tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 18509: Defining Renal Uptake of Circulating Lipids
Authors: Diego Scerbo, Ni Huiping-Son, Katalin Susztak, Ira Goldberg
Journal: Circulation (2015)

A prominent histological feature of chronic kidney disease, including that due to diabetes, is the accumulation of neutral lipids in the nephron. However, existing research on kidney lipid metabolism is limited. Therefore we characterized lipid accumulation in mouse models. We hypothesized that the major source of lipids in the kidney is circulating triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins brought into the cells of the kidney via the coordinated action of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36). To test this hypothesis, we fasted mice overnight and inhibited LPL and CD36. We did not observe a change in TG accumulation in the kidney when LPL action was blocked using with poloxmer 407. We then used a microsomal TG transfer protein inhibitor, which inhibits TG-rich lipoprotein assembly, to lower circulating TG-rich lipoproteins. Intracellular kidney TG did not decrease but in fact increased up to 40% in the fasted state after the inhibitor was given, mirroring what was seen in the liver. There was no difference in TG accumulation in the kidneys of fasted Cd36 -/- mice. Furthermore, we did not observe a change in uptake of radiolabeled oleic acid in the kidneys of these mice. Genes which regulate fatty acid oxidation or de novo lipogenesis were also unchanged in Cd36 -/- compared to Cd36 +/+ . Surprisingly, apoC-III deficiency increased renal uptake of a TG-emulsion, as had been found in the liver. Finally, we measured TG in kidneys from streptozotocin-treated and Akita diabetic mice without renal failure. Neither of these models accumulated higher amounts of TG compared to non-diabetic controls; however, Akita mice down regulated fatty acid oxidation genes and had twice the intracellular free fatty acids. These findings provide novel insight into the lipid biochemistry of the kidney, showing it differs from other high energy requiring peripheral organs such as heart.
Interpretation of chest radiographs
Authors: David Holt
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Cheap, readily available, and loaded with information: chest x ray scans are excellent diagnostic tools-as long as you know how to interpret them. The evidence, unfortunately, points to the contrary. A study of senior students at a US medical school, in which five chest x ray films were presented (pneumothorax, pneumonia, pleural effusion, wide mediastinum, and pneumoperitoneum) showed that the students made the correct diagnosis only 60% of the time.



Dennis Potokar/SPL



A solid introduction is given by Harvard at http://brighamrad.harvard.edu/education/online/clerk_2/read.html. This learning module includes the steps involved …
Abstract 394: Transient Bone Morphogenic Protein Antagonism Directs Differentiation of iPSCs into the Cardiac Neural Crest and cKit+ Myocardial Progenitor Lineages
Authors: Konstantinos E Hatzistergos, Lauro M Takeuchi, Dieter Saur, Barbara Seidler, Susan M Dymecki, Jia Jia Mai, Rosemeire Kanashiro-Takeuchi, Wayne Balkan, Joshua M Hare
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

Introduction: The capability of cKit+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) to participate in cardiomyocyte regeneration remains controversial, despite basic and clinical studies supporting such a role. Hypothesis: A non-permissive cardiac milieu minimizes the generation of cardiomyocytes from CPCs. Methods: We lineage-traced CPCs using novel dual-recombinase responsive indicator mice (cKitCreERT2;Wnt1::Flpe;RC::Fela) and iPSCs derived from cKitCreERT2;IRG (iPSCKit) mice. Results: Intersectional genetic fate-mapping of cKitCreERT2;Wnt1:: Flpe;RC::Fela embryos supported that cKit marks Wnt1-expressing cardiac neural crest (CNC) progenitors, emerging at ~E9.5 and contributing a limited number of cardiomyocytes. To decipher the mechanisms underlying cardiomyocyte differentiation of CPCs, we lineage-traced CPCs during stage-specific cardiogenic differentiation of iPSCKit. Ascorbate treatment promoted differentiation of cKit+ iPSC-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) into Nkx2.5+ myocardium, 45.5%±6.7% of which co-expressed the Cre-reporter EGFP (n=154 EBs; 12 preparations), suggesting that CPCs encompass fully competent cardiomyogenic progenitors. Noggin (or Dorsomorphin), a BMP antagonist transiently expressed in the heart at E7.5-E8.5 but not during CNC invasion, directed the differentiation of iPSCkit-EBs into Mesp1+/Isl1+/Nkx2.5+ cardiac mesoderm progenitors (p≤0.0001). Remarkably, the same signaling pathway subsequently directed EBs into the cKit+/Wnt1+/Pax3+/Mitf-H+/Isl1+/Nkx2.5+ CNC lineage (p≤0.0001), while suppressing the generation of WT1+/Tbx18+ epicardium (p&lt;0.05). Stage-specific induction of Cre-recombination delineated that iPSCkit-derived CPCs encompass Mesp1–/cKit+/Nkx2.5+ CNC progenitors which contributed EGFP+ CNC derivatives, including Nkx2-5+ cardiomyocytes, to 60.7%±7.3% of spontaneously beating EBs (n=147 EBs; 12 preparations). Conclusions: Collectively, our data show that CPCkit are fully competent CNC-derived cardiomyogenic progenitors, whose differentiation to cardiomyocytes is minimized by a latent Noggin-mediated signaling pathway. Therefore exploiting CPCkit therapeutically, provides an important strategy for maximizing myocardial regeneration.
Medics to teach in primary schools
Authors: Wendy S Brown
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Medical students will teach primary school children about basic health care as part of their course. Queen's University, Belfast, launched the student selected component “Medics in Primary Schools” last week.

The component, which aims to give students experience in communicating information to schoolchildren from a variety of social backgrounds, is initially to be undertaken in 35 primary schools across Greater Belfast.

The programme includes teaching about skin and its protection, healthy diet, temperature regulation and control of heat loss through insulation, structure and function of the heart and lungs, and the role of exercise in maintaining physical health. Simple experiments and investigations are planned for the class as part of the programme.

Student selected components are …
More US students are studying combined medicine and business
Authors: Ahmed Magdy
Journal: BMJ (2004)

An increasing number of US medical schools are offering combined medicine and business administration degree programmes, a recent study has found (Medical Education Online 2004;9:14). Medical and business schools have developed the programmes through cooperative agreements: medical students can get business and clinical training concurrently. Now 41 medical schools offer these programmes compared with just eight in 1998. Windsor Sherrill surveyed and interviewed 87 dual degree students and 80 medical students studying for a straight medicine to assess the students' motivation, career interests, and …
Nutrient Sensing by the Intestinal Epithelium Orchestrates Mucosal Antimicrobial Defense via Translational Control of Hes1
Authors: Shaonan Liang, Xue-Kun Guo, Jiayao Ou, Rongyao Huang, Qing Xue, Bin Zhang, Yeonseok Chung, Wei Wu, Chen Dong, Xuerui Yang, Xiaoyu Hu
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2019)
ROS-responsive nanoparticles based on amphiphilic hyperbranched polyphosphoester for drug delivery: Light-triggered size-reducing and enhanced tumor penetration
Authors: Hua Jin, Ting Zhu, Xiange Huang, Mo Sun, Hegen Li, Xinyuan Zhu, Mingliang Liu, Yibin Xie, Wei Huang, Deyue Yan
Journal: Biomaterials (2019)
More medical students for England
Authors: Jenny Blythe
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Medical student numbers are to increase by up to 40%, according to the recently published NHS Plan for England.

A further 1000 places are being created at medical schools in England in addition to the 1100 extra places already announced. This will bring the annual intake to medical schools to nearly 7500.

The British Medical Association supports the move. Nick Jenkins, chairman of the BMA medical students committee, said, “We welcome the increase in medical students; it …
More than 1% of deaths in Canada last year were medically assisted
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2019)

At least 6749 people in Canada have chosen to end their own lives with medical assistance since the practice was legalised nationally in June 2016.

In the first 10 months of last year, according to new government figures, 2614 people died with medical assistance, which the health ministry estimates represented 1.12% of Canadian deaths during that period.1

But those figures underestimate the true proportion, the government’s latest interim report noted. The large province of Quebec, which has its own assisted dying law, did not contribute data to the latest national figure as it is working on …
Abstract 3602: Relation of Plasma Phytosterol Levels and Common Genetic Polymorphisms for NPC1L1 and ABCG5/G8 to Incident Coronary Heart Disease in Middle-Aged Men and Women in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: Christie M Ballantyne, Ron C Hoogeveen, Alanna C Morrison, Heejung Bang, Aaron R Folsom, Josef Coresh, Jason S Simon, Eric Boerwinkle
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Phytosterols (plant sterols) have been associated with premature atherosclerosis in individuals with the rare genetic disorder sitosterolemia, and clinical studies have shown conflicting results as to whether more modest elevations in phytosterol concentrations (or their ratios to cholesterol) are associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). To examine whether plasma phytosterol concentrations or polymorphisms in genes that regulate phytosterol levels are associated with development of incident CHD events independent of established major CHD risk factors, we measured plasma sitosterol and campesterol concentrations and genotyped 6 SNPs for NPC1L1 and 1 SNP for ABCG5/G8 in men and women in without clinical CHD at baseline in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort, a biracial cohort of 15,792 adults from 4 U.S. communities. Plasma phytosterols: Baseline concentrations of plasma sitosterol and campesterol were not significantly different between 662 incident CHD cases and 747 noncases in a co...
Picture Quiz: Limited cutaneous scleroderma (CREST syndrome)
Authors: Tim Jones, Neil Hopkinson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A 65 year old woman developed a lump on the tip of her right ring finger that became painful, ulcerated, and discharged a white material (figure).



1.  What is the abnormality on the hand x rays?

2.  What are the two most likely causes of the white material discharging from the finger?

3.  What is the underlying diagnosis?

4.  What other manifestations of this conditions might affect this patient's hands?

1.  The x rays show calcinosis.

2.  The white discharge is most likely to be calcific deposits. It may also be pus if the finger has become infected.

3.  Limited cutaneous scleroderma (or CREST syndrome).

4.  Raynaud's phenomenon; ischaemia and gangrene of the fingers; skin oedema, thickening, tightening, and ulceration; joint contractures; nail fold capillary dilation and dropout; and …
Community-Designed Messaging Interventions to Improve Cost-of-Care Conversations in Settings Serving Low-Income, Latino Populations
Authors: Kari Mader, Joseph M. Sammen, Christopher Klene, Jessica Nguyen, Matthew Simpson, Sandra L. Ruland, John M. Westfall
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

Background: Little is known about how to promote cost-of-care conversations in health care settings. Objective: To develop and evaluate community-designed messages promoting cost-of-care conversations. Design: Focus groups and point-of-care surveys. Setting: Three pediatric clinics, a family community health clinic, and a community health worker (promotora) program serving predominately low-income, Latino populations in Adams County, Colorado. Participants: Focus groups included staff (n = 22) and patients or community members (n = 15). At baseline, 107 patients and 9 providers completed surveys, and 111 patients and 11 providers did so postintervention. Intervention: Setting-specific, community-designed messages about cost-of-care conversations delivered to patients on fliers. Measurements: Qualitative themes about the frequency and nature of cost-of-care conversations, and frequencies of patient- and provider-reported cost-of-care conversations before and after the intervention. Results: Five themes emerged from the focus groups, and the groups reported more discussion of costs after distribution of the messaging interventions than before in the clinical but not the community setting. Lack of transparent pricing tools was a barrier, and consideration of incidental costs was important. In cross-sectional, point-of-care surveys, fewer patients reported talking about costs with providers at baseline (44.4%) than after the messaging intervention (73.7%). Providers reported similar frequency of talking about costs with patients before (41.0%) and after (44.9%) the intervention. Nearly one third of patient and provider reports were discordant regarding whether costs were discussed. Limitations: The response rate was low, cost-of-care conversations were self-reported, generalizability of the findings to other settings is uncertain, and the sample was small. The survey proved infeasible in the promotora setting. Conclusion: Participants reported some favorable perceptions of cost-of-care conversations after implementation of community-designed messages, suggesting promise for this approach to promoting conversations about costs of care in settings serving low-income, uninsured Latino populations. Primary Funding Source: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
Shaping the Path for a Global Oncology Academic Career
Authors: Onyinye D. Balogun, Augustine M. K. Choi, Silvia C. Formenti
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Association of Oral Human Papillomavirus DNA Persistence With Cancer Progression After Primary Treatment for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Carole Fakhry, Amanda L. Blackford, Geoff Neuner, Weihong Xiao, Bo Jiang, Amit Agrawal, Maura L. Gillison
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2019)

Detection of persistent oral human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA may be associated with recurrence of HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).To evaluate the dynamics of oral HPV DNA detection and associations with disease outcomes in patients with HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC.This prospective, 2-institution, tertiary referral center study of 396 patients with newly diagnosed oral cavity or oropharyngeal HNSCC was performed from July 11, 2011, to May 7, 2016. Oral rinse samples were prospectively collected at diagnosis and at completion of primary therapy. Weekly oral rinse samples were collected during radiotherapy. Purified tumor and oral rinse sample DNA were evaluated for 37 HPV types, and viral load was quantified by type-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cancers were stratified by tumor HPV status, and HPV was classified as tumor type if identical to that detected in the tumor or nontumor type.Prevalence of HPV DNA before, during, and after therapy. Associations between tumor-type and nontumor-type oral HPV DNA detection and recurrence-free and overall survival were evaluated.Of the 396 patients (median age, 59 years [range, 19-96 years]; 295 [74.5%] men; and 354 [89.4%] white race/ethnicity), 217 had oropharyngeal cancer; 170, oral cavity cancer; and 9, unknown primary HNSCC. The prevalence of oral HPV detection at diagnosis was higher among patients with HPV-positive compared with HPV-negative HNSCC (24 of 194 [84.2%] vs 170 of 202 [12.4%]; P < .001). Oral HPV-16 DNA had an 81% sensitivity and 100% specificity for HPV-16-positive HNSCC. The prevalence and load of tumor-type HPV decreased significantly during primary therapy with odds ratio for probability of infection with each increasing month after diagnosis (0.41; 95% CI, 0.33-0.52; P < .001), whereas those of nontumor types did not (1.01; 95% CI, 0.97-1.06; P = .62). Current smoking was significantly associated with a reduced clearance of tumor-type HPV DNA (hazard ratio [HR], 0.54; 95% CI, 0.32-0.93). Two-year overall survival was significantly lower among the HPV-positive patients with persistent detection of tumor-type HPV after therapy than among those without detectable tumor-type DNA after therapy (68% vs 95%; adjusted HR, 6.61; 95% CI, 1.86-23.44; P = .003), as was recurrence-free survival (55% vs 88%; adjusted HR, 3.72; 95% CI, 1.71-8.09; P < .001). No associations were observed for nontumor type HPV DNA among patients with HPV-positive or HPV-negative HNSCC.Prevalence and viral load of tumor-type HPV DNA decreased rapidly with therapy, and persistent detection was associated with increased risk of recurrence and death. Analysis of tumor type HPV DNA has considerable promise as a biomarker for treatment response and risk of progression.
The nightmare in Rwanda
Authors: Ingrid Gasarasi
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Rwanda was a peaceful country in the heart of Africa. It had a good climate and was known as “the ever green country.” Neighbours were friendly and interethnic marriages were on the increase. Three ethnic groups occupy the densely populated country. The Hutus greatly outnumber the Tutsis and the Twa. It was the Hutus and the Tutsis who were involved in the war that started in late 1990.

When the war started in the north east of Rwanda no one believed what was happening, and other parts of the country were not affected very much. Everybody hoped for peace, but by 1994 the war got worse and the whole country was affected.

The war destroyed many infrastructures and the main university, which includes the medical school in Butare in the south, was badly affected. It was closed for the academic year in 1990-1. Fortunately, it reopened the following year when the competition to register was very high. The university decided on two intakes, …
And the winner of the Ig Nobel prize for medicine
Authors: Livia Puljak
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<b>Peter Barss</b> worked as clinical physician, surgeon, hospital director, and teacher in rural Papua New Guinea and Angola for 10 years. Falling coconuts were a common cause of severe and sometimes fatal injuries. He won the 2001 Ig Nobel prize in medicine for a 1984 paper on the phenopmenon. He now works as an associate professor in the United Arab Emirates. <b>Livia Puljak</b> caught up with him
Anti-reflux mucosectomy with band ligation in the treatment of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Laurent Monino, Jean-Michel Gonzalez, Veronique Vitton, Marc Barthet
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

For patients with refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (rGERD), the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy recommends surgical treatment such as fundoplication to reduce the diameter of the cardia [1]. Several endoscopic treatments are described using new devices, but they suffer from a lack of feasibility and high costs [2]. Anti-reflux mucosectomy (ARMS) could also narrow the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) as a result of tissue shrinkage induced during cicatrization [3] [4]. We applied this technique using band ligation (ARMS-b) in the management of rGERD.
Pharmacokinetics, optimal dosing, and safety of linezolid in children with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: Combined data from two prospective observational studies
Authors: Anthony J. Garcia-Prats, H. Simon Schaaf, Heather R. Draper, Maria Garcia-Cremades, Jana Winckler, Lubbe Wiesner, Anneke C. Hesseling, Rada M. Savic
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2019)

Linezolid is increasingly important for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment. However, among children with MDR-TB, there are no linezolid pharmacokinetic data, and its adverse effects have not yet been prospectively described. We characterised the pharmacokinetics, safety, and optimal dose of linezolid in children treated for MDR-TB.
Picture quiz: A teenage problem
Authors: James S Dawson, C J L Hetherington
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A left handed 17 year old presented to the emergency department after falling on to the dorsal aspect of both hands. He was complaining of pain and loss of function in both hands. He was not taking any drugs and had no relevant past medical or family history.

On examination he had swelling over the dorsal aspects of both wrists and a limited range of movement within wrists and fingers due to pain (fig 1). He was tender over the ulna and radial styloid processes on palpation but had normal sensation and capillary refill in all digits.



Fig 1 
Radiograph of the right distal radius and ulna with carpal bones (above left) and close up of the right wrist joint (above right). Radiograph of the left distal radius and ulna with carpal bones (below left) and close up of the left wrist joint (below …
Tuition fees in England and Wales:a big whinge?
Authors: Kinesh Patel
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Aren't tuition fees terrible? If you were left wing, you could say that they are a tax on learning. Just as airport tax is a tax on holidays, and sales tax is a tax on that frilly new top you bought last week. Come to think of it, no tax is that popular or generally supported.

Why do we take it for granted that higher education should be free? Just like that holiday or frilly top, the purchaser derives some benefit from the transaction and agrees to pay the tax. But in the case of a degree, the benefit is not as superficial as a nice tan, or looking seductive in the pub, but a lifetime opportunity to earn high wages in a satisfying and interesting job.

But, the voices of student organisations cry, learning should be free for all with generous grants and inspirational teaching. Yet …
England to have two more medical schools
Authors: James S Dawson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Collaboration between existing universities will be the foundation for two new medical schools whose doors will open by 2006. Joint proposals by the Universities of Brighton and Sussex (128 places) and by the Universities of Hull and York (130 places) have been accepted by the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE), as have the allocation of a further 775 places to existing medical schools in England. These changes will bring the annual intake to medical schools in England to nearly 6000, and the number of medical schools to 21 by …