tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 474: Higher Mortality From Cardiac Arrest in North Carolina versus Washington State and Denmark: Implications for Improving Systems of Care
Authors: Sidsel Moeller, Carolina Malta Hansen, Matthew Dupre, Tom Rea, Sean Van Diepen, Lisa Monk, Clark Tyson, Bryan McNally, Monique A Starks, Christopher Fordyce, Jenny Shin, Fredrik F Folke, Christian Torp-pedersen, James Jollis, Christopher B Granger
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains low and with major regional variation. This study explored differences in patients, care, and survival in patients with OHCA in North Carolina (NC), Washington State (WA), and Denmark. Methods: We identified a total of 17,277 adult patients with OHCA from the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES) registry and the Danish Cardiac Arrest Register of presumed cardiac cause from 2013-2014. Patients were categorized into three regions: two states in the United States (NC, 9.1 million inhabitants, WA, 7.5 million inhabitants) and the country of Denmark (5.8 million inhabitants). Outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation performed by either professional first responder or lay bystanders prior to emergency medical service (EMS) arrival, as well as overall survival. Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, calendar year, location of arrest and witnessed status. Results: Patients in NC and WA were younger and had more racial variation compared to Denmark. Survival was 9.3% in NC, 14.5% in WA and 13.3% in Denmark. Using the Danish cohort as reference, the odds for bystander CPR and defibrillation in NC (CPR: OR 0.41, 95%CI 0.38-0.44; defibrillation: OR 0.30, 95%CI 0.23-0.38) and WA (CPR: OR 0.71, 95%CI 0.65-0.77; defibrillation: OR 0.41, 95%CI 0.31-0.53) were lower, respectively. CPR and defibrillation performed by either a bystander or a professional first responder prior to EMS arrival were higher in NC (CPR: OR 2.67, 95%CI 2.43-2.93; defibrillation: OR 2.72 95%CI 2.30-3.21), but not in WA (CPR: OR 1.01, 95%CI 0.92-1.11; defibrillation OR 0.73, 95%CI 0.58-0.90), respectively. Compared with Denmark, survival was lower in NC (OR 0.39, 95%CI 0.34-0.45) and WA (OR 0.83, 95%CI 0.72-0.95). Conclusion: Survival following OHCA was higher in Denmark and WA than in NC, and was associated with higher rates of bystander CPR and defibrillation. However, CPR and defibrillation prior to EMS arrival, mainly from professional first responders, was significantly higher in NC. A combination of both bystander and first responder interventions may be the optimal approach to improve outcomes of cardiac arrest.
Product of Investigator Global Assessment and Body Surface Area (IGAxBSA): A practice-friendly alternative to the Eczema Area and Severity Index to assess atopic dermatitis severity in children
Authors: Timothy P. Suh, Divya Ramachandran, Vidhi Patel, Kathryn L. Jackson, Stephanie M. Rangel, Anna B. Fishbein, Amy S. Paller
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Assisted dying: Belgian doctors stand trial in landmark case
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Three Belgian doctors—two GPs and a psychiatrist—are being accused of unlawfully killing a 38 year old patient by poisoning almost 10 years ago, in the country’s first criminal case involving assisted dying.

The high profile trial is focusing on the conditions in the 2002 legislation that must be fulfilled before a request for assisted dying can be acted on. It is also revealing possible gaps in the law and the many emotions that patients, their families, and medical professionals may feel when involved in such a procedure.

After several suicide attempts and with severe psychiatric problems and a broken relationship, …
The Complementary Role of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Tuğçe Telli, Eser Lay Ergün, Bilge Volkan Salanci, Pinar Özgen Kiratli
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

A girl diagnosed with neuroblastoma at 33 months underwent I-MIBG scan after surgery and chemoradiotherapy. Although MIBG scan showed complete response, the bone marrow biopsy showed refractory disease. Therefore, she underwent Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, which revealed bone marrow involvement and Ga-DOTATATE-avid brain metastasis. Rare physiological pineal gland uptake was also depicted. Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT showed active progressive disease earlier, before it was detectable with MIBG scan. For patients with MIBG-negative relapsed/refractory disease, Ga-DOTATATE may have an important role in restaging, detecting unsuspected metastasis, therapy planning.
Overall Survival (OS) in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (MRCC): A Comparison between Sorafenib (SO) and Best Supportive Care (BSC) after First Line Treatment with Sunitinib (SU) in Sweden
Authors: P. Sandström, R. Sandin, J. Kowalski, T. Wahlgren, M. Jakobsson, S. Lundstam, B. Ljungberg, U. Harmenberg
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Whole-fornix endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric mucosal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Satoki Shichijo, Yoji Takeuchi, Hiromu Fukuda, Akira Maekawa, Takashi Kanesaka, Noriya Uedo, Ryu Ishihara
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

A 69-year-old man with a history of radiation therapy for gastric malignant lymphoma had undergone follow-up esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) at a previous institution, and a superficial elevated lesion was found at the fornix. Examination of a biopsied specimen revealed well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was attempted, but the procedure was stopped because Mallory–Weiss syndrome occurred in and around the lesion during endoscopic observation immediately before starting ESD. The patient was then referred to our hospital for further treatment. EGD at our institution revealed a huge superficial lesion occupying the whole fornix ([Fig. 1]). As no evidence of invasive cancer was found, we performed endoscopic resection.
Tracing the Evidence to Address Painful Chronic Pancreatitis With Surgery
Authors: O. Joe Hines
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Investigation of a Functional Polymorphism in the Epidermal Growth Factor Gene for Pathogenesis and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Japanese Patients
Authors: M. Suenaga, S. Yamada, T. Fujii, B.C. Fuchs, N. Okumura, G. Nakayama, S. Takeda, K.K. Tanabe, Y. Kodera
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Associations of Apolipoprotein E ε4 Genotype and Ball Heading With Verbal Memory in Amateur Soccer Players
Authors: Liane E. Hunter, Yun Freudenberg-Hua, Peter Davies, Mimi Kim, Richard B. Lipton, Walter F. Stewart, Priyanka Srinivasan, ShanShan Hu, Michael L. Lipton
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2020)

Emerging evidence suggests that long-term exposure to ball heading in soccer, the most popular sport in the world, confers risk for adverse cognitive outcomes. However, the extent to which the apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) allele, a common risk factor for neurodegeneration, and ball heading are associated with cognition in soccer players remains unknown.To determine whether the APOE ε4 allele and 12-month ball heading exposure are associated with verbal memory in a cohort of adult amateur soccer players.A total of 379 amateur soccer players were enrolled in the longitudinal Einstein Soccer Study from November 11, 2013, through January 23, 2018. Selection criteria included participation in soccer for more than 5 years and for more than 6 months per year. Of the 379 individuals enrolled in the study, 355 were genotyped. Three players were excluded for reporting extreme levels of heading. Generalized estimating equation linear regression models were employed to combine data across visits for a cross-sectional analysis of the data.At each study visit every 3 to 6 months, players completed the HeadCount 12-Month Questionnaire, a validated, computer-based questionnaire to estimate 12-month heading exposure that was categorized as low (quartiles 1 and 2), moderate (quartile 3), and high (quartile 4).Verbal memory was assessed at each study visit using the International Shopping List Delayed Recall task from CogState.A total of 352 soccer players (256 men and 96 women; median age, 23 years [interquartile range, 21-28 years]) across a total of 1204 visits were analyzed. High levels of heading were associated with worse verbal memory performance (β = -0.59; 95% CI, -0.93 to -0.25; P = .001). There was no main association of APOE ε4 with verbal memory (β = 0.09; 95% CI, -0.24 to 0.42; P = .58). However, there was a significant association of APOE ε4 and heading with performance on the ISRL task (χ2 = 7.22; P = .03 for overall interaction). In APOE ε4-positive players, poorer verbal memory associated with high vs low heading exposure was 4.1-fold greater (APOE ε4 negative, β = -0.36; 95% CI, -0.75 to 0.03; APOE ε4 positive, β = -1.49; 95% CI, -2.05 to -0.93), and poorer verbal memory associated with high vs moderate heading exposure was 8.5-fold greater (APOE ε4 negative, β = -0.13; 95% CI, -0.54 to 0.29; APOE ε4 positive, β = -1.11, 95% CI, -1.70 to -0.53) compared with that in APOE ε4-negative players.This study suggests that the APOE ε4 allele is a risk factor for worse memory performance associated with higher heading exposure in the prior year, which highlights that assessing genetic risks may ultimately play a role in promoting safer soccer play.
Half of patients with acute aortic dissection in England die before reaching a specialist centre
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Around 20% of patients with acute aortic dissection die before reaching any hospital and 50% die before reaching a specialist centre, according to an investigation by the Healthcare Safety Investigation Branch.1

The report on delayed recognition of acute aortic dissection analysed hospital activity and other national datasets, and found that it may occur in around 4.5 per 100 000 of the population per year, equal to around 2500 cases per year in England.

It showed that a delay in diagnosis occurs in around 16-40% of cases and is more likely if patients walk in to the hospital or if doctors initially suspect that there is a cardiac cause for chest pain.

The report said hospitals in England …
Distinct epigenetic features of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells in colorectal cancer patients revealed by genome-wide DNA methylation analysis
Authors: Rui Yang, Sijin Cheng, Nan Luo, Ranran Gao, Kezhuo Yu, Boxi Kang, Li Wang, Qiming Zhang, Qiao Fang, Lei Zhang, Chen Li, Aibin He, Xueda Hu, Jirun Peng, Xianwen Ren, Zemin Zhang
Journal: Genome biology (2019)

Tumor-reactive CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) represent a subtype of T cells that can recognize and destroy tumor specifically. Understanding the regulatory mechanism of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells has important therapeutic implications. Yet the DNA methylation status of this T cell subtype has not been elucidated.In this study, we segregate tumor-reactive and bystander CD8+ TILs, as well as naïve and effector memory CD8+ T cell subtypes as controls from colorectal cancer patients, to compare their transcriptome and methylome characteristics. Transcriptome profiling confirms previous conclusions that tumor-reactive TILs have an exhausted tissue-resident memory signature. Whole-genome methylation profiling identifies a distinct methylome pattern of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells, with tumor-reactive markers CD39 and CD103 being specifically demethylated. In addition, dynamic changes are observed during the transition of naïve T cells into tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells. Transcription factor binding motif enrichment analysis identifies several immune-related transcription factors, including three exhaustion-related genes (NR4A1, BATF, and EGR2) and VDR, which potentially play an important regulatory role in tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells.Our study supports the involvement of DNA methylation in shaping tumor-reactive and bystander CD8+ TILs, and provides a valuable resource for the development of novel DNA methylation markers and future therapeutics.
Advanced Biomaterials and Processing Methods for Liver Regeneration: State‐of‐the‐Art and Future Trends
Authors: Alain da Silva Morais, Sílvia Vieira, Xinlian Zhao, Zhengwei Mao, Changyou Gao, Joaquim M. Oliveira, Rui L. Reis
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Liver diseases contribute markedly to the global burden of mortality and disease. The limited organ disposal for orthotopic liver transplantation results in a continuing need for alternative strategies. Over the past years, important progress has been made in the field of tissue engineering (TE). Many of the early trials to improve the development of an engineered tissue construct are based on seeding cells onto biomaterial scaffolds. Nowadays, several TE approaches have been developed and are applied to one vital organ: the liver. Essential elements must be considered in liver TE-cells and culturing systems, bioactive agents or growth factors (GF), and biomaterials and processing methods. The potential of hepatocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, and others as cell sources is demonstrated. They need engineered biomaterial-based scaffolds with perfect biocompatibility and bioactivity to support cell proliferation and hepatic differentiation as well as allowing extracellular matrix deposition and vascularization. Moreover, they require a microenvironment provided using conventional or advanced processing technologies in order to supply oxygen, nutrients, and GF. Herein the biomaterials and the conventional and advanced processing technologies, including cell-sheets process, 3D bioprinting, and microfluidic systems, as well as the future trends in these major fields are discussed.
Visual Disturbances in Patients (PTS) with Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK)-Positive Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Treated with Crizotinib
Authors: B. Besse, R. Salgia, B. Solomon, A. Shaw, D. Kim, R. Schachar, K. Wilner, A. Reisman, C.H. Bartlett, S. Iyer
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Price Transparency in the Electronic Health Record
Authors: Hyung J. Cho, Eric K. Wei, Mona Krouss
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Incidental 18F-Fluciclovine Uptake in a Warthin Tumor of the Parotid Gland in a Patient Undergoing PET/CT Imaging for Biochemical Recurrent Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ryan Bitar, Lucia Martiniova, Diana Bell, Gregory Ravizzini
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

A 67-year-old asymptomatic man with biochemical recurrent prostate cancer underwent F-fluciclovine PET/CT for restaging to determine subsequent treatment strategy. PET/CT images were obtained from the proximal thighs to the vertex of the skull, after the intravenous administration of 362.6 MBq (9.8 mCi) of F-fluciclovine. PET/CT imaging demonstrated a focus of abnormally increased F-fluciclovine uptake corresponding to a small nodularity in the left parotid gland. Subsequent ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the lesion revealed histopathology compatible with a benign Warthin tumor.
Evidence based transatlantic orthography
Authors: Jeffrey K Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2020)

How reassuring that The BMJ allows authors to perpetuate myths, albeit whimsically, encouraging us all to do likewise, without fearing pedantic intervention from editors or rabid responses.1

Kasten’s assertion that George Bernard Shaw said that the USA and the UK were “two nations, divided by a common language” is unsupported by evidence.2 Oscar Wilde, however, in The Canterville Ghost (1887) wrote that …
Comparison of 18F-FDG PET/CT Criteria for the Prediction of Therapy Response and Clinical Outcome in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma Treated With Ipilimumab and PD-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Alessio Annovazzi, Sabrina Vari, Diana Giannarelli, Rosella Pasqualoni, Rosa Sciuto, Silvia Carpano, Francesco Cognetti, Virginia Ferraresi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

: Immunotherapy currently represents one of the most effective therapies in metastatic melanoma. However, its indirect antineoplastic activity through the immune system has raised relevant challenges for diagnostic imaging in the evaluation of the response to treatment.The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of different F-FDG PET/CT criteria to predict therapy response and clinical outcome in melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Fifty-seven patients with metastatic melanoma treated with ipilimumab (n = 25; group 1) or with PD-1 inhibitors (n = 32; group 2) who performed an F-FDG PET/CT scan before treatment (PET0) and 12 to 18 weeks later (PET1) were retrospectively evaluated. Response at PET1 was evaluated according to RECIST 1.1, EORTC, PERCIMT (PET Response Evaluation Criteria for Immunotherapy), and by percentage change of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis of up to 5 target lesions. Performance of each criterion at PET1 to predict clinical benefit at 6 months since starting immunotherapy was assessed and correlated to progression-free survival.In group 1, the best predictor of therapy response was MTV combined with PERCIMT criteria (accuracy, 0.96). In group 2, overlapping results were found for EORTC, MTV, and total lesion glycolysis (accuracy, 0.97). The reliability of the above parameters was also confirmed in the progression-free survival analysis.F-FDG PET/CT performed after 3 to 4 months since starting immunotherapy can correctly evaluate response to treatment and can also able to predict long-term clinical outcome. Performance of F-FDG PET/CT and criteria for response assessment is influenced by the class of treatment.
Chronobiological Influence Over Cardiovascular Function
Authors: Samir Rana, Sumanth D. Prabhu, Martin E. Young
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)

Essentially all biological processes fluctuate over the course of the day, observed at cellular (eg, transcription, translation, and signaling), organ (eg, contractility and metabolism), and whole-body (eg, physical activity and appetite) levels. It is, therefore, not surprising that both cardiovascular physiology (eg, heart rate and blood pressure) and pathophysiology (eg, onset of adverse cardiovascular events) oscillate during the 24-hour day. Chronobiological influence over biological processes involves a complex interaction of factors that are extrinsic (eg, neurohumoral factors) and intrinsic (eg, circadian clocks) to cells. Here, we focus on circadian governance of 6 fundamentally important processes: metabolism, signaling, electrophysiology, extracellular matrix, clotting, and inflammation. In each case, we discuss (1) the physiological significance for circadian regulation of these processes (ie, the good); (2) the pathological consequence of circadian governance impairment (ie, the bad); and (3) whether persistence/augmentation of circadian influences contribute to pathogenesis during distinct disease states (ie, the ugly). Finally, the translational impact of chronobiology on cardiovascular disease is highlighted.
The PERSEPHONE trial: Duration of trastuzumab with chemotherapy in women with HER2-positive early breast cancer.
Authors: Helena Margaret Earl, David A. Cameron, David Miles, Andrew M. Wardley, Emma Ogburn, A-L Vallier, Shrushma Loi, Helen B Higgins, Louise Hiller, Janet A Dunn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

TPS660 Background: Persephone is a phase III randomised controlled trial comparing six months of trastuzumab to the standard 12 month duration in patients with HER2 positive early breast cancer in respect of disease free survival, safety and cost-effectiveness. A Persephone sister study, the PHARE trial run by the National Institute for Cancer, successfully closed to recruitment in 2010. A prospective meta-analysis is planned once each trial has reported individually. Methods: A total of 4000 patients will be randomised into each of the two treatment groups. The power calculations assume that the disease-free survival (DFS) of the standard treatment of 12 months trastuzumab will be 80% at 4 years. On this basis, with 5% 1-sided significance and 85% power, a trial randomising 2000 in each arm will have the ability to prove non-inferiority of the experimental arm defining non-inferiority as ‘no worse than 3%’ below the control arm 4 year DFS. Primary outcome is disease-free survival non-inferiority (equivalence) of 6 months trastuzumab compared with 12 months in women with early breast cancer. Secondary outcomes are overall survival non-inferiority (equivalence); expected incremental cost effectiveness; cardiology function and analysis of predictive factors for development of cardiac damage. Two mandatory sub-studies are: Tumour block collection to discover molecular predictors of survival with respect to duration of trastuzumab treatment and blood sample collection, used to discover single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as genetic/pharmaco-genetic determinants of prognosis, toxicity and treatment outcome. A third optional sub-study is the quality of life questionnaires. Results: Persephone opened to recruitment in October 2007. To date, 1847 patients (46%) of its total have been randomised from 147 UK sites. Recruitment is due to complete by December 2013 and the first planned interim analysis of the primary outcome will be mid-2016. The IDSMC last reviewed the trial in June 2011 and congratulated the Trial Management Group on the conduct of the trial and the quality of the data. No safety concerns were identified, and the IDSMC proposed that the trial continue to planned recruitment.