tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Addressing the public mental health challenge of COVID-19
Authors: Jonathan Campion, Afzal Javed, Norman Sartorius, Michael Marmot
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2020)

patients and their families during the recovery process via various online platforms.Digital health care can be personalised to daily life 1,8 by the direct delivery of psychological treatment to patients-an avenue that also addresses cost and stigma-related barriers to health care. 5rom a research perspective, digital technology provides an efficient and cost-effective way to recruit patients and provide easy access to care, particularly in this time of physical distancing. 1 The high use of mobile phones in LMICs 9 presents health-care planners and researchers with opportunities to develop or adapt virtual preventive and treatment interventions that have been successful in HICs, to minimise the mental health consequences of COVID-19.However, despite the incentives to increase uptake of digital health, an important caveat is the possible lack of access for vulnerable people needing health care.To address this limitation, the Lancet Commission on global mental health recommended adoption of digital interventions alongside traditional treatments, rather than as replacements. 4he psychosocial burden of COVID-19 will become increasingly evident in the coming months as the effects of social measures such as physical distancing, loneliness, death of friends and family members, and job losses manifest.Efforts to respond to these mental health needs present researchers with an important oppor tunity to build on what we know and advance progress in achieving the mental health objectives of universal health coverage.I declare no competing interests.
Proceeding report of the Fourth Symposium on Hidradenitis Suppurativa Advances 2019
Authors: Shanthi Narla, Kyla N. Price, Muskaan Sachdeva, Monica Shah, Vivian Shi, Iltefat Hamzavi, Afsaneh Alavi, Michelle A. Lowes
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)

The Fourth Annual Symposium on Hidradenitis Suppurativa (SHSA) took place on November 1-3, 2019, at the Westin Book Cadillac Hotel in Detroit, Michigan. This symposium was a joint meeting of the US Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation and the Canadian Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation. This cross-disciplinary meeting with experts from around the world was an opportunity to discuss the most recent advances in the study of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) pathogenesis, clinical trials, classification, scoring systems, complementary/alternative medical treatments, diet, pain management, surgical and laser treatment, and ultrasonographic assessment. A special preconference workshop was held on the use of neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser hair reduction, sinus tract deroofing, and carbon dioxide laser excision with ultrasonographic mapping and tumescent anesthesia for the treatment of HS. The focused workshops on establishing an HS clinic, setting up an HS support group, the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Prospective Observational Registry and Biospecimen Repository, and wound care were held during the meeting. A special program called HS Ambassadors was established for patients who may have questions about the conference presentations, and in addition, a meet and greet for patients and HS Ambassadors was arranged. To facilitate networking between those early in their careers and clinical and research experts, a mentoring reception was held.
Abstract 15694: Automated Guidance and Image Capture of Echocardiographic Views Using a Deep Learning-Derived Technology
Authors: Baljash Cheema, Ching Hsieh, David Adams, Akhil Narang, James D Thomas
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Deep learning (DL) can automate cardiac chamber quantification, but algorithms to automate image capture of standard echo views are lacking. This could allow for rapid image acquisiti...
Prostate Cancer Lymphangitic Pulmonary Carcinomatosis
Authors: Katherine A. Zukotynski, Hossein Jadvar, Kylea Potvin, Steve Y. Cho, Chun Ki Kim, Eric Winquist
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract A 51-year-old man diagnosed with high-grade, high-volume metastatic castration-sensitive prostate adenocarcinoma received pelvic radiation, androgen deprivation therapy, and intravenous docetaxel. Serum prostate-specific antigen became undetectable following treatment. Within a year, his cancer progressed to castration-resistant disease, and he was treated with oral abiraterone acetate 1000 mg and prednisone 10 mg daily. Despite this, the serum prostate-specific antigen rose from 0.03 to 1.39 μg/L, and 18 F-DCFPyL and 18 F-FDG PET/CT showed progression. While 18 F-DCFPyL uptake may be seen in aggressive disease, 18 F-FDG portends poor prognosis. Despite intravenous platinum-based chemotherapy, the patient died of respiratory failure 20 months after his initial diagnosis.
British Society for Cutaneous Allergy advice on skin damage from FFP3 masks
Authors: Deirdre Buckley, Natalie Stone
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Payne writes of the cutaneous lesions arising in healthcare workers wearing FFP3 masks, including erosions of the nasal bridge and cheeks.1 A recent survey of 542 frontline medical staff treating patients with covid-19 in Hubei Province, China, identified identical mask related symptoms of the face or hand dermatitis in 97%.2

The British Society for Cutaneous Allergy …
Glutamine depletion regulates Slug to promote EMT and metastasis in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Maria Victoria Recouvreux, Matthew R. Moldenhauer, Koen M.O. Galenkamp, Michael Jung, Brian James, Yijuan Zhang, Andrew Lowy, Anindya Bagchi, Cosimo Commisso
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)

Tumor cells rely on glutamine to fulfill their metabolic demands and sustain proliferation. The elevated consumption of glutamine can lead to intratumoral nutrient depletion, causing metabolic stress that has the potential to impact tumor progression. Here, we show that nutrient stress caused by glutamine deprivation leads to the induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that glutamine deficiency regulates EMT through the up-regulation of the EMT master regulator Slug, a process that is dependent on both MEK/ERK signaling and ATF4. We find that Slug is required in PDAC cells for glutamine deprivation–induced EMT, cell motility, and nutrient stress survival. Importantly, we decipher that Slug is associated with nutrient stress in PDAC tumors and is required for metastasis. These results delineate a novel role for Slug in the nutrient stress response and provide insight into how nutrient depletion might influence PDAC progression.
Severe COVID-19-associated pneumonia in 3 patients with systemic sclerosis treated with rituximab
Authors: Jérôme Avouac, Paolo Airó, Nicolas Carlier, Marco Matucci-Cerinic, Yannick Allanore
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

The case reported by Guilpain et al attracted our attention. This case of granulomatosis with polyangiitis on immunosuppressants, including recent maintenance therapy with rituximab (RTX), developed a severe and life-threatening coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease 2019 (COVID-19). The particularity of this observation was the occurrence of a more progressive worsening than observed in most series.1 Herein, we report the observation of three patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) routinely treated with RTX who were affected by COVID-19 and who also experienced a late clinical worsening to severe pneumonia. RTX is often used off-label in patients with SSc mainly for refractory skin, musculoskeletal or interstitial lung disease. Observational studies reported a safety profile similar to that reported in rheumatoid arthritis.2 

Their main disease characteristics are presented in table 1. Patient 1 had early diffuse cutaneous SSc, with positive RNA polymerase-3 antibodies, and severe cutaneous involvement (peak modified Rodnan Skin Score at 32/51) as the main clinical involvement. Patient 2 had long-lasting limited cutaneous SSc with recurrent digital ulcers and inflammatory arthritis as the main disease manifestations. Patient 3 had a limited cutaneous subset evolving from 2 years, with positive RNA polymerase-3 antibodies and persisting arthritis. None of these patients had interstitial lung disease and primary or secondary heart involvement. Regarding the main comorbidities, patient 1 was treated for high blood pressure by perindopril, furosemide and lercanidipine, and patient 2 had chronic renal insufficiency and history …
Human resident gut microbe <i>Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron</i> regulates colonic neuronal innervation and neurogenic function
Authors: Rubina Aktar, Nabil Parkar, Regis Stentz, Lucas Baumard, Aimee Parker, Andrew Goldson, Arlaine Brion, Simon Carding, Ashley Blackshaw, Madusha Peiris
Journal: Gut Microbes (2020)

Background and aims As the importance of gut–brain interactions increases, understanding how specific gut microbes interact with the enteric nervous system (ENS), which is the first point of neuronal exposure becomes critical. Our aim was to understand how the dominant human gut bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt) regulates anatomical and functional characteristics of the ENS.Methods Neuronal cell populations, as well as enteroendocrine cells, were assessed in proximal colonic sections using fluorescent immunohistochemistry in specific pathogen-free (SPF), germ-free (GF) and Bt conventionalized-germ-free mice (Bt-CONV). RNA expression of tight junction proteins and toll-like receptors (TLR) were measured using qPCR. Colonic motility was analyzed using in vitro colonic manometry.Results Decreased neuronal and vagal afferent innervation observed in GF mice was normalized by Bt-CONV with increased neuronal staining in mucosa and myenteric plexus. Bt-CONV also restored expression of nitric oxide synthase expressing inhibitory neurons and of choline acetyltransferase and substance P expressing excitatory motor neurons comparable to those of SPF mice. Neurite outgrowth and glial cells were upregulated by Bt-CONV. RNA expression of tight junction protein claudin 3 was downregulated while TLR2 was upregulated by Bt-CONV. The enteroendocrine cell subtypes L-cells and enterochromaffin cells were reduced in GF mice, with Bt-CONV restoring L-cell numbers. Motility as measured by colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMCs) increased in GF and Bt-CONV.Conclusion Bt, common gut bacteria, is critical in regulating enteric neuronal and enteroendocrine cell populations, and neurogenic colonic activity. This highlights the potential use of this resident gut bacteria for maintaining healthy gut function.
Automatic estimation of aortic and mitral valve displacements in dynamic CTA with 4D graph-cuts
Authors: Juan E. Ortuño, Gonzalo Vegas-Sánchez-Ferrero, Juan J. Gómez-Valverde, Marcus Y. Chen, Andrés Santos, Elliot R. McVeigh, María J. Ledesma-Carbayo
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2020)

The location of the mitral and aortic valves in dynamic cardiac imaging is useful for extracting functional derived parameters such as ejection fraction, valve excursions, and global longitudinal strain, and when performing anatomical structures tracking using slice following or valve intervention's planning. Completely automatic segmentation methods are still challenging tasks because of their fast movements and the different positions that prevent good visibility of the leaflets along the full cardiac cycle. In this article, we propose a processing pipeline to track the displacement of the aortic and mitral valve annuli from high-resolution cardiac four-dimensional computed tomographic angiography (4D-CTA). The proposed method is based on the dynamic separation of left ventricle, left atrium and aorta using statistical shape modeling and an energy minimization algorithm based on graph-cuts and has been evaluated on a set of 15 electrocardiography-gated 4D-CTAs. We report a mean agreement distance between manual annotations and our proposed method of 2.52±1.06 mm for the mitral annulus and 2.00±0.69 mm for the aortic valve annulus based on valve locations detected from manual anatomical landmarks. In addition, we show the effect of detecting the valvular planes on derived functional parameters (ejection fraction, global longitudinal strain, and excursions of the mitral and aortic valves).
GeneRax: A Tool for Species-Tree-Aware Maximum Likelihood-Based Gene Family Tree Inference under Gene Duplication, Transfer, and Loss
Authors: Benoit Morel, Alexey M Kozlov, Alexandros Stamatakis, Gergely J Szöllősi
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2020)

Inferring phylogenetic trees for individual homologous gene families is difficult because alignments are often too short, and thus contain insufficient signal, while substitution models inevitably fail to capture the complexity of the evolutionary processes. To overcome these challenges, species-tree-aware methods also leverage information from a putative species tree. However, only few methods are available that implement a full likelihood framework or account for horizontal gene transfers. Furthermore, these methods often require expensive data preprocessing (e.g., computing bootstrap trees) and rely on approximations and heuristics that limit the degree of tree space exploration. Here, we present GeneRax, the first maximum likelihood species-tree-aware phylogenetic inference software. It simultaneously accounts for substitutions at the sequence level as well as gene level events, such as duplication, transfer, and loss relying on established maximum likelihood optimization algorithms. GeneRax can infer rooted phylogenetic trees for multiple gene families, directly from the per-gene sequence alignments and a rooted, yet undated, species tree. We show that compared with competing tools, on simulated data GeneRax infers trees that are the closest to the true tree in 90% of the simulations in terms of relative Robinson-Foulds distance. On empirical data sets, GeneRax is the fastest among all tested methods when starting from aligned sequences, and it infers trees with the highest likelihood score, based on our model. GeneRax completed tree inferences and reconciliations for 1,099 Cyanobacteria families in 8 min on 512 CPU cores. Thus, its parallelization scheme enables large-scale analyses. GeneRax is available under GNU GPL at https://github.com/BenoitMorel/GeneRax (last accessed June 17, 2020).
Transanal minimally invasive surgery after incomplete resection of a rectal polyp using a full-thickness resection device
Authors: Javier Valdés-Hernández, Auxiliadora Cano, Manuel Rodriguez-Tellez, Juan Carlos Gómez-Rosado, Fernando Oliva Mompean
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

There are many alternatives for minimally invasive treatment of early colorectal lesions in the rectum. Endoscopic approaches include endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), endoscopic submucosal resection (ESR), or endoscopic full-thickness resection (eFTR) using the full-thickness resection device (FTRD; Ovesco), which is an alternative after incomplete endoscopic resection, in high risk patients, and for lesions with difficult endoscopic access [1]. Minimally invasive surgical alternatives, such as transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) and transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS), are also available [2] [3].
探测外周血管畸形患者随时间的生活质量变化: OVAMA 项目
Authors: M.M. Lokhorst, S.E.R. Horbach, M. Waner, T.M. O, C.J.M. Vleuten, L.B. Mokkink, C.M.A.M. Horst, P.I. Spuls
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

血管畸形是一组罕见的先天性(出生时存在的)血管畸形。它们大多可见,为与正常皮肤颜色不同的凹凸不平的肿块,可导致面部毁容或身体的外观缺陷。 患者经常出现疼痛、身体损伤、出血和心理社会问题,导致其总体生活质量较差。因此,治疗的一个主要目标是提高他们的生活质量。生活质量是通过由患者填写的调查问卷来衡量的。 为了确定患者的生活质量在治疗后是改善了还是恶化了,调查问卷要能够探测出随着时间的推移发生的变化,这是至关重要的。从来没有人研究过生活质量调查问卷是否可以探测出血管畸形患者中的变化。因此,无法评估目前的治疗是否真的改善了这些患者的生活质量。 这项来自荷兰和美国的研究旨在查明两个广泛使用的生活质量调查问卷“SF‐36”和“Skindex‐29”是否能够探测出血管畸形患者中的变化。67 名患者在两个时间点填写了这两份调查问卷。一组在两个时间点之间接受治疗,另一组则没有这样做。 在第二次填写这两份调查问卷时,患者还被问及他们在生活质量方面是否经历了变化。要确定这些调查问卷能够探测出变化,预期在经历的变化与调查问卷分数的变化之间应存在一定的相关性。对于这两份调查问卷,都没有找到期望的相关性。 作者的结论是,必须找到或编制其他问卷,以正确探测出血管畸形患者生活质量的变化。 本摘要涉及研究: 在外周血管畸形患者中生活质量测量的灵敏性: OVAMA 项目
Prediction model of bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer: BEST-J score
Authors: Waku Hatta, Yosuke Tsuji, Toshiyuki Yoshio, Naomi Kakushima, Shu Hoteya, Hisashi Doyama, Yasuaki Nagami, Takuto Hikichi, Masakuni Kobayashi, Yoshinori Morita, Tetsuya Sumiyoshi, Mikitaka Iguchi, Hideomi Tomida, Takuya Inoue, Tomoyuki Koike, Tatsuya Mikami, Kenkei Hasatani, Jun Nishikawa, Tomoaki Matsumura, Hiroko Nebiki, Dai Nakamatsu, Ken Ohnita, Haruhisa Suzuki, Hiroya Ueyama, Yoshito Hayashi, Mitsushige Sugimoto, Shinjiro Yamaguchi, Tomoki Michida, Tomoyuki Yada, Yoshiro Asahina, Toshiaki Narasaka, Shiko Kuribasyashi, Shu Kiyotoki, Katsuhiro Mabe, Tomohiro Nakamura, Naoki Nakaya, Mitsuhiro Fujishiro, Atsushi Masamune
Journal: Gut (2020)

Objective Bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer (EGC) is a frequent adverse event after ESD. We aimed to develop and externally validate a clinically useful prediction model (BEST-J score: Bleeding after ESD Trend from Japan) for bleeding after ESD for EGC. Design This retrospective study enrolled patients who underwent ESD for EGC. Patients in the derivation cohort (n=8291) were recruited from 25 institutions, and patients in the external validation cohort (n=2029) were recruited from eight institutions in other areas. In the derivation cohort, weighted points were assigned to predictors of bleeding determined in the multivariate logistic regression analysis and a prediction model was established. External validation of the model was conducted to analyse discrimination and calibration. Results A prediction model comprised 10 variables (warfarin, direct oral anticoagulant, chronic kidney disease with haemodialysis, P2Y12 receptor antagonist, aspirin, cilostazol, tumour size &gt;30 mm, lower-third in tumour location, presence of multiple tumours and interruption of each kind of antithrombotic agents). The rates of bleeding after ESD at low-risk (0 to 1 points), intermediate-risk (2 points), high-risk (3 to 4 points) and very high-risk (≥5 points) were 2.8%, 6.1%, 11.4% and 29.7%, respectively. In the external validation cohort, the model showed moderately good discrimination, with a c -statistic of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.64 to 0.76), and good calibration (calibration-in-the-large, 0.05; calibration slope, 1.01). Conclusions In this nationwide multicentre study, we derived and externally validated a prediction model for bleeding after ESD. This model may be a good clinical decision-making support tool for ESD in patients with EGC.
Abstract B08: High-resolution positron emission microscopy of patient-derived tumor organoids
Authors: Syamantak Khan, June Ho Shin, Ning Cheng, Calvin Kuo, John Sunwoo, Guillem Pratx
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Tumor organoids are self-organizing three-dimensional tumor models grown in vitro from patient-derived tumor tissue. They closely recapitulate the structural and functional microenvironment of solid tumors. Rapid translation of biomedical information from preclinical models to patients requires imaging biomarkers that span the full scale of tumor models. However, a key limitation is that, unlike human patients or preclinical mouse models, the tiny organoids are incompatible with the suite of radiologic tools used in oncology clinics. Here, we present 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission microscopy (FDG-PEM), a radioluminescence-based technique for imaging glucose metabolism in patient-derived tumor organoids with spatial resolution 100-fold better than that of clinical positron emission tomography (PET). Tumor organoids derived from head-and-neck cancer patients were imaged to reveal metabolic maps that, in combination with brightfield imaging, functionally mirror the PET/CT images from the clinic. Tumor organoids were fed with FDG and mounted on a thin CdWO4 scintillator plate. Scintillator flashes were directly imaged by a single-photon-sensitivity electron-multiplying charge-coupled devices (EMCCD) camera. The EMCCD signal was calibrated with known radioactivity of FDG for accurate quantification of PEM images. Dual-modality PEM/fluorescence imaging found that FDG uptake occurred mainly in the viable region of tumor organoids and was more specific than staining by 2-NBDG, a fluorescent glucose mimetic. The influx rate constant (Ki) of FDG into the tumor organoids was calculated and found to be similar to the patient tumor from which the organoids were grown. This positive correlation of FDG influx between patient and organoid tumor suggests that PEM can be a preclinical tool to bridge the gap between laboratory and clinical cancer imaging. Finally, organoids treated with cisplatin displayed a dose-dependent decrease in the metabolic activity, while organoids derived from cisplatin-resistant patients retained high metabolic activity despite cisplatin treatment. Our results suggest that PEM imaging of patient-derived organoids could be used to predict individual patient response to different treatments to provide a more personalized approach to cancer care. Citation Format: Syamantak Khan, June Ho Shin, Ning Cheng, Calvin Kuo, John Sunwoo, Guillem Pratx. High-resolution positron emission microscopy of patient-derived tumor organoids [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolving Landscape of Cancer Modeling; 2020 Mar 2-5; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B08.
Atypical Presentation of COVID-19 Incidentally Detected at 18F-FDG PET/CT in an Asymptomatic Oncological Patient
Authors: Maria Vittoria Mattoli, Silvia Taralli, Elsa Pennese, Carla D’Angelo, Francesco Angrilli, Carlo Villano
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

The incidence of COVID-19, a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2, is rapidly growing worldwide. In this pandemic period, the chance of incidental pulmonary findings suggestive of COVID-19 at F-FDG PET/CT in asymptomatic oncological patients is not negligible. To suspect COVID-19 is more demanding whether its presentation is atypical. We describe the incidental PET/CT detection of an F-FDG-avid isolated centrilobular pulmonary consolidation in an asymptomatic lymphoma patient, which later resulted in an unexpected and atypical COVID-19 presentation. The nuclear medicine physicians should be prepared to suspect COVID-19 even in asymptomatic patients presenting with a "far-from-COVID-19" finding at PET/CT.
Abstract 16199: Optimization of Reconstruction and Quantification for Motion-Corrected Coronary 18F-NaF PET
Authors: Mhairi K Doris, Mathieu Rubeaux, Sebastien Cadet, Yuka Otaki, Damini Dey, Marc R Dweck, David E Newby, Daniel S Berman, Piotr J Slomka
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Coronary PET has shown promise in the detection of high-risk plaques; however, there is a need to optimize imaging techniques to improve quantitation and overcome challenges faced by ...
Court to hear clinical negligence case after remote trial is deemed “undesirable”
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The first clinical negligence trial to go to the High Court since the covid-19 lockdown closed the courts in the UK will start on 8 June.

The trial had been due to take place by video conferencing, but University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust applied for it to be adjourned to a later date, arguing that a remote hearing would be unfair.

One of the clinicians whose treatment is at issue in the negligence claim maintained that he would be unable to give as full an account of his actions by video link as at a court hearing, …