tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nicotine’ actions on energy balance: Friend or foe?
Authors: Patricia Seoane-Collazo, Carlos Diéguez, Rubén Nogueiras, Kamal Rahmouni, José Manuel Fernández-Real, Miguel López
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2020)

Obesity has reached pandemic proportions and is associated with severe comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hepatic and cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancer types. However, the therapeutic options to treat obesity are limited. Extensive epidemiological studies have shown a strong relationship between smoking and body weight, with non-smokers weighing more than smokers at any age. Increased body weight after smoking cessation is a major factor that interferes with their attempts to quit smoking. Numerous controlled studies in both humans and rodents have reported that nicotine, the main bioactive component of tobacco, exerts a marked anorectic action. Furthermore, nicotine is also known to modulate energy expenditure, by regulating the thermogenic activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT), as well as glucose homeostasis. Many of these actions occur at central level, by controlling the activity of hypothalamic neuropeptide systems such as proopiomelanocortin (POMC), or energy sensors such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). However, direct impact of nicotine on metabolic tissues, such as BAT, WAT, liver and pancreas has also been described. Here, we review the actions of nicotine on energy balance. The relevance of this interaction is interesting, because considering the restricted efficiency of obesity treatments, a possible complementary approach may focus on compounds with known pharmacokinetic profile and pharmacological actions, such as nicotine or nicotinic acetylcholine receptors signaling.
Development and clinical deployment of a smartphone-based visual field deep learning system for glaucoma detection
Authors: Fei Li, Diping Song, Han Chen, Jian Xiong, Xingyi Li, Hua Zhong, Guangxian Tang, Sujie Fan, Dennis S. C. Lam, Weihua Pan, Yajuan Zheng, Ying Li, Guoxiang Qu, Junjun He, Zhe Wang, Ling Jin, Rouxi Zhou, Yunhe Song, Yi Sun, Weijing Cheng, Chunman Yang, Yazhi Fan, Yingjie Li, Hengli Zhang, Ye Yuan, Yang Xu, Yunfan Xiong, Lingfei Jin, Aiguo Lv, Lingzhi Niu, Yuhong Liu, Shaoli Li, Jiani Zhang, Linda M. Zangwill, Alejandro F. Frangi, Tin Aung, Ching-yu Cheng, Yu Qiao, Xiulan Zhang, Daniel S. W. Ting
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2020)

By 2040, ~100 million people will have glaucoma. To date, there are a lack of high-efficiency glaucoma diagnostic tools based on visual fields (VFs). Herein, we develop and evaluate the performance of 'iGlaucoma', a smartphone application-based deep learning system (DLS) in detecting glaucomatous VF changes. A total of 1,614,808 data points of 10,784 VFs (5542 patients) from seven centers in China were included in this study, divided over two phases. In Phase I, 1,581,060 data points from 10,135 VFs of 5105 patients were included to train (8424 VFs), validate (598 VFs) and test (3 independent test sets-200, 406, 507 samples) the diagnostic performance of the DLS. In Phase II, using the same DLS, iGlaucoma cloud-based application further tested on 33,748 data points from 649 VFs of 437 patients from three glaucoma clinics. With reference to three experienced expert glaucomatologists, the diagnostic performance (area under curve [AUC], sensitivity and specificity) of the DLS and six ophthalmologists were evaluated in detecting glaucoma. In Phase I, the DLS outperformed all six ophthalmologists in the three test sets (AUC of 0.834-0.877, with a sensitivity of 0.831-0.922 and a specificity of 0.676-0.709). In Phase II, iGlaucoma had 0.99 accuracy in recognizing different patterns in pattern deviation probability plots region, with corresponding AUC, sensitivity and specificity of 0.966 (0.953-0.979), 0.954 (0.930-0.977), and 0.873 (0.838-0.908), respectively. The 'iGlaucoma' is a clinically effective glaucoma diagnostic tool to detect glaucoma from humphrey VFs, although the target population will need to be carefully identified with glaucoma expertise input.
256P Risk of CNS metastasis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: Pathological complete response may not be enough
Authors: S.K. Loose, M.C. Tavares, L.D.M. Leite, M.G. Cesca, P.D. Andrade, F.A. de Oliveira, B.R.S. Mattos, S.F. Silva, R. Pirolli, C.A. Fogassa, F.A.B. Campos, S.M. Sanches, V.C.C. de Lima
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
1786P Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) extensive stage (ES) in Spain: Efficacy of treatments, data from the thoracic tumours registry (TTR study)
Authors: E. Carcereny Costa, V. Calvo, M. Guirado, A.L. Ortega Granados, R. Lopez Castro, D. Rodriguez-Abreu, J. Mosquera Martinez, E. del Barco Morillo, O. Juan-Vidal, A. Sanchez Hernandez, M.A. Sala Gonzalez, R. Blanco Guerrero, R. Bernabe Caro, R. Alonso, C. Garcia Benito, J.M. Oramas Rodriguez, P. Diz Tain, E. Nogueron Martinez, C.M. Guirao Rubio, M. Provencio Pulla
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
A randomized phase 2 trial of pomalidomide in subjects failing prior therapy for chronic graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Lauren M. Curtis, Alen Ostojic, David J. Venzon, Noa G. Holtzman, Filip Pirsl, Zoya J. Kuzmina, Kristin Baird, Jeremy J. Rose, Edward W. Cowen, Jacqueline W. Mays, Sandra A. Mitchell, Laura Parsons-Wandell, Galen O. Joe, Leora E. Comis, Ann Berger, Iskra Pusic, Cody J. Peer, William D. Figg, Liang Cao, Robert Peter Gale, Frances T. Hakim, Steven Z. Pavletic
Journal: Blood (2020)
Association of physical activity with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in 7666 adults with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM): more physical activity is better
Authors: Soonil Kwon, Hyun-Jung Lee, Kyung-Do Han, Da Hye Kim, Seung-Pyo Lee, In-Chang Hwang, Yeonyee Yoon, Jun-Bean Park, Heesun Lee, Soongu Kwak, Seokhun Yang, Goo-Yeong Cho, Yong-Jin Kim, Hyung-Kwan Kim, Steve R Ommen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

Recommendations on physical activity (PA) for adults with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are not well established. We investigated the association of PA intensity with mortality in the general adult HCM population.A nationwide population-based cohort of individuals with HCM who underwent health check-ups including questionnaires on PA levels were identified from the years 2009 to 2016 in the National Health Insurance Service database. Subjects who reported no PA at baseline were excluded. To estimate each individual's PA level, the PA score (PAS) was calculated based on the self-reported questionnaires, and the study population was categorised into three groups according to tertiles of PAS. The associations of PAS with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were analysed.A total of 7666 participants (mean age 59.5 years, 29.9% were women) were followed up for a mean 5.3±2.0 years. All-cause and cardiovascular mortality progressively decreased from the lowest to the highest tertiles of PA intensity: 9.1% (4.7%), 8.9% (3.8%) and 6.4% (2.7%), respectively (p-for-trend=0.0144 and 0.0023, respectively). Of note, compared with the middle PA group, the highest PA group did not have an increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.78, (95% CI 0.63 to 0.95) and HR 0.75 (95% CI 0.54 to 1.03), respectively). All subgroup and sensitivity analyses consistently showed that all-cause and cardiovascular mortality did not increase with higher PA levels.Moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA, in a middle-aged population of patients with HCM, was associated with progressive reduction of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. The impact of vigorous-intensity PA on a younger age group requires further investigation.
LBA4 IPATential150: Phase III study of ipatasertib (ipat) plus abiraterone (abi) vs placebo (pbo) plus abi in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)
Authors: J.S. de Bono, S. Bracarda, C.N. Sternberg, K.N. Chi, D. Olmos, S. Sandhu, C. Massard, N. Matsubara, B. Alekseev, R. Gafanov, F. Parnis, G.L. Buchschacher, L. Corrales, M. Borre, G. Vasconcelos Alves, J. Garcia, M-L. Harle-Yge, G. Chen, M.J. Wongchenko, C. Sweeney
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Diagnosis of physical and mental health conditions in primary care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Richard Williams, David A Jenkins, Darren M Ashcroft, Ben Brown, Stephen Campbell, Matthew J Carr, Sudeh Cheraghi-sohi, Navneet Kapur, Owain Thomas, Roger T Webb, Niels Peek
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2020)

To date, research on the indirect impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of the population and the health-care system is scarce. We aimed to investigate the indirect effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on general practice health-care usage, and the subsequent diagnoses of common physical and mental health conditions in a deprived UK population.We did a retrospective cohort study using routinely collected primary care data that was recorded in the Salford Integrated Record between Jan 1, 2010, and May 31, 2020. We extracted the weekly number of clinical codes entered into patient records overall, and for six high-level categories: symptoms and observations, diagnoses, prescriptions, operations and procedures, laboratory tests, and other diagnostic procedures. Negative binomial regression models were applied to monthly counts of first diagnoses of common conditions (common mental health problems, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer), and corresponding first prescriptions of medications indicative of these conditions. We used these models to predict the expected numbers of first diagnoses and first prescriptions between March 1 and May 31, 2020, which were then compared with the observed numbers for the same time period.Between March 1 and May 31, 2020, 1073 first diagnoses of common mental health problems were reported compared with 2147 expected cases (95% CI 1821 to 2489) based on preceding years, representing a 50·0% reduction (95% CI 41·1 to 56·9). Compared with expected numbers, 456 fewer diagnoses of circulatory system diseases (43·3% reduction, 95% CI 29·6 to 53·5), and 135 fewer type 2 diabetes diagnoses (49·0% reduction, 23·8 to 63·1) were observed. The number of first prescriptions of associated medications was also lower than expected for the same time period. However, the gap between observed and expected cancer diagnoses (31 fewer; 16·0% reduction, -18·1 to 36·6) during this time period was not statistically significant.In this deprived urban population, diagnoses of common conditions decreased substantially between March and May 2020, suggesting a large number of patients have undiagnosed conditions. A rebound in future workload could be imminent as COVID-19 restrictions ease and patients with undiagnosed conditions or delayed diagnosis present to primary and secondary health-care services. Such services should prioritise the diagnosis and treatment of these patients to mitigate potential indirect harms to protect public health.National Institute of Health Research.
1909P Treatment patterns and outcomes in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) in England: A nationwide CAS registry analysis from the I-O optimise initiative
Authors: P. Baas, M. Daumont, L. Lacoin, J.R. Penrod, R. Carroll, N. Tanna, S. Venkatesan, H. Ubhi, A. Calleja, M. Snee
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
1256TiP Phase III study of pembrolizumab (Pembro) with concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) followed by pembro with or without olaparib (Ola) vs CCRT followed by durvalumab (Durva) in unresectable, locally advanced, stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): KEYLYNK-012
Authors: S. Jabbour, B.C. Cho, E. Bria, T. Kato, J. Bhosle, J.F. Gainor, N. Reguart, L. Wang, D. Morgensztern, E.B. Gurary, T.B. Ashraf, H. Lara-Guerra, M. Reck
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
LBA54 Randomized phase III trial of nivolumab in combination with carboplatin, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab as first-line treatment for patients with advanced or recurrent non-squamous NSCLC
Authors: J-S. Lee, S. Sugawara, J.H. Kang, H.R. Kim, N. Inui, T. Hida, K.H. Lee, T. Yoshida, H. Tanaka, C.T. Yang, M. Nishio, Y. Ohe, T. Tamura, N. Yamamoto, C-J. Yu, H. Akamatsu, Y. Namba, N. Sumiyoshi, K. Nakagawa
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
COVID-19 Contact Tracing in Two Counties — North Carolina, June–July 2020
Authors: R. Ryan Lash, Catherine V. Donovan, Aaron T. Fleischauer, Zack S. Moore, Gibbie Harris, Susan Hayes, Meg Sullivan, April Wilburn, Jonathan Ong, Dana Wright, Raynard Washington, Amy Pulliam, Brittany Byers, Heather P. McLaughlin, Emilio Dirlikov, Dale A. Rose, Henry T. Walke, Margaret A. Honein, Patrick K. Moonan, John E. Oeltmann, Sean Griffing, Tanya Williams, Carolina Luna-Pinto, Raul Romaguera, Phoebe Thorpe, Julie Villanueva, Kyle Bernstein, Rachel Woodruff, Mary McFarlane, Eric Pevzner, Andrew Cressman, North Carolina, Victoria Mobley, North Carolina, Erika Samoff
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

Contact tracing is a strategy implemented to minimize the spread of communicable diseases (1,2). Prompt contact tracing, testing, and self-quarantine can reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (3,4). Community engagement is important to encourage participation in and cooperation with SARS-CoV-2 contact tracing (5). Substantial investments have been made to scale up contact tracing for COVID-19 in the United States. During June 1-July 12, 2020, the incidence of COVID-19 cases in North Carolina increased 183%, from seven to 19 per 100,000 persons per day* (6). To assess local COVID-19 contact tracing implementation, data from two counties in North Carolina were analyzed during a period of high incidence. Health department staff members investigated 5,514 (77%) persons with COVID-19 in Mecklenburg County and 584 (99%) in Randolph Counties. No contacts were reported for 48% of cases in Mecklenburg and for 35% in Randolph. Among contacts provided, 25% in Mecklenburg and 48% in Randolph could not be reached by telephone and were classified as nonresponsive after at least one attempt on 3 consecutive days of failed attempts. The median interval from specimen collection from the index patient to notification of identified contacts was 6 days in both counties. Despite aggressive efforts by health department staff members to perform case investigations and contact tracing, many persons with COVID-19 did not report contacts, and many contacts were not reached. These findings indicate that improved timeliness of contact tracing, community engagement, and increased use of community-wide mitigation are needed to interrupt SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Clinical criteria for COVID-19-associated hyperinflammatory syndrome: a cohort study
Authors: Brandon J Webb, Ithan D Peltan, Paul Jensen, Daanish Hoda, Bradley Hunter, Aaron Silver, Nathan Starr, Whitney Buckel, Nancy Grisel, Erika Hummel, Gregory Snow, Dave Morris, Eddie Stenehjem, Rajendu Srivastava, Samuel M Brown
Journal: The Lancet Rheumatology (2020)
1718P A French experience on COVID-19 and cancer from an academic general hospital in Paris area
Authors: P.A. Laurain, T. Landrin, A. Benmaziane Teillet, S. Sekkate, D. Billard, P. Lesprit, L-J. Couderc, S. Friard, H. Doubre, P. Beuzeboc, R. Ratta
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
LBA6_PR Nivolumab (nivo) plus chemotherapy (chemo) versus chemo as first-line (1L) treatment for advanced gastric cancer/gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC/GEJC)/esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC): First results of the CheckMate 649 study
Authors: M. Moehler, K. Shitara, M. Garrido, P. Salman, L. Shen, L. Wyrwicz, K. Yamaguchi, T. Skoczylas, A. Campos Bragagnoli, T. Liu, M. Schenker, P. Yanez, M. Tehfe, V. Poulart, D. Cullen, M. Lei, K. Kondo, M. Li, J.A. Ajani, Y.Y. Janjigian
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
AB1323-HPR A QUALITATIVE EXPLORATION OF THE PERSONAL FINANCIAL TOLL OF ARTHRITIS
Authors: D. Berkovic, D. Ayton, A. M. Briggs, I. Ackerman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: The financial experience faced by working-age people with arthritis includes living below the poverty line for many (1). Financial distress amongst people with arthritis is known to contribute to poorer health outcomes, including high psychological distress and more severe pain (2). Despite the demonstrated societal cost of arthritis care and management, the personal costs borne by the individual are not well understood in different health systems (3). Objectives: To explore the perceived financial impacts of living with arthritis amongst working-age individuals aged 18 – 50 years in Australia. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study design was used. Participants with inflammatory arthritis or osteoarthritis were recruited from the community, including urban and rural settings. An interview schedule was developed, informed by existing literature (4), which was piloted prior to data collection. Deductive and inductive coding techniques were used to identify financial-related themes arising from the data. Results: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 younger people (90% female) with a mix of arthritis conditions including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Four themes were identified: direct arthritis-attributable medical costs, indirect arthritis-attributable costs, insurance and pension costs, and broader financial impacts on the family. Non-subsidised costs were frequently referenced by participants as burdensome, and existed even within the publically-funded healthcare system. Financial distress was characterised by participants as chronic, onerous for the entire family, and associated with exacerbation of physical symptoms. Conclusion: People with arthritis and of working age experience significant arthritis-attributable financial burden and related distress. Financial concerns should be actively identified and considered within shared clinical decision making, in order to provide more patient-centred care for these individuals. References: [1]Rios R, Zautra AJ. (2011). Socioeconomic Disparities in Pain: The Role of Economic Hardship and Daily Financial Worry. Health Psychol. 30(1) 58-66. [2]Yilmaz V, Umay E, Gundogdu I, Kaaahmet ZO, Ozturk AE. (2017). Rheumatoid Arthritis: Are psychological factors effective in disease flare? Eur J Rheumatol. 4(2) 127-132. [3]Schofield D, Rupendra S, Cunich C. Counting the Cost Part 2: Economic Costs: The current and future burden of arthritis. The University of Sydney: Arthritis Australia; 2016. [4]Ackerman IN, Kemp JL, Crossley KM, Culvenor AG, Hinman RS. (2017). Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis Affects Younger People, Too. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 47(2) 67-79. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
LBA65 The Canadian Cancer Trials Group PA.7 trial: Results of a randomized phase II study of gemcitabine (GEM) and nab-paclitaxel (Nab-P) vs GEM, nab-P, durvalumab (D) and tremelimumab (T) as first line therapy in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC)
Authors: D.J. Renouf, J.J. Knox, P. Kavan, D. Jonker, S. Welch, F. Couture, F. Lemay, M. Tehfe, M. Harb, N. Aucoin, Y-J. Ko, P. Tang, R. Ramjeesingh, B.M. Meyers, C. Kim, D.F. Schaeffer, J. Loree, S. Gill, D. Tu, C. O'Callaghan
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
SILENCING OF 14-3-3ZETA INHIBITS CELL PROLIFERATION AND ENHANCES CHEMOSENSITIVITY OF CIS-DIAMMINED DICHLORIDOPLATIUM(CDDP) IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA CELL
Authors: Seung Kew Yoon, Jin Dong Kim, Jung Hyun Kwon, Chang Wook Kim, Jin Mo Yang, Sang Wook Choi, Young-Sok Lee, Chang Don Lee, Kyu Won Chung, Boo Sung Kim
Journal: Hepatology (2018)
Mesothelin Is a Novel Disease Marker and Potential Therapeutic Target in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Allison Kaeding, Katherine Tarlock, Sonali Barwe, Anilkumar Gopalakrisnapillai, Todd A Alonzo, Robert B Gerbing, Michael R. Loken, Rhonda E. Ries, Laura Pardo, Cassie Chou, E. Anders Kolb, Soheil Meshinchi
Journal: Blood (2017)
Proportion of Female Speakers at Academic Medical Conferences Across Multiple Specialties and Regions
Authors: Anuj Arora, Yuvreet Kaur, Fahima Dossa, Rosane Nisenbaum, Darby Little, Nancy N. Baxter
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Women in medicine have been underrepresented at medical conferences; however, contributing factors have not been well studied. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine the distribution of invited conference speakers by gender and factors associated with representation of women as speakers. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cross-sectional analysis used medical conference programs from March 2017 to November 2018 across 20 specialties in 5 regions (Australasia, Canada, Europe, the UK, and the US) that were obtained online or from conference conveners. <h3>Exposures</h3> Gender of invited lecturers, panelists, and planning committee members for each conference based on name or picture and publicly available data on compositions of specialties by gender for included regions. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Outcomes included the proportion of female speakers (invited lecturers and panelists), the number of single-gender panels, and the proportion of female speakers compared with the specialties' gender composition. Correlations between the gender composition of conference planning committees and the proportion of female speakers were assessed. Multivariable regression models were used to evaluate factors independently associated with the proportion of female speakers at conferences. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 8535 sessions (panels and invited lectures) with 23 440 speakers across 98 conferences were identified. Women accounted for 7064 (30.1%) of speakers; 1981 of 5409 panels (36.6%) consisted of men only, and 363 (6.7%) consisted of women only. The proportion of women speakers varied by region and specialty from 5.8% to 74.5%. In general, specialties with low baseline proportions of women (&lt;20%) had a ratio of female speakers to female specialists greater than 1, whereas specialties with high baseline proportions of women (&gt;40%) had a ratio of female speakers to female specialists less that 1. There was a strong positive correlation between the proportion of women on planning committees and conference representation of female speakers (<i>r</i> = 0.67;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). The association remained statistically significant after controlling for other variables, including the regional gender balance of the specialty (odds ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04-1.15;<i>P</i> &lt; .001 for every 10% increase in the proportion of women on the planning committee). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this cross-sectional study, the proportion of female speakers at medical conferences was lower than that of male speakers, and more than one-third of panels were composed of men only. Increasing the number of women on planning committees may help address gender inequities.