tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Pulmonary to Systemic Flow Ratio in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease Using Deep Learning–Based Analysis of Chest Radiographs
Authors: Shuhei Toba, Yoshihide Mitani, Noriko Yodoya, Hiroyuki Ohashi, Hirofumi Sawada, Hidetoshi Hayakawa, Masahiro Hirayama, Ayano Futsuki, Naoki Yamamoto, Hisato Ito, Takeshi Konuma, Hideto Shimpo, Motoshi Takao
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2020)

Chest radiography is a useful noninvasive modality to evaluate pulmonary blood flow status in patients with congenital heart disease. However, the predictive value of chest radiography is limited by the subjective and qualitive nature of the interpretation. Recently, deep learning has been used to analyze various images, but it has not been applied to analyzing chest radiographs in such patients.To develop and validate a quantitative method to predict the pulmonary to systemic flow ratio from chest radiographs using deep learning.This retrospective observational study included 1031 cardiac catheterizations performed for 657 patients from January 1, 2005, to April 30, 2019, at a tertiary center. Catheterizations without the Fick-derived pulmonary to systemic flow ratio or chest radiography performed within 1 month before catheterization were excluded. Seventy-eight patients (100 catheterizations) were randomly assigned for evaluation. A deep learning model that predicts the pulmonary to systemic flow ratio from chest radiographs was developed using the method of transfer learning.Whether the model can predict the pulmonary to systemic flow ratio from chest radiographs was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analysis. The diagnostic concordance rate was compared with 3 certified pediatric cardiologists. The diagnostic performance for a high pulmonary to systemic flow ratio of 2.0 or more was evaluated using cross tabulation and a receiver operating characteristic curve.The study included 1031 catheterizations in 657 patients (522 males [51%]; median age, 3.4 years [interquartile range, 1.2-8.6 years]), in whom the mean (SD) Fick-derived pulmonary to systemic flow ratio was 1.43 (0.95). Diagnosis included congenital heart disease in 1008 catheterizations (98%). The intraclass correlation coefficient for the Fick-derived and deep learning-derived pulmonary to systemic flow ratio was 0.68, the log-transformed bias was 0.02, and the log-transformed precision was 0.12. The diagnostic concordance rate of the deep learning model was significantly higher than that of the experts (correctly classified 64 of 100 vs 49 of 100 chest radiographs; P = .02 [McNemar test]). For detecting a high pulmonary to systemic flow ratio, the sensitivity of the deep learning model was 0.47, the specificity was 0.95, and the area under the receiver operating curve was 0.88.The present investigation demonstrated that deep learning-based analysis of chest radiographs predicted the pulmonary to systemic flow ratio in patients with congenital heart disease. These findings suggest that the deep learning-based approach may confer an objective and quantitative evaluation of chest radiographs in the congenital heart disease clinic.
Physical Health of Women After Seeking Abortion Services
Authors: Kurt S. Elward
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Letters21 January 2020Physical Health of Women After Seeking Abortion ServicesKurt S. Elward, MD, MPHKurt S. Elward, MD, MPHCharlottesville, Virginia (K.S.E.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L19-0622 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:After reading Ralph and colleagues' article (1), I was incredibly disappointed that the Annals of Internal Medicine would publish something with funding from an anonymous source. This would not be tolerated if any other author or funding source sought to promote a given procedure or device and represents incredible risks of bias. How can we be sure that the funding source did not dictate the terms of the research, choose the team of investigators, or influence the study? The usual assurances that the funding sources had no role in the design or implementation of the study are ...References1. Ralph LJ, Schwarz EB, Grossman D, et al. Self-reported physical health of women who did and did not terminate pregnancy after seeking abortion services. A cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2019;171:238-47. [PMID: 31181576]. doi:10.7326/M18-1666 LinkGoogle Scholar2. ACOG practice bulletin no, 202: gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;133:e1-25. [PMID: 30575675] doi:10.1097/AOG.000000000000301830575675 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Charlottesville, Virginia (K.S.E.)Disclosures: The author has disclosed no conflicts of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L19-0622. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoSelf-reported Physical Health of Women Who Did and Did Not Terminate Pregnancy After Seeking Abortion Services Lauren J. Ralph , Eleanor Bimla Schwarz , Daniel Grossman , and Diana Greene Foster Physical Health of Women After Seeking Abortion Services David C. Reardon Physical Health of Women After Seeking Abortion Services Lauren J. Ralph , Eleanor Bimla Schwarz , Daniel Grossman , and Diana Greene Foster Metrics 21 January 2020Volume 172, Issue 2Page: 164KeywordsBirthBlood pressureConflicts of interestDisclosureHypertensionOpioidsPregnancyProteinuriaSystolic pressure ePublished: 21 January 2020 Issue Published: 21 January 2020 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2020 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Corrigendum to “Transfection of autologous host cells in vivo using gene activated collagen scaffolds incorporating star-polypeptides” [J. Control. Release 304(2019) 191–203]
Authors: David P. Walsh, Rosanne M. Raftery, Irene Mencía Castaño, Robert Murphy, Brenton Cavanagh, Andreas Heise, Fergal J. O'Brien, Sally-Ann Cryan
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2020)
AKT activation by SC79 to transiently re-open pathological blood brain barrier for improved functionalized nanoparticles therapy of glioblastoma
Authors: Lijuan Wen, Kai Wang, Fengtian Zhang, Yanan Tan, Xuwei Shang, Yun Zhu, Xueqing Zhou, Hong Yuan, Fuqiang Hu
Journal: Biomaterials (2020)
Hypoxia and Innate Immunity: Keeping Up with the HIFsters
Authors: Sean P. Colgan, Glenn T. Furuta, Cormac T. Taylor
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2020)

Recent years have witnessed an emergence of interest in understanding metabolic changes associated with immune responses, termed immunometabolism. As oxygen is central to all aerobic metabolism, hypoxia is now recognized to contribute fundamentally to inflammatory and immune responses. Studies from a number of groups have implicated a prominent role for oxygen metabolism and hypoxia in innate immunity of healthy tissue (physiologic hypoxia) and during active inflammation (inflammatory hypoxia). This inflammatory hypoxia emanates from a combination of recruited inflammatory cells (e.g., neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes), high rates of oxidative metabolism, and the activation of multiple oxygen-consuming enzymes during inflammation. These localized shifts toward hypoxia have identified a prominent role for the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in the regulation of innate immunity. Such studies have provided new and enlightening insight into our basic understanding of immune mechanisms, and extensions of these findings have identified potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize recent literature around the topic of innate immunity and mucosal hypoxia with a focus on transcriptional responses mediated by HIF.
First-in-Human Phase I Study of ABBV-838, an Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting SLAMF7/CS1 in Patients with Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Ravi Vij, Rajneesh Nath, Daniel E.H. Afar, María-Victoria Mateos, Jesús G. Berdeja, Marc S. Raab, Andreas Guenther, Joaquín Martínez-López, Andrzej J. Jakubowiak, Xavier Leleu, Katja Weisel, Shekman Wong, Scott Gulbranson, James P. Sheridan, Anita Reddy, Bruno Paiva, Anil Singhal, Jesús F. San-Miguel, Philippe Moreau
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

ABBV-838 is an antibody-drug conjugate targeting a unique epitope of CD2 subset 1, a cell-surface glycoprotein expressed on multiple myeloma cells. This phase I/Ib first-in-human, dose-escalation study (trial registration ID: NCT02462525) evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary activity of ABBV-838 in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM).Eligible patients (≥18 years) received ABBV-838 (3+3 design) intravenously starting from 0.6 mg/kg up to 6.0 mg/kg for 3-week dosing intervals (Q3W). Patients could continue ABBV-838 for up to 24 months. Assessment of alternate dosing intervals (Q1W and Q2W) was conducted in parallel.As of March 2017, 75 patients received at least one dose of ABBV-838. The most common any-grade treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE) were neutropenia and anemia (28.0% each), fatigue (26.7%), and nausea (25.3%). Grade 3/4/5 TEAEs were reported in 73.3% of patients across all treatment groups; most common were neutropenia (20.0%), anemia (18.7%), and leukopenia (13.3%). Grade 3/4/5 ABBV-838-related TEAEs were reported by 40.0% of patients across all treatment groups. Overall, 4.0% of patients experienced TEAEs leading to death, none ABBV-838 related. The MTD was not reached; the selected recommended dose for the expansion cohort was 5.0 mg/kg Q3W. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that exposure was approximately dose proportional. The overall response rate was 10.7%; very good partial responses and partial responses were achieved by 2 (2.7%) and 6 (8.0%) patients, respectively.These results demonstrate that ABBV-838 is safe and well-tolerated in patients with RRMM with a very limited efficacy.
Editorial of Special Issue on Drug Metabolism and Disposition in Diseases
Authors: Wen Xie
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2020)

I am very happy to present you with a Thematic Issue on "Drug Metabolism and Disposition in Diseases".Drug metabolism and disposition are essential to both drug therapy and drug safety.Besides genetic and environmental factors, it has been more and more appreciated that disease and physiological states of the patients can also impact on drug metabolism and disposition.On the other hand, the expression or activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters can have profound effect on the clinical outcome of diseases.In 2016, I edited a book of a similar title Drug Metabolism in Diseases (Academic Press/Elsevier 2016; ISBN: 9780128029497) that was dedicated to diseaseedrug interactions.The diseases and physiological conditions covered in the 2016 Elsevier book included liver and kidney diseases, inflammation, diabetes, pregnancy, and pediatric populations.However, several other areas were left uncovered, which motivated me to edit a Thematic Issue that continues focusing on the diseaseedrug interactions.This Thematic Issue contains both review articles and original research articles.Examples of the areas that are covered include the effects of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) on cancer and cancer chemotherapy, metabolic homeostasis of immune cells, herbedrug interaction and herbinduced hepatotoxicity, the effects of sepsis, gut microbiota, parenteral nutrition and obesity on xenobiotic metabolism, interaction between intestinal drug metabolism and colitis, and pharmacogenetics of selected P450 enzymes.
Transcriptional profiling identifies caspase-1 as a T cell–intrinsic regulator of Th17 differentiation
Authors: Yajing Gao, Krystin Deason, Aakanksha Jain, Ricardo A. Irizarry-Caro, Igor Dozmorov, Laura A. Coughlin, Isabella Rauch, Bret M. Evers, Andrew Y. Koh, Edward K. Wakeland, Chandrashekhar Pasare
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical for the differentiation of pathogen-specific CD4 T cells. However, to what extent innate cues from DCs dictate transcriptional changes in T cells remains elusive. Here, we used DCs stimulated with specific pathogens to prime CD4 T cells in vitro and found that these T cells express unique transcriptional profiles dictated by the nature of the priming pathogen. More specifically, the transcriptome of in vitro C. rodentium-primed Th17 cells resembled that of Th17 cells primed following infection in vivo but was remarkably distinct from cytokine-polarized Th17 cells. We identified caspase-1 as a unique gene up-regulated only in pathogen-primed Th17 cells and discovered a critical role for T cell-intrinsic caspase-1, independent of inflammasome, in optimal priming of Th17 responses. T cells lacking caspase-1 failed to induce colitis or confer protection against C. rodentium infection due to suboptimal Th17 cell differentiation in vivo. This study underlines the importance of DC-mediated priming in identifying novel regulators of T cell differentiation.
Trends in Buprenorphine Treatment in the United States, 2009-2018
Authors: Mark Olfson, Victoria (Shu) Zhang, Michael Schoenbaum, Marissa King
Journal: JAMA (2020)

This study assessed the number of individuals receiving treatment for opioid use disorder in the United States by age group and sex using a national prescription database to compare between the number of buprenorphine prescriptions filled and the number of US opioid-related overdose deaths.
Trends in Unmet Need for Physician and Preventive Services in the United States, 1998-2017
Authors: Laura Hawks, David U. Himmelstein, Steffie Woolhandler, David H. Bor, Adam Gaffney, Danny McCormick
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

Improvements in insurance coverage and access to care have resulted from the Affordable Care Act (ACA). However, a focus on short-term pre- to post-ACA changes may distract attention from longer-term trends in unmet health needs, and the problems that persist.To identify changes from 1998 to 2017 in unmet need for physician services among insured and uninsured adults aged 18 to 64 years in the United States.Survey study using 20 years of data, from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2017, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to identify trends in unmet need for physician and preventive services.The proportion of persons unable to see a physician when needed owing to cost (in the past year), having no routine checkup for those in whom a routine checkup was likely indicated (within 2 years), or failing to receive clinically indicated preventive services (in the recommended timeframe), overall and among subgroups defined by the presence of chronic illnesses and by self-reported health status. We estimated changes over time using logistic regression controlling for age, sex, race, Census region, employment status, and income.Among the adults aged 18 to 64 years in 1998 (n = 117 392) and in 2017 (n = 282 378) who responded to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System (mean age was 39.2 [95% CI, 39.0-39.3]; 50.3% were female; 65.9% were white), uninsurance decreased by 2.1 (95% CI, 1.6-2.5) percentage points (from 16.9% to 14.8%). However, the adjusted proportion unable to see a physician owing to cost increased by 2.7 (95% CI, 2.2-3.8) percentage points overall (from 11.4% to 15.7%, unadjusted); by 5.9 (95% CI, 4.1-7.8) percentage points among the uninsured (32.9% to 39.6%, unadjusted) and 3.6 (95% CI, 3.2-4.0) percentage points among the insured (from 7.1% to 11.5%, unadjusted). The adjusted proportion of persons with chronic medical conditions who were unable to see a physician because of cost also increased for most conditions. For example, an increase in the inability to see a physician because of cost for patients with cardiovascular disease was 5.9% (95% CI, 1.7%-10.1%), for patients with elevated cholesterol was 3.5% (95% CI, 2.5%-4.5%), and for patients with binge drinking was 3.1% (95% CI, 2.3%-3.3%). The adjusted proportion of chronically ill adults receiving checkups did not change. While the adjusted share of people receiving guideline-recommended cholesterol tests (16.8% [95% CI, 16.1%-17.4%]) and flu shots (13.2% [95% CI, 12.7%-13.8%]) increased, the proportion of women receiving mammograms decreased (-6.7% [95% CI, -7.8 to -5.5]).Despite coverage gains since 1998, most measures of unmet need for physician services have shown no improvement, and financial access to physician services has decreased.
Bespoken Nanoceria: An Effective Treatment in Experimental Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Guillermo Fernández‐Varo, Meritxell Perramón, Silvia Carvajal, Denise Oró, Eudald Casals, Loreto Boix, Laura Oller, Laura Macías‐Muñoz, Santi Marfà, Gregori Casals, Manuel Morales‐Ruiz, Pedro Casado, Pedro R. Cutillas, Jordi Bruix, Miquel Navasa, Josep Fuster, Juan Carlos Garcia‐Valdecasas, Mihai C. Pavel, Víctor Puntes, Wladimiro Jiménez
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

Background and Aims Despite the availability of new‐generation drugs, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still the third most frequent cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO 2 NPs) have emerged as an antioxidant agent in experimental liver disease because of their antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antisteatotic properties. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the potential of CeO 2 NPs as therapeutic agents in HCC. Approach and Results HCC was induced in 110 Wistar rats by intraperitoneal administration of diethylnitrosamine for 16 weeks. Animals were treated with vehicle or CeO 2 NPs at weeks 16 and 17. At the eighteenth week, nanoceria biodistribution was assessed by mass spectrometry (MS). The effect of CeO 2 NPs on tumor progression and animal survival was investigated. Hepatic tissue MS‐based phosphoproteomics as well as analysis of principal lipid components were performed. The intracellular uptake of CeO 2 NPs by human ex vivo perfused livers and human hepatocytes was analyzed. Nanoceria was mainly accumulated in the liver, where it reduced macrophage infiltration and inflammatory gene expression. Nanoceria treatment increased liver apoptotic activity, while proliferation was attenuated. Phosphoproteomic analysis revealed that CeO 2 NPs affected the phosphorylation of proteins mainly related to cell adhesion and RNA splicing. CeO 2 NPs decreased phosphatidylcholine‐derived arachidonic acid and reverted the HCC‐induced increase of linoleic acid in several lipid components. Furthermore, CeO 2 NPs reduced serum alpha‐protein levels and improved the survival of HCC rats. Nanoceria uptake by ex vivo perfused human livers and in vitro human hepatocytes was also demonstrated. Conclusions These data indicate that CeO 2 NPs partially revert the cellular mechanisms involved in tumor progression and significantly increase survival in HCC rats, suggesting that they could be effective in patients with HCC.
The TAXIF II Protocol Final Results: A Phase II Trial of High-Dose Chemotherapy Supported by Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Disseminated Germ-Cell Tumors Failing Chemotherapy and with Adverse Prognostic Factors
Authors: F. Selle, K. Fizazi, P. Biron, G. Gravis-Mescam, B. Bui, J. Bay, A. Flechon, C. Dubot, A. Caty, D. Burcoveanu, R. Delva, T. de Revel, J.M. Miclea, M. Gaulet, E. Horn, S. Provent, I. Temby, I. Brindel, J. Khalil, J. Gligorov, J.-P. Lotz
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Horizontal and Vertical Boundaries of Hemineglect—The Puzzling Case of a Crossword Puzzle
Authors: René M. Müri, Dario Cazzoli
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2020)

This case report describes a 65-year-old woman with a right-hemispheric ischemic stroke in the territory of the middle cerebral artery along with left-sided hemiparesis with dysarthria and left-sided visual hemineglect.
Dengue Vaccine Protects Youth
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 12333: Effects of Lowest-Dose vs. Highest-Dose Pitavastatin on Coronary Neointimal Hyperplasia at 12 Months Follow-up in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome: An Optical Coherence Tomography Analysis
Authors: Han Saem Jeong, Jung Wook Lim, Soon Jun Hong, Jae Young Cho, Seung Hoon Lee, Hyung Joon Joo, Jae Hyoung Park, Cheol Woong Yu
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Current ACC/AHA guidelines recommend high-dose statin therapy after coronary stenting, especially in diabetic patients; however, pitavastatin 4mg or pitavastatin 1mg are frequently us...
Consecutive cold/hot underwater snaring with a single hybrid snare for resection of large sessile serrated lesions when cold snaring fails
Authors: Alexandru Lupu, Jérôme Rivory, Martin Fabritius, Florian Rostain, Thierry Ponchon, Mathieu Pioche
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

We present two endoscopic resections using consecutive cold and hot snaring (Olympus SnareMaster, Tokyo, Japan) with a single hybrid snare for two sessile serrated lesions (SSLs). The lesions were classified as Paris IIa, NICE I, Kudo IIO, CONECCT Is [1], were > 10 mm in diameter, and were located in the right colon. The underwater technique was initially used because of the higher reported en bloc resection rate with lower risk of perforation [2] [3]. For the first lesion, conventional cold snare resection was attempted but was not possible because of the quantity of tissue trapped within the snare, preventing complete section ([Fig. 1 a, b], [Video 1]). As en bloc cold resection was not feasible, the hybrid snare was connected to the monopolar electrosurgical unit (ERBE VIO 300, polypectomy, ENDO Q 2, Forced Coag 35 W; Erbe Elektromedizin GmbH, Tübingen, Germany), and current was used to achieve cutting of the tissue caught within the snare, leading to successful resection of the snared lesion ([Fig. 1 c]). In the second case of a 25-mm SSL ([Fig. 2]), piecemeal resection was successful using this consecutive cold and hot underwater snaring (CHUS) technique ([Video 1])
Remember the Pitfall
Authors: Florian Rosar, Martin Ries, Fadi Khreish, Samer Ezziddin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

We report of a 71-year-old woman with a 2-cm somatostatin receptor-positive intrapancreatic lesion almost misdiagnosed as neuroendocrine neoplasm. By additional red blood cell scintigraphy with heat-damaged erythrocytes, the lesion was identified as an intrapancreatic accessory spleen, and unnecessary operation (which was already planned) could be avoided. This case report reminds colleagues to consider accessory spleen as differential diagnosis for somatostatin receptor-positive lesions even when located inside the pancreas. In doubtful cases, a scintigraphy with heat-damaged erythrocytes is a very useful and complementary imaging method and should be performed before any planning of surgery.