tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing: Value and Risk
Authors: Mary A. Majumder, Christi J. Guerrini, Amy L. McGuire
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2020)

Although the explosive growth of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing has moderated, a substantial number of patients are choosing to undergo genetic testing outside the purview of their regular healthcare providers. Further, many industry leaders have been expanding reports to cover many more genes, as well as partnering with employers and others to expand access. This review addresses continuing concerns about DTC genetic testing quality, psychosocial impact, integration with medical practice, effects on the healthcare system, and privacy, as well as emerging concerns about third-party interpretation services and non-health-related uses such as investigative genetic genealogy. It concludes with an examination of two possible futures for DTC genetic testing: merger with traditional modes of healthcare delivery or continuation as a parallel system for patient-driven generation of health-relevant information. Each possibility is associated with distinctive questions related to value and risk.
Colloidal Surface Engineering: Growth of Layered Double Hydroxides with Intrinsic Oxidase‐Mimicking Activities to Fight Against Bacterial Infection in Wound Healing
Authors: Wendi Zhang, Yunpeng Zhao, Wenhan Wang, Jiangfan Peng, Yuanming Li, Yangtao Shangguan, Gege Ouyang, Mingyang Xu, Shuping Wang, Jingjing Wei, Huiying Wei, Weiwei Li, Zhijie Yang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Colloidal surface engineering is of particular importance to impart modular functionalities to the colloidal systems. Here, a layer of Mn/Ni layered hydroxides (Mn/Ni(OH) x LDHs) can be successfully coated on various colloidal particles, such as silica spheres, silica rods, ferrite nanocrystal supraparticles, as well as FeOOH nanorods. Such layered hydroxides have intrinsic oxidase‐mimetic activities, as demonstrated by catalytic oxidation of tetramethyl benzidine in the presence of oxygen. Furthermore, Mn/Ni(OH) x LDHs structure seems to capture bacteria (both Gram positive and Gram negative) and exhibit antibacterial properties in vitro. Moreover, local delivery of Mn/Ni‐LDH structure fights against infection and reverses delayed wound healing procedures in mice models. Importantly, such hierarchical structures may have strong adhesive properties to the bacteria, which may maximize the contact between Mn/Ni(OH) x LDHs and the bacteria's surface. Overall, the present versatile colloidal surface engineering strategy will bring new insights in the field of antibiotics for its high efficiency toward antibacterial activity.
Association of Antihypertensive Medication with Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness
Authors: Rachel S. Chong, Miao-Li Chee, Yih-Chung Tham, Shivani Majithia, Sahil Thakur, Zhen Ling Teo, Zhi Da Soh, Jacqueline Chua, Bingyao Tan, Damon W.K. Wong, Leopold Schmetterer, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Ching-Yu Cheng
Journal: Ophthalmology (2020)
Final Results of Phase 2, Open-Label Study of E7070, Idarubicin and Cytarabine in Patients (Pts) with Relapsed or Refractory (R/R) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)
Authors: Rita Assi, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Jorge E. Cortes, Tapan Kadia, Naveen Pemmaraju, Elias J. Jabbour, Nitin Jain, Naval Daver, Taisuke Uehara, Takashi Owa, Gautam Borthakur
Journal: Blood (2017)
Can β2-agonists have an ergogenic effect on strength, sprint or power performance? Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs
Authors: Amund Riiser, Trine Stensrud, Julie Stang, Lars Bo Andersen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

Objectives We aimed to examine the effect of β2-agonists on anaerobic performance in healthy non-asthmatic subjects. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Eligibility criteria We searched four databases (PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science) for randomised controlled trials, published until December 2019, examining the effect of β2-agonists on maximal physical performance lasting 1 min or shorter. Data are presented as standardised difference in mean (SDM) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results 34 studies were included in the present meta-analysis. The studies include 44 different randomised and placebo-controlled comparisons with β2-agonists comprising 323 participants in crossover trials, and 149 participants in parallel trials. In the overall analyses, β2-agonists improved anaerobic performance by 5% (SDM 0.29, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.42), but the effect was related to dose and administration route. In a stratified analysis, the SDM was 0.14 (95% CI 0.00 to 0.28) for approved β2-agonists and 0.46 (95% CI 0.24 to 0.68) for prohibited β2-agonists, respectively. Furthermore, SDM was 0.16 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.30) for inhaled administration and 0.51 (95% CI 0.25 to 0.77) for oral administration, respectively, and 0.20 (95% CI 0.07 to 0.33) for acute treatment and 0.50 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.80) for treatment for multiple weeks. Analyses stratified for the type of performance showed that strength (0.35, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.55) and sprint (0.17, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.29) performance were improved by β2-agonists. Conclusion/implication Our study shows that non-asthmatic subjects can improve sprint and strength performance by using β2-agonists. It is uncertain, however, whether World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)-approved doses of β2-agonists improve performance. Our results support that the use of β2-agonists should be controlled and restricted to athletes with documented asthma. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42018109223.
IgG removal significantly enhances detection of microarray allergen‐specific IgE reactivity in patients' serum
Authors: Youssouf Sereme, Natacha Casanovas, Moïse Michel, Audrey Martin‐Blondel, Farid Mankouri, Simon Pinchemel, Céline Chartier, Soraya Mezouar, Christophe Buffat, Ghislaine Chamayou, Antoine Blancher, Jean Bousquet, Joana Vitte, Pol André Apoil
Journal: Allergy (2020)

Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Follicular helper T cell profiles predict response to costimulation blockade in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Natalie M. Edner, Frank Heuts, Niclas Thomas, Chun Jing Wang, Lina Petersone, Rupert Kenefeck, Alexandros Kogimtzis, Vitalijs Ovcinnikovs, Ellen M. Ross, Elisavet Ntavli, Yassin Elfaki, Martin Eichmann, Roman Baptista, Philip Ambery, Lutz Jermutus, Mark Peakman, Miranda Rosenthal, Lucy S. K. Walker
Journal: Nature Immunology (2020)
Automated Quantification of Coronary Plaque using a Novel Dedicated Registration Tool: A Feasibility Study with Multi-Detector Row Computed Tomography and Intravascular Ultrasound
Authors: M.J. Boogers, E.S.J. Kroner, A. Broersen, J.D. Schuijf, J.E. van Velzen, H.M.A.M. El-Naggar, P.H. Kitslaar, F.R. de Graaf, C.J. Roos, J. Dijkstra, A. de Roos, J.W. Jukema, M.J. Schalij, J.H.C. Reiber, J.J. Bax
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Use of a Whole Genome Sequencing-based approach for Mycobacterium tuberculosis surveillance in Europe in 2017–2019: an ECDC pilot study
Authors: Elisa Tagliani, Richard Anthony, Thomas A. Kohl, Albert de Neeling, Vlad Nikolayevskyy, Csaba Ködmön, Florian P. Maurer, Stefan Niemann, Dick van Soolingen, Marieke J. van der Werf, Daniela Maria Cirillo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) can be used for molecular typing and characterisation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains. We evaluated the systematic use of a WGS-based approach for MTBC surveillance involving all European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries and highlight the challenges and lessons learnt to be considered for the future development of a WGS-based surveillance system. WGS and epidemiological data of patients with rifampicin-resistant (RR) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) were collected from EU/EEA countries between January 2017 and December 2019. WGS-based genetic relatedness analysis was performed using a standardised approach including both core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based calculation of distances on all WGS data that fulfilled minimum quality criteria to ensure data comparability. A total of 2218 RR/MDR-MTBC isolates were collected from 25 countries. Among these, 56 cross-border clusters with increased likelihood of recent transmission (≤5 SNPs distance) comprising 316 RR/MDR-MTBC isolates were identified. The cross-border clusters included between two and 30 resistant isolates from two to six countries, demonstrating different RR/MDR-TB transmission patterns in Western and Eastern EU countries. This pilot study shows that a WGS-based surveillance system is not only feasible but can efficiently elucidate the dynamics of in-country and cross-border RR/MDR-TB transmission across EU/EEA countries. Lessons learnt from this study highlight that the establishment of an EU/EEA centralised WGS-based surveillance system for TB will require strengthening of national integrated systems performing prospective WGS surveillance and the development of clear procedures to facilitate international collaboration for the investigation of cross-border clusters.
Gap junctional coupling with cardiomyocytes is essential for cardiomyogenic differentiation of fetal human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: A.A. Ramkisoensing, D.A. Pijnappels, J. Swildens, M.J. Goumans, M.J. Schalij, A.A.F. de Vries, D.E. Atsma
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)
Mapping systemic lupus erythematosus heterogeneity at the single-cell level
Authors: Djamel Nehar-Belaid, Seunghee Hong, Radu Marches, Guo Chen, Mohan Bolisetty, Jeanine Baisch, Lynnette Walters, Marilynn Punaro, Robert J. Rossi, Cheng-Han Chung, Richie P. Huynh, Prashant Singh, William F. Flynn, Joy-Ann Tabanor-Gayle, Navya Kuchipudi, Asuncion Mejias, Magalie A. Collet, Anna Lisa Lucido, Karolina Palucka, Paul Robson, Santhanam Lakshminarayanan, Octavio Ramilo, Tracey Wright, Virginia Pascual, Jacques F. Banchereau
Journal: Nature Immunology (2020)
Is group C really needed as a separate group from D in COPD? A single-center cross-sectional study
Authors: E.E. Yazar, B. Yi..itba.., E.Y. Niksarl..o..lu, M. Bayraktaro..lu, S. Kul
Journal: Pulmonology (2020)

GOLD 2017 report proposed that the combined COPD assessment should be done according only to symptom burden and exacerbation history in the previous year. This study aims to investigate the change in the COPD groups after the GOLD 2017 revision and also to discuss the evaluation of group C and D as a single group after the GOLD 2019 report. The study was designed as a cross-sectional. 251 stable COPD patients admitted to our out-patient clinic; aged ≥40 years, at least one-year diagnosis of COPD and ≥10 pack-year smoking history were consecutively recruited for the study. In GOLD 2017, a significant difference was found between the distribution of all groups compared to GOLD 2011 (P = 0,001). 31 patients included in group C were reclassified into group A and 37 patients in group D were reclassified into group B. The FEV1 values of group A and B patients were significantly low and group C and D patients had had exacerbations in more frequently the previous year in GOLD 2017 compared to GOLD 2011. After the GOLD 2017 revision, the rate of group C patients decreased even more compared to GOLD 2011 and the group C and D may be considered as a single group in terms of the treatment recommendations with the GOLD 2019 revision. We think that future prospective studies are needed to support this suggestion.
In-Parallel Ventilator Sharing during an Acute Shortage: Too Much Risk for a Wider Uptake
Authors: J. Geoffrey Chase, Yeong-Shiong Chiew, Bernard Lambermont, Philippe Morimont, Geoffrey M. Shaw, Thomas Desaive
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)

of eosinophilic asthma with the potential benefit of inhibiting eosinophilic airway inflammation for at least 30 days after one injection.A recent case report supports the use of benralizumab in this way (10).Larger studies are needed to determine whether this strategy is clinically effective and cost effective.
COVID-19, racism, and the pursuit of health care and research worthy of trust
Authors: Lisa A. Cooper, Deidra C. Crews
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

the US had reported its first deaths from COVID-19.It was not long before the overrepresentation of African American, Latino, and Native American populations among reported coronavirus infections and deaths became apparent.African Americans and Latino individuals have been approximately three times as likely to become infected and twice as likely to die from the virus as Whites.At the same time, calls for racial justice have erupted in the wake of several high-profile killings of African Americans -most notably, the murder of George Floyd on May 25, 2020, witnessed by the world on video recording, after more than eight minutes of having a police officer kneel on his neck as he repeatedly cried out, "I can't breathe."
<i>Notes from the Field:</i> Public Health Efforts to Mitigate COVID-19 Transmission During the April 7, 2020, Election ― City of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, March 13–May 5, 2020
Authors: Heather Paradis, Julie Katrichis, Michael Stevenson, Nicholas Tomaro, Rachel Mukai, Griselle Torres, Sanjib Bhattacharyya, Jeanette Kowalik, Karen Schlanger, Eva Leidman
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)
Decreased left ventricular capacitance is associated with a titin isoform shift and reduced titin phosphorylation in a porcine model of early heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: M. Schwarzl, S. Seiler, A. Alogna, N. Hamdani, W. Linke, J. Verderber, P. Steendijk, B.M. Pieske, H. Post
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)
Outcome of Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Receiving First Line Therapy: A Swedish Nation-Wide Study on 1053 Consecutive Patients Treated between 2007 and 2013
Authors: Sandra Eketorp Sylvan, Anna Asklid, Hemming Johansson, Jenny Klintman, Jenny Bjellvi, Staffan Tolvgård, Eva Kimby, Stefan Norin, P-O Andersson, Claes Karlsson, Karin Karlsson, Birgitta Lauri, Mattias Mattsson, Anna Bergendahl Sandstedt, Maria Strandberg, Anders Österborg, Lotta Hansson
Journal: Blood (2017)
Digitizing clinical trials
Authors: O. T. Inan, P. Tenaerts, S. A. Prindiville, H. R. Reynolds, D. S. Dizon, K. Cooper-Arnold, M. Turakhia, M. J. Pletcher, K. L. Preston, H. M. Krumholz, B. M. Marlin, K. D. Mandl, P. Klasnja, B. Spring, E. Iturriaga, R. Campo, P. Desvigne-Nickens, Y. Rosenberg, S. R. Steinhubl, R. M. Califf
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2020)

Abstract Clinical trials are a fundamental tool used to evaluate the efficacy and safety of new drugs and medical devices and other health system interventions. The traditional clinical trials system acts as a quality funnel for the development and implementation of new drugs, devices and health system interventions. The concept of a “digital clinical trial” involves leveraging digital technology to improve participant access, engagement, trial-related measurements, and/or interventions, enable concealed randomized intervention allocation, and has the potential to transform clinical trials and to lower their cost. In April 2019, the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) held a workshop bringing together experts in clinical trials, digital technology, and digital analytics to discuss strategies to implement the use of digital technologies in clinical trials while considering potential challenges. This position paper builds on this workshop to describe the current state of the art for digital clinical trials including (1) defining and outlining the composition and elements of digital trials; (2) describing recruitment and retention using digital technology; (3) outlining data collection elements including mobile health, wearable technologies, application programming interfaces (APIs), digital transmission of data, and consideration of regulatory oversight and guidance for data security, privacy, and remotely provided informed consent; (4) elucidating digital analytics and data science approaches leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms; and (5) setting future priorities and strategies that should be addressed to successfully harness digital methods and the myriad benefits of such technologies for clinical research.
Participants' Results Of Three Rounds Of The Randomised Dutch-Belgian Lung Cancer Screening Trial; A Volumetry-Based Computer Tomography Screening Strategy
Authors: N. Horeweg, C.M. van der Aalst, R. Vliegenthart, Y. Zhao, X. Xie, E.T. Scholten, W. Mali, E. Thunnissen, C. Weenink, H.J.M. Groen, J.W.J. Lammers, K. Lammers, J. van Rosmalen, M. Oudkerk, H.J. de Koning
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)
Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer patients with different metastatic sites: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Kaili Yang, Lin Zhao, Jiarui Li, Chunmei Bai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e21684 Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that bone, brain and liver metastases are poor prognosis factors of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aims to compare the efficacy of ICIs with conventional therapy in NSCLC patients with bone, brain or liver metastases. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL were searched for prospective studies comparing ICIs with conventional therapy in NSCLC patients with bone, brain or liver metastases. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) among included studies was analyzed using the random-effects model. Results: From 1,195 relevant articles, eight studies with high methodological quality consisting of 988 patients were included in the analysis. ICIs significantly improved OS for patients with brain metastases (HR = 0.57; 95%CI: 0.37-0.86; P = 0.007). Among patients with liver metastases, OS (HR = 0.72; 95%CI: 0.57-0.91; P = 0.006) and PFS (HR = 0.72; 95%CI: 0.49-0.87; P = 0.004) improvement was observed in the ICI treatment arm. No available study with bone metastases information was identified. Subgroup analysis revealed that PD-1 inhibitors could benefit patients on OS and PFS regardless of metastatic sites. Sensitivity analysis indicated good stability of this analysis. No obvious heterogeneity or publication bias was detected. Conclusions: ICIs could significantly improve OS in patients with brain metastases and both OS and PFS in patients with liver metastases. Although brain and liver metastases are generally regarded as poor prognostic factors for immunotherapy, this study still indicates ICIs are effective therapeutic options for NSCLC patients with these metastatic sites.
Ten‐Eleven Translocation 1 Promotes Malignant Progression of Cholangiocarcinoma With Wild‐Type Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1
Authors: Xuewei Bai, Hongyu Zhang, Yamei Zhou, Katsuya Nagaoka, Jialin Meng, Chengcheng Ji, Dan Liu, Xianghui Dong, Kevin Cao, Joud Mulla, Zhixiang Cheng, William Mueller, Amalia Bay, Grace Hildebrand, Shaolei Lu, Joselynn Wallace, Jack R. Wands, Bei Sun, Chiung‐Kuei Huang
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly lethal disease without effective therapeutic approaches. The whole-genome sequencing data indicate that about 20% of patients with CCA have isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations, which have been suggested to target 2-oxoglutarate (OG)-dependent dioxygenases in promoting CCA carcinogenesis. However, the clinical study indicates that patients with CCA and mutant IDH1 have better prognosis than those with wild-type IDH1, further complicating the roles of 2-OG-dependent enzymes. This study aimed to clarify if ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1), which is one of the 2-OG-dependent enzymes functioning in regulating 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) formation, is involved in CCA progression. By analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data set, TET1 mRNA was found to be substantially up-regulated in patients with CCA when compared with noncancerous bile ducts. Additionally, TET1 protein expression was significantly elevated in human CCA tumors. CCA cells were challenged with α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and dimethyl-α-KG (DM-α-KG), which are cosubstrates for TET1 dioxygenase. The treatments with α-KG and DM-α-KG promoted 5hmC formation and malignancy of CCA cells. Molecular and pharmacological approaches were used to inhibit TET1 activity, and these treatments substantially suppressed 5hmC and CCA carcinogenesis. Mechanistically, it was found that knockdown of TET1 may suppress CCA progression by targeting cell growth and apoptosis through epigenetic regulation. Consistently, targeting TET1 significantly inhibited CCA malignant progression in a liver orthotopic xenograft model by targeting cell growth and apoptosis. Our data suggest that expression of TET1 is highly associated with CCA carcinogenesis. It will be important to evaluate TET1 expression in CCA tumors before application of the IDH1 mutation inhibitor because the inhibitor suppresses 2-hydroxyglutarate expression, which may result in activation of TET, potentially leading to CCA malignancy.
NHS England workforce plan fails to tackle staff shortages, say health leaders
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Healthcare leaders have welcomed ambitions set out in an NHS workforce plan for England to improve staff wellbeing, but they expressed disappointment over a lack of commitment to new funding and more staff.

Despite having been promised by the end of 20191 the NHS People Plan was published on 30 July,2 after an interim workforce plan published in June 2019.3 A third workforce plan is also due after the government’s spending review has confirmed future NHS education and training budgets.

Speaking at the Royal College of Physicians in London on 30 July, England’s health secretary, Matt Hancock, said that the covid-19 pandemic had led to an improvement in facilities for staff. “Good food. Decent rest facilities. Someone to talk to about the most difficult experiences that frontline colleagues faced,” he said.

But he said that it should not have …