tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Promoting vaccination in maternity wards ─ motivational interview technique reduces hesitancy and enhances intention to vaccinate, results from a multicentre non-controlled pre- and post-intervention RCT-nested study, Quebec, March 2014 to February 2015
Authors: Arnaud Gagneur, Marie-Claude Battista, François D. Boucher, Bruce Tapiero, Caroline Quach, Philippe De Wals, Thomas Lemaitre, Anne Farrands, Nicole Boulianne, Chantal Sauvageau, Manale Ouakki, Virginie Gosselin, Geneviève Petit, Marie-Claude Jacques, Ève Dubé
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2019)

BackgroundMany countries are grappling with growing numbers of parents who delay or refuse recommended vaccinations for their children. This has created a need for strategies to address vaccine hesitancy (VH) and better support parental decision-making regarding vaccination.AimTo assess vaccination intention (VI) and VH among parents who received an individual motivational-interview (MI) based intervention on infant immunisation during post-partum stay at a maternity ward between March 2014 and February 2015.MethodsThis non-controlled pre-/post-intervention study was conducted using the results from parents enrolled in the intervention arm of the PromoVaQ randomised control trial (RCT), which was conducted in four maternity wards across the Province of Quebec. Participants (n = 1,223) completed pre- and post-intervention questionnaires on VI and VH using Opel's score. Pre-/post-intervention measures were compared using McNemar's test for categorical variables and Wilcoxon signed-rank test for continuous variables.ResultsPre-intervention: overall VI was 78% and significantly differed across maternity wards (74%, 77%, 84%, 79%, p = 0.02). Post-intervention: VI rose significantly across maternity wards (89%, 85%, 95%, 93%) and the overall increase in VI was 12% (78% vs 90%, p < 0.0001). VH corroborated these observations, pre- vs post-intervention, for each maternity ward (28% vs 16%, 29% vs 21%, 27% vs 17%, 24% vs 13%). Overall, VH was curbed post-intervention by 40% (27% vs 16%; p < 0.0001).ConclusionsCompared with pre-intervention status, participants who received the MI-based intervention on immunisation displayed lower hesitancy and greater intention to vaccinate their infant at 2 months of age.
Off label targeted therapy use in adolescents and young adults with sarcoma.
Authors: Lisa M. Kopp, Kathylynn Saboda, Bhuvana Setty, Mary Frances Wedekind, Daniel Weiser, Leya Schwartz, Michael Isakoff, Douglas James Harrison, Jonathan Benjamin Gill, Pooja Hingorani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

e21504 Background: Outcomes for patients with metastatic or recurrent sarcomas remains dismal with &lt; 20% overall survival. Due to the rarity of sarcomas, the development, testing, and approval of new therapies takes years. Most early phase clinical trials are restricted to adults leaving young patients with limited options. Little is known about the prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients receiving off-label targeted therapy (OLTT). In this multi-institutional retrospective review we evaluated OLTT use in this population. Methods: Patients with recurrent sarcoma diagnosed between the years of 2008 – 2016 were identified at six institutions. Charts were reviewed for OLTT use and additional clinical characteristics. ANOVA [Analysis of Variance] and Kruskal Wallis Rank sum tests were used for normally and non-normally distributed continuous data. Categorical data was analyzed using chi-squared tests or fisher exact tests. Results: The prevalence of OLTT use was 29% for the patients included in our analysis. Of the 99 cases, the mean age for OLTT was 18 years, ranging 3 – 34 years. Nearly half had recurrent tumor in multiple sites at the time of OLTT use, and 64% did not undergo resection prior to OLTT. Lack of clinical trial availability was the most common reason for OLTT use (31% of cases). The most common OLTT drug class used were tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Progression in 81% of cases was the primary reason for stopping OLTT and toxicity limited use in 12% of cases. One case had a complete response, 5 cases had a partial response and 4 cases had stable disease per RECIST. Conclusions: OLTT use is exceedingly prevalent in patients with recurrent sarcoma. Clinical trials for children and adolescents with recurrent sarcoma will identify optimal agents to improve outcomes in this understudied population.
P10.04 Incidence and characteristics of neurological adverse events secondary to immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: R Velasco, A Argyriou, J Bruna, G G Anastopoulou, M Alemany, M Simó, J M Piulats, E Nadal, H P Kalofonos
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract BACKGROUND To explore the incidence and clinical phenotype of serious neurological adverse events (NAEs) in cancer patients who received immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) at two institutions. MATERIAL AND METHODS We reviewed files of cancer patients who were treated with ICIs from 2010 to 2018 and then searched for ICIs-related NAEs. RESULTS We identified 1185 ICIs-treated patients. Males and females were 63.7% and 36.3%, respectively, with a mean age of 63.4±7.3 years-old. Nivolumab was given to 536 (45.2%) patients, Pembrolizumab to 301 (25.4%) patients, Atezolizumab to 135 (11.4%), Ipilimumab to 104 (8.8%), Durvalumab-Tremelimumab to 77 (6.5%), and other ICIs to 32 (2.8%). Of those patients, 24 (2%) developed a ICI-related NAE. No differences were identified in age, sex, tumor type and class of ICIs between patients who developed neurotoxicity compared to those without neurologic adverse events. The distribution of NAE by agent was: Nivolumab (2.1%), Pembrolizumab (2%), Atezolizumab (1.5%), Ipilimumab (1%), Durvalumab-Tremelimumab (3.9%), and others (2.8%). The median number of cycles received before NAEs onset were 4.5 (1–10), and the median time was 110 days. PNS involvement was evident in 14 patients (58.3%) and CNS involvement in 41.7%, while 2 patients with aseptic meningitis also presented polyradicular involvement. Among PNS complications, there were 5 cases (20.8%) with axonal sensory neuropathies, 4 (16.7%) with Guillain-Barre-like syndromes, 4 (16.7%) with muscle involvement (myositis and myasthenias), and one with other syndromes. Seven patients (50%) with PNS-related NAEs were treated with steroids, 2 (14.3%) with IVIG, and 5 (35.7%) remained untreated. In general the outcome was good after ICIs discontinuation, with about half of patients improving or completely resolving NAEs. CONCLUSION ICIs-related NAE although rare overall, might be severe, and are mostly represented by neuromuscular complications. Early discontinuation of ICIs and possibly treatment with immune-modulating therapies should early be initiated to achieve a favourable neurological outcome
Treatment completion and toxicity of trastuzumab or trastuzumab + lapatinib in older patients (pts): BIG 2-06; NCCTG N063D (Alliance).
Authors: Noam Falbel Ponde, Dominique Agbor-Tarh, Lissandra Dal Lago, Larissa A. Korde, Florentine Hilbers, Christian Jackisch, Olena Werner, Richard D. Gelber, Aminah Jatoi, Amylou C. Dueck, Alvaro Moreno-Aspitia, Christos Sotiriou, Evandro de Azambuja, Martine Piccart
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

11553 Background: Little is known about the toxicity of trastuzumab (T) or of trastuzumab + lapatinib (T + L), approved in the advanced setting, in older pts. We have performed a sub-analysis of the Adjuvant Lapatinib and/or Trastuzumab Treatment Optimisation (ALTTO) trial focused on treatment completion and toxicity of T and T+L in older pts (aged ≥65 years (yr)). Methods: The ALTTO trial (NCT00490139, NCCTG N063D) randomised 8381 pts with early HER2+ BC into 4 arms and we included the T and T+L arms in our analysis. Eligible pts for our study were those having received at least one dose of assigned treatment. Treatment completion was evaluated through the rate of temporary treatment interruptions (TTI), permanent treatment discontinuations (PTD) and lapatinib dose reductions (LDR). Toxicity was evaluated via a selected set of adverse events of interest (AEIs). Risk factors for TTI, PTD, LDR and AEIs were assessed, including comorbidities and polypharmacy at baseline (defined as use 5 or more co-medications) and AEIs during treatment. Results: A total of 430 pts≥65-year-old were identified for this sub-analysis, out of a total of 4190 pts with a median age of 68 yrs (range 65-80). Older pts were more likely to have comorbidities (70% vs 38%). Treatment completion was worse among older pts in the T+L arm but not in the T arm (Table). AEIs were more common in the T+L arm in all patients, with older patients having higher AEI rates (78.04% in older vs 63.38% in younger), particularly diarrhea (60.75% vs 38.0%). Identified risk factors (multivariate) for worse treatment completion in the T and T+ L arms included concomitant use of chemotherapy and the occurrence of grade 3 adverse events, among others. Conclusions: T + L has worse treatment completion and is more toxic in older patients, while T was well tolerated. Identifiable risk factors at baseline and during the course of treatment could be used to aid in regimen selection and management for both T and T + L in their respective indications. Support: UG1CA189823, Novartis;https://acknowledgments.alliancefound.org. [Table: see text]
Genetic profiling of basal cell carcinomas
Authors: M.G.H.C. Reinders, B. Cosgun, L.M.C. Gijezen, C.N. Oosterhoud, N.W.J. Kelleners‐Smeets, E. Vermander, M. Vreeburg, P.M. Steijlen, K. Mosterd, M. Geel
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs or “rodent ulcers”) are the most common type of skin cancer and generally do not spread elsewhere on the body. They are not unusual in older people, but someone who develops lots of BCCs from an early age may have the rare genetic condition Basal Cell Naevus Syndrome (BCNS or “Gorlin syndrome”). Other clues to BCNS include an unusually shaped face, cysts in the jaw, and tiny irregularities on the palms and soles called palmar pits. The diagnosis is confirmed by testing DNA extracted from a blood sample. BCNS is caused by a mistake (mutation) in a gene called PTCH1 which is usually inherited from a parent, but occasionally develops for the first time in the embryo, in which case, the patient is described as mosaic because some body cells contain the mistake and some do not. Mosaic patients can be hard to diagnose because they tend to have a milder form of the condition (sometimes the only sign is a BCC developing in childhood) and the blood test may be negative for PTCH1 mutations. This paper, from Belgium and the Netherlands, describes two such patients: a 41 year old woman with BCCs on just one side of her body and no other features of BCNS and a 36 year old woman with BCCs, jaw cysts and palmar pits. In both patients the blood test was negative but PTCH1 mutations were found in all the BCCs tested. Confirming the diagnosis enabled the doctors to counsel these patients about possible complications of BCNS and the risk of passing it on to the next generation.
Incidental Detection of Pleomorphic Sarcoma on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in a Patient With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Boon Mathew, Archi Agrawal, Nilendu C. Purandare, Mukta Ramadwar, Santosh Menon, Ganesh Bakshi, Amit Joshi, Ameya Puranik, Sneha Shah, Venkatesh Rangarajan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Abstract 68 Ga prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT is used in the staging, evaluation of biochemical recurrence, and response assessment of patients with prostate cancer. In addition to the PSMA-expressing prostate cancer cells, Ga-PSMA binds to the neovasculaature of various other solid tumors and benign lesions. We report a case of a 72-year-old man with recently diagnosed adenocarcinoma of prostate, incidentally found to have pleomorphic sarcoma on the staging 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT.
Engineered nano-immunopotentiators efficiently promote cancer immunotherapy for inhibiting and preventing lung metastasis of melanoma
Authors: Lijia Luo, Muhammad Zubair Iqbal, Chuang Liu, Jie Xing, Ozioma Udochukwu Akakuru, Qianlan Fang, Zihou Li, Yunlu Dai, Aiguo Li, Yong Guan, Aiguo Wu
Journal: Biomaterials (2019)
Bone Marrow Biopsy Is Still Indispensable for Evaluating Bone Marrow Involvement in DLBCL Patients Even in the PET/CT Era
Authors: Yusuke Saiki, Naoto Tomita, Akiko Uchida, Satoshi Yokoi, Yuji Nishio, Yoshinori Suzuki, Yasushi Isobe, Hirotaka Sakai, Masayuki Kato, Masahiro Hoshikawa, Tsuyoshi Kawano, Naoya Nakamura, Ikuo Miura
Journal: Blood (2018)
P14.24 Bevacizumab treatment in atypical disseminated choroid plexus papilloma in adult patients
Authors: F Colò, L Larrouquere, R Rivoirard, H Loiseau, A Lortholary, A Mervoyer, I Catry-Thomas, D Frappaz
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract BACKGROUND Choroid plexus tumours represent less than 1% of brain tumours. Low-grade papilloma may be treated with gross total surgical resection, while in disseminated progressive atypical choroid plexus papilloma (APP), there is no standard treatment: various chemotherapy regimens have been reported. Since this tumour is characterized by a rich vascular component, antiangiogenic therapy is an attractive treatment. The use of Bevacizumab has already been reported in three patients. Authors expand this experience with 5 further patients diagnosed with progressive APP treated with bevacizumab. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients were recruited through the weekly Adolescent Young Adult French web conference. They have been treated with bevacizumab 10 mg/kg by intravenous injection each 2 to 3 weeks. Their clinical status and radiological response are reported: Karnofsky Index (KI), Pain Scale (PS) and RANO criteria were used. RESULTS All our patients had a progressive disease prior to bevacizumab. Pt 1: 41 years old; APP with cranio-spinal dissemination; Previous treatments: local and cranio-spinal irradiation in 2012 and in 2014; surgery: complete and partial resection in 2010, 2014, and VP shunt in 2018; Bevacizumab: total of 33 cures in 18 months. Result: radiological and clinical stabilization. Pt 2: 58 years old; APP with cranio-spinal dissemination; Previous treatments: surgery: VP shunt and gross total resection, in 2006; VP shunt, in 2011. Bevacizumab: total of 4 cures, in 2 months. Result: radiological and clinical stabilization. Pt 3: 34 years old; APP with cranio-spinal dissemination; Previous treatments: surgery: gross total resection, in 1992, and shunt in 2008. Bevacizumab: total of 21 cures, in 21 months. Result: radiological and clinical stabilization. Pt 4: 63 years old; APP with cranio-spinal dissemination; Previous treatments: surgery: surgical resection and VP shunt in 2013; chemotherapy: temozolomide. Bevacizumab: 29 months (still treated). Result: radiological and clinical stabilization. Pt 5: 62 years old; APP with cranio-spinal dissemination; Previous treatments: surgery: gross total resection in 1999 and VP shunt in 2009; chemotherapy: Carboplatin Vespesid. Bevacizumab: 23 cures, in 14 months. Result: radiological stabilization and clinical amelioration. CONCLUSION Despite their previous worsening disease, all patients obtained a stabilization or amelioration of their IK and PS under bevacizumab. Bevacizumab should be evaluated in a multicentric trial as standard therapy for disseminated metastasized progressive choroid plexus tumours.
遗传性皮肤病中的纤维母细胞活化和 ECM 重塑
Authors: E. Chacón‐Solano, C. León, F. Díaz, F. García‐García, M. García, M.J. Escámez, S. Guerrero‐Aspizua, C.J. Conti, Á. Mencía, L. Martínez‐Santamaría, S. Llames, M. Pévida, J. Carbonell‐Caballero, J.A. Puig‐Butillé, R. Maseda, S. Puig, R. Lucas, E. Baselga, F. Larcher, J. Dopazo, M. Río
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

隐性营养不良性大疱性表皮松解症(RDEB)、Kindler综合征 (KS) 和 C 组着色性干皮病(XPC) 是三种令患者发生癌症风险增加的遗传性皮肤疾病(遗传性皮肤病) 。仍未充分了解在这些疾病中导致癌症的事件, 包括在皮肤水平发生的事件, 尽管已对它们进行了深入调查。为了加深对于这些罕见病的认识,最终发现新的治疗, 西班牙研究小组调查了来自 RDEB、KS 和 XPC 患者的一种称为真皮纤维母细胞的皮肤细胞的基因表达谱 (标签) 。研究者们发现, 来自这三种遗传皮肤病的纤维母细胞都有大量以相同方式异常(错误)表达的基因。它们反过来转化成一种活化表型, 导致真皮 (一层皮肤) 硬度变化和氧化还原 (一种化学反应)状态失衡。这一重叠标签似乎不依赖于导致缺乏缺陷 (即 VII 型胶原、kindlin‐1 或 XPC 的丢失) 的原发疾病,而是尚未充分了解的常见损伤‐反应性事件的结果。总而言之, 该研究为真皮纤维母细胞在 RDEB、XPC 和 KS 中所扮演角色添加了最新认识, 并强调了可能的新治疗靶点。
P14.96 Gliomatosis cerebri imaging pattern: a treatment-independent marker for worse overall survival in WHO grade II and III gliomas
Authors: I Divé, E Steidl, M Wagner, M C Burger, K Franz, P N Harter, O Bähr, E Fokas, U Herrlinger, J P Steinbach
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract BACKGROUND The term gliomatosis cerebri (GC) refers to glial brain tumors with widespread tumor expansion affecting three or more cerebral lobes. Formerly considered a distinct tumor entity, recent studies found no difference in the mutational profile of glial tumors with GC growth pattern compared to non-GC gliomas. Thus, in the new WHO classification of brain tumors, GC is no longer included as a separate diagnosis. While the presence of gliomas with GC growth pattern is associated with worse overall survival (OS), the underlying factors remain to be identified. Here, we asked whether differing therapeutic strategies in first line treatment could account for the worse outcome of patients with GC growth pattern and grade II and III histology. MATERIAL AND METHODS From the patient data bank of the University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, 47 patients with histological diagnosis of WHO grade II or III glioma, and with record of GC imaging pattern were identified. GC tumor expansion was confirmed by review of MRI scans prior to treatment initiation. Patients with WHO grade II or III glioma without GC growth pattern served as control cohort (n=379). IDH mutational status was available for 75% of GC tumors (IDH R132H mutated 32%; non-mutated 43%) and 69% of non-GC tumors (IDH R132H mutated 57%; non-mutated 12%). RESULTS Within the GC patient cohort, patients with tumors without contrast enhancement, lower WHO grade and mutated IDH status showed better OS. Compared to the control cohort, patients with GC had significantly shorter OS. This was independent of histological diagnosis or IDH mutation status. Patients with GC more frequently underwent radiochemotherapy (17% vs. 9% in the non-GC cohort), and drastically more often received chemotherapy alone (51% vs. 5%). We then analyzed OS in GC and non-GC patients that had received the same first line treatments. For radiochemotherapy in GC versus non-GC patients, OS was 1.1 years vs. 12.7 years (p =0.0075, log-rank test). For upfront chemotherapy alone, OS was significantly shorter in the GC cohort than in the non-GC cohort (3,6 years vs. undefined, p =0.0016, log-rank test). CONCLUSION Differences in first-line treatment cannot account for the worse prognosis of patients with GC imaging pattern. Further studies are needed to pinpoint biological or clinical factors that might influence responsiveness to therapy and prognosis of GC tumors.
Role of Signal Transducing Adaptor Protein (STAP) Family in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Jun Toda, Michiko Ichii, Hirohiko Shibayama, Hideaki Saito, Yuichi Kitai, Ryuta Muromoto, Jun-ichi Kashiwakura, Kodai Saitoh, Tadashi Matsuda, Kenji Oritani, Yuzuru Kanakura
Journal: Blood (2017)
P11.10 The IFNγ pathway mediates brain metastasis formation of breast cancer
Authors: R Pedrosa, J M Kros, B Schrijver, R Marques, P Leenen, W Dik, C van Eijck, D Mustafa
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract BACKGROUND In previous work we showed the prominence of the T-cell response in the formation of brain metastases of primary ER negative breast cancers (Mustafa et al, Acta Neuropathol 2018). We also showed that breast cancer cells co-cultured with stimulated T lymphocytes overexpress Guanylate-binding protein 1 (GBP1) accompanying increased trespassing ability through an in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model. In addition, we demonstrated a predilection for metastasizing to brain of breast cancer cells that were co-cultured with activated T cells in a mouse model. We now scrutinize the importance of the IFNγ pathway for tresspassing of the tumor cells through the BBB following T cell contact. MATERIAL AND METHODS Anti-hIFN-γ-IgA antibodies were used to neutralize the IFNγ effects on the tumor cells. The effects on the tumor cells is only due to native IFNγ produced by activated T cells, not by recombinant IFNγ. Since the IFNγ expression itself enhances its expression by the T cells, we blocked IFNγ receptors prior to adding CD3+ T cell conditioned media to the breast cancer cells. The receptor blocking was achieved by antibodies to the IFNγα and IFNγβ subunits. Activation of the STAT1 pathway was monitored by GBP1 expression. For functional read-out the in vitro BBB model was used. RESULTS The presence of T-lymphocyte-secreted IFNγ in the primary breast cancer microenvironment activates the STAT1-dependent IFNγ pathway in breast cancer cells, endowing them with an increased ability to trespass the in vitro BBB. Moreover, direct inhibition of soluble IFNγ, or blocking of the IFNγ-specific receptor in breast cancer cells significantly decreases their ability to cross the BBB. CONCLUSION The results illustrate the specific action of T lymphocytes in the formation of cerebral metastasis involves the IFNγ signaling pathway as one of the crucial entangled pathways Subsequent studies should aim at the interference with the IFNγ pathway to develop preventive strategies against the formation of cerebral metastases of breast cancer.
Annals Story Slam - Resilience in Life: My Story
Authors: Adesola O. Oje
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

Web Exclusives3 September 2019Annals Story Slam - Resilience in Life: My StoryFREEAdesola O. Oje, SKMCAdesola O. Oje, SKMCSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/W19-0017 SectionsAboutVisual Abstract ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Video. Annals Story Slam - Resilience in Life: My Story "Resilience in Life: My Story," by Adesola O. Oje, SKMC (Duration 5:45)Building on the popular Annals feature “On Being a Doctor,” storytellers share stories about the experience of doctoring on video.For more videos from and information on Annals Story Slam, visit go.annals.org/StorySlam. Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 3 September 2019Volume 171, Issue 5Page: SS1 ePublished: 3 September 2019 Issue Published: 3 September 2019 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2019 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Vocal Cord Metastasis
Authors: Pablo Garrido-Abad, Luis García-Martín
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

A 49-year-old man presented with voice changes and pain with swallowing. Fiberoptic laryngoscopy revealed a laryngeal lesion. Biopsy and imaging were performed, and a diagnosis of metastatic renal-cell carcinoma was made.
Selection as a cause versus the causes of selection
Authors: A. Charles Catania
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Hull et al. rightly point out the special character of selection as a causal mode, but ironically they seem to force selection back into traditional causal modes by decomposing it into replication, variation, and environmental interaction. Many processes are selective, and a taxonomy of a broad range of kinds of selection may be preferable to narrowing the applicability of the term.