tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 16057: The Absence of Perfusion Defect on Contrast Enhanced Chest CT Prior to Coronary Angiography May Exclude Ischemic Etiology for Survivors of Sudden Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Yassar Nabeel, Ahmad Jabri, Muhammad Butt, William Baughman, Jonathan Glaab, Joseph Sudano, Ashish Aneja
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is one of the leading causes of death. Coronary ischemia leading to ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia is the most frequent caus...
Age-correlated protein and transcript expression in breast cancer and normal breast tissues is dominated by host endocrine effects
Authors: Tomo Osako, Hakwoo Lee, Gulisa Turashvili, Derek Chiu, Steven McKinney, Stacey E. P. Joosten, Darcy Wilkinson, Torsten O. Nielsen, Wilbert Zwart, Joanne T. Emerman, Connie J. Eaves, Carlos Caldas, Samuel Aparicio
Journal: Nature Cancer (2020)
Medical Group Practice in the United States
Authors: G. Halsey Hunt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

FOR many years, notably since the report of the Committee on the Costs of Medical Care1 in 1932, there has been considerable sporadic discussion of group practice, but critical factual analysis of the subject has been meager and limited. World War I apparently acted as a major stimulus for the formation of many medical groups during the immediate post-war years, and there is evidence that a significant expansion of group practice is also following World War II. The responses to the questionnaire submitted by the American Medical Association to medical officers in the armed forces in 1944 indicated that 52 . . .
Risk of QT Interval Prolongation Associated With Use of Hydroxychloroquine With or Without Concomitant Azithromycin Among Hospitalized Patients Testing Positive for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Nicholas J. Mercuro, Christina F. Yen, David J. Shim, Timothy R. Maher, Christopher M. McCoy, Peter J. Zimetbaum, Howard S. Gold
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2020)

Administration of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated pneumonia carries increased risk of corrected QT (QTc) prolongation and cardiac arrhythmias.
Maintenance of clinical remission in early axial spondyloarthritis following certolizumab pegol dose reduction
Authors: Robert BM Landewé, Désirée van der Heijde, Maxime Dougados, Xenofon Baraliakos, Filip E Van den Bosch, Karl Gaffney, Lars Bauer, Bengt Hoepken, Owen R Davies, Natasha de Peyrecave, Karen Thomas, Lianne Gensler
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background The best strategy for maintaining clinical remission in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) has not been defined. C-OPTIMISE compared dose continuation, reduction and withdrawal of the tumour necrosis factor inhibitor certolizumab pegol (CZP) following achievement of sustained remission in patients with early axSpA. Methods C-OPTIMISE was a two-part, multicentre phase 3b study in adults with early active axSpA (radiographic or non-radiographic). During the 48-week open-label induction period, patients received CZP 200 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W). At Week 48, patients in sustained remission (Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) &lt;1.3 at Weeks 32/36 and 48) were randomised to double-blind CZP 200 mg Q2W (full maintenance dose), CZP 200 mg every 4 weeks (Q4W; reduced maintenance dose) or placebo (withdrawal) for a further 48 weeks. The primary endpoint was remaining flare-free (flare: ASDAS ≥2.1 at two consecutive visits or ASDAS &gt;3.5 at any time point) during the double-blind period. Results At Week 48, 43.9% (323/736) patients achieved sustained remission, of whom 313 were randomised to CZP full maintenance dose, CZP reduced maintenance dose or placebo. During Weeks 48 to 96, 83.7% (87/104), 79.0% (83/105) and 20.2% (21/104) of patients receiving the full maintenance dose, reduced maintenance dose or placebo, respectively, were flare-free (p&lt;0.001 vs placebo in both CZP groups). Responses in radiographic and non-radiographic axSpA patients were comparable. Conclusions Patients with early axSpA who achieve sustained remission at 48 weeks can reduce their CZP maintenance dose; however, treatment should not be completely discontinued due to the high risk of flare following CZP withdrawal. Trial registration number NCT02505542 , ClinicalTrials.gov.
GPS2 promotes erythroid differentiation by control of the stability of EKLF protein
Authors: Wen-Bing Ma, Xiao-Han Wang, Chang-Yan Li, Huan-Huan Tian, Jie Zhang, Jun-Jie Bi, Guang-Ming Ren, Shou-Song Tao, Xian Liu, Wen Zhang, Dong-Xu Li, Hui Chen, Yi-Qun Zhan, Miao Yu, Chang-Hui Ge, Xiao-Ming Yang, Rong-Hua Yin
Journal: Blood (2020)
APPLICATION AND OUTCOMES OF THE HYBRID APPROACH TO CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSION PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: AN UPDATE FROM A CONTEMPORARY MULTICENTER US REGISTRY
Authors: Aris Karatasakis, Dimitrios Karmpaliotis, Khaldoon Alaswad, Farouc Jaffer, Robert Yeh, Ray Wyman, William Lombardi, James Grantham, David Kandzari, Nicholas Lembo, Anthony Doing, Mitul Patel, John Bahadorani, Jeffrey Moses, Ajay Kirtane, Manish Parikh, Sanjog Kalra, Barbara Danek, Judit Karacsonyi, Phuong-Khanh Nguyen-Trong, Bavana Rangan, Michele Roesle, Craig Thompson, Subhash Banerjee, Emmanouil Brilakis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
PTH-039 Endoscopic mucosal resection of duodenal adenomas: success, complications, recurrence, surgery-free outcomes in a UK tertiary-centre
Authors: Richard Lord, Pradeep Mundre, Matthew Gold, Lawrence Hamshaw, Jack Kane, Noor Mohammed, Bjorn Rembacken, Ruch Sood
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

<h3>Background</h3> Duodenal adenomas consist of sporadic and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) associated adenomas. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is the recognised technique when considering endoscopic removal of these lesions, but outcomes from large studies are lacking. Leeds Teaching Hospitals (LTHT) is a large tertiary centre that has a local catchment area of more than 8 00 000 people, and to our knowledge this is the largest UK cohort assessing duodenal EMR outcomes. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective data collection was performed of all patients who underwent duodenal EMR over a 17 year period at LTHT. We collected data on patient demographics, lesion characteristics and outcomes including significant complications, recurrence and surgery-free survival. Procedures were performed by a single advanced therapeutic endoscopist or an endoscopy fellow under supervision. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 98 patients underwent EMR (sporadic n=23, FAP n=75). Median adenoma size was 12.5 mm (IQR 9.0–30.0 mm), with 46.9% removed en-bloc. Standard EMR was performed in 87 procedures, and 'pull-within snare' technique in the remaining 11 procedures. Final lesion histology was TA/TVA with LGD (n=80), TA/TVA with HGD (n=12), intra-mucosal cancer (n=3) and in 3 cases data was missing. Patients with FAP were significantly younger with a median age of 49 years (p&lt;0.001). The overall complication rate was 12.4%. One (1.0%) patient had an intra-procedural bleed which could not be managed endoscopically, delayed bleeding occurred in 6 cases (6.2%) and perforation occurred in 5 cases (5.2%), 3 (3.1%) of which could not be managed endoscopically. Following univariate analysis, 'pull-within snare' technique (p=0.03), piecemeal resection (p=0.002), and increasing polyp size (p=0.003) were significantly associated with complications. Adenoma recurrence at first follow up was 25.0%. Surgery was required in 6 patients (6.2%) within 24 months of their EMR, 4 (4.1%) cases for adenomas &gt;30 mm, 2 (2%) cases for 10–29 mm and no cases for adenomas &lt;10 mm. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This is the largest cohort in the UK pertaining to duodenal EMR outcomes, with success, recurrence and complications similar to other world leading endoscopy centres. Adverse outcomes are associated with increasing lesion size, piecemeal resection and EMR technique.
Proton spectroscopy of brain glutamine in acute liver failure
Authors: J MCCONNELL
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Evidence indicates that the accumulation of glutamine in the brain plays an important role in the pathogenesis and severity of the encephalopathy of acute liver failure (ALF). This study uses in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<1>H MRS) to assess brain glutamine (GLN) in five cases of acute liver failure. The findings are consistent with prior investigations and suggest that the alpha <1>H of the GLN molecule can be used for noninvasive spectroscopic quantitation of brain GLN in patients with ALF. (HEPATOLOGY 1995;22:69–74.)
Abstract 18920: Tricuspid Valve Dysfunction in the Setting of Left Heart Valve Disease Begins with Annular Shape Distortion Prior to Dilatation
Authors: Naohiko Nemoto, Wesley R Pedersen, John R Lesser, Stephanie Rutten-Ramos, Robert S Schwartz
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: Tricuspid Valve (TV) integrity is a potent predictor of poor prognosis in left heart valve dysfunction (LVD) and is independent of TR severity. Early stages of TV dysfunction prior to regurgitation are important since percutaneous therapies may soon permit early TV intervention. We examined the Tricuspid annulus major/minor axes, annulus area, and right atrial (RA) major/minor axes to detect the earliest stages of TV compromise. Methods: We analyzed 220 patients by echocardiography and CT angiography. TR was classified into 2 groups, None/Mild (Group 1, n=193) and Moderate/Severe (Group 2, n=27). Group I was subdivided into those without LVD (Group IA, n=140) and those with LVD (Group IB, n=53). GroupIIwas similarly divided (GroupIIA, n=14 no LVD) and (GroupIIB, n=13, LVD). Major and minor tricuspid annulus diameters (TAD) and normalized BSA areas (nTAA) were measured. Results: Four results occurred in cross-group analyses. 1) Patients without TR had significantly longer minor axes when LVD was present, though TA major axes did not differ (Groups IA vs IB), indicating LVD is associated with TA circularization. 2) Major and minor axes were significantly larger when TR developed regardless of LVD (Groups IA/IB vs IIA/IIB), p&lt;0.05. 3) The RA long axis may determine TR onset in the setting of LVD. 4) TA circularization by minor axis increase was responsible for significantly larger nTAA, with an optimal dilation threshold &gt;928mm2/m2. Conclusions: This study suggests that 1. LVD plays a role in early TA deformation, rendering it more circular through minor axis increase alone. 2. RA long axis lengthening correlates with TAA and may cause minor axis lengthening. 3. If TR has developed, the TA major and minor axes, and nTAA are enlarged regardless of whether LVD is present. Early changes in the TA minor/major axes and RA long axis may play key roles in prognostication for patients with or without LVD.
Helen Salisbury: Message in a bottle
Authors: Helen Salisbury
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The covid-19 pandemic has brought into sharp focus the need for care planning, especially with our older and frailer patients, for whom the benefits of hospital care need to be weighed against the risk of being cut off from family at the end of life. “Care planning” is sometimes seen as shorthand for a discussion about whether a patient would want to have cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the event of a cardiac arrest. This can be a difficult conversation: apart from the danger of inducing fear and anxiety if we handle it poorly, we run the risk of giving a false impression …
Coarctation of the Aorta
Authors: John A. Meyer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

COARCTATION of the aorta, although it has long been recognized, was regarded merely as a curious anomaly until 1944, when Crafoord performed the first operation for its relief. However, this successful operative treatment was the result of a number of years of investigation, during which the feasibility of such an operation had been demonstrated.Blalock1 had shown in 1932 that dogs will not survive an acute occlusion of the thoracic aorta and that the average duration of life after the occlusion is about three hours. However, in 1942, Owings2 found that a multiple-stage progressive occlusion and eventual complete division of . . .
Comprehensive Analysis of Genetic Ancestry and Its Molecular Correlates in Cancer
Authors: Jian Carrot-Zhang, Nyasha Chambwe, Jeffrey S. Damrauer, Theo A. Knijnenburg, A. Gordon Robertson, Christina Yau, Wanding Zhou, Ashton C. Berger, Kuan-lin Huang, Justin Y. Newberg, R. Jay Mashl, Alessandro Romanel, Rosalyn W. Sayaman, Francesca Demichelis, Ina Felau, Garrett M. Frampton, Seunghun Han, Katherine A. Hoadley, Anab Kemal, Peter W. Laird, Alexander J. Lazar, Xiuning Le, Ninad Oak, Hui Shen, Christopher K. Wong, Jean C. Zenklusen, Elad Ziv, Andrew D. Cherniack, Rameen Beroukhim, Francois Aguet, Li Ding, John A. Demchok, Michael K.A. Mensah, Samantha Caesar-Johnson, Roy Tarnuzzer, Zhining Wang, Liming Yang, Jessica Alfoldi, Konrad J. Karczewski, Daniel G. MacArthur, Matthew Meyerson, Christopher Benz, Joshua M. Stuart
Journal: Cancer Cell (2020)
Drug Targeting to the Brain
Authors: A.G. de Boer, P.J. Gaillard
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2006)

The central nervous system (CNS) is a sanctuary site and is protected by various barriers. These regulate brain homeostasis and the transport of endogenous and exogenous compounds by controlling their selective and specific uptake, efflux, and metabolism in the brain. Unfortunately, potential drugs for the treatment of most brain diseases are therefore often not able to cross these barriers. As a result, various drug delivery and targeting strategies are currently being developed to enhance the transport and distribution of drugs into the brain. Here we discuss briefly the biology and physiology of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebro-spinal-fluid barrier (BCSFB), and, in more detail, the possibilities for delivering large-molecular-weight drugs by local and global delivery and by viral and receptor-mediated nonviral drug delivery to the (human) brain.
Letter to the editor: Evidence on school closure and children’s social contact: useful for coronavirus disease (COVID-19)?
Authors: Michele Poletti, Andrea Raballo
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

Preview this article: Letter to the editor: Evidence on school closure and children's social contact: useful for coronavirus disease (COVID-19)?, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/25/17/eurosurv-25-17-6-1.gif
Parental origin of monosomic chromosomes in near-haploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Kristina B. Lundin-Ström, Kristoffer Ström, Andrea Biloglav, Gisela Barbany, Mikael Behrendtz, Anders Castor, Linda Olsson-Arvidsson, Bertil Johansson
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2020)
Necessity for additional incisions with the cervical Collar incision to remove retrosternal goiters
Authors: Seymur Salih Mehmetoglu, Asli Gul Akgul, Salih Topcu, Serkan Ozbay, Huseyin Fatih Sezer, Serife Tuba Liman, Zafer Canturk, Zafer Utkan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Retrosternal goiters (RSGs) can be removed transcervically but additional incisions are sometimes necessary. We planned the factors determining the need for additional incisions to remove an RSG goiter based on our experience and on an algorithm.  Between 2006-2013 additional incisions were needed in 20 patients with RSG in whom collar excision was not successful. Partial sternotomy was performed in 5 patients, total sternotomy in 13 and thoracotomy in 2. Vocal cord paralysis was detected in 1 patient at admission to the clinic and was occurred in 2 patients due to the operation. Tracheal laseration was occurred in 1 patient due to the intubation. Resection could not performed to 1 patient after getting the frozen-section as medullary tiroid carcinoma. The final histopathologies were learned as adenomatous guatr in all patients in whom total tiroidectomy was applied.  Additional incisions can be made if thyroidectomy cannot be done transcervically and if the goiter extends to the level of the aortic arch. If the thyroid gland extends below the aortic arch and the lateral diameter of the goiter is greater than 10 cm, apartial sternotomy may be required. Total sternotomy is needed when an RSG extends caudally to the azygos vein, if it is located in the retrotracheal or retroesophageal space, or if it is recurrent or ectopic. Coexisting lung disorders and goiters extending to the left atrium also require thoracotomy.
Varicella-Zoster Virus Vaccine
Authors: Philip A. Brunell
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In his discussion of the new Japanese chickenpox vaccine (238:1731, 1977), Albert B. Sabin, MD, provides a somewhat superficial analysis of the morbidity produced by varicella. The implication that the chickenpox vaccine may reduce the morbidity owing to zoster or the statement that the use of the vaccine will not produce more zoster than natural infections, moreover, are entirely speculative. Although chickenpox is a very contagious disease that is contracted by almost all children, it is usually quite mild. Most of the morbidity tends to be concentrated in a relatively small group of immunocompromised persons and in adults. Immunocompromised persons are easily identified, and in most the illness can be modified by passive immunization. The total deaths owing to chickenpox encephalitis were 14, 10, and 12 during the last three years (reports are available). Of major concern is the fact that varicella-zoster virus, as the name implies,
Abstract 14212: Evaluation of Glucose Metabolic Activity of Carotid Artery Plaque Components: A Structural-Functional Assessment Using PET-MRI
Authors: William B Reichert, Diane Parrington, Edwin Goldstein, Keith Chan, Julie Kurtz, Raymond Q Migrino
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Major adverse cardiovascular events arise from rupture-prone vulnerable plaques (VP) which are believed to have distinct structural and metabolic characteristics. MRI can delineate ne...
Commentary: Could iron chelators prove to be useful as an adjunct to COVID-19 Treatment Regimens?
Authors: Maria Dalamaga, Irene Karampela, Christos S. Mantzoros
Journal: Metabolism (2020)

The pandemic of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a significant threat to global health. Currently, no specific prophylactic and therapeutic treatment is available. No evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that a treatment may ameliorate the clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19 exists with the only exception of preliminary evidence from remdesivir trials. Here, we present evidence from the literature and a compelling hypothesis on the potential immunomodulatory, iron chelating and anti-oxidant effects of iron chelators in the treatment of COVID-19 and its complications. Interestingly, iron chelation has been shown in vitro to suppress endothelial inflammation in viral infection, which is the main pathophysiologic mechanism behind systemic organ involvement induced by SARS-CoV-2, by inhibiting IL-6 synthesis through decreasing NF-kB.Iron chelators exhibit iron chelating, antiviral and immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo, particularly against RNA viruses. These agents could attenuate ARDS and help control SARS-CoV-2 via multiple mechanisms including: 1) inhibition of viral replication; 2) decrease of iron availability; 3) upregulation of B cells; 4) improvement of the neutralizing anti-viral antibody titer; 5) inhibition of endothelial inflammation and 6) prevention of pulmonary fibrosis and lung decline via reduction of pulmonary iron accumulation. Both retrospective analyses of data in electronic health records, as well as proof of concept studies in humans and large RCTs are needed to fully elucidate the efficacy and safety of iron chelating agents in the therapeutic armamentarium of COVID-19, probably as an adjunctive treatment.
Adefovir dipivoxil therapy for lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B in pre– and post–liver transplantation patients
Authors: E Schiff
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Three-hundred and twenty-four patients were enrolled in an open-label, multicenter, international study in which pre- and post-liver transplantation (LT) patients with recurrent chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and evidence of lamivudine-resistant HBV were treated with adefovir dipivoxil 10 mg once daily. In the pre- and post-LT cohorts, 128 and 196 patients were treated for a median duration of 18.7 and 56.1 weeks, respectively. In patients who received 48 weeks of treatment, 81% of the pre-LT and 34% of the post-LT cohort achieved undetectable serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA (Roche Amplicor MonitorTM polymerase chain reaction [PCR] assay lower limit of quantification [LLQ] < 400 copies/mL) with a median change in serum HBV DNA from baseline of −4.1 log10 and −4.3 log10 copies/mL, respectively. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin, bilirubin, and prothrombin time normalized in 76%, 81%, 50%, and 83% of pre-LT patients and 49%, 76%, 75%, and 20% of post-LT patients. The Child-Pugh-Turcotte (CPT) score improved in over 90% of patients in both cohorts. Genotypic analysis of 122 HBV baseline samples revealed that 98% of these patients had lamivudine-resistant mutant HBV. No adefovir resistance mutations were identified in patients after 48 weeks of therapy. One-year survival was 84% for pre-LT and 93% for post-LT patients (Kaplan-Meier analysis). Treatment-related adverse effects associated with adefovir dipivoxil in this setting were primarily mild to moderate in severity. In conclusion, 48 weeks of adefovir dipivoxil resulted in significant improvements in virologic, biochemical, and clinical parameters in CHB patients pre- and post-LT with lamivudine-resistant HBV. (Hepatology 2003;38:1419-1427.)
The prevalence and importance of frailty in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction – an analysis of <scp>PARADIGM‐HF</scp> and <scp>ATMOSPHERE</scp>
Authors: Pooja Dewan, Alice Jackson, Pardeep S. Jhund, Li Shen, João Pedro Ferreira, Mark C. Petrie, William T. Abraham, Akshay S. Desai, Kenneth Dickstein, Lars Køber, Milton Packer, Jean L. Rouleau, Scott D. Solomon, Karl Swedberg, Michael R. Zile, John J.V. McMurray
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2020)

Abstract Aims Frailty, characterized by loss of homeostatic reserves and increased vulnerability to physiological decompensation, results from an aggregation of insults across multiple organ systems. Frailty can be quantified by counting the number of ‘health deficits’ across a range of domains. We assessed the frequency of, and outcomes related to, frailty in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Methods and results Using a cumulative deficits approach, we constructed a 42‐item frailty index (FI) and applied it to identify frail patients enrolled in two HFrEF trials (PARADIGM‐HF and ATMOSPHERE). In keeping with previous studies, patients with FI ≤0.210 were classified as non‐frail and those with higher scores were divided into two categories using score increments of 0.100. Clinical outcomes were examined, adjusting for prognostic variables. Among 13 625 participants, mean (± standard deviation) FI was 0.250 (0.10) and 8383 patients (63%) were frail (FI &gt;0.210). The frailest patients were older and had more symptoms and signs of heart failure. Women were frailer than men. All outcomes were worse in the frailest, with high rates of all‐cause death or all‐cause hospitalization: 40.7 (39.1–42.4) vs. 22.1 (21.2–23.0) per 100 person‐years in the non‐frail; adjusted hazard ratio 1.63 (1.53–1.75) ( P &lt; 0.001). The rate of all‐cause hospitalizations, taking account of recurrences, was 61.5 (59.8–63.1) vs. 31.2 (30.3–32.2) per 100 person‐years (incidence rate ratio 1.76; 1.62–1.90; P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion Frailty is highly prevalent in HFrEF and associated with greater deterioration in quality of life and higher risk of hospitalization and death. Strategies to prevent and treat frailty are needed in HFrEF.