tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P14.126 radiation-induced optic neuropathy
Authors: A Thomas, C Birzu, L Feuvret, G Noël, K Hoang-Xuan, J Savatosky, D Ricard, D Psimaras
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract BACKGROUND Optic neuropathy is an inflammation of the optic nerve leading to a rapidly progressive visual loss. Most frequent etiologies are multiple sclerosis, vasculitides, and infections. In the context of tumorous pathology, optic neuropathy can occur due to meningeal infiltration, tumoral compression, or antitumor therapeutics (radiation therapy, some targeted cancer therapies, and checkpoint inhibitors). In the current study, we examine radiation-induced optic neuropathy (RION), which is the most frequent among optic neuropathies caused by antitumor therapeutics. MATERIAL AND METHODS We present the cases of 3 patients who experienced RION. For each patient, we collected data on age, type of tumor, date and modalities of radiation-therapy, starting date of visual loss, ophthalmologic description, MRI images, treatment, and clinical and radiological evolution. RESULTS The three patients were aged 57 to 68 years old at the time of NORI. They had irradiation between 2013 and 2018. Two patients had proton therapy and one had whole brain irradiation. The visual loss occurred between seven and twelve months after the end of radiation therapy. In all patients the symptoms were bilateral and the loss of vision was rapidly worsened until culminating in almost total blindness. The MRI abnormalities were consistent with retrobulbar optic neuritis. The visual loss remained severe despite the treatment administered. High dose steroids had no clinical effect. Bevacizumab enabled a discrete subjective visual improvement in one patient, but a worsening of visual loss in another. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy had no clinical effect but was undertaken three months after the starting date of visual loss which is probably too late for efficiency. Interestingly one patient was treated with an anti-IL6 antibody (tocilizumab). It was administered in order to avoid fibrosis formation, which is the ultimate condition of the inflammatory process. The rationale is that radiation-induced opening of the bood-brain-barrier and destruction of endothelial and glial cells lead to reparation process through microglia activation. In-vitro studies showed an increased secretion of IL-6 (and other pro-inflammatory cytokines) by the activated microglia. Our patient could not experience benefit from tocilizumab, but the treatment was administered four months after the starting date of visual loss and fibrosis was probably already formed. CONCLUSION These cases are consistent with existing literature. The risk is mostly due to the total dose and dose per fraction of the irradiation and the prognosis is very poor with no efficient treatment at the present time. Anti-IL6 antibody could be an interesting treatment if administered at an early stage, but a future prospective clinical trial would be needed to clinically validate this hypothesis.
P11.21 Treating numerous secondary tumors in the brain with tumor treating fields: Simulation study to identify optimal transducer array layout
Authors: A Kinzel, O Yesharim, A Naveh, Z Bomzon
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract BACKGROUND Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) use alternating electric fields for the treatment of solid tumors. The therapy is approved for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and a phase III trial in 1–10 brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer (METIS) is currently enrolling patients. In GBM, the layout of the transducer arrays delivering the TTFields to the tumor is optimized for high field intensity in the tumor, while the dose in other regions is decreased. In the setting of secondary brain tumors, as they manifest as brain metastases in 10–30 % of adult cancer patients - especially in melanoma, lung, breast, colon, and kidney cancer - a high TTFields dose in the entire brain would be beneficial. Thus, numerous tumors instead of only one lesion should receive therapeutic TTFields doses. In this study, transducer array layouts aiming for a homogeneous TTFields distribution in the whole brain were investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used computer simulations in a realistic computational head model of a 40+ years old man, constructed in-house from a T1 MRI series, to compute the field distributions obtained with various transducer array layouts. The distribution of TTFields delivered by pairs of transducer arrays at different positions on the head and neck was simulated using Sim4Life v3.0 (ZMT Zürich). For each layout, we determined and compared the mean and median field intensities in five pre-determined sections of the brain: (1) the cerebellum and brain stem together with other infra-tentorial anatomical regions; and (2–5) the four cerebral quadrants. RESULTS One array layout could be identified yielding median intensities between 1.5 V/cm to 1.7 V/cm in all areas and a homogeneous distribution within the brain. This layout is composed of one pair of arrays positioned on the right temple and left scapula, and the other pair positioned on the left temple and right scapula. CONCLUSION This study was able to determine a novel TTFields transducer array layout that might be used for treatment of the entire brain with therapeutic intensities, as would be beneficial in patients with brain metastases.
Influence of Treating Facility, Provider Volume, and Patient-Sharing on Survival of Patients With Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Ashley T. Freeman, May Kuo, Lei Zhou, Justin G. Trogdon, Chris D. Baggett, Sascha A. Tuchman, Thomas C. Shea, William A. Wood
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2019)

Population-based studies suggest that patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have better outcomes when treated at high-volume facilities, but the relative contribution of provider expertise and hospital resources to improved outcomes is unknown. This study explored how treating facility, individual provider volume, and patient-sharing between MM specialists and community providers influenced outcomes for patients with MM.A state cancer registry linked to public and private insurance claims was used to identify a cohort of patients diagnosed with MM in 2006 through 2012. Three multivariable Cox models were used to examine how the following factors impacted overall survival: (1) evaluation at an NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center (NCICCC), (2) the primary oncologist's volume of patients with MM, and (3) patient-sharing between MM specialists and community oncologists.A total of 1,029 patients diagnosed with MM in 2006 through 2012 were identified. Patients who were not evaluated at an NCICCC had an increased risk of mortality compared with those evaluated at an NCICCC (hazard ratio [HR], 1.50; 95% CI, 1.21-1.86; P<.001). Compared with patients treated by NCICCC MM specialists, those treated by both low-volume community providers (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.14-1.90; P<.01) and high-volume community providers (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.04-1.61; P<.05) had a higher risk of mortality. No difference in mortality was seen between patients treated by NCICCC MM specialists and those treated by the highest-volume community oncologists in the ninth and tenth deciles (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.84-1.37; P=.5591). Patients treated by community oncologists had a higher risk of mortality regardless of patient-sharing compared with patients treated by MM specialists (eg, community oncologist with a history of sharing vs NCICCC MM specialist: HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.10-2.02; P<.05).Findings of this study add to the accumulating evidence showing that patients with MM benefit from care at high-volume facilities, and suggest that similar outcomes can be achieved by the highest-volume providers in the community.
Erratum: Japan assessment of pitavastatin and atorvastatin in acute coronary syndrome (JAPAN-ACS) - Rationale and design (Circulation Journal (2006) 70, (1624-1628))
Authors: Katsumi Miyauchi, Takeshi Kimura, Takeshi Morimoto, Yoshihisa Nakagawa, Masakazu Yamagishi, Yukio Ozaki, Takafumi Hiro, Hiroyuki Daida, Masunori Matsuzaki
Journal: Circulation (2007)
P14.75 Active beam scanning proton therapy radiosurgery: early outcomes
Authors: D Amelio, D Scartoni, R Righetto, F Fellin, I Giacomelli, A Turkaj, M Schwarz, M Amichetti
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract BACKGROUND Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an important treatment option for intracranial lesions and several photon-SRS techniques have been developed. Proton therapy (PT) has special characteristics that allow normal tissues to be spared better as well as greater homogeneity than with the use of photons, but limited data are available for proton-SRS. Nowadays, PT-SRS is delivered only with passive scattering technique while active pencil beam scanning (PBS) that is considered the most advanced proton technique has not been reported for SRS treatments yet. Here we report early clinical outcomes of PBS PT SRS. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between June 2017 and January 2019, 14 patients (pts) with 20 lesions underwent PBS PT SRS at our institution. Median age was 62 years (range, 28–87). Median Karnofsky performance status was 90 (range, 70–100). Six were male. Tumors included 16 meningiomas (MG) and 4 vestibular schwannomas (VS). Median GTV was 1.05 cc (range, 0.2–2.71). Dose prescription was 12 Gy radiobiologic equivalent (RBE) in one fraction for VS and 15 GyRBE in one fraction for MG. Pts were immobilized using a frameless system: Type-S proton overlay and Type-S proton mask (CIVCO medical solutions, Kalona, IA, USA) together with Moldcare headrest (Q-Fix systems, Avondale, PA, USA). All pts were treated with PBS PT using 2–3 fields with single field optimization technique, and using min-max robust robust optimization (2 mm setup errors, 3.5% range uncertainties), with a Monte Carlo algorithm and 1 mm grid size. Toxicity was assessed using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. RESULTS Median follow-up (FU) was 9 months (range, 3–22). All pts completed the treatment with excellent compliance and no side effects were registered during the procedure. Registered acute side effects include grade 1 (14%) fatigue, grade 2 (7%) headache, and grade 2 (28%) alopecia. There were no grade 3 or higher acute toxicities. Registered late side effects include grade 1 (7%) headache, and grade 1 (14%) alopecia. There were no grade 3 or higher late toxicities. Currently, absolute tumor control is 100% regardless the type of tumor. Despite the short FU radiological reduction was registered in 9 lesions (45%). CONCLUSION PBS PT SRS is a feasible and safe treatment in pts with MG or VS. A high radiological response rate was observed. Longer FU is necessary to assess definitive safety and efficacy.
2019 international clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer
Authors: Dominique Farge, Corinne Frere, Jean M Connors, Cihan Ay, Alok A Khorana, Andres Munoz, Benjamin Brenner, Ajay Kakkar, Hanadi Rafii, Susan Solymoss, Dialina Brilhante, Manuel Monreal, Henri Bounameaux, Ingrid Pabinger, James Douketis, Walter Ageno, Fernando Ajauro, Kamal R. Al-Aboudi, Thierry Alcindor, Thierry Andre, Pantep Angchaisuksiri, Darko Antic, Juan I. Arcelus, Eric Assenat, Kenneth A. Bauer, Ali Bazarbachii, Ilham Benzidia, Jan Beyer-Westendorf, Viktoria Bitsadze, Dorit Blickstein, Mark Blostein, Isabel Bogalho, Barbara Bournet, Patricia Casais, Antoine F. Carpentier, Gabriela Cesarman-Maus, Joydeep Chakbrabartty, Hugo Clemente, Jérôme Connault, Ludovic Doucet, Cécile Durant, Joseph Emmerich, Anna Falanga, Clemens Feistritzer, Carme Font, Charles Francis, Enrique Gallardo, Thomas Gary, Jean-Christophe Gris, Cecilia Guillermo, Adrian Hij, Russel D. Hull, Takayuki IKezoe, Luis Jara-Palomares, Nigel S. Key, Jamilya Khrizroeva, Maral Koolian, Florian Langer, Claire Le Hello, Ramón Lecumberri, Lai Heng Lee, Howard Liebman, Luisa Lopes Dos Santos, Duarte Henrique Machado, Isabelle Madelaine, Alexander Makatsariya, Mario Mandala, Anthony Marayevas, Zora Marjanovic, Christine Marosi, Ellis Martin, Luis Meillon, Emmanuel Messas, Antonio Moreira, Ahmet M. Demir, Arlette Ndour, Michel Nguessan, Remedios Otero-Candelera, Vanessa Pachon Olmos, Ana Pais, Florian Posch, Matthias Preusser, Hanno Riess, Marc Righini, Cynthia Rothschild, Andre Roussin, José Antonio Rueda-Camino, Pedro Ruiz-Artacho, Sanjith Saseedharan, Ali Shamseddine, Gerald Soff, Hans Stricker, Vicky Tagalakis, Ali Taher, Toutou Toussaint, Javier Trujillo-Santos, Stéphane Villiers, Raymond Wong, Norizaku Yamada
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2019)
Variations in common diseases, hospital admissions, and deaths in middle-aged adults in 21 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study
Authors: Gilles R Dagenais, Darryl P Leong, Sumathy Rangarajan, Fernando Lanas, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Rajeev Gupta, Rafael Diaz, Alvaro Avezum, Gustavo B F Oliveira, Andreas Wielgosz, Shameena R Parambath, Prem Mony, Khalid F Alhabib, Ahmet Temizhan, Noorhassim Ismail, Jephat Chifamba, Karen Yeates, Rasha Khatib, Omar Rahman, Katarzyna Zatonska, Khawar Kazmi, Li Wei, Jun Zhu, Annika Rosengren, K Vijayakumar, Manmeet Kaur, Viswanathan Mohan, AfzalHussein Yusufali, Roya Kelishadi, Koon K Teo, Philip Joseph, Salim Yusuf
Journal: The Lancet (2019)
OS7.7 Educational program for caregivers of patients with brain tumors: AGAPE
Authors: H Bourien, C Larible-Lefort, E Pelotte, F Le Brun, E Vauleon
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract BACKGROUND Patients with brain tumors suffer from physical, neurocognitive, and psychological decline. Among the potential evolutions of the disease, patients become dependent on caregivers. Nearly half suffer from anxiety or depression, which can significatively impact their quality of life. Better medical information and more effective integration of the caregivers are positively received. Patients and caregivers need more information on supportive care and the specificities of brain tumors. Educational programs may help them better support this new caregiving role and give them more information on the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS At the Comprehensive Cancer Centre in Rennes, we have created an educational program for caregivers of patients with brain tumor, called AGAPE. The aim of AGAPE is to explain more precisely the medical aspects of brain tumors, describe resources that are available to caregivers, and allow a moment of exchange between caregivers. A medical oncologist and a nurse specialized in neuro-oncology organize the program divided into three workshops. During the first workshop, neurocognitive symptoms that may be presented by the patients as well as therapeutics are discussed. The second workshop aims to provide information on instrumental and human resources available, as well as on psychometrics, nutrition, and palliative care units. The last workshop gives each caregiver the opportunity to share their difficulties. In order to objectively evaluate the impact of AGAPE, caregivers are asked to complete a quality of life questionnaire after each workshop: CargoQoL (Caregiver Oncology Quality of Life). We retrospectively analyzed CargoQoL scores for each caregiver during their participation in AGAPE in order to evaluate the impact of AGAPE on the caregiver’s quality of life. RESULTS From February 2015 to February 2018, 9 three-month sessions were organized, allowing 45 caregivers to participate. Data for the years 2018 and 2019 are currently being updated. Each group of 3 to 4 caregivers met once a month for a period of 3 months. Final analysis of CargoQoL was based on 21 caregivers (responses with excessive missing data and the experience of caregivers who assisted to only one of the workshops organized every 3 months were not taken into account). For the 9 items of CargoQoL, there was no decrease in quality of life between the first and the last workshop. Even though these findings are not significant, caregivers seem to have a better relationship with healthcare providers and better self-esteem after attending the AGAPE workshops. CONCLUSION Diagnosis of brain tumors impacts the quality of life of both patients and caregivers. The assessment of the caregivers’ needs is essential in order to support them in caring for their loved ones and to include them in the healthcare process. AGAPE educational programs help caregivers maintain their quality of life.
Systolic Ventricular Deformation and Rotation Are Reduced at Rest and on Exercise in Patients With Heart Failure and Normal Ejection Fraction
Authors: Yu-Ting Tan, Frauke W. G. Wenzelburger, Eveline Lee, Grant Heatlie, Francisco Leyva, Michael Frenneaux, John E. Sanderson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Selection: Information and replication of the operant
Authors: Ralph Spiga
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Selection as a mode of causation is central to operant psychology. Response variation and selection by consequences corresponds to phenotypic variation, to differential survivability, and to reproduction of variants. In natural selection, genes code for phylogenic history but no analogous processes exists for coding behavioral history. Neuroscience suggests potential processes but the conceptual status of these events requires clarification.
Association between beta‐blocker use and mortality/morbidity in older patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. A propensity score‐matched analysis from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry
Authors: Davide Stolfo, Alicia Uijl, Lina Benson, Benedikt Schrage, Marat Fudim, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Stefan Koudstaal, Gianfranco Sinagra, Ulf Dahlström, Giuseppe Rosano, Gianluigi Savarese
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2019)
Patient Characteristics and Adenoma Detection Rates
Authors: Alain Braillon
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2019)

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P13.02 Conventional MRI radiomics in the diagnosis of early- and pseudo-progression
Authors: A Bani Sadr, O F Eker, L Berner, R Ameli, M Hermier, M Barritault, D Meyronet, J Guyotat, E Jouanneau, J Honnorat, F Ducray, Y Berthezène
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract BACKGROUND After radiochemotherapy, 20% to 30% of patients with early worsening MRI experience pseudoprogression (Psp) which is not distinguishable from early progression (EP). We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance and survival predictive ability of radiomics in patients with suspected EP or Psp. MATERIAL AND METHODS Radiomics features (RF) of 76 patients (53 EP and 23 Psp) retrospectively identified were extracted from conventional MRI based on four volumes-of-interest. Subjects were randomly assigned into training and validation groups. Classification model (EP versus Psp) consisted of a random forest algorithm after univariate filtering. Overall (OS) and progression-free survivals (PFS) were predicted using a semi-supervised principal component analysis and, forecasts were evaluated using C index and integrated Brier scores (IBS). RESULTS Using 11 RFs, radiomics classified patients with 75.0% and 76.0% accuracy, 81.6% and 94.1% sensitivity, 50.0% and 37.5% specificity, respectively in training and validation phases. Addition of MGMT promoter status improved accuracy to 83% and 79.2% and, specificity to 63.6% and 75%. OS model included 14 RFs and stratified low- and high-risk patients both in the training (hazard ratio (HR), 3.63, p=0.002) and the validation (HR, 3.76, p=0.001) phases. Similarly, PFS model stratified patients during training (HR, 2.58, p=0.005) and validation (HR, 3.58, p=0.004) phases using 5 RF. OS and PFS forecasts had C index of 0.65 and 0.69 and IBS of 0.122 and 0.147, respectively. CONCLUSION Conventional MRI radiomics has promising diagnostic value, especially when combined with MGMT promoter status, but specificity remains moderate. In addition, our results suggest a potential for predicting OS and PFS.
Are units of retention necessary?
Authors: Manish Vaidya
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Hull et al. propose a set of features that can be used to identify explanatory systems as being selectionist. The commentary questions the necessity of identifying a unit of retention at the level of behavior-environment interactions. It is concluded that an answer to the question “Are units of retention necessary?” can only be given in light of a clear statement of the goals of a science of behavior.
Severe Pulmonary Disease Associated with Electronic-Cigarette–Product Use — Interim Guidance
Authors: Joshua G. Schier, Jonathan G. Meiman, Jennifer Layden, Christina A. Mikosz, Brenna VanFrank, Brian A King, Phillip P. Salvatore, David N. Weissman, Jerry Thomas, Paul C. Melstrom, Grant T. Baldwin, Erin M. Parker, Elizabeth A. Courtney-Long, Vikram P. Krishnasamy, Cassandra M. Pickens, Mary E. Evans, Sharon V. Tsay, Krista M. Powell, Emily A. Kiernan, Kristy L. Marynak, Jennifer Adjemian, Kelly Holton, Brian S. Armour, Lucinda J. England, Peter A. Briss, Debra Houry, Karen A. Hacker, Sarah Reagan-Steiner, Sherif Zaki, Dana Meaney-Delman
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2019)

On September 6, 2019, this report was posted as an MMWR Early Release on the MMWR website (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr). As of August 27, 2019, 215 possible cases of severe pulmonary disease associated with the use of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) products (e.g., devices, liquids, refill pods, and cartridges) had been reported to CDC by 25 state health departments. E-cigarettes are devices that produce an aerosol by heating a liquid containing various chemicals, including nicotine, flavorings, and other additives (e.g., propellants, solvents, and oils). Users inhale the aerosol, including any additives, into their lungs. Aerosols produced by e-cigarettes can contain harmful or potentially harmful substances, including heavy metals such as lead, volatile organic compounds, ultrafine particles, cancer-causing chemicals, or other agents such as chemicals used for cleaning the device (1). E-cigarettes also can be used to deliver tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the principal psychoactive component of cannabis, or other drugs; for example, "dabbing" involves superheating substances that contain high concentrations of THC and other plant compounds (e.g., cannabidiol) with the intent of inhaling the aerosol. E-cigarette users could potentially add other substances to the devices. This report summarizes available information and provides interim case definitions and guidance for reporting possible cases of severe pulmonary disease. The guidance in this report reflects data available as of September 6, 2019; guidance will be updated as additional information becomes available.