tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract MP21: Better Sleep Health is Associated With Greater Weight Loss During a 12-month Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention
Authors: Christopher E Kline, Zhadyra H Bizhanova, Susan M Sereika, Daniel Buysse, Christopher C Imes, Jacob Kariuki, Dara Mendez, Eileen Chasens, Lora E Burke
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Sleep is consistently associated with obesity risk, but minimal research has examined its relationship with attempted weight loss. Most of the available evidence has focused on sleep duration, which fails to recognize the multidimensional nature of sleep. Purpose: To examine the relationship between a composite measure of sleep health and weight change in a sample of adults who participated in a 12-month behavioral weight loss intervention. Methods: 125 adults with overweight or obesity enrolled in the EMPOWER study (50.3±10.6 years, 91% female, 81% white) were included in analyses. All individuals participated in a 12-month behavioral weight loss intervention, with assessments at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Six dimensions of sleep were included in our operationalization of sleep health: regularity, satisfaction, alertness, timing, efficiency, and duration. Sleep dimensions were assessed using validated questionnaires and actigraphy, with values dichotomized into ‘good’ and ‘poor’ sleep. A composite sleep health score was calculated based upon the sum of the ‘good’ individual dimensions (range: 0-6), with higher scores indicating better sleep health. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was assessed in a subset of participants (n=117) with a portable home sleep testing device, using the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) as a marker of OSA severity. Linear mixed modeling was used to examine the relationship between sleep health and weight change during the subsequent 6-month interval with adjustment for age, gender, bed partner, and race. An additional model adjusted for AHI along with the previously noted covariates. Results: Mean sleep health was 4.5±1.1 at baseline and 4.5±1.2 at 6 months, and mean % weight change from 0 to 6 months and 6 to 12 months was -9.3±6.1% and 0.4±4.8%, respectively. In the adjusted model, greater sleep health was associated with greater weight loss (b=-0.77, SE=0.32; P=.02). Following additional adjustment for AHI, the relation between sleep health and weight loss was no longer significant (b=-0.53, SE=0.34; P=.12). Among individual sleep dimensions, only regularity and satisfaction showed trends to be associated with weight change (b=-1.28, SE=0.72 [P=.08] and b=-1.67, SE=0.86 [P=.06], respectively); however, these marginal associations were not retained after AHI adjustment (each P=.15). Conclusions: Better sleep health was associated with greater weight loss, but this association did not persist after accounting for OSA severity. Because OSA negatively impacts sleep health, future research should address whether improving sleep health, OSA, and/or the combination leads to better weight loss.
Automated artifact rejection algorithms harm P3 Speller brain-computer interface performance
Authors: David E. Thompson, Md. Rakibul Mowla, Katie J. Dhuyvetter, Joseph W. Tillman, Jane E. Huggins
Journal: Brain-Computer Interfaces (2019)

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) have been used to restore communication and control to people with severe paralysis. However, noninvasive BCIs based on electroencephalogram (EEG) are particularly vulnerable to noise artifacts. These artifacts, including electro-oculogram (EOG), can be orders of magnitude larger than the signal to be detected. Many automated methods have been proposed to remove EOG and other artifacts from EEG recordings, most based on blind source separation. This work presents a performance comparison of ten different automated artifact removal methods. Unfortunately, all tested methods substantially and significantly reduced P3 Speller BCI performance, and all methods were more likely to reduce performance than increase it. The least harmful methods were titled SOBI, JADER, and EFICA, but even these methods caused an average of approximately ten percentage points drop in BCI accuracy. Possible mechanistic causes for this empirical performance reduction are proposed.
Abstract P533: Food Shopping Practices of Low-income African American Women: Associations With Features of the Food Environment
Authors: Ilana G Raskind, Michelle C Kegler, Amy W Girard, Anne L Dunlop, Michael R Kramer
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: The food environment has received considerable attention as a potential correlate of diet-related CV health. Features of the food environment are assumed to influence the places where people shop, which in turn affect the types of foods purchased and ultimately consumed. However, this assumption remains largely untested due to limited data on where people actually shop. Leveraging unique spatial data on food shopping destinations, we examine whether features of the food environment are associated with the food shopping practices of low-income African American women in Atlanta, Georgia (n=199). Hypothesis: Access to food retailers will be positively associated with their use. Methods: We collected spatial data on locations visited in the past month using a Google Maps-driven questionnaire. Food shopping practices, including the number of retailers, trip frequency, and average distance traveled from home, were assessed separately for supermarkets, convenience stores, and discount (e.g. dollar) stores. We used secondary data on retail food outlets to calculate three measures of food access: density, proximity, and quality. GEE estimated adjusted associations between food access and food shopping practices, controlling for correlation within census tracts. Adjusted models examined supermarket shopping practices, the only outlet used by a majority of women. Results: Only 12.1% of women had a supermarket located within 1 mile of home, compared to 53.8% for convenience and 22.6% for discount stores. Women lived farthest from supermarkets ( Mdn =1.6 mi, IQR =0.9-2.3), followed by discount ( Mdn =1.0 mi, IQR =0.6-1.3) and convenience ( Mdn =0.4 mi, IQR =0.2-0.7) stores. Women also traveled farthest to shop at supermarkets ( Mdn =3.6 mi, IQR =2.5-5.3), traveling over twice the distance of the closest outlet. Nearly all women (97%) shopped at supermarkets, 33% at discount stores, and 25% at convenience stores. In adjusted models, exposure to higher supermarket density was associated with a 13% decrease in distance traveled from home to utilized supermarkets ( e β =0.87, 95% CI : 0.80-0.94). Living farther away from a supermarket was weakly associated with distance traveled from home to utilized supermarkets ( e β =1.04, 95% CI : 1.03-1.06). Conclusions: Women may seek to overcome limited access to supermarkets, rather than rely on more accessible, but less healthy retailers. While women exposed to a higher density of supermarkets used supermarkets closer to home, living in closer proximity to a supermarket minimally affected how close to home they shopped. Higher retail density offers a greater number of supermarket choices, making it more likely that women will find one closer to home aligned with their personal preferences (e.g. affordability, hours, access from public transport). Interventions to improve food access must acknowledge that proximity alone may not drive outlet use.
Abstract P176: Associations of Gestational Lipids and Apolipoproteins With Pregnancy Outcomes: The Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Study
Authors: Amanda M Perak, Alan Kuang, Nicola Lancki, Darwin R Labarthe, Svati H Shah, Lynn Lowe, John T Wilkins, William Lowe, Donald M Lloyd-jones, Denise Scholtens
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Gestational hyperlipidemia has traditionally been considered physiologic and benign, but the significance of inter-individual variation in lipid levels for maternal-fetal health are poorly understood. We examined associations of gestational lipids and apolipoproteins with adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Methods: Data from the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Study were analyzed, including 1,813 mother-child dyads from 9 field centers in 6 countries: US (25%), Barbados (24%), UK (20%), China (16%), Thailand (8%), and Canada (7%). Fasting lipids and apolipoproteins were directly measured at a mean of 28 (range 23-34) weeks’ gestation. Cord blood was collected at delivery, neonatal anthropometrics were measured within 72 hours, and medical records were abstracted for obstetric outcomes. Logistic regression was utilized to test associations of lipids and apolipoproteins (per +1 SD; log-transformed if skewed) with pregnancy outcomes, adjusted for center, demographics, and maternal covariates such as BMI, blood pressure, and glycemia. Results: See Table for lipid and apolipoprotein levels in pregnant mothers. In fully adjusted models ( Table ), 1 SD higher log-triglycerides (i.e., ~2.7-fold higher triglyceride level) in late pregnancy was significantly associated with higher odds for preeclampsia (OR 1.53 [95% CI, 1.15-2.05]), large for gestational age infant (1.42 [1.21-1.67]), and infant insulin sensitivity &lt;10 th percentile (1.25 [1.03-1.50]), but not with unplanned primary cesarean section or infant sum of skinfolds &gt;90 th percentile. There were no significant associations of maternal HDL-C, LDL-C, or log-ApoB/A1 ratio with any outcome. Conclusion: Triglyceride levels in the latter half of pregnancy were uniquely associated with both maternal risks (preeclampsia) and neonatal risks (large for gestational age and insulin resistance), even after adjustment for maternal BMI, blood pressure, and glycemia.
Abstract 42: Development And Validation Of The B <sub>2</sub> AND <sub>2</sub> SV <sub>2</sub> ASc Score For Prediction Of Stroke One Year After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Paul M Ndunda, Peter Tadros, Mark Wiley, Greg Muehlebach, George Zorn, Hayrettin Okut, Elizabeth Ablah, Freidy Eid, Zaher Fanari
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Stroke after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) increases the risk of 1-year mortality three-fold. It is also associated with a higher risk of disability and increased health care costs. A validated tool for predicting 1-year stroke after TAVR is lacking and is needed for pre-procedural risk stratification to guide clinical management and research. The purpose of this study was to develop and internally validate a new risk prediction score for predicting stroke within one year of TAVR. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using data from the TAVR program of a midwestern academic medical center. Patients who underwent TAVR from 2012 to the first quarter of 2018 who had one-year follow-up data were included in the study. The association between candidate variables and stroke was estimated using the Firth multivariable logistic regression method. Integer points for variables that were included in the score were calculated based on the model βcoefficients, using a commonly used method described by Sullivan et al. Internal validation was performed using the bootstrapping method. The model discrimination and calibration were assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (c-statistic) and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test respectively. Results: Stroke occurred in 3.4% of the 664 patients included in the study. Eight variables were included in the score, forming the acronym B 2 AND 2 SV 2 ASc. The number of points for each variable in the score is shown in parentheses as follows; B icuspid/unicuspid valve (2), A ortic valve area of &lt;0.5 cm 2 (1), N umber of diseased coronary vessels ≥2 (1), D iabetes mellitus (2), prior S troke/transient ischemic attack (1), peripheral V ascular disease (2), body surface A rea ≤1.75 m 2 (1), and S ex c ategory [female] (1). The score had a c-statistic of 0.709 (0.640 on internal validation) and a Hosmer-Lemeshow χ 2 p-value of 0.146. Conclusion: The B 2 AND 2 SV 2 ASc score had a good discrimination and calibration for the prediction of stroke within one year of TAVR.
Medical information from Nazi atrocities transgresses the Nuremberg Code
Authors: Simon Gordon, Thomas Kadas, Peter Lantos, Afsana Safa
Journal: BMJ (2020)

We felt compelled to respond to your article on medical information that comes from Nazi atrocities,1 in which Mackinnon tries to justify the use of an atlas of human anatomy, edited by Eduard Pernkopf, based on the systematic dissection of bodies of Holocaust victims. To make it worse, Pernkopf and his chief collaborators were all committed Nazis, to the …
Effect of oral pilocarpine on xerostomia and quality of life in patients receiving curative radiotherapy for head and neck cancers
Authors: S. Goyal, D. N. Sharma, P. K. Julka, G. K. Rath
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

6088 Background: Xerostomia is the most debilitating condition following irradiation (RT) in patients with head and neck cancers. The present study intended to evaluate the effect of salivary stimulants such as pilocarpine given concurrent with RT on xerostomia and quality of life in these patients. Methods: In a prospective study conducted between July 2004 and May 2006, 60 patients receiving curative (radical or postoperative) RT for squamous cell head and neck carcinoma were randomized into two groups; group A (n=30) received concurrent pilocarpine 5 mg thrice daily for 12 weeks starting on day 1 of RT while group B (n=30) did not receive pilocarpine. Xerostomia was assessed using RTOG/EORTC criteria, and Quality of life (QOL) using EORTC QLQ-C30 version 3.0 and QLQ-H&amp;N35 questionnaires in phases I-V: preradiation, week 4 of RT, and at 1, 3 and 6 months following completion of RT. Results: Oral dryness was the commonest toxicity, its incidence in phase II being 80% in group A and 89% in group B. By phase V, 13% patients in group A and none in group B had recovered to their pretreatment status. When compared with group B, group A had a significantly lower incidence of oral dryness in phases III (p=0.001), IV (p=0.014) and V (p=0.009) and lesser speech difficulty in phase V (p=0.021). QOL evaluation showed a decline in functional scores and rise in symptom scores during radiation with subsequent improvement to pretreatment levels in phase V. Group A had a significantly higher physical functioning score than group B in phases III (p=0.037) and IV (p=0.027), a better emotional functioning score in phases III (p=0.046) and IV (p=0.008), and a higher global health score, especially in phases II (p=0.012) and III (p=0.001). QLQ-C30 symptom scores were comparable between the 2 groups while H&amp;N35 symptom scores were higher in group B with higher painkiller use in phase II (p=0.043) and IV (p=0.011), and higher dryness (p=0.025), sticky saliva (p=0.021) and constipation (p=0.011) in phase IV. Conclusions: Concurrent pilocarpine during head and neck RT helps maintain salivary function, reduces xerostomia and improves the quality of life in these patients, both during and after RT, especially in terms of parameters related directly to xerostomia. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Targeted screening in routine primary care detects lung cancer in 2% of high risk patients, study finds
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Screening high risk current or former smokers identified at annual reviews for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as part of routine primary care led to 2% receiving a lung cancer diagnosis, mostly at an early stage that could be treated with curative intent, a study has shown.1

“We report a novel NHS commissioned service targeting individuals attending annual COPD review,” explained the study authors, led by Helen Grover of South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust. “We have demonstrated that this can be established within routine NHS clinical practice engaging individuals from deprived areas with a lung cancer prevalence of 2% with improvements …
Abstract P6-10-28: Therapeutic stratification of triple negative breast cancer by integrating chemosensitivity &amp; phospho-proteome profiles
Authors: Prson Gautam, Xiangju Qin, Julia Vainonen, Srikar Nagelli, Johanna Lampe, Juha Klefström, Jukka Westermarck, Krister Wennerberg, Tero Aittokallio
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive type of breast cancer with poor prognosis that accounts approximately for 15% of breast cancer cases. The lack of targetable hormonal receptors or HER2/ErbB2 makes TNBC therapeutically challenging and existing drug treatments are often ineffective. TNBC is also a highly heterogeneous class of breast cancer, and different genetic approaches have not been so far successful in identifying clinically useful patient stratification strategies to date. In previous studies, we have discovered a correlation between targeted phospho-proteomics and mitotic inhibitor sensitivities in TNBC cells, suggesting the potential of using phospho-proteome profiles to identifying markers predictive of actionable therapeutic strategies. In the current study, we further explored the potential of phospho-proteomics for TNBC stratification and drug chemo-sensitivity prediction. We screened 25 TNBC cell lines against 517 oncology compounds, and in parallel ran mass spectrometry-based global phospho-proteome profiling of the same cell lines, resulting in 4283 confident phospho-peptide quantifications. Using multitask multiple kernel learning, we integrated the phospho-peptide data with other publicly available omics data for the 25 TNBC cell lines (genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and methylomics), and developed a multi-omics machine learning model to quantify the predictive contribution of each omics profile to drug response prediction. When considering all the 517 compounds, we found that the phospho-proteomic and gene expression data were most informative for the prediction of compound’s chemo-sensitivity. This integrated approach has the potential to both identify panels of multi-omics markers for individual drug classes, as well as to stratify the heterogeneous TNBC cells based on their genomic, molecular and functional profiles. Citation Format: Prson Gautam, Xiangju Qin, Julia Vainonen, Srikar Nagelli, Johanna Lampe, Juha Klefström, Jukka Westermarck, Krister Wennerberg, Tero Aittokallio. Therapeutic stratification of triple negative breast cancer by integrating chemosensitivity &amp; phospho-proteome profiles [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-10-28.
PARP Inhibition Enhances Radiotherapy of SMAD4-Deficient Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Experimental Models
Authors: Ariel L. Hernandez, Christian D. Young, Li Bian, Kelsey Weigel, Kyle Nolan, Barbara Frederick, Gangwen Han, Guanting He, G. Devon Trahan, Michael C. Rudolph, Kenneth L. Jones, Ayman J. Oweida, Sana D. Karam, David Raben, Xiao-Jing Wang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

SMAD4 loss causes genomic instability and the initiation/progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Here, we study whether SMAD4 loss sensitizes HNSCCs to olaparib (PARP inhibitor) in combination with radiotherapy (RT).We analyzed HNSCC The Cancer Genome Atlas data for SMAD4 expression in association with FANC/BRCA family gene expression. Human HNSCC cell lines were screened for sensitivity to olaparib. Isogenic HNSCC cell lines were generated to restore or reduce SMAD4 expression and treated with olaparib, radiation, or the combination. HNSCC pretreatment specimens from a phase I trial investigating olaparib were analyzed.SMAD4 levels correlated with levels of FANC/BRCA genes in HNSCC. HNSCC cell lines with SMAD4 homozygous deletion were sensitive to olaparib. In vivo, olaparib or RT monotherapy reduced tumor volumes in SMAD4-mutant but not SMAD4-positive tumors. Olaparib with RT dual therapy sustained tumor volume reduction in SMAD4-deficient (mutant or knockdown) xenografts, which exhibited increased DNA damage and cell death compared with vehicle-treated tumors. In vitro, olaparib alone or in combination with radiation caused lower clonogenic survival, more DNA damage-associated cell death, and less proliferation in SMAD4-deficient cells than in SMAD4-positive (endogenous SMAD4 or transduced SMAD4) cells. Applicable to clinic, 5 out of 6 SMAD4-negative HNSCCs and 4 out of 8 SMAD4-positive HNSCCs responded to a standard treatment plus olaparib in a phase I clinical trial, and SMAD4 protein levels inversely correlated with DNA damage.SMAD4 levels are causal in determining sensitivity to PARP inhibition in combination with RT in HNSCCs.
Abstract P237: Common Genetic Variation in Caspase Enzymes and Survival of Sudden Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Catherine O Johnson, Rozenn N Lemaitre, Nona Sotoodehnia, Barbara McKnight, Kenneth M Rice, Stephanie Hesselson, Pui-Yan Kwok, David S Siscovick, Thomas D Rea
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Reperfusion following ischemia due to sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is necessary for survival, but results in additional injury to affected tissues. Regulation of apoptosis has been shown to be important in determining the extent of reperfusion injury. Caspases (CASP) are essential enzymes in the apoptotic cascade and we therefore hypothesized that genetic variation in these enzymes might influence cardiac and brain resuscitation after SCA. To test this, we examined three genes (CASP2, CASP3, CASP9) in a population-based study of SCA survival. Methods: Subjects (mean age 67, 80% male, of European descent) were out-of-hospital SCA patients found in ventricular fibrillation (VF) and attended by paramedics in King County, WA (n=1614). To investigate cardiac resuscitation, we compared subjects who survived to hospital admission (n=827) with those who did not (n=787); for brain resuscitation, we compared subjects who survived to hospital discharge (n=448) with those who did not (n=1166). Associations of 19 SNPs were examined using logistic regression comparing each additional copy of the minor allele. Based on a priori hypotheses, models were adjusted for: age; gender; time from 911 call to arrival of emergency medical services; whether the event was witnessed; occurred in public; and whether bystander CPR was administered. We used within-gene permutation tests to adjust p-values for multiple comparisons. Results: Two SNPs in CASP3 were associated with SCA survival. The A allele of rs4647688 (minor allele frequency (MAF) 0.20) was associated with lower rates of survival to hospital admission (OR (95% CI), adjusted p-value: 0.78 (0.65, 0.93), p =0.043). The T allele of rs2705897 (MAF 0.26) was associated with a higher rate of survival to hospital admission (1.27 (1.07, 1.51), p =0.049). These two SNPs are in almost complete linkage equilibrium (r 2 =0.091). No SNPs in CASP3 were significantly associated with survival to hospital discharge, and no SNPs in CASP2 or CASP9 were significantly associated with either outcome. Conclusions: CASP3 variants are associated with SCA survival in this population. Further work is needed to explore the effect of these variants on regulation of apoptosis during reperfusion following VF arrest, and to replicate these findings in other populations.