tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Donald Lindberg: visionary leader in medical informatics and director of the US National Library of Medicine
Authors: Penny Warren
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Photo credit: US National Library of Medicine

In a 2014 lecture, Donald Lindberg gave an example of the value of medical informatics. He described how Nobel prize winner Allan Cormack in 1963 had to calculate a mathematical formula in computed tomography scanning from first principles, even though it had been worked out in 1917. Lindberg said, “Today we have somewhere to look. This guy didn’t.”

Lindberg was the director of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM) for more than three decades and devoted his life to making programs that changed the way biomedical information could be accessed, shared, and analysed by scientists, health professionals, and the general public. He was the founding director of both the White House High Performance Computing and Communications Program and the American Medical Informatics Association, and was regarded as the pre-eminent leader in medical informatics.

Lindberg was born in Brooklyn, New York, to parents of Swedish descent. He attended the Poly Prep Country Day School and Amherst College in Massachusetts, …
Biomarker-based prognosis for people with mild cognitive impairment (ABIDE): a modelling study
Authors: Ingrid S van Maurik, Stephanie J Vos, Isabelle Bos, Femke H Bouwman, Charlotte E Teunissen, Philip Scheltens, Frederik Barkhof, Lutz Frolich, Johannes Kornhuber, Jens Wiltfang, Wolfgang Maier, Oliver Peters, Eckart Rüther, Flavio Nobili, Giovanni B Frisoni, Luiza Spiru, Yvonne Freund-Levi, Asa K Wallin, Harald Hampel, Hilkka Soininen, Magda Tsolaki, Frans Verhey, Iwona Kłoszewska, Patrizia Mecocci, Bruno Vellas, Simon Lovestone, Samantha Galluzzi, Sanna-Kaisa Herukka, Isabel Santana, Ines Baldeiras, Alexandre de Mendonça, Dina Silva, Gael Chetelat, Stephanie Egret, Sebastian Palmqvist, Oskar Hansson, Pieter Jelle Visser, Johannes Berkhof, Wiesje M van der Flier
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2019)
Effect of race on survival of metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with VEGFR-TKI therapy.
Authors: Adam Rea Kuykendal, Anna C Snavely, Matthew Edward Nielsen, William Y. Kim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e15507 Background: African Americans (AAs) with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have a higher incidence of disease, younger age of onset, and at least in the cytokine era AA have had a shorter progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) relative to Caucasians (Cs). Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (VEGFR-TKIs) were approved for advanced RCC based on trials with minimal AA participation. This study was undertaken to examine if VEGFR-TKIs are similarly effective in AA patients. Methods: This was a single institution retrospective cohort study. We examined the medical records from 2004 to 2012 of all C and AA patients with metastatic RCC started on first line VEGFR-TKI therapy with at least one follow up visit. This resulted in 34 C patients and 12 AA patients. We abstracted self- reported race, treatment type, MSKCC prognosis, date of progression as defined by the treating physician, and other demographic and clinical variables. The Social Security Death Index was used to establish date of death. OS and PFS were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models. Gene expression data from TCGA was analyzed for biological differences between RCC occurring in AAs and Cs. Results: 54.6% of AAs were classified into the MSKCC poor prognosis group compared with 10.7% of Cs. AAs compared to Cs had a non-significant trend toward worse OS (HR 1.49, p = 0.36) and PFS (HR 1.59, p = 0.27). After adjustment for risk group we found no significant difference between AAs and Cs for OS (HR 1.00, p = 0.99) and PFS (HR 1.26, p = 0.66). Comparison of the RCC gene expression profiles demonstrated significant differences in gene expression with AA tumors showing enrichment for genes involved in ion transport and cell-cell junctions. Conclusions: This is a preliminary study that suggests first line VEGFR-TKI therapy is an effective choice for AA patients as metastatic RCC in AAs responds similarly as Cs to VEGFR-TKI treatment. In addition, there are distinct gene expression differences that distinguish AA and C tumors.
Methods and Economic Considerations: Group 1 Report
Authors: R J Steele, R Gnauck, R Hrcka, O Kronborg, C Kuntz, P Moayyedi, C O'Morain, J Spicák, H Vainio
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Various modalities have been proposed for population screening in colorectal cancer, including fecal occult blood (FOB) testing, digital rectal examination, barium enema, rigid and flexible sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy. Of these, the only tests that have been studied sufficiently to warrant consideration are the guaiac-based FOB test, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy. In this report we consider the evidence relating to these three approaches and present an economic analysis of them, and, lastly, draw some general conclusions.
Off-target toxicity is a common mechanism of action of cancer drugs undergoing clinical trials
Authors: Ann Lin, Christopher J. Giuliano, Ann Palladino, Kristen M. John, Connor Abramowicz, Monet Lou Yuan, Erin L. Sausville, Devon A. Lukow, Luwei Liu, Alexander R. Chait, Zachary C. Galluzzo, Clara Tucker, Jason M. Sheltzer
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2019)

CRISPR reveals that many cancer drug targets are dispensable for cell proliferation and identifies CDK11 as the target of one mischaracterized agent.
Graduate Medical Education, 2018-2019
Authors: Sarah E. Brotherton, Sylvia I. Etzel
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract #1307: Microsatellite instability correlates with co-occurring mutations in the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase pathway in endometrial adenocaricinomas
Authors: Keiko Shoji, Katsutoshi Oda, Satsuki Hosokawa, Shunsuke Nakagawa, Yuriko Uehara, Kei Kawana, Tomoyuki Fujii, Tetsu Yano, Frank McCormick, Hiroyuki Aburatani, Yuji Taketani
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Objectives: Both microsatellite instability (MSI) and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3\#8217;-kinase (PI3K) pathway occur frequently in endometrial cancer. We have reported that mutations of PIK3CA, the catalytic subunit p110 alpha of the PI3K, frequently coexist with PTEN and/or K-Ras mutations in endometrial cancer, and that the co-occurring mutations in the PI3K pathway induced efficient transformation with higher phospho-Akt level. As PTEN mutations were reported to correlate with MSI in endometrial cancer, we analyzed whether multiple genes\#8217; mutations in the PI3K pathway also correlate with MSI status in endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods: Under the approval of institutional ethical committees, we screened 21 primary endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinomas for MSI status with five microsatellite markers (BAT25, BAT26, D2S123, D5S346, D17S250), and mutations for PIK3CA (exon 9 and 20), PTEN (exons 1-8) and K-Ras (exon1 and 2). Ten (48%) tumors show 3 or more positive MSI markers (MSI-high), whereas the other 11 (52%) tumors do not possess any positive MSI markers (microsatellite stable; MSS). Results: PTEN mutations were more common in MSI-high (10/10 = 100%), compared with MSS (6/11 = 55%), (p=0.035 by Fisher\#8217;s exact test). PTEN mutations in exons 5-7 (indispensable region in the phosphatase activity) were also more frequent in MSI-high (8/10 = 80%) than in MSS (3/11 = 27%) (p=0.030). PIK3CA mutations were detected in 4 of 10 (40%) MSI-high and in 1of 11 (9%) MSS, and K-Ras mutations were detected only in MSI-high (2/10 = 20%). Co-occurring mutations in PTEN, PIK3CA andK-Ras were more common in MSI-high (5/10 = 50%), compared with MSS (1/11 = 9%) (p=0.063). Conclusion: Our results suggest that MSI associates with co-occurring mutations in the PI3K pathway. MSI-high status, which defects in the normal DNA repair process, may preferentially induce mutations in the PI3K pathway in endometrial tumorigenesis. $$table_{BCF5AA32-7CF4-485D-8C0F-81A9E573B5AE}$$  Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 1307.
Effects of Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy on Body Weight and Nutritional Assessments After Pancreatoduodenectomy in a Randomized Trial
Authors: Hongbeom Kim, Yoo-Seok Yoon, Youngmin Han, Wooil Kwon, Sun-Whe Kim, Ho-Seong Han, Dong-Sup Yoon, Joon Seong Park, Sang-Jae Park, Sung-Sik Han, Seung Eun Lee, Seong Ho Choi, In Woong Han, Eunjung Kim, Jin-Young Jang
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2019)
Biomineralization-inspired Crystallization of Manganese Oxide on Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles for <i>in vivo</i> MR/fluorescence Imaging-assisted Tri-modal Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Ruihao Yang, Mengmeng Hou, Ya Gao, Shiyu Lu, Lei Zhang, Zhigang Xu, Chang Ming Li, Yuejun Kang, Peng Xue
Journal: Theranostics (2019)

Regenerated silk fibroin (SF) is a type of natural biomacromolecules with outstanding biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, stimulus-responsive SF-based nanocomplex has seldom been reported for application in tumor diagnosis and therapy. Methods: As a proof-of-concept study, a multifunctional SF@MnO2 nanoparticle-based platform was strategically synthesized using SF as a reductant and a template via a biomineralization-inspired crystallization process in an extremely facile way. Because of their mesoporous structure and abundant amino and carboxyl terminal residues, SF@MnO2 nanoparticles were co-loaded with a photodynamic agent indocyanine green (ICG) and a chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) to form a SF@MnO2/ICG/DOX (SMID) nanocomplex. Results: The obtained product was highly reactive with endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in tumor microenvironment, which was decomposed into O2 to enhance tumor-specific photodynamic therapy (PDT). Moreover, SMID nanocomplex produced a strong and stable photothermal effect upon near-infrared (NIR) irradiation for photothermal therapy (PTT) owing to the distinct photothermal response of SF@MnO2 and stably conjugated ICG. The concurrent NIR fluorescence and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in vivo both indicated effective tumor-specific enrichment of SMID nanoparticles via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Animal studies further verified that SMID nanoparticles remarkably improved tumor inhibitive efficacy through combination PTT/PDT/chemotherapy with minimal systemic toxicity or adverse effect. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the promising potential of SF-based nanomaterial to address some of the key challenges in cancer therapy due to unfavorable tumor microenvironment for drug delivery.
A Randomized Trial of Prenatal n−3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and Preterm Delivery
Authors: Maria Makrides, Karen Best, Lisa Yelland, Andrew McPhee, Shao Zhou, Julie Quinlivan, Jodie Dodd, Elinor Atkinson, Huda Safa, Jacqueline van Dam, Nisha Khot, Gustaaf Dekker, Monika Skubisz, Amanda Anderson, Beth Kean, Anneka Bowman, Carly McCallum, Kara Cashman, Robert Gibson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

Previous studies have suggested that maternal supplementation with n−3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids may reduce the incidence of preterm delivery but may also prolong gestation beyond term; however, more data are needed regarding the role of n−3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnancy.
68Ga-DOTATATE
Authors: Dominique Delbeke, Grace Newman, Steve Deppen, Chirayu Shah, Josephine Ndolo, Chanjuan Shi, Christina E. Bailey, Aaron C. Jessop, Martin P. Sandler
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Purpose To measure the SUVs in the tail of the pancreas compared with normal liver parenchyma and somatostatin receptor–positive lesions. Materials and Methods 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/low mAs CT of 35 patients were reviewed. Results There was no significant difference ( P = 0.59) between the SUV average of normal liver and the SUV peak of normal tail. Five patients had uptake in the tail slightly above that of normal liver that were interpreted equivocally. In one of these patients with 68 Ga-DOTATATE uptake in a peripancreatic lymph node, proven neuroendocrine tumor underwent a distal pancreatectomy and pathologic examination revealed islet cell hyperplasia. Conclusions 68 Ga-DOTATATE uptake in the tail of the pancreas above that of normal liver indicates a somatostatin receptor–avid lesion. Uptake in the tail of the pancreas equal to the liver can be normal. Patients with uptake equivalent to the liver should undergo further anatomical imaging before procedural intervention.
Point-of-Care Hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub>
Authors: Matthew J. O’Brien, David B. Sacks
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The space between rationalism and sentimentalism: A perspective from moral development
Authors: Joshua Rottman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2019)

May interprets the prevalence of non-emotional moral intuitions as indicating support for rationalism. However, research in developmental psychology indicates that the mechanisms underlying these intuitions are not always rational in nature. Specifically, automatic intuitions can emerge passively, through processes such as evolutionary preparedness and enculturation. Although these intuitions are not always emotional, they are not clearly indicative of reason.
Afatinib versus methotrexate as second-line treatment in Asian patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck progressing on or after platinum-based therapy (LUX-Head &amp; Neck 3): an open-label, randomised phase III trial
Authors: Y. Guo, M.-J. Ahn, A. Chan, C.-H. Wang, J.-H. Kang, S.-B. Kim, M. Bello, R.S. Arora, Q. Zhang, X. He, P. Li, A. Dechaphunkul, V. Kumar, K. Kamble, W. Li, A. Kandil, E.E.W. Cohen, Y. Geng, E. Zografos, P.Z. Tang
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

Treatment options are limited for patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) following progression after first-line platinum-based therapy, particularly in Asian countries.
Phase I trial of daily lenalidomide and docetaxel given every three weeks in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: S. L. Sanborn, M. Cooney, J. Gibbons, J. Brell, P. Savvides, S. Krishnamurthi, J. Bokar, N. Horvath, A. Ness, S. Remick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

3570 Background: Lenalidomide is a potent anti-angiogenic and immune modulating agent. This phase I trial of docetaxel and lenalidomide was undertaken to evaluate the maximal tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), and secondarily, any tumor response for this novel combination. Methods: Patients with advanced solid tumors with adequate organ function were eligible. Lenalidomide was given orally days 1–14, and docetaxel was administered intravenously on day 1 of each 21-day cycle. DLT was defined as grade 3 or higher non-hematologic toxicity, grade 4 neutropenia with fever, and grade 4 anemia or thrombocytopenia. Results: Nineteen patients, 14 male and 5 female, with tumor types including prostate (7), sarcoma (3), head and neck (2), pancreatic, colon, melanoma, adenocarcinoma of unknown primary, gastric, bladder, and GIST have been enrolled. ECOG performance status was zero (10 patients) or one (9 patients). The median age was 59 years (range 35 to 86). Fourteen patients had zero or one prior treatment regimens (range 0 to 6). A total of 64 cycles have been administered (range 1 to 12). In the first nine evaluable patients, eight (89%) had grade 3 or 4 neutropenia. Docetaxel 75 mg/m 2 given every 3 weeks with lenalidomide 5 mg on days 1–14 exceeded the MTD due to one grade 3 nausea/vomiting and one grade 4 neutropenia with fever. After the addition of pegfilgrastim on day 2, there has not been any neutropenia in the subsequent seven evaluable patients. Other grade 3 and 4 toxicities included leukopenia (31%), lymphopenia (19%), as well as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, anemia, infection, hyponatremia, and hypokalemia (6% each). Seven patients (44%) have had stable disease (range 3 to 12 cycles). One prostate cancer patient experienced a &gt;95% reduction of PSA. Enrollment is ongoing and the current dose level is docetaxel 75 mg/m 2 , lenalidomide 10 mg days 1–14, and pegfilgrastim on day 2. Conclusions: The toxicity evaluation is ongoing. This trial will provide the MTD of docetaxel 75 mg/m 2 given every 3 weeks with lenalidomide on days 1–14 in combination with pegfilgrastim support to avoid neutropenia. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Clinical and immunological characterization of 14 cases of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor‐associated bullous pemphigoid: a single‐centre study
Authors: M. Hayashi, T. Tsunoda, F. Sato, Y. Yaguchi, M. Igarashi, K. Izumi, W. Nishie, N. Ishii, K. Okamura, T. Suzuki, T. Hashimoto
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)
Should you first cure your ignorance, healthcare professionals?
Authors: Chiara Gusmini
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2019)

I am a 38-year-old woman and I have lived for 25 years with chronic pain. I’ve never hidden it from anybody—I sought help everywhere, but no-one was able to help me to identify the nature of my condition. I learnt strategies to manage my pain by myself until I got unexpectedly introduced to the current best evidence-based management for my condition, which changed my life significantly.

My story started when I was 12 years old, when I was pushed to the ground outside school and fell on my back. I believe that that fall was the beginning of my persistent pain. Over the following years, persistent spinal pain was diagnosed as 'growth pains'. When I approached my twenties, my pain was widespread. I suffered from widespread pain in my head, neck, back, arms, legs and bowel, as well as insomnia. My pains were not visible on X-rays, MRI scans, or detectable by blood tests, and I was the only one who could perceive them. Doctors and healthcare professionals concluded that my pains were in my mind.

The medicines I was prescribed did not work and, obviously, this situation made me rather anxious. Anxiety then became a problem and I felt I was being blamed for all my aches and pains. I was not improving with any of the treatments attempted (massage, manipulations, laser therapy, …
Abstract 2432: The genomic consequences of tumor hypoxia in human cancers
Authors: Vinayak Bhandari, Shadrielle M. Espiritu, Lydia Y. Liu, Emilie Lalonde, Takafumi N. Yamaguchi, Lawrence E. Heisler, Julie Livingstone, Vincent Huang, Yu-Jia Shiah, Veronica Y. Sabelnykova, Fouad Yousif, Melvin L. Chua, Michael Fraser, Theodorus van der Kwast, Paul C. Boutros, Robert G. Bristow
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Introduction: Localized prostate cancers are classified into risk-groups using clinical measurements like grade and stage to inform treatment decisions. However, these groupings are imprecise: ~30% of intermediate-risk patients suffer relapse of their disease despite precision image-guided radiotherapy or radical prostatectomy. One reason for this variability in response to treatment is the underlying cellular and molecular heterogeneity of tumors. Prostate tumor cells exist within a microenvironment characterized by gradients of oxygen levels and prostate tumors with low levels of oxygen (hypoxia) have poor clinical outcomes. Methods and Results: To understand the correlates of hypoxia in cancer we conducted a pan-cancer analysis of copy number alterations (CNAs) and single nucleotide variants (SNVs) across 19 cancer types. We measured hypoxia using multiple mRNA-based signatures and discovered numerous CNAs and SNVs enriched or depleted in hypoxic tumors, highlighting the role of hypoxia in shaping the genomic landscape of multiple tumor types. Next, we examined 548 patients with localized prostate cancer and statistically assessed the association of hypoxia with CNAs, SNVs, genomic rearrangements, focal genomic events (i.e. kataegis, chromothripsis), telomere length, clinical indices (i.e. grade, stage) and subclonal architecture. Tumor hypoxia is associated with specific CNAs and SNVs in prostate cancer driver genes. To translate these findings into a biomarker for prostate cancer precision medicine, we integrated tumor microenvironmental data with genomic and pathological information to stratify patients into distinct prognostic groups. Impact: These data suggest that the aggressiveness of cancers is driven by the interplay of the tumor microenvironment and its genomic mutational profile. Citation Format: Vinayak Bhandari, Shadrielle M. Espiritu, Lydia Y. Liu, Emilie Lalonde, Takafumi N. Yamaguchi, Lawrence E. Heisler, Julie Livingstone, Vincent Huang, Yu-Jia Shiah, Veronica Y. Sabelnykova, Fouad Yousif, Melvin L. Chua, Michael Fraser, Theodorus van der Kwast, Paul C. Boutros, Robert G. Bristow. The genomic consequences of tumor hypoxia in human cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2432.
Unique and Shared Epigenetic Programs of the CREBBP and EP300 Acetyltransferases in Germinal Center B Cells Reveal Targetable Dependencies in Lymphoma
Authors: Stefanie N. Meyer, Claudio Scuoppo, Sofija Vlasevska, Elodie Bal, Antony B. Holmes, Mara Holloman, Laura Garcia-Ibanez, Sarah Nataraj, Romain Duval, Thomas Vantrimpont, Katia Basso, Nigel Brooks, Riccardo Dalla-Favera, Laura Pasqualucci
Journal: Immunity (2019)