tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Author retracts article from Nature after raising concerns about sponsorship
Authors: Shaun Griffin
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The journal Nature has been forced to retract an article after its author claimed that he was misled about the publication’s financial sponsorship by a Chinese university.

Kenneth Witwer, an associate professor at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, USA, was invited by Nature to contribute a commentary on extracellular RNA to one of its “Outlook” sections, which are sponsored.1 Chen-Yu Zhang, a high profile researcher in the field at Nanjing University, arranged his university’s sponsorship of the supplement and contributed an article himself.

Witwer said on the Retraction Watch website, “My piece was extensively and aggressively edited, almost beyond recognition, and I was instructed specifically to …
Trends in Compensation for Primary Care and Specialist Physicians After Implementation of the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Walter R. Hsiang, Cary P. Gross, Sean Maroongroge, Howard P. Forman
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

This survey study uses data from the Medical Group Management Association's voluntary physician compensation survey from 2008 to 2017 to examine trends in compensation for primary care and specialist physicians after passage of the Affordable Care Act.
Atrial Myocyte NLRP3/CaMKII Nexus Forms a Substrate for Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Jordi Heijman, Azinwi Phina Muna, Tina Veleva, Cristina E. Molina, Henry Sutanto, Marcel Tekook, Qiongling Wang, Issam H. Abu-Taha, Marcel Gorka, Stephan Künzel, Ali El-Armouche, Hermann Reichenspurner, Markus Kamler, Viacheslav Nikolaev, Ursula Ravens, Na Li, Stanley Nattel, Xander H.T. Wehrens, Dobromir Dobrev
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)

Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common and troublesome complication of cardiac surgery. POAF is generally believed to occur when postoperative triggers act on a preexisting vulnerable substrate, but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are largely unknown.To identify cellular POAF mechanisms in right atrial samples from patients without a history of atrial fibrillation undergoing open-heart surgery.Multicellular action potentials, membrane ion-currents (perforated patch-clamp), or simultaneous membrane-current (ruptured patch-clamp) and [Ca2+]i-recordings in atrial cardiomyocytes, along with protein-expression levels in tissue homogenates or cardiomyocytes, were assessed in 265 atrial samples from patients without or with POAF. No indices of electrical, profibrotic, or connexin remodeling were noted in POAF, but Ca2+-transient amplitude was smaller, although spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-release events and L-type Ca2+-current alternans occurred more frequently. CaMKII (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II) protein-expression, CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation of the cardiac RyR2 (ryanodine-receptor channel type-2), and RyR2 single-channel open-probability were significantly increased in POAF. SR Ca2+-content was unchanged in POAF despite greater SR Ca2+-leak, with a trend towards increased SR Ca2+-ATPase activity. Patients with POAF also showed stronger expression of activated components of the NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein-3)-inflammasome system in atrial whole-tissue homogenates and cardiomyocytes. Acute application of interleukin-1β caused NLRP3-signaling activation and CaMKII-dependent RyR2/phospholamban hyperphosphorylation in an immortalized mouse atrial cardiomyocyte cell-line (HL-1-cardiomyocytes) and enhanced spontaneous SR Ca2+-release events in both POAF cardiomyocytes and HL-1-cardiomyocytes. Computational modeling showed that RyR2 dysfunction and increased SR Ca2+-uptake are sufficient to reproduce the Ca2+-handling phenotype and indicated an increased risk of proarrhythmic delayed afterdepolarizations in POAF subjects in response to interleukin-1β.Preexisting Ca2+-handling abnormalities and activation of NLRP3-inflammasome/CaMKII signaling are evident in atrial cardiomyocytes from patients who subsequently develop POAF. These molecular substrates sensitize cardiomyocytes to spontaneous Ca2+-releases and arrhythmogenic afterdepolarizations, particularly upon exposure to inflammatory mediators. Our data reveal a potential cellular and molecular substrate for this important clinical problem.
A Mendelian randomization of γ′ and total fibrinogen levels in relation to venous thromboembolism and ischemic stroke
Authors: Jillian Maners, Dipender Gill, Nathan Pankratz, Michael A. Laffan, Alisa S. Wolberg, Moniek P. M. de Maat, Symen Ligthart, Weihong Tang, Cavin K. Ward-Caviness, Myriam Fornage, Stephanie Debette, Martin Dichgans, Barbara McKnight, Eric Boerwinkle, Nicholas L. Smith, Alanna C. Morrison, Abbas Dehghan, Paul S. de Vries
Journal: Blood (2020)
ERCP in patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: is there a one-procedure-fits-all approach?
Authors: Arvind J. Trindade
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

The obesity epidemic is increasing worldwide and has resulted in an increase in bariatric surgery. The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) remains one of the most commonly performed bariatric procedures [1]. One of the consequences of the surgery is an increased risk of choledocholithiasis. This surgery excludes most of the stomach and the duodenum making conventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) impossible. As a result, there are three main alternative approaches to conventional ERCP: (i) laparoscopic-assisted ERCP (LA-ERCP); (ii) balloon enteroscopy-assisted ERCP (BEA-ERCP); and (iii) endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric ERCP (EDGE).
Female and male US Olympic athletes live 5 years longer than their general population counterparts: a study of 8124 former US Olympians
Authors: Juliana Antero, Hirofumi Tanaka, Quentin De Larochelambert, Maja Pohar-Perme, Jean-François Toussaint
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

Objective To quantify US female and male Olympic athletes’ longevity and the years of life lost or saved due to multiple causes of death as compared with the US general population. Methods Former US athletes who had participated in the summer or winter Olympic Games at least once between 1912 and 2012 were included. Olympians’ date of birth, death and the underlying causes of death were certified by the National Death Index. The Olympians’ overall and cause-specific mortality were compared with the US general population based on the US life tables, adjusted by sex, period and age. Mortality differences between the populations were quantified using the years lost/years saved (YS) method. Results 8124 US Olympians (2301 women and 5823 men) lived 5.1 years longer (YS 95% CI 4.3 to 6.0) than the general population, based on 2309 deaths observed (225 women, 2084 men). Different causes of death contributed to longevity for Olympians as follows: 2.2 years were saved (1.9 to 2.5) from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); cancer, 1.5 years (1.3 to 1.8); respiratory diseases (eg, influenza, pneumonia), 0.8 years (0.7 to 0.9); external causes (eg, accidents, homicides), 0.5 years (0.4 to 0.6); endocrine and metabolic diseases (eg, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia), 0.4 years (0.2 to 0.5) and digestive system diseases (eg, cirrhosis, hepatic failure), 0.3 years (0.2 to 0.4). Mortality rates due to nervous system disorders (eg, Alzheimer’s and Parkinsons’s diseases) and mental illness (eg, dementia, schizophrenia) were not different from the general population. Conclusion US Olympians lived longer than the general population, an advantage mainly conferred by lower risks of CVD and cancer. Nervous system disorders and mental illness did not differ between US Olympians and the general population.
Validity of Medical Record Abstraction and Electronic Health Record–Generated Reports to Assess Performance on Cardiovascular Quality Measures in Primary Care
Authors: Juell Homco, Hélène Carabin, Zsolt Nagykaldi, Tabitha Garwe, F. Daniel Duffy, David Kendrick, Sydney Martinez, Yan Daniel Zhao, Julie Stoner
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. To improve cardiovascular outcomes, primary care must have valid methods of assessing performance on cardiovascular clinical quality measures, including aspirin use (aspirin measure), blood pressure control (BP measure), and smoking cessation counseling and intervention (smoking measure). <h3>Objective</h3> To compare observed performance scores measured using 2 imperfect reference standard data sources (medical record abstraction [MRA] and electronic health record [EHR]–generated reports) with misclassification-adjusted performance scores obtained using bayesian latent class analysis. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cross-sectional study used a subset of the 2016 aspirin, BP, and smoking performance data from the Healthy Hearts for Oklahoma Project. Each clinical quality measure was calculated for a subset of a practice's patient population who can benefit from recommended care (ie, the eligible population). A random sample of 380 eligible patients were included for the aspirin measure; 126, for the BP measure; and 115, for the smoking measure. Data were collected from 21 primary care practices belonging to a single large health care system from January 1 to December 31, 2018, and analyzed from February 21 to April 17, 2019. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The main outcomes include performance scores for the aspirin, BP, and smoking measures using imperfect MRA and EHRs and estimated through bayesian latent class models. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 621 eligible patients were included in the analysis. Based on MRA and EHR data, observed aspirin performance scores were 76.0% (95% bayesian credible interval [BCI], 71.5%-80.1%) and 74.9% (95% BCI, 70.4%-79.1%), respectively; observed BP performance scores, 80.6% (95% BCI, 73.2%-86.9%) and 75.1% (95% BCI, 67.2%-82.1%), respectively; and observed smoking performance scores, 85.7% (95% BCI, 78.6%-91.2%) and 75.4% (95% BCI, 67.0%-82.6%), respectively. Misclassification-adjusted estimates were 74.9% (95% BCI, 70.5%-79.1%) for the aspirin performance score, 75.0% (95% BCI, 66.6%-82.5%) for the BP performance score, and 83.0% (95% BCI, 74.4%-89.8%) for the smoking performance score. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Ensuring valid performance measurement is critical for value-based payment models and quality improvement activities in primary care. This study found that extracting information for the same individuals using different data sources generated different performance score estimates. Further research is required to identify the sources of these differences.
Comparing Apples to Apples for Fibroids
Authors: Elizabeth A Stewart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Hysterectomy remains the one-size-fits-all treatment for uterine fibroids.1 Despite the fact that more than 8000 women have participated in randomized clinical trials that compared uterine-artery embolization with surgery, only a few hundred of these women underwent myomectomy, the uterine-sparing alternative to hysterectomy.2,3 Data are needed to compare outcomes among uterine-sparing options for the treatment of fibroids, and the findings of the FEMME trial (A Randomized Trial of Treating Fibroids with Either Embolisation or Myomectomy to Measure the Effect on Quality of Life Among Women Wishing to Avoid Hysterectomy), reported in this issue of the Journal,4 further this effort. Hysterectomy has . . .
Blood plasma phosphorylated-tau isoforms track CNS change in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Nicolas R. Barthélemy, Kanta Horie, Chihiro Sato, Randall J. Bateman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)

Highly sensitive and specific plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy in the clinic and facilitate research studies including enrollment in prevention and treatment trials. We recently reported CSF tau hyperphosphorylation, especially on T217, is an accurate predictor of β-amyloidosis at asymptomatic and symptomatic stages. In the current study, we determine by mass spectrometry the potential utility of plasma p-tau isoforms to detect AD pathology and investigate CSF and plasma tau isoforms’ profile relationships. Plasma tau was truncated as previously described in CSF. CSF and plasma measures of p-tau-217 and p-tau-181 were correlated. No correlation was found between CSF and plasma on total-tau levels and pS202 measures. We found p-tau-217 and p-tau-181 were highly specific for amyloid plaque pathology in the discovery cohort (n = 36, AUROC = 0.99 and 0.98 respectively). In the validation cohort (n = 92), p-tau-217 measures were still specific to amyloid status (AUROC = 0.92), and p-tau-181 measures were less specific (AUROC = 0.75).
Duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in COVID-19 patients in home isolation, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, 2020 – an interval-censored survival analysis
Authors: Sarah Omar, Christoph Bartz, Sabine Becker, Silke Basenach, Sandra Pfeifer, Corinna Trapp, Hildegard Hamm, Hans Christoph Schlichting, Magdalena Friederichs, Ulrich Koch, Christian Jestrabek, Ernst Hilger, Manfred Vogt, Klaus Jahn, Simiao Chen, Till Bärnighausen, Philipp Zanger
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

We analysed consecutive RT-qPCR results of 537 symptomatic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients in home quarantine. Respectively 2, 3, and 4 weeks after symptom onset, 50%, 25% and 10% of patients had detectable RNA from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). In patients with mild COVID-19, RNA detection is likely to outlast currently known periods of infectiousness by far and fixed time periods seem more appropriate in determining the length of home isolation than laboratory-based approaches.
Gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy versus gastric electrical stimulation in the treatment of refractory gastroparesis: methodologic issues
Authors: Yaqi Zhai, Qian Bi
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

See also:Gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy versus gastric electrical stimulation in the treatment of refractory gastroparesis: a propensity score-matched analysis of long term outcomesEndoscopy 2020; 52(05): 349-358DOI: 10.1055/a-1111-8566See also:Reply to Zhai and BiEndoscopy 2020; 52(08): 712-712DOI: 10.1055/a-1176-1431
Higher Rate of Opioid-Related Stays in Urban Than Rural Hospitals
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cervical cancer screening for individuals at average risk: 2020 guideline update from the American Cancer Society
Authors: Elizabeth T. H. Fontham, Andrew M. D. Wolf, Timothy R. Church, Ruth Etzioni, Christopher R. Flowers, Abbe Herzig, Carmen E. Guerra, Kevin C. Oeffinger, Ya‐Chen Tina Shih, Louise C. Walter, Jane J. Kim, Kimberly S. Andrews, Carol E. DeSantis, Stacey A. Fedewa, Deana Manassaram‐Baptiste, Debbie Saslow, Richard C. Wender, Robert A. Smith
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2020)

Abstract The American Cancer Society (ACS) recommends that individuals with a cervix initiate cervical cancer screening at age 25 years and undergo primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing every 5 years through age 65 years (preferred); if primary HPV testing is not available, then individuals aged 25 to 65 years should be screened with cotesting (HPV testing in combination with cytology) every 5 years or cytology alone every 3 years (acceptable) ( strong recommendation ). The ACS recommends that individuals aged &gt;65 years who have no history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or more severe disease within the past 25 years, and who have documented adequate negative prior screening in the prior 10 years, discontinue all cervical cancer screening ( qualified recommendation ). These new screening recommendations differ in 4 important respects compared with the 2012 recommendations: 1) The preferred screening strategy is primary HPV testing every 5 years, with cotesting and cytology alone acceptable where access to US Food and Drug Administration‐approved primary HPV testing is not yet available; 2) the recommended age to start screening is 25 years rather than 21 years; 3) primary HPV testing, as well as cotesting or cytology alone when primary testing is not available, is recommended starting at age 25 years rather than age 30 years; and 4) the guideline is transitional, ie, options for screening with cotesting or cytology alone are provided but should be phased out once full access to primary HPV testing for cervical cancer screening is available without barriers. Evidence related to other relevant issues was reviewed, and no changes were made to recommendations for screening intervals, age or criteria for screening cessation, screening based on vaccination status, or screening after hysterectomy. Follow‐up for individuals who screen positive for HPV and/or cytology should be in accordance with the 2019 American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology risk‐based management consensus guidelines for abnormal cervical cancer screening tests and cancer precursors.
Patients with refractory catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome respond inconsistently to eculizumab
Authors: Cécile M. Yelnik, Sébastien Miranda, Arsène Mékinian, Estibaliz Lazaro, Thomas Quéméneur, François Provot, Marie Frimat, Sandrine Morell-Dubois, Véronique Le Guern, Eric Hachulla, Nathalie Costedoat-Chalumeau, Marc Lambert
Journal: Blood (2020)
Safety and Clinical Activity of Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab in Patients with Ovarian Cancer: A Phase Ib Study
Authors: John W. Moroney, John Powderly, Christopher H. Lieu, Johanna C. Bendell, S. Gail Eckhardt, Ching-Wei Chang, Luciana Molinero, Jessica Spahn, Patrick Williams, Yvonne G. Lin, F. Stephen Hodi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Atezolizumab has shown antitumor activity in patients with ovarian cancer. Dual blockade of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and VEGF enhances anticancer immunity and augments antitumor activity in several cancers. The safety and efficacy of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab were evaluated in patients with ovarian cancer.In this open-label, multicenter phase Ib study, patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer received intravenous atezolizumab (1,200 mg) and bevacizumab (15 mg/kg) once every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was safety; secondary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR), duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Exploratory biomarkers were also evaluated.Twenty patients received treatment. Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 19 patients (95%); seven (35%) had grade 3/4 events. No grade 5 events occurred. The safety profile of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab was consistent with those of the individual agents. Two patients (10%) discontinued treatment because of pneumonitis and small bowel obstruction. Three patients had partial responses of 11.3-18.9 months' duration; the ORR was 15%. Eight patients (40%) had stable disease, hence the disease control rate was 55%. The median DOR was not reached (95% confidence interval, 11.3-not reached). Median PFS was 4.9 months (range, 1.2-20.2); median OS was 10.2 months (range, 1.2-26.6). No association was seen between treatment response and PD-L1 expression, tumor histology, or number of prior therapies.Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab led to durable responses and/or disease stabilization in some patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer; the safety profiles were consistent with those of each agent.
Use of Cytosponge as a triaging tool to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Massimiliano di Pietro, Ines Modolell, Maria O'Donovan, Catherine Price, Nastazja D Pilonis, Irene Debiram-Beecham, Rebecca C Fitzgerald
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2020)
Cannabidiol for the treatment of cannabis use disorder: a phase 2a, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, adaptive Bayesian trial
Authors: Tom P Freeman, Chandni Hindocha, Gianluca Baio, Natacha D C Shaban, Emily M Thomas, Danica Astbury, Abigail M Freeman, Rachel Lees, Sam Craft, Paul D Morrison, Michael A P Bloomfield, Dominic O'Ryan, Jane Kinghorn, Celia J A Morgan, Ali Mofeez, H Valerie Curran
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2020)
Comparison of Weighted and Unweighted Population Data to Assess Inequities in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Deaths by Race/Ethnicity Reported by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Authors: Tori L. Cowger, Brigette A. Davis, Onisha S. Etkins, Keletso Makofane, Jourdyn A. Lawrence, Mary T. Bassett, Nancy Krieger
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

This cross-sectional study compares the use of weighted and unweighted population data to assess inequities in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths by race/ethnicity as reported by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
PRMT5 Initiates an Epigenetic Program That Promotes Progression of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Zachary A Hing, Jordan N. Skinner, Larry P. Beaver, Tzung-Huei Lai, Casey B. Cempre, Bonnie K. Harrington, Deepa Sampath, Amy M. Lehman, Lianbo Yu, Lapo Alinari, John C. Byrd, Robert A Baiocchi, Rosa Lapalombella
Journal: Blood (2017)
SBRT combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in NSCLC treatment: a focus on the mechanisms, advances, and future challenges
Authors: Yu Chen, Min Gao, Zhaoqin Huang, Jinming Yu, Xiangjiao Meng
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2020)

Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), and others have shown potent clinical efficacy and have revolutionized the treatment protocols of a broad spectrum of tumor types, especially non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite the substantial optimism of treatment with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, there is still a large proportion of patients with advanced NSCLC who are resistant to the inhibitors. Preclinical and clinical trials have demonstrated that radiotherapy can induce a systemic antitumor immune response and have a great potential to sensitize refractory “cold” tumors to immunotherapy. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), as a novel radiotherapy modality that delivers higher doses to smaller target lesions, has shown favorable antitumor effects with significantly improved local and distant control as well as better survival benefits in various solid tumors. Notably, research has revealed that SBRT is superior to conventional radiotherapy, possibly because of its more powerful immune activation effects. Thus, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with SBRT instead of conventional radiotherapy might be more promising to fight against NSCLC, further achieving more favorable survival outcomes. In this review, we focus on the underlying mechanisms and recent advances of SBRT combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with an emphasis on some future challenges and directions that warrant further investigation.