tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Central reader evaluation of MRI scans of the sacroiliac joints from the ASAS classification cohort: discrepancies with local readers and impact on the performance of the ASAS criteria
Authors: Walter P Maksymowych, Susanne Juhl Pedersen, Ulrich Weber, Xenofon Baraliakos, Pedro M Machado, Iris Eshed, Manouk de Hooge, Joachim Sieper, Stephanie Wichuk, Martin Rudwaleit, Désirée van der Heijde, Robert B M Landewé, Denis Poddubnyy, Mikkel Ostergaard, Robert G W Lambert
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) MRI working group conducted a multireader exercise on MRI scans from the ASAS classification cohort to assess the spectrum and evolution of lesions in the sacroiliac joint and impact of discrepancies with local readers on numbers of patients classified as axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).Seven readers assessed baseline scans from 278 cases and 8 readers assessed baseline and follow-up scans from 107 cases. Agreement for detection of MRI lesions between central and local readers was assessed descriptively and by the kappa statistic. We calculated the number of patients classified as axSpA by the ASAS criteria after replacing local detection of active lesions by central readers and replacing local reader radiographic sacroiliitis by central reader structural lesions on MRI.Structural lesions, especially erosions, were as frequent as active lesions (≈40%), the majority of patients having both types of lesions. The ASAS definitions for active MRI lesion typical of axSpA and erosion were comparatively discriminatory between axSpA and non-axSpA. Local reader overcall for active MRI lesions was about 30% but this had a minor impact on the number of patients (6.4%) classified as axSpA. Substitution of radiography with MRI structural lesions also had little impact on classification status (1.4%).Despite substantial discrepancy between central and local readers in interpretation of both types of MRI lesion, this had a minor impact on the numbers of patients classified as axSpA supporting the robustness of the ASAS criteria for differences in assessment of imaging.
Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative trial
Authors: Christopher B Granger, John JV McMurray, Salim Yusuf, Peter Held, Eric L Michelson, Bertil Olofsson, Jan Östergren, Marc A Pfeffer, Karl Swedberg
Journal: The Lancet (2003)
Guidance for the Conduct and Reporting of Clinical Trials of Breast Milk Substitutes
Authors: Katharine Jarrold, Bartosz Helfer, Mona Eskander, Helen Crawley, Jillian Trabulsi, Laura E. Caulfield, Gillian Duffy, Vanessa Garcia-Larsen, Deborah Hayward, Matthew Hyde, Suzan Jeffries, Mikael Knip, Jo Leonardi-Bee, Elizabeth Loder, Caroline J. Lodge, Adrian J. Lowe, William McGuire, David Osborn, Hildegard Przyrembel, Mary J. Renfrew, Paula Trumbo, John Warner, Barbara Schneeman, Robert J. Boyle
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Breast milk substitutes (BMS) are important nutritional products evaluated in clinical trials. Concerns have been raised about the risk of bias in BMS trials, the reliability of claims that arise from such trials, and the potential for BMS trials to undermine breastfeeding in trial participants. Existing clinical trial guidance does not fully address issues specific to BMS trials. <h3>Objectives</h3> To establish new methodological criteria to guide the design, conduct, analysis, and reporting of BMS trials and to support clinical trialists designing and undertaking BMS trials, editors and peer reviewers assessing trial reports for publication, and regulators evaluating the safety, nutritional adequacy, and efficacy of BMS products. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A modified Delphi method was conducted, involving 3 rounds of anonymous questionnaires and a face-to-face consensus meeting between January 1 and October 24, 2018. Participants were 23 experts in BMS trials, BMS regulation, trial methods, breastfeeding support, infant feeding research, and medical publishing, and were affiliated with institutions across Europe, North America, and Australasia. Guidance development was supported by an industry consultation, analysis of methodological issues in a sample of published BMS trials, and consultations with BMS trial participants and a research ethics committee. <h3>Results</h3> An initial 73 criteria, derived from the literature, were sent to the experts. The final consensus guidance contains 54 essential criteria and 4 recommended criteria. An 18-point checklist summarizes the criteria that are specific to BMS trials. Key themes emphasized in the guidance are research integrity and transparency of reporting, supporting breastfeeding in trial participants, accurate description of trial interventions, and use of valid and meaningful outcome measures. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Implementation of this guidance should enhance the quality and validity of BMS trials, protect BMS trial participants, and better inform the infant nutrition community about BMS products.
Long-standing Crohn’s disease and its implication on anal squamous cell cancer management.
Authors: Sara Moncrief, Kellie L. Mathis, Amy Lightner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

576 Background: Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is rare, accounting for 1% of gastrointestinal malignancies, but the incidence is rising. Risk factors for the development of ASCC in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) include immunotherapy, increased duration of disease, and chronic fistulizing perianal disease. We sought to understand management strategies for ASCC in the setting of CD. Methods: A retrospective review from 2001-2016 was conducted for ICD-9/10 codes pertaining to Crohn’s disease (CD) (555.9/ K50) and ASCC (154.3/C44.520). Adult patients with a diagnosis of CD at the time of ASCC diagnosis were included. Results: A total of 7 patients (5 female) were included with a median age of 50 years. The majority presented with perianal pain (4) and bleeding (3). The mean duration of CD was 20 years, and all patients had perianal disease for &gt; 10 years. Five patients had perianal fistulizing disease at the time of ASCC presentation. Clinical stage at diagnosis of ASCC was stage 0 (n = 1), I (n = 1), II (n = 1), III (n = 2), IV (n = 1), and unknown (n = 1). All patients were treated with Nigro protocol which included radiation (50-55Gy), 5-fluorouracil, and mitomycin; 1 patient received cisplatin due to concurrent Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Three patients required fecal diversion during radiation due to significant perianal disease. Two patients experienced complications related to radiation including anal and vaginal stenosis and an anovaginal fistula. One additional patient required an APR with rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap for uncontrolled CD after treatment. During follow-up, 3 of the 7 patients undergoing definitive chemoradiation developed residual or recurrent disease and required salvage APR. All patients were alive at last follow-up, 2 with metastatic disease. 5-year disease free survival was 56%. Conclusions: Patients with ASCC in the setting of CD may be managed with the standard Nigro protocol, but complications from radiation are common in this setting. Three of seven patients required salvage surgery for residual or recurrent disease, and an additional patient required APR for palliation of CD symptoms. Given the aggressive nature of ASCC in this population, surveillance guidelines are necessary.
Neuroimaging Evidence for Increased Neurite Density in Patients Taking Lithium: A Replication Study
Authors: Samuel Sarrazin, Cyril Poupon, Ivy Uszynski, Achille Teillac, Jean-François Mangin, Mircea Polosan, Pauline Favre, Charles Laidi, Marc-Antoine D'Albis, Marion Leboyer, Pierre-Marie Lledo, Chantal Henry, Louise Emsell, Mohammed K. Shakeel, Vina M. Goghari, Josselin Houenou
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2020)
Mechanisms of postprandial protein accretion in human skeletal muscle. Insight from leucine and phenylalanine forearm kinetics.
Authors: P Tessari, M Zanetti, R Barazzoni, M Vettore, F Michielan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The relative role of protein synthesis and degradation in determining postprandial net protein deposition in human muscle is not known. To this aim, we studied forearm leucine and phenylalanine turnover by combining the arteriovenous catheterization with tracer infusions, before and following a 4 h administration of a mixed meal in normal volunteers. Forearm amino acid kinetics were assessed in both whole blood and plasma. Fasting forearm protein degradation exceeded synthesis (P < 0.01) using either tracer, indicating net muscle protein loss. The net negative forearm protein balance was quantitatively similar in whole blood and in plasma. After the meal, forearm proteolysis was suppressed (P < 0.05- < 0.03), while forearm protein synthesis was stimulated (P < 0.05- < 0.01). However, stimulation of protein synthesis was greater (P < 0.05- < 0.01) in whole blood (leucine data: +50.4 +/- 7.8 nmol/min x 100 ml of forearm; phenylalanine data: +30.4 +/- 11.6) than in plasma (leucine data: +17.8 +/- 5.6 nmol/min x 100 ml of forearm; phenylalanine data: +5.7 +/- 2.1). Consequently, the increment of net amino acid balance was approximately two to fourfold greater (P < 0.04- < 0.03) in whole blood than in plasma. In conclusion, meal ingestion stimulates forearm protein deposition through both enhanced protein synthesis and inhibited proteolysis. Plasma data underestimate net postprandial forearm protein synthesis, suggesting a key role of red blood cells and/or of blood mass in mediating mealenhanced protein accretion.
TCT-593 Multi-Center, Prospective, Randomized, Single-Blind, Consecutive Enrollment Evaluation of the Elixir DESyne® Novolimus-Eluting Coronary Stent System with Durable Polymer Compared to the Endeavor Zotarolimus-Eluting Coronary Stent System: Final Results from the EXCELLA II Study
Authors: Stefan Verheye, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Christophe Dubois, Karl-Eugen Hauptmann, John A. Ormiston, James T. Stewart, Joachim Schofer, Karl Stangl, Peter J. Fitzgerald, lynn morrison, Sara Toyloy, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Progress in Multiple Sclerosis Research
Authors: Stephen L. Hauser
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Radionuclide Imaging of Children
Authors: Reza Vali, Susan McQuattie, Amer Shammas
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Although many types of radionuclide studies are similar in adults and children, there is specific consideration to be aware of in the pediatric population. Careful planning and good communication is essential for acquiring an optimum study. Having the appropriate tools, environment, and enough time is of pivotal importance. In addition, it is important to be aware of the normal variances and appropriate thresholds in order to interpret an activity as abnormal in children as compared with adults. In this chapter we review the common nuclear medicine procedures in children, focusing on the indication of the study, patient preparation, dose of the radioactivity, and the interpretation of the studies. Furthermore, common pediatric protocols are also summarized for the quick review. We hope this chapter is useful for learning the practical information nuclear medicine physicians or radiologists need to know for pediatric cases.
Variability in brain death determination practices in children
Authors: R. E. Mejia
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To investigate variability in practices for determining brain death and organ procurement results in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective cohort study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Pediatric ICUs. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Children undergoing brain death evaluations selected from 5415 consecutive PICU admissions. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Data from children undergoing brain death evaluations including number of coma examinations, number and duration of apnea tests, Pco<sub>2</sub>measurements at the end of the apnea test, ancillary tests used to confirm brain death, organ procurement, and reasons for nonprocurement. <h3>Results.</h3> —A total of 93 (37%) of 248 deaths were brain deaths. Compared with the other deaths, children who were classified as brain dead were sicker on admission (mean Pediatric Risk of Mortality [PRISM] score±SD: 31±11 vs 23±12,<i>P</i>&lt;.001; pre-ICU cardiopulmonary resuscitation: 72% vs 40%, P&lt;.001), and had more traumatic injuries (42% vs 12%,<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Variability in apnea testing included lack of apnea testing in 23 patients (25%) and controversial apnea testing practices in 20 patients (22%). Three patients (3%) had brain death evaluations within hours of discontinuing barbiturate infusions, and four of 30 patients younger than 1 year did not have a confirmatory test. Solid organ procurement was successful in 32%. Reasons for nonprocurement included parental refusal (12%), disease state (12%), and medical examiner's case (22%). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Substantial variability exists in the criteria used by clinicians for the diagnosis of brain death. Some practices are contradictory to the Guidelines for the Determination of Brain Death in Children and to recommendations for apnea testing. Organ procurement could be improved by increased medical examiner cooperation. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:550-553)
Surgery of the Anus, Rectum and Colon
Authors: R. Dale Liechty
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In the preface to this fourth edition, Dr Goligher says: "I have tried to reflect the various divergencies of opinion on controversial points, but have also considered it my duty to leave the reader in no doubt as to my own views on all such issues." To the great benefit of the reader, he leaves no doubt. Here are some examples. On anal fissure: "Lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy is now my preferred treatment of idiopathic anal fissure." On internal hemorrhoids: "I use injection treatment in the first instance in most of my cases and the other methods are reserved for the 20% or so of patients who either have very large prolapsing piles... or soon develop recurrent symptoms after injection." On cancer: "In my cases of rectal and colon carcinomas requiring the removal of other adherent organs I have found that only in one-third were the adhesions due to neoplastic involvement....
Role of FDG-PET/CT in Detecting Lymphomatous Bone Marrow Involvement in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Junshik Hong, Yukyung Lee, Seog Gyun Kim, Kyung Hoon Hwang, Soon Ho Park, Jihoon Jeong, Kyung-Hee Kim, Jeong Yeal Ahn, Sanghui Park, Jinny Park, Jae Hoon Lee
Journal: Blood (2011)
Combating physical inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ana Jéssica Pinto, David W. Dunstan, Neville Owen, Eloisa Bonfá, Bruno Gualano
Journal: Nature Reviews Rheumatology (2020)

Physical inactivity is common during periods of self-isolation, but for patients with rheumatic diseases, there are crucial benefits to be gained from maintaining an active lifestyle throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients should be provided with support to maintain physical activity and avoid prolonged periods of time spent sitting.
The functions of CAP superfamily proteins in mammalian fertility and disease
Authors: Avinash S Gaikwad, Jinghua Hu, David G Chapple, Moira K O’Bryan
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2020)

Members of the cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPS), antigen 5 (Ag5) and pathogenesis-related 1 (Pr-1) (CAP) superfamily of proteins are found across the bacterial, fungal, plant and animal kingdoms. Although many CAP superfamily proteins remain poorly characterized, over the past decade evidence has accumulated, which provides insights into the functional roles of these proteins in various processes, including fertilization, immune defence and subversion, pathogen virulence, venom toxicology and cancer biology.The aim of this article is to summarize the current state of knowledge on CAP superfamily proteins in mammalian fertility, organismal homeostasis and disease pathogenesis.The scientific literature search was undertaken via PubMed database on all articles published prior to November 2019. Search terms were based on following keywords: 'CAP superfamily', 'CRISP', 'Cysteine-rich secretory proteins', 'Antigen 5', 'Pathogenesis-related 1', 'male fertility', 'CAP and CTL domain containing', 'CRISPLD1', 'CRISPLD2', 'bacterial SCP', 'ion channel regulator', 'CatSper', 'PI15', 'PI16', 'CLEC', 'PRY proteins', 'ASP proteins', 'spermatogenesis', 'epididymal maturation', 'capacitation' and 'snake CRISP'. In addition to that, reference lists of primary and review article were reviewed for additional relevant publications.In this review, we discuss the breadth of knowledge on CAP superfamily proteins with regards to their protein structure, biological functions and emerging significance in reproduction, health and disease. We discuss the evolution of CAP superfamily proteins from their otherwise unembellished prokaryotic predecessors into the multi-domain and neofunctionalized members found in eukaryotic organisms today. At least in part because of the rapid evolution of these proteins, many inconsistencies in nomenclature exist within the literature. As such, and in part through the use of a maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of the vertebrate CRISP subfamily, we have attempted to clarify this confusion, thus allowing for a comparison of orthologous protein function between species. This framework also allows the prediction of functional relevance between species based on sequence and structural conservation.This review generates a picture of critical roles for CAP proteins in ion channel regulation, sterol and lipid binding and protease inhibition, and as ligands involved in the induction of multiple cellular processes.
Abstract 13918: Outcomes and Effect of PCI Strategies in Culprit-Shock Patients With and Without St-Segment Elevation
Authors: Michel Zeitouni, Georges Hage, Olivier Barthelemy, Marie Hauguel, Paul Guedeney, Stephanie Rouanet, Pavel Overtchouk, delphine brugier, Nicolas Vignolles, Mathieu Kerneis, Johanne Silvain, Jean P Collet, Eric Vicaut, Suzanne de Waha, Steffen Desch, Uwe Zeymer, Holger Thiele, Gilles Montalescot
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Little is known about cardiogenic shock related to NSTEMI. OBJECTIVE To compare characteristics and outcomes of cardiogenic shock related to NSTEMI vs. STEMI and the effect modification...
Recent Advances in Pathology
Authors: E VON HAMM
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cutaneous lesions in a patient with COVID‐19: are they related?
Authors: B. Ahouach, S. Harent, A. Ullmer, P. Martres, E. Bégon, L. Blum, O. Tess, C. Bachmeyer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

DEAR EDITOR, A previously healthy 57-year-old woman presented with fever (39 °C) lasting for 4 days, and dry cough and rash appeared 2 days before.Diffuse fixed erythematous blanching maculopapular lesions were present, asymptomatic over the limbs and trunk, with burning sensation over the palms (a, b).She denied any drug intake, excepting paracetamol for fever.Thorax computed tomography scan was typical of COVID-19; nasopharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed SARS-CoV-2.Infectious enquiry was otherwise negative.Skin biopsy specimen showed slight spongiosis, basal cell vacuolation and mild perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate (c).PCR on whole-skin biopsy specimen was negative for SARS-CoV-2.Fever and rash resolved within 9 days, dry cough within 2 weeks.Urticarial and chilblain-like lesions have been reported in patients with COVID-19, but other phenotypes could be observed. 1,2In our patient an immune reaction to the virus is possible.
Abstract 17302: Apico-Basal Gradient of Left Ventricular Myocardial Edema Underlies Transient T-Wave Inversion and QT Interval Prolongation (Wellens' ECG Pattern) In Tako-tsubo Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Martina Perazzolo Marra, Alessandro Zorzi, Francesco Corbetti, Manuel De Lazzari, Federico Migliore, Francesco Tona, Giuseppe Tarantini, Sabino Iliceto, Domenico Corrado
Journal: Circulation (2012)
Management of respiratory failure due to covid-19
Authors: Susan R Wilcox
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The most concerning complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection (covid-19) is acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation.Numerous mechanisms have been suggested for the substantial hypoxaemia seen in many patients. 1These include pulmonary oedema, haemoglobinopathies, vascular occlusion, and a mismatch between ventilation and perfusion.The available histopathology, however, shows diffuse alveolar damage 2 consistent with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Several of the other suggested aetiologies are also consistent with ARDS, and microvascular and macrovascular thrombi in ARDS have been recognised for decades. 3The variable pulmonary compliance associated with severe covid-19 is comparable with pulmonary compliance values reported for ARDS. 4 5 The heterogeneity of ARDS is well documented, with distinct subtypes related to the degree of inflammation and response to positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP). 5 6Overall, the pathology seen in patients with covid-19 is very similar to established descriptions of ARDS.