tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Platinum-based chemotherapy (chemo) with CS1001, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, for first-line advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Preliminary results from phase Ib cohorts of CS1001-101 study.
Authors: Qing Zhou, Qingyuan Zhang, Nong Xu, Yanqiu Zhao, Zhanhui Miao, Lin Shen, Quanli Gao, Zhidong Pei, Teddy Xia, Jingru Wang, Hangjun Dai, Rong Guo, Jianxin Yang, Yi-Long Wu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e21687 Background: Immuno-oncology (IO) monotherapy or combination with platinum-based chemo is the current standard of care for pts with PD-L1 expression ≥ 50% and EGFR, ALK, ROS1, BRAF negative advanced NSCLC in China. CS1001-101 phase Ib study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CS1001, anti-PD-L1 mAb, in pts with solid tumors or lymphomas. Here we present the results of 2 cohorts: CS1001 plus platinum-based chemo for 1L advanced NSCLC. Methods: Pts with non-squamous (nsq)-NSCLC received 4-6 cycles of CS1001 (1200 mg, IV, Q3W), carboplatin (AUC = 5), and pemetrexed (500 mg/m 2 ), followed by maintenance therapy with CS1001 and pemetrexed. Pts with squamous (sq)-NSCLC received CS1001 (1200 mg, IV, Q3W), carboplatin (AUC = 5), and paclitaxel (175 mg/m 2 ), followed by maintenance therapy with CS1001. Results: By July 1 st , 2019, 21 nsq-NSCLC and 20 sq-NSCLC pts were treated, with a median treatment duration of 135 and 109 days, respectively. 15 nsq-NSCLC pts remained on the study and 6 discontinued CS1001, 5 due to progressive disease (PD). 17 sq-NSCLC pts remained on the study and 3 discontinued CS1001, 2 due to adverse events (AEs). 10 had partial response (PR) in each cohort, leading to a response rate of 47.6% (nsq) and 58.8% (sq). The median duration of response (mDoR) and median progression-free survival (mPFS) were not reached (Table). In nsq-NSCLC cohort, 18 (85.7%) had CS1001-related AEs and 6 (28.6%) had G≥3 TRAEs. irAEs occurred in 5 pts with the most frequent ones being aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increased (4, ≤G2) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased (3, ≤G2). 18 (90.0%) sq-NSCLC pts had CS1001-related AEs and 5 (25%) had G≥3 TRAEs. irAEs occurred in 3 pts with the most frequent ones being rash (2, ≤G2). AEs that led to CS1001 withdrawn only occurred in 2 sq-NSCLC pts, which were not related to CS1001. Conclusions: The combination of CS1001 and platinum-based chemo regimen demonstrated promising anti-tumor activity with a tolerable safety profile. The results of this study support further evaluation of CS1001 and platinum-based chemo in 1L NSCLC. Currently, a randomized phase III study (NCT03789604) of this treatment regimen in pts with chemo-naive advanced NSCLC is recruiting pts in China. Clinical trial information: NCT03312842. [Table: see text]
Association Between the Use of Cannabis and Physical Violence in Youths: A Meta-Analytical Investigation
Authors: Laura Dellazizzo, Stéphane Potvin, Bo Yi Dou, Mélissa Beaudoin, Mimosa Luigi, Charles-Édouard Giguère, Alexandre Dumais
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2020)

Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the extent to which cannabis use among youths is associated with the risk of perpetrating physical violence. Methods: Searches were conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for articles published from the inception of each database to July 2019. All studies that examined both cannabis use and the perpetration of physical violence in a sample of youths and young adults <30 years old were included. The meta-analysis was performed with a random-effects model. Risk of publication bias was assessed with Egger's test. Guidelines from the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology were followed. Results: After screening 11,348 potential studies, 30 study arms were included, yielding a total of 296,815 adolescents and young adults. The odds ratio for the pooled studies was 2.11 (95% CI=1.64, 2.72). The pooled odds ratios were 2.15 (95% CI=1.58, 2.94) and 2.02 (95% CI=1.26, 3.23) for the cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, respectively. Preliminary evidence suggests that the risk of violence was higher for persistent heavy users (odds ratio=2.81, 95% CI=1.68, 4.74) compared with past-year users (odds ratio=2.05, 95% CI=1.5, 2.8) and lifetime users (odds ratio=1.94, 95% CI=1.29, 2.93). The odds ratio for unadjusted studies was 2.62 (95% CI=1.89, 3.62), and for studies using odds ratios adjusted for potential confounding factors, 2.01 (95% CI=1.57, 2.56). Conclusions: These results demonstrate a moderate association between cannabis use and physical violence, which remained significant regardless of study design and adjustment for confounding factors (i.e., socioeconomic factors, other substance use). Cannabis use in this population is a risk factor for violence.
全科医师在重大自然灾害医疗卫生服务中的优势与作用
Authors: 梁万年, 杨珺
Journal: BMJ (2008)

[编者按] 在汶川非常大地震后的非常救治中,我国医生队伍以其高度的责任心和专业精神进行着一场艰苦卓绝而负有成效的战斗.面对复杂的医疗问题,多个学科及时而有效的协作,从死亡线上挽回了一条又一条生命。
Current status in epidemiological studies on sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome
Authors: 黄绍光, 李庆云
Journal: BMJ (2005)

睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,SAHS)是一种睡眠期疾病,患者在睡眠中出现打鼾、呼吸暂停或呼吸变浅,引起低氧血症/高碳酸血症,日间出现嗜睡、记忆减退等.近年来,随着对人群患病率的流行病学调查不断进行,该病发病率之高、并发症之严重越来越引起人们的关注.已有的流行病学研究资料有助于进一步探讨病因和发病机制,提高人们对该病的认识水平,满足健康教育的需求,合理分配医疗资源并进行有效防治。
Molecular profiling of lung adenocarcinoma using pleural effusion specimens.
Authors: Wei Zhang, Bei Zhang, Yifan Zhou, Xiaochen Zhao, Yuezong Bai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e21709 Background: Molecular profiling of lung adenocarcinoma is essential for therapeutic decision-making and prognosis predicting. Pleural effusion may provide an opportunity for molecular profiling and thereby possibly provide information enabling targeted therapy. In this study, we performed next generation sequencing (NGS) in pleural effusion samples in order to study molecular profiling of lung adenocarcinoma using pleural effusion specimens. Methods: 45 Chinese lung adenocarcinoma patients with pleural effusion specimens were included. The pleural effusion samples were centrifugated, then cell pellets were collected and prepared into cell blocks. Genetic mutations were assessed using a validated targeted next generation sequencing assay. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of PD-L1 was performed with 22C3 kit. Results: In 45 pleural effusion samples collected, 43 (95.5%) patients had at least one mutation classed as pathogenic or likely pathogenic. There were 245 somatic mutation and 160 germline mutations were detected, with an average of 8.0 mutations per patient. Of the 45 specimens with somatic mutations, seventeen (37.8%) of harbored EGFR mutations. The most frequent mutations were the deletion mutation in exon19 (15/17, 40.9%), the point mutation (L858R) in exon 21 (13/17, 76.5%), and resistance mutation (T790M) in exon 20(4/17,23.5%). Aside from the EGFR mutation, 1 case exhibited KRAS mutation (G12C), 1 case harbored ERBB2 mutation(Y772_A775dup),1 case harbored TP53 mutation, and 2 cases exhibited fusion (EML4-ALK, KIF5B-RET). 2 cases exhibited CD274 copy number gain, 2 cases exhibited CDK4 copy number gains, and one case carried CDK6 copy number gain, one case carried CKD6 copy number loss. The top frequent germline mutation genes were APC (5/45), ALK (4/45), ARID1A (4/45) and BARD1 (4/45). Regarding biomarkers for immunotherapy, three sample showed TMB-H (6.7%), and one sample showed MSI-H (2.2%). Of 29 samples underwent PDL1 IHC test, 21 samples (72.4%) show positive PDL1 expression, in concordance with previous reported rates. Conclusions: These results suggest that pleural effusions are important specimens for oncogene mutation analysis and enable targeted therapy for patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
社区急诊案例分析
Authors: 王宇
Journal: BMJ (2009)

随着我国医药卫生改革的深入进行,社区医疗卫生服务也得到了快速发展,全科医疗的内涵与全科医生的工作任务也逐渐被大家所认识.然而,笔者认为在当前医疗形势下,在社区全科医生诸多的工作内容中,医疗工作仍然是工作重点.除慢性病管理与保健康复外,能够对常见或不常见的急症做出初步判断并给予及时、准确、稳妥地初步救治,然后转至专科医院,是全科医生一项十分重要的工作,同时也是保证患者医疗安全,提升全科医生社会信任度的关键所在。
针刺阿是穴治疗神经性头痛42例
Authors: 王庆元
Journal: BMJ (2008)

神经性头痛是一种常见病和多发病,目前有不少治疗头痛的药物,它们都有一定程度的止痛作用,却不能从根本上治疗,有的甚至有很严重的依赖性、成瘾性.笔者在1997年至2004年运用针刺疗法治疗神经性头痛42例,取得满意疗效,现报告如下。
A phase II/III randomized, blinded study of tozuleristide for fluorescence imaging detection during neurosurgical resection of pediatric primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors: PNOC012 (Pacific Pediatric Neuro-oncology Consortium).
Authors: Sarah Leary, Jason E. Blatt, Alan R. Cohen, Kenneth J. Cohen, Bonnie Cole, Lance Governale, Nalin Gupta, Jason S. Hauptman, Eric M. Jackson, Meysam A. Kebriaei, Cassie Kline, Andrew Kobets, Amy Lee, Dennis Michael Miller, Sabine Mueller, Jeff Ojemann, Michael Prados, Maryam Rahman, Jason N. Wright, Anne Elizabeth Bendel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

TPS2575 Background: Tozuleristide (also known as BLZ-100 or Tumor Paint) is a fluorescent imaging drug designed to specifically label and accumulate in tumor tissue, thus enabling more precise surgical tumor resection intraoperatively. Tozuleristide achieves tumor targeting through the peptide portion of the molecule, a modified chlorotoxin peptide, and its imaging properties from a coupled near-infrared fluorescent dye, an indocyanine green. Tozuleristide has been studied in 4 Phase 1 studies, including a trial in pediatric brain cancer subjects. No tozuleristide SAEs or dose limiting toxicity were observed in the 97 subjects treated in the Phase 1 program at doses up to 30 mg in adults or 17.3 mg/m 2 in pediatrics (Hansen S et al, WMIC 2018, P196). Eighty percent of pediatric subjects receiving tozuleristide had tumors considered fluorescence positive, including high and low grade glioma, ependymoma, and medulloblastoma. Methods: This study randomizes subjects in a 1:10 ratio to standard of care or tozuleristide arms. The primary efficacy objectives and endpoints are based on equivocal regions of tissue encountered in surgery. Prior to fluorescence assessment, the surgeon assesses the suspected nature of the tissue (more likely tumor/less likely tumor). Tissue specimens of equivocal regions are collected for blinded central pathology assessment. Sensitivity and specificity of the surgeon’s designation, fluorescence assessment, and ratios of surgeon to fluorescence assessments comprise the primary efficacy analyses. Tozuleristide is given as an IV bolus dose of 15 mg/m 2 to pediatric subjects 1 to 36 hours prior to surgery. Subjects must have a MRI documented lesion consistent with a CNS tumor for which resection is planned. Measures of safety include adverse events, laboratory measures of hematology, liver and kidney function and changes in vital signs and ECGs. Pharmacokinetic blood samples are collected up to 3 hr post dose. Fluorescence imaging is assessed during surgery using an investigational “Canvas System” imaging device attached to a surgical microscope. Collected pathology specimens will also be subjected to further genetic, molecular and pathology studies, including fluorescence assessment of frozen tissue sections. SAEs and patient reported outcomes are collected for 3 months. The SMC for the study last reviewed the data for this study in July 2019 and recommended the trial continue as planned. Clinical trial information: NCT03579602 .
Study EV-103: Durability results of enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma.
Authors: Jonathan E. Rosenberg, Thomas W. Flaig, Terence W. Friedlander, Matthew I. Milowsky, Sandy Srinivas, Daniel Peter Petrylak, Jaime R. Merchan, Mehmet Asim Bilen, Anne-Sophie Carret, Nancy Yuan, Carolyn Sasse, Christopher J. Hoimes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

5044 Background: Platinum chemotherapy is the standard for patients (pts) with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) in the first line (1L) setting. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab (P), have shown promising durability in this setting for PD-L1 high patients. Enfortumab vedotin (EV) is an antibody-drug conjugate that delivers the microtubule-disrupting agent MMAE to cells expressing Nectin-4, which is highly expressed in UC. EV recently received FDA accelerated approval based on tumor response rates for adults with locally advanced or mUC who have previously received a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor and a platinum-containing chemotherapy. EV is investigational in the 1L setting. Initial EV + P data were previously presented (Hoimes ESMO 2019); this provides durability data and an update on safety/ORR. Methods: This multicohort study (NCT03288545) evaluated the safety/activity of EV + P. We report a cohort of 1L cisplatin-ineligible patients treated with EV 1.25 mg/kg + P. In each 3-week cycle, EV was administered on Days 1 and 8 and P on Day 1. The primary endpoint was safety/tolerability; secondary objectives included determination of recommended EV dose, ORR, DCR, DOR/PFS per RECIST v1.1, and OS. Results: As of 8 Oct 2019, 45 1L or previously untreated mUC pts (median age 69 yr [51–90]) received a median of 9 (range 1-22) cycles of EV + P. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (AE) were fatigue (58%, 11% ≥G3), alopecia (53%), and peripheral sensory neuropathy (53%, 4% ≥G3). One pt died due to an AE reported as related (multiple organ failure). With a median follow-up of 11.5 mo, confirmed investigator-assessed ORR was 73.3% (95% CI, 58.1, 85.4) including 15.6% CRs; DCR was 93.3%. The ORR in pts with liver metastasis was 53.3% (8/15). The ORR in pts with available PD-L1 status was 78.6% in PD-L1 high (11/14) and 63.2% in PD-L1 low (12/19). Of the 33 responders, 18 (55%) have ongoing responses including 11 responses beyond 10 months. The median DOR was not reached (range 1.2 to 12.9+ mo); the 12-month DOR rate was 53.7% (95% CI, 27.4, 74.1). The median PFS was 12.3 mo (95% CI, 7.98, -); the 12-month PFS rate was 50.1% (95% CI, 33.0, 65.0). The median OS was not reached (range 0.66 to 19.2+ mo); the 12-month OS rate was 81.6% (95% CI, 62.0, 91.8). Conclusions: In 1L cisplatin-ineligible pts with mUC, EV + P, a potential platinum free option, demonstrates promising activity and durability, with a manageable safety profile. Further evaluation of EV + P in mUC and muscle-invasive UC is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT03288545 .
Rate of complete chemotherapy as planned with comprehensive geriatric assessment guided intervention among vulnerable elderly cancer patients: A randomized-open-label study.
Authors: Manupol Maikami, Napa Parinyanitikul, Nattaya Poovorawan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e24021 Background: The Geriatric 8 (G8) is a simplified screening tool to select the appropriate elderly patients for chemotherapy. Vulnerable patients with impaired G8 score might need additional comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) with intervention for individual problem. However, the impact of CGA and therapeutic intervention on rate of complete chemotherapy among these patients is rarely addressed. This study aims to evaluate the benefit of CGA guided intervention. Methods: A single center, randomized, open-label study which included newly diagnosed elderly cancer patients (age ≥ 65) with impaired G8 score (≤ 14) who were designated for chemotherapy. After the enrollment, patients were randomized to 1:1 ratio to receive CGA guided intervention (intervention group) or usual care (control group). The primary end point was the rate of complete chemotherapy at 90-day. Associated factors for complete chemotherapy were evaluated. Results: Between June 2019 and December 2019, 52 patients were randomized (26 patients for intervention group and 26 patients for control group). Mean age was 72 years, 59.6% was female, 40.4% had breast cancer and 51.9% had early stage cancer. With G8 assessment, 55.8% had intermediate (score 11-14) and 44.2% had low (score &lt; 11) impaired G8 score. All baseline characteristics were balanced. Using per protocol analysis, there was no significant difference in rate of complete chemotherapy between groups (61.9% vs 50%, OR 1.63; 95%Cl 0.51-5.23; p = 0.42). Considering subgroup analysis in the intermediate G8 score patients, the intervention group had a significant higher rate of complete chemotherapy than control group (81.8% vs 66.7%, OR 2.71; p = 0.02), but no significant difference in low G8 score group (40% vs 27.3%, OR 1.78; p = 0.58). In univariate analysis, age below 75 years, BMI &gt; 20 kg/m2 and intermediate G8 score showed significant factors for improving rate of complete chemotherapy. Conclusions: This is the first study in south-east Asia using CGA and intervention to improve rate of completion in chemotherapy. Although the CGA and intervention had no significant difference but had tendency to be better in completion rate of chemotherapy than usual care. The intermediate-impaired G8 score subgroup is more likely to benefit from CGA guided intervention for complete chemotherapy as planned.
Yttrium-90 radioembolization for breast cancer with liver metastases: A focus on mortality, adverse reactions, and radiological response.
Authors: Patrick Heckman, Brandon Martinez, Ruemu E. Birhiray
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e13065 Background: Breast cancer associated with liver metastases (BCLM) occurs later in the progression of metastatic breast cancer and carries a poorer prognosis than bone or soft tissue metastases (Pagani). As systemic therapy begins to prolong progression, there is an inherent necessity for localized therapy directed at distant metastases. Further, there is some evidence to suggest that interventional techniques can prolong survival and palliate symptoms although data is lacking in this area (Hoe). Here we present findings describing the mortality benefit, adverse effects, and radiological response to Yttrium-90 (Y-90) radioembolization in BCLM patients. Methods: All patients with BCLM who received Y-90 radioembolization at St. Vincent Hospital from 2013-2018 were included in data collection. Digital chart review was utilized for data collection. To be eligible for the study, patients must have image or biopsy proven metastatic breast cancer to the liver, active unresectable disease not appropriate for ablation, ECOG performance status of 0-2, Bilirubin &lt; 2.0 mg/dL, and no other evidence of liver disease. Patients with a life expectancy less than 2 months were excluded. Results: Twenty-five patients with BCLM underwent Y-90 radioembolization of hepatic metastases. Median survival after therapy was 495 days, or 16 months compared to the median survival rate of 4 months for BCLM patients reported by previous studies (Hoe). At 3 month follow up CT, 48% of patients experienced significant reduction in hepatic tumor burden, only 20% had worsening disease. 16% of patients reported abdominal pain. Median increase in bilirubin was 0.1. Median post procedural AST was 47, and ALT 40. Six patients experienced ascites requiring paracentesis, which occurred on average 14.3 months after Y-90 therapy. There were zero cases of pancreatitis and Radioembolization Induced Liver Disease (REILD). Conclusions: In patients with BCLM who undergo Y-90 radioembolization there seems to be a mortality benefit compared to traditional therapies. Further, there is a radiological reduction in tumor burden, and only minimal adverse effects.
Effect of MUC5B mutation on prognosis by enhancing the infiltration and antitumor immunity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the endometrial cancer.
Authors: Hong Zheng, Wei Duan, Qun Zhao, Chengcheng Li, Guoqiang Wang, Yuzi Zhang, Yuezong Bai, Yingchun Zhou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e18105 Background: Endometrial cancers have been categorized into four genomic classes by The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network (TCGA) with comprehensive genomic analysis. However, TCGA molecular subtypes are hard to utilize in clinic as the expensive cost and a simply version of POLE, TP53 genes cannot fully differentiate the four subtypes. Therefore, more convenient and reliable biomarkers need to be identified for clinical practice. Methods: Whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing data for 515 patients with endometrial carcinomas were downloaded from TCGA. Associations between MUC5B mutation and survival and RNA expression were analyzed. Results: MUC5B mutation was associated with a prolonged disease specific survival (DSS) (HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.28-0.79; P &lt; 0.05), progression-free survival (PFS) (HR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.17-0.56; P &lt; 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (HR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.14-0.60; P = 0.001) in endometrial cancers. MUC5B mutation was significantly associated with patients' age at diagnosis (P = 0.027) and histological type (P &lt; 0.001) and grade (P &lt; 0.001). In the multivariable cox proportional hazards regression model including FIGO 2008, histology types, tumor grade, tp53, pole and TCGA molecular subtypes, the association between MUC5B mutation and PFS was still significant (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.20-0.81; P = 0.011), indicating the MUC5B mutation is an independent prognostic factor for PFS. Moreover, MUC5B mutation have a tendency for a favorable OS (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.23-1.22; P = 0.13). Patients harboring MUC5B have a higher tumor mutation burden (TMB). An analysis of immune signature revealed that MUC5B mutation was involved with the increase of genes related to activated T cells, immune cytolytic activity, and IFN-γ release. These results have further been confirmed by GSEA. Moreover, an increased level of cytotoxic T lymphocytes infiltration was observed in the patients with MUC5B mutations. Conclusions: MUC5B mutation was related with a favorable prognosis through increasing T cells signature. Identification of MUC5B mutation by genomic profiling provides a potentially novel and convenient approach for endometrial cancer patients to predict the prognosis.
The correlation between molecular characteristics and treatment outcomes in patients (pts) with grade 2-3 (G2-3) gliomas.
Authors: Jaleh Fallah, Vineeth Tatineni, Martin C. Tom, Wei Wei, Deborah Park, Surabhi Tewari, Glen Stevens, Samuel T. Chao, John H. Suh, David M. Peereboom, Erin Sennett Murphy, Manmeet Singh Ahluwalia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e14551 Background: In a retrospective study, we investigated the correlation between the molecular characteristics and treatment outcomes in pts with G2-3 glioma. Methods: Pts with G2-3 glioma and known IDH mutation status who were diagnosed between 1994 and 2017 were analyzed. In most of the pts, IDH mutation was determined by immunohistochemistry only. Overall survival (OS) was defined as the date of biopsy/surgical resection to the date of last follow up or death. OS was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log rank test. Results: 606 pts with G2 (81%) or G3 (19%) glioma were included. The median age at diagnosis was 38 years (Interquartile range 27-52), 55% of the pts were male, 83% were white, 47% had IDH-mt tumor and 67% underwent surgical resection. The median follow-up was 55.6 months (mo). The median OS (mOS) in pts with IDH mutated (mt) and IDH wild type (wt) tumor were 201 and 128 mo, respectively. The predictors of worse OS in pts with IDH-mt tumor included G3, receipt of chemotherapy or radiation therapy (RT), bilateral disease and lack of 1p/19q codeletion. The determinants of worse OS in pts with IDH-wt tumor included male gender, receipt of chemotherapy or RT, history of prior malignancy, smoking, G3, astrocytoma histology, no surgical resection, EGFR amplification, and lack of 1p/19q codeletion. The mOS by IDH, 1p/19q, and MGMT status is summarized in the table. RT and chemotherapy were more commonly used among pts who had G3 glioma and those who underwent biopsy only. Conclusions: Tumor grade continues to be a determinant of pt outcomes in the setting of molecularly defined gliomas. Presence of 1p/19q codeletion is a predictor of favorable OS in pts with G2-3 glioma. Surgical resection is a determinant of OS in pts with IDH-wt G2-3 gliomas, but not in pts with IDH-mt tumor. The worse OS in pts who were treated with RT or chemotherapy is likely due to the use of these treatment modalities in more aggressive tumors and in those who only had biopsy. [Table: see text]