tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Heat annd Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Robert Teoh
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article entitled "Factors Associated With a Malignant or Benign Course of Multiple Sclerosis" (1982;248:856) was interesting, but I was disappointed by its inherent errors. First, the authors referred to eight publications in which "fever therapy" in multiple sclerosis (MS) was used. In fact, the quoted articles reported the effect of raising body temperature on neurophysiological studies as an adjunct to the diagnosis of MS and not as therapy, as suggested by Clark and colleagues. Second, the authors found that "malignant cases" of MS more frequently reported adverse responses to heat and concluded that heat exposure effected the course of the disease. This is a circuitous argument. In 1889, Uhthoff<sup>1</sup>described temperature-induced transient deterioration in the visual acuity of patients with retrobulbar neuritis. It is now widely recognized that an increase in body temperature in MS may produce short-lived deterioration in neurological symptoms and signs.<sup>2</sup>
137O Tucatinib vs placebo added to trastuzumab and capecitabine in previously treated HER2+ metastatic breast cancer with and without brain metastases (HER2CLIMB)
Authors: G. Curigliano, R. Murthy, S. Loi, A. Okines, E. Paplomata, E. Hamilton, S.A. Hurvitz, D. Cameron, V. Borges, P. Bedard, M. Oliveira, E.H. Jakobsen, T. Bachelot, S.S. Shachar, V. Mueller, L.A. Carey, S. Loibl, W. Feng, L.N. Walker, E. Winer
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Patient and Family Descriptions of Ethical Concerns
Authors: Hae Lin Cho, Christine Grady, Anita Tarzian, Gail Povar, Jed Mangal, Marion Danis
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2020)

Ethically challenging situations routinely arise in the course of illness and healthcare. However, very few studies have surveyed patients and family members about their experiences with ethically challenging situations. To address this gap in the literature, we surveyed patients and family members at three hospitals. We conducted a content analysis of their responses to open-ended questions about their most memorable experience with an ethical concern for them or their family member. Participants (N = 196) described 219 unique ethical experiences that spanned many of the prevailing themes of bioethics, including the patient-physician relationship, end-of-life care, decision-making capacity, healthcare costs, and genetic testing. Participants focused on relational issues in the course of experiencing illness and receiving medical care and concerns regarding the patient-physician encounters. Many concerns arose outside of a healthcare setting. These data indicate areas for improvement for healthcare providers but some concerns may be better addressed outside of the traditional healthcare setting.
Preparations and Appliances
Authors: H OGILVIE
Journal: BMJ (1947)

Forceps intended to take a firm hold of tissue, whether dis- secting forceps, haemostats, holding forceps of the Ochsner type, or gall-bladder forceps, depend for their security on the forcible apposition of two parallel surfaces.Since the blades are hinged, the surfaces of the jaws are parallel in one position only, usually the completely shut one when they are not in use; when they are applied, the blades are forced apart to the extent of the tissue compressed between them in a gap which is wedge-shaped, holding the gripped'tissue firmly at the hinge corner, as when clearing the ureter, the; lateral attachments of the rectum, the biliary ducts, the left gastric artery, the oesophagus, and for catching any deeply placed vessel previous to ligature.The added length gives better access, the narrow
INTENSIVE IMMUNIZATION IN MAN
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tunable bioactivity and mechanics of collagen-based tissue engineering constructs: A comparison of EDC-NHS, genipin and TG2 crosslinkers
Authors: Malavika Nair, Ramneek K. Johal, Samir W. Hamaia, Serena M. Best, Ruth E. Cameron
Journal: Biomaterials (2020)

Due to its ubiquity and versatility in the human body, collagen is an ideal base material for tissue-engineering constructs. Chemical crosslinking treatments allow precise control of the biochemical and mechanical properties through macromolecular modifications to the structure of collagen. In this work, three key facets regarding the collagen crosslinking process are explored. Firstly, a comparison is drawn between the carbodiimide-succinimide (EDC-NHS) system and two emerging crosslinkers utilising alternate chemistries: genipin and tissue transglutaminase (TG2). By characterising the chemical changes upon treatment, the effect of EDC-NHS, genipin and TG2 crosslinking mechanisms on the chemical structure of collagen, and thus the mechanical properties conferred to the substrate is explored. Secondly, the relative importance of mechanical and biochemical cues on cellular phenomena are investigated, including cell viability, integrin-specific attachment, spreading and proliferation. Here, we observe that for human dermal fibroblasts, long-term, stable proliferation is preconditioned by the availability of suitable binding sites, irrespective of the substrate modulus post-crosslinking. Finally, as seen in the graphical abstract we show that by choosing the appropriate crosslinker chemistries, a materials selection map can be drawn for collagen films, encompassing both a range of tensile modulus and fibroblast proliferation which can be modified independently. Thus, in addition to a range of parameters that can be modified in collagen constructs, we demonstrate a route to obtaining tunable bioactivity and mechanics in collagen constructs is uncovered, that is exclusively driven by the crosslinking process.
Transient Regional Osteoporosis
Authors: Sharad Lakhanpal, William W. Ginsburg, Harvinder S. Luthra, Gene G. Hunder
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Abstract We describe the clinical features and course of disease in 56 patients (33 men and 23 women) with transient regional osteoporosis. The median age at hospitalization was 48 years. All patie...
Optimized combinatorial pMHC class II multimer labeling for precision immune monitoring of tumor-specific CD4 T cells in patients
Authors: Georg Alexander Rockinger, Philippe Guillaume, Amélie Cachot, Margaux Saillard, Daniel E Speiser, Georges Coukos, Alexandre Harari, Pedro J Romero, Julien Schmidt, Camilla Jandus
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Background With immunotherapy gaining increasing approval for treatment of different tumor types, scientists rely on cutting edge methods for the monitoring of immune responses and biomarker development in patients. Due to the lack of tools to efficiently detect rare circulating human tumor-specific CD4 T cells, their characterization in patients still remains very limited. Methods We have used combinatorial staining strategies with peptide major histocompatibility complex class II (pMHCII) multimer constructs of different alleles to establish an optimized staining procedure for in vitro and direct ex-vivo visualization of tumor-specific CD4 T cells, in patient samples. Furthermore, we have generated reversible multimers to achieve optimal cell staining and yet disassemble prior to in vitro cell expansion, thus preventing activation induced cell death. Results We observed a vastly improved detection of tumor-specific, viral-specific and bacterial-specific cells with our optimization methods compared with the non-optimized staining procedure. By increasing the variety of fluorochromes used to label the pMHCII multimers, we were also able to increase the parallel detection of different specificities within one sample, including antigen-specific CD8 T cells. A decrease in cell viability was observed when using the full optimization method, but this was mitigated by the removal of neuraminidase and the use of reversible multimers. Conclusion This new optimized staining procedure represents an advance toward better detection and analysis of antigen-specific CD4 T cells. It should facilitate state-of-the art precision monitoring of tumor-specific CD4 T cells and contribute to accelerate the use and the targeting of these cells in cancer immunotherapy.
Food and drink industry sought to influence scientists and academics, emails show
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Documents obtained from US public records provide fresh evidence of how food and drink companies have sought to promote their interests through a powerful group funded by the industry, researchers say.

US Right to Know, which campaigns for transparency in the food industry, sought emails and documents through the US Freedom of Information Act covering communications between academic researchers and the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI), whose funders include Coca-Cola and other global corporations.

A paper summarising the contents of the documents, published in the journal Public Health Nutrition ,1 shows what …
Ximelagatran versus Warfarin for the Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Charles W. Francis, Bruce L. Davidson, Scott D. Berkowitz, Paul A. Lotke, Jeffrey S. Ginsberg, Jay R. Lieberman, Anne K. Webster, James P. Whipple, Gary R. Peters, Clifford W. Colwell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

For prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism, fixed-dose ximelagatran started the morning after total knee arthroplasty is well tolerated and at least as effective as warfarin, but it does not require...
Reply to Yunjin Bai, Yubo Yang, Yin Tang’s Letter to the Editor, re: Andrea Necchi, Marco Bandini, Giuseppina Calareso, et al. Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Noninvasive Assessment of Tumor Response to Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab in Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Preliminary Findings from the PURE-01, Study. Eur Urol 2020;77:636–43
Authors: Marco Bandini, Andrea Necchi
Journal: European Urology (2020)
Effect of long-acting β-agonist on bronchodilator response in children with asthma
Authors: Jessica Taytard, Camille Aupiais, Sophie Jovien, Jessica Assouline Kabla, Noémie Haziot, Marilyn Fuger, Corinne Alberti, Nicole Beydon
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>If long-acting beta-2-agonists are not withheld before pulmonary function tests in children with asthma, their effect on baseline function will be evaluated, but significant FEV<sub>1</sub> reversibility could still occur</b>https://bit.ly/2zGn8PG
Are patients with systemic lupus erythematosus at increased risk for COVID-19?
Authors: Ennio Giulio Favalli, Maria Gerosa, Antonella Murgo, Roberto Caporali
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

The global health emergency generated by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has complicated the management of patients with comorbidities, which together with old age seem to be the strongest predictor of mortality from COVID-19.1 We read with great interest the letter published by Mathian and colleagues about the clinical course of COVID-19 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treated with hydroxychloroquine.2 Their preliminary data seem to suggest a particularly high incidence of severe and even fatal cases of infection, confirming that, despite ongoing treatment with antimalarial drugs, patients with SLE have a high risk of unfavourable course during the current pandemic.

The critical point that remains to be clarified at present is the real incidence of COVID-19 in patients with SLE, regardless of the current treatment. Being operative in the maximum epicentre of the outbreak in Italy (Milan, Lombardy), we have had to face in these weeks the emergency related to the management of …
Abstract 14769: Femoral Plaque Presence by Ultrasound Provides Discriminative Capacity for MACE beyond Cardiovascular Risk Factors: The Aragon Workers’ Health Study (AWHS)
Authors: Martin Laclaustra, Estibaliz Jarauta, Sara Malo, Belen Moreno-Franco, Maria Jose Rabanaque, Rocio Mateo-Gallego, Montserrat Leon-Latre, Eliseo Guallar, Eusebio Mur-Vispe, Jose Antonio Casasnovas, Fernando Civeira
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Identification of high cardiovascular risk subjects is challenging in a wide variety of baseline risks. Carotid plaques predict increased risk in older adults, but there is no data fo...
84P Actual 5-year survival of dose-dense sequential adjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer (BC) patients treated in the post-trastuzumab era: A pooled analysis of 3 clinical trials
Authors: E. Aravantinou Fatorou, G-A. Koliou, F. Zagouri, L. Kostadima, H. Gogas, D. Pectasides, I. Binas, A. Koutras, G. Aravantinos, A. Psyrri, G.L. Lazaridis, D. Bafaloukos, E. Saloustros, C. Karanikiotis, I.B. Bombolaki, E. Razis, A. Koumarianou, P. Papakostas, P. Kosmidis, G. Fountzilas
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Abstract 10640: Vascular Senescence Promotes the Development of Insulin Resistance: Role of Endothelial p53 in Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Masataka Yokoyama, Tohru Minamino, Sho Okada, Atsushi Nakagomi, Kaoru Tateno, Ippei Shimizu, Aika Nojima, Takashi Ito, Yohko Yoshida, Taro Katsuno, Issei Komuro, Yoshio Kobayashi
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible cell growth arrest induced by excessive replication or various stresses such as oncogenic stimuli. It is thought to be a defensive mechanism against m...
Metabolic and Molecular Imaging of the Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Linda R. Peterson, Robert J. Gropler
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)

The term diabetic cardiomyopathy is defined as the presence of abnormalities in myocardial structure and function that occur in the absence of, or in addition to, well-established cardiovascular risk factors. A key contributor to this abnormal structural-functional relation is the complex interplay of myocardial metabolic remodeling, defined as the loss the flexibility in myocardial substrate metabolism and its downstream detrimental effects, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and fibrosis. In parallel with the growth in understanding of these biological underpinnings has been developmental advances in imaging tools such as positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy that permit the detection and in many cases quantification, of the processes that typifies the myocardial metabolic remodeling in diabetic cardiomyopathy. The imaging readouts can be obtained in both preclinical models of diabetes mellitus and patients with diabetes mellitus facilitating the bi-directional movement of information between bench and bedside. Moreover, imaging biomarkers provided by these tools are now being used to enhance discovery and development of therapies designed to reduce the myocardial effects of diabetes mellitus through metabolic modulation. In this review, the use of these imaging tools in the patient with diabetes mellitus from a mechanistic, therapeutic effect, and clinical management perspective will be discussed.
Prognostic impact of Philadelphia chromosome in mixed phenotype acute leukemia (<scp>MPAL</scp>): A cancer registry analysis on real‐world outcome
Authors: Ayman Qasrawi, Reshma Ramlal, Reinhold Munker, Gerhard C. Hildebrandt
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2020)

Abstract Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) is thought to have poor outcome, and presence of the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph+) has been considered to be an adverse prognostic marker. However, most of these reports were in the pre‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) era. Recent limited reports indicate improved outcomes for MPAL with the addition of TKIs. We examined the outcomes of 241 cases of MPAL according to the 2008 WHO classification from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry. The MLL + patients had a median age of 6 years while other subtypes occurred mostly in adults and had comparable age. On multivariate analyses and after adjustment for age, year of diagnosis and chemotherapy status, Ph+ MPAL patients had reduced risk of death in comparison to Ph(–) MPAL patients (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.28, P = .002). So, MLL + MPAL had the worst outcome with a 10‐fold increased risk of death in comparison to Ph+ MPAL patients (HR = 10.2, P &lt; .001). Importantly, the outcome of Ph+ MPAL was comparable to Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a 1:1 matched case‐control analysis. In conclusion, this is the largest registry study which examines the outcomes of MPAL subtypes. We confirm that MPAL is a heterogenous disease. Note, Ph+ MPAL nowadays has a better OS in comparison to other subtypes and is comparable to Ph+ ALL patients. This is most likely secondary to changes in practice and more utilization of TKIs. On the other hand, MLL rearrangement is associated with infantile MPAL and has a dismal prognosis.
Chronic infection and inflammation induce reactive dysplasia and neoplasia in mouse prostate
Authors: Johny E. Elkahwaji, Weixiong Zhong, Dale E. Bjorling, Wade Bushman
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

1472  Introduction and Objective: Prostate cancer remains a major public health concern in the United States. Etiologic factors that initiate and enhance the progression of this malignancy are beginning to emerge, with strong evidence that chronic inflammation and uncontrolled cell proliferation are linked to prostate carcinogenesis. We hypothesized that oxidative stress induced by chronic E. coli infection and subsequent inflammation might induce a reactive dysplasia that could evolve into a neoplastic process in the mouse prostate. Methods: Twelve weeks old male C3H/HeOuJ mice were anaesthetized with isoflurane and inoculated intraurethrally with 2x106E. coli 1677. Control mice were inoculated with PBS. Mice were sacrificed at five days, 12 and 26 weeks after inoculation. Prostate tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and evaluated by light microscopy for inflammatory responses and histological changes. Oxidative DNA damage, cell proliferation, epithelial cell adhesion, and androgen receptor (AR) expression were analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining using antibodies against 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine, Ki-67, E-cadherin, and AR, respectively. Results: All infected animals exhibited bacterial prostatitis at each time point. Control mice had no prostate infections or inflammation at any timepoint. Mice infected for 5 days showed foci of acute inflammation with infiltrating neutrophils and epithelial necrotic debris in the prostatic glandular lumen. All mice infected for 12 weeks had evidence of chronic prostatic inflammation with dense inflammatory infiltrates in the stroma. The prostatic glandular epithelium showed varying degrees of atypical hyperplasia with increased epithelial cell layers, cytological atypia, and dysplastic changes of glandular architecture. Chronic inflammation persisted 26 weeks after infection. The dysplastic changes were more pronounced at this stage, nearly replacing the normal glandular architecture, and mimicking the appearance of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Prostatic glands exhibiting reactive dysplasia had stronger staining for oxidative DNA damage, increased epithelial cell proliferation, and decreased E-cadherin and AR expression compared to normal and hyperplastic glands. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that infection-induced chronic prostatic inflammation can produce reactive epithelial hyperplasia and prostatic glandular atypia that resembles a prostate cancer precursor lesion. These observations associated with evidence of oxidative stress lend credence to the proposed linkage between chronic bacterial inflammation, oxidative stress damage and prostatic neoplasia.
96O Adjuvant trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) vs trastuzumab (T) in patients (pts) with residual invasive disease after neoadjuvant therapy for HER2+ breast cancer: Subgroup analysis from KATHERINE
Authors: S. Loibl, C-S. Huang, M.S. Mano, T.P. Mamounas, C.E. Geyer, M. Untch, G. von Minckwitz, J-C. Thery, I. Schwaner, S. Limentani, N. Loman, K. Lübbe, J.C. Chang, T. Hatschek, D. Tesarowski, T. Boulet, C. Wiese, C. Song, N. Wolmark
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Discovery of new epigenomics-based biomarkers and the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Davin Lee, Yoon Ha Choi, Jinsoo Seo, Jong Kyoung Kim, Sung Bae Lee
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2020)

Treatment options for many neurodegenerative diseases are limited due to the lack of early diagnostic procedures that allow timely delivery of therapeutic agents to affected neurons prior to cell death. While notable advances have been made in neurodegenerative disease biomarkers, whether or not the biomarkers discovered to date are useful for early diagnosis remains an open question. Additionally, the reliability of these biomarkers has been disappointing, due in part to the large dissimilarities between the tissues traditionally used to source biomarkers and primarily diseased neurons. In this article, we review the potential viability of atypical epigenetic and/or consequent transcriptional alterations (ETAs) as biomarkers of early-stage neurodegenerative disease, and present our perspectives on the discovery and practical use of such biomarkers in patient-derived neural samples using single-cell level analyses, thereby greatly enhancing the reliability of biomarker application.
Abstract 13209: Human CD271+ Adipose-Derived Stem Cells are the Angiogenic Subset With MTOR Expression and Long-Term Engraftment Capacity
Authors: Oto Inoue, Soichiro Usui, Kosei Yamaguchi, Yusuke Takeda, Ayano Nomura, Takuto Hamaoka, Chiaki Goten, Shin-ichiro Takashima, Hiroshi Ootsuji, Kenji Iino, Hisayoshi Murai, Kenji Sakata, Masa-aki Kawashiri, Hirofumi Takemura, Masayuki Takamura
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Therapeutic angiogenesis using adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) is an attractive strategy for cardiovascular diseases. To improve the efficacy of ADSC therapy, the angiogenic subset...
Validation of the MASK‐air app for assessment of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Joaquín Sastre, Alfonso del Cuvillo, Carlos Colás, Ana M. Navarro, Jean Bousquet, Antonio Valero, Joaquim Mullol
Journal: Allergy (2020)

Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
COVID-19: consequences for higher education
Authors: Talha Khan Burki
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2020)

The COVID-19 pandemic has already cost UK universities an estimated £790 million. The shutdown has meant that accommodation, catering, and conference income has evaporated. A similar situation is evolving in the USA. In the 2017 fiscal year, the US higher education sector earned about US$44·6 billion in so-called auxiliary revenues, such as bookstores, halls of residence, and summer camps. The figure for this year is likely to be nearer $30 billion. Meanwhile, Australia expects its higher education sector to lose somewhere in the region of AUS$3–4·6 billion for the 2019–20 academic year.