tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tumor angiogenesis genotyping and efficacy of first-line chemotherapy in metastatic gastric cancer patients.
Authors: Mario Scartozzi, Riccardo Giampieri, Cristian Loretelli, Alessandro Bittoni, Alessandra Mandolesi, Luca Faloppi, Michela Del Prete, Maristella Bianconi, Kalliopi Andrikou, Italo Bearzi, Stefano Cascinu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

64 Background: An altered expression of tumour angiogenesis-related factors has been constantly associated to a more aggressive phenotype and an increased relapse rate in several tumour types, including gastric cancer. Besides correlating with prognosis, tumour-driven angiogenesis seemed also able to influence response/resistance to chemotherapy in pre-clinical models. We examined the role of tumour angiogenesis genotyping in determining clinical outcome in metastatic gastric cancer patients receiving first-line chemotherapy. Methods: VEGF-A, VEGF-C, FLT1, KDR and FLT4 genotyping was performed on gastric tumours from 94 consecutive patients receiving platinum-based first-line chemotherapy. Results: Only theVEGF A rs25648 correlated with RR (PR = 18% among patients showing the VEGF A rs25648 CT or TT genotype vs. 44% among patients showing the VEGF A rs25648 CC genotype, p = 0.04). The VEGF A (rs2010963) and VEGF C (rs4604600 and rs7664413) correlated with mPFS and the VEGF A rs25648 and FLT4 rs307833 correlated with both mPFS and OS. Among other clinical variables tested (sex, age, ECOG performance status, gastrectomy, adjuvant chemotherapy, metastatic sites and second-line chemotherapy) only the use of second-line chemotherapy correlated with improved overall survival (10.2 months vs. 6.3 months for patients who received or did not receive second-line, p= 0.003). At multivariate the VEGF A rs25648 maintained an independent role in determining both median PFS (HR = 1.65 95% CI: 1.12-2.78, p= &lt; 0.0001) and OS (HR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.17-2.65, p = 0.0003). The use of second-line chemotherapy also showed an independent role in determining median OS (HR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.38-0.87, p= 0.003). Conclusions: VEGF A rs25648 genotyping may help identifying a patients subgroup unlikely to benefit from a first-line, platinum-based combination and potentially candidate to alternative therapy choices. Our data may help designing future clinical trials with the aim to investigate the outcome of different chemotherapy regimens in different patients groups prospectively stratified according to angiogenesis profile.
Helmet continuous positive airway pressure and prone positioning: A proposal for an early management of COVID-19 patients
Authors: F. Longhini, A. Bruni, E. Garofalo, P. Navalesi, G. Grasselli, R. Cosentini, G. Foti, A. Mattei, M. Ippolito, G. Accurso, F. Vitale, A. Cortegiani, C. Gregoretti
Journal: Pulmonology (2020)
Diffuse Hypermetabolic Bone Marrow Infiltration in Severe Primary Hyperoxaluria on FDG PET
Authors: David Tonnelet, Khadija Benali, Camille Rasmussen, Tiphaine Goulenok, Eve Piekarski
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract A 24-year-old man, with type 1 primary hyperoxaluria (diagnosed at age 20 years after repeated renal lithiasis, due to a I244T mutation frequently encountered in Mediterranean countries) complicated by end-stage renal failure requiring dialysis, was admitted for pancytopenia, refractory to erythropoietin injections. On clinical examination, he presented a hepatosplenomegaly without palpable adenopathy. 18 F-FDG PET/CT revealed intense and diffuse bone marrow uptake in the axial skeleton and preferential long bone metaphyseal uptake. Bone marrow aspiration showed Gaucher-like cells infiltration due to oxalate accumulation in macrophages, leading to the diagnosis of bone marrow involvement by primary hyperoxaluria.
Developmental Consequences of Prenatal Telbivudine Exposure during the Third Trimester
Authors: Calvin Q. Pan, Ming-Hui Li, Hui-Hui Zeng, Ying Zhang, Wei-Hua Cao, Ying Wang, Ming-Fang Zhou, Yu-Hong Hu, Gang Wan, Yao Xie, Wei Yi
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)
Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Heterogeneity and Its Impact on Benefit From Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in NSCLC
Authors: Lingzhi Hong, Marcelo V. Negrao, Seyedeh S. Dibaj, Runzhe Chen, Alexandre Reuben, Jadi M. Bohac, Xiaoke Liu, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Carl M. Gay, Tina Cascone, Kyle G. Mitchell, Hai T. Tran, Xiuning Le, Lauren A. Byers, Boris Sepesi, Mehmet Altan, Yasir Y. Elamin, Frank V. Fossella, Jonathan M. Kurie, Charles Lu, Frank E. Mott, Anne S. Tsao, Waree Rinsurongkawong, Jeff Lewis, Don L. Gibbons, Bonnie S. Glisson, George R. Blumenschein, Emily B. Roarty, P. Andrew Futreal, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Jack A. Roth, Stephen G. Swisher, Vassiliki A. Papadimitrakopoulou, John V. Heymach, J. Jack Lee, George R. Simon, Jianjun Zhang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2020)

IntroductionProgrammed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression may vary in different disease sites and at different time points of the disease course. We aimed to investigate PD-L1 heterogeneity and its usefulness as a predictive value for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in patients with NSCLC.MethodsPD-L1 expression was analyzed in 1398 patients with NSCLC. The predictive value of PD-L1 for ICIs in 398 patients with metastatic NSCLC was assessed.ResultsPD-L1 was significantly associated with biopsy sites (p = 0.004). Adrenal, liver, and lymph node (LN) metastases had the highest PD-L1 expression as a continuous variable and at 1% or 50% cutoff. PD-L1 expression was lower in bone and brain metastases. Among 112 patients with two specimens tested, 55 (49%) had major changes in PD-L1 falling into different clinically relevant categories (<1%, 1%–49%, ≥50%) at different time points. Previous ICI therapy was associated with significant decrease in PD-L1 compared with treatment-naive counterparts (p = 0.015). Patients with metastatic NSCLC treated with ICI (n = 398) were divided into three cohorts on the basis of biopsy sites: lung (n = 252), LN (n = 85), and distant metastasis (n = 61). Higher PD-L1 in lung or distant metastasis specimens was associated with higher response rate, longer progression-free survival, and overall survival. However, PD-L1 in LN biopsies was not associated with either response or survival.ConclusionsPD-L1 varies substantially across different anatomical sites and changes during the clinical course. PD-L1 from different biopsy sites may have different predictive values for benefit from ICIs in NSCLC.
Quantifying technical confounders in microbiome studies
Authors: Theda U P Bartolomaeus, Till Birkner, Hendrik Bartolomaeus, Ulrike Löber, Ellen G Avery, Anja Mähler, Daniela Weber, Bastian Kochlik, András Balogh, Nicola Wilck, Michael Boschmann, Dominik N Müller, Lajos Markó, Sofia K Forslund
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2020)

Recent technical developments have allowed the study of the human microbiome to accelerate at an unprecedented pace. Methodological differences may have considerable impact on the results obtained. Thus, we investigated how different storage, isolation, and DNA extraction methods can influence the characterization of the intestinal microbiome, compared to the impact of true biological signals such as intraindividual variability, nutrition, health, and demographics.An observative cohort study in 27 healthy subjects was performed. Participants were instructed to collect stool samples twice spaced by a week, using six different methods (naive and Zymo DNA/RNA Shield on dry ice, OMNIgene GUT, RNALater, 95% ethanol, Zymo DNA/RNA Shield at room temperature). DNA extraction from all samples was performed comparatively using QIAamp Power Fecal and ZymoBIOMICS DNA Kits. 16S rRNA sequencing of the gut microbiota as well as qPCRs were performed on the isolated DNA. Metrics included alpha diversity as well as multivariate and univariate comparisons of samples, controlling for covariate patterns computationally. Interindividual differences explained 7.4% of overall microbiome variability, whereas the choice of DNA extraction method explained a further 5.7%. At phylum level, the tested kits differed in their recovery of Gram-positive bacteria, which is reflected in a significantly skewed enterotype distribution.DNA extraction methods had the highest impact on observed microbiome variability, and were comparable to interindividual differences, thus may spuriously mimic the microbiome signatures of various health and nutrition factors. Conversely, collection methods had a relatively small influence on microbiome composition. The present study provides necessary insight into the technical variables which can lead to divergent results from seemingly similar study designs. We anticipate that these results will contribute to future efforts towards standardization of microbiome quantification procedures in clinical research.
Abstract 15855: Prognostic Impact of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Derived Left Atrial Function in Patients With Advanced Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: A Novel Interaction With Left Ventricular Remodeling
Authors: Laura Young, Natalie Ho, Nancy Obuchowski, Grace Karam, Julijana Conic, Brian Griffin, Scott Flamm, Deborah Kwon
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: While left atrial volume has been shown to be a powerful predictor of adverse outcomes, the significance of left atrial function (LAF) is not clear in patients with advanced ischemic ...
Prevention of Nosocomial Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections through Compliance with Glove and Gown Isolation Precautions
Authors: Jeanne M. Leclair, Jonathan Freeman, Bernadette F. Sullivan, Constance M. Crowley, Donald A. Goldmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

To determine whether increased compliance with a policy of glove and gown isolation precautions could reduce the high rate of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection on an infant and toddler ward, we conducted a longitudinal intervention trial during three RSV seasons, from 1982 to 1985, with an intervention to increase compliance introduced midway through the second season. The risk of acquiring RSV infection in the hospital was adjusted for the intensity of nosocomial exposure to the virus by assigning each study week to one of five strata, defined by the proportion of hospital days on which virus was shed by children on the ward. Overall, 37 patients acquired nosocomial RSV infections during 7547 days at risk. The adjusted relative risk, comparing the infection rate in the period before the intervention (when compliance with isolation precautions was noted in only 38.5 percent of the observed patient contacts) with the infection rate in the postintervention period (when compliance more than doubled) was 2.9 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.5 to 5.7). Rates of nosocomial RSV infection increased linearly with increasing levels of exposure to patients shedding virus, but the rise in the infection rate with increasing exposure was less than one fourth as great (P less than 0.001) in the period after the intervention as it was before. We conclude that glove and gown precautions can substantially reduce the nosocomial transmission of RSV, particularly with increasing exposure to patients shedding the virus.
Psychological consequences of the normativity of moral obligation
Authors: Stephen Darwall
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2020)

Abstract An adequate moral psychology of obligation must bear in mind that although the “sense of obligation” is psychological, what it is a sense of, moral obligation itself, is not. It is irreducibly normative. I argue, therefore, that the “we” whose demands the sense of obligation presupposes must be an ideal rather than an actual “we.”
Impact of CVVH on monocyte activation in the critically ill.
Authors: R. Rokyta, M. Holub, M. Matějovič, J. Hanzlíková, I. Novák, P. Hora, K. Balihar, Vladimír Šrámek
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

The compactof extracorporal elimination techniques on
immunocompetence markers in critically ill.
Exercise-induced asthma.
Authors: R S McNeill, J R Nairn, J S Millar, C G Ingram
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Exercise maintained for approximately eight minutes results in a fall in F.E.V.1 a rise in airway resistance, and impaired gas distribution in asthmatic subjects. These effects are usually maximal within 15 minutes after cessation of exercise and recovery takes place over the next 30 minutes.

Measurement of airway resistance before and after exercise in normal subjects suggests that the same mechanism is operating in them.

Hyperventilation stimulated by the inhalation of carbon dioxide has failed to produce a similar effect.

Chlorpromazine, atropine, mepyramine maleate, and hydrocortisone administered before exercise have failed to block the effect but adrenaline has succeeded.

It has been possible in a few subjects to lessen the effect of exercise by repeated exercise on the same day and we interpret this as pointing towards the depletion of a bronchoconstrictor substance released in the earlier periods. The possible substances are discussed.
Decreased Quality of Life Is Significantly Associated With Body Composition in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Niharika Samala, Archita Desai, Eduardo Vilar-Gomez, Emily R. Smith, Samer Gawrieh, Carla D. Kettler, Francis Pike, Naga Chalasani
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)
How GPs can contribute to the challenge of covid-19
Authors: Klaus Green
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Before Greenhalgh and colleagues’ excellent article on assessing patients remotely for covid-19 was published,1 my practice had made lists of “covid likely” patients based on consultations and out-of-hours reports. We had begun supporting these patients remotely by phone or video to assess, reassure, and determine if escalation was required. This service is deeply appreciated by anxious patients, desperate for a consistent trusted voice, and plays to our strengths …
Combined Oral Administration of Analgesia and Anxiolysis for Pain Associated with Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy
Authors: Claudio Cerichione, Marco Picardi, Novella Pugliese, Roberta Della Pepa, Angela Gravetti, Aniello Casoria, Davide Nappi, Giuseppe Ciancia, Fabrizio Pane, Vincenzo Martinelli
Journal: Blood (2018)
Limitations of Case Register Studies for Violence and Psychiatric Disorders—Reply
Authors: Amir Sariaslan, Seena Fazel
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
PTH-007 Contemporary stretta therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease in light of PPI concern friend or FOE?
Authors: Mazin Aljabiri, Kote Shamsheer, Omar Rathore, lea Mediodia, Aishwarya Pradeep, Antonette Santos, Evelyn Daulat, Charmaine Villarnanda, Doreen Rabon, Lysander Ipo, Myra Concepcion, Joyce Villanueva, Terryliz Lazaro, Aurellio Balizario, Gesina George, Stephy Devassy, Almain Eslim, Asha Suralal, Andrea Kahlenberg, Hanna Gattner, Kate McCombe, Kavita Mordani, Majid Abdulla, Mohamed Aboukofa, Murielle Bertin, Salim Sherllalah, Ziad Nesnas
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

<h3>Background</h3> Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is one of the leading gastrointestinal disorders,Patients with GORD often seek alternative therapy for inadequate symptom control,with over 40%not responding to medical treatment.Current treatments include lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapies,surgical and STRETTA therapy that is a minimally invasive procedure that significantly reduces GORD symptoms, allowing the majority of patients to eliminate or decrease use of PPIs. <h3>Methods and patients</h3> A multi-centre retrospective data collected from three Mediclinic Middle East centres in DubaiUAE on(75)patients,period Jan2015-Nov2017.Most Patients evaluated had ambulatory 24 hour pH testing and previous gastroscopy for assessment of LOS.3 patients had Previous Nissan fundoplication (NF) surgery and 1 had previous gastric bypass.Stretta uses radiofrequency(RF)energy delivered to the tissues of the distal lower Oesophageal sphincter (LOS) and gastric cardia,which decreases LOS compliance,increases LOS muscle mass,and limits the inappropriate transient LOS relaxations responsible for GORD.Patients were followed up 2 wks,30 days,3 months and one year. <h3>Results</h3> Prior DeMeester score average of 99,with hypotensive LOS pressure.There was a small learning curve(45±7) min for the first 10 procedures;mild to moderate pain during the first 72postoperative hours was controlled with paracetamol syrup.Two(2.5%)complications;one patient presented with ulcerative esophagitis 7 days after the Stretta treatment,and one patient developed pneumonia 5 days postoperatively.50patients(63%)were 50%on reduced PPI dose at two months and 61patients(77%)were off treatment at 6 months and 70patients(88%)at 12 months were off all antisecretory medication.The other five patients (6%)were on PRN PPI. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In our study 88% of patients were off PPIs at one year. The rising concern of long-term side effects of the popular proton-pump inhibitors have prompted reinterest in endoscopic procedures for GORD and also economic significance as the costs of long-term pharmacological treatment are tremendous.STRETTA delivery significantly improved GORD symptoms with high efficacy and low complication rate endoscopic procedure. This procedure represents an excellent alternative for selected symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease patients who are intolerant of/or desire an alternative to, traditional medical therapies.
Cigarette smoke-initiated autoimmunity facilitates sensitisation to elastin-induced COPD-like pathologies in mice
Authors: Jie-Sen Zhou, Zhou-Yang Li, Xu-Chen Xu, Yun Zhao, Yong Wang, Hai-Pin Chen, Min Zhang, Yin-Fang Wu, Tian-Wen Lai, Chun-Hong Di, Ling-Ling Dong, Juan Liu, Nan-Xia Xuan, Chen Zhu, Yan-Ping Wu, Hua-Qiong Huang, Fu-Gui Yan, Wen Hua, Yi Wang, Wei-Ning Xiong, Hui Qiu, Tao Chen, Dong Weng, Hui-Ping Li, Xiaobo Zhou, Lie Wang, Fang Liu, Xin Lin, Song-Min Ying, Wen Li, Mitsuru Imamura, Mary E. Choi, Martin R. Stampfli, Augustine M.K. Choi, Zhi-Hua Chen, Hua-Hao Shen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

It is currently not understood whether cigarette smoke exposure facilitates sensitisation to self-antigens and whether ensuing auto-reactive T cells drive chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-associated pathologies. To address this question, mice were exposed to cigarette smoke for 2 weeks. Following a 2-week period of rest, mice were challenged intratracheally with elastin for 3 days or 1 month. Rag1 −/− , Mmp12 −/− , and Il17a −/− mice and neutralising antibodies against active elastin fragments were used for mechanistic investigations. Human GVAPGVGVAPGV/HLA-A*02:01 tetramer was synthesised to assess the presence of elastin-specific T cells in patients with COPD. We observed that 2 weeks of cigarette smoke exposure induced an elastin-specific T cell response that led to neutrophilic airway inflammation and mucus hyperproduction following elastin recall challenge. Repeated elastin challenge for 1 month resulted in airway remodelling, lung function decline and airspace enlargement. Elastin-specific T cell recall responses were dose dependent and memory lasted for over 6 months. Adoptive T cell transfer and studies in T cells deficient Rag1 −/− mice conclusively implicated T cells in these processes. Mechanistically, cigarette smoke exposure-induced elastin-specific T cell responses were matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)12-dependent, while the ensuing immune inflammatory processes were interleukin 17A-driven. Anti-elastin antibodies and T cells specific for elastin peptides were increased in patients with COPD. These data demonstrate that MMP12-generated elastin fragments serve as a self-antigen and drive the cigarette smoke-induced autoimmune processes in mice that result in a bronchitis-like phenotype and airspace enlargement. The study provides proof of concept of cigarette smoke-induced autoimmune processes and may serve as a novel mouse model of COPD.
Cow’s milk allergy guidelines are not evidence based and are beset by conflicts of interest, researchers warn
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Guidelines that advise doctors to manage common infant symptoms as cow’s milk allergy are not evidence based and might be promoting overdiagnosis, a study has found.

Researchers from Imperial College London said that the advice was especially inappropriate for breastfed infants who are not directly consuming cow’s milk and risked undermining confidence in breastfeeding.1

The evidence review, published in JAMA Paediatrics , also concluded that cow’s milk allergy guidelines were rife with conflicts of interest. Three of the guidelines it analysed were directly supported by formula manufacturers or marketing consultants, and eight in 10 guideline authors reported a conflict of interest with formula manufacturers.

The findings follow an investigation published in The BMJ in 2018,2 which revealed that allergy to cow’s milk protein might be acting as a Trojan horse …