tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THU0483 ASSOCIATION OF CENTRAL SENSITIZATION AND ATTENTION DEFICIT IN MEDICAL STUDENTS WITH CHRONIC BACK PAIN
Authors: M. E. Ibrahim, M. Hefny
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: Back pain is one of the most common health complaints among university students. A subset of people suffering from chronic back pain exhibit features of increased pain sensitivity and altered pain processing, suggesting central sensitization (CS) to pain 1 . The mechanisms behind these processes are, to date, not fully understood 2 . Evidence shows that in chronic pain, cognitive factors could contribute to the occurrence of central pain sensitization 3,4 . Objectives: To assess the association between CS and features of adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in medical students suffering from chronic back pain. Methods: Data was collected from medical students during the academic year 2018-2019 at Suez Canal University using an online survey. The survey included a section on self-reported musculoskeletal pain including back pain lasting more than 3 months in the neck, upper back and lower back, part (A) of the central sensitization inventory (CSI) and the Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v 1.1). Associations between CSI and ASRS-v 1.1 in students with back pain was assessed using Spearman’s correlation. Linear regression was used to estimate cross-sectional associations adjusted for age and gender. Results: Two hundred and thirty students completed the survey, 93 (40.4%) had back pain for more than 3 months. Students with back pain had significantly higher CS and attention deficit according to CSI (P&lt;0.01), and the ASRS-v 1.1 scores (P=0.09). Correlation results showed a strong positive association between CS and ADHD in students with back pain (correlation coefficient = 0.41, P&lt;0.001). This association remained significant after adjusting for age and gender (P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that in students suffering from chronic back pain, features of attention deficit are associated with elevated CS. The direction of the association requires further study and may provide novel insights into the interaction between CS and cognitive factors. References: [1]Giesecke T, Gracely RH, Grant MA, Nachemson A, Petzke F, Williams DA, Clauw DJ. Evidence of augmented central pain processing in idiopathic chronic low back pain. Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism: Official Journal of the American College of Rheumatology. 2004 Feb;50(2):613-23. [3]Coppieters I, Ickmans K, Cagnie B, Nijs J, De Pauw R, Noten S, Meeus M. Cognitive performance is related to central sensitization and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorders and fibromyalgia. Pain physician. 2015;18(3):E389-401. [4]Roussel NA, Nijs J, Meeus M, Mylius V, Fayt C, Oostendorp R. Central sensitization and altered central pain processing in chronic low back pain: fact or myth?. The Clinical journal of pain. 2013 Jul 1;29(7):625-38. Disclosure of Interests: : None declared
The Role of Diet in Cancer Prevention and Chemotherapy Efficacy
Authors: Steven D. Mittelman
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2020)

Despite great advances in treatment, cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Diet can greatly impact health, while caloric restriction and fasting have putative benefits for disease prevention and longevity. Strong epidemiological associations exist between obesity and cancer, whereas healthy diets can reduce cancer risk. However, less is known about how diet might impact cancer once it has been diagnosed and particularly how diet can impact cancer treatment. In the present review, we discuss the links between obesity, diet, and cancer. We explore potential mechanisms by which diet can improve cancer outcomes, including through hormonal, metabolic, and immune/inflammatory effects, and present the limited clinical research that has been published in this arena. Though data are sparse, diet intervention may reduce toxicity, improve chemotherapy efficacy, and lower the risk of long-term complications in cancer patients. Thus, it is important that we understand and expand the science of this important but complex adjunctive cancer treatment strategy.
Response by Deharo et al to Letter Regarding Article, “Impact of Sapien 3 Balloon-Expandable Versus Evolut R Self-Expandable Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Patients With Aortic Stenosis: Data From a Nationwide Analysis”
Authors: Pierre Deharo, Arnaud Bisson, Christophe Saint Etienne, Laurent Fauchier
Journal: Circulation (2020)
Dissecting transcriptional heterogeneity in primary gastric adenocarcinoma by single cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Min Zhang, Shuofeng Hu, Min Min, Yanli Ni, Zheng Lu, Xiaotian Sun, Jiaqi Wu, Bing Liu, Xiaomin Ying, Yan Liu
Journal: Gut (2020)

Tumour heterogeneity represents a major obstacle to accurate diagnosis and treatment in gastric adenocarcinoma (GA). Here, we report a systematic transcriptional atlas to delineate molecular and cellular heterogeneity in GA using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq).We performed unbiased transcriptome-wide scRNA-seq analysis on 27 677 cells from 9 tumour and 3 non-tumour samples. Analysis results were validated using large-scale histological assays and bulk transcriptomic datasets.Our integrative analysis of tumour cells identified five cell subgroups with distinct expression profiles. A panel of differentiation-related genes reveals a high diversity of differentiation degrees within and between tumours. Low differentiation degrees can predict poor prognosis in GA. Among them, three subgroups exhibited different differentiation grade which corresponded well to histopathological features of Lauren's subtypes. Interestingly, the other two subgroups displayed unique transcriptome features. One subgroup expressing chief-cell markers (eg, LIPF and PGC) and RNF43 with Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway activated is consistent with the previously described entity fundic gland-type GA (chief cell-predominant, GA-FG-CCP). We further confirmed the presence of GA-FG-CCP in two public bulk datasets using transcriptomic profiles and histological images. The other subgroup specifically expressed immune-related signature genes (eg, LY6K and major histocompatibility complex class II) with the infection of Epstein-Barr virus. In addition, we also analysed non-malignant epithelium and provided molecular evidences for potential transition from gastric chief cells into MUC6+TFF2+ spasmolytic polypeptide expressing metaplasia.Altogether, our study offers valuable resource for deciphering gastric tumour heterogeneity, which will provide assistance for precision diagnosis and prognosis.
Estimated Prevalence of Asthma in US Children With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Luyu Xie, Andrew Gelfand, George L. Delclos, Folefac D. Atem, Harold W. Kohl, Sarah E. Messiah
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

The prevalence of asthma in US children with various developmental disabilities and delays is unclear, including how estimates vary by ethnic group.To report asthma prevalence estimates by various disability categories and developmental delays in a diverse sample of the US pediatric population.This population-based cross-sectional study encompassed a total of 71 811 families with children or adolescents aged 0 to 17 years (hereinafter referred to as children) who participated in the 2016 and 2017 National Survey of Children's Health. Data were collected from June 10, 2016, to February 10, 2017, for the 2016 survey and from August 10, 2017, to February 10, 2018, for the 2017 survey. Data were analyzed from September 20, 2019, to April 5, 2020.Developmental disability, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, seizure, intellectual and/or learning disability, and vision, hearing, and/or speech delay. Delay was defined as not meeting growth milestones with unknown cause.Weighted asthma prevalence estimates and 95% CIs were generated for children with and without disabilities.A total of 71 811 participants (mean [SE] age, 8.6 [0.1] years; 36 800 boys [51.1%; 95% CI, 50.2%-52.0%]; 50 219 non-Hispanic white [51.4%; 95% CI, 50.6%-52.3%]) were included in our final analytical sample, of whom 5687 (7.9%; 95% CI, 7.5%-8.4%) had asthma and 11 426 (15.3%; 95% CI, 14.7%-16.0%) had at least 1 disability. Overall asthma prevalence estimates were 10 percentage points higher in children with a disability (16.1%; 95% CI, 14.3%-17.8%) vs children without a disability (6.5%; 95% CI, 6.0%-6.9%). The odds of asthma were significantly higher in children with a disability (odds ratio [OR], 2.77; 95% CI, 2.39-3.21) or delay (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.78-2.77) vs typically growing children. Adjusted models remained significant for all disability categories (overall adjusted OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.87-2.62). Subgroup analyses showed ethnic minorities had a higher prevalence of concurrent asthma and developmental disabilities vs non-Hispanic whites (19.8% [95% CI, 16.6%-23.0%] vs 12.6% [95% CI, 11.1%-14.0%]; P < .001).These results suggest that US children with various developmental disabilities or delay may have higher odds for developing asthma vs their typically developing peers. These findings support asthma screening in pediatric health care settings among patients with developmental disabilities and delays, particularly among those from ethnic minority backgrounds. In addition, very young children with asthma should be screened for disabilities and delays, because temporality cannot be determined by the current data source and analytical approach.
Best practice statements and recommendations for caring for critically ill patients with COVID-19
Authors: Siddharth P. Dugar, Saraschandra Vallabhajosyula
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Alhazzani W, Møller MH, Arabi YM, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: guidelines on the management of critically ill adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Crit Care Med. 2020;48:e440-69. 32224769.
Cardiology Involvement in Patients With Breast Cancer Treated With Trastuzumab
Authors: Biniyam G. Demissei, Srinath Adusumalli, Rebecca A. Hubbard, Srinivas Denduluri, Vivek Narayan, Amy S. Clark, Payal Shah, Hayley Knollman, Kelly D. Getz, Richard Aplenc, Joseph R. Carver, Bonnie Ky
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2020)

There is limited evidence regarding the impact of cardiology involvement in the care of cancer patients. This study evaluated the impact of cardiology involvement on guideline-adherent cardiovascular monitoring and risk factor management in patients with breast cancer treated with trastuzumab. In a single-center retrospective cohort study, electronic health records from 1,047 patients with breast cancer receiving trastuzumab between January 2009 and July 2018 were evaluated. A visit to a cardiology provider beginning from the 3 months before cancer therapy initiation until the last contact date defined cardiology involvement. Guideline-adherent monitoring, defined by echocardiography assessment within the 4 months before trastuzumab initiation and follow-up echocardiography at least every 4 months during therapy, was compared in patients with and without cardiology involvement before treatment initiation. Multivariable associations between cardiology involvement and the time-varying risk factors blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were assessed by using generalized estimating equations. Cardiology involvement occurred in 293 (28%) patients. A higher proportion of patients with cardiology involvement before trastuzumab initiation had guideline-adherent monitoring (76.4% vs. 60.1%; p = 0.007). Cardiology involvement was associated with an average 1.5 mm Hg (95% CI: –2.9 to –0.1; p = 0.035) lower systolic blood pressure, which was more pronounced in those with hypertension (–2.7 mm Hg; 95% CI: –4.6 to –0.7; p = 0.007). Cardiology involvement was associated with a lower BMI in patients with baseline BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (mean difference: –0.5 kg/m2; 95% CI: –1.0 to –0.1; p = 0.027). Cardiology involvement in patients with breast cancer treated with trastuzumab is associated with greater adherence to cardiovascular monitoring and modest improvements in risk factor control.
COVID-19 in Africa: the spread and response
Authors: Marguerite Massinga Loembé, Akhona Tshangela, Stephanie J. Salyer, Jay K. Varma, Ahmed E. Ogwell Ouma, John N. Nkengasong
Journal: Nature Medicine (2020)

Given the current trends in incidence and underlying healthcare systems vulnerabilities, Africa could become the next epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. As the pandemic transitions to more widespread community transmission, how can the lessons learned thus far be consolidated to effectively curb the spread of COVID-19 while minimizing social disruption and negative humanitarian and economic consequences?
EVALUATING MRI-DETECTED TENOSYNOVITIS IN EARLY ARTHRITIS
Authors: W.P. Nieuwenhuis, A. Krabben, W. Stomp, J.L. Bloem, T.W.J. Huizinga, M. Reijnierse, A.H.M. van der Helm-van Mil
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)
Abstract 445: Autophagy is Essential for Remote Preconditioning Induced Cardioprotection and May Involve JAK-STAT Pathway for Autophagy Activation
Authors: Muntasir Billah, Anisyah Ridiandries, Levon Khachigian, Anthony Dona, Ravinay Bhindi
Journal: Circulation Research (2017)

Autophagy is a cellular process by which mammalian cells degrade and recycle damaged organelles and proteins. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) protects the myocardium from ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and is thought to involve upregulation of autophagy. In this study we aim to ascertain the role of autophagy in RIPC induced cardioprotection. Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to transient blockade of left anterior descending coronary artery to simulate I/R injury, with or without prior RIPC at the hind limb. RIPC prior I/R decreased myocardial infarct size (51.5 ± 3.5% vs. 30.2 ± 5.16%; n=7, p&lt;0.05), PARP cleavage and upregulated autophagy in the myocardium compared to I/R alone (p&lt;0.05). RIPC alone increased autophagy in a time dependent manner in the myocardium. To further examine the effect of autophagy, H9C2 rat cardiomyoblast cells were exposed to RIPC following I/R simulation. 3-methyladenine (10mM) was used to inhibit autophagy, which ameliorated the cardioprotective effect of RIPC in H9C2 cells, producing significant increases in apoptosis and Bax protein expression, and decreasing cell viability compared to the untreated cells (p&lt;0.05). In contrast, autophagy stimulation with rapamycin (1000nm) significantly reduced apoptosis and Bax protein expression, and improved cell viability in H9C2 cells compared to H/R group mimicking the preconditioning effect (p&lt;0.05). In addition, RIPC of H9C2 cells upregulated IL-6 protein release into the preconditioned media. H9C2 cells exposed to this preconditioned media prior I/R were protected against apoptosis and upregulated autophagy. Recombinant IL-6 treatment prior I/R upregulated autophagy in H9C2 cells in a dose dependent manner, activating JAK-STAT pathway (p&lt;0.05 vs. I/R) without affecting the other kinase pathways including p38 MAPK, GSK-3β pathways. Blocking JAK-STAT pathway with AG-490 (50 μM) prior I/R reduced autophagy upregulation despite recombinant IL-6 treatment (p&lt;0.05 vs. IL-6 treated I/R control). These results suggest that, autophagy is essential for RIPC induced cardioprotection and RIPC may upregulate autophagy through IL-6/JAK-STAT dependent mechanism, thus identifying a potentially new therapeutic option for the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
Polymer–Covalent Organic Frameworks Composites for Glucose and pH Dual‐Responsive Insulin Delivery in Mice
Authors: Guiyang Zhang, Yan Ji, Xinle Li, Xiaoyun Wang, Mengmeng Song, Huilin Gou, Shan Gao, Xudong Jia
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Glucose and pH dual‐responsive insulin delivery carriers that have been validated in animal models, remain elusive and much desired. Herein, a new class of covalent organic frameworks (COFs)‐based insulin delivery nanocarriers is developed by encapsulating insulin (Ins) and glucose oxidase (GOx) into COFs (COF‐1 and COF‐5) via both Brønsted and Lewis type (N:→B) complexations. Subsequently, polyethylene glycolated fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC‐PEG) is incorporated into the COFs via the exchange reactions between the disulfide in insulin chains and the thiol in FITC‐PEG to afford a robust nano‐assembly (FITC‐PEG‐COF@Ins‐GOx). In vitro, the nanocarriers rely on the boroxine‐linked COFs’ response to pH and glucose dual‐stimulation and rendered sustainable insulin delivery. In vivo, the polymer–COFs composite displays excellent long‐acting anti‐diabetic effects on type 1 diabetic mice within 72 h without side effects after one injection. More intriguingly, the nanocomposites also show great promise for the efficient delivery of native proteins with high generality. To the authors’ knowledge, this represents the first study pertaining to a facile methodology to prepare COF‐based insulin‐delivery nanocarriers for in vitro and in vivo therapeutic applications.
Comparing Circulating Tumor Cell Counts with Dynamic Tumor Size Changes as Predictor of Overall Survival: A Quantitative Modeling Framework
Authors: Ida Netterberg, Mats O. Karlsson, Leon W.M.M. Terstappen, Miriam Koopman, Cornelis J.A. Punt, Lena E. Friberg
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Purpose: Quantitative relationships between treatment-induced changes in tumor size and circulating tumor cell (CTC) counts, and their links to overall survival (OS), are lacking. We present a population modeling framework identifying and quantifying such relationships, based on longitudinal data collected in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) to evaluate the value of tumor size and CTC counts as predictors of OS. Experimental Design: A pharmacometric approach (i.e., population pharmacodynamic modeling) was used to characterize the changes in tumor size and CTC count and evaluate them as predictors of OS in 451 patients with mCRC treated with chemotherapy and targeted therapy in a prospectively randomized phase III study (CAIRO2). Results: A tumor size model of tumor quiescence and drug resistance was used to characterize the tumor size time-course, and was, in addition to the total normalized dose (i.e., of all administered drugs) in a given cycle, related to the CTC counts through a negative binomial model (CTC model). Tumor size changes did not contribute additional predictive value when the mean CTC count was a predictor of OS. Treatment reduced the typical mean count from 1.43 to 0.477 (HR = 3.94). The modeling framework was applied to explore whether dose modifications (increased and reduced) would result in a CTC count below 1/7.5 mL after 1 to 2 weeks of treatment. Conclusions: Time-varying CTC counts can be useful for early predicting OS in patients with mCRC, and may therefore have potential for model-based treatment individualization. Although tumor size was connected to CTC, its link to OS was weaker.
AB1290-HPR UTILITY OF FRAX IN THE RISK DETECTION OF FRACTURE IN SPONDYLOARTHRITIS
Authors: D. Palma Sanchez, A. Haro, M. J. Moreno, E. Peñas, M. Mayor, M. Moreno, L. F. Linares Ferrando
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: Axial spondyloarthritis (SpAax) presents an increased risk of vertebral fracture not fully detected by Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The FRAX algorithms give the 10-year probability of hip fracture and of mayor osteoporotic fracture (clinical spine, forearm, hip or shoulder fracture), taking into account 11 clinical risk factors. Objectives: To analyze the suitability of FRAX to detect the risk of fracture in patients with SpAax. To assess whether the incorporation of SpAax as a clinical risk factor to conventional FRAX provides additional information. Methods: Cross-sectional study in which SpAax patients (ASAS criteria) were included. Clinical-demographic and related to the disease variables were collected. FRIDEX model for Spanish population was used to determine low, intermediate or high risk of mayor fracture by FRAX. These results were compared with those obtained by DXA and trabecular bone score (TBS). In the statistical analysis we used mean and standard deviation (SD) in quantitative variables and frequency in qualitative ones. To compare means among 3 groups, ANOVA test was used. Results: The characteristics of the patients are shown in Table 1. According to FRIDEX, no patient had high risk of fracture and 2.4% had intermediate risk. When SpAax was added as a risk factor, no patient had high risk of fracture and 6.1% presented intermediate risk. According to DXA, 7.3% had high risk of fracture and 41.3% intermediate risk. TBS detected high risk of fracture in 18.3% and intermediate risk also in 18.3% of patients. Table 1. Sociodemographic, clinical and related characteristics with the disease (BMD: bone mineral density, BMI: index of body mass) Gender (Male), n (%) 61 (74.4) Age, mean ± SD 49.48 ± 12.47 BMI, mean ± SD 27.13 ± 4.42 Smoking, n (%) 26 (31.7) Diabetes mellitus, n (%) 9 (11) Osteoporotic fracture, n (%) 1 (1.2) Disease duration (years), mean ± SD 11.77 ± 10 syndesmophytes, n (%) 38 (46.3) ASDAS-PCR, mean ± SD 2.55 ± 1.07 Lumbar BMD (g / cm 2 ), mean ± SD 1.032 ± 0.180 BMD femoral neck (g / cm 2 ), mean ± SD 0.816 ± 0.140 Lumbar TBS, mean ± SD 1.383 ± 0.133 Conclusion: FRAX does not seem an adequate tool to detect the risk of fracture in patients with SpAax since it did not improve the results obtained by DXA meanwhile TBS did. The incorporation of SpAax as a clinical risk factor to conventional FRAX did not provide additional information in most cases Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Reduced CXCR4-expression on CD34-positive blood cells predicts outcomes of persons with primary myelofibrosis
Authors: Giovanni Barosi, Vittorio Rosti, Paolo Catarsi, Laura Villani, Carlotta Abbà, Adriana Carolei, Umberto Magrini, Robert Peter Gale, Margherita Massa, Rita Campanelli
Journal: Leukemia (2020)
Biocides: Durable Antibacterial Cotton Fabrics Based on Natural Borneol‐Derived Anti‐MRSA Agents (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 11/2020)
Authors: Liu Yang, Chengdong Zhan, Xiangyue Huang, Liangzhi Hong, Liming Fang, Wen Wang, Jianyu Su
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)
Nanobottles for Controlled Release and Drug Delivery
Authors: Jichuan Qiu, Jianchang Xu, Younan Xia
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Nanobottles refer to colloidal particles with a hollow interior and a single opening in the wall. These unique features make them ideal carriers for the loading, encapsulation, release, and delivery of various types of theranostic agents in an array of biomedical applications. The hollow interior gives them a high loading capacity while the opening enables quick loading and controlled release of the payload(s). More significantly, on-demand release can be readily achieved by adding a stimuli-responsive material as the inner matrix or cork stopper. This progress report begins with an introduction to the general structures and properties of nanobottles, followed by a brief discussion on the methods developed for their fabrication. The use of nanobottles for loading different types of payloads is then showcased, including small-molecule drugs, biomacromolecules, imaging contrast agents, and functional nanoparticles. The strategies explored for controlling the release by varying the size of the opening and/or integrating with a stimuli-responsive material are also highlighted. This paper concludes with some perspectives on future directions for this class of nanomaterials in terms of fabrication, functionalization, and application.