tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THU0221 Osteonecrosis and hiv infection: report of eleven cases
Authors: M Valls-Roc, V Ortiz-Santamaria, A Olive, M Cervantes, J Gratacos, G Sirera, C Tural, E Negredo, X Tena, B Clotet
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> A vascular necrosi (AVN) has been described in the setting of HIV infection. No epidemiological studies to determine the higher incidence of AVN in HIV+ patients are available. Protease inhibitor containing regimens (PI-CR) have been considered an additional risk factor for developing AVN. <h3>Objectives</h3> To report the clinical findings of 11 HIV + patients with AVN. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective review of clinical and radiological charts of 11 patients diagnosed of AVN. <h3>Results</h3> Eleven patients were diagnosed of having AVN: Eight male and three female. The mean age was 27.6 years (23–32). The risk factors for HIV infection was as follows: 8 IDU,3 HMX. Nine patients had had at least one opportunistic infection with a mean time of 30.5 months before the diagnosis of the AVN (12–108). The mean CD4<sup>+</sup> and pVL at AVN were 328.9 cel/mm3 (73–900) and 14.964 copies/ml (6 of them had undetectable levels: &lt;200 copies/ml) respectively. Mean CD4<sup>+</sup> nadir was 53 cel/mm3. The mean time on PI-CR before the AVN was 19.4 months (2 patients were naïve for PIs before AVN). MRI showed a bilateral femoral head involvement in 9 patients, 2 of them with additional humeral and knee involvement. Other risk factor related to the development of AVN were evaluated: 6 patients had received corticosteroids prior to the AVN, hyperlipidaemia secondary to PI-CR was reported only in 2 patients. Six months before the AVN, salmonella typhymurium bacteriemia was documented in 2 patients. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Despite the higher incidence of AVN reported in HAART era, epidemiological studies should be conducted in order to establish the role of PIs in its aetiology. Other risk factor such as corticoesteroids use related to AVN, should be assessed in HIV+ patients with AVN.
South Korea to continue flu vaccinations after 25 deaths trigger calls for a pause
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

A campaign aimed at immunising 30 million people against influenza in South Korea will continue despite an unusually high number of deaths in those recently vaccinated, after the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) declined a request from the Korean Medical Association to pause the programme.

“Our team sees low possibility that the deaths …
TCT CONNECT-346 3D Echocardiographic Assessment of Mitral Annular Dimensions and Risk of Mitral Stenosis After Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair
Authors: Mohammed Hasan Khan, Syed Zaid, Medha Biswas, Joshua Goldberg, Tanya Dutta, Cenap Undemir, Joanne Bennett, Martin Cohen, Steven Lansman, Hasan Ahmad
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care
Authors: Khalid Aziz, Henry C. Lee, Marilyn B. Escobedo, Amber V. Hoover, Beena D. Kamath-Rayne, Vishal S. Kapadia, David J. Magid, Susan Niermeyer, Georg M. Schmölzer, Edgardo Szyld, Gary M. Weiner, Myra H. Wyckoff, Nicole K. Yamada, Jeanette Zaichkin
Journal: Circulation (2020)
Evaluating Non–Statistically Significant Results From Trials in Practice
Authors: Daniele Piovani, Claudia Pansieri, Stefanos Bonovas
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Toxicity and Survival After Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy Versus Passive Scattering Proton Therapy for NSCLC
Authors: Olsi Gjyshi, Ting Xu, Adnan Elhammali, David Boyce-Fappiano, Stephen G. Chun, Saumil Gandhi, Percy Lee, Aileen B. Chen, Steven H. Lin, Joe Y. Chang, Anne Tsao, Carl M. Gay, X. Ronald Zhu, Xiaodong Zhang, John V. Heymach, Frank V. Fossella, Charles Lu, Quynh-Nhu Nguyen, Zhongxing Liao
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2020)
Incidence of Hyponatremia in Patients With Indwelling Peritoneal Catheters for Drainage of Malignant Ascites
Authors: Shruti Gupta, Maria Clarissa Tio, Emily D. Gutowski, Michael S. Stecker, Ashish Verma, Shveta S. Motwani, David B. Mount, Gearoid M. McMahon, Sushrut S. Waikar
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Indwelling peritoneal catheters (IPCs) are frequently used to drain tense, symptomatic, malignant ascites. Large-volume drainage may lead to hyponatremia owing to massive salt depletion. To date, no studies have examined the epidemiology of hyponatremia after placement of an IPC. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the incidence of hyponatremia after IPC placement, the risk factors associated with its development, and how it is managed. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cohort study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 461 patients who had IPCs placed during the period between 2006 and 2016 at a tertiary care hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, of whom 309 patients met the inclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed from June to November 2019. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Main outcomes were the incidence of hyponatremia (with a serum sodium level &lt;135 mEq/L) after IPC placement, the risk factors for its development, and how it was managed. We also examined the clinical course of a subset of 21 patients with hypovolemic hyponatremia. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 309 eligible patients with laboratory results both before IPC placement and 2 days or more after IPC placement, 189 (61.2%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 59 (12) years. The overall incidence of hyponatremia after IPC placement was 84.8% (n = 262), of whom 21 patients (8.0%) had severe hyponatremia. The mean (SD) decrease in serum sodium level before vs after IPC placement was 5 (5.1) mEq/L and decreased by 10 mEq/L or more among 52 patients (16.8%). Patients with hyponatremia prior to IPC placement had an 8-fold higher adjusted odds of having persistent hyponatremia after IPC placement (odds ratio, 7.9; 95% CI, 2.9-21.7). Patients with hepatopancreatobiliary malignant neoplasms were more likely to develop hyponatremia (78 of 262 patients with hyponatremia [29.8%] vs 7 of 47 patients without hyponatremia [14.9%]). Hyponatremia was either unrecognized or untreated in 189 patients (72.1%). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Although the placement of an IPC is often a palliative measure, hyponatremia is common and is often untreated or unrecognized. Patients at highest risk, such as those with hyponatremia at baseline and those with hepatopancreatobiliary malignant neoplams, should be evaluated carefully prior to IPC placement and may warrant closer monitoring after placement. In all cases, hyponatremia should be evaluated and managed within the context of a patient's overall goals of care.
TCT CONNECT-402 Automated Algorithm Using Pre-Intervention Fractional Flow Reserve Pullback Curve to Predict Post-Intervention Physiologic Results
Authors: Seung Hun Lee, Doosup Shin, Joo Myung Lee, Adrien Lefieux, David Molony, Ki Hong Choi, Doyeon Hwang, Hyunjong Lee, Ho-Jun Jang, Hyun Kuk Kim, Sang Jin Ha, Jae-Jin Kwak, Taek Kyu Park, Jeong Hoon Yang, Young Bin Song, Joo-Yong Hahn, Joon-Hyung Doh, Eun-Seok Shin, Chang-Wook Nam, Bon-Kwon Koo, Seung-Hyuk Choi, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
NAFLD may be a common underlying liver disease in patients with hepatocellular Carcinoma in the United States
Authors: Jorge A. Marrero, Robert J. Fontana, Grace L. Su, Hari S. Conjeevaram, Dawn M. Emick, Anna S. Lok
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States is increasing, but the clinical characteristics of American patients with HCC have not been well described. The aims of this study were to determine the etiology of liver disease and short-term outcome among HCC patients presenting to a single center in the United States. One hundred five consecutive patients with HCC were studied; mean age was 59 years, 67% were men, and 76% were non-Hispanic white. The most common etiology of liver disease was hepatitis C (51%) and cryptogenic cirrhosis (29%). Half of the patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis had histologic or clinical features associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Fifty-three (50%) patients had HCC detected during surveillance (group I), whereas the remaining patients had symptomatic tumors (group II). Group I patients had smaller tumors ( P = 0.01), were more likely to be eligible for surgical treatment ( P = 0.005), and had a better medican survival compared with patients in group II ( P = 0.001). Patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis were less likely to have undergone HCC surveillance and had larger tumors at diagnosis. In conclusion, hepatitis C and cryptogenic liver disease are the most common etiologies of diseases in our patients with HCC. NAFLD accounted for at least 13% of the cases. Patients who underwent surveillance had smaller tumors and were more likely to be candidates for surgical or local ablative therapies. Because of the increasing incidence of NAFLD, further studies are needed to determine the risk of HCC in patients with NAFLD. (Hepatology2002;36:1349-1354).
Ethnic minority doctors are less likely to gain consultant posts, survey finds
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Doctors from ethnic minority groups have to apply for many more consultant posts than white doctors to secure a job, a survey of applicants’ experiences from 2018 by the Royal College of Physicians of London has found.

“The big difference was in the likelihood of being offered a post the first time round,” said a report of the survey.1 It found that “29% of white respondents were offered a post after being shortlisted for the first time, compared with just 12% of BAME [black, Asian, and minority ethnic] …
TCT CONNECT-107 Poor Survival in Patients With Aortic Stenosis Without Intervention
Authors: Sameh Yousef, Huang Same, Makoto Mori, Ritu Agarwal, Saket Singh, Cornell Brooks, Carlos Mena-Hurtado, Kim Smolderen, Sameer Nagpal, Michael Cleman, John Forrest, Ryan Kaple, Yawei Zhang, Roland Assi, Arnar Geirsson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Abstract GMM-033: CONDITIONAL BRCA2 SWITCH IN HUMAN CELLS TO STUDY TUMOR PROGRESSION
Authors: J. Jimenez-Sainz, R.B. Jensen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract The BRCA2 (Breast Cancer Susceptibility 2) gene is a caretaker of genome integrity. Germline mutations in BRCA2 predispose individuals to a high risk for ovarian and breast cancer. The BRCA2 protein plays an important role in repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination. The hallmarks found in BRCA2 mutant tumors involve: genome instability including chromosome aberrations, sensitivity to cross-linking agents, presence of micronuclei, an abnormal number of centrosomes, and severe defects in homologous recombination. However, the initial steps of tumor progression in BRCA2 carriers remain elusive as the majority of cellular models are derived from tumor cell lines that have undergone prior selection in an environment of genomic instability. Here, we present the generation of isogenic, inducible BRCA2 human fallopian tube cell lines providing a model to study the acute loss of BRCA2 protein in the setting of initiation and progression towards tumorigenesis. In these otherwise normal human somatic cells, we have found that acute loss of BRCA2 impinges upon viability as well as other cellular abnormalities that may drive the accumulation and tolerance for further somatic mutations. We have discovered copy number variations modulated by crosslinking compounds in our inducible BRCA2 human fallopian tube cells. We are analyzing both the genetic and biochemical functions of BRCA2 in these processes. Our long-term goal is to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms that drive and sustain tumor initiation in the absence of normal BRCA2 function. Citation Format: Jimenez-Sainz J., and Jensen R.B.. CONDITIONAL BRCA2 SWITCH IN HUMAN CELLS TO STUDY TUMOR PROGRESSION [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 13-15, 2018; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2019;25(22 Suppl):Abstract nr GMM-033.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gastrointestinal endoscopy in the Netherlands: analysis of a prospective endoscopy database
Authors: Marten A. Lantinga, Felix Theunissen, Pieter C. J. ter Borg, Marco J. Bruno, Rob J. T. Ouwendijk, Peter D. Siersema
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Abstract Background COVID-19 has dramatically affected gastrointestinal endoscopy practice. We aimed to investigate its impact on procedure types, indications, and findings. Methods We retrospectively analyzed endoscopies performed in 15 Dutch hospitals by comparing periods 15 March to 25 June of 2019 and 2020 using the prospective Trans.IT database. Results During lockdown in 2020, 9776 patients underwent endoscopy compared with 19 296 in 2019. Gastroscopies decreased by 57 % (from 7846 to 4467) and colonoscopies by 45 % (from 12219 to 5609), whereas endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography volumes remained comparable (from 578 to 522). Although endoscopy results indicative of cancer decreased (from 524 to 340), the likelihood of detecting cancer during endoscopy increased (2.7 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 2.5 – 3.0] in 2019 versus 3.5 % [95 %CI 3.1 – 3.9] in 2020; P &lt; 0.001). After lifting of lockdown, endoscopy volumes started to return to normal, except for colorectal cancer screening. Conclusions Fewer endoscopies were performed during the COVID-19 lockdown, leading to a significant reduction in the absolute detection of cancer. Endoscopies increased rapidly after lockdown, except for colorectal cancer screening.
TCT CONNECT-430 Transradial Versus Transfemoral Coronary Angiography and PCI in Patients With Previous CABG Surgery: Impact of Access Strategy on Short-Term Safety and Long-Term Efficacy Outcomes
Authors: Wijnand Den Dekker, Frederik Groenland, Jeroen Wilschut, Isabella Kardys, Roberto Diletti, Felix Zijlstra, Joost Daemen, Nicolas Van Mieghem
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
TCT CONNECT-184 Impact of Sex and Timing of Impella Support in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Tayyab Shah, Josephine Chou, Cindy Grines, Alaide Chieffo, Lavanya Bellumkonda, Lissa Sugeng, Ioana Ghiu, Jeffrey Moses, William O'Neill, Alexandra Lansky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Hospital Volumes of 5 Medical Emergencies in the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2 US Medical Centers
Authors: Hriday P. Bhambhvani, Adrian J. Rodrigues, Jonathan S. Yu, James B. Carr, Melanie Hayden Gephart
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

This cohort study assesses the association of the COVID-19 pandemic with the incidence of 5 medical emergencies (acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, ectopic pregnancy, and appendicitis) in 2 US academic medical centers.
RIG-I–Like Receptor LGP2 Is Required for Tumor Control by Radiotherapy
Authors: Wenxin Zheng, Diana Rose E. Ranoa, Xiaona Huang, Yuzhu Hou, Kaiting Yang, Elizabeth C. Poli, Michael A. Beckett, Yang-Xin Fu, Ralph R. Weichselbaum
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Dendritic cells (DC) play an essential role in innate immunity and radiation-elicited immune responses. LGP2 is a RIG-I-like receptor involved in cytoplasmic RNA recognition and antiviral responses. Although LGP2 has also been linked to cell survival of both tumor cells and T cells, the role of LGP2 in mediating DC function and antitumor immunity elicited by radiotherapy remains unclear. Here, we report that tumor DCs are linked to the clinical outcome of patients with breast cancer who received radiotherapy, and the presence of DC correlates with gene expression of LGP2 in the tumor microenvironment. In preclinical models, host LGP2 was essential for optimal antitumor control by ionizing radiation (IR). The absence of LGP2 in DC dampened type I IFN production and the priming capacity of DC. In the absence of LGP2, MDA5-mediated activation of type I IFN signaling was abrogated. The MDA5/LGP2 agonist high molecular weight poly I:C improved the antitumor effect of IR. This study reveals a previously undefined role of LGP2 in host immunity and provides a new strategy to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings reveal an essential role of LGP2 in promoting antitumor immunity after radiotherapy and provide a new strategy to enhance radiotherapy.
Strengthening the global response to climate change and infectious disease threats
Authors: Jeremy Hess, Laura-Lee G Boodram, Shlomit Paz, Anna M Stewart Ibarra, Judith N Wasserheit, Rachel Lowe
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Climate change is emerging as an important driver of disease incidence, and a wait and see approach invites unnecessary risk, write <b>Jeremy Hess and colleagues</b>. Governments, funders, researchers, and practitioners must act now
TCT CONNECT-238 One Year Clinical Outcomes of Ultrathin Biodegradable Polymer Coated Sirolimus Eluting Stents in Total Occlusion: A Multicenter, All-Comer Analysis
Authors: Prakash Ajmera, Pothineni Ramesh Babu, Kamal Kumar Chawla, Sai Sudhakar Mantravadi, Pankaj Jariwala, Vinod Vijan, Vikrant Vijan, Anil Potdar, M.K. Inamdar, Abhijit Pathak
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
TCT CONNECT-78 Coexisting Protein Energy Malnutrition Is Associated With Increased Mortality in Patients Admitted for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Iriagbonse Asemota, Hafeez Shaka, Edigin Ehizogie, Jennifer Asotibe, Praise Nwachukwu, Precious Eseaton, Mavi Rivera Pavon, Emmanuel Akuna
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Anticoagulation in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19
Authors: Jehan F. Chowdhury, Lisa K. Moores, Jean M. Connors
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Anticoagulation in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 This interactive feature about a man hospitalized with Covid-19 whose condition is worsening offers a case vignette accompanied by two essays,...
Estimates of Workload Associated With Suicide Risk Alerts After Implementation of Risk-Prediction Model
Authors: Andrea H. Kline-Simon, Stacy Sterling, Kelly Young-Wolff, Gregory Simon, Yun Lu, Monique Does, Vincent Liu
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

The findings of this cohort study suggest that suicide risk models can accurately stratify risk but will generate additional workload for clinicians.The degree of added workload depends on the risk threshold selected, the strategy for responding to repeated alerts per patient, and the overlap of electronic alerts with risks already identified by treating clinicians.Selecting a risk threshold also depends on the relative importance of avoiding false-negative and false-positive errors.Without estimates for these factors, attempts to design a system to respond to alerts will be hampered.However, understanding alert characteristics alone is insufficient for developing these programs, as there remain many key effectiveness, clinical, operational, ethical, and legal questions regarding implementation of these programs .This cohort study has several limitations.Findings may not generalize to all health care systems.Available electronic health record data did not include measures of relevant life events or patientreported outcomes, except for data from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.Additionally, the efficacy of interventions associated with suicide risk alerts remains uncertain.This study adds to the evidence supporting the use of suicide risk-prediction models to augment traditional clinician assessment.The study's new data further suggest that an appropriate alert threshold could limit the burden on clinicians.
Faecal immunochemical test is superior to symptoms in predicting pathology in patients with suspected colorectal cancer symptoms referred on a 2WW pathway: a diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Nigel D'Souza, Theo Georgiou Delisle, Michelle Chen, Sally Benton, Muti Abulafi
Journal: Gut (2020)

Objective To assess whether a faecal immunochemical test (FIT) could be used to select patients with suspected colorectal cancer (CRC) symptoms for urgent investigation. Design Multicentre, double-blinded diagnostic accuracy study in 50 National Health Service (NHS) hospitals across England between October 2017 and December 2019. Patients referred to secondary care with suspected CRC symptoms meeting NHS England criteria for urgent 2 weeks wait referral and triaged to investigation with colonoscopy were invited to perform a quantitative FIT. The sensitivity of FIT for CRC, and effect of relevant variables on its diagnostic accuracy was assessed. Results 9822 patients were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of CRC at colonoscopy was 3.3%. The FIT positivity decreased from 37.2% to 19.0% and 7.6%, respectively, at cut-offs of 2, 10 and 150 µg haemoglobin/g faeces (µg/g). The positive predictive values of FIT for CRC at these cut-offs were 8.7% (95% CI, 7.8% to 9.7%), 16.1% (95% CI 14.4% to 17.8%) and 31.1% (95% CI 27.8% to 34.6%), respectively, and the negative predictive values were 99.8% (95% CI 99.7% to 99.9%), 99.6% (95% CI 99.5% to 99.7%) and 98.9% (95% CI 98.7% to 99.1%), respectively. The sensitivity of FIT for CRC decreased at the same cut-offs from 97.0% (95% CI 94.5% to 98.5%) to 90.9% (95% CI 87.2% to 93.8%) and 70.8% (95% CI 65.6% to 75.7%), respectively, while the specificity increased from 64.9% (95% CI 63.9% to 65.8%) to 83.5% (95% CI 82.8% to 84.3%) and 94.6% (95% CI 94.1% to 95.0%), respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.93 (95% CI 0.92 to 0.95). Conclusion FIT sensitivity is maximised to 97.0% at the lowest cut-off (2 µg/g); a negative FIT result at this cut-off can effectively rule out CRC and a positive FIT result is better than symptoms to select patients for urgent investigations. Trial registration number ISRCTN49676259 .