tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Five-year review of incidence and characteristics of breast cancer referrals to the Mid-Western Cancer Centre, Ireland
Authors: M. J. Higgins, B. Woulfe, R. K. Gupta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

11084 Background: There are no detailed reports of the epidemiological patterns of Irish breast cancer (BC) patients. The Midwestern cancer centre (MWCC) opened in 2001 and serves an unscreened population of approximately 340,000. We sought to characterise the age, histology, stage and outcome of all newly diagnosed BC patients referred to the MWCC over a 5 year period. Methods: All referrals between January 1 2001 and December 31 2005 were included. We collated information from patient charts, hospital information systems and the Medical Oncology database. Status as of November 1 2006 was established from the database and liaison with local surgical, palliative and primary care services. Results: 505 (504 female, 1 male) referrals of new invasive or non-invasive BC were received in the 5 year period. Of these, 14 were diagnosed with bilateral BC. There were 14 cases of non-invasive BC. Age at diagnosis ranged from 23 to 90 years (y) with an average of 56 and median of 55.3y. Of the 499 breast cancers that were staged at diagnosis, 452 (90.6%) had locoregional disease (AJCC stage IIIC or less) while 47 (9.4%) had distant metastases. Results of pathological analyses of the tumours are shown in table . HER2neu status was not routinely tested in our institution during the review period. Patients were treated according to standard adjuvant or palliative protocols. Follow up data is available for 471 patients with a median length of follow up of 35 months. The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program in the USA in a similar time frame (2000–2003) found a median age at diagnosis of BC of 61y in whites with only 5% of these patients having distant spread at time of diagnosis. Conclusions: We present unique and recent epidemiology of BC patients in Ireland’s Midwest. Initial comparison to SEER data suggests that our patients are younger with higher stage disease at diagnosis. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
End-of-Life Care Received by Physicians Compared With Nonphysicians
Authors: Hannah Wunsch, Damon Scales, Hayley B. Gershengorn, May Hua, Andrea D. Hill, Longdi Fu, Therese A. Stukel, Gordon Rubenfeld, Robert A. Fowler
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

The idea that physicians as patients choose less-aggressive care at the end of life for themselves is an often-cited rationale to advocate for less technology-laden end-of-life care.To assess end-of-life care received by physicians compared with nonphysicians in a system with universal health care.In this population-level decedent cohort study of data from April 1, 2004, through March 31, 2015 (fiscal years 2004-2014), in Ontario, Canada, 2507 physicians were matched approximately 1:3 to 7513 nonphysicians (ie, individuals who never were registered as a physician with the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario) according to age, sex, income quintile, and location of residence.The primary outcome was location of death. Other outcomes included measures of health care use in the last 6 months of life. Differences were assessed using Poisson regression with robust error variances, adjusting for the Charlson Comorbidity Index.In total, 2516 physicians and 954 836 nonphysicians died between April 1, 2004, and March 31, 2015, in Ontario; 2247 physicians (89.3%) and 474 182 nonphysicians (49.7%) were men. The median (interquartile range) age at death was 82 (74-87) years for the physicians and 80 (68-87) years for the nonphysicians. After matching, data for 2507 physicians and 7513 nonphysicians were analyzed. For physicians, the risk of death at home was no different from that for nonphysicians (42.8% vs 39.0%; adjusted relative risk [aRR], 1.04; 95% CI, 0.99-1.09), but the risk of death in an intensive care unit was increased (11.9% vs 10.0%; aRR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.08-1.39). In the prior 6 months, physicians had a decreased risk of an emergency department visit (73.0% vs 78.4%; aRR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94-0.98) but increased risks of an intensive care unit admission (20.8% vs 19.1%; aRR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05-1.24) and of receipt of palliative care services (52.9% vs 47.4%; aRR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.13-1.23). Among a subgroup of 457 physicians and 1347 nonphysicians with cancer, the risk of death at home or intensive care unit was increased (37.6% vs 28.6%; aRR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.13-1.50), as was the risk of receiving chemotherapy in the last 6 months of life.There was no difference overall for physicians compared with nonphysicians in terms of the likelihood of dying at home; physicians were more likely to die in an intensive care unit and to receive chemotherapy, but also to receive palliative care services. These findings suggest that physicians do not consistently opt for less-aggressive care but instead receive end-of-life care that includes both intensive and palliative care. These findings inform a more nuanced perspective of what physicians may perceive to be optimal care at the end of life.
Paradox-Breaking RAF Inhibitors that Also Target SRC Are Effective in Drug-Resistant BRAF Mutant Melanoma
Authors: Maria Romina Girotti, Filipa Lopes, Natasha Preece, Dan Niculescu-Duvaz, Alfonso Zambon, Lawrence Davies, Steven Whittaker, Grazia Saturno, Amaya Viros, Malin Pedersen, Bart M.J.M. Suijkerbuijk, Delphine Menard, Robert McLeary, Louise Johnson, Laura Fish, Sarah Ejiama, Berta Sanchez-Laorden, Juliane Hohloch, Neil Carragher, Kenneth Macleod, Garry Ashton, Anna A. Marusiak, Alberto Fusi, John Brognard, Margaret Frame, Paul Lorigan, Richard Marais, Caroline Springer
Journal: Cancer Cell (2017)

(Cancer Cell 27, 85–96, January 12, 2015) The authors have noted an error in Figure 6A of the originally published version of this article. The image for pERK (top right panel) was incorrectly duplicated from Figure 4E (top right panel). The corrected Figure 6 is shown here. This error does not alter the original conclusions of the study, but the authors wish to apologize for this oversight and any confusion that may have resulted. Paradox-Breaking RAF Inhibitors that Also Target SRC Are Effective in Drug-Resistant BRAF Mutant MelanomaGirotti et al.Cancer CellDecember 11, 2014In BriefGirotti et al. describe two pan-RAF inhibitors that also inhibit SRC-family kinases. These compounds do not drive paradoxical MEK/ERK activation and can inhibit MEK in NRAS mutant cells. Moreover, the agents can overcome resistance to clinical BRAF or combination BRAF/MEK inhibitors in patient-derived xenografts. Full-Text PDF Open Access
Efficacy and safety of intermittent preventive treatment and intermittent screening and treatment versus single screening and treatment with dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine for the control of malaria in pregnancy in Indonesia: a cluster-randomised, open-label, superiority trial
Authors: Rukhsana Ahmed, Jeanne R Poespoprodjo, Din Syafruddin, Carole Khairallah, Cheryl Pace, Theda Lukito, Sylvia S Maratina, Puji B S Asih, Maria A Santana-Morales, Emily R Adams, Vera T Unwin, Christopher T Williams, Tao Chen, James Smedley, Duolao Wang, Brian Faragher, Richard N Price, Feiko O ter Kuile
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2019)

Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections are important causes of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the Asia-Pacific region. We hypothesised that monthly intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) or intermittent screening and treatment (IST) with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine is more effective in reducing malaria in pregnancy than the existing single screening and treatment (SST) strategy, which is used to screen women for malaria infections at the first antenatal visit followed by passive case detection, with management of febrile cases.
Tumor‐derived exosomes (TDEs): How to avoid the sting in the tail
Authors: MeiHua Wan, Bo Ning, Sarah Spiegel, Christopher J. Lyon, Tony Y. Hu
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2019)

Abstract Exosomes are abundantly secreted extracellular vesicles that accumulate in the circulation and are of great interest for disease diagnosis and evaluation since their contents reflects the phenotype of their cell of origin. Tumor‐derived exosomes (TDEs) are of particular interest for cancer diagnosis and therapy, since most tumor demonstrate highly elevated exosome secretion rates and provide specific information about the genotype of a tumor and its response to treatment. TDEs also contain regulatory factors that can alter the phenotypes of local and distant tissue sites and alter immune cell functions to promote tumor progression. The abundance, information content, regulatory potential, in vivo half‐life, and physical durability of exosomes suggest that TDEs may represent a superior source of diagnostic biomarkers and treatment targets than other materials currently under investigation. This review will summarize current information on mechanisms that may differentially regulate TDE biogenesis, TDE effects on the immune system that promote tumor survival, growth, and metastasis, and new approaches understudy to counteract or utilize TDE properties in cancer therapies.
Therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound: rationally progressing
Authors: Stefan Seewald, Tiing Leong Ang
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

In 1997, Gerolami et al. published a case series of four patients wherein the clinical value of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in guiding the decision to perform endoscopic drainage was clearly demonstrated [1]. On the one hand, EUS could clearly identify intervening blood vessels in the gut wall and establish a clear contraindication to endoscopic drainage of a pseudocyst with intraluminal bulging. On the other hand, for cases of pseudocysts without an intraluminal bulge, EUS was useful in establishing the feasibility of endoscopic drainage and identifying the site of puncture. In this paper, a radial echoendoscope was used and therefore real-time guidance of the entire drainage procedure could not be performed. Instead, after EUS had identified the optimum site of puncture, a biopsy forceps was inserted through the instrument channel of the echoendoscope and mucosal biopsies were taken at this site in order to mark out the location of the intended puncture site. The echoendoscope was then exchanged for a duodenoscope, which was used for the drainage procedure. Earlier, in 1992, Grimm et al. had demonstrated in their case report that a linear echoendoscope could be used to provide real-time guidance of endoscopic drainage, from initial needle puncture to guidewire insertion [2]. In those days, only a diagnostic linear echoendoscope with a 2 mm instrument channel was available, and hence a stent could not be inserted through the echoendoscope. The echoendoscope had to be exchanged for a duodenoscope for stent insertion. Soon after in 1998, Vilmann et al. published their experience using a prototype therapeutic linear echoendoscope with a larger instrument channel of 3.2 mm [3]. This allowed the insertion of an 8.5 Fr double-pigtail stent after needle puncture and guidewire insertion, without the need to exchange for a duodenoscope.
Quality Assessment of a Systematic Review for HIV Infection and Advanced-Stage Cancer
Authors: Tanjila Taskin, Gladys Ibañez, Purnima Madhivanan
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
A prospective cohort study on the pharmacokinetics of nivolumab in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, and renal cell cancer patients
Authors: Daan P. Hurkmans, Edwin A. Basak, Tanja van Dijk, Darlene Mercieca, Marco W. J. Schreurs, Annemarie J. M. Wijkhuijs, Sander Bins, Esther Oomen-de Hoop, Reno Debets, Markus Joerger, Arlette Odink, Astrid A. M. van der Veldt, Cor H. van der Leest, Joachim G. J. V. Aerts, Ron H. J. Mathijssen, Stijn L. W. Koolen
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2019)

<h3>Background</h3> Nivolumab is administered in a weight-based or fixed-flat dosing regimen. For patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a potential exposure-response relationship has recently been reported and may argue against the current dosing strategies. The primary objectives were to determine nivolumab pharmacokinetics (PK) and to assess the relationship between drug clearance and clinical outcome in NSCLC, melanoma, and renal cell cancer (RCC). <h3>Methods</h3> In this prospective observational cohort study, individual estimates of nivolumab clearance and the impact of baseline covariates were determined using a population-PK model. Clearance was related to best overall response (RECISTv1.1), and stratified by tumor type. <h3>Results</h3> Two-hundred-twenty-one patients with metastatic cancer receiving nivolumab-monotherapy were included of whom 1,715 plasma samples were analyzed. Three baseline parameters had a significant effect on drug clearance and were internally validated in the population-PK model: gender, BSA, and serum albumin. Women had 22% lower clearance compared to men, while the threshold of BSA and albumin that led to &gt; 20% increase of clearance was &gt; 2.2m<sup>2</sup> and &lt; 37.5 g/L, respectively. For NSCLC, drug clearance was 42% higher in patients with progressive disease (mean: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.22–0.27 L/day) compared to patients with partial/complete response&nbsp;(mean: 0.17;&nbsp;95% CI: 0.15–0.19&nbsp;L/day). A similar trend was observed in RCC, however, no clearance-response relationship was observed in melanoma. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Based on the first real-world population-PK model of nivolumab, covariate analysis revealed a significant effect of gender, BSA, and albumin on nivolumab clearance. A clearance-response relationship was observed in NSCLC, with a non-significant trend in RCC, but not in melanoma. Individual pharmacology of nivolumab in NSCLC appears important and should be prospectively studied.
Image Gallery: Kerions involving the periorificial, perinasal regions, left upper eyelid and scalp: an unusual presentation of <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> infection
Authors: Y. Tian, J. Liao, S. Luo, X. Wang, J. Zhang, G. Zhang, H. Long
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

Funding sources: this work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81773334, 81703133, 81502734), Hu‐Xiang Talents Program of Science‐Technology Department of Hunan Province (2018RS3031), and Outstanding Innovation Talents Program of Changsha Science‐Technology Bureau (kq1802002). Conflicts of interest: none to declare. ...
Association of Preterm Births Among US Latina Women With the 2016 Presidential Election
Authors: Alison Gemmill, Ralph Catalano, Joan A. Casey, Deborah Karasek, Héctor E. Alcalá, Holly Elser, Jacqueline M. Torres
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

<h3>Importance</h3> The circumstances surrounding the 2016 US presidential election have been proposed as a significant stressor in the lives of the US Latino population. Few studies to date, however, have evaluated the population health implications of the election for Latina mothers and their children. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether preterm births (gestational age, &lt;37 weeks) among US Latina women increased above expected levels after the 2016 US presidential election. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> In this national population-based study, an interrupted time series design, used to evaluate whether policies or other population-level changes interrupt a trend in an outcome, compared monthly counts of preterm births to Latina women after the 2016 presidential election with the number expected had the election not taken place. Women residing in the United States who had singleton births during the study period were included. Counts of singleton term and preterm births by month and race/ethnicity from January 1, 2009, through July 30, 2017 (32 860 727 live births), were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wonder online database. These methods were applied separately to male and female births. Data were analyzed from November 8, 2018, through May 7, 2019. <h3>Exposures</h3> Pregnancy in the 2016 US presidential election. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The number of male and female preterm births based on the last menstrual period. <h3>Results</h3> Among the 32 860 727 live births recorded during the study period, 11.0% of male and 9.6% of female births to Latina women were preterm compared with 10.2% and 9.3%, respectively, to other women. In the 9-month period beginning with November 2016, an additional 1342 male (95% CI, 795-1889) and 995 female (95% CI, 554-1436) preterm births to Latina women were found above the expected number of preterm births had the election not occurred. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The 2016 US presidential election appears to have been associated with an increase in preterm births among US Latina women. Anti-immigration policies have been proposed and enforced in the aftermath of the 2016 presidential election; future research should evaluate the association of these actions with population health.
Embryonic FAP+ lymphoid tissue organizer cells generate the reticular network of adult lymph nodes
Authors: Alice E. Denton, Edward J. Carr, Lukasz P. Magiera, Andrew J.B. Watts, Douglas T. Fearon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2019)

The induction of adaptive immunity is dependent on the structural organization of LNs, which is in turn governed by the stromal cells that underpin LN architecture. Using a novel fate-mapping mouse model, we trace the developmental origin of mesenchymal LN stromal cells (mLNSCs) to a previously undescribed embryonic fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP)+ progenitor. FAP+ cells of the LN anlagen express lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), but not intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), suggesting they are early mesenchymal lymphoid tissue organizer (mLTo) cells. Clonal labeling shows that FAP+ progenitors locally differentiate into mLNSCs. This process is also coopted in nonlymphoid tissues in response to infection to facilitate the development of tertiary lymphoid structures, thereby mimicking the process of LN ontogeny in response to infection.
Results of a randomized double-blind clinical trial of Shugan-liangxue prescription for relieving hot flashes in breast cancer patients
Authors: P. Li, H. Sun
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

9086 Background: Hot flashes are a common side effect for BC pts during endocrine treatment. An oral solution of TCM is prescribed for the purpose of clearing heat and cooling blood. There is no phytoestrogen in TCM compound and each herbal with luciferase activity detection. 66 patients involved in the study from October 2004 to November 2006. Methods: A placebo controlled randomized double blind clinical trial was designed. The endpoint is hot flashes relieving. The second point is improving the sleeping disturbance. Sample numbers designed by statistician. Daily average of hot flashes was recorded by pts for a week as a baseline. The age, ER and PR status, hot flashes scores were distributed approximately equal between the two groups. Hot flashes scores were evaluated according to Kupperman menopausal index (KI). TCM or placebo liquid (100ml) was administrated orally three times a day for 3 weeks by a randomized envelope method. Results: Total 66 patients were evaluated. For hot flashes in placebo group 69.7%(23/33) no change, 30.3%(10/33) relieved, no pts report symptom disappear. There are 42.4%(14/33) hot flashes no change, 42.4 % (14/33) relieved, 15.2 %(5/33) hot flashes disappearance in TCM group (P=0.006). For sleeping disturbance in placebo group is 60.6%(20/33) no change, 39.4%(13/33) sleep improvement. In TCM group is 36.4%(12/33) no change, 63.6%(21/33) sleep improvement (P=0.049). Conclusions: According to the principle of TCM treatment hot flashes and ER and/or PR positive BC endocrine treatment characteristic, the TCM prescription is effective in alleviating tamoxifen-induced hot flashes and sleep disturbance while there is no phytoestrogen. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Analysis of Over 140,000 European Descendants Identifies Genetically Predicted Blood Protein Biomarkers Associated with Prostate Cancer Risk
Authors: Lang Wu, Xiang Shu, Jiandong Bao, Xingyi Guo, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Christopher A. Haiman, Rosalind A. Eeles, Wei Zheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Several blood protein biomarkers have been associated with prostate cancer risk. However, most studies assessed only a small number of biomarkers and/or included a small sample size. To identify novel protein biomarkers of prostate cancer risk, we studied 79,194 cases and 61,112 controls of European ancestry, included in the PRACTICAL/ELLIPSE consortia, using genetic instruments of protein quantitative trait loci for 1,478 plasma proteins. A total of 31 proteins were associated with prostate cancer risk including proteins encoded by GSTP1, whose methylation level was shown previously to be associated with prostate cancer risk, and MSMB, SPINT2, IGF2R, and CTSS, which were previously implicated as potential target genes of prostate cancer risk variants identified in genome-wide association studies. A total of 18 proteins inversely correlated and 13 positively correlated with prostate cancer risk. For 28 of the identified proteins, gene somatic changes of short indels, splice site, nonsense, or missense mutations were detected in patients with prostate cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that relevant genes were significantly enriched in cancer-related pathways. In conclusion, this study identifies 31 candidates of protein biomarkers for prostate cancer risk and provides new insights into the biology and genetics of prostate tumorigenesis. SIGNIFICANCE: Integration of genomics and proteomics data identifies biomarkers associated with prostate cancer risk.
UK’s salt reduction deal with industry is linked to extra heart disease and stroke cases, research finds
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2019)

The government’s voluntary pact with the food industry, which aims to reduce salt content, may have contributed to 9900 additional cases of heart disease or stroke and 1500 cases of stomach cancer from 2011 to 2018, new research has concluded.1

The study looked at the impact of the public health responsibility deal, introduced in England in 2011, which gave the food industry greater freedom to set and monitor targets for salt intake.

Researchers found that, after the deal, yearly declines in salt intake fell significantly, and they estimated that this could be responsible for thousands of extra cases of conditions associated with excess dietary salt. They have now called for Public Health England to implement a more robust policy.

Before …