tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enzymology of Cancer Cells
Authors: George Weber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Carbohydrate Metabolism — Imbalance in Cancer Cells (Fig. 5)Liver and hepatomas are freely permeable to glucose; thus, the activity and concentration of competing enzyme systems (in the presence of cofactors) determine the fate of the hexose. The catabolic pathway of glucose, glycolysis, is opposed by the synthetic pathway of glucose production, gluconeogenesis. The three key enzymes of glycolysis (glucokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase) are opposed by the four key gluconeogenic enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose 1,6-diphosphatase [FDPase], phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and pyruvate carboxylase). The concept of key enzymes was developed from observations that the rate and direction of the opposing pathways of . . .
Decreased expression of type I (IFN-β) and type III (IFN-λ) interferons and interferon-stimulated genes in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps
Authors: Jae Woong Hwang, Ki Jeong Lee, In Hak Choi, Hye Min Han, Tae Hoon Kim, Sang Hag Lee
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)

Little is known about antiviral responses in the sinonasal mucosal tissue of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).we investigated the presence of virus and the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, TLR7, and interferon and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in healthy mucosal tissue of control subjects and the inflammatory sinus mucosal tissue of CRS patients, and evaluated whether levels of interferons and ISGs might be affected by CRS-related cytokines and by treatment with macrolides, dexamethasone, or TLR3 and TLR7 agonists.The presence of virus in the sinonasal mucosa was evaluated with real-time PCR. The expression of interferons and ISGs in the sinonasal mucosa and in cultured epithelial cells treated with TH1 and TH2 cytokines, macrolides, dexamethasone, or TLR3 and TLR7 agonists were evaluated with real-time PCR and Western blotting. The expression of TLR3 and TLR7 in the sinonasal mucosa were evaluated with immunohistochemistry.Respiratory viruses were detected in 15% of samples. Interferons and ISGs are expressed in normal mucosa, but their levels were decreased in patients with CRS. Interferon and ISG levels were upregulated in cells treated with macrolides, dexamethasone, or TLR3 agonist, but some were decreased in cytokine-treated cells. TLR3 and TLR7 levels showed no significant difference between normal and inflammatory sinus mucosal tissue.These results suggest that decreased levels of interferons and ISGs in patients with CRS might contribute to impairment of the antiviral innate response in inflammatory sinonasal epithelial cells. Macrolides and glucocorticoids might provide positive effects on the treatment of CRS by upregulating interferon and ISG expression.
Abstract 18797: Large Urban Center Improves Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survival
Authors: Marina Del Rios, Joseph Weber, Teri Campbell, Leslie Stein-Spencer, Eddie Markul, Claus Johnsen, Hai Nguyen, Salman Islam, Terry Vanden Hoek
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Improved out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) outcomes are possible when cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation are provided quickly and with an effective system of c...
Maintenance Treatment for Psychotic Depressive Disorders
Authors: William H. Coryell
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cardiologist who fitted wrong pacemaker and destroyed patient notes is struck off
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2019)

A cardiologist has been struck off the UK medical register after he failed to check a patient’s medical notes before surgery, implanted the wrong type of pacemaker, and then destroyed the notes specifying the correct type.

Amer Chit, a locum consultant cardiologist at Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, admitted to a trust investigation that, before implanting the pacemaker, he had looked at the operating list but not at the patient’s medical notes.

In the medical notes the consultant colleague who listed the patient for the procedure had diagnosed a heart block and had handwritten, “listed for dual pacemaker.” But, while entering data for the operating list, he had inadvertently …
Biomarkers and Clinical Cardiovascular Outcomes With Ezetimibe in the IMPROVE-IT Trial
Authors: Arman Qamar, Robert P. Giugliano, Erin A. Bohula, Jeong-Gun Park, Petr Jarolim, Sabina A. Murphy, Michael A. Blazing, Robert M. Califf, Christopher P. Cannon, Eugene Braunwald, David A. Morrow
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Surveillance of vancomycin-resistant enterococci reveals shift in dominating clones and national spread of a vancomycin-variable vanA Enterococcus faecium ST1421-CT1134 clone, Denmark, 2015 to March 2019
Authors: Anette M Hammerum, Ulrik S Justesen, Mette Pinholt, Louise Roer, Hülya Kaya, Peder Worning, Sanne Nygaard, Michael Kemp, Marianne Engell Clausen, Karen Leth Nielsen, Jurgita Samulioniené, Mona Kjærsgaard, Claus Østergaard, John Coia, Turid Snekloth Søndergaard, Shahin Gaini, Kristian Schønning, Henrik Westh, Henrik Hasman, Barbara Juliane Holzknecht
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2019)

We describe clonal shifts in vanA Enterococcus faecium isolates from clinical samples obtained from patients in Denmark from 2015 to the first quarter (Q1) of 2019. During Q1 2019, the vancomycin-variable enterococci (VVE) ST1421-CT1134 vanA E. faecium became the most dominant vanA E. faecium clone and has spread to all five regions in Denmark. Among 174 E. faecium isolates with vanA, vanB or vanA/vanB genes in Q1 2019, 44% belonged to this type.
Sickle Cell Trait, European Ancestry, and Longitudinal Tracking of HbA1c Among African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui, Stanford E. Mwasongwe, Mario Sims, Samuel Dagogo-Jack, Sherita H. Golden, Adolfo Correa, Solomon K. Musani
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

Studies of differences in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) have defined race/ethnicity as a social construct (1,2), not using objective biological parameters, and thus comparisons may have been confounded (3). Among blacks without diabetes, we investigated whether the proportion of European genetic ancestry (PEA) mediates the sickle cell trait (SCT) and HbA1c relation and whether PEA tracks HbA1c levels over time accounting for SCT.

We used data from three Jackson Heart Study (JHS) visits (2000–2004, 2005–2008, and 2009–2013), occurring at 4-year intervals. We excluded participants with diabetes (use of glucose-lowering medication or fasting blood glucose [FBG] ≥126 mg/dL) or prediabetes (FBG ≥100 mg/dL) at visit 1. We estimated PEA using 1,444 ancestry-informative markers. The rs334 variant defined SCT, and rs1050828 indicated glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. HbA1c was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography (Tosoh analyzer; assays coefficient of variation 1.4–1.9%).

Using visit 1 data, we estimated three relations (Fig. 1 A ) corresponding to regressions of 1 ) SCT on HbA1c ( c ), 2 ) SCT on PEA ( a ), and 3 ) both SCT and PEA on HbA1c levels ( c′ ). The indirect effect of PEA on HbA1c was estimated using the difference between c and c′. Complete mediation is observed when c′ = 0 and partial mediation when c − c′ ≠ 0 (Fig. 1 A ).



Figure 1 
A : Schematic conceptual framework …
Broadening Criteria for <i>BRCA1/2</i> Evaluation
Authors: Susan Domchek, Mark Robson
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Healing the Wounds
Authors: Joel D. Brown
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

Letters20 August 2019Healing the WoundsJoel D. Brown, MDJoel D. Brown, MDUniversity of Hawaii and The Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii (J.D.B.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L19-0211 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I congratulate Bartecchi on his reflections on being a military physician during the Vietnam War (1). Like the author, I was a U.S. Army physician serving in the Mekong Delta in the mid-1960s. I accompanied U.S. infantry members on missions into the delta swamps. Many of these soldiers subsequently developed warm water and tropical immersion foot (2). These disorders often limited U.S. military operations in swampy terrain to 3 days, followed by several days of rest in their base camps to dry their feet.The legend of the figure in Bartecchi's essay describes an improvised operating room ...References1. Bartecchi CE. Healing the wounds. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169:887-8. [PMID: 30557438]. doi:10.7326/M18-2018 LinkGoogle Scholar2. Allen AM, Taplin D. Tropical immersion foot. Lancet. 1973;2:1185-9. [PMID: 4127557] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Hawaii and The Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii (J.D.B.)Disclosures: The author has disclosed no conflicts of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L19-0211. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoHealing the Wounds Carl E. Bartecchi Healing the Wounds Carl E. Bartecchi Metrics 20 August 2019Volume 171, Issue 4Page: 305-306KeywordsArmed forcesConflicts of interestCyclic adenosine monophosphateDisclosureSurgery ePublished: 20 August 2019 Issue Published: 20 August 2019 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2019 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 17024: Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Mortality Trends in the Pediatric Population: A Retrospective Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database
Authors: Juan P Salazar Adum, Iva Golemi, Alfonso J Tafur
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the leading preventable cardiovascular diseases and responsible for approximately 300,000 deaths per year in the US. There is paucity of data regarding mortality secondary to VTE in the pediatric population. Aim: To determine the mortality trends due to VTE in hospitalized patients among the pediatric population. Methods: We perform a retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. The cohort group consisted in hospitalized patients under the age of 18 with a diagnosis of VTE. We used the ICD-9 coding system to identify the diagnosis of VTE. Patients were included only if VTE was considered within the first four discharge diagnoses. We used simple logistic regression to calculate trends. All statistical analyses were performed in SPSS software version 22. Chicago, Illinois. Results: A total of 4961 (not weighted) patients (female: 2567 (51.7%), mean age: 12.19 (SD=5.7), neonate to infant: 553 (11.1%), toddler: 173 (3.5%), preschool: 197 (4%), school: 751 (15.1%), adolescent: 3287 (66.3%)) were included. The prevalence of VTE by age group showed a J-shaped curve and was more commonly seen among adolescents. Fig. 1. A total of 93 patients died (1.9%). Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurred in 1835 patients (36.5%). Among patients with PE, 4.4% died compared to 0.4% with non-PE (OR: 10.9 95% CI 5.8-18.1, p: &lt;0.001). No trend in mortality was observed over a period of 10 years p: 0.19. Fig. 2. Conclusion: The inpatient mortality rate secondary to VTE among pediatric patients is low. Patients with PE have a 11-fold increased mortality likelihood compared to non-PE patients. No mortality trends were observed.
Bone morphogenic proteins 1 to 7 in human breast carcinoma
Authors: S. R. Davies, G. Watkins, A. Douglas-Jones, R. E. Mansel, W. G. Jiang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

21154 Background: Bone morphological proteins (BMPs) have a diverse role and they act in a time, concentration and cell type specific manner. They have been shown to regulate cellular motility and the cells ability to invade and recently BMP molecules have been shown to have an impact on the biological behaviour of breast cancer cells. In this study we looked, for the first time, at the expression of a panel of BMPs in breast carcinomas. Methods: Fresh frozen primary breast cancer tissues (n =120) and non-neoplastic mammary tissue (n = 32) were used. The distribution and location of BMPs was assessed using immunohistochemical methods and the levels of BMPs (BMP-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, and -7) were determined using quantitative RT-PCR. The results were analysed against the clinical, pathological and follow-up (10 years) data. Results: BMP-2 and BMP-7 had a contrast pattern of expression in normal and tumour tissues, in that BMP-2 transcript level was lower and BMP-7 was higher in breast tumours than normal tissues. BMP-2 transcript was also significantly lower in tumours from patients with a moderate and poor prognosis than from those with a good prognosis (p=0.04). Also both BMP-2 and BMP-7 showed a significant difference between node positive and node negative tumours (p=0.033 and p=0.031 respectively). BMPs 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 showed an inconsistent variation in transcript levels within the cancer subgroups with no statistically significant results. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated the differential expression pattern of BMP molecules in breast cancer and reveals a potential prognostic value of BMP-2 and BMP-7 for the patients. The findings may also suggest that these BMPs may be potential therapeutic targets. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
AB0116 Treatment of systemic sclerosis with anti-tnf-alpha antibodies. a case report
Authors: M Welcker, R Hollatz, A Werling, M Emmlinger, H Franck
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> In february 1999 a 39 year old woman developed progressive swelling of the hands, arthralgias, Raynaud9s phenomenon, dyspepsia and reduced physical strength. For this reasons, positive ANA9s (no anti topoisomerase I antibodies, pathologic oesophagus manometry and clinical signs of lung involvement including typical skin lesions (thickening, necrosis, erythema anulare, etc.) systemic sceloris was diagnosed. In the course of disease DMARDs such as penicillamin and cyclophosphamide showed no efficacy over a period of 18 months. Relatively high doses of methylprednisolone (up to 250 mg/d; not below 20 mg/d) were needed to reduce the clinical signs of the disease. In december 2000 anti-TNF-alpha-antibody therapy (infliximad) was started in a dosage of about 5 mg per kg body weight. After four perfusions (weeks 0, 2, 6, 10) clinical improvement (healing of skin necrosis, reduced dyspepsia and dyspnoe, increased general feeling, reduced VAS from 80 to 20, increased opening of the mouth, increased movement of the hands and fingers) permitted a slow reduction of the daily steroid dose. <h3>Objectives</h3> ./. <h3>Methods</h3> ./. <h3>Results</h3> ./. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This is a case with positive therapeutic onset of infliximab (remicade) in a case with systemic sclerosis.
Tunable Bioelastomers: One‐Pot Synthesis of Unsaturated Polyester Bioelastomer with Controllable Material Curing for Microscale Designs (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 16/2019)
Authors: Locke Davenport Huyer, A. Dawn Bannerman, Yufeng Wang, Houman Savoji, Ericka J. Knee‐Walden, Amanda Brissenden, Bess Yee, Mohammad Shoaib, Erin Bobicki, Brian G. Amsden, Milica Radisic
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2019)
Contemporary Demographic Reconstruction Methods Are Robust to Genome Assembly Quality: A Case Study in Tasmanian Devils
Authors: Austin H Patton, Mark J Margres, Amanda R Stahlke, Sarah Hendricks, Kevin Lewallen, Rodrigo K Hamede, Manuel Ruiz-Aravena, Oliver Ryder, Hamish I McCallum, Menna E Jones, Paul A Hohenlohe, Andrew Storfer
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2019)

Abstract Reconstructing species’ demographic histories is a central focus of molecular ecology and evolution. Recently, an expanding suite of methods leveraging either the sequentially Markovian coalescent (SMC) or the site-frequency spectrum has been developed to reconstruct population size histories from genomic sequence data. However, few studies have investigated the robustness of these methods to genome assemblies of varying quality. In this study, we first present an improved genome assembly for the Tasmanian devil using the Chicago library method. Compared with the original reference genome, our new assembly reduces the number of scaffolds (from 35,975 to 10,010) and increases the scaffold N90 (from 0.101 to 2.164 Mb). Second, we assess the performance of four contemporary genomic methods for inferring population size history (PSMC, MSMC, SMC++, Stairway Plot), using the two devil genome assemblies as well as simulated, artificially fragmented genomes that approximate the hypothesized demographic history of Tasmanian devils. We demonstrate that each method is robust to assembly quality, producing similar estimates of Ne when simulated genomes were fragmented into up to 5,000 scaffolds. Overall, methods reliant on the SMC are most reliable between ∼300 generations before present (gbp) and 100 kgbp, whereas methods exclusively reliant on the site-frequency spectrum are most reliable between the present and 30 gbp. Our results suggest that when used in concert, genomic methods for reconstructing species’ effective population size histories 1) can be applied to nonmodel organisms without highly contiguous reference genomes, and 2) are capable of detecting independently documented effects of historical geological events.
A novel low-penetrance locus for familial glioma at 15q23-q26.3
Authors: N Paunu, P Lahermo, P Onkamo, V Ollikainen, I Rantala, P Helen, K O J Simola, J Kere, H Haapasalo
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2002)

Epidemiological studies and case reports suggest that familial clustering of gliomas may occur in families that do not fit any known tumor syndromes. In the present study, 15 familial glioma pedigrees from a limited geographical area were hypothesized to carry the same low-penetrance susceptibility allele. We used a two-stage strategy for disease gene mapping. A genome scan in four glioma families revealed four interesting loci at chromosome arms 1q, 6q, 8p, and 15q. Additional markers in these regions provided evidence of significant linkage to 15q23-q26.3 with a maximum nonparametric linkage score of 3.35 with marker D15S130. Investigation of all 15 glioma families by association analysis (haplotype pattern mining) and through use of the transmission/disequilibrium test gave further evidence of significant association/transmission distortion at the same 15q locus (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively). No evidence of involvement of known tumor syndromes was obtained from the data provided by the linkage analysis or hospital records. Thus, the first genome-wide linkage analysis of familial glioma suggests a novel susceptibility locus at 15q23-q26.3.
Direct Evidence of an Increasing Mutational Load in Humans
Authors: Stéphane Aris-Brosou
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2019)

Abstract The extent to which selection has shaped present-day human populations has attracted intense scrutiny, and examples of local adaptations abound. However, the evolutionary trajectory of alleles that, today, are deleterious has received much less attention. To address this question, the genomes of 2,062 individuals, including 1,179 ancient humans, were reanalyzed to assess how frequencies of risk alleles and their homozygosity changed through space and time in Europe over the past 45,000 years. Although the overall deleterious homozygosity has consistently decreased, risk alleles have steadily increased in frequency over that period of time. Those that increased most are associated with diseases such as asthma, Crohn disease, diabetes, and obesity, which are highly prevalent in present-day populations. These findings may not run against the existence of local adaptations but highlight the limitations imposed by drift and population dynamics on the strength of selection in purging deleterious mutations from human populations.