tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Ultra-Widefield Angiography and Diabetic Retinopathy Severity
Authors: Justis P. Ehlers, Alice C. Jiang, Joseph D. Boss, Ming Hu, Natalia Figueiredo, Amy Babiuch, Katherine Talcott, Sumit Sharma, Jenna Hach, Thuy Le, Alison Rogozinski, Leina Lunasco, Jamie L. Reese, Sunil K. Srivastava
Journal: Ophthalmology (2019)
Characteristics of fever and response to antipyretic therapy in military personnel with adenovirus-positive community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Hongseok Yoo, Jimi Oh, Chul Park
Journal: Military Medical Research (2020)

Abstract Background In 2014, an outbreak of adenoviral pneumonia occurred in the Korean military training center. However, there are limited data on the characteristics of the fever and its response to antipyretic therapy in immunocompetent adults with adenovirus-positive community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods The medical records of the patients who were admitted to the Armed Forces Chuncheon Hospital for the treatment of CAP between January 2014 and December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into three groups, namely, the adenovirus-positive (Adv) group, the adenovirus-negative (Non-Adv) group and the unknown pathogen group, according to the results of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and sputum culture used to measure adenovirus and other bacteria or viruses in respiratory specimens. We evaluated and compared the demographics, clinicolaboratory findings and radiological findings upon admission between the two groups. Results Out of the 251 military personnel with CAP during the study periods, 67 were classified into the Adv group, while 134 were classified into the Non-Adv group and 50 were classified into the unknown pathogen group. The patients in the Adv group had a longer duration of fever after admission (3.2 ± 1.6 vs. 1.9 ± 1.2 vs. 2.2 ± 1.5 days, P = 0.018) and symptom onset (5.8 ± 2.2 vs. 3.9 ± 2.5 vs. 3.7 ± 2.0 days, P = 0.006) than patients in the Non-Adv and unknown pathogen groups, respectively. The patients in the Adv group had a higher mean temperature at admission (37.8 ± 0.3 vs. 37.3 ± 0.3 vs. 37.3 ± 0.3, P = 0.005), and more patients were observed over 40 and 39 to 40(14.9% vs. 2.2% vs. 4.0%, 35.8% vs. 3.7% vs. 6.0%, P &lt; 0.001) than those in the Non-Adv and unknown pathogen groups, respectively. The Adv group more commonly had no response or exhibited adverse events after antipyretic treatment compared to the Non-Adv group (17.9% vs. 1.5%, 35.0% vs. 4.3%, P &lt; 0.001, P = 0.05, respectively). In addition, the time from admission to overall clinical stabilization was significantly longer in the patients in the Adv group than in those in the Non-Adv group (4.3 ± 2.8 vs. 2.9 ± 1.8 days, P = 0.034, respectively). Furthermore, no significant difference in the length of hospital stay was observed between the two groups, and no patient died in either group. Conclusion In this study, Adv-positive CAP in immunocompetent military personnel patients had distinct fever characteristics and responses to antipyretic treatment.
Regression to Normal Glucose Regulation in American Indians and Alaska Natives of a Diabetes Prevention Program
Authors: Katherine A. Pratte, Ann Johnson, Janette Beals, Ann Bullock, Spero M. Manson, Luohua Jiang
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

OBJECTIVE This study evaluated whether regression from impaired glucose regulation (IGR) to normal glucose regulation (NGR) after 1 year of a lifestyle intervention reduces diabetes risk in American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs). In addition, we sought to identify predictors for regression to NGR and understand possible mechanisms for the association between NGR and future diabetes risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data from participants enrolled from 2006 to 2009 in the Special Diabetes Program for Indians Diabetes Prevention Program with IGR at baseline and an oral glucose tolerance test at year 1 were analyzed (N = 1,443). Cox regression models were used to estimate the subsequent diabetes risk (year 1 to year 3) by year 1 glucose status. Mediation analysis was used to estimate the proportions of the association between year 1 glycemic status and diabetes risk explained by specific factors. RESULTS Those who reverted to NGR at year 1 (38%) had lower diabetes risk than those with sustained IGR (adjusted hazard ratio 0.28, 95% CI 0.12–0.67). The lower risk associated with regression to NGR was explained by both baseline risk factors and differences in weight loss. Metformin use, weight loss, and an increase in exercise were modifiable risk factors associated with higher odds of regression to NGR. CONCLUSIONS Patients with prediabetes who reverted to NGR had a reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes over the next 2 years. Both baseline and modifiable risk factors explained the risk reduction associated with NGR.
Phylogenomics Reveals an Ancient Hybrid Origin of the Persian Walnut
Authors: Bo-Wen Zhang, Lin-Lin Xu, Nan Li, Peng-Cheng Yan, Xin-Hua Jiang, Keith E Woeste, Kui Lin, Susanne S Renner, Da-Yong Zhang, Wei-Ning Bai
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2019)

Persian walnut (Juglans regia) is cultivated worldwide for its high-quality wood and nuts, but its origin has remained mysterious because in phylogenies it occupies an unresolved position between American black walnuts and Asian butternuts. Equally unclear is the origin of the only American butternut, J. cinerea. We resequenced the whole genome of 80 individuals from 19 of the 22 species of Juglans and assembled the genome of its relatives Pterocarya stenoptera and Platycarya strobilacea. Using phylogenetic-network analysis of single-copy nuclear genes, genome-wide site pattern probabilities, and Approximate Bayesian Computation, we discovered that J. regia (and its landrace J. sigillata) arose as a hybrid between the American and the Asian lineages and that J. cinerea resulted from massive introgression from an immigrating Asian butternut into the genome of an American black walnut. Approximate Bayesian Computation modeling placed the hybrid origin in the late Pliocene, ∼3.45 My, with both parental lineages since having gone extinct in Europe.
Smartphone-based migraine behavioral therapy: a single-arm study with assessment of mental health predictors
Authors: Mia T. Minen, Samrachana Adhikari, Elizabeth K. Seng, Thomas Berk, Sarah Jinich, Scott W. Powers, Richard B. Lipton
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2019)

Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) is an under-utilized Level A evidence-based treatment for migraine prevention. We studied the feasibility and acceptability of smartphone application (app)-based PMR for migraine in a neurology setting, explored whether app-based PMR might reduce headache (HA) days, and examined potential predictors of app and/or PMR use. In this single-arm pilot study, adults with ICHD3 migraine, 4+ HA days/month, a smartphone, and no prior behavioral migraine therapy in the past year were asked to complete a daily HA diary and do PMR for 20 min/day for 90 days. Outcomes were: adherence to PMR (no. and duration of audio plays) and frequency of diary use. Predictors in the models were baseline demographics, HA-specific variables, baseline PROMIS (patient-reported outcomes measurement information system) depression and anxiety scores, presence of overlapping pain conditions studied and app satisfaction scores at time of enrollment. Fifty-one patients enrolled (94% female). Mean age was 39 ± 13 years. The majority (63%) had severe migraine disability at baseline (MIDAS). PMR was played 22 ± 21 days on average. Mean/session duration was 11 ± 7 min. About half (47%) of uses were 1+ time/week and 35% of uses were 2+ times/week. There was a decline in use/week. On average, high users (PMR 2+ days/week in the first month) had 4 fewer days of reported HAs in month 2 vs. month 1, whereas low PMR users (PMR < 2 days/week in the first month) had only 2 fewer HA days in month 2. PROMIS depression score was negatively associated with the log odds of using the diary at least once (vs. no activity) in a week (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = [0.55, 0.85]) and of doing the PMR at least once in a week (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = [0.68, 0.91]). PROMIS anxiety was positively associated with using the diary at least once every week (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = [1.09, 1.73]) and with doing the PMR at least once every week (OR = 1.14 [95% CI = [1.02, 1.31]). In conclusion, about half of participants used smartphone-based PMR intervention based upon a brief, initial introduction to the app. App use was associated with reduction in HA days. Higher depression scores were negatively associated with diary and PMR use, whereas higher anxiety scores were positively associated.
MMP2/MMP9-mediated CD100 shedding is crucial for inducing intrahepatic anti-HBV CD8 T cell responses and HBV clearance
Authors: Shangqing Yang, Lu Wang, Wen Pan, Wibke Bayer, Christine Thoens, Kathrin Heim, Ulf Dittmer, Joerg Timm, Qin Wang, Qing Yu, Jinzhuo Luo, Yanan Liu, Maike Hofmann, Robert Thimme, Xiaoyong Zhang, Hongtao Chen, Hua Wang, Xuemei Feng, Xuecheng Yang, Yinping Lu, Mengji Lu, Dongliang Yang, Jia Liu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
Abstract 12329: Novel High-Throughput ELISAs to Measure ApoC-III on ApoB-100, ApoA-I and Lp(a): Reduction in Lipoprotein-Associated ApoC-III Levels With Volanesorsen (ISIS-APOC-IIIRx) Antisense Therapy to ApoC-III in a Phase 2 Randomized Trial
Authors: Xiaohong Yang, Sang-Rok Lee, Yun-Seok Choi, Veronica J Alexander, Qingqing Yang, Joseph L Witztum, Sotirios Tsimikas
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Elevated apolipoprotein C-III (APOC-III) levels are associated with hypertriglyceridemia and are causally associated with cardiovascular events. ApoC-III present on LDL and HDL particles predicts increased cardiovascular risk. Objectives: Traditional methods to detect apoC-III on LDL or HDL density fractions utilize labor-intensive immunoprecipitation of apoC-III and/or ultracentifugation methods. We developed high-throughput sandwich chemiluminescent ELISAs to detect apoC-III on individual lipoproteins in plasma. Methods: Monoclonal antibodies MB47, LPA4 and goat anti-human apoA-I were plated to capture apoB-100, Lp(a) and apoA-I lipoproteins, respectively, and the content of apoC-III on each was detected with an anti-apoC-III monoclonal antibody. ApoC-III-apoB-100, apoCIII-Lp(a) and apoC-III-apoA-I complexes were measured at baseline and day 57, 92 and 176 in 77 patients with hypertriglyceridemia treated with 100, 200, 300mg volanesorsen (ISIS-APOC-IIIRx), a generation 2.0+ antisense drug to apoC-III or placebo, for 85 days. Results: The ELISAs detected apoC-III-apoB, apoC-III-apoA-I and apoCIII-Lp(a) with high signal-to-noise ratios. Compared to placebo, a dose-response effect was noted with volanesorsen at day 92 with 84.2±10.1%, 80.7±16.6%, and 80.7±14.3% reductions in ApoC-III-apoB, apoCIII-Lp(a) and apoC-III-apoA-I, respectively (300 mg dose; p&lt;0.001 for all), and return to baseline by day 176. Strong correlations in all assay measures were noted with changes in total plasma apoC-III and triglycerides. Conclusions: Novel high-throughput ELISAs were developed to detect lipoprotein-associated apoC-III, including for the first time on Lp(a). Volanesorsen uniformly lowers apoC-III on apoB-100, Lp(a) and apoA-I. Ongoing studies with cardiovascular endpoints will define whether lipoprotein-associated apoC-III biomarkers have prognostic utility and/or can be targets of apoC-III-directed therapy.
Abstract 15930: Peripheral Vascular Function Phenotype Predicts New Diabetic Retinopathy Development in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Authors: Nikolaos Gouliopoulos, Alexios S Antonopoulos, Gerasimos Siasos, Evangelos Oikonomou, Theodosia Konsola, Zoi Siasou, Emmanouil Vavouranakis, Nikolaos Tentolouris, Christodoulos Stefanadis, Dimitris Tousoulis
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Strict glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) provides debatable benefits against progression of microvascular disease. Assessment of arterial elastic properties and...
Unique Neoantigens Arise from Somatic Mutations in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancers
Authors: Maria R. Parkhurst, Paul F. Robbins, Eric Tran, Todd D. Prickett, Jared J. Gartner, Li Jia, Gabriel Ivey, Yong F. Li, Mona El-Gamil, Almin Lalani, Jessica S. Crystal, Abraham Sachs, Eric Groh, Satyajit Ray, Lien T. Ngo, Scott Kivitz, Anna Pasetto, Rami Yossef, Frank J. Lowery, Stephanie L. Goff, Winifred Lo, Gal Cafri, Drew C. Deniger, Parisa Malekzadeh, Mojgan Ahmadzadeh, John R. Wunderlich, Robert P.T. Somerville, Steven A. Rosenberg
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2019)

Abstract Immunotherapies can mediate regression of human tumors with high mutation rates, but responses are rarely observed in patients with common epithelial cancers. This raises the question of whether patients with these common cancers harbor T lymphocytes that recognize mutant proteins expressed by autologous tumors that may represent ideal targets for immunotherapy. Using high-throughput immunologic screening of mutant gene products identified via whole-exome sequencing, we identified neoantigen-reactive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from 62 of 75 (83%) patients with common gastrointestinal cancers. In total, 124 neoantigen-reactive TIL populations were identified, and all but one of the neoantigenic determinants were unique. The results of in vitro T-cell recognition assays demonstrated that 1.6% of the gene products encoded by somatic nonsynonymous mutations were immunogenic. These findings demonstrate that the majority of common epithelial cancers elicit immune recognition and open possibilities for cell-based immunotherapies for patients bearing these cancers. Significance: TILs cultured from 62 of 75 (83%) patients with gastrointestinal cancers recognized neoantigens encoded by 1.6% of somatic mutations expressed by autologous tumor cells, and 99% of the neoantigenic determinants appeared to be unique and not shared between patients. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 983
Alcohol Use Disorder and Risk of Pneumonia
Authors: Suzanne F. Bradley
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

Niyati M. Gupta, MD; Peter K. Lindenauer, MD, MSc; Pei-Chun Yu, MS; Peter B. Imrey, PhD; Sarah Haessler, MD; Abhishek Deshpande, MD, PhD; Thomas L. Higgins, MD, MBA; Michael B. Rothberg, MD, MPH
Abstract 14372: MRI Assessment of Myocardial Perfusion, Viability and Function Following VEGF Revascularization in the Left Circumflex Coronary Artery Ligated Rabbit
Authors: Nguyen Hoang, Heather R Curtis, Spencer B Dowdle, Norman Hu, Kyle H Sabey, Henry R Buswell, Edward Dibella, David A Bull
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Strategies are being developed to limit reperfusion injury and enhance revascularization through gene therapy to promote angiogenesis in myocardial infarction. We hypothesized that the post myocard...
银屑病抗‐GM‐CSF 治疗
Authors: K.A. Papp, M. Gooderham, R. Jenkins, R. Vender, J.C. Szepietowski, T. Wagner, B. Hunt, B. Souberbielle
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

银屑病是一种慢性皮肤炎症性疾病。这种疾病最常见的形式是斑块状银屑病,患者身上可能大面积出现突起、发红且通常呈鳞片状的炎症区域。虽然一般不会致命,但银屑病可能会使其他严重疾病的风险增加(如心血管疾病),而且通常导致患者的生活质量大幅降低,造成身体不适(瘙痒、疼痛)、残疾及相关情感创伤。此外,银屑病在世界各地都有出现(许多国家的患者群体高达3%),而且无法通过现有治疗完全治愈。上述问题使这种疾病成为严重的全球负担。粒细胞‐巨噬细胞集落‐刺激因子 (GM‐CSF) 在体内生成,而且对控制身体免疫系统机能及炎症相关过程很重要。因此,本次研究旨在明确阻断中度或重度斑块状银屑病患者体内GM‐CSF的活性是否会使疾病显著改善。从加拿大、丹麦、德国、拉脱维亚和波兰招募了共计122名患者。这些患者在10周内接受namilumab(GM‐CSF阻断剂)或安慰剂(无药效)治疗:在此期间对他们的银屑病进行评估,而且评估在附加2周后完成。值得注意的是,在12周研究期间未发现接受namilumab治疗的患者显著改善,这与在类风湿关节炎患者中进行的类似研究中出现的疗效截然不同。上述研究结果提示GM‐CSF对这两种疾病的不同作用,而且表明单纯阻断 GM‐CSF活性不能充分有效地治疗斑块状银屑病。
Re: Gillian Vandekerkhove, Werner J. Struss, Matti Annala, et al. Circulating Tumor DNA Abundance and Potential Utility in De Novo Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2019;75:667–75
Authors: Rodolfo Montironi, Liang Cheng, Marina Scarpelli, Alessia Cimadamore, Francesco Montorsi, Antonio Lopez-Beltran
Journal: European Urology (2019)
The Future of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography
Authors: Edward D. Nicol, Bjarne L. Norgaard, Philipp Blanke, Amir Ahmadi, Jonathon Weir-McCall, Pal Maurovich Horvat, Kelly Han, Jeroen J. Bax, Jonathon Leipsic
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2019)
<i>T-box protein 4</i> mutation causing pulmonary arterial hypertension and lung disease
Authors: Arnaud Maurac, Émilie Lardenois, Mélanie Eyries, Maria Rosa Ghigna, Isabelle Petit, David Montani, Anne Guillaumot, Brice Caput, François Chabot, Ari Chaouat
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2019)

<b>A 34-year-old woman carrying a TBX4 mutation had pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension, emphysema like lesions and parenchymal lung fibrotic densification. TBX4 can be a complex cause of pulmonary hypertension in adults.</b>http://bit.ly/2WLu0Rt
Re: Hepatocellular Carcinoma Mimicking Neuroendocrine Tumor Metastasis on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT
Authors: Luca Filippi, Oreste Bagni, Orazio Schillaci
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

∗Nuclear Medicine Unit “Santa Maria Goretti” Hospital Latina, Italy [email protected] †Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University Tor Vergata Rome, Italy ‡IRCCS Neuromed Pozzilli, Italy Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared.
Does a Diagnosis of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in a Child Always Require Antibiotics?—Reply
Authors: Alison C. Tribble, Rachael K. Ross, Jeffrey S. Gerber
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2019)

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Abstract 12647: Is Estimation of Lp(a)-C Accurate Enough for Clinical Use?
Authors: Vasanth Sathiyakumar, Jihwan Park, Eliseo Guallar, Mariana Lazo, Raul D Santos, Peter P Toth, Steven R Jones, Seth S Martin
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Estimating the cholesterol concentration of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)-C) may be of clinical value, since calculated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) also contains Lp(a)-C. Rece...
“Snare-ectomy” of an early carcinoma in the cardia – a landmark for therapeutic endoscopy
Authors: Naohisa Yahagi, Yutaka Saito
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

From its early beginnings endoscopy represented a quantum leap in diagnosis because of its ability to visualize a target lesion, and its reliability soon increased once it became possible to obtain tissue samples for histological evaluation. However until, at most, 50 years ago endoscopy was not reliable enough for therapeutic purposes as its limited visibility and maneuverability precluded any attempt at precise therapy.
BMA urges Tory leadership candidates to exempt NHS from US trade talks
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2019)

The BMA has written to all candidates in the Conservative Party leadership race, urging them to commit to excluding the NHS from any future trade agreements with the United States.

The US president, Donald Trump, has caused consternation during his state visit to the UK this week after suggesting that the NHS should be “on the table” in any post-Brexit trade talks …
Back to the Future: Rethinking and Retooling IL2 in the Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Era
Authors: Ryan J. Sullivan
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2019)

Abstract Summary: IL2 is a type I cytokine that is associated, when given at high doses intravenously, with durable regressionin a subset of patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, yet high toxicity limits its use. NKTR-214 is a novel pegylated IL2 with minor clinical activity as a single agent, but a favorable toxicity profile and compelling pharmacodynamic effects that predict utility in combination with immune checkpoint inhibition. See related article by Bentebibel et al., p. 711.
Abstract 14497: B Cells are Major Contributors to Aggravated Atherosclerosis Following Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Tin S Kyaw, Peter Kanellakis, Anh Cao, Peter Tipping, Ban-Hock Toh, Alex Bobik
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Patients who survive Myocardial Infarctions (MI) have greatly increased risk of recurrent MI or stroke originating from non-culprit lesions, despite intensive post-MI management. Mouse ...
Characteristics, Prevention, and Management of Cardiovascular Disease in People Living With HIV: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Matthew J. Feinstein, Priscilla Y. Hsue, Laura A. Benjamin, Gerald S. Bloomfield, Judith S. Currier, Matthew S. Freiberg, Steven K. Grinspoon, Jules Levin, Chris T. Longenecker, Wendy S. Post
Journal: Circulation (2019)

As early and effective antiretroviral therapy has become more widespread, HIV has transitioned from a progressive, fatal disease to a chronic, manageable disease marked by elevated risk of chronic comorbid diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Rates of myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and other CVD manifestations, including pulmonary hypertension and sudden cardiac death, are significantly higher for people living with HIV than for uninfected control subjects, even in the setting of HIV viral suppression with effective antiretroviral therapy. These elevated risks generally persist after demographic and clinical risk factors are accounted for and may be partly attributed to chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation. Data on long-term CVD outcomes in HIV are limited by the relatively recent epidemiological transition of HIV to a chronic disease. Therefore, our understanding of CVD pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment in HIV relies on large observational studies, randomized controlled trials of HIV therapies that are underpowered to detect CVD end points, and small interventional studies examining surrogate CVD end points. The purpose of this document is to provide a thorough review of the existing evidence on HIV-associated CVD, in particular atherosclerotic CVD (including myocardial infarction and stroke) and heart failure, as well as pragmatic recommendations on how to approach CVD prevention and treatment in HIV in the absence of large-scale randomized controlled trial data. This statement is intended for clinicians caring for people with HIV, individuals living with HIV, and clinical and translational researchers interested in HIV-associated CVD.