tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P535: Receipt of Preventive Health Services Among Current Marijuana Users
Authors: Emily Lum, Sri Lekha Tummalapalli, Meena Khare, Salomeh Keyhani
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: The associations between marijuana use and various health-related behaviors, including receipt of preventive health services, have not been widely examined. Hypothesis: Given the known adverse cognitive effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), we hypothesized that current marijuana users were less likely than non-users to receive recommended preventive health services. Methods: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is an ongoing telephone survey that collects data on health-related risk behaviors, chronic health conditions, and use of preventive services by non-institutionalized U.S. adults ≥18 years of age from the 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Palau. In 2017, there were 10 U.S. states that administered the BRFSS Marijuana Module. We identified survey respondents that were eligible for receipt of each recommended preventive health service. Using chi square statistics, we examined the rates of receipt of recommended preventive services among eligible users compared to non-users in these 10 states. Results: In 2017, among 45,655,241 participants, 10.7% used marijuana in the past 30 days, and 69.3% of those used it daily. The predominant method of marijuana use was smoking (90.4%). Compared to non-users, marijuana users were more likely to be 18-29 years of age (39.7% vs 17.4%, p&lt;0.0001) and male (61.6% vs 46.4%, p&lt;0.0001). Marijuana users were less likely to be Hispanic (18.2% vs 21.5%) or Asian, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander (5.3% vs 9.5%) compared to non-users (p&lt;0.0001). Participants who used marijuana were more likely to be employed (63.8% vs 56%) and to have graduated high school (28.8% vs 24.8%) compared to those who did not use marijuana (p&lt;0.0001). Marijuana users were less likely than non-users to be married (27.9% vs 54%, p&lt;0.0001). Among all participants, fewer marijuana users than non-users received an influenza vaccination within the past year (25.4% vs 41.5%, p&lt;0.0001). Additionally, among age-eligible participants, those who used marijuana were less likely to have received serum cholesterol screenings in the past five years (79.5% vs 83%) and regularly take aspirin as a method of cardiovascular risk reduction (36.6% vs 44.9%) compared to non-users (p&lt;0.0001). Among participants with diabetes, fewer marijuana users received an eye examination (48.8% vs 57.8%) or an influenza vaccination (35.9% vs 56.9%) within the last year compared to non-users (p&lt;0.0001). Conclusion: Marijuana users were less likely to receive an influenza vaccination and preventive services recommended for cardiovascular risk reduction. Users may need more targeted interventions to receive needed care.
Plasma P-tau181 in Alzheimer’s disease: relationship to other biomarkers, differential diagnosis, neuropathology and longitudinal progression to Alzheimer’s dementia
Authors: Shorena Janelidze, Niklas Mattsson, Sebastian Palmqvist, Ruben Smith, Thomas G. Beach, Geidy E. Serrano, Xiyun Chai, Nicholas K. Proctor, Udo Eichenlaub, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Eric M. Reiman, Erik Stomrud, Jeffrey L. Dage, Oskar Hansson
Journal: Nature Medicine (2020)
Abstract P477: Clinical Outcomes In Individuals With And Without Heart Failure Presenting With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Stephen Clarkson, Todd Brown, Nita Limdi, Chrisly Dillon, Mark Beasley
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Objective: To determine the risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients with and without heart failure (HF) and whether this risk varies by race and comorbidity. Methods: We studied adults with and without HF who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for the treatment of ACS in the Pharmacogenomic Resource to improve Medication Effectiveness Genotype Guided Antiplatelet Therapy study. ACS was defined by the presence of ≥2 of the following: ischemic symptoms, acutely elevated cardiac troponin, or ischemic electrocardiographic changes. HF was defined prior to PCI as a known history of HF, left ventricular ejection fraction &lt;50%, or brain natriuretic peptide level &gt;400 pg/mL. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected prior to PCI. Race was self-reported. Participants were followed for up to 1 year for MACE. We constructed Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics, separately in those with and without HF to identify independent predictors of MACE. Results: Since 2014, 1,230 individuals have undergone PCI for ACS. Those with HF (n=419) were older and had more comorbidities than those without HF (n=811). The incidence of MACE per 100 person years was 40.4 in those with HF and 22.2 in those without HF (p&lt;0.001). African American race was associated with increased risk for MACE following ACS in those without but not with a history of HF. Other clinical factors associated with MACE following ACS were older age and end stage renal disease in those with HF and diabetes, end stage renal disease, and peripheral arterial disease in those without HF (Table). Conclusions: Individuals with HF are at increased risk of MACE following ACS irrespective of race. However, in those without HF, African Americans have a higher risk of MACE following ACS relative to their white counterparts. Individuals with end stage renal disease are at high risk of MACE following ACS regardless of HF status.
Type 2 diabetes influences bacterial tissue compartmentalisation in human obesity
Authors: Fernando F. Anhê, Benjamin Anderschou Holbech Jensen, Thibault V. Varin, Florence Servant, Sebastian Van Blerk, Denis Richard, Simon Marceau, Michael Surette, Laurent Biertho, Benjamin Lelouvier, Jonathan D. Schertzer, André Tchernof, André Marette
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2020)
Abstract P133: Circulating Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Middle-aged and Older Men
Authors: Renée M Verdiesen, N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, Carla H van Gils, Yvonne T van der Schouw
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is primarily known for its role in sexual differentiation during embryogenesis, and ovarian follicle development in premenopausal women. Furthermore, recent research suggests that higher AMH levels are associated with a lower occurrence of (subclinical) cardiovascular disease (CVD) in both women and men. However, these studies only included a small variety of subclinical CVD measures. We aimed to investigate whether circulating AMH is associated with a wider range of subclinical CVD measures in middle-aged and older men. Hypothesis: Higher AMH levels are associated with more favorable levels of subclinical CVD measures. Methods: We analyzed data from 371 male participants (aged 40-80 years at recruitment) from a Dutch population-based study. AMH was measured in serum samples obtained at recruitment using the Elecsys ® AMH assay (Roche Diagnostics). At baseline we measured carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT)(μm), pulse wave velocity (PWV)(m/s) and aorta diameter (cm), and calculated Framingham risk score predictions. We investigated associations between AMH (μg/L) levels, both continuously and in tertiles, and these outcomes using linear regression models adjusted for known CVD risk factors, free testosterone, free estradiol and dihydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS). Sensitivity analyses comprised exclusion of prevalent diabetes and CVD cases. Results: Higher AMH levels were associated with a lower cIMT at baseline (β continuousAMH = -6.3, 95%CI: -10.7, -1.9; β T2vsT1 = -30.6, 95%CI: -60.2, -0.9; β T3vsT1 = -39.8, 95%CI: -70.1, -9.6). We observed no statistically significant associations between AMH and the remaining outcomes, but effect estimates indicated that higher AMH levels may be associated with lower PWV (β continuousAMH = -0.02, 95%CI: -0.10, 0.05), and lower Framingham risk score predictions (β continuousAMH = -0.004, 95%CI: -0.008, 0.000). Exclusion of prevalent diabetes and CVD cases did not change our conclusions. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that higher AMH levels are associated with a lower cIMT in middle-aged and older men. Based on our results we cannot exclude a possible relation between circulating AMH levels and other measures of subclinical cardiovascular disease.
Groin pain in athletes
Authors: Rachel Rolph, Catrin Morgan, Gareth Chapman, Simon Marsh
Journal: BMJ (2020)

### What you need to know

A 33 year old man who plays sport regularly complains of pain in the right groin over two months. It is worse on the day after exercise, especially on turning to get out of bed. 

Groin pain accounts for one in 10 patient visits to a sports injury clinic.12 Inguinal or groin disruption (Gilmore’s groin) is a common cause in athletes. It is caused by tears in the conjoint tendon, the oblique muscles, and the inguinal ligament, which result from overuse. Inguinal disruption is also incorrectly referred to as a “sportsman’s hernia,” a misleading term as there is no hernia. Young men are commonly affected (median age 26-28 years),23 although about 5% of cases are seen in women. The condition is sometimes misdiagnosed in primary care, particularly among amateur athletes, when it is not suspected.4

Understanding the anatomy of the groin (fig 1 …
Abstract P420: Alcohol Consumption and Longitudinal Changes in Magnetic Resonance Imaging-defined Brain Abnormalities: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Simona Costanzo, Traci M Bartz, Giovanni de Gaetano, Augusto F Di Castelnuovo, Licia Iacoviello, W T Longstreth, Eric B Rimm, David S Siscovick, Kenneth J Mukamal
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Alcohol intake has been related with a complex group of associations with brain structure in cross-sectional analyses, but to our knowledge, its prospective relationship with structural brain abnormalities detected by MRI has never been reported. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that consumers of 1-&lt;7 drinks/week would have slower progression of leukoaraiosis (white matter abnormalities) but more rapid progression of brain atrophy than longer-term abstainers. Methods: As part of the Cardiovascular Health Study, 1 996 adults aged ≥65 years underwent MRI scanning in 1991-94 and again in 1997-99, having excluded 120 participants with a history of cerebrovascular disease before the initial scan. Alcohol consumption was assessed at each annual visit by self-reported intake of wine, beer and liquor. A 10-point white matter grade (WMG) and ventricular grade (VG) were assessed in a standardized and blinded manner in both scans; hippocampal and total brain volumes were also quantified on the second scan. We estimated the associations of alcohol intake in categories (as reported closest to the date of initial scan), with MRI findings at follow-up with multinomial ordered logistic regression (WMG ≤ 3 ref and ≥ 4; VG ≤ 3 ref , =4 and ≥5) using inverse probability weighting to account for attrition. Results: We observed a U-shaped association with WMG, with significantly lower risk among participants consuming 1-&lt;7 drinks/week (OR 0.38; 95% CI 0.17-0.82, table) than long-term abstainers (P quadtrend = 0.01). For VG, the association was inverse (P trend = 0.06), with significantly less progression among drinkers of 1-&lt;7 drinks/week than long-term abstainers (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.40-0.97). We identified no significant associations of alcohol intake with quantitative mean hippocampal or total brain volumes at the second scan. Conclusions: Compared with long-term abstention, consumption of 1-&lt;7 drinks/week of alcohol was generally associated with less progression of leukoaraiosis and some measures of brain atrophy in older adults.
Abstract P304: Introduction of a Longitudinal Cohort Study to Evaluate the Prevalence and Incidence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Diseases in Haiti and Their Associated Poverty-related Social Determinants
Authors: Jean Joscar Victor, Vanessa Rivera, Lookens Pierre, Fabyola Preval, Inddy Joseph, Jean Baptiste Raynold, Serfine Exantus, Rosie Tilus, Charles Benedict, Caleigh Smith, Olga Tymejczyk, Denis Nash, Daniel Fitzgerald, Jean W Pape, Monika M Safford, Margaret McNairy
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality among Haitian adults, having surpassed HIV in the last decade. The natural history of CVD in Haitians including the age of onset, incidence, and role of major risk factors and social determinants is urgently needed to develop prevention and treatment interventions. Objective: This study fills this gap by establishing the first population-representative longitudinal cohort of adults in metropolitan Port-au-Prince to estimate the prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular risk factors, diseases, and associated poverty-related determinants. Methods: The cohort will include 3,000 adults ≥ 18 years, followed for 2-3.5 years, using multistage random sampling from census blocks. Randomly-generated GPS locations were selected in proportion to the estimated population of each block. Community health workers identify one household systematically at each location, collect household information and measure blood pressure during a single visit. Two adults who live in each household are randomly selected to participate in the longitudinal study. Data is collected at baseline and every six months on risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, kidney disease, poor diet, smoking, physical inactivity, and inflammation) and diseases (myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke and CVD mortality) using AHA definitions. We also measure stress, social isolation, depression, food insecurity and blood lead exposure. Blood, urine, and stool samples are biobanked at enrollment. We report the first 7 months of prevalence data. Results: A total of 585 households (response rate 97%) were surveyed with 566 participants enrolled (51% response rate). The majority of participants are women (73%) with median age 38.5 years with 30% 18-30 years. Over 90% live in extreme poverty (&lt;$2/day) and 26% are unemployed. Prevalence rates of risk factors include 31.5% HTN (15.6% Stage I, 11.11% Stage II, 4.79% history of HTN), 4.4% active smokers, 20.7% obesity (BMI &gt; 30 kg/m 2 ), and 5.1% diabetes. Heart failure was the most common CVD (9.8%), followed by angina/MI (5.6%), and stroke (3.3%). Impact: This study will provide invaluable insights into the epidemiology of CVD in Haiti. The study also builds a platform for comparison research with existing US CVD cohorts. Our goal is to translate findings from this study into pragmatic prevention and treatment interventions to fight the CVD epidemic in Haiti and in Haitian immigrants in the US.
Abstract 48: Plant-based Diet Index and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers: Exploring the Role of the Gut Microbiome
Authors: Yanping Li, Ambika Satija, Dong Wang, Kerry L Ivey, Jun Li, Ruifeng Li, Megu Baden, Jeremy Wilkinson, Andrew Chan, Curtis Huttenhower, Eric B Rimm, F Hu, Qi Sun
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Objectives: To investigate the association between a plant-based diet index and microbial composition and functionality, as well as the inter-relationships between plant-based diets, gut microbiome, and cardiometabolic risk markers. Design and method: Metagenomic profiling was performed on 916 fecal samples collected among 301 men who participated in the Men’s Lifestyle Validation Study. Using data from a food frequency questionnaire, a Plant-based Diet Index (PDI) was derived to assess the adherence to a plant-based diets. The associations between PDI adherence and the relative abundance of microbial species and pathways were evaluated using Multivariate Association with Linear Models (MaAsLin2). P values below 0.25 after false discovery rate correction following the Benjamini-Hochberg method were considered statistically significant. Results: After multivariate adjustment, the value of the PDI score was significantly and positively associated with the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (Spearman r=0.10, P=0.005). Specifically, the PDI was significantly associated with the relative abundance of 77 taxa (including 39 species) out of 506 filtered taxa and 15 pathways (out of 80 filtered features). In particular, a higher adherence to the PDI was significantly, positively, associated with of the relative abundance of Firmicutes and of pathways involving degradation of complex plant carbohydrates. It was also inversely associated with the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, as well as pathways involved in the urea cycle and amino acid biosynthesis. We also found that 14 species significantly interacted with PDI in modulating plasma ratio of TG to HDL-C. The association of PDI with lower TG to HDL ratio was significantly strengthened in the presence of the species positively correlated with the PDI score, such as Ruminococcus lactaris , Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and Methanobrevibacter smithii or in the absence of the species inversely correlated with the PDI score, such as Paraprevotella spp. Conclusions: A greater adherence to a plant-based diet was associated with a microbial profile featured by higher abundance of species in Firmicutes and depletion of species in Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, and such a profile may further strengthen the favorable associations between plant-based diets and human cardiometabolic risk.
The novel lncRNA BlackMamba controls the neoplastic phenotype of ALK− anaplastic large cell lymphoma by regulating the DNA helicase HELLS
Authors: Valentina Fragliasso, Akanksha Verma, Gloria Manzotti, Annalisa Tameni, Rohan Bareja, Tayla B. Heavican, Javeed Iqbal, Rui Wang, Danilo Fiore, Valentina Mularoni, Wing C. Chan, Priscillia Lhoumaud, Jane Skok, Eleonora Zanetti, Francesco Merli, Alessia Ciarrocchi, Oliver Elemento, Giorgio Inghirami
Journal: Leukemia (2020)
Abstract P280: Revisiting CVD Risk Prediction Using Machine Learning Approaches: A Case Study
Authors: Hesam Dashti, Yanyan Liu, Robert J Glynn, Paul M Ridker, Samia Mora, Olga Demler
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Applications of machine learning (ML) methods have been demonstrated by the recent FDA approval of new ML-based biomedical image processing methods. In this study, we examine applications of ML, specifically artificial neural networks (ANN), for predicting risk of cardiovascular (CV) events. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that using the same CV risk factors, ML-based CV prediction models can improve the performance of current predictive models. Methods: Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: An Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin (JUPITER; NCT00239681) is a multi-ethnic trial that randomized non-diabetic participants with LDL-C&lt;130 mg/dL and hsCRP≥2 mg/L to rosuvastatin versus placebo. We restricted the analysis to white and black participants allocated to the placebo arm, and estimated the race- and sex-specific Pooled Cohorts Equations (PCE) 5-year risk score using race, sex, age, HDL-C, total cholesterol, systolic BP, antihypertensive medications, and smoking. A total of 218 incident CV cases occurred (maximum follow-up 5 years). For every participant in the case group, we randomly selected 4 controls from the placebo arm after stratifying for the baseline risk factors (Table 1). The risk factors from a total of n=1,090 participants were used to train and test the ANN model. We used 80% of the participants (n=872) for designing the network and left out 20% of the data (n=218) for testing the predictive model. We used the TensorFlow software to design, train, and evaluate the ANN model. Results: We compared the performances of the ANN and the PCE score on the 218 test subjects (Figure 1). The high AUC of the neural network (0.85; 95% CI 0.78-0.91) on this dataset suggests advantages of machine learning methods compared to the current methods. Conclusions: This result demonstrates the potential of machine learning methods for enhancing and improving the current techniques used in cardiovascular risk prediction and should be evaluated in other cohorts.
Abstract 10: Serum Metabolomic Signatures of Multiple Healthful Dietary Patterns and Incident Cardiometabolic Diseases in US Hispanics/Latinos
Authors: Guochong Chen, Jin Choul Chai, Zhilei Shan, Bing Yu, Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani, Daniela Sotres-Alvarez, Josiemer Mattei, Martha L DAVIGLUS, Robert Burk, Eric Boerwinkle, Robert Kaplan, F Hu, Qibin Qi
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Healthful dietary patterns are associated with lower cardiometabolic risk, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Hypothesis: Healthful dietary patterns share widespread metabolomic signatures that are associated with altered risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Methods: We analyzed data from 2976 adult participants free of diabetes and CVD in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Scores of three USDA recommended dietary patterns, Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, alternative Mediterranean diet (aMED), and healthful plant-based dietary index (hPDI) were calculated by averaging two 24-hour dietary recalls. Fasting serum metabolomics was performed using an untargeted approach. Dietary pattern associated metabolite modules were clustered using a weighted correlation network analysis, and their associations with 6-year incidence of diabetes and hypertension were further examined. Results: Of 624 known metabolites identified, some were uniquely associated with a single dietary score, while 51 metabolites were significantly associated with all dietary scores ( Figure A ). Eight metabolite modules were clustered based on 184 dietary pattern-related metabolites. Each dietary score was associated with one unique metabolite module, and two modules composed of antioxidants or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were associated with all dietary scores ( Figure B ). After multivariable adjustment for demographics, socioeconomics, lifestyles, and BMI, the antioxidant module was significantly associated with lower risk of diabetes (per SD, relative risk (RR) = 0.80 [95% CI 0.69-0.96]) and risk of hypertension (per SD, RR= 0.85 [0.73-0.99]), whereas the PUFA module was not associated with either outcome. Conclusions: Metabolomic signatures positively relating to three common healthful dietary patterns are found to be associated with lower incident cardiometabolic diseases, providing some mechanistic insights into the cardioprotection of high-quality diets.
Recent advances with 5‐HT<sub>3</sub> modulators for neuropsychiatric and gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Radomir Juza, Premysl Vlcek, Eva Mezeiova, Kamil Musilek, Ondrej Soukup, Jan Korabecny
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2020)

Abstract Serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptophan [5‐HT]) is a biologically active amine expressed in platelets, in gastrointestinal (GI) cells and, to a lesser extent, in the central nervous system (CNS). This biogenic compound acts through the activation of seven 5‐HT receptors (5‐HT 1‐7 Rs). The 5‐HT 3 R is a ligand‐gated ion channel belonging to the Cys‐loop receptor family. There is a wide variety of 5‐HT 3 R modulators, but only receptor antagonists (known as setrons) have been used clinically for chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting and irritable bowel syndrome treatment. However, since the discovery of the setrons in the mid‐1980s, a large number of studies have been published exploring new potential applications due their potency in the CNS and mild side effects. The results of these studies have revealed new potential applications, including the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, and drug abuse. In this review, we provide information related to therapeutic potential of 5‐HT 3 R antagonists on GI and neuropsychiatric disorders. The major attention is paid to the structure, function, and pharmacology of novel 5‐HT 3 R modulators developed over the past 10 years.