tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Neurobiological Mechanisms of Cortical Thinning During Childhood and Adolescence and Their Implications for Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Nadine Parker, Yash Patel, Andrea P. Jackowski, Pedro M. Pan, Giovanni Abrahao Salum, Zdenka Pausova, Tomáš Paus
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Many psychiatric disorders can be conceptualized as disorders of brain maturation during childhood and adolescence. Discovering the neurobiological underpinnings of brain maturation may elucidate molecular pathways of vulnerability and resilience to such disorders. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of age-associated cortical thinning during maturation and their implications for psychiatric disorders. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This multicohort analysis used data from 3 community-based studies. The Saguenay Youth Study provided data from 1024 adolescents who were recruited at a single site in Quebec, Canada. The IMAGEN cohort provided data from 1823 participants who were recruited in 8 European cities. The Brazil High Risk Cohort Study for the Development of Childhood Psychiatric Disorders provided data from 815 participants who were recruited in 2 Brazilian cities. Cortical thickness was estimated from the results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and age-associated cortical thinning was estimated in 34 cortical regions. Gene expression from the Allen Human Brain Atlas was aligned with the same regions. Similarities in the interregional profiles of gene expression and the profiles of age-associated cortical thinning were measured. The involvement of dendrites, dendritic spines, and myelin was tested using 3 gene panels. Enrichment for genes associated with psychiatric disorders was tested among the genes associated with thinning and their coexpression networks. Data analysis was conducted between March and October 2019. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> MRI-derived estimates of age-associated cortical thinning and gene expression in 34 cortical regions. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 3596 individuals aged 9 to 21 years were included in this study. Of those, 1803 participants (50.1%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 15.2 (2.6) years. Interregional profiles of age-associated cortical thinning were associated with interregional gradients in the expression of genes associated with dendrites, dendritic spines, and myelin; the variance in thinning explained by the gene panels across different points ranged from 0.45% to 10.55% for the dendrite panel, 0.00% to 9.98% for the spine panel, and 0.19% to 26.39% for the myelin panel. These genes and their coexpression networks were enriched for genes associated with several psychiatric disorders. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this study, genetic similarity between interregional variation in cortical thinning during maturation and multiple psychiatric disorders suggests overlapping molecular underpinnings. This finding adds to the understanding of the neurodevelopmental mechanisms of psychiatric disorders.
Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal Sirolimus for Noninfectious Uveitis of the Posterior Segment
Authors: Pauline T. Merrill, W. Lloyd Clark, Alay S. Banker, Christine Fardeau, Pablo Franco, Phuc LeHoang, Shigeaki Ohno, Sivakumar R. Rathinam, Yusuf Ali, Sri Mudumba, Naveed Shams, Quan Dong Nguyen
Journal: Ophthalmology (2020)

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal sirolimus in the management of noninfectious uveitis of the posterior segment (NIU-PS).Combined analysis of 2 phase 3, randomized, double-masked, multinational, 6-month studies.Adults with active NIU-PS (intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, or panuveitis; defined as vitreous haze [VH] ≥1.5+ on modified Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature scale).Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to receive intravitreal sirolimus 44 μg (n = 208), 440 μg (n = 208), or 880 μg (n = 177) on days 1, 60, and 120. Patients discontinued medications for NIU-PS except for systemic corticosteroids, which were tapered according to protocol. Enrollment in the 880-μg group was terminated after interim results found no significant difference in efficacy compared with the 440-μg dose.The primary efficacy end point was the percentage of patients with VH of 0 at month 5 in the study eye without the use of rescue therapy. Secondary efficacy end points included VH of 0 or 0.5+, corticosteroid-tapering success, and changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Safety measures included ocular and nonocular adverse events.A total of 592 patients were randomized. Significantly higher proportions of patients treated with 440 μg compared with 44 μg intravitreal sirolimus achieved VH of 0 (21.2% vs. 13.5%; P = 0.038) and VH of 0 or 0.5+ (50.0% vs. 40.4%; P = 0.049) at month 5. Best-corrected visual acuity was stable (absolute change <5 ETDRS letters) or improved >5 letters in 80.1% and 80.2% of patients in the 440-μg and 44-μg groups, respectively. At month 5, corticosteroids were tapered successfully in 69.6% and 68.8% of patients in the 440-μg and 44-μg groups, and among these patients, VH of 0 or 0.5+ was achieved by 43.5% and 28.1% in the 440-μg and 44-μg groups. Both doses were generally well tolerated. Mean changes from baseline intraocular pressure (IOP) in the study eye at each analysis visit were minimal in all treatment groups.Intravitreal sirolimus 440 μg improved ocular inflammation, as measured by VH, compared with the 44-μg dose, with minimal impact on IOP, while preserving BCVA.
Improving Ventilator Rationing Through Collaboration With Experts on Resource Allocation
Authors: Parag A. Pathak, Tayfun Sönmez, M. Utku Ünver
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Gina M. Piscitello, MD; Esha M. Kapania, MD; William D. Miller, MD; Juan C. Rojas, MD; Mark Siegler, MD; William F. Parker, MD
68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET/CT for the Management of Esthesioneuroblastoma of the Sphenoclival Region
Authors: Habibollah Dadgar, Nasim Norouzbeigi, Hojjat Ahmadzadehfar, Majid Assadi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract We present a 48-year-old woman with an olfactory neuroblastoma who was referred for accurate staging using PET/CT. The 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT showed a 51 × 32-mm mass with an SUV max of 7.59 in the sphenoidal sinuses, whereas radiotracer uptake on 18 F-FDG PET/CT was similar to that of brain tissue. 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT might be especially useful in regions with difficult tumor visualization resulting from high background, such as brain tissue. The results of this case may suggest that somatostatin receptor imaging in patients with esthesioneuroblastoma may facilitate the potential application of radiotheranostic agents for the treatment of this aggressive subtype of tumors.
Modified Anesthesia Protocol for Electroconvulsive Therapy Permits Reduction in Aerosol-Generating Bag-Mask Ventilation during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: James Luccarelli, Claudia Fernandez-Robles, Carlos Fernandez-Robles, Ryan J. Horvath, Sheri Berg, Thomas H. McCoy, Stephen J. Seiner, Michael E. Henry
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2020)

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a critical procedure in psychiatric treatment, but as typically delivered involves the use of bag-mask ventilation (BMV), which during the COVID-19 pandemic exposes patients and treatment staff to potentially infectious aerosols.
The C-Cube: an endoscopic solution in the time of COVID-19
Authors: Mario Traina, Michele Amata, Antonino Granata, Dario Ligresti, Burgio Gaetano
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

During the COVID19 pandemic, personal protective equipment (PPE) has been widely used by clinicians and nurses, with a progressive lack of storage and recurring need for supplies.
OUTCOMES OF TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT IN TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS
Authors: Johnny Chahine, Rama Dilip Gajulapalli, Amer Kadri, Rishi Puri, Grant W. Reed, Amar Krishnaswamy, Oscar Perez, Sanchit Chawla, Hassan Mehmood Lak, Mohamed M. Gad, Fahrettin Covut, James Yun, Marie Budev, Maan Fares, Shinya Unai, Zoran Popovic, Samir R. Kapadia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Including Ratio of Platelets to Liver Stiffness Improves Accuracy of Screening for Esophageal Varices That Require Treatment
Authors: Arthur Berger, Federico Ravaioli, Oana Farcau, Davide Festi, Horia Stefanescu, François Buisson, Pierre Nahon, Christophe Bureau, Nathalie Ganne-Carriè, Annalisa Berzigotti, Victor de Ledinghen, Salvatore Petta, Paul Calès, Sylvie Sacher Huvelin, Paul Calès, Dominique Valla, Christophe Bureau, Anne Olivier, Frédéric Oberti, Jérôme Boursier, Jean Paul Galmiche, Jean Pierre Vinel, Clotilde Duburque, Alain Attar, Isabelle Archambeaud, Robert Benamouzig, Marianne Gaudric, Dominique Luet, Patrice Couzigou, Lucie Planche, Emmanuel Coron, Jean-Baptiste Hiriart, Faiza Chermak, Maude Charbonnier, Pierre Nahon, Patrick Marcellin, Dominique Guyader, Stanislas Pol, Hélène Fontaine, Dominique Larrey, Victor De Lédinghen, Denis Ouzan, Fabien Zoulim, Dominique Roulot, Albert Tran, Jean-Pierre Bronowicki, Jean-Pierre Zarski, Vincent Leroy, Ghassan Riachi, Paul Calès, Jean-Marie Péron, Laurent Alric, Marc Bourlière, Philippe Mathurin, Sebastien Dharancy, Jean-Frédéric Blanc, Armand Abergel, Lawrence Serfaty, Ariane Mallat, Jean-Didier Grangé, Pierre Attali, Yannick Bacq, Claire Wartelle, Thông Dao, Yves Benhamou, Christophe Pilette, Christine Silvain, Christos Christidis, Dominique Capron, Gérard Thiefin, Sophie Hillaire, Vincent Di Martino
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)
Treatment of COVID-19 by Inhaled NO to Reduce Shunt?
Authors: Göran Hedenstierna, Luni Chen, Magnus Hedenstierna, Gaetano Scaramuzzo
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)

We read with interest the letter by Gattinoni and coauthors on their computed tomography findings in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (1).They found a dramatic increase in the ratio between the shunt fraction and the fraction of gasless tissue, the ratio being almost three times higher than what they have seen in "typical" acute respiratory distress syndrome.They suggested this to be a "remarkable hyperperfusion of gasless tissue."Patients with COVID-19 do present with very low oxygenation ratio (Pa O 2 /FI O 2 ), as for example in a study from Wuhan, China, with a median of 77 mm Hg and a mortality rate of more than 60% (2).Interestingly, the Pa O 2 /FI O 2 ratio was also very low in a previous coronavirus infection, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 2002-2003, with a Pa O 2 /FI O 2 of 110 mm Hg in one study (3).This may possibly be related to the binding of SARS coronavirus to the ACE-2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme-2) protein that is present in endothelial cells (4), impeding hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.This should increase perfusion of gasless tissue, even to the extent of calling it "hyperperfusion."It may be speculated that a similar mechanism also exists in COVID-19.Gattinoni and coauthors concluded that continuous positive airway pressure or high positive end-expiratory pressure may worsen the condition and that prone position may be less successful in these patients (1).What, however, was not discussed is whether blood flow can be reduced in the gasless (atelectatic, fluid-filled, consolidated) tissue, thereby reducing shunt.One of the authors of this letter treated patients with SARS in Beijing in 2003 with inhaled nitric oxide (5).The inhaled nitric oxide is distributed to ventilated lung regions, dilating vessels and redistributing perfusion to these regions away from gasless, nonventilated lung regions.The Beijing results were rather dramatic, with a Pa O 2 /FI O 2 ratio increasing from 97 to 260 mm Hg, much more than seen when inhaled nitric oxide has been provided in "typical" acute respiratory distress syndrome.This suggests marked decrease of perfusion in gasless lung regions (5).In addition, large lung infiltrates seen on chest X-ray decreased within a few days.Neither the Pa O 2 /FI O 2 ratio nor chest X-ray findings improved in a control group without inhaled nitric oxide.Moreover, an antiviral effect was seen in cell culture tests when a nitric oxide donor, S-nitroso-Nacetylpenicillamine, was added to the cell culture (6).These findings may make inhaled nitric oxide of interest also in the treatment of COVID-19.It may be that treatment should start as early as possible after the patient has been connected to a ventilator, realizing that when a "septic storm" has begun and multiorgan failure is developing, any treatment is likely to falter.
Challenges and opportunities in telerheumatology in the COVID-19 era. Response to: ‘Online management of rheumatoid arthritis during COVID-19 pandemic’ by Zhang<i>et al</i>
Authors: Gabriel Figueroa-Parra, Carmen Magdalena Gamboa-Alonso, Dionicio Angel Galarza-Delgado
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

We thank Zhang et al for the interest showed in our letter1 and appreciate their comments about the care of rheumatic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.2 We agree that the function of all rheumatology outpatient clinics around the world has changed. It is a fact that the complexity of the care of rheumatic disease patients implies challenges, both to follow-up knew patients and control their diseases and also in the evaluation of patients with onset of new symptoms who potentially could be caused by a rheumatic disease. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), from the five clinical encounter components (vital signs, patient history, physical examination, laboratory tests and ancillary studies), patient’s history and physical examination are the most important in their diagnosis and management compared with other …
Contemporary transgender health experience and health situation in prisons: A scoping review of extant published literature (2000–2019)
Authors: Marie Claire Van Hout, Stephanie Kewley, Alyson Hillis
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2020)

Background: Many jurisdictions globally have no specific prison policy to guide prison management and prison staff in relation to the special needs of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) prisoners despite the United Nations for the Treatment of Prisoners Standard Minimum Rules and the updated 2017 Yogyakarta Principles on the Application of International Human Rights Law in relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity. Within LGBT prison groups, transgender people represent a key special population with distinct needs and rights, with incarceration rates greater than that of the general population, and who experience unique vulnerabilities in prisons.Aims/Method: A scoping review was conducted of extant information on the transgender prison situation, their unique health needs and outcomes in contemporary prison settings. Fifty-nine publications were charted and thematically analyzed.Results: Five key themes emerged: Transgender definition and terminology used in prison publications; Prison housing and classification systems; Conduct of correctional staff toward incarcerated transgender people; Gender affirmation, health experiences and situational health risks of incarcerated transgender people; and Transgender access to gender-related healthcare in prison.Conclusions: The review highlights the need for practical prison based measures in the form of increased advocacy, awareness raising, desensitization of high level prison management, prison staff and prison healthcare providers, and clinical and cultural competence institutional training on transgender patient care. The review underscores the need to uphold the existing international mandates to take measures to protect incarcerated transgender people from violence and stigmatization without restricting rights, and provide adequate gender sensitive and gender affirming healthcare, including hormone therapy and gender reassignment.
COVID-19 in an international European liver transplant recipient cohort
Authors: Chiara Becchetti, Marco Fabrizio Zambelli, Luisa Pasulo, Maria Francesca Donato, Federica Invernizzi, Olivier Detry, Géraldine Dahlqvist, Olga Ciccarelli, Maria Cristina Morelli, Montserrat Fraga, Gianluca Svegliati-Baroni, Hans van Vlierberghe, Minneke J Coenraad, Mario Cristobal Romero, Andrea de Gottardi, Pierluigi Toniutto, Luca Del Prete, Claudia Abbati, Didier Samuel, Jacques Pirenne, Frederik Nevens, Jean-François Dufour
Journal: Gut (2020)

Knowledge on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in liver transplant recipients is lacking, particularly in terms of severity of the disease. The aim of this study was to describe the demographic, baseline clinical characteristics and early outcomes of a European cohort of liver transplant recipients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.We conducted an international prospective study across Europe on liver transplant recipients with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by microbiological assay during the first outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic. Baseline characteristics, clinical presentation, management of immunosuppressive therapy and outcomes were collected.57 patients were included (70% male, median (IQR) age at diagnosis 65 (57-70) years). 21 (37%), 32 (56%) and 21 (37%) patients had one cardiovascular disease, arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, respectively. The most common symptoms were fever (79%), cough (55%), dyspnoea (46%), fatigue or myalgia (56%) and GI symptoms (33%). Immunosuppression was reduced in 22 recipients (37%) and discontinued in 4 (7%). With this regard, no impact on outcome was observed. Forty-one (72%) subjects were hospitalised and 11 (19%) developed acute respiratory distress syndrome. Overall, we estimated a case fatality rate of 12% (95% CI 5% to 24%), which increased to 17% (95% CI 7% to 32%) among hospitalised patients. Five out of the seven patients who died had a history of cancer.In this European multicentre prospective study of liver transplant recipients, COVID-19 was associated with an overall and in-hospital fatality rate of 12% (95% CI 5% to 24%) and 17% (95% CI 7% to 32%), respectively. A history of cancer was more frequent in patients with poorer outcome.
Molecular signatures order the potency of topically applied anti-inflammatory drugs in atopic dermatitis patients
Authors: Emma Guttman-Yassky, Benjamin Ungar, Kunal Malik, Daniel Dickstein, Maria Suprun, Yeriel D. Estrada, Hui Xu, Xiangyu Peng, Margeaux Oliva, Dan Todd, Tord Labuda, Mayte Suarez-Farinas, Robert Bissonnette
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2017)
Biodistribution and intracellular localization of hyaluronan and its nanogels. A strategy to target intracellular S. aureus in persistent skin infections
Authors: E. Montanari, P. Mancini, F. Galli, M. Varani, I. Santino, T. Coviello, L. Mosca, P. Matricardi, F. Rancan, C. Di Meo
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2020)
Inverse probability of treatment analysis of open vs endovascular repair in ruptured infrarenal aortic aneurysm – Cohort study
Authors: Wolf Eilenberg, Michael Schwarz, Maria Schoder, Markus Klinger, Christian Kinstner, Josif Nanobachvili, Ihor Huk, Christoph Neumayer, Georg Heinze, Christoph M. Domenig
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2020)
Management strategies for the colonoscopic surveillance of people with Lynch syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kevin J Monahan, Anne Lincoln, James E East, Sally Benton, John Burn, Bianca DeSouza, Helen Hanson, Fiona Lalloo, Terri McVeigh, Matthew D Rutter, Katie Snape, Huw J W Thomas, Peter Sasieni
Journal: Gut (2020)

Management strategies for the colonoscopic surveillance of people with Lynch syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemicThe recent publication of UK guidelines for the management of hereditary colorectal cancer 1 immediately preceded the COVID-19 pandemic.We commend the response by the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) relating to GI endoscopy activity amidst this pandemic. 2Such urgent measures are required to curtail the rate and breadth of coronavirus transmission throughout the country, and we are of the belief that the adherence to these guidelines during the early stages of this global pandemic was crucial in saving lives, and further guidance relating to the 'recovery' phase will be on August 28,
Left Ventricular Global and Regional Deformation in Arrhythmic Myxomatous Bileaflet Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome
Authors: Lakshmi Muthukumar, Arshad Jahangir, M. Fuad Jan, Patrycja Galazka, Matt Umland, McKenzie R. Schweitzer, Ana Cristina Perez Moreno, Maharaj Singh, Bijoy K. Khandheria, A. Jamil Tajik
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2020)
Immunoglobulin gene analysis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the era of next generation sequencing
Authors: Frédéric Davi, Anton W. Langerak, Anne Langlois de Septenville, P. Martijn Kolijn, Paul J. Hengeveld, Anastasia Chatzidimitriou, Silvia Bonfiglio, Lesley-Ann Sutton, Richard Rosenquist, Paolo Ghia, Kostas Stamatopoulos
Journal: Leukemia (2020)

Abstract Twenty years after landmark publications, there is a consensus that the somatic hypermutation (SHM) status of the clonotypic immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV) gene is an important cornerstone for accurate risk stratification and therapeutic decision-making in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The IGHV SHM status has traditionally been determined by conventional Sanger sequencing. However, NGS has heralded a new era in medical diagnostics and immunogenetic analysis is following this trend. There is indeed a growing demand for shifting practice and using NGS for IGHV gene SHM assessment, although it is debatable whether it is always justifiable, at least taking into account financial considerations for laboratories with limited resources. Nevertheless, as this analysis impacts on treatment decisions, standardization of both technical aspects, and data interpretation becomes essential. Also, the need for establishing new recommendations and providing dedicated education and training on NGS-based immunogenetics is greater than ever before. Here we address potential and challenges of NGS-based immunogenetics in CLL. We are convinced that this perspective helps the hematological community to better understand the pros and cons of this new technological development for CLL patient management.