tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Does one person provide it all? Defining the social support of women with cancer
Authors: D. S. Dizon, J. Gass, C. Bandera, S. Weitzen, M. Clark
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

8611 Background: Medical care encourages the appointment of a health care proxy in the event the patient cannot make decisions and it is assumed that this same person will serve other critical roles for the patient. Yet, this assumption that a patient truly relies on the same person for various supportive roles has never been formally evaluated. We hypothesized that there may be a large proportion of women with cancer who do not rely on the same person to be their primary support (PS), to participate in health care decision making as proxy (HCP), and serve as an emergency contact (EC). In order to evaluate this we conducted a questionnaire over a six-month period for women treated in the Program in Women’s Oncology (PWO). Methods: Patients seen at the PWO for a cancer diagnosis were invited to participate in a four part survey on social supports. Demographic data including age, race, cancer diagnosis, date of diagnosis, and current status were collected by chart review. Categorical variables were analyzed using Fisher’s Exact Test or Chi-square analysis. Results: Over 6 months, 224/228 women (98%) agreed to participate. The median age was 58 (range, 30–85). 138 (62%) had breast cancer, 78 (35%) had a gynecologic cancer, and 8 (3.5%) had a non-gyn/non-breast tumor (6/8 colorectal). 66% were married, 8% had a partner, and 26% did not identify a partner. In this sample, 43% did not name the same person as EC, PS, and HCP. 75% named the EC as HCP, 68% EC as PS, and 62% PS as HCP (p&lt;0.05). Of married women (n=147) only 60% named their spouse to all three roles. Divorced women were not as likely to name a partner to one of these roles as were single women with partners. When asked to define primary support, women had diverse perspectives spanning the emotional, physical, intimate, and spiritual dimensions. Age did not appear to be a significant predictor of how these questions were answered. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the complex social support structures of women with cancer. Understanding these relationships may help to enable more effective patient-centered interventions designed to improve quality of care and ultimately the quality of life of cancer survivors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Bridging the gender equality gap in STEM to transform the pipeline in Africa: the African Research Academies for Women (ARA-W) summer research programme
Authors: Yvonne Commodore-Mensah, Seun Shokunbi, Adaobi Okocha, Olatide Omojaro, Sope Oguntuyo, Janessa Aneke, Efe Chantal Ghanney, Melrose Huang, Jessica Asante, Paule Valery Joseph, Kwadwo Sarpong
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2020)

BackgroundAlthough progress has been made in developed countries to increase the representation of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), women in African countries lag behind. Stark gender disparities exist in STEM in Africa due to economic, environmental, sociocultural, and personal factors. Here, we describe the African Research Academies for Women (ARA-W) summer undergraduate research programme that seeks to reverse the under-representation of women in STEM through fellowship opportunities with mentored training at reputable academic and research institutions.MethodsApplicants are selected through a competitive application process on the basis of academic performance, STEM experience, their personal statement, and career potential. Fellows are paired with established leaders in their fields who provide rigorous mentoring for 8 weeks. Fellows submit weekly progress reports, complete a community service project, and participate in a final presentation.FindingsSince 2014, 65 fellows have completed projects on topics including the transmission dynamics of malaria, in-vitro procedures for evaluating cytotoxicity and use of high-performance liquid chromatography, palliative-care training for caregivers of cancer patients, and converting plastic wastes into biodiesel. Mean age of participants was 20 years and 76%, 11%, and 14% studied science, technology, and engineering, respectively. All fellows attended universities in Ghana at the time of participation.InterpretationSecuring funding to cover the full costs of the programme is a challenge. ARA-W is a volunteer-led organisation, which significantly reduces overhead costs. However, because there is no paid full-time staff, we must be mindful of coordinating responsibilities around teammates' schedules. We plan to increase enrolment by 20 fellows every year, and finalise the development of MentorSpace, an online professional mentorship pairing platform to connect individuals affiliated with ARA-W. Through ARA-W's MentorSpace, fellows can connect with an expanded network both within and outside their fields. New fellows will connect with our alumni network, using their knowledge and experience to open doors for future scholars. We have begun to collaborate with academic institutions in Nigeria to allow our model to be translated across Africa.FundingIndividuals and organisations donate to ARA-W to support our mission.
Discovery of highly selective and orally available benzimidazole-based phosphodiesterase 10 inhibitors with improved solubility and pharmacokinetic properties for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Yuncong Yang, Sirui Zhang, Qian Zhou, Chen Zhang, Yuqi Gao, Hao Wang, Zhe Li, Deyan Wu, Yinuo Wu, Yi-You Huang, Lei Guo, Hai-Bin Luo
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2020)

Optimization efforts were devoted to discover novel PDE10A inhibitors in order to improve solubility and pharmacokinetics properties for a long-term therapy against pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) starting from the previously synthesized inhibitor A. As a result, a potent and highly selective PDE10A inhibitor, 14·3HCl (half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50 = 2.8 nmol/L and >3500-fold selectivity) exhibiting desirable solubility and metabolic stability with a remarkable bioavailability of 50% was identified with the aid of efficient methods of binding free energy predictions. Animal PAH studies showed that the improvement offered by 14·3HCl [2.5 mg/kg, oral administration (p.o.)] was comparable to tadalafil (5.0 mg/kg, p.o.), verifying the feasibility of PDE10A inhibitors for the anti-PAH treatment. The crystal structure of the PDE10A−14 complex illustrates their binding pattern, which provided a guideline for rational design of highly selective PDE10A inhibitors.
Gastroenterology department operational reorganisation at the time of covid-19 outbreak: an Italian and Chinese experience
Authors: Silvio Danese, Zhi Hua Ran, Alessandro Repici, Jinlu Tong, Paolo Omodei, Alessio Aghemo, Alberto Malesci
Journal: Gut (2020)

In December 2019, cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were first reported in Wuhan, China. A new coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by WHO, was identified as the pathogenic agent causing the covid-19.1 Even if this new virus appears to be less fatal when compared with MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, it appears to be highly more contagious,2 so that there have been more than 200 000 confirmed cases worldwide since the beginning of the outbreak. On 11 March, the WHO declared a global pandemic—Italy and China being the areas at highest risk.3 

Covid-19 clinical presentation is similar to that of other types of pneumonia,4 namely flu-like manifestations, such as fever and cough, possibly evolving to severe hypoxaemia, ARDS and hypoxic respiratory failure. Interestingly, abnormal findings at chest CT, which may be present also in asymptomatic patients, are becoming an early diagnostic tool.5 

Luckily, these symptoms are present in about 10% of infected patients with a 2%–8% mortality rate,6 the most severe patients being men over 60 years with underlying health conditions, such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and cancer.

While the management of patients with covid-19 is a relatively simple task, namely to provide supportive care (ie, ventilation), and no specific antivirals are so far validated,7 a major concern comes from the number of patients eventually requiring intensive care (IC) assistance. Mathematical models, aimed at instructing political leaders, show an exponential increase both in the number of people being infected and in those requiring IC.6 In most predictions, a 3-month period is estimated to be required in order to fully control the outbreak.8 

In China, community isolation measures have been shown to be pivotal in reducing the spread of the outbreak and in limiting the pressure on health system …
Heterozygous Ala156Val Mutation in the GPIb Alpha (Heterozygous Bernard-Soulier Syndrome Type Bolzano) Induces Macrothrombocytopenia by Hampering Proplatelet Formation.
Authors: Alessandra Balduini, Alessandro Malara, Stefania Badalucco, Valeria Bozzi, Isabella Pallotta, Patrizia Noris, Mauro Torti, Carlo L Balduini, Alessandro Pecci
Journal: Blood (2008)
Invited commentary on “A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of negativepressure wound therapy to standard therapy in the prevention of complications after vascular surgery” Int J Surg. 2020 Mar 3. pii: S1743-9191(20)30202-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.037. [Epub ahead of print]
Authors: Aram Baram
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2020)
British Society of Gastroenterology guidance for management of inflammatory bowel disease during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Nicholas A Kennedy, Gareth-Rhys Jones, Christopher A Lamb, Richard Appleby, Ian Arnott, R Mark Beattie, Stuart Bloom, Alenka J Brooks, Rachel Cooney, Robin J Dart, Cathryn Edwards, Aileen Fraser, Daniel R Gaya, Subrata Ghosh, Kay Greveson, Richard Hansen, Ailsa Hart, A Barney Hawthorne, Bu"Hussain Hayee, Jimmy K Limdi, Charles D Murray, Gareth C Parkes, Miles Parkes, Kamal Patel, Richard C Pollok, Nick Powell, Chris S Probert, Tim Raine, Shaji Sebastian, Christian Selinger, Philip J Smith, Catherine Stansfield, Lisa Younge, James O Lindsay, Peter M Irving, Charlie W Lees
Journal: Gut (2020)

The COVID-19 pandemic is putting unprecedented pressures on healthcare systems globally. Early insights have been made possible by rapid sharing of data from China and Italy. In the UK, we have rapidly mobilised inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) centres in order that preparations can be made to protect our patients and the clinical services they rely on. This is a novel coronavirus; much is unknown as to how it will affect people with IBD. We also lack information about the impact of different immunosuppressive medications. To address this uncertainty, the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) COVID-19 IBD Working Group has used the best available data and expert opinion to generate a risk grid that groups patients into highest, moderate and lowest risk categories. This grid allows patients to be instructed to follow the UK government's advice for shielding, stringent and standard advice regarding social distancing, respectively. Further considerations are given to service provision, medical and surgical therapy, endoscopy, imaging and clinical trials.
Colocalization of Intracoronary Lipid-Rich Plaques and Calcifications
Authors: Eline M.J. Hartman, Ayla Hoogendoorn, Ali C. Akyildiz, Anne-Sophie Schuurman, Anton F.W. van der Steen, Eric Boersma, Jolanda J. Wentzel, Joost Daemen
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2020)
IL-6 in pulmonary hypertension: why novel is not always best
Authors: Mark Toshner, Alexander M.K. Rothman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>Previous preclinical data on IL-6 validated in a large multicentre biobank study. IL-6 is associated with mortality and levels vary related to underlying aetiology. This has relevance to experimental medicine attempts to translate immunomodulatory therapy.</b>https://bit.ly/2WTFUMQ
Defining the Right State for a Will Rogers Phenomenon in Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Andrei Fodor, Maria Picchio, Nadia Gisella Di Muzio
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Reduced Intensity Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation(RI-UCBT) in Adult Patients with Graft Failure or Relapse after First Allogeneic Transplantation.
Authors: Kazuhiro Masuoka, Koichiro Yuji, Yuji Miura, Tomohiro Myojo, Daisuke Kato, Hiroto Narimatsu, Eiji Kusumi, Tomoko Matsumura, Atsushi Wake, Ko Miyamoto, Shigesaburo Miyakoshi, Akiko Yoneyama, Michio Matsuzaki, Junichi Ueyama, Shinichi Morinaga, Shuichi Taniguchi
Journal: Blood (2004)
Engagement of Fibrinogen and β3 Integrin Is Required for Maintenance of Platelet Intracellular and Cell Surface P-Selectin Expression
Authors: Hong Yang, Sean Lang, Zhimin Zhai, Christopher M. Spring, Adili Reheman, Pingguo Chen, Matthew J. Flick, Jay L. Degen, Ling Li, Walter H.A. Kahr, John Freedman, Heyu Ni
Journal: Blood (2008)
Basal Ganglia Circuits for Action Specification
Authors: Junchol Park, Luke T. Coddington, Joshua T. Dudman
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2020)

Behavior is readily classified into patterns of movements with inferred common goals—actions. Goals may be discrete; movements are continuous. Through the careful study of isolated movements in laboratory settings, or via introspection, it has become clear that animals can exhibit exquisite graded specification to their movements. Moreover, graded control can be as fundamental to success as the selection of which action to perform under many naturalistic scenarios: a predator adjusting its speed to intercept moving prey, or a tool-user exerting the perfect amount of force to complete a delicate task. The basal ganglia are a collection of nuclei in vertebrates that extend from the forebrain (telencephalon) to the midbrain (mesencephalon), constituting a major descending extrapyramidal pathway for control over midbrain and brainstem premotor structures. Here we discuss how this pathway contributes to the continuous specification of movements that endows our voluntary actions with vigor and grace.
Modified Routine Cardiac Imaging Surveillance of Adult Cancer Patients and Survivors During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Oscar Calvillo-Argüelles, Husam Abdel-Qadir, Bonnie Ky, Jennifer E. Liu, Juan C. Lopez-Mattei, Eitan Amir, Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2020)

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has overwhelmed health care systems internationally, prompting difficult decisions and ethical dilemmas over resource allocation ([1][1]). In-person health care encounters have been restricted to reduce exposures to patients and providers. These
Lenalidomide (LMID) Significantly Enhances Circulating Serum Levels of IL-2 and IL-15 Levels, NK Expansion and Activation and NK and LAK Cytotoxicity in Children with Refractory/Recurrent Solid Tumors: A Children’s Oncology Group Phase I Consortium Report
Authors: Janet Ayello, Stacey L Berg, Mark Krailo, Carmella van de Ven, Ashish Mark Ingle, Duane Lewis, Lauren Harrison, Susan Blaney, Peter C. Adamson, Mitchell S. Cairo
Journal: Blood (2008)
Diagnostic Accuracy of Quantitative Micro-Elastography for Margin Assessment in Breast-Conserving Surgery
Authors: Kelsey M. Kennedy, Renate Zilkens, Wes M. Allen, Ken Y. Foo, Qi Fang, Lixin Chin, Rowan W. Sanderson, James Anstie, Philip Wijesinghe, Andrea Curatolo, Hsern Ern I. Tan, Narelle Morin, Bindu Kunjuraman, Chris Yeomans, Synn Lynn Chin, Helen DeJong, Katharine Giles, Benjamin F. Dessauvagie, Bruce Latham, Christobel M. Saunders, Brendan F. Kennedy
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Inadequate margins in breast-conserving surgery (BCS) are associated with an increased likelihood of local recurrence of breast cancer. Currently, approximately 20% of BCS patients require repeat surgery due to inadequate margins at the initial operation. Implementation of an accurate, intraoperative margin assessment tool may reduce this re-excision rate. This study determined, for the first time, the diagnostic accuracy of quantitative micro-elastography (QME), an optical coherence tomography (OCT)–based elastography technique that produces images of tissue microscale elasticity, for detecting tumor within 1 mm of the margins of BCS specimens. Simultaneous OCT and QME were performed on the margins of intact, freshly excised specimens from 83 patients undergoing BCS and on dissected specimens from 7 patients undergoing mastectomy. The resulting three-dimensional images (45 × 45 × 1 mm) were coregistered with postoperative histology to determine tissue types present in each scan. Data from 12 BCS patients and the 7 mastectomy patients served to build a set of images for reader training. One hundred and fifty-four subimages (10 × 10 × 1 mm) from the remaining 71 BCS patients were included in a blinded reader study, which resulted in 69.0% sensitivity and 79.0% specificity using OCT images, versus 92.9% sensitivity and 96.4% specificity using elasticity images. The quantitative nature of QME also facilitated development of an automated reader, which resulted in 100.0% sensitivity and 97.7% specificity. These results demonstrate high accuracy of QME for detecting tumor within 1 mm of the margin and the potential for this technique to improve outcomes in BCS. Significance: An optical imaging technology probes breast tissue elasticity to provide accurate assessment of tumor margin involvement in breast-conserving surgery.
NLRP12 collaborates with NLRP3 and NLRC4 to promote pyroptosis inducing ganglion cell death of acute glaucoma
Authors: Hui Chen, Yang Deng, Xiaoliang Gan, Yonghao Li, Wenyong Huang, Lin Lu, Lai Wei, Lishi Su, Jiawen Luo, Bin Zou, Yanhua Hong, Yihai Cao, Yizhi Liu, Wei Chi
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2020)

Abstract Background Acute glaucoma, characterized by a sudden elevation in intraocular pressure (IOP) and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) death, is a major cause of irreversible blindness worldwide that lacks approved effective therapies, validated treatment targets and clear molecular mechanisms. We sought to explore the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the causal link between high IOP and glaucomatous RGCs death. Methods A murine retinal ischemia/ reperfusion (RIR) model and an in vitro oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGDR) model were used to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms of acute glaucoma. Results Our findings reveal a novel mechanism of microglia-induced pyroptosis-mediated RGCs death associated with glaucomatous vision loss. Genetic deletion of gasdermin D (GSDMD), the effector of pyroptosis, markedly ameliorated the RGCs death and retinal tissue damage in acute glaucoma. Moreover, GSDMD cleavage of microglial cells was dependent on caspase-8 (CASP8)-hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling. Mechanistically, the newly identified nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 12 (NLRP12) collaborated with NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) and NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4) downstream of the CASP8-HIF-1α axis, to elicit pyroptotic processes and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) maturation through caspase-1 activation, facilitating pyroptosis and neuroinflammation in acute glaucoma. Interestingly, processing of IL-1β in turn magnified the CASP8-HIF-1α-NLRP12/NLRP3/NLRC4-pyroptosis circuit to accelerate inflammatory cascades. Conclusions These data not only indicate that the collaborative effects of NLRP12, NLRP3 and NLRC4 on pyroptosis are responsible for RGCs death, but also shed novel mechanistic insights into microglial pyroptosis, paving novel therapeutic avenues for the treatment of glaucoma-induced irreversible vision loss through simultaneously targeting of pyroptosis.
Canadian Multicenter Project on Standardization of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Immunohistochemistry 22C3 Laboratory-Developed Tests for Pembrolizumab Therapy in NSCLC
Authors: Emina Torlakovic, Roula Albadine, Gilbert Bigras, Alexander Boag, Anna Bojarski, Michael Cabanero, Sophie Camilleri-Broët, Carol Cheung, Christian Couture, Kenneth J. Craddock, Jean-Claude Cutz, Prashant Dhamanaskar, Pierre O. Fiset, Mohammad Hossain, David M. Hwang, Diana Ionescu, Doha Itani, Margaret M. Kelly, Keith Kwan, Hyun J. Lim, Søren Nielsen, Gefei Qing, Harman Sekhon, Alan Spatz, Ranjit Waghray, Hangjun Wang, Zhaolin Xu, Ming Sound Tsao
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2020)

IntroductionThe programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay is used to select patients for first or second-line pembrolizumab monotherapy in NSCLC. The PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx assay requires an Autostainer Link 48 instrument. Laboratories without this stainer have the option to develop a highly accurate 22C3 IHC laboratory-developed test (LDT) on other instruments. The Canadian 22C3 IHC LDT validation project was initiated to harmonize the quality of PD-L1 22C3 IHC LDT protocols across 20 Canadian pathology laboratories.MethodsCentrally optimized 22C3 LDT protocols were distributed to participating laboratories. The LDT results were assessed against results using reference PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx. Analytical sensitivity and specificity were assessed using cell lines with varying PD-L1 expression levels (phase 1) and IHC critical assay performance controls (phase 2B). Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were assessed using whole sections of 50 NSCLC cases (phase 2A) and tissue microarrays with an additional 50 NSCLC cases (phase 2C).ResultsIn phase 1, 80% of participants reached acceptance criteria for analytical performance in the first attempt with disseminated protocols. However, in phase 2A, only 40% of participants reached the desired diagnostic accuracy for both 1% and 50% tumor proportion score cutoff. In phase 2B, further protocol modifications were conducted, which increased the number of successful laboratories to 75% in phase 2C.ConclusionsIt is possible to harmonize highly accurate 22C3 LDTs for both 1% and 50% tumor proportion score in NSCLC across many laboratories with different platforms. However, despite a centralized approach, diagnostic validation of predictive IHC LDTs can be challenging and not always successful.