tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Empowering interpreters to partner in palliative care (PC) conversations: Effect of a dialogue-based curriculum.
Authors: Janet Lee Abrahm, Jessica Goldhirsch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

21 Background: Effective communication across cultural and linguistic barriers during breaking bad news, DNR, and EOL conversations requires professional medical interpreters skilled in PC communication and clinicians skilled in working with interpreters. But interpreters are rarely included in meetings preceding these conversations, or made aware of the patient’s prognosis or the emotionally-charged subjects likely to arise. They may know the patient and family, cultural norms, and identify the decision makers, but often do not feel empowered to offer this crucial information to clinicians. To be effective cultural brokers, interpreters must be trained in PC terminology and feel empowered to contribute. Methods: A six-session curriculum: Palliative Care Dialogues with Interpreters, facilitated by an experienced PC social worker (SW) and physician, was delivered to medical interpreters from Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. The curriculum included links to relevant materials, and structured 1-hour sessions including role-plays on: Initiating and managing a pre-encounter conference; Family meetings; Terms used in PC meetings; Family meetings to discuss code status and end of life-prolonging therapies; Cultural Mediating; Interpreting for SWs and chaplains (with SW and chaplains doing role plays); and Experiencing being a cultural mediator in End of Life Care. 41 participants completed a 23-question pre- and post-course survey on their confidence in interpreting these conversations. Results: There was a highly significant improvement in interpreter post-course confidence ( N = 41. p=1.4080 x 10 −11) . Facilitated dialogues enabled interpreters to assert concerns, share knowledge, and practice new behaviors in a “safe” space, behaviors they reported they then used in clinical practice. Dialogues provided clinicians an opportunity to learn about the challenging linguistic, cultural and emotional experiences of medical interpreters. Conclusions: Facilitated and well-structured dialogues, including didactics, discussions and roleplaying caused highly significant improvements in interpreter confidence in interpreting PC conversations.
Pubertal timing and adult fracture risk in men: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Liesbeth Vandenput, Jenny M. Kindblom, Maria Bygdell, Maria Nethander, Claes Ohlsson
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2019)

Background Puberty is a critical period for bone mass accrual, and late puberty in boys is associated with reduced bone mass in adult men. The role of variations in pubertal timing within the normal range for adult fracture risk in men is, however, unknown. We, therefore, assessed the association between age at peak height velocity (PHV), an objective measure of pubertal timing, and fracture risk in adult men. Methods and findings In the BMI Epidemiology Study Gothenburg, 31,971 Swedish men born between January 1, 1945, and December 31, 1961, with detailed growth data (height and weight) available from centrally archived school healthcare records and the conscription register were followed until December 31, 2016. Age at PHV was calculated according to a modified infancy–childhood–puberty model, and fracture information was retrieved from the Swedish National Patient Register. The mean ± SD age at PHV was 14.1 ± 1.1 years. In total, 5,872 men (18.4%) sustained at least 1 fracture after 20 years of age and 5,731 men (17.9%) sustained a non-vertebral fracture after 20 years of age during a mean ± SD follow-up of 37.3 ± 11.7 years. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for birth year and country of origin revealed that age at PHV was associated with the risk of any fracture and non-vertebral fracture. Participants with age at PHV in the highest tertile (after 14.5 years of age) were at greater risk of any fracture (hazard ratio [HR] 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.22, P < 0.001) and non-vertebral fracture (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.09–1.24, P < 0.001) compared with those with age at PHV in the lowest tertile (at 13.6 years of age or younger). Additional adjustments for birthweight, childhood BMI, adult educational level, and young adult height did not attenuate the associations between age at PHV and adult fracture risk. Limitations of this study include the inability to adjust for important risk factors for fracture, inadequate power to assess the relation between pubertal timing and specific fracture types, and the limited generalizability to other populations. Conclusions In this study, we observed that late pubertal timing was associated with increased adult fracture risk in men. These findings suggest that information on pubertal timing might aid in the identification of those men at greatest risk of fracture.
Post-Marketing Use Outcomes of an Anti-CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cell Therapy, Axicabtagene Ciloleucel (Axi-Cel), for the Treatment of Large B Cell Lymphoma (LBCL) in the United States (US)
Authors: Marcelo C. Pasquini, Frederick L. Locke, Alex F. Herrera, Tanya Siddiqi, Armin Ghobadi, Krishna V Komanduri, Zhen-Huan Hu, Hua Dong, Peiman Hematti, Sarah Nikiforow, Patricia Steinert, Anna Purdum, Mary M. Horowitz, Michelle Hooper, Jun Kawashima, Caron A. Jacobson
Journal: Blood (2019)
Induction gefitinib followed by standard chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced (LA) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activating mutations: The LOGIK0902/OLCSG0905 intergroup phase II study
Authors: S. Saeki, K. Hotta, M. Yamaguchi, D. Harada, A. Bessho, K. Tanaka, K. Inoue, K. Gemba, K. Inoue, E. Ichihara, J. Kishimoto, T. Sasaki, Y. Shioyama, K. Katsui, J. Sasaki, K. Kiura, K. Sugio
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Survival outcomes after laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy versus open distal gastrectomy with nodal dissection for clinical stage IA or IB gastric cancer (JCOG0912): a multicentre, non-inferiority, phase 3 randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hitoshi Katai, Junki Mizusawa, Hiroshi Katayama, Shinji Morita, Takanobu Yamada, Etsuro Bando, Seiji Ito, Masakazu Takagi, Akinori Takagane, Shin Teshima, Keisuke Koeda, Souya Nunobe, Takaki Yoshikawa, Masanori Terashima, Mitsuru Sasako
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2019)
Oral Arginine Therapy As a Novel Adjuvant in the Management of Acute Pain in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia in Nigeria: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Richard Onalo, Peter Cooper, Antoinette Cilliers, Uche Nnebe-Agumadu, Oluseyi Oniyangi, Damilare Oladimeji, Claudia R. Morris
Journal: Blood (2019)
Perceived Comparative Harm of Cigarettes and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
Authors: Amy L. Nyman, Jidong Huang, Scott R. Weaver, Michael P. Eriksen
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

ResultsThere were 5357 participants (mean [SD] age, 47.5 [17.1] years; 2660 [49.7%] women) in our 2017 sample and 5445 participants (mean [SD] age, 48.0 [17.2] years; 2849 [52.3%] women) in our 2018 sample.After study-specific poststratification weights were included, the 2017 sample included
Relationship of physical function to outcomes in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Authors: Joseph Caveney, Abraham Sebastian Kanate, Gerald Hobbs, Anne Swisher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

116 Background: Physical function is an important consideration for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) but it is often judged subjectively rather than tested. This study examined the ability of functional test results to predict key transplant outcomes versus subjective rating. Methods: Patients receiving outpatient auto-HSCT performed a pre-transplant 2-minute walk test (2MWT), isometric handgrip testing, 5-times sit-to-stand test (5XSST) and timed up and go test (TUG). Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score was assigned by the treating oncologist. At day 100 following auto-HSCT, charts were extracted for age, gender, diagnosis, total number of hospital days, and days of platelet and neutrophil recovery. Predictions were determined through stepwise regression analysis. Results: Data from 37 patients (24 M, 13 F) were analyzed. The most common diagnosis was multiple myeloma. One patient expired prior to day 100. KPS was weakly correlated with all functional tests (spearman rho values 0.15 to 0.27, p values 0.07 to 0.32). KPS did not predict # hospital days (p = 0.53), neurophil recovery (p = 0.22) or platelet recovery (p = 0.51). In contrast, there was a trend for 5XSTS to predict # hospital days (p = 0.10), although predictive ability was low (R 2 = 0.07). TUG was the best predictor of platelet recovery (p = .021), followed by 2MWT (p = 0.23) (R 2 = 0.10). KPS did not predict any outcome measure, and none of the variables predicted neutrophil recovery. Conclusions: KPS does not correlate well with physical function testing nor does it predict key auto-HSCT short-term outcomes. While not a major contributor to hospitalization days or blood count recovery time, 5XSST and TUG appear to have potential to predict transplant outcomes. Future testing with larger samples is needed to determine the impact of physical function on long-term auto-HSCT outcomes.
Estimated effects of health conditions and risk factors on social and socioeconomic outcomes: mendelian randomisation of UK Biobank data
Authors: Sean Harrison, Alisha R Davies, Matt Dickson, Jessica Tyrrell, Michael J Green, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Desmond Campbell, Marcus Munafò, Padraig Dixon, Hayley E Jones, Frances Rice, Neil M Davies, Laura D Howe
Journal: The Lancet (2019)
Benefit of stopping finite nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Yun-Fan Liaw, Wen-Juei Jeng
Journal: Gut (2019)

The article of Liem et al 1 addressed important issues of finite nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUC) therapy in mostly Asian (>95%) patients with chronic hepatitis B. It is a randomised controlled trial (RCT) on this issue second to that of the first but a smaller one involving mainly (85%–90%) Caucasian patients.2 Whereas recent controlled and cohort studies in pretherapy HBeAg-negative patients have provided evidence of much increased HBsAg loss rate after stopping NUC therapy,2–6 the reasons of the contradictory conclusion of this study and several critical points of this trial deserve clarification and further discussion.

First, only 42% of the 159 patients agreed to be enrolled. Are there any bias comparing …
Detection of Unusual Peritoneal Metastases of Prostate Cancer With 68Ga–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen PET/CT
Authors: Duygu Has Simsek, Yasemin Sanli
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Abstract Peritoneal metastasis of prostate cancer (PC) is unusual site of metastatic disease; only limited case reports are published in literature. 68 Ga–prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT is recently used for detection of PC metastasis with high accuracy rates. We present a case of a 68-year-old man with disseminated peritoneal metastases and abdominal metastatic lymph nodes of PC, demonstrated in 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT with intense PSMA uptake.
Long-term effects of intensive multifactorial therapy in individuals with screen-detected type 2 diabetes in primary care: 10-year follow-up of the ADDITION-Europe cluster-randomised trial
Authors: Simon J Griffin, Guy E H M Rutten, Kamlesh Khunti, Daniel R Witte, Torsten Lauritzen, Stephen J Sharp, Else-Marie Dalsgaard, Melanie J Davies, Greg J Irving, Rimke C Vos, David R Webb, Nicholas J Wareham, Annelli Sandbæk
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2019)
Kinin B1 Receptor Is Important in the Pathogenesis of Myeloperoxidase-Specific ANCA GN
Authors: Peiqi Hu, Hua Su, Hong Xiao, Shen-Ju Gou, Carolina A. Herrera, Marco A. Alba, Masao Kakoki, Ronald J. Falk, J. Charles Jennette
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2019)

Myeloperoxidase-specific ANCA (MPO-ANCA) are implicated in the pathogenesis of vasculitis and GN. Kinins play a major role during acute inflammation by regulating vasodilatation and vascular permeability and by modulating adhesion and migration of leukocytes. Kinin system activation occurs in patients with ANCA vasculitis. Previous studies in animal models of GN and sclerosing kidney diseases have demonstrated protective effects of bradykinin receptor 1 (B1R) blockade
Analysis of Mechanisms Underlying Clonal Evolution of AML By a New Single-Cell Sequencing Platform
Authors: Ryosaku Inagaki, Masahiro Marshall Nakagawa, Yasuhito Nannya, Qi Xingxing, Lanying Zhao, June Takeda, Akinori Yoda, Ayana Kon, Hisashi Tsurumi, Hideki Makishima, Seishi Ogawa
Journal: Blood (2019)
The GRIT (Gather, Restate, Inquire, Talk It Out) Framework for Addressing Microaggressions
Authors: Nafisseh S. Warner, Catherine W. Njathi-Ori, Erin K. O’Brien
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2019)

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Active Remodeling of the Coronary Arterial Lesions in the Late Phase of Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Atsuko Suzuki, Sachiko Miyagawa-Tomita, Keiko Komatsu, Toshio Nishikawa, Yasunari Sakomura, Toshinobu Horie, Makoto Nakazawa
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Remodeling of the coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease has been observed in longitudinal angiographic studies. However, mechanisms of such remodeling have not yet been elucidated. Methods and Results —We examined formalin-fixed specimens of the coronary arteries immunohistochemically by using antibodies against vascular growth factors (GFs) and their receptors in 7 children with Kawasaki disease, 9 children with no coronary disease, and 3 adults with atherosclerosis. In the thickened intima at stenotic sites and at recanalized vessels with Kawasaki disease, extensive expression of vascular GFs, such as transforming GF-β 1 , platelet-derived GF-A, and basic fibroblast GF, was observed both within and surrounding smooth muscle cells. Vascular endothelial GF was observed within smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, all of these GFs were strongly expressed in the newly formed microvessels within the intima. In the thinned media, these GFs were focally and weakly expressed. In contrast, these GFs were expressed only in the media in the control children. In cases of adult atherosclerosis, GFs were expressed diffusely in the media but focally and weakly if at all in the intima. Conclusions —Active remodeling of the coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease continues in the form of luxuriant intimal proliferation and neoangiogenesis for several years after the onset of the disease. This process is distinct from adult-onset atherosclerosis.
Genomic screening and genomic diagnostic testing—two very different kettles of fish
Authors: Leslie G. Biesecker
Journal: Genome Medicine (2019)

Abstract Genomic testing can be misunderstood as being determinative, when in reality it is the same as all other tests and context is essential for its correct interpretation. Two hypothetical cases of testing for Marfan syndrome demonstrate how clinicians should contextualize genomic test results and the implementation of Bayes theorem in clinical decision-making.
Platelet to lymphocyte ratio is associated with tumour localization and outcomes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: A. Bilici, B. Cakan, T. Demir, B.B. Oven, O. Acikgoz, J. Hamdard, O.F. Olmez, O. Olmuscelik, M. Seker, O. Yildiz
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Response to Comment on Kiviniemi et al. Prediabetes and Risk for Cardiac Death Among Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: The ARTEMIS Study. Diabetes Care 2019;42:1319–1325
Authors: Antti M. Kiviniemi, Mikko P. Tulppo, M. Juhani Junttila, Heikki V. Huikuri
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

We appreciate the comments by Chattopadhyay and John (1) on our recent study on prognostic significance of prediabetes in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) (2). They raise concerns about a self-selected low-risk population, which they claim compromises the generalization of the results. The aim of the Innovation to Reduce Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes at the Intersection (ARTEMIS) study was to assess prognostic significance of prediabetes among CAD patients in stable-phase CAD. Approximately half had history of myocardial infarction (MI). Authors Chattopadhyay and John are correct that patients with severe cardiac condition were excluded (2) and some may have even died before enrollment. In this case, it would be interesting to know whether treatment …
Phase II study of atezolizumab for pretreated advanced / recurrent non-small cell lung cancer with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (TORG1936 / AMBITIOUS study)
Authors: S. Ikeda, T. Kato, H. Kenmotsu, T. Ogura, S. Iwasawa, T. Iwasawa, R. Kasajima, Y. Miyagi, T. Misumi, T. Yamanaka, H. Okamoto
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
MATRIX-METALLOPROTEINASES 2, 8 AND 9 IN SEVERE SEPSIS-A PROSPECTIVE LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF 44 PATIENTS
Authors: F. Gaddnas, M. Sutinen, T. Salo, J. Laurila, V. Koivukangas, T. Ala-Kokko, A. Oikarinen
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2009)
Systemic inflammatory markers may predict survival in advanced cancer patients admitted to an acute palliative care unit.
Authors: Si Won Lee, Yu Jung Kim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

134 Background: The Acute Palliative Care Unit (APCU) is an inpatient palliative care program that provides intensive symptom management and facilitates the transition from hospital discharge to hospice. Often patients are admitted to the APCU very late at the end of their disease trajectory. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether systemic inflammatory markers can predict remaining survival in these patients. Methods: Advanced cancer patients admitted to the APCU at a tertiary cancer center in Korea between April 2015 and March 2016 were included in this retrospective study. Of the 405 consecutive APCU admissions during this time period, there were 312 individual patients. Within this cohort, 267 patients were eligible for this study. Systemic inflammatory markers including albumin level, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and Advanced Lung cancer Inflammation index (ALI = BMI x Albumin / NLR) were analyzed. Results: Of the 267 patients analyzed, the median age of patients was 66 (range, 23-97), and 45% were female. Primary cancer types were lung cancer (21%), gastric cancer (17%), colorectal cancer (15%), and pancreatobiliary cancer (14%). Overall survival after admission to the APCU was 21 days. Patients with low albumin level ( &lt; 3.3g/dL) showed shorter survival compared with those with normal albumin level (16 days vs 32 days, hazard ratio [HR] 1.79, 95% CI 1.37-2.33, P &lt; 0.001). Median NLR was 8.7, and patients with high NLR (≥8.7) exhibited poorer survival (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.03-1.68, P = 0.028). Patients with low ALI ( &lt; 18) had poor prognosis compared with those with high ALI (≥18) (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.15-2.08, P = 0.004). Conclusions: Low albumin level ( &lt; 3.3), high NLR (≥8.7), and low ALI ( &lt; 18) may indicate poor prognosis in advanced cancer patients admitted to the APCU. A prospective cohort studies are necessary to validate these results.
Interim analysis from a phase IIIb, open-label study of afatinib in EGFR TKI-naïve patients (pts) with EGFR mutation-positive (EGFRm+) NSCLC
Authors: F. De Marinis, K.K. Laktionov, A. Poltoratskiy, I. Egorova, M. Hochmair, A. Passaro, M.R. Migliorino, G. Metro, M. Gottfried, D. Tsoi, G. Ostoros, S. Rizzato, G.Z. Mukhametshina, M. Schumacher, S. Novello, R. Dziadziuszko, W. Tang, L. Clementi, A. Cseh, D. Kowalski
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Heavy and binge alcohol drinking and parenting status in the United States from 2006 to 2018: An analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional surveys
Authors: Sarah McKetta, Katherine M. Keyes
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2019)

Binge and heavy drinking are preventable causes of mortality and morbidity. Alcohol consumption by women who parent is damaging to child health, and it is concerning that women in the United States in their reproductive years have experienced increased drinking over the past decade. Although media attention has focused on the drinking status of women who are child-rearing, it remains unclear whether binge and heavy drinking vary by parenting status and sex.We examined national trends in binge drinking, defined as 5 or more drinks in a single day for men and 4 or more drinks for women, and heavy drinking, defined as 60 or more days with binge episodes in a year. We used survey-weighted logistic regression from the 2006-2018 waves of the cross-sectional National Health Interview Survey (NHIS, N = 239,944 eligible respondents) to study time trends in drinking outcomes by sex, age, and parenting status. Binge drinking increased for both sexes in nearly all age groups, with the largest increase among women ages 30-44 without children (from 21% reporting binge drinking in 2006 to 42% in 2018); the exception was young men (ages 18-29) with children, among whom binge drinking declined. By 2012, the prevalence of binge drinking among young men with children (38.5%) declined to below that of young women without children (39.2%) and stayed lower thereafter. Despite widespread increases in binge drinking, heavy drinking declined or remained stable for all groups except older women (ages 45-55) without children (odds ratio [OR] for heavy drinking each year = 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.10) and women ages 30-44, regardless of parenting status. For binge drinking outcomes only, we saw evidence of interaction in drinking trends by parenting status, but this was shown to be confounded by sex and age. Men and women with children reported consistently lower levels of drinking than those without children. Rates of abstention mirrored trends in binge outcomes for both sexes, limiting concerns about invariance. Study limitations include self-reported data and measurement invariance in binge drinking cutoffs across study years.This study demonstrated that trends in binge and heavy drinking over time were not differential by parenting status for women; rather, declines and increases over time were mainly attributable to sex and age. Women both with and without children are increasing binge and heavy drinking; men, regardless of parenting status, and women without children consumed more alcohol than women with children. Regardless of impact on child health, increased drinking rates in the past decade are concerning for adult morbidity and mortality: binge drinking has increased among both sexes, and heavy drinking has increased among older women. Men and women of all ages and parenting status should be screened for heavy alcohol use and referred to specialty care as appropriate.
Photothermally triggered cytosolic drug delivery of glucose functionalized polydopamine nanoparticles in response to tumor microenvironment for the GLUT1-targeting chemo-phototherapy
Authors: Yinping Li, Weiying Hong, Henan Zhang, Tian Tian Zhang, Zhiyong Chen, Shiling Yuan, Peng Peng, Min Xiao, Li Xu
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2019)