tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4648: Insulinemic and inflammatory dietary patterns and risk of prostate cancer
Authors: Benjamin C. Fu, Fred K. Tabung, Claire H. Pernar, Weike Wang, Amparo G. Gonzalez-Feliciano, Ilkania M. Chowdhury-Paulino, Steven K. Clinton, Edmund Folefac, Mingyang Song, Adam S. Kibel, Edward L. Giovannucci, Lorelei A. Mucci
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Background: Studies of diet and prostate cancer have primarily focused on individual dietary factors, often with null or mixed findings. Assessment of dietary patterns is an alternative approach and has been increasingly used in nutritional epidemiology, providing the advantage of better accounting for added effects and interactions of dietary components. Hyperinsulinemia and inflammation are interrelated biological pathways that link diet with risk of several cancers, and studies have suggested that these may also increase prostate cancer risk. Whether dietary patterns based on these pathways contribute to the development and progression of prostate cancer is unclear. Methods: We followed 39,776 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2014) to examine associations between two empirical hypothesis-oriented dietary patterns with risk of total, local, advanced, and fatal prostate cancer. The two dietary patterns - empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) and empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) - were constructed using the weighted sum of food groups that predicted plasma C-peptide (EDIH) and inflammatory biomarkers (EDIP). Dietary scores were calculated from food frequency questionnaires at baseline and updated every 4 years. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: We documented 5,682 incident cases of total prostate cancer and 658 cases of fatal prostate cancer over 868,552 person-years of follow-up. In multivariable-adjusted models, men in the highest EDIH quintile had an 18% higher risk of advanced prostate cancer (HR: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.96-1.45; P=0.04 for trend) and a 24% higher risk of fatal prostate cancer (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 0.96-1.59; P=0.03 for trend) compared to men in the lowest quintile. There were no significant associations for EDIP and prostate cancer risk. BMI did not modify the association for either dietary pattern. Conclusion: Hyperinsulinemia may be a potential mechanism linking dietary patterns and risk of aggressive prostate cancer. Additional studies to define mechanisms of action and interventions to reduce prostate cancer risk are warranted. Citation Format: Benjamin C. Fu, Fred K. Tabung, Claire H. Pernar, Weike Wang, Amparo G. Gonzalez-Feliciano, Ilkania M. Chowdhury-Paulino, Steven K. Clinton, Edmund Folefac, Mingyang Song, Adam S. Kibel, Edward L. Giovannucci, Lorelei A. Mucci. Insulinemic and inflammatory dietary patterns and risk of prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4648.
Retinal changes in Alzheimer's disease— integrated prospects of imaging, functional and molecular advances
Authors: Veer B. Gupta, Nitin Chitranshi, Jurre den Haan, Mehdi Mirzaei, Yuyi You, Jeremiah KH. Lim, Devaraj Basavarajappa, Angela Godinez, Silvia Di Angelantonio, Perminder Sachdev, Ghasem H. Salekdeh, Femke Bouwman, Stuart Graham, Vivek Gupta
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2020)
Abstract 710: Exosomal DNA has the potential to detect circulating tumor DNA in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Sho Kuriyama, Takeshi Yamada, Michihiro Koizumi, Seiichi Shinji, Akihisa Matsuda, Ryo Ohta, Goro Takahashi, Masahiro Hotta, Keisuke Hara, Kohki Takeda, Koji Ueda, Hiroshi Yoshida
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract [Introduction] Exosomes are small vesicles of endosomal origin, which are released by all cell types, and are involved in physiological and pathological processes including cancer progression and metastasis. Exosomes comprise proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids such as RNA and DNA (exoDNA). Circulating exoDNAs harboring mutations are detected in patients with pancreatic or colorectal cancer. [Objective] To evaluate the clinical utility of detecting RAS mutations in exoDNAs of patients with colorectal cancers. [Methods] We prospectively recruited 25 patients with RAS mutations in cells of their colorectal tissues. Circulating exoDNA was extracted from exosomes in 1 ml of preoperative plasma. Circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) was concurrently extracted from 1 ml of plasma. We identified RAS mutations in exoDNAs and ccfDNAs using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR, Biorad). [Results] We analyzed the exoDNAs of patients with right-sided (n = 13) and left-sided (n = 12) colon cancers (Stage II, [n = 9]; Stage III, [n = 9], Stage IV, [n = 7]). The median concentrations of exoDNA and ccfDNA were 52.3 ng/ml (32.1-223 ng/ml) and 132 ng/ml (41.3-4333 ng/ml). RAS mutations were detected in exoDNAs of 13 patients (52.0%) and in the ccfDNAs of 5 patients (20%) (P=0.03). The sensitivities of exoDNAs and ccfDNAs were equivalent (57.1%). However, for Stages II and III, the sensitivities of exoDNAs were higher compared with those of ccfDNAs. Notably, the sensitivity of exoDNA of Stage III was 77.8%. RAS mutations were undetectable in ccfDNAs of patients without detectable mutations in exoDNAs. The median mutation allele frequencies of exoDNA and ccfDNAs were 12.1% and 18.0%, respectively. [Conclusion] Previously reported mutation-detection rates using Stages VI and III ccfDNAs are 90% and 15%, respectively. Here, the sensitivities using ccfDNAs for Stage II or III were low as well. Conversely, the sensitivities using exoDNAs were equivalently high in Stages III and Stage IV. These findings indicate that exoDNA has superior potential for detecting circulating tumor DNA compared with that of ccfDNA Citation Format: Sho Kuriyama, Takeshi Yamada, Michihiro Koizumi, Seiichi Shinji, Akihisa Matsuda, Ryo Ohta, Goro Takahashi, Masahiro Hotta, Keisuke Hara, Kohki Takeda, Koji Ueda, Hiroshi Yoshida. Exosomal DNA has the potential to detect circulating tumor DNA in patients with colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 710.
SAT0121 Oral morphine versus oral hydromorphone in rheumatologic non-malignant pain: a prospective randomised study in 144 patients
Authors: R Grilo, C Scoto Di Fazano, D Coyral, P Bertin, C Bonnet, R Treves
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Morphine and hydromorphone are commonly used as opioids in cancer pain. The management of non-malignant pain is sometime difficult. A recent and debated therapeutic consideration is the used of morphine in intractable Rheumatologic Non-Malignant Pain (RNMP). <h3>Objectives</h3> The purpose of this prospective randomised study was to compare the efficacy of pain relief and side effects of oral hydromorphone and oral morphine in RNMP. <h3>Methods</h3> 144 patients suffering from RNMP were assigned to receive oral morphine or oral hydromorphone. Different criteria were affeffed: dose of morphine (mg/day), duration of treatment (days), baseline and post-treatment evaluation of pain using a Visual Analogic Scale (VAS, in cm). The prevalence of nausea was assessed in the two groups. <h3>Results</h3> <h3>Conclusion</h3> We observed a VAS mean decrease of 3.7 cm with oral hydromorphone and 4 cm with oral morphine, despite oral hydromorphone provides no statistical significant benefit over oral morphine in RMNP.
Abstract 1547: <i>LOXL1</i> is a novel responsible gene for peritoneal dissemination potentially via promoting EMT and motility in gastric cancer
Authors: Qingjiang Hu, Takaaki Masuda, Yoko Zaitsu, Yasuo Tsuda, Yuichi Hisamatsu, Yuichiro Nakashima, Koji Ando, Yasue Kimura, Eiji Oki, Masaki Mori, Koshi Mimori
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Background. In gastric cancer (GC), peritoneal dissemination (PD) occurs frequently and is incurable. We have identified 25 PD-associated genes in GC by in silico analysis in previous research. In this study, we focused on Lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1), one of the 25 PD-associated genes, because LOXL1 is a member of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) gene family and may have the ability to promote EMT in GC. Materials and Methods. We assessed LOXL1 expression using a public GC dataset (GSE15459) and a highly-disseminated peritoneal GC cell line (RT-qPCR). Next, we performed gene expression analysis, including gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) with two public GC datasets (GSE15459 and TCGA). Moreover, we performed a series of in vitro experiments using GC cells. Finally, we evaluated the clinicopathological significance of LOXL1 expression using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry staining in the Kyushu cohort. We also performed survival analyses of LOXL1 expression in the Kyushu cohort, GSE15459, and TCGA datasets. Results. The expression of LOXL1 was higher in GC patients with PD compared with GC patients without PD in the GSE15459 dataset. LOXL1 was also overexpressed in highly-disseminated peritoneal GC cells relative to its control cells. Moreover, LOXL1 expression positively correlated with the EMT gene set in GSEA. Additionally, LOXL1 overexpression reduced CDH1 expression, increased VIM expression, CDH2 expression, SNAI2 expression, and PLS3 expression, and promoted migration capacity in GC cells. Finally, high LOXL1 expression was associated with poorly-differentiated, lymph node metastasis, and PD in the Kyushu cohort, and was a poor prognostic factor in three GC datasets. Conclusions. LOXL1 was a novel responsible gene for PD in GC, possibly through the activation of EMT and cell motility. Citation Format: Qingjiang Hu, Takaaki Masuda, Yoko Zaitsu, Yasuo Tsuda, Yuichi Hisamatsu, Yuichiro Nakashima, Koji Ando, Yasue Kimura, Eiji Oki, Masaki Mori, Koshi Mimori. LOXL1 is a novel responsible gene for peritoneal dissemination potentially via promoting EMT and motility in gastric cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1547.
USMLE Step 1 Scoring System Change to Pass/Fail—Perspective of a Program Director
Authors: Danielle S. Walsh
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Characterizing the Risk of Vertebral Body Fractures in Patients Receiving Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Cristina DeCesaris, Avani D. Rao
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Kota Fujii, MD; Katsuyuki Sakanaka, MD, PhD; Ryuji Uozumi, PhD; Yuichi Ishida, MD, PhD; Hiroyuki Inoo, MD; Shigeru Tsunoda, MD, PhD; Shin’ich Miyamoto, MD, PhD; Manabu Muto, MD, PhD; Takashi Mizowaki, MD, PhD
Abstract 5148: ADGRG1 promotes tumorigenesis, invasion/migration, and cell-cell adhesion in triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Raksha Bhat, Noor M. Abdulkareem, Hala Yasser, Hariprasad Thangavel, Meghana V. Trivedi
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer with the highest risk of metastatic recurrence and shortest survival in patients. Chemotherapy, the current standard of treatment for systemic therapy in TNBC, has suboptimal efficacy but high toxicity. Therefore, drugs directed against new targets exhibiting superior efficacy and excellent safety profiles are urgently needed in the treatment of metastasis in TNBC. Recently, adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have shown an important role in various cancer processes. Traditionally, GPCRs are considered excellent drug targets. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of ADGRG1, an adhesion GPCR, in TNBC. ADGRG1 was highly expressed in basal/TNBC compared to luminal subtypes in the Tumor Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Provisional datasets. Higher expression of ADGRG1 predicted poor recurrence-free survival in TNBC patients as determined using the Kaplan-Meier plotter. ADGRG1 gene and protein expression was higher in LM2 derivative with higher lung metastatic potential compared to parental MDA-MB-231 cells. ADGRG1 knockdown using 2 independent target-specific validated siRNAs reduced cell growth by MTT assay in both MDA-MB-231 parental and LM2 cells. ADGRG1 knockdown decreased mammosphere formation in MDA-MB-231 Parental cells but not in LM2 cells. ADGRG1 knockdown significantly inhibited invasion and migration of both Parental MDA-MB-231 cells and their LM2 derivatives in Trans-well assay. In addition, ADGRG1 knockdown significantly decreased cell-cell interaction in the VybrantTM Cell Adhesion assay in both cell types. ADGRG1 was significantly overexpressed in circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters compared to single CTCs from the LM2 xenograft models. Overall, our results indicate pro-tumorigenic and pro-metastatic role of ADGRG1 which needs further validation in animal studies. Understanding the role of ADGRG1 in cell-cell adhesion as well as its signaling in TNBC are crucial in discovering its potential as a novel and druggable target in TNBC. Citation Format: Raksha Bhat, Noor M. Abdulkareem, Hala Yasser, Hariprasad Thangavel, Meghana V. Trivedi. ADGRG1 promotes tumorigenesis, invasion/migration, and cell-cell adhesion in triple-negative breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5148.
Abstract 4306: Retrospective analysis of docetaxel in combination with ramucirumab for previously treated non-small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Rui Kitadai, Akihiro Yoshimura, Tadaaki Yamada, Yusuke Okuma, Takayuki Takeda, Takanori Kanematsu, Junji Uchino, Yasuhiko Nishioka, Koichi Takayama
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Current clinical trials demonstrated that combination regimens comprising chemotherapy and immunotherapy lead to better patient outcomes compared to chemotherapy alone as the first line of treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In addition, the combination therapy of docetaxel (Doc) and ramucirumab (Ram) was considered one of the standard treatments for advanced or relapsed NSCLC patients. However, little is known about the therapeutic responders of this combination therapy among previously treated NSCLC patients. In the present study, we aimed to identify predictive factors for therapeutic response, including programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in tumors, for Doc treatment in combination with Ram. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed a total of 135 advanced or relapsed NSCLC patients who were refractory to platinum-based chemotherapy at eleven institutions in Japan between July 2016 and November 2018. RESULTS: Our observations showed that PD-L1 expression in tumors is not associated with the efficacy of combined therapy of Doc and Ram in previously treated NSCLC patients. Analysis of the patient clinical profiles indicated that prior treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is a reliable predictor for the good progression-free survival (PFS) to this combination therapy (P=0.041). CONCLUSIONS: Our retrospective study indicated that combination regimens comprising chemotherapy and ICIs followed by Doc and Ram could be an optimal therapeutic option for NSCLC patients regardless of the PD-L1 status of tumors. Further investigations are required to strengthen clinical evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of the combination therapy of Doc plus Ram in previously treated NSCLC patients. Citation Format: Rui Kitadai, Akihiro Yoshimura, Tadaaki Yamada, Yusuke Okuma, Takayuki Takeda, Takanori Kanematsu, Junji Uchino, Yasuhiko Nishioka, Koichi Takayama. Retrospective analysis of docetaxel in combination with ramucirumab for previously treated non-small cell lung cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4306.
Evidence, Efficacy, and Economics—A Better Path Forward for US Health Care
Authors: Louise Aronson
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Namkee G. Choi, PhD; C. Nathan Marti, PhD; Nancy L. Wilson, MA, MSW; Guoqing John Chen, MD, PhD, MPH; Leslie Sirrianni, MSW, LCSW; Mark T. Hegel, PhD; Martha L. Bruce, PhD, MPH; Mark E. Kunik, MD, MPH
Helen Salisbury: With fewer patients in surgery, how do we train GPs?
Authors: Helen Salisbury
Journal: BMJ (2020)

A busy day in general practice can be a joy—listening carefully and asking the right questions, using practised examination skills to reach a differential diagnosis. This week I felt as though I was flexing intellectual muscles at risk of atrophy during lockdown. Gradually we’re beginning to see more patients face to face, partly because people who were reluctant to come in are now less fearful but also because our threshold for asking patients to attend has fallen. Factors in this risk equation include the low local prevalence of covid-19 and the fact that we have, in many cases, reached the limit of …
Abstract 861: Improvements in variant calling sensitivity and specificity in single-cell DNA sequencing using deep learning
Authors: Manimozhi Manivannan, Sombeet Sahu, Kim Dong, Shu Wang, Saurabh Gulati, Saurabh Parikh, Nigel Beard, Anup Parikh
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Background: It is now possible to interrogate thousands of cells in a single experiment for studying genetic variability with the advancements in single-cell sequencing technologies. Single-cell DNA platforms like Tapestri is still susceptible to errors from polymerase incorporations, structure induced template switching, PCR mediated recombination in Tapestri workflow or DNA-damage. Errors from sequencing could propagate from cluster amplification, cycle sequencing or image analysis. All together these errors can be divided into substitutions, insertions and deletion errors and can range from 0.5% to 2% depending on the sequencer. This makes rare variant and minimal residual disease detection challenging. To address these challenges, we developed deep learning models for correcting the errors, reduce false-positive rates and predict true variants. Method: First we build a consensus sequence from several reads to predict the correct sequence. The initial layers learn the motifs and local sequence contexts in classifying the patterns. The output of this network is a probability distribution over possible bases and the prediction is the base with highest probability. The bases in the reads are subsequently corrected to the predicted base from the first step model. After error correcting the reads, we used the variants called by Genome Analysis Toolkit to feed into a multi-class classifier network. Our features consists of percent of cells mutated, and the different genotype features including depth, AF and quality of each variant in these cells. The truth labels are generated using tapestri instrument from multiple experiments with known bulk truth. We trained the network on over 200k cells from 13 samples and tested on a larger set of samples. Class imbalance was handled using upsampling the truth data. Our training samples include diverse samples from cell mixtures at various dilution uptill 0.1% and clinical samples processed through tapestri instrument and sequenced on a diverse set of sequencers including miseq and novaseq. Conclusion: To validate this method, we used two different targeted panels on a Latin square model system with known truth mutations. With our 2-step workflow using error correction and variant prediction model, we significantly improved our median PPV 2-3 fold at 0.5% LOD while maintaining the sensitivity. We are further optimizing the model by adding more training samples and feature optimization. Citation Format: Manimozhi Manivannan, Sombeet Sahu, Kim Dong, Shu Wang, Saurabh Gulati, Saurabh Parikh, Nigel Beard, Anup Parikh. Improvements in variant calling sensitivity and specificity in single-cell DNA sequencing using deep learning [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 861.
The Suffocating State of Physician Workforce Diversity
Authors: Curtiland Deville
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal