tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Survival and HIV-Free Survival Among Children Aged ≤3 Years — Eight Sub-Saharan African Countries, 2015–2017
Authors: Sasi Jonnalagadda, Katharine Yuengling, Elaine Abrams, Paul Stupp, Andrew Voetsch, Monita Patel, Zandi Minisi, Michael Eliya, Ndapewa Hamunime, Anath Rwebembera, Wilford Kirungi, Lloyd Mulenga, Angela Mushavi, Caroline Ryan, Mamorapeli Ts'oeu, Evelyn Kim, Eric J. Dziuban, Kathy Hageman, Jennifer Galbraith, Keith Mweebo, Annie Mwila, Elizabeth Gonese, Hetal Patel, Surbhi Modi, Suzue Saito
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

Although mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is preventable through antiretroviral treatment (ART) during pregnancy and postpartum, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimates that 160,000 new HIV infections occurred among children in 2018 (1). Child survival and HIV-free survival rates* are standard measures of progress toward eliminating MTCT† (2). Nationally representative Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (PHIA)§ survey data, pooled from eight sub-Saharan African countries¶ were used to calculate survival probability among children aged ≤3 years by maternal HIV status during pregnancy and HIV-free survival probability among children aged ≤3 years born to women with HIV infection, stratified by maternal ART** status during pregnancy. Survival probability was significantly lower among children born to women with HIV infection (94.7%) than among those born to women without HIV infection (97.6%). HIV-free survival probability of children born to women with HIV infection differed significantly by the timing of initiation of maternal ART: 93.0% among children whose mothers received ART before pregnancy, 87.8% among those whose mothers initiated ART during pregnancy, and 53.4% among children whose mothers did not receive ART during pregnancy. Focusing on prevention of HIV acquisition and, among women of reproductive age with HIV infection, on early diagnosis of HIV infection and ART initiation when applicable, especially before pregnancy, can improve child survival and HIV-free survival.
Ipilimumab and Nivolumab in Rare Tumors S1609: Neuroendocrine—Letter
Authors: Mohamad B. Sonbol, Thorvardur R. Halfdanarson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Patel and colleagues report the results of the basket trial (DART) studying the checkpoint inhibitors combination, ipilimumab plus nivolumab, in a cohort of patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN; ref. [1][1]). We commend the authors for their efforts enrolling patients with such an uncommon
Michael Antony Rollin Taylor
Authors: Niki Taylor, Raj Gupta, Jeff Richards
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Michael Antony Rollin Taylor was head boy at Holme Valley Grammar School. Before his consultant career at Macclesfield General Hospital, he worked in the department of medicine at the University Hospital of the West Indies in Jamaica, where he lived with his wife, Jackie, and their young children. He briefly worked as a GP in Wiltshire and later completed his specialist …
IS USEFUL A COAXIAL PLASTIC STENT WITHIN A LUMEN-APPOSING METAL STENT FOR THE PALLIATIVE MANAGEMENT OF MALIGNANT BILIARY OBSTRUCTION?
Authors: AG Sumalla, C Loras, CG Argente, J Velasquez-Rodriguez, F Bas-Cutrina, J Busquets, B Laquente, JB Gornals
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims There are doubts concerning the possible benefits derived from the insertion of double-pigtail plastic stents (DPPS) within the lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) in the EUS-guided transmural biliary drainage (BD). Aims to assess if the use of a coaxial DPPS within a LAMS provides more security in the EUS-BD for the palliative management in malignant biliary obstruction.
β-arrestin 2 quenches TLR signaling to facilitate the immune evasion of EPEC
Authors: Zijuan Chen, Ruixue Zhou, Yihua Zhang, Doudou Hao, Yu Wang, Shichao Huang, Ningning Liu, Chunmei Xia, Nissan Yissachar, Feng Huang, Yiwei Chu, Dapeng Yan
Journal: Gut Microbes (2020)

The protein translocated intimin receptor (Tir) from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli shares sequence similarity with the host cellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs (ITIMs). The ITIMs of Tir are required for Tir-mediated immune inhibition and evasion of host immune responses. However, the underlying molecular mechanism by which Tir regulates immune inhibition remains unclear. Here we demonstrated that β-arrestin 2, which is involved in the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signal pathway, interacted with Tir in an ITIM-dependent manner. For the molecular mechanism, we found that β-arrestin 2 enhanced the recruitment of SHP-1 to Tir. The recruited SHP-1 inhibited K63-linked ubiquitination of TRAF6 by dephosphorylating TRAF6 at Tyr288, and inhibited K63-linked ubiquitination and phosphorylation of TAK1 by dephosphorylating TAK1 at Tyr206, which cut off the downstream signal transduction and subsequent cytokine production. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of Tir on immune responses was diminished in β-arrestin 2-deficient mice and macrophages. These findings suggest that β-arrestin 2 is a key regulator in Tir-mediated immune evasion, which could serve as a new therapeutic target for bacterial infectious diseases.
IDENTIFICATION OF EGFR SIGNALLING PATHWAYS MEDIATING HEPATITIS C VIRUS ENTRY
Authors: J Lupberger, L Zona, C Thumann, B Fischer, A Weiss, J Florentin, F Duong, M B Zeisel, J A Nunes, I Hirsch, J A McKeating, L Brino, T F Baumert
Journal: Hepatology (2011)
A Short Course of Prednisolone in Chronic Type B Hepatitis
Authors: Jay H. Hoofnagle, Gary L. Davis, S. Chris Pappas, Reginald G. Hanson, Marion Peters, Mark I. Avigan, Jeanne G. Waggoner, E. Anthony Jones, Leonard B. Seeff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Abstract Fifteen patients with chronic type B hepatitis were treated with corticosteroids in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial lasting 28 days. Ten patients received prednisolone...
PROSPECTIVE STUDY SHOWING THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE SEVERITY OF HP GASTRITIS AND PRE-NEOPLASTIC LESIONS IN A MOROCCAN POPULATION
Authors: S Jamal, H Seddik, A Benkirane
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a pathogenic bacterium that contributes to an inflammatory reaction of the gastric mucosa. The extent and severity of gastric mucosal inflammation, as well as the occurrence of pre-neoplastic lesions (atrophy and intestinal metaplasia), depend on a number of factors that are related to the bacterium, host, and environmental factors.The aim of this work is to study the gastric lesions associated with Hp infection, and to determine the relationship between bacterial density and the appearance of gastric histological lesions.
Diabetes prevalence and its relationship with education, wealth, and body mass index in twenty-nine low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Jacqueline A. Seiglie, Maja-Emilia Marcus, Cara Ebert, Nikolaos Prodromidis, Pascal Geldsetzer, Michaela Theilmann, Kokou Agoudavi, Glennis Andall-Brereton, Krishna K Aryal, Brice Wilfried Bicaba, Pascal Bovet, Garry Brian, Maria Dorobantu, Gladwell Gathecha, Mongal Singh Gurung, David Guwatudde, Mohamed Msaidie, Corine Houehanou, Dismand Houinato, Jutta Mari Adelin Jorgensen, Gibson B Kagaruki, Khem B Karki, Demetre Labadarios, Joao S Martins, Mary T Mayige, Roy Wong McClure, Joseph Kibachio Mwangi, Omar Mwalim, Bolormaa Norov, Sarah Quesnel-Crooks, Bahendeka K Silver, Lela Sturua, Lindiwe Tsabedze, Chea Stanford Wesseh, Andrew Stokes, Rifat Atun, Justine Davies, Sebastian Vollmer, Till W Bärnighausen, Lindsay M Jaacks, James B. Meigs, Deborah J. Wexler, Jennifer Manne-Goehler
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)
Large-scale mapping of the Ebola NP and GP proteins reveals multiple immunoprevalent and conserved CD4 T-cell epitopes
Authors: Yann Gallais, Raphaël Sierocki, Gautier Lhomme, Coline Sivelle, Divor Kiseljak, Florian Wurm, Sami Djoulah, Ahmed Bouzidi, Jérôme Kerzerho, Bernard Maillère
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2020)
Protease nexin 1 modulates prostate adenocarcinoma by regulating the Hedgehog pathway in humans and mice
Authors: C McKee, D Xu, S Kabraji, D Allen, V Kersemans, J Beech, S Smart, F Hamdy, W Lam, T van der Kwast, R Bristow, R Muschel
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)
COMPARING THE MODIFIED HISTORY, ELECTROCARDIOGRAM, AGE, RISK FACTORS, AND TROPONIN SCORE AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE CONSORTIUM MODEL FOR PREDICTING OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CHEST PAIN
Authors: Varun Bhasin, Getu Teressa, Pamela Noack, Michael Poon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
SECOND-GENERATION MAGNETICALLY CONTROLLED CAPSULE GASTROSCOPY FOR BETTER DIAGNOSIS OF UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL
Authors: B Jiang, Y-Y Qian, J Pan, X Jiang, Y-C Wang, J-H Zhu, W-B Zou, J Xia, X Liu, W Zhou, Z-S Li, Z Liao
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Compared to conventional endoscopy, magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy (MCCG) can be further optimized in gastric examination time and complete visualization of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) mucosa. The second-generation MCCG (MCCG-2) was developed with higher image resolution and adaptive frame rate, and we aimed to evaluate its clinical availability for UGI examination in this study.
Abstract 128: Assessing the Temporal Trend in Survival to Hospital Admission Following Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Analysis From a Public Access Defibrillator Registry
Authors: Hannah Torney, Olibhear McAlister, Adam Harvey, Raymond Bond, Dewar Finlay, Justin Magee, David McEneaney, Jennifer Adgey
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: The AHA Get With the Guidelines Resuscitation Investigators recently identified that in-hospital cardiac arrest patients admitted during nights and weekends are less likely to survive to discharge. Our analysis aimed to determine if a similar relationship applied to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. Methods: Worldwide data collection began in Oct 2012. Users of HeartSine SAM PAD public access defibrillators submitted electronic event data (comprising time/date of event and electrocardiogram traces) and an event report form (comprising patient demographics, location of arrest and survival to hospital outcome). First shock success was defined as termination of shockable rhythm for 5 seconds post-shock. Data was analysed using R. Results: A total of 3400 OHCA cases were collected. Median (IQR) age was 63 (50, 75) and males accounted for 72.4% of the dataset. A total of 1127 first shocks were delivered, and first shock success was 87.2% (983 shocks). Survival outcomes were reported in 2942 cases, and 783 (26.6%) patients survived to hospital admission. First shock success as a response to day of the week (weekday versus weekend [12am Saturday-11.59pm Sunday]) adjusted for patient age, gender and location of arrest, was assessed and there was no association found. When the same model was fitted with survival to hospital admission as a response to day of the week, it was determined that patients are approximately 20% less likely to survive to hospital admission at the weekend (OR=0.81, 95%CI [0.68, 0.95], p=0.01). There was a negative association between survival and OHCA occurring at home (OR=0.32, 95%CI [0.10, 0.94], p=0.03) and increasing age (per 1-year increase, OR=0.99, 95%CI [0.98, 1.00], p&lt;0.001). Adjusting the model for time of day (morning [6am-11.59am], afternoon [12pm-5.59pm], evening [6pm-11.59pm] and night [12am-5.59am]) did not highlight an association with any particular time of day. Conclusions: OHCA patients are significantly less likely to survive to hospital admission at weekends compared to weekdays. Further analysis on the availability of PADs at professional and recreational locations and availability of trained medical rescuers at the weekend versus weekdays could account for the differences observed.
Sclerotherapy after First Variceal Hemorrhage in Cirrhosis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

At the time of their first hemorrhage from esophageal varices, 187 unselected patients with cirrhosis were randomly assigned to medical treatment including balloon tamponade or to medical treatment supplemented with intensive, paravariceal sclerotherapy. Follow-up period ranged from 9 to 52 months. The overall mortality in the sclerotherapy group (hazard) was 76 per cent (95 per cent confidence limits, 54 to 107 per cent) of that in the medical-regimen group. The relative mortality in the sclerotherapy group, determined by stratifying according to degree of encephalopathy and ascites, was 63 per cent of that in the medical-regimen group (95 per cent confidence limits, 44 to 91 per cent). The main effect of sclerotherapy may be a reduction of long-term mortality, which after Day 40 was only 43 per cent (95 per cent confidence limits, 23 to 79 per cent) of that in the medical-regimen group. Sclerotherapy had no significant influence on the initial hemorrhage as judged from the duration of bleeding or of balloon tamponade, the number of blood transfusions needed, or immediate mortality. Forty-five patients in the sclerotherapy group had 64 episodes of recurrent hemorrhage, as compared with 138 episodes among 51 patients in the medical-regimen group. This difference was due to a pronounced reduction of rebleeding after Day 40 in the sclerotherapy group. We recommend sclerotherapy for patients with cirrhosis who have bleeding from esophageal varices.
IMPACT OF COLONOSCOPY ON WORKING ACTIVITY (CO-WORK): A PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: L Fuccio, L Frazzoni, AC Paoloni, S Cadoni, F Rogai, L Laterza, C Trovato, A Anderloni, F Radaelli, A Montale, C Fabbri, G Vitale, ML Marca, F Pigò, A Musso, A Mussetto, G Fiori, M Manno, A Repici, F Bazzoli, C Hassan, A Farioli
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Colonoscopy is a complex and invasive procedure possibly affecting patient’s working activity, both before and after its performance. Aim was to assess the impact of colonoscopy on patient working activity.
Oxidized mitochondrial DNA sensing by STING signaling promotes the antitumor effect of an irradiated immunogenic cancer cell vaccine
Authors: Chunju Fang, Fei Mo, Li Liu, Jing Du, Min Luo, Ke Men, Feifei Na, Wei Wang, Hanshuo Yang, Xiawei Wei
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2020)

Exposure to ionizing radiation, a physical treatment that inactivates live tumor cells, has been extensively applied to enhance the antitumor responses induced by cancer cell vaccines in both animal research and human clinical trials. However, the mechanisms by which irradiated cells function as immunogenic tumor vaccines and induce effective antitumor responses have not been fully explored. Here, we demonstrate that oxidized mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling play a key roles in the enhanced antitumor effect achieved with an irradiated tumor cell vaccine. Elevations in ROS and oxidized mtDNA 8-OHG content could be induced in irradiated tumor cells. Oxidized mtDNA derived from irradiated tumor cells gained access to the cytosol of dendritic cells (DCs). Oxidized mtDNA, as a DAMP or adjuvant, activated the STING-TBK1-IRF3-IFN-β pathway in DCs, which subsequently cross-presented irradiated tumor cell-derived antigens to CD8+ T cells and elicited antitumor immunity. The results of our study provide insight into the mechanism by which an irradiated cell vaccine mediates antitumor immunity, which may have implications for new strategies to improve the efficacy of irradiated vaccines.
FEASIBILITY OF SENTINEL NODE NAVIGATED SURGERY IN PATIENTS WITH HIGH-RISK SUBMUCOSAL (T1B) ESOPHAGEAL ADENOCARCINOMA USING A HYBRID TRACER OF TECHNETIUM-99M AND INDOCYANINE GREEN
Authors: A Overwater, BLAM Weusten, JP Ruurda, R van Hillegersberg, RJ Bennink, B de Keizer, SL Meijer, LAA Brosens, RE Pouw, JJGHM Bergman, MI van Berge Henegouwen, SS Gisbertz
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Minimally invasive esophagectomy with two-field thoracolaparoscopic lymphadenectomy is the current standard of care for high-risk T1b esophageal adenocarcinoma. However, since the tumor can often be removed completely with endoscopic resection, and lymph node involvement only concerns the minority of patients, the majority of patients receive overtreatment. Sentinel node navigation surgery is a well-known concept to tailor the extent of lymphadenectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of sentinel node navigation surgery with a hybrid tracer (technetium-99m/indocyanine green/nanocolloid) for patients with high-risk T1b esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Estimating Equations for Glomerular Filtration Rate in the Era of Creatinine Standardization
Authors: Amy Earley, Dana Miskulin, Edmund J. Lamb, Andrew S. Levey, Katrin Uhlig
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Background: Clinical laboratories are increasingly reporting estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by using serum creatinine assays traceable to a standard reference material. Purpose: To review the performance of GFR estimating equations to inform the selection of a single equation by laboratories and the interpretation of estimated GFR by clinicians. Data Sources: A systematic search of MEDLINE, without language restriction, between 1999 and 21 October 2011. Study Selection: Cross-sectional studies in adults that compared the performance of 2 or more creatinine-based GFR estimating equations with a reference GFR measurement. Eligible equations were derived or reexpressed and validated by using creatinine measurements traceable to the standard reference material. Data Extraction: Reviewers extracted data on study population characteristics, measured GFR, creatinine assay, and equation performance. Data Synthesis: Eligible studies compared the MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) Study and CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) equations or modifications thereof. In 12 studies in North America, Europe, and Australia, the CKD-EPI equation performed better at higher GFRs (approximately >60 mL/min per 1.73 m2) and the MDRD Study equation performed better at lower GFRs. In 5 of 8 studies in Asia and Africa, the equations were modified to improve their performance by adding a coefficient derived in the local population or removing a coefficient. Limitation: Methods of GFR measurement and study populations were heterogeneous. Conclusion: Neither the CKD-EPI nor the MDRD Study equation is optimal for all populations and GFR ranges. Using a single equation for reporting requires a tradeoff to optimize performance at either higher or lower GFR ranges. A general practice and public health perspective favors the CKD-EPI equation. Primary Funding Source: Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes.
Covid-19: Concerns rise as cases expand rapidly in South America
Authors: Rodrigo de Oliveira Andrade
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Scientists have warned that countries in South America should expect a rise in cases and deaths from covid-19 in the next month as the pandemic on the continent is about six weeks behind that in Europe in terms of transmission of the virus and infection rate. To date around 320 000 cases and almost 17 000 deaths have been reported in the region.

On 12 May the Pan American Health Organization said that between 4 and 11 May more than 96 000 additional cases and 5552 deaths were reported in South America, a 45% relative increase in cases and a 51% relative increase in deaths when compared with the previous week.

PAHO’s director, Carissa Etienne, said that health systems in large cities such as Lima and Rio de Janeiro were quickly becoming overwhelmed by covid-19. But the pandemic also affected “smaller towns and remote communities, including indigenous areas, where access to healthcare is challenging,” she said.

Etienne called on countries to tackle their health, social, and economic emergencies, saying that she was “deeply concerned” by the rapid expansion …
GASTROINTESTINAL EXPOSED ENDOSCOPIC FULL-THICKNESS RESECTION (EO-EFTR) IN THE TIME OF ENDOSCOPIC SUTURING: A NEW START FOR NATURAL ORIFICE TRANS-LUMINAL ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY (NOTES) TECHNIQUES
Authors: A Granata, A Martino, M Amata, D Ligresti, M Traina
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Eo-EFTR without laparoscopic assistance is a minimally invasive NOTES technique that has shown promising efficacy and safety in the removal of gastrointestinal (GI) submucosal tumors (SMTs) arising from the muscularis propria (MP) and select epithelial tumors (ETs) unsuitable to conventional resection techniques. Wall defect closure was mainly achieved using standard trough-the-scope endoclips or endoclips combined with endoloops. Given the chance of realizing an endosurgical full-thickness sutures, the OverStitch Endoscopic Suturing System (ESS) (Apollo Endosurgery, Austin, Texas, USA) can be used to close wall defects with potentially higher safety and effectiveness. However, data are still limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety and feasibility of Eo-EFTR with defect closure by ESS for these lesions.
Management of acute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Claudio Ronco, Thiago Reis, Faeq Husain-Syed
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2020)

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly evolved into a global pandemic. Most patients with COVID-19 have mild symptoms, but about 5% develop severe symptoms, which can include acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, and multiple organ failure. Kidney involvement is frequent, with clinical presentation ranging from mild proteinuria to progressive acute kidney injury (AKI) necessitating renal replacement therapy (RRT). An understanding of the pathophysiology and mechanisms of kidney damage and AKI in the setting of critical illness and COVID-19 is emerging, although further research is needed to identify patients at risk of AKI and to guide management strategies. As no specific treatment options exist for AKI secondary to COVID-19, intensive care is largely supportive. Current approaches to prevention and management of AKI, and identification of potential indications for use of RRT and sequential extracorporeal therapies, are based mainly on clinical experience, and AKI strategies are adapted empirically to patients with COVID-19. International collaborative and cross-disciplinary research is needed to obtain adequate evidence to support current clinical approaches and to develop new approaches to management.
COMPLEX GASTRO-CUTANEOUS FISTULA AFTER SEVERE ACUTE PANCREATITIS
Authors: M Bozhychko, JI Cameo Lorenzo, CM Sanjuan, LM Prado, SB Maxia, LC Catalá, FR Gómez, JM Sempere, JA Casellas Valdé, JRA Tormo
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

52-years-old female with acute severe pancreatitis and multiple intra-abdominal collections. As complications, she developed gastro-cutaneous fistula and duodenal perforation, so placement of three covered self-expandable metal stent (Two Esophagus Bariatric fully covered 28 × 180 mm and one Colon/Rectum fully covered 20 × 100 mm as duodenal stent) was carried out. Endoscopic treatment with acellular pig matrix (PERMACOL) and suture of the gastric defect using of the APOLLO OverStitch system was decided. A guidewire was inserted from the abdominal wall into gastric cavity through the fistula and was extracted through the mouth. The borders were flared with argon gas and endoscopic suture was performed.
OVERSTITCH SX ENDOSCOPIC SUTURING SYSTEM FOR GASTROINTESTINAL APPLICATIONS: A MULTICENTER EUROPEAN REGISTRY
Authors: R Maselli, R Palma, M Traina, A Granata, D Juzgado, M Bisello, H Neuhaus, T Beyna, D Bansi, L Prades, P Bhandari, M Abdelrahim, A Haji, R Haidry, A Repici
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims The aim of this registry is to collect demographic, procedural characteristics and follow-up (FU) outcomes of endoscopic suturing from multiple european centers using OverStitch Sx.