merger coalescents (MMC), a class of models that allow for large variation in reproductive success among lineages, are more appropriate models to study MTB populations. We considered 11 publicly available whole-genome sequence data sets sampled from local MTB populations and outbreaks and found that MMC had a better fit compared with the Kingman coalescent for 10 of the 11 data sets. These results indicate that the null model for analyzing MTB outbreaks should be reassessed and that past findings based on the Kingman coalescent need to be revisited.
The Milroy Lectures ON THE HYGIENIC ASPECT OF THE COAL-MINING INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London
Authors: F. Shufflebotham
Journal: BMJ (1914)

On thle whole, I tlhink in this district the Act, so far as the mnedical part is concerned, is now working smoothly, and the fact that during the whole of 1913 it was only necessary to call one meeting) of the Medical Service Subcommiittee, and that for tlle purpose of electing a chairmnan, speaks for itself.This state of things is largely lue to the amniable relations tllat lhave always existed between the Local Medical and the Insu}rance Com- mittees.I consider we owe a debt of gratittude, on the medical side, to Dr. Don and Mr. Willan and the other members of the Local Medical Committee, and on the lay side, to Mr. Stableforth, Mr. Schultz, and the Insurance Commuittee as a whole, for the excellent work done, during a trying time, in our interests.The Insurance Committee lhas always endeavoured to meet our expressed wishes, to lhelp us in our difficulties, and last, but not least, has been most punctual in its payments to us.There is one arrangement under the Act to which the coiiimmittee quite willingly agreed which is deserving of all praise-I refer to the limiting of consulting hoturs to 9 to 9.30 a.m. and 6 to 7 p.m.I appreciate the 7 o'clock limilit muost.The sonatas of Beethoven are delightful; the miiusic of Sclhubert is charming; the musical cadence in Grinling's voice when reciting his own poetry, and in Campbell's when, with exquisite patlhos, he sends it reverberating amolng the " Mountainis of Morne," cannot be denied; the booming sonorousness of Russell is a thing to be remembered; but there is nothing so pleasing to my ear, so full of a nameless charm, so lwholesome and refreshing, as the sotund of my hall clock striking 7.rJ;c 4JtItl ettltdu ts ON
Abstract 10627: Prognostic Significance of Circulating Leukocyte Subtype Counts in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Masafumi Takae, Eiichiro Yamamoto, Koichiro Fujisue, Taiki Nishihara, Fumi Oike, Daisuke Sueta, Hiroki Usuku, Seiji Takashio, Kenji Sakamoto, Koichi Kaikita, Kenichi Tsujita
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: We previously reported that a high monocyte count was an independent and incremental of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease. Hypothesis: To elucidate the pr...
Epidemiology of injuries in Olympic-style karate competitions: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Reidar P Lystad, Dusana Augustovičová, Gail Harris, Kirran Beskin, Rafael Arriaza
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

Objective To report the epidemiology of injuries in Olympic-style karate competitions. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Pooled estimates of injury incidence rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (IIR AE ) and per 1000 min of exposure (IIR ME ) were obtained by fitting random-effects models. Data sources MEDLINE, Embase, AMED, SPORTDiscus and AusportMed databases were searched from inception to 21 August 2019. Eligibility criteria Prospective cohort studies published in peer-reviewed journals and reporting injury data (ie, incidence, severity, location, type, mechanism or risk factors) among athletes participating in Olympic-style karate competition. Results Twenty-eight studies were included. The estimated IIR AE and IIR ME were 88.3 (95%CI 66.6 to 117.2) and 39.2 (95%CI 30.6 to 50.2), respectively. The most commonly injured body region was the head and neck (median: 57.9%; range: 33.3% to 96.8%), while contusion (median: 68.3%; range: 54.9% to 95.1%) and laceration (median: 18.6%; range: 0.0% to 29.3%) were the most frequently reported types of injury. Despite inconsistency in classifying injury severity, included studies reported that most injuries were in the least severe category. There was no significant difference in IIR ME between male and female karate athletes (rate ratio 1.09; 95%CI 0.88 to 1.36). Conclusion Karate athletes sustain, on average, 1 injury every 11 exposures (bouts) or approximately 25 min of competition. The large majority of these injuries were minor or mild in severity.
Sonic hedgehog accelerates DNA replication to cause replication stress promoting cancer initiation in medulloblastoma
Authors: Lukas Tamayo-Orrego, David Gallo, Frédéric Racicot, Amandine Bemmo, Sushmetha Mohan, Brandon Ho, Samer Salameh, Trang Hoang, Andrew P. Jackson, Grant W. Brown, Frédéric Charron
Journal: Nature Cancer (2020)
NATIONAL OVERWEIGHT
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
OP0059 Infliximab in refractory spondyloarthropathies; preliminary results in a spanish population
Authors: E Collantes, MC Muñoz-Villanueva, R Sanmarti, JD Cañete, J Gratacos, P Zarco, C Gonzalez, JC Torre
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Infliximab, a chimeric anti-TNF-alpha antibody has been used successfully for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in combination with methotrexate. Open studies with a few number of patients suggested that infliximab as monotherapy is also effective in active spondyloarthropathies. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the efficacy of infliximab as monotherapy in patients with refractory and active spondyloarthropathy. <h3>Methods</h3> Thirty-eight week, open, multicentric and prospective trial, in 42 patients with spondyloarthropathy, according the ESSG and/or Amor criteria. All patients have disease duration of more than one year and persistent disease activity despite use of different drugs (NSAIDs, sulfasalazine, methotrexate or pamidronate). Infliximab is administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg, at 0, 2, 6, 14, 22 and 30 weeks. Clinical assessment was performed at these weeks at a week 38. Different clinical disease activity measures are performed, including BASDAI and patient global assessment of disease status. Disability is measured by BASFI and HAQ-Sp. ESR and CRP is used as laboratory parameters of inflammation. <h3>Results</h3> Preliminary results at week 0, 2 and 6 in 10 patients (3F/7M): 8 AS patients and 2 undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy; mean age: 36 ± 7 yr, mean disease duration: 14 ± 6 yr are presented in this Table 1. In all patients a significant improvement in clinical, functional and laboratory parameters were observed. This improvement was seen at week 2 (after the first dose) and is maintained at week 6. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Preliminary results of this open study show that infliximab provides a quick and significant clinical improvement in refractory spondyloarthropathies.
Myocardial Injury in COVID-19—Can We Successfully Target Inflammation?—Reply
Authors: Yongzhen Fan, Tao Guo, Zhibing Lu
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2020)

Results, and End Matter:The Brief Report "Risk of QT Interval Prolongation Associated With Use of Hydroxychloroquine With or Without Concomitant Azithromycin Among Hospitalized Patients Testing Positive for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)," 1 published online on May 1, 2020, contained 3 errors.The first was a misstated percentage in the Abstract and Results.The phrase "3 patients (3%)" should have said "3 patients (8%)."In addition, a percentage in the Results section was missing a decimal point.The phrase "(26 patients [289%]…)" should have said "(26 patients [28.9%]…)."Finally, the Corresponding
Update on Immunodeficiency-Associated Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses — Worldwide, July 2018–December 2019
Authors: Grace Macklin, Ousmane M. Diop, Asghar Humayun, Shohreh Shahmahmoodi, Zeinab A. El-Sayed, Henda Triki, Gloria Rey, Tigran Avagyan, Varja Grabovac, Jaume Jorba, Noha Farag, Ondrej Mach
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

Since establishment of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative* in 1988, polio cases have declined >99.9% worldwide; extensive use of live, attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) in routine childhood immunization programs and mass campaigns has led to eradication of two of the three wild poliovirus (WPV) serotypes (types 2 and 3) (1). Despite its safety record, OPV can lead to rare emergence of vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) when there is prolonged circulation or replication of the vaccine virus. In areas with inadequate OPV coverage, circulating VDPVs (cVDPVs) that have reverted to neurovirulence can cause outbreaks of paralytic polio (2). Immunodeficiency-associated VDPVs (iVDPVs) are isolated from persons with primary immunodeficiency (PID). Infection with iVDPV can progress to paralysis or death of patients with PID, and excretion risks seeding cVDPV outbreaks; both risks might be reduced through antiviral treatment, which is currently under development. This report updates previous reports and includes details of iVDPV cases detected during July 2018-December 2019 (3). During this time, 16 new iVDPV cases were reported from five countries (Argentina, Egypt, Iran, Philippines, and Tunisia). Alongside acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance (4), surveillance for poliovirus infections among patients with PID has identified an increased number of persons excreting iVDPVs (5). Expansion of PID surveillance will facilitate early detection and follow-up of iVDPV excretion among patients with PID to mitigate the risk for iVDPV spread. This will be critical to help identify all poliovirus excretors and thus achieve and maintain eradication of all polioviruses.
Abstract 12125: Human Factors Affect the Time to Initiation of CPR in Pediatric ICUs
Authors: Michelle Olson, Eric Helfenbein, Lynda J Knight, Lillian Su, Marc Berg, Michael Chen, Felice Su
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Recognition of cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) is critical to the timely initiation of CPR. With electronic medical records and continuous patient monitoring in ICUs we can better study ...
Prevention and Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Survivors of Adult Cancers: ASCO Guideline Update
Authors: Charles L. Loprinzi, Christina Lacchetti, Jonathan Bleeker, Guido Cavaletti, Cynthia Chauhan, Daniel L. Hertz, Mark R. Kelley, Antoinette Lavino, Maryam B. Lustberg, Judith A. Paice, Bryan P. Schneider, Ellen M. Lavoie Smith, Mary Lou Smith, Thomas J. Smith, Nina Wagner-Johnston, Dawn L. Hershman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

To update the ASCO guideline on the recommended prevention and treatment approaches in the management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in adult cancer survivors.An Expert Panel conducted targeted systematic literature reviews to identify new studies.The search strategy identified 257 new references, which led to a full-text review of 87 manuscripts. A total of 3 systematic reviews, 2 with meta-analyses, and 28 primary trials for prevention of CIPN in addition to 14 primary trials related to treatment of established CIPN, are included in this update.The identified data reconfirmed that no agents are recommended for the prevention of CIPN. The use of acetyl-l-carnitine for the prevention of CIPN in patients with cancer should be discouraged. Furthermore, clinicians should assess the appropriateness of dose delaying, dose reduction, substitutions, or stopping chemotherapy in patients who develop intolerable neuropathy and/or functional impairment. Duloxetine is the only agent that has appropriate evidence to support its use for patients with established painful CIPN. Nonetheless, the amount of benefit from duloxetine is limited.Additional information is available at www.asco.org/survivorship-guidelines.
Inhibition of CCL2 by bindarit alleviates diabetes-associated periodontitis by suppressing inflammatory monocyte infiltration and altering macrophage properties
Authors: Zongshan Shen, Shuhong Kuang, Min Zhang, Xin Huang, Jiayao Chen, Meiliang Guan, Wei Qin, Hockin H. K. Xu, Zhengmei Lin
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2020)

Abstract Diabetes-associated periodontitis (DP) aggravates diabetic complications and increases mortality from diabetes. DP is caused by diabetes-enhanced host immune-inflammatory responses to bacterial insult. In this study, we found that persistently elevated CCL2 levels in combination with proinflammatory monocyte infiltration of periodontal tissues were closely related to DP. Moreover, inhibition of CCL2 by oral administration of bindarit reduced alveolar bone loss and increased periodontal epithelial thickness by suppressing periodontal inflammation. Furthermore, bindarit suppressed the infiltration of proinflammatory monocytes and altered the inflammatory properties of macrophages in the diabetic periodontium. This finding provides a basis for the development of an effective therapeutic approach for treating DP.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection with additional radiotherapy in the treatment of T1a esophageal squamous cell cancer: randomized controlled Trial
Authors: Yuhang Zhang, Ling Liu, Qiming Wang, Linjie Guo, Liansong Ye, Hongze Zeng, Xianhui Zeng, Xianglei Yuan, Yan Li, Yuyan Zhang, Elinor Zhou, Bing Hu
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Background Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is effective for treating T1a early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, occasional recurrences are inevitable. This trial was designed to clarify the efficacy of combining ESD with additional radiotherapy in the treatment of T1a ESCC. Methods Between January 2015 and September 2018, patients with early ESCC (T1aN0M0) following ESD were randomly assigned (1:1) to the radiotherapy group or non-radiotherapy group. Patients in the radiotherapy group received a median radiation dose of 59.4 Gy within 2 months after ESD. In the non-radiotherapy group, patients underwent regular follow-up only. Recurrence-free survival, cancer-specific survival, overall survival, and complications were evaluated. Results 70 patients completed the per-protocol treatment. Three patients in the non-radiotherapy group experienced intraluminal mucosal recurrence compared with none in the radiotherapy group. No local lymph node or distant metastases occurred in either group. The 3-year cumulative recurrence-free survival was 100 % in the radiotherapy group and 85.3 % in the non-radiotherapy group (P = 0.04; hazard ratio 0.08, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.01 – 0.86). However, there was no significant difference in RFS between the treatments within the T1a invasion subgroups (P &gt; 0.05). No patient died in either group. Mucosal defects of more than three-quarters of the esophageal circumference were positively correlated with stenosis (P &lt; 0.01; odds ratio 23.26, 95 %CI 4.04 – 133.86). No severe radiation toxicities were recorded. Conclusions Radiotherapy after ESD might be a safe and effective optional therapeutic strategy to prevent recurrence of T1a ESCC.
Abstract 16047: A Comparison of Vascular Access Closure Methods Following Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter Catheter Ablation: Insights From the Vascular Closure for Cardiac Ablation Registry (VACCAR)
Authors: Sanjaya Gupta, Mohammed Moghniuddin, Rigoberto Ramirez, Omair Yousuf, Brian M Ramza, Michael J Giocondo, Daniel Steinhaus, Alan P Wimmer
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Venous access site management after atrial fibrillation/flutter catheter ablation (CA) traditionally consisted of manual compression (MC). Figure of 8 stitch (FO8) is an alternative a...
Lockdown-type measures look effective against covid-19
Authors: Thomas May
Journal: BMJ (2020)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Mechanical thrombectomy is now in routine use for acute ischaemic stroke. This service audit examines outcomes and complications in the Sheffield regional centre. <h3>Methods</h3> Data was collected retrospectively for all patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals from March 2020 – February 2021 using case notes and digital records. The data was analysed for the whole group (n=33), and for the subgroup of patients (n=8) aged over 80. <h3>Results</h3> 33 patients, aged 31-87, underwent mechanical thrombectomy. 88% had successful revasculari- sation (TICI grade 2b/3). 48% had a good functional recovery (modified Rankin scale 0-2). 6 patients had haemorrhagic transformation, though none met the SITSMOST criteria for symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage secondary to procedure. 6 patients (18%) did not survive to 90 days. In the group aged over 80, outcomes were significantly worse. In this group the rate of successful revas- cularisation was 63%, and good functional recovery (mRS 0-2) was 13%. 90 day mortality was 38%. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Outcomes from mechanical thrombectomy at Sheffield teaching hospitals are good, with nearly half of patients having a good functional recovery. However, outcomes in the subgroup of patients aged over 80 were significantly poorer, with high complication and mortality rates; this warrants further study.
Targeting tumor-associated macrophages and granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells augments PD-1 blockade in cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Emilien Loeuillard, Jingchun Yang, EeeLN Buckarma, Juan Wang, Yuanhang Liu, Caitlin Conboy, Kevin D. Pavelko, Ying Li, Daniel O’Brien, Chen Wang, Rondell P. Graham, Rory L. Smoot, Haidong Dong, Sumera Ilyas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer therapeutics. Desmoplastic malignancies, such as cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), have an abundant tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). However, to date, ICB monotherapy in such malignancies has been ineffective. Herein, we identify tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) as the primary source of programmed death–ligand 1 (PD-L1) in human and murine CCA. In a murine model of CCA, recruited PD-L1+ TAMs facilitated CCA progression. However, TAM blockade failed to decrease tumor progression due to a compensatory emergence of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) that mediated immune escape by impairing T cell response. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) of murine tumor G-MDSCs highlighted a unique ApoE G-MDSC subset enriched with TAM blockade; further analysis of a human scRNA-Seq data set demonstrated the presence of a similar G-MDSC subset in human CCA. Finally, dual inhibition of TAMs and G-MDSCs potentiated ICB. In summary, our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of coupling ICB with immunotherapies targeting immunosuppressive myeloid cells in CCA.
S-1 plus leucovorin and oxaliplatin versus S-1 plus cisplatin as first-line therapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer (SOLAR): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial
Authors: Yoon-Koo Kang, Keisho Chin, Hyun Cheol Chung, Shigenori Kadowaki, Sang Cheul Oh, Norisuke Nakayama, Keun-Wook Lee, Hiroki Hara, Ik-Joo Chung, Masahiro Tsuda, Se Hoon Park, Hisashi Hosaka, Shuichi Hironaka, Yoshinori Miyata, Min-Hee Ryu, Hideo Baba, Ichinosuke Hyodo, Yung-Jue Bang, Narikazu Boku
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2020)
Kissing scopes: treatment of complete esophageal obstruction using combined antegrade/retrograde approach
Authors: Marina Kim, Daniel Kats, Michel Kahaleh
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Corrected by: Correction: Kissing scopes: treatment of complete esophageal obstruction using combined antegrade/retrograde approachEndoscopy 2021; 53(03): C3-C3DOI: 10.1055/a-1223-0173