tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Lung Cancer Screening Uptake, Outcomes, and Costs in the United States: Challenges With Existing Data and Recommendations for Improvement
Authors: Ashish Rai, V Paul Doria-Rose, Gerard A Silvestri, K Robin Yabroff
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2018)

The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) reported substantial reduction in lung cancer mortality among high-risk individuals screened annually with low-dose helical computed tomography (LDCT). As a result, the US Preventive Services Task Force issued a B recommendation for annual LDCT in high-risk individuals, which requires private insurers to cover it without cost-sharing. The Medicare program also covers LDCT for high-risk beneficiaries without cost-sharing. However, the NLST findings may not be generalizable to the community setting because of differences in patients, providers, and practices participating in the NLST. Thus, examining uptake of LDCT screening in community practice is critical, as is evaluating the immediate and downstream outcomes of screening, including false-positive scans, follow-up examinations and adverse events, costs, stage of disease at diagnosis, and survival. This commentary presents an overview of the landscape of the data resources currently available to evaluate the uptake, outcomes, and costs of LDCT screening in the United States. We describe the strengths and limitations of existing data sources, including administrative databases, surveys, and registries. Thereafter, we provide recommendations for improving the data infrastructure pertaining to three overarching research areas: receipt of guideline-consistent screening and follow-up, weighing benefits and harms of screening, and costs of screening.
Laboratory management of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus infections: perspectives from two European networks
Authors: Barbara Bartolini, Cesare EM Gruber, Marion Koopmans, Tatjana Avšič, Sylvia Bino, Iva Christova, Roland Grunow, Roger Hewson, Gulay Korukluoglu, Cinthia Menel Lemos, Ali Mirazimi, Anna Papa, Maria Paz Sanchez-Seco, Aisha V. Sauer, Hervè Zeller, Carla Nisii, Maria Rosaria Capobianchi, Giuseppe Ippolito, Chantal B. Reusken, Antonino Di Caro
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2019)

BackgroundCrimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is considered an emerging infectious disease threat in the European Union. Since 2000, the incidence and geographic range of confirmed CCHF cases have markedly increased, following changes in the distribution of its main vector, Hyalomma ticks.AimsTo review scientific literature and collect experts' opinion to analyse relevant aspects of the laboratory management of human CCHF cases and any exposed contacts, as well as identify areas for advancement of international collaborative preparedness and laboratory response plans.MethodsWe conducted a literature review on CCHF molecular diagnostics through an online search. Further, we obtained expert opinions on the key laboratory aspects of CCHF diagnosis. Consulted experts were members of two European projects, EMERGE (Efficient response to highly dangerous and emerging pathogens at EU level) and EVD-LabNet (Emerging Viral Diseases-Expert Laboratory Network).ResultsConsensus was reached on relevant and controversial aspects of CCHF disease with implications for laboratory management of human CCHF cases, including biosafety, diagnostic algorithm and advice to improve lab capabilities. Knowledge on the diffusion of CCHF can be obtained by promoting syndromic approach to infectious diseases diagnosis and by including CCHFV infection in the diagnostic algorithm of severe fevers of unknown origin.ConclusionNo effective vaccine and/or therapeutics are available at present so outbreak response relies on rapid identification and appropriate infection control measures. Frontline hospitals and reference laboratories have a crucial role in the response to a CCHF outbreak, which should integrate laboratory, clinical and public health responses.
Abstract P209: Heterogeneity of Absolute/Relative Measures of Cardiovascular Mortality Among Cohorts in an Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis: An EPOCH-JAPAN Study
Authors: Yoshitaka Murakami, Tomonori Okamura, Katsuyuki Miura, Hirotsugu Ueshima
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Individual participant data (IPD) meta-analyses involve participant-level data from multiple cohort studies. However, these cohorts have different periods (years) of follow-up, target regions, and distributions of risk factors (including patient age). It remains unclear if these variations affect the heterogeneity of absolute/relative measures of mortality in cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, and coronary heart disease (CHD) among cohorts. Hypothesis: There is diverse heterogeneity in absolute measures of mortality, but negligible heterogeneity in relative measures among cohorts in IPD meta-analyses. Methods: The Evidence for Cardiovascular Prevention from Observational Cohorts in Japan (EPOCH-JAPAN) study is an IPD meta-analysis of cardiovascular epidemiology. This project comprises 14 cohort studies with 105,945 Japanese subjects (total CVD deaths: 5,314). First, we examined the correlation between the follow-up periods of the baseline surveys and multivariate-adjusted mortality rates (CVD, stroke, and CHD) among the cohorts. Next, we estimated the cohort-specific mortality rates that adjusted for the stated follow-up periods, regions, age, and other risk factors using Poisson regression. Finally, we explored the heterogeneity of multivariate-adjusted mortality rates, mortality rate ratios, and rate ratios of 10-mmHg increases in systolic blood pressure using Higgins’s I 2 , which measures heterogeneity in meta-analyses. Results: High correlations were observed between the stated follow-up periods of the cohorts and their mortality rates (CVD [men, -0.70; women, -0.79], stroke [men, -0.65; women, -0.73], CHD [men, -0.24; women, -0.89]). In the multivariate-adjusted mortality rates, we observed clear heterogeneity in mortality rates among the cohorts (CVD [I 2 : men, 98.6%; women, 99.3%], stroke [I 2 : men, 98.5%; women, 98.3%], and CHD [I 2 : men, 98.2%; women 92.4%]). In the rate ratio comparison of 10-mmHg increases in systolic blood pressure, no heterogeneity was detected among the cohorts (CVD [I 2 : men, 0.0%; women, 17.9%]). Our results indicated that the ratio measure, which shows the magnitude of each risk factor, was stable even in the heterogeneity of absolute measures. Conclusions: A clear heterogeneity in mortality was observed in absolute measures, but not in relative measures, among cohorts after adjusting for the periods of follow-up, regions, and other risk factors.
Molecular epidemiology of an enterovirus A71 outbreak associated with severe neurological disease, Spain, 2016
Authors: Rubén González-Sanz, Didac Casas-Alba, Cristian Launes, Carmen Muñoz-Almagro, María Montserrat Ruiz-García, Mercedes Alonso, María José González-Abad, Gregoria Megías, Nuria Rabella, Margarita del Cuerpo, Mónica Gozalo-Margüello, Alejandro González-Praetorius, Ana Martínez-Sapiña, María José Goyanes-Galán, María Pilar Romero, Cristina Calvo, Andrés Antón, Manuel Imaz, Maitane Aranzamendi, Águeda Hernández-Rodríguez, Antonio Moreno-Docón, Sonia Rey-Cao, Ana Navascués, Almudena Otero, María Cabrerizo
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2019)

IntroductionEnterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is an emerging pathogen that causes a wide range of disorders including severe neurological manifestations. In the past 20 years, this virus has been associated with large outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease with neurological complications in the Asia-Pacific region, while in Europe mainly sporadic cases have been reported. In spring 2016, however, an EV-A71 outbreak associated with severe neurological cases was reported in Catalonia and spread further to other Spanish regions.AimOur objective was to investigate the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of the outbreak.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective study which included 233 EV-A71-positive samples collected during 2016 from hospitalised patients. We analysed the clinical manifestations associated with EV-A71 infections and performed phylogenetic analyses of the 3'-VP1 and 3Dpol regions from all Spanish strains and a set of EV-A71 from other countries.ResultsMost EV-A71 infections were reported in children (mean age: 2.6 years) and the highest incidence was between May and July 2016 (83%). Most isolates (218/233) were classified as subgenogroup C1 and 217 of them were grouped in one cluster phylogenetically related to a new recombinant variant strain associated with severe neurological diseases in Germany and France in 2015 and 2016. Moreover, we found a clear association of EV-A71-C1 infection with severe neurological disorders, brainstem encephalitis being the most commonly reported.ConclusionAn emerging recombinant variant of EV-A71-C1 was responsible for the large outbreak in 2016 in Spain that was associated with many severe neurological cases.
Hsp70 interactions with membrane lipids regulate cellular functions in health and disease
Authors: Zsolt Balogi, Gabriele Multhoff, Thomas Kirkegaard Jensen, Emyr Lloyd-Evans, Tetsumori Yamashima, Marja Jäättelä, John L. Harwood, László Vígh
Journal: Progress in Lipid Research (2019)

Beyond guarding the cellular proteome the major stress inducible heat shock protein Hsp70 has been shown to interact with lipids. Non-cytosolic Hsp70 stabilizes membranes during stress challenges and, in pathophysiological states, facilitates endocytosis, counteracts apoptotic mechanisms, sustains survival pathways or represents a signal that can be recognized by the immune system. Disease-coupled lipid-associated functions of Hsp70 may be targeted via distinct subcellular localizations of Hsp70 itself or its specific interacting lipids. With a special focus on interacting lipids, here we discuss localization-dependent roles of the membrane-bound Hsp70 in the context of its therapeutic potential, particularly in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
TCT- 266 PEPCAD-DES: A randomized, multicenter, single blinded trial comparing paclitaxel coated balloon angioplasty with plain balloon angioplasty in drug-eluting-stent restenosis – 3 year results
Authors: Harald Rittger, Matthias Waliszewski, Christian Schlundt, Stephan Achenbach, Johannes Brachmann, Jochen Wöhrle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Motivations among sexual‐minority men for starting and stopping indoor tanning
Authors: N. Admassu, M.A. Pimentel, M.C. Halley, J. Torres, N. Pascua, K.A. Katz, E. Linos
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

Linked Editorial:Nelson et al. Br J Dermatol 2019; 180:1271–1273.
Congo’s Ebola epidemic is now its worst ever and still spreading
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Political unrest over the Democratic Republic of Congo’s recent election as well as continued guerrilla activity in the country’s north east have hampered the response to an Ebola epidemic that has now killed 446 people out of 733 infected.

The World Health Organisation said that protesters targeted dozens of clinics around disease hotspots like Beni and Butembo, where they are often seen as outposts of the central government.

Election unrest also sent thousands of Congolese fleeing into neighbouring Uganda, as WHO warned that the virus might spread not only there, but …
Abstract 13898: Atrial Fibrillation And Persistence With Anticoagulant Treatment
Authors: Tomas Forslund, Björn Wettermark, Paul Hjemdahl
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Treatment with oral anticoagugulants (OACs) effectively reduces the risk for ischemic stroke, but undertreatment with warfarin has since long been a problem. Three non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) now provide alternatives to warfarin. The main aim of this study was to assess the overall persistence with OACs and to compare the persistence with different types of OACs in patients with atrial fibrillation and a risk score indicating anticoagulant treatment. Methods: All individuals with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and CHADSVASc scores of 2-9 who had a first claim of either warfarin (n=9916 ), dabigatran (n= 2678), rivaroxaban (n= 2062), or apixaban (n= 1340) from April 2011 until December 2014 were identified in the administrative health data register (VAL) of the Stockholm region (2.1 million inhabitants). VAL contains anonymized data regarding diagnoses, age, sex, prescription claims, hospitalizations and other healthcare consultations (including primary care), migration and death. Multivariate analysis was performed adjusting for age, sex, prior anticoagulant treatment, prescriber category, and the total numbers of drugs claimed by the patients. Results: The overall persistence with any OAC was 88% (CI 0.87-0.89 ) at one year and 83 % (CI 0.82-0.84) at two years. After one year the crude persistence was 85% with warfarin (CI 0.84-0.86), 86% with apixaban (CI 0.82-0.90), 74% with dabigatran (CI 0.72-0.76), and 77% with rivaroxaban (CI 0.75-0.80). Multivariate analysis confirmed statistically significant differences, with warfarin and apixaban having higher persistence than dabigatran or rivaroxaban . Conclusions: The long-term overall persistence to anticoagulant treatment was high in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation in the Stockholm region. The results indicate better persistence with warfarin and apixaban than with dabigatran or rivaroxaban in actual care.
Long-term outcomes of stenting and endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis: a preplanned pooled analysis of individual patient data
Authors: Thomas G Brott, David Calvet, George Howard, John Gregson, Ale Algra, Jean-Pierre Becquemin, Gert J de Borst, Richard Bulbulia, Hans-Henning Eckstein, Gustav Fraedrich, Jacoba P Greving, Alison Halliday, Jeroen Hendrikse, Olav Jansen, Jenifer H Voeks, Peter A Ringleb, Jean-Louis Mas, Martin M Brown, Leo H Bonati
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2019)
Abstract B34: Safety and activity of the IL-15/sIL-15Rα complex ALT-803 in combination with the anti-PD1 mAb nivolumab in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: John Wrangle, Vamshidar Velchetti, Manish Patel, Samantha Suriano, Marzena Swiderska-syn, Kate Anderton, James Ravenel, Elisabeth Hill, Amy Rock, Hing Wong, Mark Rubinstein
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract This abstract is being presented as a short talk in the scientific program. A full abstract is printed in the Proffered Abstracts section (PR05) of the Conference Proceedings. Citation Format: John Wrangle, Vamshidar Velchetti, Manish Patel, Samantha Suriano, Marzena Swiderska-syn, Kate Anderton, James Ravenel, Elisabeth Hill, Amy Rock, Hing Wong, Mark Rubinstein. Safety and activity of the IL-15/sIL-15Rα complex ALT-803 in combination with the anti-PD1 mAb nivolumab in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR-IASLC International Joint Conference: Lung Cancer Translational Science from the Bench to the Clinic; Jan 8-11, 2018; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(17_Suppl):Abstract nr B34.
Regulation of Cytokines/Chemokines Release and Anti-Tumor Effect of Expanded Natural Killer (NK) Cells By a Novel Fusion of N-820 (2B8T2M), an IL-15 Superagonist with 4 Single-Chain Anti-CD20 Antibody Domains, Against Rituximab Resistant Burkitt Lymphoma (BL)
Authors: Yaya Chu, Nang Kham Su, Emily K Jeng, Sarah Alter, Peter R Rhode, John H Lee, Gaurav Nayyar, Matthew J. Barth, Dean Anthony Lee, Hing C Wong, Mitchell Cairo
Journal: Blood (2018)
Ophthalmic Immune-Related Adverse Events of Immunotherapy: A Single-Site Case Series
Authors: Jenna May Kim, Miguel A. Materin, Mario Sznol, Harriet M. Kluger, Sarah Weiss, Jessica Chow, Kathleen Stoessel, Ninani Kombo, Lucian Del Priore, Renelle Pointdujour-Lim
Journal: Ophthalmology (2019)
Abstract 19071: Atherosclerosis is Reduced in Gremlin Haploinsufficient Apoe Knockout Mice: Immune-mediated Mechanisms
Authors: Ana Paula Rosario, Grazielle S Dias, Renata S de Barros, Alexandre H Campos
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: In a previous study, we demonstrated that BMPs 2/4, as well as their antagonist Gremlin, were supra-regulated in aortas from animals prone to ATS fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). BMP s...
Development of Cirmtuzumab Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) Targeting Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptor 1 (ROR1)
Authors: Yousaf A. Mian, George F. Widhopf II, Thanh-Trang Vo, Katti Jessen, Laura Z. Rassenti, Thomas J. Kipps
Journal: Blood (2018)
New graft manipulation strategies improve the outcome of mismatched stem cell transplantation in children with primary immunodeficiencies
Authors: Reem Elfeky, Ravi M. Shah, Mohamed N.M. Unni, Giorgio Ottaviano, Kanchan Rao, Robert Chiesa, Persis Amrolia, Austen Worth, Terry Flood, Mario Abinun, Sophie Hambleton, Andrew J. Cant, Kimberly Gilmour, Stuart Adams, Gul Ahsan, Dawn Barge, Andrew R. Gennery, Waseem Qasim, Mary Slatter, Paul Veys
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)
Impact of Carmustine (BCNU) Substitution for Bendamustine in the Conditioning Regimen Prior to Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Lymphoma
Authors: Josie-Anne Boisjoly, Philippe Bouchard, Sandra Cohen, Imran Ahmad, Nadia M. Bambace, Léa Bernard, Jean-Sébastien Delisle, Thomas L Kiss, Denis-Claude Roy, Guy Sauvageau, Jean Roy, Silvy Lachance
Journal: Blood (2017)
Abstract 13726: Association Between Low Diastolic Blood Pressure and Subclinical Myocardial Injury
Authors: George S Waits, Wesley T O’Neal, Pratik B Sandesara, Yabing Li, Amit J Shah, Elsayed Z Soliman
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Coronary arteries perfuse cardiac myocytes during diastole. We hypothesized that marked lowering of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is associated with increased risk of subclinical myo...
Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin in NPM1-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Results from the Prospective Randomized AMLSG 09-09 Phase-III Study
Authors: Richard F. Schlenk, Peter Paschka, Julia Krzykalla, Daniela Weber, Silke Kapp-Schwoerer, Verena I. Gaidzik, Claudia Leis, Walter Fiedler, Thomas Kindler, Thomas Schroeder, Karin Mayer, Michael Lübbert, Mohammed Amen Wattad, Katharina S. Götze, Heinz A. Horst, Elisabeth Koller, Gerald Wulf, Jan Schleicher, Martin Bentz, Richard Greil, Bernd Hertenstein, Jürgen Krauter, Uwe Martens, David Nachbaur, Maisun Abu Samra, Michael Girschikofsky, Axel Benner, Felicitas Thol, Michael Heuser, Arnold Ganser, Konstanze Döhner, Hartmut Döhner
Journal: Blood (2018)
The Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) Network ERS Clinical Research Collaboration: how international collaboration can shape clinical practice
Authors: Graham L. Hall, Sanja Stanojevic
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2019)

<b>The</b><b>Global Lung Function Initiative is working to improve the interpretation of lung function: an update on current work and the opportunities for further engagement</b>http://ow.ly/kCXu30mYyAK
Efficacy of Induction Thearapy with Lenalidomide, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone (RVD) in 1000 Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (MM) Patients
Authors: Nisha Joseph, Vikas A. Gupta, Craig C Hofmeister, Charise Gleason, Leonard Heffner, Lawrence H. Boise, Jonathan L Kaufman, Madhav V Dhodapkar, Sagar Lonial, Ajay K Nooka
Journal: Blood (2018)
RVU Medicine, Technology, and Physician Loneliness
Authors: Richard P Wenzel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

Dr. Ameya Kulkarni on drivers of physician loneliness and opportunities for meaningful interaction. (08:42)Download Health care’s institutional goals of abbreviating hospital stays and accelerating clinic visits are feeding professional loneliness, and meaningful advances in technology have levied a significant toll in the form of separation from patients and colleagues.
Opportunities and challenges for a maturing science of consciousness
Authors: Matthias Michel, Diane Beck, Ned Block, Hal Blumenfeld, Richard Brown, David Carmel, Marisa Carrasco, Mazviita Chirimuuta, Marvin Chun, Axel Cleeremans, Stanislas Dehaene, Stephen M. Fleming, Chris Frith, Patrick Haggard, Biyu J. He, Cecilia Heyes, Melvyn A. Goodale, Liz Irvine, Mitsuo Kawato, Robert Kentridge, Jean-Remi King, Robert T. Knight, Sid Kouider, Victor Lamme, Dominique Lamy, Hakwan Lau, Steven Laureys, Joseph LeDoux, Ying-Tung Lin, Kayuet Liu, Stephen L. Macknik, Susana Martinez-Conde, George A. Mashour, Lucia Melloni, Lisa Miracchi, Myrto Mylopoulos, Lionel Naccache, Adrian M. Owen, Richard E. Passingham, Luiz Pessoa, Megan A. K. Peters, Dobromir Rahnev, Tony Ro, David Rosenthal, Yuka Sasaki, Claire Sergent, Guillermo Solovey, Nicholas D. Schiff, Anil Seth, Catherine Tallon-Baudry, Marco Tamietto, Frank Tong, Simon van Gaal, Alexandra Vlassova, Takeo Watanabe, Josh Weisberg, Karen Yan, Masatoshi Yoshida
Journal: Nature Human Behaviour (2019)
Accuracy and Safety of Nasal Allergen Challenge in Asthmatic and Non-Asthmatic Patients
Authors: Carmen Rondon, Ibon Eguiluz-Gracia, Jesus Verge, Francisca Gomez, Teresa Espino, Esther Barrionuevo, Gador Bogas, Natalia Cardenas, Raquel Jurado-Escobar, Paloma Campo, Maria Jose Torres Jaén
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)
Circulating follicular helper T cells are increased in systemic sclerosis and promote plasmablast differentiation through the IL-21 pathway which can be inhibited by ruxolitinib
Authors: Laure Ricard, Vincent Jachiet, Florent Malard, Yishan Ye, Nicolas Stocker, Sébastien Rivière, Patricia Senet, Jean-Benoit Monfort, Olivier Fain, Mohamad Mohty, Béatrice Gaugler, Arsène Mekinian
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

Objectives Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterised by widespread fibrosis, microangiopathy and autoantibodies. Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells CD4 + CXCR5 + PD-1 + cooperate with B lymphocytes to induce the differentiation of plasmocytes secreting immunoglobulins (Ig). Circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells are increased in several autoimmune diseases. However, there are no data about cTfh cells and their interaction with B cells in SSc. The aim of this study was to perform a quantitative and functional analysis of cTfh cells in SSc. Methods Using flow cytometry, we analysed cTfh cells from 50 patients with SSc and 32 healthy controls (HC). In vitro coculture experiments of sorted cTfh and B cells were performed for functional analysis. IgG and IgM production were measured by ELISA. Results We observed that cTfh cell numbers are increased in patients with SSc compared with HC. Furthermore, the increase in cTfh cells was more potent in patients with severe forms of SSc such as diffuse SSc and in the presence of arterial pulmonary hypertension. cTfh cells from patients with SSc present an activated Tfh phenotype, with high expression of BCL-6, increased capacity to produce IL-21 in comparison with healthy controls. In vitro, cTfh cells from patients with SSc had higher capacity to stimulate the differentiation of CD19 + CD27 + CD38 hi B cells and their secretion of IgG and IgM through the IL-21 pathway than Tfh cells from healthy controls. Blocking IL-21R or using the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib reduced the Tfh cells’ capacity to stimulate the plasmablasts and decreased the Ig production. Conclusions Circulating Tfh cells are increased in SSc and correlate with SSc severity. The IL-21 pathway or JAK1/2 blockade by ruxolitinib could be a promising strategy in the treatment of SSc.
Clinical and Endoscopic Features of the Fibrostenotic Phenotype in Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Evelyn L. Angulo, Mats W. Johansson, Elizabeth McKernan, Paul Fichtinger, Michael D. Evans, Shelly M. Cook, Luis D. Lomeli, Eric A. Gaumnitz, Sameer K. Mathur
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)