tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multiple Classes of Antibiotic Use in Infancy and Allergic Disease in Childhood—Reply
Authors: Sidney Zven, Apryl Susi, Cade Nylund
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
孕期行糖尿病筛查2215例结果分析
Authors: 蒙占松, 卢玉莲, 董小娥
Journal: BMJ (2007)

妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)是妊娠期常见的并发症,使母婴合并症及难产率增加.对孕妇进行糖尿病的筛查及选择筛查的适宜时间、是否复查是产科临床有争议的问题[1].我院于2000年开始对来院检查的孕妇在孕20～26周、孕30～34周常规进行50 g葡萄糖负荷试验(GCT)筛查GDM,探讨普遍进行GCT筛查的必要性及GDM和妊娠糖耐量低减(GIGT)的发生情况。
Atrial fiberillation: epidemiology and management in real life
Authors: 胡大一, 孙艺红
Journal: BMJ (2006)

心房颤动(简称房颤)是脑卒中、心功能障碍和致死的重要危险因素,人口的老龄化使得其在未来数十年发病率将逐渐增加.随着基础和临床研究的不断深入,房颤的发生和发展机制渐渐被阐明,但临床中的很多问题还难以被解释清楚或尚存在争议,房颤的治疗还存在很多缺憾和误区.近年来,国内陆续发表了国人房颤的流行病学数据,发现了很多令人深思的问题。
Preliminary activity of tipifarnib in tumors of the head and neck, salivary gland and urothelial tract with HRAS mutations.
Authors: Alan Loh Ho, Glenn J. Hanna, Catherine Rose Scholz, Antonio Gualberto, Se Hoon Park
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

6504 Background: HRAS is a proto-oncogene overexpressed and mutated in some human carcinomas. Tipifarnib is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of farnesyltransferase, a critical enzyme for proper HRAS function. Methods: We report data from two phase 2 clinical trials investigating the activity of tipifarnib in HRAS mutant (HRASm) solid tumors: KO-TIP-001 (NCT02383927: Squamous carcinomas [SCC], thyroid and salivary gland tumors, among others) and IST-01 (NCT02535650: Urothelial carcinomas, UC).Primary endpoints were overall response rate (ORR, KO-TIP-001) and progression free survival (PFS) rate at 6 months (IST-01). All pts had RECIST v1.1. measurable disease at study entry. Pts receive a starting dose of tipifarnib of either 600 or 900 mg administered orally twice daily on days 1-7 and 15-21 of 28-day treatment cycles until progression of disease (PD) or unacceptable toxicity. Results: Proof of concept was achieved in studies KO-TIP-001 and IST-01. Based on preliminary efficacy results (Ho, et. al, ESMO 2018), KO-TIP-001 was amended to continue enrolling only in Head &amp; Neck SCC (HNSCC) pts (Cohort 2) and other SCC pts (Cohort 3) with tumors carrying high HRASm variant allele frequency (VAF) &gt;20%. As of 17 October 2019, 21 HNSCC pts meeting the high HRASm VAF criteria had been treated with tipifarnib of whom 18 were efficacy evaluable at data cut off. Pts had received a median of 2 prior systemic regimens. Ten objective responses were observed in 18 evaluable pts for an ORR of 56%. No responses were observed on last therapy prior to study entry. PFS on tipifarnib and on prior last therapy were, respectively, 6.1 and 2.8 months. In addition, 13 pts with recurrent/metastatic salivary gland tumors (SGT) were treated in KO-TIP-001 or in extended access programs. One objective response was observed in 12 (8%) evaluable pts and an additional 7 (58%) had stable disease as best response. Median PFS in SGT pts was 7 months. In IST-01, 224 UC pts were screened of whom 16 (7%) carried HRAS mutations and 15 of those were enrolled into the study. Five responses were observed in 12 evaluable UC pts (42%) and 3 additional pts had tumor size reduction. Median PFS was 5.1 months. Conclusions: Encouraging activity of tipifarnib was observed in HRASm solid tumors. Clinical trial information: NCT02383927, NCT02535650 .
亚临床甲状腺功能减退性肌病一例
Authors: 周桂兰, 李竞, 陈丹, 董红娟
Journal: BMJ (2006)

1. 临床资料:患者男性,24岁.因无明显诱因感四肢乏力尤以双下肢为甚,上楼梯及下蹲起立时困难,体重下降4年,于2005年10月13日入院.患者无明显怕冷、胸闷,无水肿,无肌肉疼痛.既往史:2003年在外院就诊肌电图检查提示肌源性损害,疑为代谢性肌病、多发性肌炎,给予地塞米松5～10 mg/d静脉滴注治疗20余天,效果不明显。
Social media use among NCI designated cancer centers: Where is the diversity?
Authors: Ana I. Velazquez Manana, Ryan Leibrandt, Lesley Wu, Carolina Bernabe Ramirez, Coral Olazagasti, Nina Thuha Nguyen, Carlos Rodriguez Bonilla, Narjust Duma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

11003 Background: The NCI-Designated Cancer Centers (NCC) are recognized for their leadership, research, and education of health care professionals (HCP). NCC are required to study and improve cancer disparities in their communities. Since the introduction of social media (SM), online platforms have become a source of health information and peer support among patients with cancer, leading to its adoption by NCC across the nation. We aimed to analyze the use of SM among NCC and how the racial/ethnic (RE) diversity represented in their SM messaging compares to their communities. Methods: We reviewed all original SM posts from adult NCC-specific Facebook (FB) and Twitter (TW) pages between 1/1/2019 to 12/31/2019. Basic laboratory NCC pages and retweets were excluded. A 1-year time period was selected to account for variation during health campaigns months. We analyzed each post’s language and content, and the gender and RE of individuals presented in images and videos (IV). Content was categorized into: screening, clinical trials, HCP, or patient story. Data was analyzed using chi-square and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results: We reviewed the FB and TW pages of 56 NCC. The median account age was 10 years for FB and 9 years for TW with a median number of followers of 9,861 and 6,066, respectively. The median number of posts per NCC was 250 in FB and 332 in TW. Only 5 NCC posted in a non-English language (range 1 – 5 posts). Among SM IV, &gt;60% of pages displayed females in ≥50% of their posts, African Americans (AA) were presented in 12-14% and Hispanics in 5%. When compared to their city demographics, Whites and Asians were significantly over-represented while Hispanics and AA were under-represented in NCC’s SM messaging (Table). When compared to the US census, over-representation of Asians and under-representation of Hispanics persisted. Cities with ≥20% AA or Hispanics displayed a higher proportion of IV presenting the respective RE group (p&lt;0.05). Content was not associated with RE makeup. Conclusions: By analyzing the IV posted by NCC on 2 SM platforms, we identified that Hispanics and AA were under-represented in NCC’s SM messaging. Furthermore, SM outreach for non-English speakers was abysmal. Equitable visual representation of diverse RE in NCC’s SM messaging has the potential to serve as a tangible means to demonstrate cultural competency and close the gap in cancer disparities. [Table: see text]
Abstract 18973: Mechanical Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Hospital Survival Among Adult Non-traumatic Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients Attending the Emergency Department: A Prospective, Multicenter, Observational Study in Japan (SOS-KANTO 2012 Study)
Authors: Kei Hayashida, Takashi Tagami, Tatsuma Fukuda, Masaru Suzuki, Naohiro Yonemoto, Yutaka Kondo, Tomoko Ogasawara, Atsushi Sakurai, Yoshio Tahara, Ken Nagao, Arino Yaguchi, Naoto Morimura
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Objectives: Although mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation (mCPR) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients attending the emergency department (ED) has become more widespread, little is...
曲霉菌感染致大咯血一例
Authors: 徐虹, 杨雨田, 卢慧宇, 任厚伟
Journal: BMJ (2011)

患者女,农民,54岁.因咯血3d于2010年6月26日人院.受凉后出现咯血,初为痰中带血丝,后为整口鲜血,当地医院给予“止血”等治疗(具体不详)后病情稍有缓解.我院以咯血待查收住院.既往因高血压服用卡托普利和硝苯地平,因右肺结核1年余正在接受抗结核药治疗.体检:体温36 7℃,脉搏98次/min,呼吸18次/min,血压120/80mm Hg(16.0/10.7 kpa).精神可,全身皮肤黏膜无黄染及出血点,未见肝掌及蜘蛛痣,浅表淋巴结未触及肿大,口唇无紫绀,咽充血,扁桃体无肿大,颈软,双肺叩诊呈清音,听诊呼吸音低,右上肺可闻及湿罗音和散在哮鸣音.心律齐,未闻及杂音.腹部和肢体检查均未见异常,入院诊断为“支气管扩张伴咯血?3级高血压(极高危)”. 关键词：曲霉菌属
Employing RNA sequencing to enhance treatment options for cancer patients.
Authors: Gargi D. Basu, Janine LoBello, Audrey Ozols
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

3628 Background: Fusions and translocations account for 20% of cancer mortality globally. Maximizing their detection enhances the utility of precision medicine for various solid and hematologic cancers. Practice guidelines stress the importance of RNA sequencing. Novel assay techniques employing a comprehensive genomic profiling approach, including RNA sequencing, yield information beyond conventional DNA next generation sequencing (NGS) alone. Methods: Tumor samples (N = 1517) were assayed combining whole transcriptome (RNA) sequencing, whole exome (DNA) sequencing, and comparison of tumor sequence vs. paired normal DNA. Results were analyzed to determine the frequency of rare and common RNA fusion and variant detection. Findings were mapped to a knowledge-base of targeted treatment options. Results: Analysis detected 79 (5.2%) actionable fusions and 15 (1%) transcript variants across major solid and heme-based malignancies. Notably, we observed actionable transcript variants that are not detectable at the DNA level including: EGFRvIII, EGFRvIVa and EGFRvIVb in GBM; ARv7 in prostate, and METe14 in TNBC. Many fusion cases (42%, n = 33) had no other actionable molecular abnormalities. Novel fusions included: SLC12A/ROS1 in low-grade spindle cell neoplasm with myogenic differentiation, KANK1/NTRK2 in ganglioneuroblastoma, ETV6/NTRK3 in metastatic mammary analogue secretory carcinoma, FGFR1/SCT in germ cell tumor, ZNF33B/RET fusion in GBM, SH3BP4/ERBB4 and EML4/ALK in RCC, VTCN1/NRG1 in pancreatic cancer, and AGRN/NRG1 in cholangiocarcinoma. More common actionable fusion events included: EML4/ALK in NSCLC, KIAA1549/BRAF in pilocytic astrocytoma, FGFR2 and FGFR3 in cholangiocarcinoma and urothelial cancers and ESR1 in endocrine therapy-resistant breast cancers. The fusion events detected in heme-based malignancies included MLLT10 and MLLT4 in AML, BCR/ABL in leukemias, TCF3/PBX1 in B cell ALL, NPM1/ALK in ALCL, and novel fusion CIITA/CD274 in DLBCL. All RNA fusions and transcript variants found were matched to FDA-approved or investigational treatment options. Conclusions: Maximizing the rate of variant detection for targeted therapy relies on precise identification of common and rare fusion events. Without the addition of RNA sequencing, 15 transcript variants in our cohort would have been missed and 33 of the fusions may have gone undetected by conventional DNA NGS testing, resulting in zero targeted treatment options for this vulnerable population. Further use of comprehensive genomic profiling is vital to optimizing cancer care.
Reduction of hemoglobin induced by linezolid therapy: a retrospective study
Authors: Xiaohong Mao, Erzhen Chen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The medical records of 197 patients on linezolid therapy were collected retrospectively. The prevalence and risk factors for linezolid-induced reduction of hemoglobin were identified. The incidence of linezolid-induced reduction of hemoglobin was 31.98%. The patients with reduction of hemoglobin had older age [(68±14) vs. (59±18) years, P=0.000] and lower creatinine clearance (CCr) [(72±42) vs. (98±52) ml/min, P=0.000]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥65 years, treatment duration ≥15 days, CCr <65 ml/min and pre-treatment hemoglobin value <95 g/L were significant risk factors for linezolid-induced reduction of hemoglobin.


Key words: 
Linezolid; Reduction of hemoglobin
Phase II basket trial of olaparib and durvalumab in patients (pts) with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutated solid tumors.
Authors: Eric Xueyu Chen, Grainne M. O'Kane, Warren P. Mason, Jennifer J. Knox, Albiruni Ryan Abdul Razak, Gelareh Zadeh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

TPS3167 Background: Somatic IDH mutations are common in low grade gliomas, and rare in other solid tumors with the exception of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICA) and certain subtypes of chondrosarcoma. IDH mutations confer a gain-of-function neomorphic activity, such that mutant IDH enzymes preferentially convert αKG to 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), resulting in abnormal accumulation of 2HG. 2HG competitively inhibits αKG-dependent dioxygenases, many of which are involved in DNA repair. Preclinical studies show that IDH mutated cancer cells have defective homologous recombination repair and are exquisitely sensitive to poly (adenosine 5’-diphophate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition. Methods: This is a single arm phase II basket study (NCT03991832). Pts with IDH mutated solid tumors are divided into three cohorts; A: low-grade glioma; B: cholangiocarinoma; C: all other solid tumors. Pts are treated with olaparib 300 mg twice daily continuously and durvalumab 1500 mg every 4 weeks until progression, intolerable toxicity or consent withdrawal. Radiological assessment is performed after every 2 cycles of study treatments. Major eligibility criteria include IDH mutation by immunohistochemistry or sequencing, up to 2 lines of systemic therapy for advanced disease, performance status 0 – 2 and adequate organ function. Pts are excluded if they received prior PARP inhibitors and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody. The Simon’s optimal 2-stage design is applied for Cohorts A and B. 10 pts will be enrolled in each of Cohort A and B initially. If 2 or more partial responses (PR) are seen in these 10 pts, additional 19 pts will be enrolled for a total of 29 pts in that cohort. The combination is considered to be of clinical interest for further development if ≥ 6 PRs are seen in each cohort. Cohort C will enroll 20 pts. Archival tumor tissues and serial blood samples will be collected on study. 2HG levels will be measured and correlated with responses. The study was activated in December 2019. 3 pts have been enrolled into Cohort B. Clinical trial information: NCT03991832 .
肉芽肿性乳腺炎18例临床分析
Authors: 魏文, 涂毅, 姚峰, 童鹤翔, 孙圣荣
Journal: BMJ (2007)

肉芽肿性乳腺炎是非细菌感染所致的局限于乳腺小叶的慢性乳腺炎性病变,发病率低且容易误诊为乳腺导管扩张症、乳腺结核、乳腺癌等疾病.本院自2003年到2006年间共收治肉芽肿性乳腺炎患者18例,现分析如下。
Recurrent Positive Reverse Transcriptase–Polymerase Chain Reaction Results for Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Patients Discharged From a Hospital in China
Authors: Rujun Hu, Zhixia Jiang, Huiming Gao, Di Huang, Deyu Jiang, Fang Chen, Jin Li
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

This case series examines patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who were discharged from the hospital and had recurrent positive reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results.
The incidence of treatment related acute kidney injury in cancer patients: A retrospective analysis.
Authors: Bohdan Baralo, Samia Hossain, Muhammad Hanif, Suhail Khokhar, Sana Mulla, Vinay E. Keshava, Archen Krupadev, Sindusha Gudipally, Simple Modi, Rajesh Thirumaran
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e14150 Background: Development of the Acute kidney injury (AKI) in the patients receiving chemotherapy and immunotherapy is a factor associated with higher admission to the hospital, prolonged hospitalization, increased morbidity and mortality, dose reduction, moving to less effective regimens, inability to enroll in clinical trials. Methods: A retrospective cohort of the 95 patients, who received chemo immunotherapy in the infusion center of Mercy Fitzgerald Hospital in 2018-2020 were analysed. The pool of the patients had multiple oncological pathologies and were on different chemo immunotherapeutic regimens. All creatinine levels before starting chemotherapy, before and after each cycle were assessed. We used a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria to define AKI (at least 1.5 increase in creatinine within 7 days of cycle or 0.3 creatinine increase in 48 hours) and grades of AKI. We considered AKI related to chemotherapy, if it developed in specified timeframe after chemotherapy defined above. The cases when patient did not meet criteria for AKI, but had a patterns suggestive of it (no repeat test within 7 days, but repeat test within 3 weeks, with increase in creatinine &gt; 37.5%) were defined as potentially missed AKI. Results: 12 patients developed chemoimmunotherapy related AKI (12.63%). 1 patient had 3 episodes of the AKI related to chemotherapy. 4 patients received platinum-based chemotherapy. On average every patient received 12cycles of chemotherapy. After the first two cycles of chemotherapy AKI developed in 7 Patients (58.33%). 10patients had AKI after 7 cycles (83.33%). It worth mentioning that only 42% of the chemotherapeutic cycles had follow-up creatinine within 7 days. 7 patients (7.37%) had fallen under a potentially missed AKI criteria. 2 more patients were diagnosed with AKI that was not related to the chemotherapy. Conclusions: In our study there was a significant incidence of AKI in the patients receiving chemoimmunotherapy. Current guidelines do not advocate close monitoring(weekly) of renal function in patients receiving chemoimmunotherapy unless the patient receives an chemotherapeutic agent known to cause nephrotoxicity. Repeat creatinine within 7 days after chemotherapy may be necessary to allow early detection of AKI, that can potentially to improved outcomes. Large prospective studies may be necessary to confirm our findings that very close monitoring of renal function can improve detection of the AKI and outcomes due to possibility of early intervention.
Genomic and transcriptomic correlates of clinical benefit from immunotherapy and targeted therapy among patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).
Authors: Nicholas Salgia, Nazli Dizman, Yung Lyou, Paulo Gustavo Bergerot, Joann Hsu, Sara Ann Byron, Jeffrey M. Trent, Sumanta K. Pal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

5076 Background: Previous studies have delineated PBRM1 alterations as a prognostic indicator for response to nivolumab in mRCC (Miao et al Science 2018). However, further clinically-relevant biomarkers remain elusive in mRCC. Herein, we utilized genomic profiling to detect correlates of clinical benefit (CB) among patients (pts) with mRCC receiving VEGF-directed targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or both. Methods: Pts with mRCC who underwent clinical tumor-normal whole exome and whole transcriptome RNA sequencing (Ashion Analytics, Phoenix, AZ) were retrospectively identified at a single institution. Pts’ demographics and clinical variables including treatment type, treatment response, and survival outcomes were collected from an institutional mRCC database. Pts who had received immunotherapy or VEGF-directed therapy (or both) were eligible for analysis. CB was defined as pts who experienced a complete response, partial response, or maintained stable disease for at least 6 months on therapy. Two-tailed Fisher’s exact test was used to assess characteristics of genomic alterations and clinical benefit. Results: Out of 155 mRCC pts with genomic profiling, 58 pts with evaluable response and sufficient follow-up information were included in the analysis. The median age of the cohort was 63 years and 74% were male. The majority (81%) had clear cell histology. 43 pts received targeted therapy and 32 received immunotherapy (17 pts received both). No singular gene was associated with clinical benefit in the targeted therapy cohort. PBRM1 loss of function mutations were more frequent in pts on immunotherapy who experienced CB (p &gt; 0.05). TERT promoter mutations were enriched in pts who experienced no CB on immunotherapy (p = 0.04). Differential gene expression analysis of the transcriptomes found 135 genes that were significantly upregulated in TERT-mutated samples, including SST, CYSLTR2, WNK2, and PTGES (adjusted p-value &lt; 0.05). ENRICHR analysis found that MYC and KAT2A were key transcription factor pathways significantly enriched in pts with TERT mutation who experienced no CB from immunotherapy. Conclusions: These data support previous observations regarding the prognostic nature of PBRM1 in mRCC and offer novel findings associating TERT mutations with a lack of CB from immunotherapy. Our transcriptomic analysis implies that MYC-targeting agents and epigenetic modifiers (directed at KAT2A) could overcome immunotherapy resistance.
Matrix metalloproteinases 9 and 14 polymorphisms and long-term complications in surgically treated breast cancer patients.
Authors: Nikola Besic, Katja Goricar, Petra Piber, Neza Vavpetic, Vita Dolzan, Branka Strazisar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e24074 Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-containing endopeptidases that are involved in tissue remodeling. They can regulate interactions of cells with extracellular matrix and can play a role in wound healing. High levels of metalloproteinases have been correlated with significantly delayed wound healing in wounds of a variety of etiologies. The aim of our present study was to evaluate the association of MMP9 and MMP14 genetic polymorphisms with long-term complications of surgical treatment in breast cancer patients. Methods: The study included 99 breast cancer patients treated with either 75 or 37.5 mg of tramadol for pain relief after axillary breast cancer surgery as part of a randomized clinical trial KCT 04/2015-DORETAonko/si at Institute of Oncology Ljubljana. All patients were genotyped for MMP9 polymorphisms rs2250889, rs17577, rs17576, and rs20544 as well as MMP14 rs1042703, rs1042704, and rs743257. The association of genetic factors with long-term complications was evaluated using logistic regression. Results: One year after surgery, 24 (24.2%) patients had lymphedema, 25 (25.3%) experienced neuropathic pain and 21 (21.1%) experienced chronic pain. Carriers of polymorphic MMP9 rs2250889 allele experienced significantly more lymphedema compared to carriers of two wild-type alleles (OR = 3.45, 95% CI = 1.10-10.84, P = 0.034), even after adjustment for tramadol dose (OR = 3.76, 95% CI = 1.16-12.18, P = 0.027). Carriers of polymorphic MMP14 rs1042704 allele experienced more neuropathic pain compared to carriers of two wild-type alleles (OR = 3.21, 95% CI = 1.26-8.20, P = 0.015), even after adjustment for tramadol dose (OR = 3.80, 95% CI = 1.42-10.17, P = 0.008). Conclusions: MMP genetic variability was associated with long-term complications after axillary surgery in breast cancer patients, suggesting that MMPs may have an important role as modulators of wound healing.