tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The long and the short of it
Authors: Melissa Gitman
Journal: BMJ (2006)

It has been argued that medicine is not a profession for tall people, but I beg to differ.1 I would like to argue that medicine is, in fact, not meant for the short.



TOPFOTO



Imagine, you walk into a patient's room in your white coat with your identity tags dangling and your stethoscope around your neck. The patient takes one look and says, “You look way too small-young, where is the real doctor?” I have never understood how my height is supposed to influence my ability to listen to heart sounds, and perhaps I …
Careers in forensic and legal medicine
Authors: Roy Palmer, Richard Jones
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Forensic medicine is often seen as a glamorous yet morbid field of work, a myth perpetuated by television stars like the notorious Quincy, ME. But it's not all solving crimes and post mortems. Richard Jones and Roy Palmer describe the different career opportunities that bring the law and medicine together

If you are interested in the law, or the legal aspects of practising medicine, there are a number of highly satisfying medicolegal careers. You may have to do a lot of casework and use a variety of skills that you would not use in clinical medicine.

Forensic medicine combines knowledge of the law with that of various branches of medicine. You may have seen Dr Sam Ryan or Dr Quincy, ME, on television, working in that “most fascinating sphere of police work,” single handedly solving murders. The reality is somewhat different.

A forensic practitioner is someone who provides evidence for court proceedings (the word “forensic” is from the Latin “forensis,” a court or forum). Practising clinicians working mainly in clinical medicine may occasionally find themselves giving professional evidence of fact, or expert opinion reports, in personal injury (including medical negligence) claims, other civil cases (for example, family law cases), in criminal courts, or for the coroner. Some careers, however, allow a practitioner to spend more of their time dealing with medicolegal matters.



The ever popular Quincy



Perhaps the most instantly recognisable forensic medical practitioner is the forensic pathologist. Forensic pathology is a subspecialty of histopathology and morbid anatomy. The modern forensic pathologist spends much of his or her time carrying out “routine” autopsies for the coroner, to determine the cause in cases of sudden, violent, or unexpected death. Most of these deaths are due to natural causes--for example, severe coronary artery disease, intracranial haemorrhages, or ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms.

The …
Effect of carbapenem resistance on outcomes of bloodstream infection caused by Enterobacteriaceae in low-income and middle-income countries (PANORAMA): a multinational prospective cohort study
Authors: Andrew J Stewardson, Kalisvar Marimuthu, Sharmila Sengupta, Arthur Allignol, Maisra El-Bouseary, Maria J Carvalho, Brekhna Hassan, Monica A Delgado-Ramirez, Anita Arora, Ruchika Bagga, Alex K Owusu-Ofori, Joseph O Ovosi, Shamsudin Aliyu, Hala Saad, Souha S Kanj, Basudha Khanal, Balkrishna Bhattarai, Samir K Saha, Jamal Uddin, Purabi Barman, Latika Sharma, Tarek El-Banna, Rabaab Zahra, Mansab Ali Saleemi, Amarjeet Kaur, Kenneth Iregbu, Nkolika SC Uwaezuoke, Pierre Abi Hanna, Rita Feghali, Ana L Correa, Maria I Munera, Thi Anh Thu Le, Thi Thanh Nga Tran, Chimanjita Phukan, Chiranjita Phukan, Sandra L Valderrama-Beltrán, Carlos Alvarez-Moreno, Timothy R Walsh, Stephan Harbarth
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2019)
Viewpoint: Eating disorder wannabes
Authors: Deborah Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2007)

I first heard about “wannarexia” while sitting on a bus. A group of teenage girls were dissecting each of their classmates. One girl in particular received marked censure. “She's such a wannarexic,” said one. The others all agreed. Forced to admit that I was out of the loop with teen jargon I turned to the internet, the bible of youth trends.



Wannarexia is a pejorative term and, says Urban Dictionary (www.urbandictionary.com), is “an imaginary disease most commonly found amongst preteen to teenage, overweight females who claim to have the eating disorder …
Abstract 15352: Heart Healthy Living: A Community-Based Intervention to Achieve AHA 2020 Goals for African American Women
Authors: Aileen Sauris, Fatima Rodriguez, Patricia C Timmons, Yun Wang, JoAnne M Foody
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Cardiovascular (CV) disease remains the leading cause of death for women, and African American (AA) women suffer from a disproportionate burden of CV risk factors (RF). We developed a c...
Living and Dying
Authors: Suneeta Kochhar
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Living and Dying is a new exhibition that successfully uses the British Museum's ethnography collection to illustrate how people around the world deal with adversity in their lives. The exhibition considers how people achieve a state of wellbeing and how they consider death. Artefacts ranging from items from Sir Henry Wellcome's collection to contemporary paper sculptures show how wellbeing is often interpreted from an individual's viewpoint and the condition of the human body. Diagnosis and means of dealing with diseases are exemplified as intriguing objects.

Case studies from the Bolivian Andes to the Nicobar Islands highlight …
Keep your money: campaign instead
Authors: Stephen J Goldie
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Charity in the true sense of the word is fine with me. We should be generous and kind to others and ensure the wellbeing of our fellow man. What I really despise is the modern day “charity” which collects cold hard cash. The list of do gooders out there with one aim in mind-to take our money-is seemingly endless.

How have we allowed this to develop? Hospices funded almost exclusively by donations; research into the world's major killer diseases reliant upon trust funds and charitable contributions; children dependent on Royal Societies for protection from abuse. We deserve these essential roles to be provided as a matter of course, not on the whim of the benevolent. The United Kingdom is a rich country: we can afford a fleet of nuclear submarines and yet we have people sleeping in doorways and eating at Salvation Army soup kitchens.

I really am disgusted by the obscenity of professional charities. When I get off the underground, I do not want to buy a Big Issue and help the homeless. I do not believe that you should have to stand all day in the rain selling a product that nobody really wants to read.

Further along the street I may get harangued by a mob of overenthusiastic youths uniformed in coloured bibs. Anyone foolish enough to stop and engage in conversation with these salespeople is wasting their time and money. Ask them how much of your direct debit goes to pay their wages-did you really think that they were volunteers?

Medical research funding is split into three major sources: government, charity, and drug companies. Having hundreds of charities for important areas of research can only hinder work. Every year millions of pounds must be lying in accounts waiting for appropriate …
Reduced Cardio-Renal Function Accounts for Most of the In-Hospital Morbidity and Mortality Risk Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Giancarlo Marenzi, Nicola Cosentino, Stefano Genovese, Jeness Campodonico, Monica De Metrio, Maurizio Rondinelli, Stefano Cornara, Alberto Somaschini, Rita Camporotondo, Andrea Demarchi, Valentina Milazzo, Marco Moltrasio, Mara Rubino, Ivana Marana, Marco Grazi, Gianfranco Lauri, Alice Bonomi, Fabrizio Veglia, Gaetano M. De Ferrari, Antonio L. Bartorelli
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

OBJECTIVE ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) have higher in-hospital mortality than those without. Since cardiac and renal functions are the main variables associated with outcome in STEMI, we hypothesized that this prognostic disparity may depend on a higher rate of cardiac and renal dysfunction in DM patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 5,152 STEMI patients treated with primary angioplasty. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were evaluated at hospital admission. The primary end point was in-hospital mortality. A composite of in-hospital mortality, cardiogenic shock, and acute kidney injury was the secondary end point. RESULTS There were 879 patients (17%) with DM. The incidence of LVEF ≤40% (30% vs. 22%), eGFR ≤60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (27% vs. 18%), or both (12% vs. 6%) was higher (P &amp;lt; 0.001 for all comparisons) in DM patients. In-hospital mortality was higher in DM patients than in non-DM patients (6.1% vs. 3.5%; P = 0.002), with an unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.81 (95% CI 1.31–2.49; P &amp;lt; 0.001). However, DM was no longer associated with an increased mortality risk after adjustment for cardiac and renal function (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.68–1.56; P = 0.89). A similar behavior was observed for the secondary end point, with an unadjusted OR for DM of 1.52 (95% CI 1.25–1.85; P &amp;lt; 0.001) and an OR after adjustment for cardiac and renal function of 1.07 (95% CI 0.85–1.36; P = 0.53). CONCLUSIONS The study indicates that the increased in-hospital mortality and morbidity of DM patients with STEMI is mainly driven by their underlying cardio-renal dysfunction.
Concise Oxford Textbook of Medicine
Authors: James S Dawson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

As the Oxford textbook grows in size, edition after edition, two of its editors have come to realise that such an informative resource should be more accessible to junior members of the medical profession-namely, students and junior doctors.

While the organisation of chapters in this new text maintains the traditional format, the material has been revised and largely rewritten, references have been updated, and new illustrations …
We lost dozens
Authors: Balaji Ravichandran
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Morning, 26 December 2004. I was in Madurai on holiday with my parents and well away from the eastern coast of India when the tsunami struck. As each hour passed bringing more and more bad news, I was frantically calling my friends and relatives in Chennai, where we lived, hoping that the scale of the disaster was not as bad as the local media portrayed it. I was to understand otherwise.



PHOTOS.COM

Waves of discovery



By evening, when the scale of the devastation had become clearer, I expressed my desire to leave for Chennai the next day. My parents firmly refused. Being an only child in an Indian family is, more often than not, a …
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Noonan Syndrome Treated by MEK-Inhibition
Authors: Gregor Andelfinger, Christopher Marquis, Marie-Josée Raboisson, Yves Théoret, Stephan Waldmüller, Gesa Wiegand, Bruce D. Gelb, Martin Zenker, Marie-Ange Delrue, Michael Hofbeck
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
<scp>CD</scp> 11b <sup>+</sup> cells markedly express the itch cytokine interleukin‐31 in polymorphic light eruption
Authors: V. Patra, J. Strobl, A. Gruber‐Wackernagel, P. Vieyra‐Garcia, G. Stary, P. Wolf
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)
A systematic somatic mutation screen of 680Mb of renal cancer DNA
Authors: Gillian Dalgliesh, P. Futreal, Michael Stratton
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

4125  Renal cancer is the seventh most common cancer in males in the USA. Despite the frequency of this type of cancer, little is known about the genetic events which promote the growth of sporadic renal tumors. One notable exception is the VHL gene which has a deleterious somatic mutation in around two thirds of all clear cell renal cancers. Screening for somatic kinase gene mutations failed to find any additional genes with recurrent somatic mutations in renal cancer. It was the aim of this project to uncover genes which are somatically mutated in clear cell renal cancer by screening the coding exons of 3,825 genes in a collection of 101 DNA samples from 96 primary cancers and 5 renal cancer cell lines, each with a matched normal DNA sample. The gene set was derived from several sources including gene families where one member has previously been shown to be mutated in human cancer, genes resident in amplified regions of human cancer genomes, and genes found to be targeted in mouse mutagenesis screens for cancer. Over 300 somatic mutations were uncovered in the course of this screen. In line with our previous analysis of kinase gene mutations in renal cancer, this is a substantially lower mutation prevalence than that observed in cancers from other tissues. Several hundred genes were found to have at least one somatic mutation and in most cases these genes harbored only one or two somatic mutations. The mutation spectrum in renal cancers was found to be rather interesting. Deletion mutations, often localized to poly-nucleotide tracts, are more common than in other cancer types we previously screened, while the prevalence of C:G>T:A type substitutions was lower than observed in other cancer types. The scale of this sequencing project allowed both the mutation prevalence and spectrum of individual renal tumors to be studied in depth and allowed comparisons between primary tumors and renal cell lines. It is hoped that the mutations discovered in this large scale cancer screen will give a better understanding of the mutational events underlying the development of clear cell renal cancer.
Are you ready for the next influenza pandemic?
Authors: Ian De Silva, Nathan De Barr
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Imagine a deadly strain of influenza is sweeping across the country, and medical students are drafted in to help tackle this crisis. Would you be able to join the front line? If you think that students are immune from having to face such an event, then be aware that the UK Department of Health is considering recruitment of medical students as part of its strategy (see www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_080734). In particular, final year medical students could be waved through without taking final …
“Clean air in Europe: beyond the horizon?” Bert Brunekreef, Nino Künzli, Juha Pekkanen, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Bertil Forsberg, Torben Sigsgaard, Menno Keuken, Francesco Forastiere, Maeve Barry, Xavier Querol and Roy M. Harrison. Eur Respir J 2015; 45: 7–10.
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

The originally
NHS must lead innovation in digital medicine
Authors: Jeremias L K Reich, Kanay Khakhria
Journal: BMJ (2019)

We agree with the Topol review that the NHS must lead the innovation of digital medicine or it risks unintentional privatisation.1 An example of this is Babylon’s GP at Hand, currently forcing the Hammersmith and Fulham clinical commissioning group to adapt its spending.2

The article points out that implementing all recommendations of the Topol review might …
Severe chest pain radiating to the back
Authors: Balakrishnan Saravanan, D T Williams
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A 55 year old man presented to the emergency department with a two hour history of sudden onset chest pain radiating to his back. His past medical problems included hypertension, and he was a smoker.

Although initial observations were normal, within a few minutes he became drowsy, agitated, and started developing weakness of his left arm. The pulses in his left arm were absent.

All initial blood investigations, including cardiac enzymes, were within normal limits, with a haemoglobin concentration of 139 g/l. Twelve lead electrocardiography and chest radiography performed on admission were normal. Tests for cardiac enzymes were subsequently repeated, and results remained within normal limits.

An urgent computed tomogram of the chest and abdomen was performed (figs 1 and 2).



Fig 1 
Coronal reformat of computed tomogram of the chest at the level of aortic arch





Fig 2 
Transverse computed tomogram of the abdomen at the level of L1 vertebrae







Aortic dissection is a condition that needs the clinician's urgent attention and prompt treatment. The condition is twice as common in men as in women, with incidence greatest at ages 55-65. …
Antibodies as biomarker candidates for response and survival to checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma patients
Authors: Mirjam Fässler, Stefan Diem, Joanna Mangana, Omar Hasan Ali, Fiamma Berner, David Bomze, Sandra Ring, Rebekka Niederer, Cristina del Carmen Gil Cruz, Christian Ivan Pérez Shibayama, Michal Krolik, Marco Siano, Markus Joerger, Mike Recher, Lorenz Risch, Sabine Güsewell, Martin Risch, Daniel E. Speiser, Burkhard Ludewig, Mitchell P. Levesque, Reinhard Dummer, Lukas Flatz
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2019)

<h3>Background</h3> Long-term survival of stage IV melanoma patients has improved significantly with the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (CIs). Reliable biomarkers to predict response and clinical outcome are needed. <h3>Methods</h3> We investigated the role of melanoma-associated antibodies as predictive markers for CI therapy in two independent cohorts. In cohort 1, a prospective study, we measured specific antibodies before treatment, after one week and after six to nine weeks of treatment. Cohort 2 consisted of serum samples prior to CI therapy initiation. ELISA assays were performed to quantify specific IgG directed against melanocyte differentiation antigens tyrosinase-related proteins 1 and 2 (TRP1/TYRP1 and TRP2/TYRP2), glycoprotein 100 (gp100), MelanA/MART1, and the cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1. Response was defined as either complete or partial remission on CT scan according to RECIST 1.1. <h3>Results</h3> In cohort 1, baseline levels of these antibodies were higher in the responder group, although statistical significance was only reached for NY-ESO-1 (<i>p</i>&nbsp;= 0.007). In cohort 2, significantly higher antibody baseline levels for MelanA/MART1 (<i>p</i>&nbsp;= 0.003) and gp100 (<i>p</i>&nbsp;= 0.029) were found. After pooling the results from both cohorts, higher levels of MelanA/MART1 (<i>p</i>&nbsp;= 0.013), TRP1/TYRP1 (<i>p</i>&nbsp;= 0.048), TRP2/TYRP2 (<i>p</i>&nbsp;= 0.047) and NY-ESO-1 (<i>p</i>&nbsp;= 0.005) specific antibodies at baseline were independently associated with response. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Melanoma-associated antibodies may be candidate biomarkers for response and survival in metastatic melanoma patients being treated with CIs. These markers may be used to complement patient assessment, in combination with PD-L1 status, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor mutational burden, with the aim to predict outcome of CI treatment in patients with metastatic melanoma. <h3>Trial registration</h3> Ethikkommission Ostschweiz, EKOS 16/079 https://ongoingprojects.swissethics.ch/runningProjects_list.php?q=%28BASECID~contains~2016-00998%29&amp;orderby=dBASECID.
Abstract P1-05-05: eEF1A2 facilitates PTEN-GSK3β mediated Aurora-A protein degradation during S-G2 phase inactivated in PTEN-deficient breast cancer
Authors: W Treekitkarnmongkol, LM Solis, K Kai, AM Thompson, W Tian, II Wistuba, K Sasai, Y Jltsumori, AA Sahin, DH Hawke, JM Lee, L Qin, T Bawa-Khalfe, R Rad, KK Wong, CM Abbott, H Katayama, S Sen
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract The AURKA gene, encoding Aurora kinase-A (Aurora-A), is frequently amplified and overexpressed across multiple cancer types correlating with poor prognosis. Although the AURKA gene is frequently amplified in human cancers, underlying mechanism(s) for Aurora-A protein stability through different phases of cell cycle are not well elucidated. Inhibiting the kinase activity and promoting protein degradation are two well-validated conceptual strategies for targeting protein kinases in cancers. Here, we demonstrate that Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 1 Alpha 2 (eEF1A2) facilitates PTEN-GSK3β mediated Aurora-A protein degradation through the SCF complex (SKP1-Cul1-FBXW7) during the S/G2 phase of proliferating cells. In contrast, this mechanism is inactivated in cancer cells accompanying PTEN-GSK3β pathway deficiency. Mechanistically, eEF1A2 interacts with Aurora-A, GSK3β, FBXW7 and Cul1-E3 ligase, as the SCF complex, to facilitate Aurora-A polyubiquitination for 26S proteasomal degradation. eEF1A2 promotes PTEN phosphorylation at T366 and stability, inactivates AKT and activates GSK3β which in turn phosphorylates Aurora-A at S283, S284 and S342. The phosphorylation of Aurora-A at S342 is detected during S/G2 phase of cell mitosis in parallel with eEF1A2-SCF complex formation with active form of GSK3β and neddylated Cul1. Conversely, genetic ablation of EEF1A2 and PTEN, activation of AKT, inhibition of GSK3β, expression of Aurora-A phosphodeficient-mutant attenuates the Aurora-A protein degradation which is corroborated in Aurora-A overexpressing mouse mammary carcinomas and human breast carcinomas. This study identifies a novel mechanism of Aurora-A protein degradation mediated eEF1A2-PTEN-GSK3β pathway and provides a framework for the discovery of Aurora-A therapeutic targets in breast cancer that harbors deficiency of PTEN tumor suppressor pathway. Citation Format: Treekitkarnmongkol W, Solis LM, Kai K, Thompson AM, Tian W, Wistuba II, Sasai K, Jltsumori Y, Sahin AA, Hawke DH, Lee JM, Qin L, Bawa-Khalfe T, Rad R, Wong KK, Abbott CM, Katayama H, Sen S. eEF1A2 facilitates PTEN-GSK3β mediated Aurora-A protein degradation during S-G2 phase inactivated in PTEN-deficient breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-05-05.