tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 11974: The Prognosis of Patients With the Long-Term Cardiac Rehabilitation: The Large Cohort Study of Long-Term Cardiac Rehabilitation Among Patients With Cardiovascular Disease (L-CREAM Study)
Authors: Atsuko Nakayama, Masatoshi Nagayama, Hiroyuki Morita, Yukari Uemura, Issei Komuro, Mitsuaki Isobe
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: The cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is strongly recommended for patients with cardiovascular diseases, but there are few studies of the long-term exercise training and no large-scale cons...
Avoiding ageism and promoting independence from reference equations in lung function testing of older adults
Authors: Johannes A. Luoto, Mats Pihlsgård
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>The proportion of examinations with less than three manoeuvres or how this influenced the results was not presented, so the question is therefore merited. As can be seen, there was little or no difference in outcome.</b>http://bit.ly/2S9XqZe
The Relationship Between White Matter Microstructure and General Cognitive Ability in Patients With Schizophrenia and Healthy Participants in the ENIGMA Consortium
Authors: Laurena Holleran, Sinead Kelly, Clara Alloza, Ingrid Agartz, Ole A. Andreassen, Celso Arango, Nerisa Banaj, Vince Calhoun, Dara Cannon, Vaughan Carr, Aiden Corvin, David C. Glahn, Ruben Gur, Elliot Hong, Cyril Hoschl, Fleur M. Howells, Anthony James, Joost Janssen, Peter Kochunov, Stephen M. Lawrie, Jingyu Liu, Covadonga Martinez, Colm McDonald, Derek Morris, David Mothersill, Christos Pantelis, Fabrizio Piras, Steven Potkin, Paul E. Rasser, David Roalf, Laura Rowland, Theodore Satterthwaite, Ulrich Schall, Gianfranco Spalletta, Filip Spaniel, Dan J. Stein, Anne Uhlmann, Aristotle Voineskos, Andrew Zalesky, Theo G.M. van Erp, Jessica A. Turner, Ian J. Deary, Paul M. Thompson, Neda Jahanshad, Gary Donohoe
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2020)

Schizophrenia has recently been associated with widespread white matter microstructural abnormalities, but the functional effects of these abnormalities remain unclear. Widespread heterogeneity of results from studies published to date preclude any definitive characterization of the relationship between white matter and cognitive performance in schizophrenia. Given the relevance of deficits in cognitive function to predicting social and functional outcomes in schizophrenia, the authors carried out a meta-analysis of available data through the ENIGMA Consortium, using a common analysis pipeline, to elucidate the relationship between white matter microstructure and a measure of general cognitive performance, IQ, in patients with schizophrenia and healthy participants.The meta-analysis included 760 patients with schizophrenia and 957 healthy participants from 11 participating ENIGMA Consortium sites. For each site, principal component analysis was used to calculate both a global fractional anisotropy component (gFA) and a fractional anisotropy component for six long association tracts (LA-gFA) previously associated with cognition.Meta-analyses of regression results indicated that gFA accounted for a significant amount of variation in cognition in the full sample (effect size [Hedges' g]=0.27, CI=0.17-0.36), with similar effects sizes observed for both the patient (effect size=0.20, CI=0.05-0.35) and healthy participant groups (effect size=0.32, CI=0.18-0.45). Comparable patterns of association were also observed between LA-gFA and cognition for the full sample (effect size=0.28, CI=0.18-0.37), the patient group (effect size=0.23, CI=0.09-0.38), and the healthy participant group (effect size=0.31, CI=0.18-0.44).This study provides robust evidence that cognitive ability is associated with global structural connectivity, with higher fractional anisotropy associated with higher IQ. This association was independent of diagnosis; while schizophrenia patients tended to have lower fractional anisotropy and lower IQ than healthy participants, the comparable size of effect in each group suggested a more general, rather than disease-specific, pattern of association.
Complete response to anti-PD-L1 antibody in a metastatic bladder cancer associated with novel MSH4 mutation and microsatellite instability
Authors: Yuanquan Yang, Rohit K Jain, Sean T Glenn, Bo Xu, Prashant K Singh, Lei Wei, Qiang Hu, Mark Long, Nicholas Hutson, Jianming Wang, Sebastiano Battaglia, Saby George
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Background Microsatellite instability (MSI) occurs in 3% of urothelial carcinomas as a result of germline or somatic loss of function mutation in mismatch repair (MMR) proteins.1 Although MSH4 is a member of the DNA MMR mutS family, the association of MSH4 mutation with MSI has not been described. We report a complete responder to PD-L1 blockade who had MSH4 mutated metastatic bladder cancer with mixed histology and MSI. The genomics of urothelial, plasmacytoid and squamous histology was characterized individually through microdissection. Case presentation An 81-year-old man was diagnosed with metastatic urothelial carcinoma 8 months after a cystectomy for muscle invasive bladder cancer. His disease was primary refractory to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy but attained complete response to second-line atezolizumab. PCR-based assay revealed MSI high. The tumor mutational burden was elevated to 36.7 mut/Mb. However, immunohistochemistry of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 was intact. Whole exome sequencing confirmed that the above mentioned four classic MMR genes were wild type but revealed a deleterious MSH4 L359I mutation with variant allele fraction of 30% and Polyphen2 score of 0.873. The association of MSH4 alterations and MSI-H was independently verified in two publicly available MSI-H colorectal cancer datasets. Conclusions The novel MSH4 L359I mutation is associated with MSI and high mutational burden leading to remarkable response to PD-L1 blockade. More studies are warranted to establish the causality relationship between MSH4 and MSI.
Governmental Public Health Powers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin, Lindsay F. Wiley
Journal: JAMA (2020)

The president and all 50 governors have declared health emergencies to combat the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While researchers race for vaccines, officials are implementing physical distancing, including orders to stay at home, restrict travel, and close non-essential businesses. To limit cross-border spread, a few states have issued mandatory quarantines for interstate travelers. Models suggest physical distancing would have to persist for 3 months to mitigate peak impacts on health systems and could continue on an intermittent basis for 12-18 months. What legal powers do governments have? What is the role of the courts? How can we balance public health with personal and economic rights?
循環器病の診断と治療に関するガイドライン(2001-2002年度合同研究班報告)感染性心内膜炎の予防と治療に関するガイドライン | 文献情報 | J-GLOBAL 科学技術総合リンクセンター
Authors: 宮武邦夫, 赤石誠, 川副浩平, 中沢誠, 中村憲司, 丹羽公一郎, 吉川純一, 吉田清, 石塚尚子
Journal: Circulation (2003)
Use of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Every Clinician Should Know
Authors: Jinoos Yazdany, Alfred H.J. Kim
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

I n the desperate search to find effective treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 2 generic drugs, used largely by rheumatologists and dermatologists to treat immune-mediated diseases, have entered the spotlight.The antimalarials hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) have demonstrated antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro and in small, poorly controlled or uncontrolled clinical studies (1-3).Normally, such research would be deemed hypothesisgenerating at best.A tweet by President Trump on 21 March 2020 claiming that the combination of HCQ and azithromycin "ha[s] a real chance to be one of the biggest game changers in the history of medicine" accelerated a worldwide run on the drugs, with pharmacies reporting shortages within 24 hours.Here, we try to provide guidance regarding clinical decision making both for patients with COVID-19 and those with immune-mediated conditions, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and strategies to mitigate further harm to these patients.Data to support the use of HCQ and CQ for COVID-19 are limited and inconclusive.The drugs have some in vitro activity against several viruses, including coronaviruses and influenza, but previous randomized trials in patients with influenza have been negative (4, 5).In COVID-19, one small nonrandomized study from France (3) (discussed elsewhere in Annals of Internal Medicine [6]) demonstrated benefit but had serious methodological flaws, and a follow-up study still lacked a control group.Yet, another very small, randomized study from China in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 found no difference in recovery rates (7).Sadly, reports of adverse events have increased, with several countries reporting poisonings and at least 1 death reported in a patient who drank fish tank cleaner because of its CQ content.Antimalarial drugs can cause ventricular arrhythmias, QT prolongation, and other cardiac toxicity, which may pose particular risk to critically ill persons.Given these serious potential adverse effects, the hasty and inappropriate interpretation of the literature by public leaders has potential to do serious harm.At this time of crisis, it is our ethical obligation as physicians and researchers to organize and refer patients to expedited, well-performed randomized trials that can clarify if, when, and for whom antimalarial medications are helpful in COVID-19.As of this writing, 10 such trials are under way, and information should be forthcoming within weeks.Whereas the evidence supporting the use of antimalarial medications for COVID-19 is equivocal, the evidence for the use of these drugs to treat immune-
Abstract P2-08-25: The 5-years conditional disease free survival and overal survival for breast cancer patients in Korea
Authors: Jee Hyun Ahn, Seok Jin Nam, Seok Won Kim, Jeong Eon Lee, Byung-Joo Chae, Se Kyung Lee, Jai Min Ryu, Jonghan Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Background: Most of breast cancer patients survive for a long-term period. The existing assessment of survivors’ prognosis has had some limitations in breast cancer because it is based on an evaluation at the time of diagnosis. Conditional survival reflects change over time after diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Conditional disease-free survival (CDFS) and conditional overall survival (COS) can provide more accurate prognosis to breast cancer patients. In this study, we aimed to determine 5-years CDFS and COS according to disease-free period after diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in Korea. Method: We retrospectively reviewed clinical data of 5664 patients aged 16 to 86 who underwent curative surgery for breast cancer between January 2000 and December 2008 at Samsung Medical Center, a single tertiary hospital in Korea. The CDFS and COS rates were based on cumulative DFS and OS estimates up to 15 years using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: At baseline, each 5-years DFS and OS were 88.0% and 93.8%. For patients who kept disease free status from 1 to 9 years after surgery, the 5-years CDFS rates were calculated as 88.7%, 90.7%, 91.6%, 91.1%, 91.5%, 91.0%, 89.5%, 86.1% and 86.1%, respectively. The 5-year COS rates of the patients who had survived from 1 to 9 years after surgical treatment were calculated as 92.6%, 92.1%, 91.2%, 91.0%, 89.4%, 85.6%, 80.7%, 75.3%, and 73.0%, respectively. Conclusion: Our study showed that 5-years CDFS and COS for most patients who have breast cancer in Korea seemed to be good prognosis for a long time. However, cancer recurrence tended to occur after a long period postoperatively. Further study is required to identify risk factors associated with recurrence after several years in Korean breast cancer patients. Citation Format: Jee Hyun Ahn, Seok Jin Nam, Seok Won Kim, Jeong Eon Lee, Byung-Joo Chae, Se Kyung Lee, Jai Min Ryu, Jonghan Yu. The 5-years conditional disease free survival and overal survival for breast cancer patients in Korea [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-08-25.
Survival after checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic acral, mucosal and uveal melanoma
Authors: Nicholas D. Klemen, Melinda Wang, Jill C. Rubinstein, Kelly Olino, James Clune, Stephan Ariyan, Charles Cha, Sarah A. Weiss, Harriet M. Kluger, Mario Sznol
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Background Checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) are thought to be effective against cutaneous melanoma in part because of the large burden of somatic mutations (neoantigens) generated from exposure to ultraviolet radiation. However, rare melanoma subtypes arising from acral skin, mucosal surfaces, and the uveal tract are largely sun-shielded. Genomic studies show these sun-shielded melanomas have a paucity of neoantigens and unique biology; they are thought to be largely resistant to immunotherapy. It has not been definitively shown that CPI improves survival in metastatic sun-shielded melanoma. Methods We reviewed a single institutional experience using antibodies against CTLA-4, PD-1 and/or PD-L1 to treat patients with metastatic melanoma. Primary tumor histology was categorized as cutaneous, unknown, acral, mucosal, or uveal. We studied demographic data, treatment characteristics, and overall survival (OS) after CPI. Results We treated 428 patients with metastatic melanoma from 2007 to 2019. Primary tumors were cutaneous in 283 (66%), unknown in 55 (13%), acral in 22 (5%), mucosal in 38 (9%), and uveal in 30 (7%). Patients with metastatic disease from cutaneous primary tumors had median OS after CPI of 45 months compared with 17 months for acral (p=0.047), 18 months for mucosal (p=0.003), and 12 months for uveal (p&lt;0.001). For all patients with sun-shielded melanoma (n=90), first treatment with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 was followed by a median OS of 9 months compared with 18 months after anti-CTLA-4 (p=0.010) and 20 months after combination therapy (p=0.003). There were 21 patients who achieved actual 3-year survival; 20 received both anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1, either sequentially or in combination. Over 80% of 3-year survivors with progressive disease were treated with local therapy after CPI. Conclusions Long survival in patients with metastatic melanoma from acral, mucosal, and uveal primary tumors was associated with receipt of both anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies. Complete responses were rare, and local therapy was frequently employed to control disease progression. While sun-shielded melanomas exhibit worse outcomes after CPI than cutaneous melanomas, with an aggressive multidisciplinary approach, 5-year survival is still possible for 25%–32% of these patients.
Changes in frailty are associated with waitlist mortality in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Jennifer C. Lai, Jennifer L. Dodge, Matthew R. Kappus, Michael A. Dunn, Michael L. Volk, Andres Duarte-Rojo, Daniel R. Ganger, Robert S. Rahimi, Charles E. McCulloch, Christine E. Haugen, Mara McAdams-DeMarco, Daniela P. Ladner, Dorry L. Segev, Elizabeth C. Verna
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Abstract P4-12-33: Frequency of radiation-induced malignancies post-adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer in patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome
Authors: Anh N Le, Jacquelyn Powers, Kristin Zelley, Angela Bradbury, Payal Shah, Gary Freedman, Katherine Nathanson, Susan M Domchek, Suzanne P MacFarland, Kara N Maxwell
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Background. Women with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), a cancer predisposition syndrome caused by germline mutations in TP53, have an over 50% risk of developing breast cancer (BC) by age 70. Providers often avoid adjuvant radiotherapy to treat BC in LFS patients due to a reported high risk of radiation-induced malignancies of over 30%. We aimed to investigate the characteristics of LFS-associated BC and the risk of subsequent malignancy in BC patients with LFS following adjuvant radiotherapy. Methods. A single institution retrospective chart review was conducted for female BC patients with a confirmed germline TP53 mutation. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the frequency of radiation-induced malignancies in LFS patients to non-LFS BC cases reported in the Penn Medicine Cancer Registry (PMCR) (n=6607 patients total, 3863 who received radiation). Results. Among 95 patients with LFS, we identified 51 female BC patients with 74 primary BC diagnoses. Of 51 patients, 57% had a history of BC only, and 25% had BC as their presenting diagnosis of LFS. LFS-associated BCs were predominantly invasive ductal carcinoma (48%) and HER2+ (58%). We analyzed 20 LFS BC patients who underwent adjuvant radiotherapy with an average follow up of 11.1 (2-20) years. Of 18 patients who received radiation in a curative setting, one (6%) patient developed thyroid cancer and one (6%) patient developed sarcoma in the radiation field. The incidence of thyroid cancer did not significantly differ between LFS-associated and non-LFS BCs. The incidence of radiation-induced sarcoma in patients with LFS is significantly higher than in non-LFS BC patients (0.03%, p=0.01). Conclusion. We found a 6% (one in 18 patients) risk of radiation-induced sarcoma in LFS BC patients, lower than the previously reported rate of 33%. Adjuvant radiotherapy should be considered in LFS BC patients when the potential risk for locoregional recurrence (LRR) or the mortality benefit to radiation is greater than 6%. Citation Format: Anh N Le, Jacquelyn Powers, Kristin Zelley, Angela Bradbury, Payal Shah, Gary Freedman, Katherine Nathanson, Susan M Domchek, Suzanne P MacFarland, Kara N Maxwell. Frequency of radiation-induced malignancies post-adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer in patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-12-33.
A Future We Must Dare to Imagine
Authors: Kate Martin
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Migrant and refugee health: Complex health associations among diverse contexts call for tailored and rights-based solutions
Authors: Paul Spiegel, Kolitha Wickramage, Terry McGovern
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2020)

Migration is a natural state of humankind and has been documented throughout history.Some people may flee violence and persecution, while others simply seek a better life.Although migration is often classified into these two basic categories, the reality is more complex and nuanced: people migrate for a myriad of interconnected cultural, economic, religious, ethnic, and political reasons.Depending upon the epoch, migration has been seen in a positive or a negative light.Currently, the terms migrant and refugee have become politically charged and are widely misused for political and populist purposes.However, no matter how migration is portrayed at a specific point in time, it will inexorably continue.Thus, the need to ensure the protection, health, and welfare of people on the move is imperative and provides the rationale for the accompanying PLOS Medicine Special Issue on Refugee and Migrant Health [1].This imperative is not only a matter of humanity and equity but is also necessary for the global economy, as migration is inherently linked to economic growth [2].The governance needed to provide health services to this diverse and widespread group of people-from low-waged migrant workers and undocumented migrants to refugees-is unclear.How can we attain universal health coverage in this complex and uncertain environment?At the 72nd World Health Assembly in May 2019, a global action plan was agreed upon that seeks to establish a "framework of priorities and guiding principles. ..to promote the health of refugees and migrants."The Global Compact on Migration, developed through intergovernmental negotiations and adopted in December 2018, enshrined health as a cross-cutting priority for migration governance.It is, however, unlikely that governments will apply such frameworks, unfortunately.Despite widespread recognition of the numerous migrationrelated health risks, mobile populations are often met with punitive border policies, arbitrary detention, abuse, and extortion and are denied access to healthcare.All too often, government policies prioritize the politics of xenophobia over their responsibilities to act forcefully to counter them.As human beings, migrants are entitled to universal human rights without discrimination, and to the "highest attainable standard of health" according to international law.Migration health remains at the margins of policy prioritization for most governments, and thus universal health coverage remains elusive for the vast majority of migrants and refugees [3].Seeking to raise awareness of the health inequities and different contexts faced by migrants and forcibly displaced persons, as well as to promote research, service, and policy innovation in this area, this Special Issue is devoted to migrant and refugee health in the broadest sense.
Endoscopic closure using over-the-scope clip for delayed colonic perforation after hybrid endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Hiroki Kuwabara, Hideyuki Chiba, Jun Tachikawa, Naoya Okada, Jun Arimoto, Michiko Nakaoka
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

A 68-year-old woman was found to have a flat elevated lesion, which was approximately 20 mm in size and located in the hepatic flexure. The patient underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the lesion, and en bloc resection was achieved without intraoperative perforation ([Fig. 1 a]). A few endoclips were applied prophylactically to close tiny injuries to the muscularis propria ([Fig. 1 b]).
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation: Possible method for respirator disinfection to facilitate reuse during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Iltefat H. Hamzavi, Alexis B. Lyons, Indermeet Kohli, Shanthi Narla, Angela Parks-Miller, Joel M. Gelfand, Henry W. Lim, David M. Ozog
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)