tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dietary supplementation with inulin-propionate ester or inulin improves insulin sensitivity in adults with overweight and obesity with distinct effects on the gut microbiota, plasma metabolome and systemic inflammatory responses: a randomised cross-over trial
Authors: Edward S Chambers, Claire S Byrne, Douglas J Morrison, Kevin G Murphy, Tom Preston, Catriona Tedford, Isabel Garcia-Perez, Sofia Fountana, Jose Ivan Serrano-Contreras, Elaine Holmes, Catherine J Reynolds, Jordie F Roberts, Rosemary J Boyton, Daniel M Altmann, Julie A K McDonald, Julian R Marchesi, Arne N Akbar, Natalie E Riddell, Gareth A Wallis, Gary S Frost
Journal: Gut (2019)

Objective To investigate the underlying mechanisms behind changes in glucose homeostasis with delivery of propionate to the human colon by comprehensive and coordinated analysis of gut bacterial composition, plasma metabolome and immune responses. Design Twelve non-diabetic adults with overweight and obesity received 20 g/day of inulin-propionate ester (IPE), designed to selectively deliver propionate to the colon, a high-fermentable fibre control (inulin) and a low-fermentable fibre control (cellulose) in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. Outcome measurements of metabolic responses, inflammatory markers and gut bacterial composition were analysed at the end of each 42-day supplementation period. Results Both IPE and inulin supplementation improved insulin resistance compared with cellulose supplementation, measured by homeostatic model assessment 2 (mean±SEM 1.23±0.17 IPE vs 1.59±0.17 cellulose, p=0.001; 1.17±0.15 inulin vs 1.59±0.17 cellulose, p=0.009), with no differences between IPE and inulin (p=0.272). Fasting insulin was only associated positively with plasma tyrosine and negatively with plasma glycine following inulin supplementation. IPE supplementation decreased proinflammatory interleukin-8 levels compared with cellulose, while inulin had no impact on the systemic inflammatory markers studied. Inulin promoted changes in gut bacterial populations at the class level (increased Actinobacteria and decreased Clostridia) and order level (decreased Clostridiales) compared with cellulose, with small differences at the species level observed between IPE and cellulose. Conclusion These data demonstrate a distinctive physiological impact of raising colonic propionate delivery in humans, as improvements in insulin sensitivity promoted by IPE and inulin were accompanied with different effects on the plasma metabolome, gut bacterial populations and markers of systemic inflammation.
LBP-37-Evaluation of Hepatitis C Virus Rapid Diagnostic Test in HCV mono- and HCV/HIV co-infected patients from Low and Middle Income Countries
Authors: Beatrice Vetter, Elena Ivanova Reipold, Rosemary Audu, Maia Alkhazashvili, Anja De Weggheleire, Stefano Ongarello, Katrien Fransen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
THU-196-Efficacy of 8 versus 12-weeks treatment with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir in chronic hepatitis C patients eligible for 8-weeks regimen in real world setting
Authors: Dorota Zarebska-Michaluka, Jerzy Jaroszewicz, Klapaczynski Jakub, Marek Sitko, Aleksander Garlicki, Magdalena Tudrujek, Krzysztof Tomasiewicz, Teresa Belica-Wdowik, Barbara Baka-Ćwierz, Pawel Pabjan, Beata Lorenc, Agnieszka Czauż-Andrzejuk, Tronina Olga, Rafal Krygier, Beata Dobracka, Iwona Orłowska, Simon Krzysztof, Dorota Dybowska, Waldemar Halota, Małgorzata Pawłowska, Jolanta Citko, Łukasz Laurans, Wlodzimierz Mazur, Anna Piekarska, Ewa Janczewska, Łukasz Socha, Marta Wawrzynowicz-Syczewska, Deron Zbigniew, Hanna Berak, Horban Andrzej, Robert Flisiak
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
Association of Accelerometer-Measured Light-Intensity Physical Activity With Brain Volume
Authors: Nicole L. Spartano, Kendra L. Davis-Plourde, Jayandra J. Himali, Charlotte Andersson, Matthew P. Pase, Pauline Maillard, Charles DeCarli, Joanne M. Murabito, Alexa S. Beiser, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sudha Seshadri
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

Dementia risk may be attenuated by physical activity (PA); however, the specific activity levels optimal for dementia prevention are unclear. Moreover, most older adults are unable to meet the nationally recommended PA guidelines, set at 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous PA per week.To assess the association of total steps walked per day and total dose (intensity × duration) of PA with brain volumes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) among Framingham Heart Study participants.This cross-sectional, community-based cohort study of the association of accelerometry-determined PA with brain MRI measures in Framingham, Massachusetts, included the Framingham Heart Study third-generation (examination 2, 2008-2011) and offspring (examination 9, 2011-2014) cohorts. Of 4021 participants who agreed to wear an accelerometer and had valid data (≥10 hours/day for ≥3 days), 1667 participants who did not undergo brain MRI (n = 1604) or had prevalent dementia or stroke (n = 63) were excluded. Data analysis began in 2016 and was completed in February 2019.Physical activity achieved using accelerometry-derived total activity (steps per day) and 2 intensity levels (light intensity and moderate to vigorous intensity).Differences in total brain volume and other MRI markers of brain aging.The study sample of 2354 participants had a mean (SD) age of 53 (13) years, 1276 (54.2%) were women, and 1099 (46.7%) met the PA guidelines. Incremental light-intensity PA was associated with higher total brain volume; each additional hour of light-intensity PA was associated with approximately 1.1 years less brain aging (β estimate, 0.22; SD, 0.07; P = .003). Among individuals not meeting the PA guidelines, each hour of light-intensity PA (β estimate, 0.28; SD, 0.11; P = .01) and achieving 7500 steps or more per day (β estimate, 0.44; SD, 0.18; P = .02) were associated with higher total brain volume, equivalent to approximately 1.4 to 2.2 years less brain aging. After adjusting for light-intensity PA, neither increasing moderate to vigorous PA levels nor meeting the threshold moderate to vigorous PA level recommended by the PA guidelines were significantly associated with total brain volume.Every additional hour of light-intensity PA was associated with higher brain volumes, even among individuals not meeting current PA guidelines. These data are consistent with the notion that the potential benefits of PA on brain aging may accrue at a lower, more achievable level of intensity or duration.
Nanozyme-mediated catalytic nanotherapy for inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Jiulong Zhao, Wei Gao, Xiaojun Cai, Jiajia Xu, Duowu Zou, Zhaoshen Li, Bing Hu, Yuanyi Zheng
Journal: Theranostics (2019)

The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and causes oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids. These ROS promote the initiation and progression of ulcerative colitis (UC). This study proposes a unique concept of nanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme-like activity (nanozymes) to mediate catalytic nanotherapy for IBD. Methods: We first synthesized manganese Prussian blue nanozymes (MPBZs) with multi-enzyme activity. A dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of colitis was built. The ROS scavenging capacity and anti-inflammatory effects of the MPBZs were investigated. Results: As a proof of concept, MPBZs with multi-enzyme activity were constructed of variable valence elements (Mn and Fe) via a facile and efficient strategy. Due to the increased intestinal permeability and positively charged surfaces of inflamed mucosa in murine colitis, the prepared MPBZs with nanoscale sizes and negative charges preferentially accumulated at inflamed sites after oral administration. Importantly, MPBZs mediated catalytic nanotherapy for IBD in mice via a primary effect on the toll-like receptor signaling pathway without adverse side effects. Conclusion: MPBZs with multi-enzyme activity were constructed to treat IBD. This nanozyme-based approach is a promising strategy for catalytic nanotherapy in patients with colonic IBD.
Abstract 13937: Statin Eligibility, Coronary Artery Calcium, and Subsequent Cardiovascular Events According to the 2016 USPSTF Statin Guidelines: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Michael D Miedema, Zeina Dardari, Sina Kianoush, Salim S Virani, Joseph Yeboah, Thomas Knickelbine, Veit Sandfort, Carlos Rodriguez, Khurram Nasir, Michael J Blaha
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: The implications of the 2016 USPSTF guidelines on statin therapy for primary prevention of ASCVD on statin eligibility and subsequent ASCVD are unclear. Methods: We studied participan...
Evaluating the effect of neutropenic diet on infection and mortality rate in cancer patients: A meta-analysis.
Authors: Mohamad Bassam Sonbol, Belal Firwana, Maria Diab, Thomas E. Witzig
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

9619 Background: Dietary manipulation for patients undergoing chemotherapy has been proposed as a method to reduce the risk of infection. These diets, referred to as “neutropenic diets (ND)” usually restrict fresh raw fruits, raw vegetables, raw meat or soft cheeses. Regular diets (RD) generally include foods restricted in ND and are prepared within standardized FDA food safety guidelines. ND are used in transplant centers and hospital wards where cancer patients are being treated. The goal of this meta-analysis was to determine the effectiveness of ND over RD at preventing infection Methods: We searched the medical literature to identify studies comparing ND with RD in patients with cancer. Primary outcomes were mortality of any cause, major infections (pneumonia, bacteremia, or fungemia, or pneumonia accompanied with bacteremia or fungemia), and the composite outcome of neutropenic fever or infection (major infections as defined above, minor infections, or fever). The overall effect was calculated by use of a random effects model. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate influence of the included observational trials on outcomes. Results: Four studies were identified, 3 randomized trials and 1 observational study, encompassing 918 patients with cancer or stem cell transplant. Patients randomized to ND had no difference in major infection rate compared to the RD group (RR = 1.08, CI 0.72 to 1.61). ND patients also had a comparable mortality rate to the RD group (RR = 1.08, CI 0.78 to 1. 50). These results persisted after omitting the observational study from analysis. When analyzing for the overall composite outcome of any infection or fever, the hazard was significantly higher in ND arm compared to RD arm (RR 1.18, CI 1.05 to 1.34). Conclusions: This study shows no superiority or advantage with respect to mortality or infection of using neutropenic diet over a regular diet in neutropenic cancer patients. Larger randomized controlled studies are needed to further study this important dietary issue for patients. In the meantime, it may be time to relax the restrictions of ND in order to attain better nutrition.
FRI-160-The role of soluble propragmmed cell death protein 1 on HBV relapse after cessation of entecavir therapy in HBeAg-negative non-cirrhotic patients
Authors: Chien-Hung Chen, Jing-Houng Wang, Tsung-Hui Hu, Chao-Hung Hung, Sheng-Nan Lu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
A First-in-Human Study and Biomarker Analysis of NKTR-214, a Novel IL2Rβγ-Biased Cytokine, in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors
Authors: Salah-Eddine Bentebibel, Michael E. Hurwitz, Chantale Bernatchez, Cara Haymaker, Courtney W. Hudgens, Harriet M. Kluger, Michael T. Tetzlaff, Mary A. Tagliaferri, Jonathan Zalevsky, Ute Hoch, Christie Fanton, Sandra Aung, Patrick Hwu, Brendan D. Curti, Nizar M. Tannir, Mario Sznol, Adi Diab
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2019)

Abstract NKTR-214 (bempegaldesleukin) is a novel IL2 pathway agonist, designed to provide sustained signaling through heterodimeric IL2 receptor βγ to drive increased proliferation and activation of CD8+ T and natural killer cells without unwanted expansion of T regulatory cells (Treg) in the tumor microenvironment. In this first-in-human multicenter phase I study, NKTR-214 administered as an outpatient regimen was well tolerated and showed clinical activity including tumor shrinkage and durable disease stabilization in heavily pretreated patients. Immune activation and increased numbers of immune cells were observed in the periphery across all doses and cycles with no loss of NKTR-214 activity with repeated administration. On-treatment tumor biopsies demonstrated that NKTR-214 promoted immune cell increase with limited increase of Tregs. Transcriptional analysis of tumor biopsies showed that NKTR-214 engaged the IL2 receptor pathway and significantly increased genes associated with an effector phenotype. Based on safety and pharmacodynamic markers, the recommended phase II dose was determined to be 0.006 mg/kg every three weeks. Significance: We believe that IL2- and IL2 pathway–targeted agents such as NKTR-214 are key components to an optimal immunotherapy treatment algorithm. Based on its biological activity and tolerability, NKTR-214 is being studied with approved immuno-oncology agents including checkpoint inhibitors. See related commentary by Sullivan, p. 694. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 681
Association of<i>HLA-C*06:02</i>Status With Differential Response to Ustekinumab in Patients With Psoriasis
Authors: Lieke J. van Vugt, Juul M. P. A. van den Reek, Gerjon Hannink, Marieke J. H. Coenen, Elke M. G. J. de Jong
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2019)

Previous research showed a differential response to ustekinumab therapy based on HLA-C*06:02 status in patients with psoriasis but consisted mostly of small (and sometimes inconclusive) cohort studies.To assess whether HLA-C*06:02 status is associated with a differential response to ustekinumab therapy in patients with psoriasis through a systematic review and a meta-analysis of available data.A comprehensive search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and gray literature sources. Databases were searched from January 1, 2000, to May 14, 2018. Search strategies included terms and synonyms for psoriasis, HLA-C, and ustekinumab. Languages were restricted to English, French, German, and Dutch.Studies were included if they reported the association between HLA-C*06:02 status and 75% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI75) response to ustekinumab therapy in patients with plaque psoriasis after 6 and/or 3 months of treatment. Randomized clinical trials and observational studies were included. Screening and selection were performed independently by 2 reviewers.HLA-C*06:02 genotype status and PASI75 response rates were extracted by 2 reviewers. Data were pooled using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using the τ2 and I2 statistic. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) reporting guidelines were followed.The primary outcome was the risk difference of achieving PASI75 after 6 months of ustekinumab therapy between HLA-C*06:02-positive and HLA-C*06:02-negative patients.A total of 8 studies were reviewed; 1048 patients were included for meta-analyses, and 937 patients were included for the primary analysis of PASI75 response after 6 months of treatment. Random-effects meta-analysis showed a risk difference of 0.24 (95% CI, 0.14-0.35; P < .001) in favor of HLA-C*06:02-positive patients. The median PASI75 response rate in the HLA-C*06:02-positive group was 92% (pooled, 89%; range, 62%-98%). For HLA-C*06:02-negative patients, the median response rate was 67% (pooled, 62%; range, 40%-84%). Substantial heterogeneity may have been present, with an I2 of 82%.The meta-analysis showed a differential response to ustekinumab therapy based on HLA-C*06:02 status in patients with psoriasis. Although HLA-C*06:02-positive patients had high PASI75 response rates after 6 months, the PASI75 response rate was also high in the HLA-C*06:02-negative group. There appears to be no rationale for excluding patients from ustekinumab treatment based on a negative HLA-C*06:02 status.
Survival disparities in pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia: Analysis of population-based Florida cancer registry (1981-2009).
Authors: Erin Dunn, Kevin Joseph Moore, Feng Miao, Tulay Koru-Sengul
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e21000 Background: Leukemia is the most common cancer in children and teenagers. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) is more common than Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). We elucidated disparities in ALL and AML survival in the Floridian pediatric population (ages 0-19) across demographics like race, ethnicity, neighborhood poverty status (NPS), and gender. Methods: The Florida Cancer Data System (1981-2009) was linked with US census to explore median survival and 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates by demographics. Survival was compared by gender, race, ethnicity, NPS and modeled with multivariate Cox regression to calculate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Results: Of the 3,679 pediatric leukemia cases, 79.2% were ALL, 17.4% AML, and 3.4% CML. Overall ALL median survival was 3.4 yrs (95%CI:3.1-3.8) where White (3.8;3.4- 4.2) had longer median survival than Blacks (2.2;1.8-2.5) and Other races (3.0). Hispanic (4.6;3.4- 6.0) had longer survival than non-Hispanic (3.2). Middle-high NPS (3.9;3.2-5.4) had longest median survival while lowest NPS had shortest (2.8;2.2-3.4). Males (3.4) and females (3.5) had similar survival. Overall AML median survival was 1.2 yrs (1.0-1.3) with Whites (1.2;1.1-1.4) having longer median survival than Blacks (1.0;0.8-1.7) and Other races (1.1). Hispanics (1.3;1.1-1.8) had similar survival to non-Hispanics (1.1). For AML pediatric patients, median survival was similar for all NPS. Males (1.2) and females (1.1) had similar survival. For ALL, Blacks had worse survival compared to Whites (HR = [1.7];95% CI:1.4-2.1), and Hispanics had better survival than non-Hispanics ([0.7];0.6-0.8). Middle-high NPS had better survival than lowest NPS ([0.8];0.6-1.0). Similar significant survival disparities were not found for AML. Conclusions: Elucidating ALL and AML survival variation showed differences between race/ethnicity, NPS, and gender within and between the most common pediatric leukemia types. Survival disparities were seen in ALL but not AML. Understanding ALL and AML survival differences may provide a base for future culturally competent pediatric cancer prevention programs.
THU-032-Peritoneal CD206 links macrophage heterogeneity in decompensated cirrhosis with outcome of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: Sven Stengel, Stefanie Quickert, Oluwatomi Ibidapo-obe, Arndt Steube, Nilay Köse, Melina Yarbakht, Philipp Reuken, Sachin Deshmukh, Andreas Stallmach, Tony Bruns
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
Isolated Vaginal Recurrence of Early-Stage Rectal Cancer Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Rang Wang, Qiuping Fan, Huiting Liu, Minggang Su
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

The relapses of rectal cancer are most frequently localized in the pelvis, liver, and pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes and lungs, whereas the vagina is an unusual site. We present here a 60-year-old woman presenting with lower abdominal discomfort 23 months after radical resection of rectal adenocarcinoma. An isolated, solitary, hypermetabolic mass in the right part of the vagina was detected by F-FDG PET/CT. Ultimately, the vaginal neoplasm was proved to be adenocarcinoma of rectal origin based on its shared histologic features and compatible immunostaining profile.
HIV Viral Suppression Trends
Authors: Jane M. Simoni, Robin M. Nance, Bridget M. Whitney, Michael S. Saag, Heidi M. Crane
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

Letters16 April 2019HIV Viral Suppression TrendsJane M. Simoni, PhD, Robin M. Nance, MS, Bridget M. Whitney, MPH, Michael S. Saag, MD, and Heidi M. Crane, MD, MPHJane M. Simoni, PhDUniversity of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.M.S., R.M.N., B.M.W., H.M.C.)Search for more papers by this author, Robin M. Nance, MSUniversity of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.M.S., R.M.N., B.M.W., H.M.C.)Search for more papers by this author, Bridget M. Whitney, MPHUniversity of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.M.S., R.M.N., B.M.W., H.M.C.)Search for more papers by this author, Michael S. Saag, MDUniversity of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (M.S.S.)Search for more papers by this author, and Heidi M. Crane, MD, MPHUniversity of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.M.S., R.M.N., B.M.W., H.M.C.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L19-0067 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We appreciate Dr. Klein and colleagues' description of some of the RWHAP's valuable implementation programs to reduce disparities in viral suppression and are heartened that those related to age and race have decreased in the program's clinics since 2010. The organization's importance for improving clinical care for people living with HIV is indisputable. Studies at CNICS clinics offer a better understanding of these disparities, and increasing this understanding is a priority of the CNICS cohort and our funding sources (the National Institutes of Health and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases). We look forward to continued improvements ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.M.S., R.M.N., B.M.W., H.M.C.)University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (M.S.S.)Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M17-2242. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoHIV Viral Suppression Trends Over Time Among HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Care in the United States, 1997 to 2015 Robin M. Nance , J.A. Chris Delaney , Jane M. Simoni , Ira B. Wilson , Kenneth H. Mayer , Bridget M. Whitney , Frances M. Aunon , Steven A. Safren , Michael J. Mugavero , W. Christopher Mathews , Katerina A. Christopoulos , Joseph J. Eron , Sonia Napravnik , Richard D. Moore , Benigno Rodriguez , Bryan Lau , Rob J. Fredericksen , Michael S. Saag , Mari M. Kitahata , and Heidi M. Crane Metrics 16 April 2019Volume 170, Issue 8Page: 582-583KeywordsAllergy and immunologyCohort studiesDisclosureHIVHuman sexual behaviorInfectious diseasesRacial and ethnic issues ePublished: 16 April 2019 Issue Published: 16 April 2019 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2019 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...