tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Management of Osteoporosis in Survivors of Adult Cancers With Nonmetastatic Disease: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Charles L. Shapiro, Catherine Van Poznak, Christina Lacchetti, Jeffrey Kirshner, Richard Eastell, Robert Gagel, Sean Smith, Beatrice J. Edwards, Elizabeth Frank, Gary H. Lyman, Matthew R. Smith, Rahul Mhaskar, Tara Henderson, Joan Neuner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

PURPOSE The aim of this work is to provide evidence-based guidance on the management of osteoporosis in survivors of adult cancer. METHODS ASCO convened a multidisciplinary Expert Panel to develop guideline recommendations based on a systematic review of the literature. RESULTS The literature search of the 2018 systematic review by the US Preventive Services Task Force in the noncancer population was used as the evidentiary base upon which the Expert Panel based many of its recommendations. A total of 61 additional studies on topics and populations not covered in the US Preventive Services Task Force review were also included. Patients with cancer with metastatic disease and cancer survival outcomes related to bone-modifying agents are not included in this guideline. RECOMMENDATIONS Patients with nonmetastatic cancer may be at risk for osteoporotic fractures due to baseline risks or due to the added risks that are associated with their cancer therapy. Clinicians are advised to assess fracture risk using established tools. For those patients with substantial risk of osteoporotic fracture, the clinician should obtain a bone mineral density test. The bone health of all patients may benefit from optimizing nutrition, exercise, and lifestyle. When a pharmacologic agent is indicated, bisphosphonates or denosumab at osteoporosis-indicated dosages are the preferred interventions.
Correlates of Walking for Travel in Seven European Cities: The PASTA Project
Authors: Mireia Gascon, Thomas Götschi, Audrey de Nazelle, Esther Gracia, Albert Ambròs, Sandra Márquez, Oriol Marquet, Ione Avila-Palencia, Christian Brand, Francesco Iacorossi, Elisabeth Raser, Mailin Gaupp-Berghausen, Evi Dons, Michelle Laeremans, Sonja Kahlmeier, Julian Sánchez, Regine Gerike, Esther Anaya-Boig, Luc Int Panis, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2019)

BACKGROUND: Although walking for travel can help in reaching the daily recommended levels of physical activity, we know relatively little about the correlates of walking for travel in the European context.OBJECTIVE: Within the framework of the European Physical Activity through Sustainable Transport Approaches (PASTA) project, we aimed to explore the correlates of walking for travel in European cities. METHODS: The same protocol was applied in seven European cities.Using a web-based questionnaire, we collected information on total minutes of walking per week, individual characteristics, mobility behavior, and attitude (N = 7,875).Characteristics of the built environment (the home and the work/study addresses) were determined with geographic information system (GIS)-based techniques.We conducted negative binomial regression analyses, including city as a random effect.Factor and principal component analyses were also conducted to define profiles of the different variables of interest.RESULTS: Living in high-density residential areas with richness of facilities and density of public transport stations was associated with increased walking for travel, whereas the same characteristics at the work/study area were less strongly associated with the outcome when the residential and work/study environments were entered in the model jointly.A walk-friendly social environment was associated with walking for travel.All three factors describing different opinions about walking (ranging from good to bad) were associated with increased minutes of walking per week, although the importance given to certain criteria to choose a mode of transport provided different results according to the criteria.DISCUSSION: The present study supports findings from previous research regarding the role of the built environment in the promotion of walking for travel and provides new findings to help in achieving sustainable, healthy, livable, and walkable cities.
Predicting Clinical Responses to Ustekinumab
Authors: Andrew Blauvelt
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Epithelial NOTCH Signaling Rewires the Tumor Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer to Drive Poor-Prognosis Subtypes and Metastasis
Authors: Rene Jackstadt, Sander R. van Hooff, Joshua D. Leach, Xabier Cortes-Lavaud, Jeroen O. Lohuis, Rachel A. Ridgway, Valérie M. Wouters, Jatin Roper, Timothy J. Kendall, Campbell S. Roxburgh, Paul G. Horgan, Colin Nixon, Craig Nourse, Matthias Gunzer, William Clark, Ann Hedley, Omer H. Yilmaz, Mamunur Rashid, Peter Bailey, Andrew V. Biankin, Andrew D. Campbell, David J. Adams, Simon T. Barry, Colin W. Steele, Jan Paul Medema, Owen J. Sansom
Journal: Cancer Cell (2019)

The metastatic process of colorectal cancer (CRC) is not fully understood and effective therapies are lacking. We show that activation of NOTCH1 signaling in the murine intestinal epithelium leads to highly penetrant metastasis (100% metastasis; with >80% liver metastases) in Kras
Response to: ‘Diabetes mellitus in ankylosing spondylitis’ by Liao<i>et al</i>
Authors: Sylvain Mathieu, Martin Soubrier
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

Response to: 'Diabetes mellitus in ankylosing spondylitis' by Liao et al We would like to thank Liao and colleagues for their attention to our study 1 and for the results of their nationwide cohort study reporting a higher incidence of diabetes mellitus in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). 2 In our study, we did not assess the cardiovascular risk profile or evaluate the incidence of diabetes mellitus among AS patients.We completely agree that there might be a relationship between a higher incidence of diabetes and the increased risk of cardiovascular events found in AS patients.Assessment of AS patients should include examination for the presence of diabetes mellitus.As stated by Liao and colleagues, additional studies are needed to draw strong conclusions regarding the association between diabetes and AS.
Randomised controlled trial and process evaluation of biomarker-guided antibiotic stewardship in suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia
Authors: Thomas Hellyer, Daniel F McAuley, Timothy S Walsh, Niall Anderson, Andrew Conway Morris, Suveer Singh, Paul Dark, Alistair I Roy, Gavin D Perkins, Ronan McMullan, Lydia M Emerson, Bronagh Blackwood, Stephen E Wright, Kallirroi Kefala, Cecilia M O’Kane, Simon Baudouin, Ross L Paterson, Anthony J Rostron, Ashley Agus, Jonathan Bannard-Smith, Nicole M Robin, Ingeborg D Welters, Christopher Bassford, Bryan Yates, Craig Spencer, Shondipon K Laha, Jonathan Hulme, Stephen Bonner, Vanessa Linnett, Julian Sonksen, Tina Van Den Broeck, Gert Boschman, James Keenan, Jonathan Scott, A Joy Allen, Glenn Phair, Jennie Parker, Susan A Bowett, A John Simpson
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2019)
Half of trials supporting new cancer drug approval in Europe had high risk of bias
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Researchers have called for tougher regulations on approving cancer drugs in Europe after they found that many drugs were licensed on the basis of poorly designed trials that included no data on whether the drugs helped patients to live longer.

Around half of the trials that supported new cancer drug approvals in Europe from 2014 to 2016 were judged to have a high risk of bias, indicating that the treatment effects might have been exaggerated, the team found in a study published by The BMJ .1

Researchers from the UK, the US, and Canada assessed the randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that were used to support the approval of new cancer drugs by the …
Abstract 18058: Atrial Fibrillation is Not Associated With Thromboembolic Complications in Patients With Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Veraprapas Kittipibul, Pattara Rattanawong, Pakawat Chongsathidkiet, Wasawat Vutthikraivit, Napatt Kanjanahattakij
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a well-established risk factor of thromboembolism (TE). Thromboembolism is one of the most common complications in patients supported by continuous-flow left...
Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) and Safety Profile from Phase I Study of MT-3724 (CD20 targeted immunotoxin) in Relapsed/Refractory (R/R) Non-Hodgkin B-Cell Lymphoma (NHL)
Authors: Michelle A. Fanale, Steven I. Park, David J. Valacer, Jack Higgins, John Mark Sloan, Anas Younes, Paul A. Hamlin
Journal: Blood (2017)
Personalized Prediction of Cardiovascular Benefits and Bleeding Harms From Aspirin for Primary Prevention
Authors: Vanessa Selak, Rod Jackson, Katrina Poppe, Billy Wu, Matire Harwood, Corina Grey, Romana Pylypchuk, Suneela Mehta, Yeun-Hyang Choi, Andrew Kerr, Sue Wells
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

Background: Whether the benefits of aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) outweigh its bleeding harms in some patients is unclear. Objective: To identify persons without CVD for whom aspirin would probably result in a net benefit. Design: Individualized benefit–harm analysis based on sex-specific risk scores and estimates of the proportional effect of aspirin on CVD and major bleeding from a 2019 meta-analysis. Setting: New Zealand primary care. Participants: 245 028 persons (43.6% women) aged 30 to 79 years without established CVD who had their CVD risk assessed between 2012 and 2016. Measurements: The net effect of aspirin was calculated for each participant by subtracting the number of CVD events likely to be prevented (CVD risk score × proportional effect of aspirin on CVD risk) from the number of major bleeds likely to be caused (major bleed risk score × proportional effect of aspirin on major bleeding risk) over 5 years. Results: 2.5% of women and 12.1% of men were likely to have a net benefit from aspirin treatment for 5 years if 1 CVD event was assumed to be equivalent in severity to 1 major bleed, increasing to 21.4% of women and 40.7% of men if 1 CVD event was assumed to be equivalent to 2 major bleeds. Net benefit subgroups had higher baseline CVD risk, higher levels of most established CVD risk factors, and lower levels of bleeding-specific risk factors than net harm subgroups. Limitations: Risk scores and effect estimates were uncertain. Effects of aspirin on cancer outcomes were not considered. Applicability to non–New Zealand populations was not assessed. Conclusion: For some persons without CVD, aspirin is likely to result in net benefit. Primary Funding Source: Health Research Council of New Zealand.
Medications associated with fracture risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Yi-Sheng Liou, Tsung-Kun Lin, Hung-Yi Chen, Gwo-Ping Jong
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

Statins have been widely used to control dyslipidaemia, and there is strong evidence for beneficial effects for patients at risk for cardiovascular diseases.1 2 In particular, statins may influence bone metabolism by increasing bone formation.3 4 Recently, Ozen et al 5 reported that medication with opioids, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and glucocorticoids were associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis-related site fractures (vertebra, hip, forearm and humerus) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, whereas statins and tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors were associated with a decreased risk of vertebral fractures. These findings were published in the August 2019 issue of the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases . Certainly, the findings of Ozen et al 5 will be significant for clinicians; however, four points remain unaddressed that we would like to communicate with the authors.

First, the prevalence of osteoporotic fracture has been reported to be significantly higher in patients with chronic diseases compared …
A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of a Virtually Supervised Home-Based High-Intensity Interval Training Intervention in People With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Sam N. Scott, Sam O. Shepherd, Rob C. Andrews, Parth Narendran, Tejpal S. Purewal, Florence Kinnafick, Daniel J. Cuthbertson, Sandra Atkinson-Goulding, Tom Noon, Anton J.M. Wagenmakers, Matt Cocks
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

OBJECTIVE Adopt a multidisciplinary approach to evaluate a virtually supervised home-based high-intensity interval training (Home-HIT) intervention in people with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eleven individuals with type 1 diabetes (seven women; age 30 ± 3 years; 2.5 ± 0.2 L/min; duration of diabetes 10 ± 2 years) completed 6 weeks of Home-HIT. A heart rate monitor and mobile phone application were used to provide feedback to the participants and research team on exercise intensity (compliance) and adherence. RESULTS Training adherence was 95 ± 2%, and compliance was 99 ± 1%. Home-HIT increased by 7% (P = 0.017) and decreased insulin dose by 13% (P = 0.012). Blood glucose concentration did not change from baseline to immediately or 1 h post Home-HIT. Qualitative perceptions of Home-HIT and the virtual-monitoring system were positive, supporting that the intervention successfully removed exercise barriers in people with type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Virtually monitored Home-HIT resulted in high adherence alongside increased and decreased insulin dose.
Diagnosis and management of Guillain–Barré syndrome in ten steps
Authors: Sonja E. Leonhard, Melissa R. Mandarakas, Francisco A. A. Gondim, Kathleen Bateman, Maria L. B. Ferreira, David R. Cornblath, Pieter A. van Doorn, Mario E. Dourado, Richard A. C. Hughes, Badrul Islam, Susumu Kusunoki, Carlos A. Pardo, Ricardo Reisin, James J. Sejvar, Nortina Shahrizaila, Cristiane Soares, Thirugnanam Umapathi, Yuzhong Wang, Eppie M. Yiu, Hugh J. Willison, Bart C. Jacobs
Journal: Nature Reviews Neurology (2019)

Abstract Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare, but potentially fatal, immune-mediated disease of the peripheral nerves and nerve roots that is usually triggered by infections. The incidence of GBS can therefore increase during outbreaks of infectious diseases, as was seen during the Zika virus epidemics in 2013 in French Polynesia and 2015 in Latin America. Diagnosis and management of GBS can be complicated as its clinical presentation and disease course are heterogeneous, and no international clinical guidelines are currently available. To support clinicians, especially in the context of an outbreak, we have developed a globally applicable guideline for the diagnosis and management of GBS. The guideline is based on current literature and expert consensus, and has a ten-step structure to facilitate its use in clinical practice. We first provide an introduction to the diagnostic criteria, clinical variants and differential diagnoses of GBS. The ten steps then cover early recognition and diagnosis of GBS, admission to the intensive care unit, treatment indication and selection, monitoring and treatment of disease progression, prediction of clinical course and outcome, and management of complications and sequelae.
Vaccination uptake: access is still biggest barrier, experts warn
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Lack of access is still the main factor hindering vaccine coverage and must not be overlooked in the fight to increase uptake. This was the message delivered at the first ever global vaccine summit, co-hosted by the European Commission and World Health Organization.

Speaking at the conference in Brussels on 12 September, WHO’s director general, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, said that although there was a “serious problem of misinformation” and increasing vaccine hesitancy, especially in rich countries, access to vaccines remained the world’s “main problem.”

“Even in Europe children are dying from measles,” said Tedros in his speech calling for action. “This is a wake-up call. We were fighting it [measles], it was declining, but now it’s coming back and it could be with a vengeance.”

In England in 2017-18 coverage of nine of the 12 routine childhood vaccinations, as measured at ages 12 months, 24 months, or five years, fell from the previous year.1 In 2018 the number of confirmed cases …
Cancer screening: only a third of women in England take up all offers
Authors: Ingrid Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Only a third of women in England take up the three cancer screening services offered to them in their 60s, a study published in J ournal of Medical Screening shows.1

In England, women in their 60s are invited for their last cervical screen before they exit the programme, breast screening every three years, and for bowel screening every two years.

To assess uptake of these programmes, researchers from King’s College London and Queen Mary University of London looked at how 3060 women aged 60-65 had responded to their …
Development of combination therapies to maximize the impact of KRAS-G12C inhibitors in lung cancer
Authors: Miriam Molina-Arcas, Christopher Moore, Sareena Rana, Febe van Maldegem, Edurne Mugarza, Pablo Romero-Clavijo, Eleanor Herbert, Stuart Horswell, Lian-Sheng Li, Matthew R. Janes, David C. Hancock, Julian Downward
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2019)

Combined targeting of KRAS-G12C, mTOR, and IGF1R enhances and extends the response to recently developed KRAS-G12C inhibitors in lung cancer models.
Sex Differences in Circulating Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Emily S. Lau, Samantha M. Paniagua, James Sawalla Guseh, Vijeta Bhambhani, Markella V. Zanni, Paul Courchesne, Asya Lyass, Martin G. Larson, Daniel Levy, Jennifer E. Ho
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Death, Taxes, and Global Warming
Authors: Daniel Bosch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

Ad Libitum17 September 2019Death, Taxes, and Global WarmingDaniel BoschDaniel BoschAtlanta, Georgia (D.B.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M19-0949 Audio Reading - “Death, Taxes, and Global Warming” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “Death, Taxes, and Global Warming” by Daniel Bosch Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail An April fifteenthSnowfall? Proof God knows how toFile an extension. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Atlanta, Georgia (D.B.)Corresponding Author: Daniel Bosch; e-mail, [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Death, Taxes, and Global Warming” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “Death, Taxes, and Global Warming” by Daniel Bosch Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 September 2019Volume 171, Issue 6Page: 438KeywordsTaxes ePublished: 17 September 2019 Issue Published: 17 September 2019 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2019 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Comparative Transcriptomics Analyses across Species, Organs, and Developmental Stages Reveal Functionally Constrained lncRNAs
Authors: Fabrice Darbellay, Anamaria Necsulea
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2019)

The functionality of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is disputed. In general, lncRNAs are under weak selective pressures, suggesting that the majority of lncRNAs may be nonfunctional. However, although some surveys showed negligible phenotypic effects upon lncRNA perturbation, key biological roles were demonstrated for individual lncRNAs. Most lncRNAs with proven functions were implicated in gene expression regulation, in pathways related to cellular pluripotency, differentiation, and organ morphogenesis, suggesting that functional lncRNAs may be more abundant in embryonic development, rather than in adult organs. To test this hypothesis, we perform a multidimensional comparative transcriptomics analysis, across five developmental time points (two embryonic stages, newborn, adult, and aged individuals), four organs (brain, kidney, liver, and testes), and three species (mouse, rat, and chicken). We find that, overwhelmingly, lncRNAs are preferentially expressed in adult and aged testes, consistent with the presence of permissive transcription during spermatogenesis. LncRNAs are often differentially expressed among developmental stages and are less abundant in embryos and newborns compared with adult individuals, in agreement with a requirement for tighter expression control and less tolerance for noisy transcription early in development. For differentially expressed lncRNAs, we find that the patterns of expression variation among developmental stages are generally conserved between mouse and rat. Moreover, lncRNAs expressed above noise levels in somatic organs and during development show higher evolutionary conservation, in particular, at their promoter regions. Thus, we show that functionally constrained lncRNA loci are enriched in developing organs, and we suggest that many of these loci may function in an RNA-independent manner.
Prolonged Survival With Palliative Care—It Is Possible, but Is It Necessary?
Authors: Ryan Nipp, Areej El-Jawahri, Jennifer Temel
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal