tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bayesian strategy selection identifies optimal solutions to complex problems using an example from GP prescribing
Authors: S. Allender, J. Hayward, S. Gupta, A. Sanigorski, S. Rana, H. Seward, S. Jacobs, S. Venkatesh
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2020)

Complex health problems require multi-strategy, multi-target interventions. We present a method that uses machine learning techniques to choose optimal interventions from a set of possible interventions within a case study aiming to increase General Practitioner (GP) discussions of physical activity (PA) with their patients. Interventions were developed based on a causal loop diagram with 26 GPs across 13 clinics in Geelong, Australia. GPs prioritised eight from more than 80 potential interventions to increase GP discussion of PA with patients. Following a 2-week baseline, a multi-arm bandit algorithm was used to assign optimal strategies to GP clinics with the target outcome being GP PA discussion rates. The algorithm was updated weekly and the process iterated until the more promising strategies emerged (a duration of seven weeks). The top three performing strategies were continued for 3 weeks to improve the power of the hypothesis test of effectiveness for each strategy compared to baseline. GPs recorded a total of 11,176 conversations about PA. GPs identified 15 factors affecting GP PA discussion rates with patients including GP skills and awareness, fragmentation of care and fear of adverse outcomes. The two most effective strategies were correctly identified within seven weeks of the algorithm-based assignment of strategies. These were clinic reception staff providing PA information to patients at check in and PA screening questionnaires completed in the waiting room. This study demonstrates an efficient way to test and identify optimal strategies from multiple possible solutions.
Corrections to “Chronic myeloid leukaemia: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up”
Authors: A. Hochhaus, S. Saussele, G. Rosti, F.-X. Mahon, J.J.W.M Janssen, H. Hjorth-Hansen, J. Richter, C. Buske
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Metformin add‐on vs. antipsychotic switch vs. continued antipsychotic treatment plus healthy lifestyle education in overweight or obese youth with severe mental illness: results from the IMPACT trial
Authors: Christoph U. Correll, Linmarie Sikich, Gloria Reeves, Jacqueline Johnson, Courtney Keeton, Marina Spanos, Sandeep Kapoor, Kristin Bussell, Leslie Miller, Tara Chandrasekhar, Eva M. Sheridan, Sara Pirmohamed, Shauna P. Reinblatt, Cheryl Alderman, Abigail Scheer, Irmgard Borner, Terrence C. Bethea, Sarah Edwards, Robert M. Hamer, Mark A. Riddle
Journal: World Psychiatry (2020)

Antipsychotics are used for many psychiatric conditions in youth. Although developmentally inappropriate weight gain and metabolic abnormalities, which are risk factors for premature cardiovascular mortality, are especially frequent in youth, optimal strategies to reduce pediatric antipsychotic‐induced overweight/obesity are unclear. The Improving Metabolic Parameters in Antipsychotic Child Treatment (IMPACT) was a randomized, parallel group, 24‐week clinical trial which enrolled overweight/obese, psychiatrically stable youth, aged 8‐19 years, with a DSM‐IV diagnosis of severe mental illness (schizophrenia spectrum disorder, bipolar spectrum disorder or psychotic depression), at four US universities. All of them had developed substantial weight gain following treatment with a second‐generation antipsychotic. The centralized, computer‐based randomization system assigned participants to unmasked treatment groups: metformin (MET); antipsychotic switch (aripiprazole or, if already exposed to that drug, perphenazine or molindone; SWITCH); or continued baseline antipsychotic (CONTROL). All participants received healthy lifestyle education. The primary outcome was body mass index (BMI) z‐score change from baseline, analyzed using estimated least squares means. Altogether, 127 participants were randomized: 49 to MET, 31 to SWITCH, and 47 to CONTROL. BMI z‐score decreased significantly with MET (week 24: –0.09±0.03, p=0.002) and SWITCH (week 24: –0.11±0.04, p=0.003), while it increased non‐significantly with CONTROL (week 24: +0.04±0.03). On 3‐way comparison, BMI z‐score changes differed significantly (p=0.001). MET and SWITCH were each superior to CONTROL (p=0.002), with effect sizes of 0.68 and 0.81 respectively, while MET and SWITCH did not differ. More gastrointestinal problems occurred in MET than in SWITCH or CONTROL. The data safety monitoring board closed the perphenazine‐SWITCH arm because 35.2% of subjects discontinued treatment due to psychiatric worsening. These data suggest that pediatric antipsychotic‐related overweight/obesity can be reduced by adding metformin or switching to a lower risk antipsychotic. Healthy lifestyle education is not sufficient to prevent ongoing BMI z‐score increase.
Erlotinib Role in Pretreated Egfr Wild Type Caucasian Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: B. Gori, E. Del Signore, A. Fulvi, S. Ricciardi, M.R. Migliorino, R. Belli, S. Condò, S. De Santis, A.M. Colacchi, F. De Marinis
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
P-0060 First-Line Single Agent Chemotherapy in Recurred or Metastatic Gastric Cancer Patients with Poor Clinical Condition
Authors: Jun-Eul Hwang, Dae-Eun Kim, Hyun-Jeong Shim, Woo-Kyun Bae, Sang-Hee Cho, Ik-Joo Chung
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Trastuzumab Subcutaneous Formulation Administered Using a Proprietary Single-Use Injection Device, or Manually Using a Syringe
Authors: C. Wynne, D.S. Waaka, R.B. Ellis-Pegler, C. Schwabe, M. Lehle, D. Heinzmann, R. Mangat, C. Li, L.A. Herráez-Baranda, B.L. Lum
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Gamma (Gemcitabine and Amg 479 for Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas): a Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Ganitumab Plus Gemcitabine (G) or Placebo Plus G as First-Line Therapy for Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: C. Fuchs, S. Azevedo, L. Lipton, A. Carrato, J. Gansert, M. Moore, T. Okusaka, H. Riess, J. van Laethem, C. Szczylik
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
PD-0017 Phase II Trial of Target-Guided Personalized Chemotherapy in First Line Metastatic Colorectal
Authors: Antonio Cubillo, Jesús Rodriguez-Pascual, Fernando López-Ríos, Carlos Plaza Lopez, Elena García, Rafael Álvarez, De Emilio Vicente, Yolanda Quijano, Ovidio Hernando, Carmen Rubio, Manuel Hidalgo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
3-Months Postresection Alpha-Fetoprotein: an Independent Prognostic Tool in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Cirrhosis
Authors: M. Allard, A. Sa-Cunha, E. Vibert, B. Paule, G. Pelletier, M. Sebagh, C. Guettier, D. Castaing, R. Adam
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Egfr-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Treatment Beyond Progression in Long-Term Responders to Erlotinib in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Relevance of Egfr Mutation Status
Authors: M. Faehling, R. Eckert, T. Kamp, J. Sträter, G. Ott, W. Spengler
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
A Prospective Phase II Study of Induction Erlotinib Therapy in Stage IIIA-N2 Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: W.-Z. Zhong, X.-N. Yang, R.-Q. Liao, Q. Nie, J. Su, X.-C. Zhang, S.-J. An, Q. Zhou, J.-J. Yang, Y.-L. Wu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Influence of Smoking Status on Response to EGFR TKI – A Retrospective Analysis of Reflex EGFR Mutation Testing in Asian Patients with Advanced Lung Adenocarcinomas
Authors: A. Jain, S.L. Koo, K.S. Chan, Q.S. Ng, N.M. Chau, M.K. Ang, L. Oon, W.T. Lim, E.H. Tan, D.S.W. Tan
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Harnessing wearable device data to improve state-level real-time surveillance of influenza-like illness in the USA: a population-based study
Authors: Jennifer M Radin, Nathan E Wineinger, Eric J Topol, Steven R Steinhubl
Journal: The Lancet Digital Health (2020)

BackgroundAcute infections can cause an individual to have an elevated resting heart rate (RHR) and change their routine daily activities due to the physiological response to the inflammatory insult. Consequently, we aimed to evaluate if population trends of seasonal respiratory infections, such as influenza, could be identified through wearable sensors that collect RHR and sleep data.MethodsWe obtained de-identified sensor data from 200 000 individuals who used a Fitbit wearable device from March 1, 2016, to March 1, 2018, in the USA. We included users who wore a Fitbit for at least 60 days and used the same wearable throughout the entire period, and focused on the top five states with the most Fitbit users in the dataset: California, Texas, New York, Illinois, and Pennsylvania. Inclusion criteria included having a self-reported birth year between 1930 and 2004, height greater than 1 m, and weight greater than 20 kg. We excluded daily measurements with missing RHR, missing wear time, and wear time less than 1000 min per day. We compared sensor data with weekly estimates of influenza-like illness (ILI) rates at the state level, as reported by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), by identifying weeks in which Fitbit users displayed elevated RHRs and increased sleep levels. For each state, we modelled ILI case counts with a negative binomial model that included 3-week lagged CDC ILI rate data (null model) and the proportion of weekly Fitbit users with elevated RHR and increased sleep duration above a specified threshold (full model). We also evaluated weekly change in ILI rate by linear regression using change in proportion of elevated Fitbit data. Pearson correlation was used to compare predicted versus CDC reported ILI rates.FindingsWe identified 47 249 users in the top five states who wore a Fitbit consistently during the study period, including more than 13·3 million total RHR and sleep measures. We found the Fitbit data significantly improved ILI predictions in all five states, with an average increase in Pearson correlation of 0·12 (SD 0·07) over baseline models, corresponding to an improvement of 6·3–32·9%. Correlations of the final models with the CDC ILI rates ranged from 0·84 to 0·97. Week-to-week changes in the proportion of Fitbit users with abnormal data were associated with week-to-week changes in ILI rates in most cases.InterpretationActivity and physiological trackers are increasingly used in the USA and globally to monitor individual health. By accessing these data, it could be possible to improve real-time and geographically refined influenza surveillance. This information could be vital to enact timely outbreak response measures to prevent further transmission of influenza cases during outbreaks.FundingPartly supported by the US National Institutes of Health National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences.
A Randomized Phase II Study Comparing Erlotinib (E) Versus e Alternating with Chemotherapy in Relapsed Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients. The NVALT10 Study
Authors: J.G. Aerts, H. Codrington, S. Burgers, B. Biesma, O. Dalesio, A.C. Dingemans, A.D. Vincent, H.J.M. Groen, E.F. Smit
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
A Prospective Multicenter Feasibility Study With Short-Time Infusion of Panitumumab (Ship Trial)
Authors: K. Akiyoshi, T. Hamaguchi, Y. Nagai, H. Yasui, G. Sakai, S. Akatsuka, A. Hosokawa, S. Hirai, K. Yoshimura, Y. Shimada
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Analysis of the metabolomic profile of a healthy blood donor cohort and comparison with the heart failure metabolomic fingerprint.
Authors: M. Biagioli, P. Pantaleo, Leonardo Tenori, Claudio Luchinat, X. Hu, C. Lippi, F. Biagini, C. Gironi, B. Alterini, G. F. Gensini
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)
Ropinirole, a New ALS Drug Candidate Developed Using iPSCs
Authors: Hideyuki Okano, Daisuke Yasuda, Koki Fujimori, Satoru Morimoto, Shinichi Takahashi
Journal: Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (2020)

iPSC-based drug discovery is a promising technology for developing novel therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases lacking useful disease models, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).Ropinirole, retigabine, and bosutinib were identified as candidate therapeutic agents for ALS by the combination of iPSC-based drug discovery and drug repositioning.The potential anti-ALS mechanism of ropinirole is independent of antioxidant activity, rescue of mitochondria, reduction of stress granules, and abnormal proteins such as phosphorylated TDP-43 and FUS, and dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) agonism.Retigabine inhibits the hyperexcitability of motor neurons in ALS and bosutinib prompts autophagy and reduces abnormal proteins such as SOD-1 and phosphorylated TDP-43 via the Src/c-Abl pathway in motor neurons in ALS.Stratification of ALS, personalized medicine strategies, and the identification of common mechanisms with other neurodegenerative diseases are key aspects in the development of ALS therapies. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are increasingly used in the study of disease mechanisms and the development of effective disease-modifying therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recently, three candidate anti-ALS drugs – ropinirole (ROPI), retigabine, and bosutinib – have been identified in iPSC-based drug screens and are now being evaluated in clinical trials for safety and effectiveness. We review the preclinical data, clinical research design, and rationale for ROPI as an anti-ALS drug candidate compared with those of the other two drugs. We also discuss the use of iPSCs for understanding and monitoring treatment response as well as for new insights into the development of new drugs and therapeutic interventions for major neurodegenerative diseases. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are increasingly used in the study of disease mechanisms and the development of effective disease-modifying therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recently, three candidate anti-ALS drugs – ropinirole (ROPI), retigabine, and bosutinib – have been identified in iPSC-based drug screens and are now being evaluated in clinical trials for safety and effectiveness. We review the preclinical data, clinical research design, and rationale for ROPI as an anti-ALS drug candidate compared with those of the other two drugs. We also discuss the use of iPSCs for understanding and monitoring treatment response as well as for new insights into the development of new drugs and therapeutic interventions for major neurodegenerative diseases.
Health research is facing a “crisis” and must be protected, academy warns
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Prominent NHS and academic leaders have warned that health research is facing a crisis that could affect patient care because NHS staff are finding it increasingly difficult to find time to participate in studies.

In its new report, the Academy of Medical Sciences identified the widening gap between universities and the NHS as a hindrance to support for research and called for action from healthcare, academic, and political leaders to “protect and enhance” research in the NHS.1

Among …
Phase 1B Study of a Novel Oral Ppar-Gamma Agonist, Efatutazone in Combination with Folfiri in Japanese Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer who Failed the First-Line Therapy
Authors: T. Yoshino, S. Yuki, K. Yamazaki, N. Machida, Y. Komatsu, R. Oyama, Y. Yachi, H. Onuma, A. Ohtsu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Tissue Microarray (TMA) and VHL Mutations as Predictors of Outcome in Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (CCRCC) Treated with Firs Line Sunitinib
Authors: J.F. Rodríguez-Moreno, E. Esteban, M. Morente, I. Alemany, D.E. Castellano, A. Gonzalez Del Alba, M. Climent, C. Rodriguez-Antona, J. Garcia-Donas
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Randomized Phase III Trial of S-1 Plus Cisplatin Versus Docetaxel Plus Cisplatin for Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (TCOG0701)
Authors: H. Sakai, A. Gemma, K. Kubota, M. Nishio, H. Okamoto, A. Inoue, H. Isobe, K. Kobayashi, M. Takeuchi, S. Kudoh
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Recognition and Initial Management of Fulminant Myocarditis
Authors: Robb D. Kociol, Leslie T. Cooper, James C. Fang, Javid J. Moslehi, Peter S. Pang, Marwa A. Sabe, Ravi V. Shah, Daniel B. Sims, Gaetano Thiene, Orly Vardeny
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Fulminant myocarditis (FM) is an uncommon syndrome characterized by sudden and severe diffuse cardiac inflammation often leading to death resulting from cardiogenic shock, ventricular arrhythmias, or multiorgan system failure. Historically, FM was almost exclusively diagnosed at autopsy. By definition, all patients with FM will need some form of inotropic or mechanical circulatory support to maintain end-organ perfusion until transplantation or recovery. Specific subtypes of FM may respond to immunomodulatory therapy in addition to guideline-directed medical care. Despite the increasing availability of circulatory support, orthotopic heart transplantation, and disease-specific treatments, patients with FM experience significant morbidity and mortality as a result of a delay in diagnosis and initiation of circulatory support and lack of appropriately trained specialists to manage the condition. This scientific statement outlines the resources necessary to manage the spectrum of FM, including extracorporeal life support, percutaneous and durable ventricular assist devices, transplantation capabilities, and specialists in advanced heart failure, cardiothoracic surgery, cardiac pathology, immunology, and infectious disease. Education of frontline providers who are most likely to encounter FM first is essential to increase timely access to appropriately resourced facilities, to prevent multiorgan system failure, and to tailor disease-specific therapy as early as possible in the disease process.
Global prevalence of latent toxoplasmosis in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: A. Rostami, S.M. Riahi, H.R. Gamble, Y. Fakhri, M. Nourollahpour Shiadeh, M. Danesh, H. Behniafar, S. Paktinat, M. Foroutan, A.H. Mokdad, P.J. Hotez, R.B. Gasser
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2020)
Telemonitoring systems for respiratory patients: technological aspects
Authors: Alessandra Angelucci, Andrea Aliverti
Journal: Pulmonology (2020)

This review introduces the reader to the available technologies in the field of telemonitoring, with focus on respiratory patients. In the materials and methods section, a general structure of telemonitoring systems for respiratory patients is presented and the sensors of interest are illustrated, i.e., respiratory monitors (wearable and non-wearable), activity trackers, pulse oximeters, environmental monitors and other sensors of physiological variables. Afterwards, the most common communication protocols are briefly introduced. In the results section, selected clinical studies that prove the significance of the presented parameters in chronic respiratory diseases are presented. This is followed by a discussion on the main current issues in telemedicine, in particular legal aspects, data privacy and benefits both in economic and health terms.
Additive manufacturing of magnesium alloys
Authors: Rakeshkumar Karunakaran, Sam Ortgies, Ali Tamayol, Florin Bobaru, Michael P. Sealy
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2020)

Magnesium alloys are a promising new class of degradable biomaterials that have a similar stiffness to bone, which minimizes the harmful effects of stress shielding. Use of biodegradable magnesium implants eliminates the need for a second surgery for repair or removal. There is a growing interest to capitalize on additive manufacturing's unique design capabilities to advance the frontiers of medicine. However, magnesium alloys are difficult to 3D print due to the high chemical reactivity that poses a combustion risk. Furthermore, the low vaporization temperature of magnesium and common biocompatible alloying elements further increases the difficulty to print fully dense structures that balance strength and corrosion requirements. The purpose of this study is to survey current techniques to 3D print magnesium constructs and provide guidance on best additive practices for these alloys.
The Role of Hedgehog (HH) Signaling in the Prediction of Clinical Outcome for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: R. Berardi, A. Santinelli, M. Caramanti, A. Savini, A. Onofri, T. Biscotti, A. Brunelli, P. Mazzanti, I. Bearzi, S. Cascinu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Catastrophic effects of climate change on children’s health start before birth
Authors: Susan E. Pacheco
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

When I first paid attention to the magnitude of the climate crisis in 2006, it was hard to accept that I had been indifferent to the problem for so many years.As a pediatrician, it did not take long to realize that children, whose bodies and minds are still developing and who are dependent on adults for care, are the most tragic casualties of the climate crisis.The shift in weather patterns, increased heat, heat waves, and drought; the resulting wildfires, increased storm intensity and flooding, crop failure and lower nutritional value, and shifting pattern of infectious vectors; and the resulting air pollution from continued use of fossil fuels impose a heavy burden in children, whose inherent physical and emotional immaturity makes them more vulnerable to these insults.
ADDITION OF CETUXIMAB TO OXALIPLATIN-BASED COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY (CT) IN PATIENTS WITH K-ras WILD-TYPE ADVANCED COLORECTAL CANCER (ACRC): EFFECTS ON OVERALL SURVIVAL. MRC COIN (CR10) TRIAL RESULTS
Authors: R Adams, T Maughan, C Smith, M Seymour, R Wilson, A Meade, D Fisher, A Madi, S Kenny, H Wasan, P Rogers, E Hodgkinson, B Jasani, J Cheadle, R Kaplan
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2009)
PD-0008 Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) Versus Robotic Radiosurgery (RRS) in the Treatment of Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: Sebastian Stintzing, Alexander Grothe, Ralf Hoffmann, Volker Heinemann, Markus Rentsch, Alexander Muacevic, Christoph Trumm
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Second Generation Nanoporous Silicon Nitride Membranes for High Toxin Clearance and Small Format Hemodialysis
Authors: Kayli Hill, Samuel N. Walker, Alec Salminen, Hung L. Chung, Xunzhi Li, Bahie Ezzat, Joshua J. Miller, Jon‐Paul S. DesOrmeaux, Jingkai Zhang, Andrew Hayden, Tucker Burgin, Lindsay Piraino, Marina N. May, Thomas R. Gaborski, James A. Roussie, Jeremy Taylor, Louis DiVincenti, Alexander A. Shestopalov, James L. McGrath, Dean G. Johnson
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Conventional hemodialysis (HD) uses floor‐standing instruments and bulky dialysis cartridges containing ≈2 m 2 of 10 micrometer thick, tortuous‐path membranes. Portable and wearable HD systems can improve outcomes for patients with end‐stage renal disease by facilitating more frequent, longer dialysis at home, providing more physiological toxin clearance. Developing devices with these benefits requires highly efficient membranes to clear clinically relevant toxins in small formats. Here, the ability of ultrathin (&lt;100 nm) silicon‐nitride‐based membranes to reduce the membrane area required to clear toxins by orders of magnitude is shown. Advanced fabrication methods are introduced that produce nanoporous silicon nitride membranes (NPN‐O) that are two times stronger than the original nanoporous nitride materials (NPN) and feature pore sizes appropriate for middle‐weight serum toxin removal. Single‐pass benchtop studies with NPN‐O (1.4 mm 2 ) demonstrate the extraordinary clearance potential of these membranes (10 5 mL min −1 m −2 ), and their intrinsic hemocompatibility. Results of benchtop studies with nanomembranes, and 4 h dialysis of uremic rats, indicate that NPN‐O can reduce the membrane area required for hemodialysis by two orders of magnitude, suggesting the performance and robustness needed to enable small‐format hemodialysis, a milestone in the development of small‐format hemodialysis systems.
session F
Authors: C Arcara, L Sandonato, F Fulfaro, G Badalamenti, L Vizzini, C Intrivici, M Travagliato, N Gebbia, L Incorvaia, S Fricano, F Tumminello, C Flandina, M Crescimanno, G Leto, T Bartolotta, M Cajozzo, T Balestrieri, F Cappello, G Modica
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2006)