tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Final Nail in the Coffin of Disease Modification for Dopaminergic Therapies
Authors: Alberto J. Espay
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
The genome of cultivated peanut provides insight into legume karyotypes, polyploid evolution and crop domestication
Authors: Weijian Zhuang, Hua Chen, Meng Yang, Jianping Wang, Manish K. Pandey, Chong Zhang, Wen-Chi Chang, Liangsheng Zhang, Xingtan Zhang, Ronghua Tang, Vanika Garg, Xingjun Wang, Haibao Tang, Chi-Nga Chow, Jinpeng Wang, Ye Deng, Depeng Wang, Aamir W. Khan, Qiang Yang, Tiecheng Cai, Prasad Bajaj, Kangcheng Wu, Baozhu Guo, Xinyou Zhang, Jingjing Li, Fan Liang, Jiang Hu, Boshou Liao, Shengyi Liu, Annapurna Chitikineni, Hansong Yan, Yixiong Zheng, Shihua Shan, Qinzheng Liu, Dongyang Xie, Zhenyi Wang, Shahid Ali Khan, Niaz Ali, Chuanzhi Zhao, Xinguo Li, Ziliang Luo, Shubiao Zhang, Ruirong Zhuang, Ze Peng, Shuaiyin Wang, Gandeka Mamadou, Yuhui Zhuang, Zifan Zhao, Weichang Yu, Faqian Xiong, Weipeng Quan, Mei Yuan, Yu Li, Huasong Zou, Han Xia, Li Zha, Junpeng Fan, Jigao Yu, Wenping Xie, Jiaqing Yuan, Kun Chen, Shanshan Zhao, Wenting Chu, Yuting Chen, Pengchuan Sun, Fanbo Meng, Tao Zhuo, Yuhao Zhao, Chunjuan Li, Guohao He, Yongli Zhao, Congcong Wang, Polavarapu Bilhan Kavikishor, Rong-Long Pan, Andrew H. Paterson, Xiyin Wang, Ray Ming, Rajeev K. Varshney
Journal: Nature Genetics (2019)

High oil and protein content make tetraploid peanut a leading oil and food legume. Here we report a high-quality peanut genome sequence, comprising 2.54 Gb with 20 pseudomolecules and 83,709 protein-coding gene models. We characterize gene functional groups implicated in seed size evolution, seed oil content, disease resistance and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The peanut B subgenome has more genes and general expression dominance, temporally associated with long-terminal-repeat expansion in the A subgenome that also raises questions about the A-genome progenitor. The polyploid genome provided insights into the evolution of Arachis hypogaea and other legume chromosomes. Resequencing of 52 accessions suggests that independent domestications formed peanut ecotypes. Whereas 0.42–0.47 million years ago (Ma) polyploidy constrained genetic variation, the peanut genome sequence aids mapping and candidate-gene discovery for traits such as seed size and color, foliar disease resistance and others, also providing a cornerstone for functional genomics and peanut improvement. High-quality genome sequence of cultivated peanut comprising 2.54 Gb with 20 pseudomolecules and 83,709 protein-coding gene models provides insights into genome evolution and the genetic mechanisms underlying seed size and leaf resistance in peanut.
Choosing my specialty
Authors: Gulraj Matharu
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Doctors are being forced to choose a specialty earlier in their careers than they previously were. They must decide the general direction of their career after about 18 months of postgraduate training in the United Kingdom—other countries have similar initiatives.

To make these decisions, doctors need to have spent time in different specialties and obtained information and advice from doctors who are specialists. Deciding on a specialty early in your career makes clinical experiences gained in medical school …
Global Snapshots: Australia - sun, spiders, and snakes
Authors: Hannah Sutton
Journal: BMJ (2003)

It would be nice to believe that Australian primary care involved sitting by Lassiter's Lake drinking milk shakes and that all emergency medicine was done by The Flying Doctors. But there is more to Australia's health system than is sometimes portrayed in soap operas. Australia has all the yardsticks of a well established Western medical system--well equipped hospitals, high standards of staffing, and good health indicators.1

Most health care is supplied by the government through Medicare--a national health insurance scheme available to all …
The Luck Factor
Authors: Clare Hughes
Journal: BMJ (2003)

People seem to think that luck is a thing of chance—being fortunate enough to be in the right place at the right time. Or, if youre unlucky, the wrong place at the wrong time. But according to Dr Richard Wiseman, a psychologist at the University of Hertfordshire, people are not born lucky. Rather, they create their own luck through their mental attitudes and behaviour.

Wiseman, who used to be a professional magician, spent nearly a decade investigating the science of luck. He …
Amid conflict and catastrophe
Authors: James I D M Matheson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<b>Jim Ryan</b> is one of the leading figures in Britain in the emerging field of conflict and catastrophe medicine, and his experiences encompass humanitarian and military interventions around the world, including Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, and Azerbaijan as well as the Balkans and the Falkland Islands. He has recently retired from the post of Leonard Cheshire professor in conflict recovery at University College London, where he is also honorary consultant in accident and emergency medicine. <b>James I D M Matheson</b> caught up with him on his return from Indonesia
Book review: New Life For Health: The Comissino on the NHS
Authors: Andrew Coulton
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Political and journalistic debate about the NHS is widespread at the moment. Waiting lists, “accountability,” and the role of the GMC spring to mind as having been thoroughly (although not always accurately) reported recently. One of the problems with subjects that become “issues of the moment” is that several words and phrases tend to become overused, and perhaps lose their meaning. “Accountability” and “public interest” become ends in themselves, rather than simple descriptions of …
Relationship Between Poor Olfaction and Mortality Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Bojing Liu, Zhehui Luo, Jayant M. Pinto, Eric J. Shiroma, Gregory J. Tranah, Karin Wirdefeldt, Fang Fang, Tamara B. Harris, Honglei Chen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

Background: Poor olfaction is common among older adults and has been linked to higher mortality. However, most studies have had a relatively short follow-up and have not explored potential explanations. Objective: To assess poor olfaction in relation to mortality in older adults and to investigate potential explanations. Design: Community-based prospective cohort study. Setting: 2 U.S. communities. Participants: 2289 adults aged 71 to 82 years at baseline (37.7% black persons and 51.9% women). Measurements: Brief Smell Identification Test in 1999 or 2000 (baseline) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality at 3, 5, 10, and 13 years after baseline. Results: During follow-up, 1211 participants died by year 13. Compared with participants with good olfaction, those with poor olfaction had a 46% higher cumulative risk for death at year 10 (risk ratio, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.27 to 1.67]) and a 30% higher risk at year 13 (risk ratio, 1.30 [CI, 1.18 to 1.42]). Similar associations were found in men and women and in white and black persons. However, the association was evident among participants who reported excellent to good health at baseline (for example, 10-year mortality risk ratio, 1.62 [CI, 1.37 to 1.90]) but not among those who reported fair to poor health (10-year mortality risk ratio, 1.06 [CI, 0.82 to 1.37]). In analyses of cause-specific mortality, poor olfaction was associated with higher mortality from neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Mediation analyses showed that neurodegenerative diseases explained 22% and weight loss explained 6% of the higher 10-year mortality among participants with poor olfaction. Limitation: No data were collected on change in olfaction and its relationship to mortality. Conclusion: Poor olfaction is associated with higher long-term mortality among older adults, particularly those with excellent to good health at baseline. Neurodegenerative diseases and weight loss explain only part of the increased mortality. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health and Michigan State University.
Minerva: October 2001
Authors: Clifford R Weir, A G Shabanni, P Duffy, W Wykes, T Satyadas, C A Akle
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The challenge to clinicians caring for men with carcinoma of the prostate is to separate out those with low risk cancers who can simply be watched from those with high risk tumours who need early aggressive treatment. One useful measure (Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2001;76:571-2; 576-81) is the doubling time for the concentration of prostate specific antigen. It seems especially helpful in men whose disease has recurred: a long doubling time is associated with local recurrence whereas a short doubling time suggests systemic recurrence.

Soft drinks are often full of sugar, but cola drinks carry an additional health risk. A report in the Internal Medicine Journal (2001; 31:317-8) describes a patient with chronic caffeine toxicity manifesting as hypokalaemic myopathy. The patient presented with a year's history of muscle weakness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea. and weight loss. She admitted drinking 8 litres of cola every day for the past two years, amounting to at least 1 g of caffeine daily. Toxicity can occur at levels as low as …
Blood Lines. Real lives in a great British hospital
Authors: Rabia Khalique
Journal: BMJ (2001)

“Meet the doctor.” Thus begins Davidson's narrative of life in St Thomas's Hospital, London, which in many ways rings true for all large hospitals all over the world. His quest is to introduce us to the people who are a part of it—above and beyond just the doctors. The book is based on events that took place between 1994 and 1998—significant because it was also the period during which …
Detection, survival and infectious potential of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in the environment: a review of the evidence and epidemiological implications
Authors: Leonardo Martinez, Renu Verma, Julio Croda, C. Robert Horsburgh, Katharine S. Walter, Nicholas Degner, Keren Middelkoop, Anastasia Koch, Sabine Hermans, Digby F. Warner, Robin Wood, Frank Cobelens, Jason R. Andrews
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2019)

Much remains unknown about Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission. Seminal experimental studies from the 1950s demonstrated that airborne expulsion of droplet nuclei from an infectious tuberculosis (TB) patient is the primary route of transmission. However, these findings did not rule out other routes of M. tuberculos is transmission. We reviewed historical scientific evidence from the late 19th/early 20th century and contemporary studies investigating the presence, persistence and infectiousness of environmental M. tuberculosis . We found both experimental and epidemiological evidence supporting the presence and viability of M. tuberculosis in multiple natural and built environments for months to years, presumably following contamination by a human source. Furthermore, several studies confirm M. tuberculosis viability and virulence in the environment using guinea pig and mouse models. Most of this evidence was historical; however, several recent studies have reported consistent findings of M. tuberculosis detection and viability in the environment using modern methods. Whether M. tuberculosis in environments represents an infectious threat to humans requires further investigation; this may represent an untapped source of data with which to further understand M. tuberculosis transmission. We discuss potential opportunities for harnessing these data to generate new insights into TB transmission in congregate settings.
Revisiting Results on Use of Inferior Vena Cava Filters in Older Adults
Authors: Paul D. Stein, Fadi Matta, Mary J. Hughes
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Echocardiographic Strain
Authors: Arushi Singh, Woo Bin Voss, Robert W. Lentz, James D. Thomas, Nausheen Akhter
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2019)

<h3>Importance</h3> Myocardial deformation or strain by speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) has become an established echocardiographic modality for the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of cardiac dysfunction. Current literature supports the incremental value of strain in diagnosis, risk stratification, and prognostication of a multitude of cardiac disease states. <h3>Observations</h3> Strain has been studied across the clinical spectrum from common to obscure pathologic conditions. This review presents the current literature evaluating characteristic strain patterns across this clinical spectrum, discusses prognostic implications, and provides a case series of classic strain polar maps, which are also known as bull's-eye plots. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Characteristic bull's-eye patterns can be used to guide patient evaluation and management.
Blood Matters: A Journey Along the Genetic Frontier
Authors: Fred Kavalier
Journal: BMJ (2008)

For a few people genetic testing is a life changing experience. Masha Gessen is one of these people. The basic storyline of her book, Blood Matters, is simple. She is a journalist of Russian Jewish descent. Her family has a strong history of cancer. Her mother died from breast cancer at the age of 49, and her mother's aunt had ovarian cancer.

Gessen left home at the age of 15. Her relationship with her mother was not good: “There was no tragic fight, no horrible misunderstanding. For as long as I can remember, we simply felt like …
Randomised equivalence trial: cancer follow-up
Authors: Alan Rodger
Journal: BMJ (2009)

An appraisal of a study that compared telephone with traditional follow-up for survivors of breast cancer #### This month’s paper “Comparing hospital and telephone follow-up after treatment for breast cancer: randomised equivalence trial” by Kinta Beaver and colleagues ( BMJ 2009;338;a3147, doi:10.1136/bmj.a3147). You can read the paper and see responses to it by going to student.bmj.com and clicking on the link. #### Abstract
Abstract 4786: Aortic Valve Replacement Confers Large Survival Benefit In Severe Aortic Regurgitation Patients With Ejection Fraction <35%: Results From A Cohort of 159 Patients
Authors: Ashvin Kamath, Rami Turk, Unnati Sampat, Sumit Khandhar, Padmini Varadarajan, Ramdas G Pai
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Aortic valve replacement (AVR) in patients with severe aortic regurgitation (AR) and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is associated with a higher surgical risk. Though it improves symp...
15 minute interview: Rowan Gillies
Authors: Karen Hebert
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Rowan Gillies is a 33 year old surgeon from, Sydney, Australia. He completed his basic surgical training in 1999 and is currently in his third year of advanced surgical training. He has worked as a field doctor for Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) in Afghanistan and Sierra Leone. Thereafter he became MSF medical coordinator in South Sudan and then Liberia. He became president of MSF Australia in January 2002 and then the following December was elected International President of MSF. Karen Hebert caught up with him in between press engagements.

My getting the job is a reflection of the strength of MSF Australia. We sent 120 doctors away last year and they have got a very good reputation in our organisation, so my appointment was recognition of that in some ways. I became a field worker and then became a board member of MSF Australia. I became president of the Australian group after my predecessor became pregnant. International president is chosen from the various group presidents--and so I decided to do this for about two years.

To a degree, I always wanted to do it. As a student in …
Who's best?
Authors: Sonali Dutta
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Im currently undertaking my elective in a large public hospital in Australia. Staying in the doctors accommodation means that Ive been meeting students from lots of other countries and other medical schools in the United Kingdom.

One question that seems to be introduced quickly at each new meeting is: ‘So, whats your course like?’

I always find this difficult to answer. Others can summarise their course quickly: …
An unusual cause of abdominal pain
Authors: E Ambrose, L Ruff, J Searle, N Bhasin, S Homer-Vanniasinkam
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A 69 year old woman presented with a three month history of pain in her right iliac fossa and 13 kg of weight loss, with no other symptoms. She was a heavy smoker, with a previous medical history of spinal osteoarthritis, varicose vein surgery, and pyelonephritis. She had no noteworthy family history. On examination the patient was apyrexial and in obvious discomfort. She was normocardic, with a blood pressure of 175/104 mm Hg, and she had a palpable pulsatile expansile epigastric mass. Blood investigations were entirely normal other than a raised C reactive protein at 138 mg/l. A computed tomography scan was taken (fig 1). Fig 1 Computed tomogram of the woman's abdomen. The white arrow shows an inflammatory rind and the black arrow shows the edge of the abdominal aortic aneurysm ; the black arrow shows the bifurcated graft in situ
20-24 year olds get meningitis C vaccine
Authors: Jamie Wilson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The meningitis C immunisation programme is to be extended to millions more young adults in the United Kingdom. The plan was announced after advice from a Commons select committee that meningitis C is twice as common in 20-24 year olds than in the rest of the adult population. Disturbingly, the incidence of group C meningococcal disease has risen by 28% in 20-24 year olds in the past year. The …
Tips on - Organising summer research
Authors: Thomas Mac Mahon
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The last thing most of us want to do is spend the summer in a laboratory. Anything different can be helpful when applying for senior house officer posts, however, and the experience may persuade you to intercalate or follow a career in academic research.



Some funding bodies encourage projects outside your home institution. If you do this, however, make sure that you aren't left without access …
Medical school admissions in Portugal: unfair and unsquare
Authors: Tiago Villanueva
Journal: BMJ (2003)

In my country, almost every secondary school student whose career prospects lie within the life sciences aspires to study medicine. But the truth is that every year only a small number of candidates are given the opportunity to go a step further and take on the commitment many see as an honour and a dream made real.

In most countries many students are inevitably left out because it is the natural consequence of any admissions system that attempts to select the brightest. The system in Portugal is not ensuring high standards of quality and might be responsible for allowing many students with unsuitable profiles to enter medicine.

How does the admission system work? In June, thousands of final year secondary school students take national examinations. There are around five written papers, one for each course taken that year. These exams are compulsory for anyone wishing to leave secondary school with a certificate and are …
Clinical case series
Authors: Ian Bickle, Elisabeth McCausland
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Doctors admitted this 45 year old woman into hospital with a six week history of arthralgia and night sweats and a painful rash over the anterior aspects of the ankles. She had no complaints of shortness of breath or cough. Neither had she travelled abroad recently.

On examination she had tender and swollen elbows, wrists, and ankles bilaterally. Her chest examination was unremarkable. The rash seen on examination is shown in fig 1.

Doctors did a number of blood tests on admission. One of these found angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) at a concentration of 113 U/l (normal range 27-100 U/l).

Doctors also did a chest radiograph shown in fig 2.

Four months later at follow up she had symptomatically improved and her serum ACE level had fallen to 24 U/l.



1.  Describe the skin lesion(s). What is …
Medication-Based Treatment to Address Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Alan I. Leshner, Victor J. Dzau
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal