tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enhancing care for people with asthma: the role of communication, education, training and self-management
Authors: M.R. Partridge, S.R. Hill, None on behalf of the 1998 World Asthma Meeting Education and Delivery of Care Working Group
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Reduction in the morbidity associated with asthma requires attention to several aspects of the behaviour of health professionals and patients, and to the interactions between these two groups. In this review, what has been learnt about health professional/patient communication and patient education (skills, settings and materials), lay and health professional liaison (including telephone helplines), patient education in low-income countries, the integration of patient education into clinical practice, health professional training and the implementation of guidelines, and the role of national asthma campaigns is drawn together. What changes in public policy would enhance asthma care, and whether the promotion of asthma self-management skills is cost effective are also considered. It is concluded that, although further research is necessary in many areas, well-educated health professionals who recognize the person with asthma as an individual, and who give advice about self-management, can significantly reduce the suffering and costs associated with asthma.
The Optimal Timing of Interim 18F-FDG PET in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis By the Petra Consortium
Authors: Jakoba J Eertink, Coreline N Burggraaff, Martijn W Heymans, Sally F Barrington, George Mikhaeel, Ulrich Dührsen, Andreas Hüttmann, Luca Ceriani, Emanuele Zucca, Robert Carr, Tamás Györke, Stefano Fanti, Howard R Higley, Michael V Knopp, Heiko Schöder, Annika Loft, Martin Hutchings, Lale Kostakoglu, Pieternella Lugtenburg, Sanne E Wiegers, Simone Pieplenbosch, Ronald Boellaard, Otto S Hoekstra, Josée M Zijlstra, Henrica C.W. de Vet
Journal: Blood (2019)
Does This Patient Have Hip Osteoarthritis?
Authors: David Metcalfe, Daniel C. Perry, Henry A. Claireaux, David L. Simel, Cheryl K. Zogg, Matthew L. Costa
Journal: JAMA (2019)

<h3>Importance</h3> Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a common cause of pain and disability. <h3>Objective</h3> To identify the clinical findings that are most strongly associated with hip OA. <h3>Data Sources</h3> Systematic search of MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL from inception until November 2019. <h3>Study Selection</h3> Included studies (1) quantified the accuracy of clinical findings (history, physical examination, or simple tests) and (2) used plain radiographs as the reference standard for diagnosing hip OA. <h3>Data Extraction and Synthesis</h3> Studies were assigned levels of evidence using the Rational Clinical Examination scale and assessed for risk of bias using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. Data were extracted using individual hips as the unit of analysis and only pooled when findings were reported in 3 or more studies. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios (LRs). <h3>Results</h3> Six studies were included, with data from 1110 patients and 1324 hips, of which 509 (38%) showed radiographic evidence of OA. Among patients presenting to primary care physicians with hip or groin pain, the affected hip showed radiographic evidence of OA in 34% of cases. A family history of OA, personal history of knee OA, or pain on climbing stairs or walking up slopes all had LRs of 2.1 (sensitivity range, 33%-68%; specificity range, 68%-84%; broadest LR range: 95% CI, 1.1-3.8). To identify patients most likely to have OA, the most useful findings were squat causing posterior pain (sensitivity, 24%; specificity, 96%; LR, 6.1 [95% CI, 1.3-29]), groin pain on passive abduction or adduction (sensitivity, 33%; specificity, 94%; LR, 5.7 [95% CI, 1.6-20]), abductor weakness (sensitivity, 44%; specificity, 90%; LR, 4.5 [95% CI, 2.4-8.4]), and decreased passive hip adduction (sensitivity, 80%; specificity, 81%; LR, 4.2 [95% CI, 3.0-6.0]) or internal rotation (sensitivity, 66%; specificity, 79%; LR, 3.2 [95% CI, 1.7-6.0]) as measured by a goniometer or compared with the contralateral leg. The presence of normal passive hip adduction was most useful for suggesting the absence of OA (negative LR, 0.25 [95% CI, 0.11-0.54]). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Simple tests of hip motion and observing for pain during that motion were helpful in distinguishing patients most likely to have OA on plain radiography from those who will not. A combination of findings efficiently detects those most likely to have severe hip OA.
Use of intraductal cholangioscopy devices to retrieve migrated pancreatic stents
Authors: Sheila Rastegari, Cassandra Craig, Elizabeth John, Prashant Kedia, Paul Tarnasky
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

The incidence of proximal pancreatic stent migration is unknown, though early studies report up to 5 %, with recently reported success rates of < 80 % for stent retrieval using conventional techniques [1]. Stent retrieval remains challenging owing to characteristically small pancreatic duct diameters, strictures, tortuous distal pancreatic duct course, stent location proximal to the genu, and small-caliber stents.
Vaccine against peanut allergy based on engineered virus-like particles displaying single major peanut allergens
Authors: Federico Storni, Andris Zeltins, Ina Balke, Matthew D. Heath, Matthias F. Kramer, Murray A. Skinner, Lisha Zha, Elisa Roesti, Paul Engeroff, Lukas Muri, Diego von Werdt, Thomas Gruber, Mark Cragg, Malgorzata Mlynarczyk, Thomas M. Kündig, Monique Vogel, Martin F. Bachmann
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)

BackgroundPeanut allergy is a severe and increasingly frequent disease with high medical, psychosocial, and economic burden for affected patients and wider society. A causal, safe, and effective therapy is not yet available.ObjectiveWe sought to develop an immunogenic, protective, and nonreactogenic vaccine candidate against peanut allergy based on virus-like particles (VLPs) coupled to single peanut allergens.MethodsTo generate vaccine candidates, extracts of roasted peanut (Ara R) or the single allergens Ara h 1 or Ara h 2 were coupled to immunologically optimized Cucumber Mosaic Virus–derived VLPs (CuMVtt). BALB/c mice were sensitized intraperitoneally with peanut extract absorbed to alum. Immunotherapy consisted of a single subcutaneous injection of CuMVtt coupled to Ara R, Ara h 1, or Ara h 2.ResultsThe vaccines CuMVtt-Ara R, CuMVtt-Ara h 1, and CuMVtt-Ara h 2 protected peanut-sensitized mice against anaphylaxis after intravenous challenge with the whole peanut extract. Vaccines did not cause allergic reactions in sensitized mice. CuMVtt-Ara h 1 was able to induce specific IgG antibodies, diminished local reactions after skin prick tests, and reduced the infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract by eosinophils and mast cells after oral challenge with peanut. The ability of CuMVtt-Ara h 1 to protect against challenge with the whole extract was mediated by IgG, as shown via passive IgG transfer. FcγRIIb was required for protection, indicating that immune complexes with single allergens were able to block the allergic response against the whole extract, consisting of a complex allergen mixture.ConclusionsOur data suggest that vaccination using single peanut allergens displayed on CuMVtt may represent a novel therapy against peanut allergy with a favorable safety profile.
Transforming growth factor-beta gene polymorphisms and acute graft-versus-host disease.
Authors: Sivadasan Kanangat, Sanjib Basu, Ina Kurbecovic, Michele Prod, John Joseph Maciejewski, Sunita Nathan, Henry C. Fung, Elizabeth Shima Rich
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e18013 Background: Despite allele level HLA matching, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Differences in minor histocompatibility antigens impact GVHD and HCT outcome via activation of donor T cells that also mediate a graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. Non-HLA determinants, such as immunomodulatory cytokines can promote or protect against GVHD. Certain cytokine gene polymorphisms have been associated with acute GVHD in related and unrelated donor HCT. Methods: 17 patients (pts) who underwent related or unrelated donor HCT for hematologic malignancies and their donors were retrospectively analyzed for polymorphisms in gene sequences for interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) using SSP-PCR reagents from One Lambda Inc. (Canaga Park, CA, USA). Pts and donors were categorized into low, intermediate or high producers of respective cytokines based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified by sequence specific primers as per manufacturer’s instructions. Conditioning regimens included tacrolimus/sirolimus or alemtuzumab/cyclosporine. Results: A marginal association was found between development of acute GVHD and donor intermediate producers of TGF-β (p=0.056). None of the other cytokine gene polymorphisms tested showed significant relationships to either acute or chronic GVHD. Of seven pts tested who received alemtuzumab conditioning, only one pt developed GVHD; both pt and donor were high producers of all five cytokine genes tested. Conclusions: These results suggest that TGF-β gene polymorphisms may affect risk of developing acute GVHD following allogeneic HCT. Further study is warranted in larger cohorts with measurement of low, intermediate, and high cytokine producers, as well as evaluation of the interplay of cytokines and alemtuzumab in GVHD.
Abstract C54: GATA6 level is a prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer in African American patients
Authors: Haoyu Tang, Anup Sharma, Ilke Nalbantoglu, Nesrin Hasan, Andre Levchenko, Nita Ahuja
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is expected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States by 2030 (Weniger, Honselmann, Liss, 2018), while the limited knowledge about its pathophysiology leads to the current lack of accurate prognostic tool and satisfactory treatment. Transcription factor GATA6 is highlighted as an interesting target based on the TCGA dataset analysis of mutational burdens among 15 African American patients and 12 white patients with pancreatic cancer. A previous in vitro study revealed that GATA6 inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition through both direct transcriptional regulation and indirect regulation of other transcription factors (Martinelli et al., 2017). However, the correlation between GATA6 and pancreatic cancer prognosis has not been fully understood. In our study, we assessed the GATA6 protein expression levels using immunohistochemistry (IHC) of a tissue microarray from one white and four black patients. The phenotype of low GATA6 expression was only found in two of four black patients, while tumors with high GATA6 expression were found both in black and white patients. Noticeably, the patients with GATA6low phenotype demonstrated inferior survival compared to those with GATA6high phenotype, indicating GATA6 as a potential prognostic biomarker. A detailed study using more patient samples is ongoing. We also established two pancreatic cancer cell lines with specific GATA6 knockdown via the CRISPR/Cas9 method to continue investigating the role of GATA6 loss in the progress of the aggressive pancreatic cancer. Success in future work will potentially contribute to a useful prognostic tool as well as development of novel therapies for pancreatic cancer patients with GATA6low phenotype. Citation Format: Haoyu Tang, Anup Sharma, Ilke Nalbantoglu, Nesrin Hasan, Andre Levchenko, Nita Ahuja. GATA6 level is a prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer in African American patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2019 Sept 6-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(24 Suppl):Abstract nr C54.
Salvage Radiotherapy Versus Hormone Therapy for Prostate-specific Antigen Failure After Radical Prostatectomy: A Randomised, Multicentre, Open-label, Phase 3 Trial (JCOG0401)†
Authors: Akira Yokomizo, Masashi Wakabayashi, Takefumi Satoh, Katsuyoshi Hashine, Takahiro Inoue, Kiyohide Fujimoto, Shin Egawa, Tomonori Habuchi, Kiyotaka Kawashima, Osamu Ishizuka, Nobuo Shinohara, Mikio Sugimoto, Yasushi Yoshino, Keiji Nihei, Haruhiko Fukuda, Ken-ichi Tobisu, Yoshiyuki Kakehi, Seiji Naito
Journal: European Urology (2019)
SPECT/CT Demonstrating 131I Accumulation in Gallbladder Stone in a Thyroid Cancer Patient
Authors: Fuqiang Shao, Yu Long, Xiaomin Chen, Xiaoli Lan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Abstract The radioiodine in the gallbladder usually mimics focal hepatic activity on the planar 131 I whole-body scintigraphy. Here we describe an abnormal uptake in the hepatic region on postablative 131 I scintigraphy in a 37-year-old woman with papillary thyroid cancer. The SPECT/CT images revealed this “hepatic activity” corresponded to gallbladder stone.
Knockdown of HNF4A Gene Increases Fetal Hemoglobin Synthesis in Hudep-2
Authors: Ingrid Grazielle Sousa, Priscila Keiko Matsumoto Martin, Dulcinéia Martins de Albuquerque, Carolina Lanaro, Ryo Kurita, Yukio Nakamura, Fernando Ferreira Costa
Journal: Blood (2019)
Evolution of Cancer Care Delivery Research in the NCI Community Oncology Research Program
Authors: Ann M Geiger, Ann M O’Mara, Worta J McCaskill-Stevens, Brenda Adjei, Priyanga Tuovenin, Kathleen M Castro
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2019)

Abstract Research seeking to improve patient engagement with decision-making, use of evidence-based guidelines, and coordination of multi-specialty care has made important contributions to the decades-long effort to improve cancer care. The National Cancer Institute expanded support for these efforts by including cancer care delivery research in the 2014 formation of the National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP). Cancer care delivery research is a multi-disciplinary effort to generate evidence-based practice change that improves clinical outcomes and patient well-being. NCORP scientists and community-based clinicians and organizations rapidly embraced the addition of this type of research into the network, resulting in a robust portfolio of observational studies and intervention studies within the first 5 years of funding. This commentary describes the initial considerations in conducting this type of research in a network previously focused on cancer prevention, control, and treatment studies; characterizes the protocols developed to date; and outlines future directions for cancer care delivery research in the second round of NCORP funding.
Individual Patterns of Abnormality in Resting-State Functional Connectivity Reveal Two Data-Driven PTSD Subgroups
Authors: Adi Maron-Katz, Yu Zhang, Manjari Narayan, Wei Wu, Russell T. Toll, Sharon Naparstek, Carlo De Los Angeles, Parker Longwell, Emmanuel Shpigel, Jennifer Newman, Duna Abu-Amara, Charles Marmar, Amit Etkin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2019)

A major challenge in understanding and treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is its clinical heterogeneity, which is likely determined by various neurobiological perturbations. This heterogeneity likely also reduces the effectiveness of standard group comparison approaches. The authors tested whether a statistical approach aimed at identifying individual-level neuroimaging abnormalities that are more prevalent in case subjects than in control subjects could reveal new clinically meaningful insights into the heterogeneity of PTSD.Resting-state functional MRI data were recorded from 87 unmedicated PTSD case subjects and 105 war zone-exposed healthy control subjects. Abnormalities were modeled using tolerance intervals, which referenced the distribution of healthy control subjects as the "normative population." Out-of-norm functional connectivity values were examined for enrichment in cases and then used in a clustering analysis to identify biologically defined PTSD subgroups based on their abnormality profiles.The authors identified two subgroups among PTSD cases, each with a distinct pattern of functional connectivity abnormalities with respect to healthy control subjects. Subgroups differed clinically on levels of reexperiencing symptoms and improved case-control discriminability and were detectable using independently recorded resting-state EEG data.The results provide proof of concept for the utility of abnormality-based approaches for studying heterogeneity within clinical populations. Such approaches, applied not only to neuroimaging data, may allow detection of subpopulations with distinct biological signatures so that further clinical and mechanistic investigations can be focused on more biologically homogeneous subgroups.
Risk of knee osteoarthritis after different types of knee injuries in young adults: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Barbara Snoeker, Aleksandra Turkiewicz, Karin Magnusson, Richard Frobell, Dahai Yu, George Peat, Martin Englund
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2019)

Objectives To estimate the risk of clinically diagnosed knee osteoarthritis (OA) after different types of knee injuries in young adults. Methods In a longitudinal cohort study based on population-based healthcare data from Skåne, Sweden, we included all persons aged 25–34 years in 1998–2007 (n=149 288) with and without diagnoses of knee injuries according to International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10. We estimated the HR of future diagnosed knee OA in injured and uninjured persons using Cox regression, adjusted for potential confounders. We also explored the impact of type of injury (contusion, fracture, dislocation, meniscal tear, cartilage tear/other injury, collateral ligament tear, cruciate ligament tear and injury to multiple structures) on diagnosed knee OA risk. Results We identified 5247 persons (mean (SD) age 29.4 (2.9) years, 67% men) with a knee injury and 142 825 persons (mean (SD) age 30.2 (3.0) years, 45% men) without. We found an adjusted HR of 5.7 (95% CI 5.0 to 6.6) for diagnosed knee OA in injured compared with uninjured persons during the first 11 years of follow-up and 3.4 (95% CI 2.9 to 4.0) during the following 8 years. The corresponding risk difference (RD) after 19 years of follow-up was 8.1% (95% CI 6.7% to 9.4%). Cruciate ligament injury, meniscal tear and fracture of the tibia plateau/patella were associated with greatest increase in risk (RD of 19.6% (95% CI 13.2% to 25.9%), 10.5% (95% CI 6.4% to 14.7%) and 6.6% (95% CI 1.1% to 12.2%), respectively). Conclusion In young adults, knee injury increases the risk of future diagnosed knee OA about sixfold with highest risks found after cruciate ligament injury, meniscal tear and intra-articular fracture.
RadioGx: A New Preclinical Tool to Model Intrinsic Radiosensitivity
Authors: Daniel E. Spratt, Corey Speers
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Radiotherapy is perhaps the most ubiquitous single treatment modality for patients with cancer. Despite its routine use, biomarkers of treatment response are critically lacking, and the biology underlying the heterogeneity in clinical response to radiation treatment remain largely unknown. In this issue of Cancer Research, Manem and colleagues seek to change this paradigm and detail the development of a radiation response computational platform (RadioGx) that allows for the integrative analysis of radiation response using radiogenomic data derived from preclinical, in vitro sources (1). This platform holds promise for novel hypothesis generation and may allow for the discovery of novel mediators of radiation response that may improve the therapeutic efficacy of radiation. Importantly, it also moves us closer to uncovering and validating radiation response biomarkers that may prove clinically useful. See related article by Manem et al., p. 6227
Translating Evidence Into Guideline Recommendations
Authors: V. Volovici
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2019)

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Abstract 229: Engagement With Text Messaged CPR Reminder Videos After Hands-Only CPR Training in Undergraduate Students
Authors: Rachel Vanscoy, Lyndsay Boyd, Alexis Benisek, Emily Gibbons, Ashish R Panchal
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Ultra-brief CPR videos have been used to help facilitate community CPR through increased public lay-person viewing of CPR skills. Similar videos have also been used as video reminders following CPR training to increase skill retention. However, real-life engagement in watching reminder skills videos after CPR training is unknown. The objective of this study is to evaluate the engagement of undergraduate students in watching CPR training reminder videos sent via text message following community-based Hands-Only CPR training. Methods: Undergraduate students at the Ohio State University (age &gt; 18 years old) were recruited for Hands-Only CPR training. After training, students received text message refresher videos via personalized links for 6 months. Initial Hands-Only CPR training was conducted through a 1-hr standardized course followed by confirmation of skills acquisition by Laerdal Resusci Anne ® QCPR manikins during 2 minutes of Hands-Only CPR. CPR metrics evaluated included mean compression depth and rate (mean ± standard deviation). Following training, participants were sent one ultra-brief video per month for five months via text messaging. Our outcome of interest was engagement with viewing the reminder videos measured as the number of views per month per individual. Results: A total of 101 students (52 men and 49 females) were recruited during the 2017-18 academic school year. Initial Hands-Only CPR training was conducted with participants meeting guidelines for quality CPR with mean depth of 53 ± 9 mm and mean compression rate of 108 ± 10. During the 6 month post training period, 85% of participants watched the video at least once, 75% watched the video at least twice, and 50% watched three or more times. Only 14% did not watch any reminder videos. There was no difference in watching reminder video based on gender. Conclusion: Engagement of Hands-Only CPR trained undergraduate students in viewing a CPR reminder video at least twice in 6 months was high at 75%. Future research will be directed at determining whether reminder video viewings lead to retention of CPR skills.