tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Home-Based Physical Therapy for Older Adults After Hip Fracture
Authors: Jeff Schlicht
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hormone Therapy for Postmenopausal Women
Authors: JoAnn V. Pinkerton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Hormone therapy is highly effective for the management of vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women; vaginal estrogen is used for genitourinary symptoms only. Hormone therapy is not recommended for primary or secondary prevention of coronary heart disease or dementia. Several nonhormonal therapies are also effective for vasomotor symptoms.
Efficacy and safety of sunitinib (SU) in patients (pts) with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and lung metastases (mets) only at baseline.
Authors: Nobuo Shinohara, Hideyuki Akaza, Yoshihiko Tomita, Takeshi Yuasa, Hiroyuki Fujimoto, Masashi Niwakawa, Seiichiro Ozono, Soichi Mugiya, Tsuneharu Miki, Hirotsugu Uemura, Norio Nonomura, Masayuki Takahashi, Yoshihiro Hasegawa, Eiji Ueda, Atsushi Shibata, Norisuke Kawai, Seiji Naito
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e15098 Background: The lungs may be the sole site of mets in RCC.In this retrospective analysis, we analyzed the efficacy and safety of SU in mRCC pts from a global phase (ph) III study and a Japanese ph II study who had lung mets only at baseline. Methods: In the ph III study, treatment (Tx)-naïve mRCC pts were randomized 1:1 to SU 50 mg/d on a 4-weeks-on-2-weeks-off schedule (n=375) or interferon-a (IFN) 9 MU subcutaneously TIW (n=360). In the single-arm ph II study, Tx-naïve (n=25) and cytokine refractory (n=26) mRCC pts received the same SU Tx. In the ph III study, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by Kaplan–Meier method, with median values compared by log-rank test. In both studies, objective response rate (ORR) was calculated with a two-sided 95% CI. PFS, OS, ORR, and safety were analyzed at final data cutoff. Results: In the ph III study, 31 (8%) and 42 (11%) pts in the SU and IFN groups, respectively, had lung mets only, compared with 12 (24%) in the ph II study. Baseline characteristics in lung mets pts were similar to all pts. In lung mets pts from the ph III study, ORR was higher with SU than with IFN (58.1% [95% CI: 39.1–75.5] vs. 19.0% [95% CI: 8.6–34.1]; P&lt;0.001); there was a trend for longer median PFS with SU (14.1 vs. 7.8 months; HR: 0.531 [95% CI: 0.278–1.015]; P=0.0513); and median OS was comparable in both Tx subgroups (HR: 0.739 [95% CI: 0.335–1.628]; P=0.4507), although, at 25% of events, median OS was 22.9 months with SU vs. 15.8 months with IFN. In lung mets pts from the ph II study, ORR was 75.0% (95% CI: 42.8–94.5); at the time of analysis, median PFS and OS had not been reached; 4 pts (33%) had died due to any cause and 8 (67%) were alive without disease progression. The most common grade ≥3 SU-related AEs were fatigue, hand-foot syndrome, and diarrhea (all 19%) in the ph III study, and decreased platelets (100%), white blood cells (92%), and neutrophils (92%) in the ph II study. Conclusions: In the ph III study, Tx-naïve mRCC pts with lung mets only had significantly higher ORR and a trend for improved PFS and OS with SU compared with IFN. In the Japanese ph II study, ORR with SU was 75% in lung mets pts. Thus, 1st-line use of SU in mRCC pts with lung mets should be encouraged.
INDICATIONS AND STANDARDS FOR USE OF NASAL CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE (CPAP) IN SLEEP-APNEA SYNDROMES (VOL 150, PG 1738, 1994)
Authors: Pl Smith, Dw Hudgel, Lg Olson, M Partinen, Dm Rapoport, Cl Rosen, Jb Skatrud, Re Waldhorn, Pr Westbrook, T Young
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)
Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Adult Women
Authors: Saima Aslam, Michael Albo, Linda Brubaker
Journal: JAMA (2020)

This JAMA Insights summarizes prevention and management recommendations for women with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and proposes individualizing approaches by age and menopausal status, underlying conditions (eg, diabetes), risk of pyelonephritis/sepsis, and patient preferences.
The Confidence Database
Authors: Dobromir Rahnev, Kobe Desender, Alan L. F. Lee, William T. Adler, David Aguilar-Lleyda, Başak Akdoğan, Polina Arbuzova, Lauren Y. Atlas, Fuat Balcı, Ji Won Bang, Indrit Bègue, Damian P. Birney, Timothy F. Brady, Joshua Calder-Travis, Andrey Chetverikov, Torin K. Clark, Karen Davranche, Rachel N. Denison, Troy C. Dildine, Kit S. Double, Yalçın A. Duyan, Nathan Faivre, Kaitlyn Fallow, Elisa Filevich, Thibault Gajdos, Regan M. Gallagher, Vincent de Gardelle, Sabina Gherman, Nadia Haddara, Marine Hainguerlot, Tzu-Yu Hsu, Xiao Hu, Iñaki Iturrate, Matt Jaquiery, Justin Kantner, Marcin Koculak, Mahiko Konishi, Christina Koß, Peter D. Kvam, Sze Chai Kwok, Maël Lebreton, Karolina M. Lempert, Chien Ming Lo, Liang Luo, Brian Maniscalco, Antonio Martin, Sébastien Massoni, Julian Matthews, Audrey Mazancieux, Daniel M. Merfeld, Denis O’Hora, Eleanor R. Palser, Borysław Paulewicz, Michael Pereira, Caroline Peters, Marios G. Philiastides, Gerit Pfuhl, Fernanda Prieto, Manuel Rausch, Samuel Recht, Gabriel Reyes, Marion Rouault, Jérôme Sackur, Saeedeh Sadeghi, Jason Samaha, Tricia X. F. Seow, Medha Shekhar, Maxine T. Sherman, Marta Siedlecka, Zuzanna Skóra, Chen Song, David Soto, Sai Sun, Jeroen J. A. van Boxtel, Shuo Wang, Christoph T. Weidemann, Gabriel Weindel, Michał Wierzchoń, Xinming Xu, Qun Ye, Jiwon Yeon, Futing Zou, Ariel Zylberberg
Journal: Nature Human Behaviour (2020)
Five-Year Outcomes of Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic-Valve Replacement
Authors: Raj R. Makkar, Vinod H. Thourani, Michael J. Mack, Susheel K. Kodali, Samir Kapadia, John G. Webb, Sung-Han Yoon, Alfredo Trento, Lars G. Svensson, Howard C. Herrmann, Wilson Y. Szeto, D. Craig Miller, Lowell Satler, David J. Cohen, Todd M. Dewey, Vasilis Babaliaros, Mathew R. Williams, Dean J. Kereiakes, Alan Zajarias, Kevin L. Greason, Brian K. Whisenant, Robert W. Hodson, David L. Brown, William F. Fearon, Mark J. Russo, Philippe Pibarot, Rebecca T. Hahn, Wael A. Jaber, Erin Rogers, Ke Xu, Jaime Wheeler, Maria C. Alu, Craig R. Smith, Martin B. Leon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

There are scant data on long-term clinical outcomes and bioprosthetic-valve function after transcatheter aortic-valve replacement (TAVR) as compared with surgical aortic-valve replacement in patients with severe aortic stenosis and intermediate surgical risk.We enrolled 2032 intermediate-risk patients with severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis at 57 centers. Patients were stratified according to intended transfemoral or transthoracic access (76.3% and 23.7%, respectively) and were randomly assigned to undergo either TAVR or surgical replacement. Clinical, echocardiographic, and health-status outcomes were followed for 5 years. The primary end point was death from any cause or disabling stroke.At 5 years, there was no significant difference in the incidence of death from any cause or disabling stroke between the TAVR group and the surgery group (47.9% and 43.4%, respectively; hazard ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 1.25; P = 0.21). Results were similar for the transfemoral-access cohort (44.5% and 42.0%, respectively; hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.20), but the incidence of death or disabling stroke was higher after TAVR than after surgery in the transthoracic-access cohort (59.3% vs. 48.3%; hazard ratio, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.71). At 5 years, more patients in the TAVR group than in the surgery group had at least mild paravalvular aortic regurgitation (33.3% vs. 6.3%). Repeat hospitalizations were more frequent after TAVR than after surgery (33.3% vs. 25.2%), as were aortic-valve reinterventions (3.2% vs. 0.8%). Improvement in health status at 5 years was similar for TAVR and surgery.Among patients with aortic stenosis who were at intermediate surgical risk, there was no significant difference in the incidence of death or disabling stroke at 5 years after TAVR as compared with surgical aortic-valve replacement. (Funded by Edwards Lifesciences; PARTNER 2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01314313.).
Silica‐related diseases in the modern world
Authors: Ryan F. Hoy, Daniel C. Chambers
Journal: Allergy (2020)

Silicosis is an ancient and potentially fatal pneumoconiosis caused by exposure to respirable crystalline silica. Silicosis is historically a disease of miners; however, failure to recognize and control the risk associated with silica exposure in contemporary work practices such as sandblasting denim jeans and manufacturing of artificial stone benchtops has led to re-emergence of silicosis around the world. This review outlines the mineralogy, epidemiology, clinical and radiological features of the various forms of silicosis and other silica-associated diseases. Perspective is provided on the most recent studies shedding light on pathogenesis, including the central role of innate immune effector cells and subsequent inflammatory cascades in propagating pulmonary fibrosis and the extrapulmonary manifestations, which uniquely characterize this pneumoconiosis. Clinical conundrums in differential diagnosis, particularly between silicosis and sarcoidosis, are highlighted, as is the importance of obtaining a careful occupational history in the patient presenting with pulmonary infiltrates and/or fibrosis. While silicosis is a completely preventable disease, unfortunately workers around the world continue to be affected and experience progressive or even fatal disease. Although no treatments have been proven, opportunities to intervene to prevent progressive disease, founded in a thorough cellular and molecular understanding of the immunopathology of silicosis, are highlighted.
Epidural Catheter Use and Further Issues in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Receiving a Direct Oral Anticoagulant
Authors: Christopher L. Pysyk
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Marked and rapid effects of pharmacological HIF-2α antagonism on hypoxic ventilatory control
Authors: Xiaotong Cheng, Maria Prange-Barczynska, James W. Fielding, Minghao Zhang, Alana L. Burrell, Joanna D.C.C. Lima, Luise Eckardt, Isobel L.A. Argles, Christopher W. Pugh, Keith J. Buckler, Peter A. Robbins, Emma J. Hodson, Richard K. Bruick, Lucy M. Collinson, Fraydoon Rastinejad, Tammie Bishop, Peter J. Ratcliffe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is strikingly upregulated in many types of cancer, and there is great interest in applying inhibitors of HIF as anticancer therapeutics. The most advanced of these are small molecules that target the HIF-2 isoform through binding the PAS-B domain of HIF-2α. These molecules are undergoing clinical trials with promising results in renal and other cancers where HIF-2 is considered to be driving growth. Nevertheless, a central question remains as to whether such inhibitors affect physiological responses to hypoxia at relevant doses. Here, we show that pharmacological HIF-2α inhibition with PT2385, at doses similar to those reported to inhibit tumor growth, rapidly impaired ventilatory responses to hypoxia, abrogating both ventilatory acclimatization and carotid body cell proliferative responses to sustained hypoxia. Mice carrying a HIF-2α PAS-B S305M mutation that disrupts PT2385 binding, but not dimerization with HIF-1β, did not respond to PT2385, indicating that these effects are on-target. Furthermore, the finding of a hypomorphic ventilatory phenotype in untreated HIF-2α S305M mutant mice suggests a function for the HIF-2α PAS-B domain beyond heterodimerization with HIF-1β. Although PT2385 was well tolerated, the findings indicate the need for caution in patients who are dependent on hypoxic ventilatory drive.
Association of Anti-TNF with Decreased Survival in Steroid Refractory Ipilimumab and Anti-PD1–Treated Patients in the Dutch Melanoma Treatment Registry
Authors: Rik J. Verheijden, Anne M. May, Christian U. Blank, Maureen J.B. Aarts, Franchette W.P.J. van den Berkmortel, Alfonsus J.M. van den Eertwegh, Jan Willem B. de Groot, Marye J. Boers-Sonderen, Jacobus J.M. van der Hoeven, Geke A. Hospers, Djura Piersma, Rozemarijn S. van Rijn, Albert J. ten Tije, Astrid A.M. van der Veldt, Gerard Vreugdenhil, Michiel C.T. van Zeijl, Michel W.J.M. Wouters, John B.A.G. Haanen, Ellen Kapiteijn, Karijn P.M. Suijkerbuijk
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Purpose: Unleashing the immune system by PD-1 and/or CTLA-4 blockade can cause severe immune-related toxicity necessitating immunosuppressive treatment. Whether immunosuppression for toxicity impacts survival is largely unknown. Experimental Design: Using data from the prospective nationwide Dutch Melanoma Treatment Registry (DMTR), we analyzed the association between severe toxicity and overall survival (OS) in 1,250 patients with advanced melanoma who were treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in first line between 2012 and 2017. Furthermore, we analyzed whether toxicity management affected survival in these patients. Results: A total of 1,250 patients were included, of whom 589 received anti-PD1 monotherapy, 576 ipilimumab, and 85 combination therapy. A total of 312 patients (25%) developed severe (grade ≥3) toxicity. Patients experiencing severe ICI toxicity had a significantly prolonged survival with a median OS of 23 months compared with 15 months for patients without severe toxicity [hazard ratio (HRadj) = 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.63–0.93]. Among patients experiencing severe toxicity, survival was significantly decreased in patients who received anti-TNF ± steroids for steroid-refractory toxicity compared with patients who were managed with steroids only (HRadj = 1.61; 95% CI, 1.03–2.51), with a median OS of 17 and 27 months, respectively. Conclusions: Patients experiencing severe ICI toxicity have a prolonged OS. However, this survival advantage is abrogated when anti-TNF is administered for steroid-refractory toxicity. Further prospective studies are needed to assess the effect of different immunosuppressive regimens on checkpoint inhibitor efficacy. See related commentary by Weber and Postow, p. 2085
Outcome and clinicophenotypical features of acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma with cutaneous involvement: A multicenter case series
Authors: Christophe Bontoux, Adèle De Masson, Olivia Boccara, Christine Bodemer, Sylvie Fraitag, Brigitte Balme, Nathalie Franck, Agnès Carlotti, François Comoz, Laurence Verneuil, Jean-François Brasme, Mylène Duplan, Anne Croué, Isabelle Templier, Helmut Beltraminelli, Olivier Dereure, Vanessa Szablewski, Céline Thevenin, Serge Boulinguez, Roland Viraben, Emilie Tournier, Laurence Lamant, Nicolas Ortonne, Saskia Ingen-Housz-Oro, Florence Beckerich, Florent Grange, Anne Durlach, Florent Amatore, Eric Frouin, Elizabeth McIntyre, Vahid Asnafi, Rathana Kim, Emmanuelle Clappier, Jean Soulier, Nicolas Boissel, Hervé Dombret, Martine Bagot, Maxime Battistella
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)

To the Editor: Cutaneous involvement by acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma (ALL/LBL) is very uncommon. Current knowledge of this situation remains limited, based on small retrospective case series without data regarding overall survival (OS) and associated prognostic factors nor molecular features.1-3 Besides, no data about differential antigen expression of tumoral cells in skin vs bone marrow are available.
Gefitinib and Afatinib Show Potential Efficacy for Fanconi Anemia–Related Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Helena Montanuy, Águeda Martínez-Barriocanal, José Antonio Casado, Llorenç Rovirosa, Maria José Ramírez, Rocío Nieto, Carlos Carrascoso-Rubio, Pau Riera, Alan González, Enrique Lerma, Adriana Lasa, Jordi Carreras-Puigvert, Thomas Helleday, Juan A. Bueren, Diego Arango, Jordi Minguillón, Jordi Surrallés
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Purpose: Fanconi anemia rare disease is characterized by bone marrow failure and a high predisposition to solid tumors, especially head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Patients with Fanconi anemia with HNSCC are not eligible for conventional therapies due to high toxicity in healthy cells, predominantly hematotoxicity, and the only treatment currently available is surgical resection. In this work, we searched and validated two already approved drugs as new potential therapies for HNSCC in patients with Fanconi anemia. Experimental Design: We conducted a high-content screening of 3,802 drugs in a FANCA-deficient tumor cell line to identify nongenotoxic drugs with cytotoxic/cytostatic activity. The best candidates were further studied in vitro and in vivo for efficacy and safety. Results: Several FDA/European Medicines Agency (EMA)-approved anticancer drugs showed cancer-specific lethality or cell growth inhibition in Fanconi anemia HNSCC cell lines. The two best candidates, gefitinib and afatinib, EGFR inhibitors approved for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), displayed nontumor/tumor IC50 ratios of approximately 400 and approximately 100 times, respectively. Neither gefitinib nor afatinib activated the Fanconi anemia signaling pathway or induced chromosomal fragility in Fanconi anemia cell lines. Importantly, both drugs inhibited tumor growth in xenograft experiments in immunodeficient mice using two Fanconi anemia patient–derived HNSCCs. Finally, in vivo toxicity studies in Fanca-deficient mice showed that administration of gefitinib or afatinib was well-tolerated, displayed manageable side effects, no toxicity to bone marrow progenitors, and did not alter any hematologic parameters. Conclusions: Our data present a complete preclinical analysis and promising therapeutic line of the first FDA/EMA-approved anticancer drugs exerting cancer-specific toxicity for HNSCC in patients with Fanconi anemia.
Controversies in the Treatment of Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Kai Hübel, Michele Ghielmini, Marco Ladetto, Ajay K. Gopal
Journal: HemaSphere (2020)

The overall prognosis of patients with follicular lymphoma has substantially improved over the last decades with a 10-year overall survival of around 80% for the majority of patients. However, for most patients follicular lymphoma it is still a relapsing and remitting disease. Furthermore, certain subsets of patients still have much shorter survival. Currently, there is no established standard how to treat high-risk follicular lymphoma. With advances in the understanding of the biology and pathogenesis of B cell malignancies, a plethora of new compounds have been investigated in FL. These compounds have the potential to increase efficacy if added to current regimens or even replace them. The implementation of these compounds in treatment algorithms is another unsolved issue. This overview highlights major controversies in the treatment of follicular lymphoma and discusses the most recent and relevant clinical trials.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of early goal-directed therapy for septic shock: the ARISE, ProCESS and ProMISe Investigators
Authors: D. C. Angus, A. E. Barnato, D. Bell, R. Bellomo, C.-R. Chong, T. J. Coats, A. Davies, A. Delaney, D. A. Harrison, A. Holdgate, B. Howe, D. T. Huang, T. Iwashyna, J. A. Kellum, S. L. Peake, F. Pike, M. C. Reade, K. M. Rowan, M. Singer, S. A. R. Webb, L. A. Weissfeld, D. M. Yealy, J. D. Young
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2015)
The SMAC-mimetic birinapant regulates autocrine TNF production by caspase-8: RIPK1 complex via p38MAPK pathway
Authors: Gurpreet Singh Kapoor, Christopher A Benetatos, Yasuhiro Mitsuuchi, Eric M Neiman, Guangyao Yu, Mark A Mckinlay, Jennifer Burns, John Silke, Stephen M Condon, Srinivas K Chunduru
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)
The Learning Curve for Shared Decision-making in Symptomatic Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Megan Coylewright, Elizabeth O’Neill, Ariel Sherman, Megan Gerling, Kaavya Adam, Keren Xu, Stuart W. Grande, Harold L. Dauerman, Shayne E. Dodge, Navjot Kaur Sobti, Catherine H. Saunders, Stacey L. Schott, Glyn Elwyn, Marie-Anne Durand
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2020)

Shared decision-making (SDM) is widely advocated for patients with valvular heart disease yet is not integrated into the heart team model for patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis. Decision aids (DAs) have been shown to improve patient-centered outcomes and may facilitate SDM.