tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Safety, Clinical Activity, and Biological Correlates of Response in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma: Results from a Phase I Trial of Atezolizumab—Letter
Authors: Daniel A. Goldstein, Mark J. Ratain
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Hamid and colleagues report results from a phase I trial of atezolizumab in patients with melanoma ([1][1]). The article includes some correlates of response to atezolizumab; however, there is no analysis of the relationship of dose and response. Given that the average steady-state serum trough
Ketones can become the major fuel source for the heart but do not increase cardiac efficiency
Authors: Kim L Ho, Qutuba G Karwi, Cory Wagg, Liyan Zhang, Katherina Vo, Tariq Altamimi, Golam M Uddin, John R Ussher, Gary D Lopaschuk
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2020)

Abstract Aims Ketones have been proposed to be a ‘thrifty’ fuel for the heart and increasing cardiac ketone oxidation can be cardioprotective. However, it is unclear how much ketone oxidation can contribute to energy production in the heart, nor whether increasing ketone oxidation increases cardiac efficiency. Therefore, our goal was to determine to what extent high levels of the ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB), contributes to cardiac energy production, and whether this influences cardiac efficiency. Methods and results Isolated working mice hearts were aerobically perfused with palmitate (0.8 mM or 1.2 mM), glucose (5 mM) and increasing concentrations of βOHB (0, 0.6, 2.0 mM). Subsequently, oxidation of these substrates, cardiac function, and cardiac efficiency were assessed. Increasing βOHB concentrations increased myocardial ketone oxidation rates without affecting glucose or fatty acid oxidation rates where normal physiological levels of glucose (5 mM) and fatty acid (0.8 mM) are present. Notably, ketones became the major fuel source for the heart at 2.0 mM βOHB (at both low or high fatty acid concentrations), with the elevated ketone oxidation rates markedly increasing tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity, producing a large amount of reducing equivalents and finally, increasing myocardial oxygen consumption. However, the marked increase in ketone oxidation at high concentrations of βOHB was not accompanied by an increase in cardiac work, suggesting that a mismatch between excess reduced equivalents production from ketone oxidation and cardiac adenosine triphosphate production. Consequently, cardiac efficiency decreased when the heart was exposed to higher ketone levels. Conclusions We demonstrate that while ketones can become the major fuel source for the heart, they do not increase cardiac efficiency, which also underscores the importance of recognizing ketones as a major fuel source for the heart in times of starvation, consumption of a ketogenic diet or poorly controlled diabetes.
Discovery of a novel third-generation EGFR inhibitor and identification of a potential combination strategy to overcome resistance
Authors: Tao Zhang, Rong Qu, Shingpan Chan, Mengzhen Lai, Linjiang Tong, Fang Feng, Hongyu Chen, Tingting Song, Peiran Song, Gang Bai, Yingqiang Liu, Yanan Wang, Yan Li, Yi Su, Yanyan Shen, Yiming Sun, Yi Chen, Meiyu Geng, Ke Ding, Jian Ding, Hua Xie
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2020)

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with activating EGFR mutations initially respond to first-generation EGFR inhibitors; however, the efficacy of these drugs is limited by acquired resistance driven by the EGFR T790M mutation. The discovery of third-generation EGFR inhibitors overcoming EGFR T790M and their new resistance mechanisms have attracted much attention.We examined the antitumor activities and potential resistance mechanism of a novel EGFR third-generation inhibitor in vitro and in vivo using ELISA, SRB assay, immunoblotting, flow cytometric analysis, kinase array, qRT-PCR and tumor xenograft models. The clinical effect on a patient was evaluated by computed tomography scan.We identified compound ASK120067 as a novel inhibitor of EGFR T790M, with selectivity over EGFR WT. ASK120067 exhibited potent anti-proliferation activity in tumor cells harboring EGFR T790M (NCI-H1975) and sensitizing mutations (PC-9 and HCC827) while showed moderate or weak inhibition in cells expressing EGFR WT. Oral administration of ASK120067 induced tumor regression in NSCLC xenograft models and in a PDX model harboring EGFR T790M. The treatment of one patient with advanced EGFR T790M-positive NSCLC was described as proof of principle. Moreover, we found that hyperphosphorylation of Ack1 and the subsequent activation of antiapoptotic signaling via the AKT pathway contributed to ASK120067 resistance. Concomitant targeting of EGFR and Ack1 effectively overrode the acquired resistance of ASK120067 both in vitro and in vivo.Our results idenfity ASK120067 as a promising third-generation EGFR inhibitor and reveal for the first time that Ack1 activation as a novel resistance mechanism to EGFR inhibitors that guide to potential combination strategy.
A Placebo Controlled Randomised Surgical Trial Assessing The Effectiveness Of Arthroscopic Sub-acromial Decompression For Shoulder Pain (CSAW)
Authors: D J Beard, J Rees, J A Cook, I Rombach, C Cooper, N Merritt, B A Shirkey, J L Donovan, S Gwilym, J Savulescu, J Moser, A Gray, M Jepson, I Tracey, A Judge, K Wartolowska, A J Carr
Journal: The Lancet (2017)
Patterns of Opioid Administration Among Opioid-Naive Inpatients and Associations With Postdischarge Opioid Use
Authors: Julie M. Donohue, Jason N. Kennedy, Christopher W. Seymour, Timothy D. Girard, Wei-Hsuan Lo-Ciganic, Catherine H. Kim, Oscar C. Marroquin, Patience Moyo, Chung-Chou H. Chang, Derek C. Angus
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

The opioid epidemic has prompted development of guidelines to reduce opioid prescribing for patients at high risk for opioid use disorder. Many of these efforts have focused on patients seen in the...
ENDOSCOPIC DISSECTION WITH DUAL KNIFE AND REMOVAL OF OVESCO EMBEDDED IN OESOPHAGEAL STRICTURE
Authors: S Rajkumar, G Bouras
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

51 year old man had mid oesophageal perforation following 5cm long circumferential Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) of squamous cell carcinoma in situ using Duette Multiband Mucosectomy device (Cook). Perforation was closed using OVESCO with twin grasper resulting in significant luminal narrowing. Tight refractory oesophageal stricture developed with OVESCO embedded in sub- epithelial scar tissue.
SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF THE ZENKER DIVERTICULUM SEPTOTOMY (ZDS) WITH THE SB-KNIFE
Authors: AJ del Pozo-Garcia, P Hernán, JC Marín-Gabriel, SR Muñoz, S Sáenz-López, FS Gómez
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Methods Prospective enrollment of 10 non-treated symptomatic ZD patients, performed with SB-knife and diverticuloscope, under GA and antibiotics. Efficacy, safety and hospitalization were tested.
Comparison of Baseline Clinical Characteristics between Asian Vs. Non-Asian Patients with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) from International PNH Registry
Authors: Jun Ho Jang, Shinichiro Okamoto, Masatoshi Sakurai, Wen-Chien Chou, Jin Seok Kim, Amanda Wilson, Jun-Ichi Nishimura, Tzeon-Jye Chiou, Jong-Wook Lee, Yuzuru Kanakura
Journal: Blood (2017)
THE DIAGNOSTIC EFFICACY OF CONTRAST ENHANCED-ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF GASTRIC GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOR (GIST) AND NON-GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOR
Authors: H Kim, H Jang, W Ko, B Cha, Y Shin, G Kwon
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims The aim of this study is to find specific features on CE-EUS in differential diagnosis of GIST with other SETs.
INFLUENCE OF ADDITIONAL RETROGRADE INSPECTION VERSUS SECOND STANDARD FORWARD EXAMINATION ON THE DETECTION OF COLORECTAL ADENOMAS DURING COLONSCOPY: A BACK-TO-BACK RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: T Rath, S Zopf, F Vitali, E Klenske, J Siebler, MF Neurath
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Adenoma detection rate (ADR) is inversely related to the incidence of interval colorectal cancers and serves as a benchmark criterion for quality assessment during screening or surveillance colonoscopies. Within this study, we analyzed whether additional retrograde inspection of the colon can increase ADR and the number of adenomas per patient.
Delivery of Talc for Pleurodesis of Malignant Pleural Effusions
Authors: Christophe Wollbrett, Joseph Seitlinger, Stephane Renaud
Journal: JAMA (2020)

To the Editor Dr Bhatnagar and colleagues1 examined the effect of thoracoscopic talc poudrage vs talc slurry on pleurodesis in individuals with malignant pleural effusions and found no significant differences between the procedures. We have a number of concerns about the study.
DIAGNOSTIC YIELD OF BRUSH CYTOLOGY AT ERCP FOR BILE DUCT STRICTURES
Authors: G Demetriou, E Lappa, A Veniamin, A Machaira, V Valatas, A Kalogeraki, D Tamiolakis, E Kalaitzakis
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Commonly brush cytology samples are obtained from bile duct strictures during ERCP. According to a recent meta-analysis, their sensitivity to exclude cancer ranges 40%-50% with a specificity of 98%-100% (Gastrointest Endosc 2015). Our aim was to perform a clinical audit evaluating the diagnostic utility of brush cytology samples from patients undergoing ERCP due to bile duct strictures in our institution.
PEPTIC ULCER BLEEDING IN ELDERLY PATIENTS – WHAT HAS CHANGED OVER A TEN YEAR PERIOD
Authors: I Budimir, M Živković, M Nikolić, N Ljubičić, T Pavić, N Baršić, D Hrabar, M Zovak
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims To demonstrate differences in epidemiological, clinical, endoscopic characteristics and outcome in elderly patients(> 80 years) with peptic ulcer bleeding(PUB) between 2008 and 2018.
Deciphering the complex interplay between pancreatic cancer, diabetes mellitus subtypes and obesity/BMI through causal inference and mediation analyses
Authors: Esther Molina-Montes, Claudia Coscia, Paulina Gómez-Rubio, Alba Fernández, Rianne Boenink, Marta Rava, Mirari Márquez, Xavier Molero, Matthias Löhr, Linda Sharp, Christoph W Michalski, Antoni Farré, José Perea, Michael O’Rorke, William Greenhalf, Mar Iglesias, Adonina Tardón, Thomas M Gress, Victor M Barberá, Tatjana Crnogorac-Jurcevic, Luis Muñoz-Bellvís, J Enrique Dominguez-Muñoz, Harald Renz, Joaquim Balcells, Eithne Costello, Lucas Ilzarbe, Jörg Kleeff, Bo Kong, Josefina Mora, Damian O’Driscoll, Ignasi Poves, Aldo Scarpa, Jingru Yu, Manuel Hidalgo, Rita T Lawlor, Weimin Ye, Alfredo Carrato, Francisco X Real, Núria Malats
Journal: Gut (2020)

Objectives To characterise the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subtypes (new-onset T2DM (NODM) or long-standing T2DM (LSDM)) and pancreatic cancer (PC) risk, to explore the direction of causation through Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis and to assess the mediation role of body mass index (BMI). Design Information about T2DM and related factors was collected from 2018 PC cases and 1540 controls from the PanGenEU (European Study into Digestive Illnesses and Genetics) study. A subset of PC cases and controls had glycated haemoglobin, C-peptide and genotype data. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to derive ORs and 95% CIs. T2DM and PC-related single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were used as instrumental variables (IVs) in bidirectional MR analysis to test for two-way causal associations between PC, NODM and LSDM. Indirect and direct effects of the BMI-T2DM-PC association were further explored using mediation analysis. Results T2DM was associated with an increased PC risk when compared with non-T2DM (OR=2.50; 95% CI: 2.05 to 3.05), the risk being greater for NODM (OR=6.39; 95% CI: 4.18 to 9.78) and insulin users (OR=3.69; 95% CI: 2.80 to 4.86). The causal association between T2DM (57-SNP IV) and PC was not statistically significant (OR LSDM =1.08, 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.29, OR NODM =1.06, 95% CI: 0.95 to 1.17). In contrast, there was a causal association between PC (40-SNP IV) and NODM (OR=2.85; 95% CI: 2.04 to 3.98), although genetic pleiotropy was present (MR-Egger: p value=0.03). Potential mediating effects of BMI (125-SNPs as IV), particularly in terms of weight loss, were evidenced on the NODM-PC association (indirect effect for BMI in previous years=0.55). Conclusion Findings of this study do not support a causal effect of LSDM on PC, but suggest that PC causes NODM. The interplay between obesity, PC and T2DM is complex.
542 INTERNAL RADIOTHERAPY OF LIVER CANCER USING RAT HEPATOCARCINOMA-INTESTINE-PANCREAS GENE AS A LIVER TUMOR-SPECIFIC PROMOTER
Authors: J. Herve, A. Sa Cunha, B. Liu, Y. Valogne, M. Longuet, O. Bregerie, R. Boisgard, J. Roux, C. Guettier, P. Cales, B. Tavitian, D. Samuel, J. Clerc, C. Brechot, J. Faivre
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Genome-Wide Association Study in Asians Identifies Novel Loci for High Myopia and Highlights a Nervous System Role in Its Pathogenesis
Authors: Akira Meguro, Takahiro Yamane, Masaki Takeuchi, Masahiro Miyake, Qiao Fan, Wanting Zhao, I-Jong Wang, Yuki Mizuki, Norihiro Yamada, Naoko Nomura, Akitaka Tsujikawa, Fumihiko Matsuda, Yoshikatsu Hosoda, Seang-Mei Saw, Ching-Yu Cheng, Tzu-Hsun Tsai, Masao Yoshida, Yasuhito Iijima, Takeshi Teshigawara, Eiichi Okada, Masao Ota, Hidetoshi Inoko, Nobuhisa Mizuki
Journal: Ophthalmology (2020)
Ganciclovir for the Treatment of Cytomegalovirus Gastroenteritis in Bone Marrow Transplant Patients
Authors: Elizabeth C. Reed, John L. Wolford, Kenneth J. Kopecky, Kathryn E. Lilleby, Paula S. Dandliker, Jane L. Todaro, George B. McDonald, Joel D. Meyers
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Abstract Study Objective:To determine the efficacy of ganciclovir for the treatment of cytomegalovirus enteritis after bone marrow transplant. Design:A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled ...
Exhaled nitric oxide is decreased by bronchoconstriction: An effect of airflow velocity in the airways
Authors: L P Ho, F Wood, A Robson, J A Innes, A P Greening
Journal: Thorax (1998)

Exhaled NO in asthmatics is raised compared to normal subjects and it has been suggested that this measurement may be used as a non invasive method to monitor airway inflammation or response to treatment. We have noted annecdotally that patients with acute exacerbation of athma did not have substantially higher levels of exhaled NO. We therefore hypothesized that exhaled NO levels using currently accepted methods may be affected by the diameter of the airways. Methods: 10 steroid naive asthmatics (mean age 42y, mean FEV1 93%) and 10 randomly chosen asthmatics from our asthma database (on variable amounts of inhaled steroids, mean FEV1 83%, mean age 40.4y) were recruited. For the first group, exhaled NO was measured and FEV1 performed on the same day. For the second 10, exhaled NO was measured before and after histamine challenge (immediately after reaching PC20). In 4 of the 10, exhaled NO was also measured after FEV1 returned to basal levels with nebulised Salbutamol. NO was measured using single exhalation method with a chemiluminscence analyser (LR2000) at a constant flow rate and mouth pressure. Results: There was a strong corrleation between absolute FEV1 (but not % predicted FEV1) and exhaled NO in the steroid naive asthmatics (r=0.9, p<0.001, Pearson Product Moment Correlation test). In the second group, mere was a significant decrease in exhaled NO after histamine challenge (mean: 14.7 ppb (pre) v 11.6 ppb (post), p=0.001, paired t-test). There was decrease in NO in all subjects. In the 4 subjects who received a bronchodilator, exhaled NO returned to pre histamine challenge levels. Conclusion: The diameter of the airways affects the level of exhaled NO. This could be because the method of NO analysing requires a constant exhalation flow rate in all subjects in order to standardise measurements. In order to achieve the same flow rate, air flow velocity in narrower airways is increased and thus greater than that in the wider airways. For the faster airflow, there is less opportunity to remove NO produced by the airways, resulting in lower concentration of NO in the exhaled air. Thus, NO levels in exhaled breath of conditions affected by change in airways diameter may not reflect NO production in the lower airways. This may confound the use of exhaled NO as a marker of airways inflammation in asthma.
BLEEDING DURING ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND-GUIDED FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION (EUS-FNA) IN PANCREATIC CYSTIC NEOPLASM
Authors: R Palos-Cuéllar, AM Romero, OVH Mondragon, EM Perez, AM Bautista
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Follow up The patient refuse surgical treatment. Then started enteral diet, the patient evolved satisfactorily. During her 2-year follow-up the patient is asymptomatic
Abstract 13707: Age-Related Cardiomyopathy in a Transgenic Knock-In Mouse Model of Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Maureen Mburu, Samit Ghosh, Xucai Chen, Solomon F Ofori-Acquah, Flordeliza S Villanueva
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Cardiopulmonary complications are the leading cause of death in people with sickle cell disease (SCD). Cardiac complications, including left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, are prevalent ...
Positive Reinforcing Mechanisms between GPR120 and PPARγ Modulate Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Vivian A. Paschoal, Evelyn Walenta, Saswata Talukdar, Ariane R. Pessentheiner, Olivia Osborn, Nasun Hah, Tyler J. Chi, George L. Tye, Aaron M. Armando, Ronald M. Evans, Nai-Wen Chi, Oswald Quehenberger, Jerrold M. Olefsky, Da Young Oh
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2020)
Neuronal Function and Dopamine Signaling Evolve at High Temperature in Drosophila
Authors: Ana Marija Jakšić, Julia Karner, Viola Nolte, Sheng-Kai Hsu, Neda Barghi, François Mallard, Kathrin Anna Otte, Lidija Svečnjak, Kirsten-André Senti, Christian Schlötterer
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2020)

Neuronal activity is temperature sensitive and affects behavioral traits important for individual fitness, such as locomotion and courtship. Yet, we do not know enough about the evolutionary response of neuronal phenotypes in new temperature environments. Here, we use long-term experimental evolution of Drosophila simulans populations exposed to novel temperature regimes. Here, we demonstrate a direct relationship between thermal selective pressure and the evolution of neuronally expressed molecular and behavioral phenotypes. Several essential neuronal genes evolve lower expression at high temperatures and higher expression at low temperatures, with dopaminergic neurons standing out by displaying the most consistent expression change across independent replicates. We functionally validate the link between evolved gene expression and behavioral changes by pharmacological intervention in the experimentally evolved D. simulans populations as well as by genetically triggered expression changes of key genes in D. melanogaster. As natural temperature clines confirm our results for Drosophila and Anopheles populations, we conclude that neuronal dopamine evolution is a key factor for temperature adaptation.
TRANSESOPHAGEAL EUS-GUIDED CORE BIOPSY OF LUNG MASSES USING 22 G FRANSEEN-TIP NEEDLE- INITIAL EXPERIENCE
Authors: P Karagyozov, I Tishkov, I Boeva, T Minchev, P Dakova
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims The utility of EUS- guided transesophageal core biopsy of lung tumors has been rarely investigated. Most prior reported cases were performed with fine-needle aspiration or with smaller caliber FNB- needles.The aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility and safety of transesophageal EUS-guided core biopsy of pulmonary tumors using 22 G Franseen-tip needle.
Mepolizumab for Eosinophilic Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Meta-Analysis of METREX and METREO Patient-Reported Outcomes, Response to Therapy and Lung Function
Authors: K R Chapman, I D Pavord, P Paggiaro, F C Sciurba, M Bafadhel, E S Bradford, S S Harris, B Mayer, D B Rubin, S W Yancey
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2018)
MISSED UPPER GI CANCERS AFTER PREVIOUS GASTROSCOPY - WHAT RATE IS ACCEPTABLE?
Authors: R Patel, R Hall, L Hickmott, R Kumar, R Khurram, KM Ang, K Besherdas
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Early detection of upper GI cancers is necessary to optimise outcomes as late diagnosis carries a poor prognosis. Post colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) rate is a quality assurance measure that defines an acceptable miss rate but an equivalent standard does not exist for the upper GI tract. We aim to describe missed opportunities for earlier diagnosis of upper GI cancers at our Trust and investigate contributing factors.
Offline: Don't let COVID-19 divert us completely
Authors: Richard Horton
Journal: The Lancet (2020)

Dr Robert Spencer, a trustee of Dr Edward Jenner's House, Garden and Museum in Berkeley, Gloucestershire, UK, wrote to me last week on the 40th anniversary of the eradication of smallpox (May 8). He was polite but disappointed: "On this day in 1980 the WHO announced the eradication of smallpox from the world. This infection, which probably caused more deaths than any other disease, was finally condemned to the history books. Sorry to see you had no space in this week's edition of The Lancet to commemorate this milestone, especially at a time of COVID-19 pandemic." Dr Spencer was right to admonish me.
TRANSGASTRIC DRAINAGE OF PELVIC ABSCESS DUE TO ACUTE PANCREATITIS
Authors: M Bozhychko, LM Prado, SB Maxia, CM Sanjuan, JM Sempere, LC Catalá, FR Gómez, JA Casellas Valdé, JR Aparicio Tormo
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

We present two cases of transgastric drainage of abscesses in left iliac fossa after acute pancreatitis.
EUS-DIRECTED TRANSGASTROJEJUNAL ERCP: A NEW TYPE OF EDGE TECHNIQUE TO TREAT BILIARY STRICTURE AFTER WHIPPLE SURGERY THROUGH THE AFFERENT LIMB
Authors: M Gasmi, JM Gonzalez, M Barthet
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

EUS-directed transgastric ERCP is a well-known technique to access to excluded stomach after Roux-en-Y-bypass through gastro-gastrostomy or jejunogastrostomy. We described here a new approach for ERCP by performing a EUS-guided gastrojejunostomy of the afferent limb in a patient with previous Wipple procedure (EUS-GJ), referred with jaundice and pruritus.
Key residues of the receptor binding motif in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 that interact with ACE2 and neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Chunyan Yi, Xiaoyu Sun, Jing Ye, Longfei Ding, Meiqin Liu, Zhuo Yang, Xiao Lu, Yaguang Zhang, Liyang Ma, Wangpeng Gu, Aidong Qu, Jianqing Xu, Zhengli Shi, Zhiyang Ling, Bing Sun
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2020)

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is currently a major threat to public health worldwide. The viral spike protein binds the host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) via the receptor-binding domain (RBD), and thus is believed to be a major target to block viral entry. Both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV share this mechanism. Here we functionally analyzed the key amino acid residues located within receptor binding motif of RBD that may interact with human ACE2 and available neutralizing antibodies. The in vivo experiments showed that immunization with either the SARS-CoV RBD or SARS-CoV-2 RBD was able to induce strong clade-specific neutralizing antibodies in mice; however, the cross-neutralizing activity was much weaker, indicating that there are distinct antigenic features in the RBDs of the two viruses. This finding was confirmed with the available neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2. It is worth noting that a newly developed SARS-CoV-2 human antibody, HA001, was able to neutralize SARS-CoV-2, but failed to recognize SARS-CoV. Moreover, the potential epitope residues of HA001 were identified as A475 and F486 in the SARS-CoV-2 RBD, representing new binding sites for neutralizing antibodies. Overall, our study has revealed the presence of different key epitopes between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, which indicates the necessity to develop new prophylactic vaccine and antibody drugs for specific control of the COVID-19 pandemic although the available agents obtained from the SARS-CoV study are unneglectable.