tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P196: Personalized Dynamical System Models Of Individual Text Message Effects On Changes In Physical Activity
Authors: Sarah Hojjatinia, Constantino M Lagoa, Ashley B West, Sahar Hojjatinia, Taylor Turrisi, Deborah Brunke-Reese, David E Conroy
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Text-message interventions with universal decision rules (treatment algorithms) demonstrate modest and inconsistent effects on physical activity. Efforts to increase effect sizes by targeting, tailoring or generically customizing content have largely been unsuccessful. In this study, system identification methods from control systems engineering were applied to develop person-specific dynamical models of individual responses to motivational text messages. Methods: Emerging adults not meeting aerobic physical activity guidelines (verified by accelerometer during a 1-week run-in period) received 0-6 messages/day while wearing a Fitbit Versa watch for 3 months. Experimental messages targeted cognitive or affective determinants of physical activity (move more) or sedentary behavior (sit less); comparator messages were inspirational quotes. For each participant, two dynamical models were estimated using difference equations: one to model the effects of move more and sit less messages and the other to model the effects of affectively- and cognitively-targeted messages. Both models included comparator messages. Effects represent the expected change in behavior immediately after message receipt (vs expected behavior without a message). Model order was determined individually to balance uncertainty and overfitting (range = 2-9). Results: The sample (n = 20) was mostly female (60%), White (65%), and not Hispanic or Latino (95%) with a mean age of 24.4 years (SD = 3.3; range = 19-29). Idiographic patterns of behavior change were readily observed from the personalized dynamical models. Most participants’ step counts increased after messages to move more (60% of participants’ responses exceeded the 95% error interval [responders], M = 94.3 steps; 83% of responders increased steps) and sit less (50% responders, M = 114.6 steps; 90% of responders increased steps), as well as control messages (75% responders, M = 59.5 steps; 60% of responders increased steps). Step counts also increased after messages targeting cognitive determinants (80% responders, M = 97.1 steps; 75% of responders increased steps) and affective determinants (75% responders, M = 52.9 steps, 67% of responders increased steps), as well as control messages (75% responders, M = 57.8 steps; 60% of responders increased steps). Conclusions: Motivational text messages can alter physical activity dynamics, and responses to different message types are highly personalized. Among responders, most message types increased expected step counts but some messages were iatrogenic and decreased expected step counts. Computational models of those dynamics provide a foundation for personalizing decision rules to select the type and time the delivery of messages to promote physical activity and improve cardiovascular health.
A genomic approach to identify mechanisms associated with chemotherapy resistance
Authors: R. F. Riedel, A. Porrello, E. Chenette, A. Potti, J. R. Nevins, P. G. Febbo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

2534 Background: Gene expression profiling has shown an ability to predict chemotherapeutic response (Potti et al. Nature Medicine 2006). Building on this work, we used a genomic strategy to explore the biology associated with the development of chemotherapy resistance and sought to determine if disease context impacted results. Methods: Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed on expression data for NCI60 cell lines sensitive and resistant to specific chemotherapeutic agents (adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, docetaxel, etoposide, 5-fluoruracil, paclitaxel, topotecan). GSEA was additionally performed on a series of lung cancer cell lines with a defined sensitivity to cisplatin and docetaxel. Sensitive and resistant cell lines with individual mean and confidence intervals greater than 1SD from the mean across all samples were included. Adjusting for multiple hypothesis testing, gene sets with a false discovery rate (FDR) &lt;0.25 were deemed statistically significant. In the discovery mode, gene sets with a nominal p-value &lt;0.05 were also of interest. Finally, overlapping gene sets between agents were assessed. Results: Statistically-significant gene sets, representing biologic pathways associated with resistance, were identified for the various chemotherapeutic agents (i.e., cell death, erbb3, and bad pathways associated with docetaxel resistance). No gene sets with FDR &lt;0.25 or nominal p-value &lt;0.05 were common to all drugs. In assessing disease specific resistance, 22 lung cancer cell lines for cisplatin (15 sensitive, 7 resistant) and 14 lung cancer cell lines for docetaxel (10 sensitive, 4 resistant) were analyzed. GSEA identified the bcl-2 pathway (p&lt;0.002) to be associated with cisplatin resistance. In contrast, the proteosome (p=0.01) and akt (p=0.02) pathways were associated with docetaxel resistance. Pathways involved in the production of V-H+-ATPase were enriched in cisplatin and docetaxel resistant lung cancer cell lines suggesting a global mechanism of resistance. Conclusions: These results support the use of a genomic approach to identify unique drug-specific and global therapeutic targets associated with the development of chemotherapy resistance. Interestingly, disease context appears important in identifying novel targets. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use–Associated Lung Injury Among Clusters of Patients Reporting Shared Product Use — Wisconsin, 2019
Authors: Ian W. Pray, Sukhshant K. Atti, Carrie Tomasallo, Jonathan G. Meiman
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

On July 10, 2019, Wisconsin Department of Health Services (WDHS) was notified of five previously healthy adolescents with severe lung injuries who reported use of e-cigarette, or vaping, products before symptom onset. As of December 31, 2019, 105 confirmed or probable cases of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI)* had been reported to WDHS . Three social clusters (A, B, and C), comprising eight EVALI patients (cluster A = two patients, cluster B = three, and cluster C = three) were identified. WDHS investigated these clusters with standard and follow-up interviews; laboratory analysis of e-cigarette, or vaping, products; and analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. All eight patients reported daily use of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-containing e-cigarette, or vaping, product cartridges (THC cartridges) in the month preceding symptom onset. All THC cartridges were purchased from local illicit dealers, and all patients reported using THC cartridges labeled as "Dank Vapes," among other illicit brand names. At least two members of each cluster reported frequent sharing of THC cartridges before symptom onset. All eight patients also reported daily use of nicotine-containing e-cigarette, or vaping, products. Vitamin E acetate (VEA) was detected in all five THC cartridges tested from two patients, and in BAL fluid from two other patients. These findings suggest that THC cartridges containing VEA and sold on the illicit market were likely responsible for these small clusters of EVALI. Based on information presented in this and previous reports (1,2) CDC recommends not using THC-containing e-cigarette, or vaping, products, especially those obtained from informal sources such as friends, family, or in-person or online dealers (1). VEA is strongly linked to the EVALI outbreak and should not be added to e-cigarette, or vaping, products (1).
Abstract MP40: U-shaped Association Of Altitude With Prevalence Of Hypertension Among Tibetan Residents
Authors: Changwei Li, Ruiyuan Zhang, Luqi Shen, Sangzhu Laba
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Tibet has a disproportionately higher prevalence of hypertension, compared to other regions of China. This may be related to long-term exposure to the high altitude. The aim of our study is to evaluate associations of altitudes with prevalence of hypertension among residents aged 15 years and older in Tibet, China. Method: A total of 11,407 Tibet residents in the 5 th National Health Services Survey (NHSS) in 2013-2015 were included in this study. Physician diagnosed hypertension was determined based on self-report. County level altitude was identified and assigned to all residents in a county. Association between altitude and hypertension prevalence was assessed by two logistic regression models: model 1 adjusted for age and gender, and model 2 additionally adjusted for marital status, education, smoking, drinking, exercise, distance to a medical institute, area of residency, and body mass index (BMI). Non-linear relationship between altitude and prevalence of hypertension was explored by restricted cubic spline analyses. Sensitivity analysis were performed by restricting residents in rural and/or nomadic areas. Result: The prevalence of self-reported hypertension is 15.7%, the medication adherence rate is 14%, and the control rate is 10.3%. Compared to residents without physician diagnosed hypertension, those with hypertension were closer to a hospital, older, having lower education level, and less likely to be a smoker or live in an urban area. Altitude showed a U shape relationship with the prevalence of hypertension with a turning point at around 3,800 meters. For residents living more than 3,800 meters above sea level, a 1,000 meters increase in altitude was associated with 2.05 (95% confidence interval: 1.62-2.61) times higher odds of having physician diagnosed hypertension, after adjusting for age and gender. When further controlling for all covariates, the OR dropped to 1.87 (1.46-2.41) but still significant. For residents living below the altitude of 3,800 meters, 1000 meters’ increase was associated 0.55 (95% CI: 0.33-0.92) less likelihood of having physician diagnosed hypertension. Conclusion: The burden of self-reported hypertension was high among Tibet residents. Altitude was in a U-shaped association with the prevalence of hypertension with a turning point at around 3,800 meters.
Abstract P157: Obesity Peak Forecast Model
Authors: Joseph Granato, Nicole Zhang, Mike Hughes
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Intro: Obesity is well established as a cause of multiple diseases that put excessive strain on healthcare resources. This is particularly true in the United States where obesity levels are among the highest in the world. However, forecasting future trends in obesity prevalence can be problematic given the difficulty associated with accurately quantifying the effect of the many risk factors that have been documented for obesity. In this study, a model is presented to forecast future adult obesity prevalence based on the current childhood obesity prevalence and the conditional probability of adult obesity given childhood obesity. Hypothesis: Adult obesity prevalence can be forecast based on current childhood obesity and the likelihood of the former given the latter. Methods: The annual change in historical (1975-2016) childhood (ages 5-19) obesity was calculated to ascertain a gender-specific trend. To forecast the prevalence of adult obesity (ages 20-59) in coming decades the model relied upon published age-specific probabilities of adult obesity given childhood obesity. To forecast the annual change in ten-year age-groups of obese adults these probabilities were then applied to the annual change figures derived from the historical childhood obesity data. The model used the linear regression of childhood obesity, from 1996-2016, to extend the forecast and determine a year in which the annual change in adult obesity became negative. Such a forecast provided an age-and gender-specific year in which the obesity epidemic in adult Americans comes to an end and prevalence begins to decrease. Results: By using historical childhood obesity data and the probability of adult obesity associated with childhood obesity the model forecasts the American obesity epidemic in males ages 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, and 50-59 to stop increasing and begin decreasing in 2048, 2054, 2059, and 2064 respectively. Likewise, the model estimated obesity prevalence will cease to rise in adult American females about a decade earlier with forecasts for ages 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, and 50-59 to be 2037, 2043, 2048, and 2053 respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion, adult obesity in the United States, like most documented disease epidemics will reach a point, beyond which the prevalence is expected to fall. The model was built to handle the difficulty associated with quantifying the effect of the multiple risk factors and the well documented period effects linked to obesity. The proposed model successfully used historical childhood obesity data and the correlation between childhood and adult obesity to forecast when obesity in the United States will cease to grow and start to decline.
Abstract P212: Depressive Symptoms Mediate the Relationship Between Dispositional Mindfulness and Diet Quality Among Healthy Midlife Adults
Authors: Shannon D Donofry, Kirk I Erickson, Michele D Levine, Peter Gianaros, Matthew F Muldoon, Stephen B Manuck
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that mindfulness, a practice of non-judgmental awareness of present experience, may reduce eating psychopathology and emotion-driven eating. However, few studies have explored the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and diet quality or sought to identify factors that mediate the effect of dispositional mindfulness on diet quality. Methods: Community-dwelling midlife participants ( N = 406; M age = 43.19, SD = 7.26; M BMI = 27.08, SD = 5.28; 52% female) reported dispositional mindfulness using the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, depressive symptoms using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and perceived stress using the Perceived Stress Scale. Dietary intake was assessed using the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire, from which the 2015 Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was derived. Direct and mediating effects of dispositional mindfulness, depressive symptoms, and perceived stress on overall HEI scores were analyzed using the mediation package in R with bias-corrected bootstrapped confidence intervals (BootCI). Age, sex, education and BMI were entered as covariates in all models. Results: Higher dispositional mindfulness was associated with higher diet quality ( β = 0.095, p = 0.04). Depressive symptoms significantly mediated the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and overall diet quality (average causal mediation effect [ACME] = 0.6962, BootCI = 0.104-1.42, p = 0.03) such that higher mindfulness was associated with higher overall diet quality through lower depressive symptoms. Perceived stress was significantly negatively correlated with dispositional mindfulness ( β = -0.310, p &lt;0.01) but was not related to diet quality ( β = -0.039, p = 0.44) and therefore did not mediate the relationship between mindfulness and diet quality (ACME = 0.173, BootCI = -0.261-0.65, p = 0.46). Conclusions: These cross-sectional data provide initial evidence that dispositional mindfulness may relate to diet quality among midlife adults, an effect that may be explained in part by lesser depressive symptomatology. Given that lifestyle behaviors in midlife are leading determinants of risk for cardiovascular and neurocognitive disease in late life, interventions targeted at enhancing mindfulness in midlife may plausibly mitigate disease risk. Additional research assessing the impact of mindfulness interventions on diet quality are warranted.
Bortezomib-based consolidation or maintenance therapy for multiple myeloma: a meta-analysis
Authors: Shijia Zhang, Amit A. Kulkarni, Beibei Xu, Haitao Chu, Taxiarchis Kourelis, Ronald S. Go, Michael L. Wang, Veronika Bachanova, Yucai Wang
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2020)

Abstract Bortezomib-based regimens are widely used as induction therapy for multiple myeloma (MM). Unlike lenalidomide, the role of bortezomib in consolidation and maintenance therapy for MM is less clear. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of bortezomib-based consolidation and maintenance therapy on survival outcomes and adverse events. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase databases, and major conference proceedings were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of bortezomib-based regimens as consolidation or maintenance therapy for MM. Ten RCTs enrolling 3147 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Bortezomib-based regimens were compared with regimens without bortezomib or observation. The meta-analysis suggested that bortezomib-based maintenance therapy improved progression-free survival (PFS; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.72, 95% CI 0.55–0.95, P = 0.02) and overall survival (OS; HR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.58–0.87, P = 0.001). Bortezomib-based consolidation therapy improved PFS (HR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.68–0.88, P &lt; 0.001) but not OS (HR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.78–1.24, P = 0.87). Bortezomib-based consolidation/maintenance therapy led to a trend toward increased risk of grade ≥ 3 neurologic symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, and fatigue. More research is warranted to further assess the role of bortezomib-based consolidation and maintenance therapy for multiple myeloma.
The DDB1-DCAF2 complex is essential for B cell development because it regulates cell cycle progression
Authors: Zhonghui Xue, Jing Guo, Ruoyu Ma, Lina Zhou, Yixin Guo, Yong Cang, Hengyu Fan, Jian Chen, Wenbin Qian, Lie Wang
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2020)
Endoscopic treatment for superficial squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck region (HNSCC)
Authors: T. Omori, H. Kawakubo, Y. Sato, A. Yokoyama
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

16542 Background: The HNSCC are usually diagnosed at advanced stage, therefore, the prognosis is dismal. Recently we can find the superficial HNSCC by using high-resolution and magnifying endoscopy. We expect to get a good prognosis by the endscopic treatment (EMRC: Endoscopic Mucosal Resection by Cap-method/ELPS: Endoscopic Laryngo-Pharyngeal Surgery) for the superficial HNSCC. The purpose of this study is to examine the usefulness and effectiveness of endoscopic treatment for the superficial HNSCC. Methods: The superficial HNSCC means that the depth of cancer invasion is within the subepithelial layer. When we diagnose superficial HNSCC with no lymphnode metastasis, the endoscopic treatment (EMRC/ELPS) becomes the first line treatment under general-anesthesia. For those treatment cases, We examine the method of treatment, complication, pathological diagnosis and prognsis. Result: We have 130 patients (201 lesions) of the superficial HNSCC from Jan 2000 to Jan 2007. The endoscopic treatment cases were 92 (142 lesions), 87 male and 5 female, ranging in age from 40 to 86 years. Of the 92 patients, 56 (60.9%) had been treated by EMRC, 36 (39.1%) had been treated by ELPS. EMRC is good for small lesion (less than 10 mm in diameter). ELPS is suitable for large lesion. In EMRC case, a wound pain was often slight after the operation, and patient could leave the hospital in 4–5POD. In ELPS case, a wound pain was stronger than EMRC, and needed more hospital days. Major complication was not recognized both in EMRC and ELPS. Of 142 lesions which clinical assessments of the depth of cancer invasion were ep (epithelial layer) or sep (subepithlial layer), 140 lesions (98.6%) were histopathologically ep or sep. Two lesions (1.4%) were mp (proper muscular layer). Of the 92 patients, 83 are alive, 9 had been dead. There was no lymphnode metastasis, distant metastasis and local recurrent case. Forty patients of 3 years observation were accrued from Jan 2000 to Dec 2003. Of the 40 patients, 33 were alive, 7 were dead. No HNSCC patients died. The cause specific 3 years survival rate is 100%. Conclusion: The result of our trial indicated the usefulness of endoscopic treatment for superficial HNSCC and the effectiveness for improving the prognosis of HNSCC No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract P476: Consumption Of Animal And Plant Food And Likelihood Of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction: A Prospective Study Among Black And White Adults Of The Bogalusa Heart Study
Authors: Alexander C Razavi, Lydia A Bazzano, Jiang He, Camilo Fernandez, Seamus P Whelton, Marie A Krousel-Wood, Sylvia H Ley, Lu Qi, Kaitlin S Potts, Timothy S Harlan, Tanika N Kelly
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is one key subclinical precursor of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Whether dietary correlates serve as independent predictors of LVDD in adults without HFpEF is unknown. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that dietary habits in young adulthood would prospectively influence the likelihood of LVDD in middle age. Methods: The analysis included 456 individuals of the Bogalusa Heart Study (26.5% black, 62.7% female, baseline age=36.1 + 4.4 years) with an ejection fraction &gt; 55%. Diet was measured at baseline via food frequency questionnaires. LVDD was defined at follow-up (median=12.9 years) through echocardiographic measurement of the E/A ratio, E/e’ ratio, isovolumic relaxation time, and deceleration time. Logistic regression estimated the odds of LVDD according to protein source, adjusting for cardiovascular disease risk factors and total energy intake. Results: There were 72 cases of LVDD. Using the lowest tertile as reference, persons in the middle tertile of total protein (OR=3.31, 95% CI: 1.47, 7.46; p=8.5x10 -3 ) and animal protein (OR=2.93, 95% CI: 1.35, 6.37; p=0.03) intake had the highest likelihoods of LVDD. We observed 54% and 57% lower odds of LVDD for persons in the highest vs. lowest tertile of vegetable (OR=0.46, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.95; p=8.0x10 -4 ) and legume consumption (OR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.92; p=0.02), respectively. Total protein, animal protein, processed meat, and eggs indicated a significant quadratic trend towards increased odds of LVDD, while legumes and vegetables indicated a significant quadratic trend toward decreased odds of LVDD ( Table ). There were no significant relationships of LVDD with other animal or plant foods. Conclusions: Animal and plant food consumption result in an increased and decreased likelihood of LVDD, respectively. Adherence to plant-based diets in young adulthood may protect against the development of LVDD, and thus future HFpEF, later in life.