tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P209: Socioeconomic Position is Associated with Cardiovascular Health Following the E-Mechanic Exercise Intervention
Authors: Candice A Myers, Stephanie T Broyles, Corby Martin, Timothy S Church
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. The American Heart Association set national goals for cardiovascular health, including 7 metrics for ideal cardiovascular health. Research has shown that social factors, such as socioeconomic position (i.e., income, education), are important influences on cardiovascular health. Specifically, disparities in cardiovascular health exist between higher and lower socioeconomic positions. We assessed the hypothesis that higher socioeconomic position would be associated with improved cardiovascular health, measured as 4 cardiovascular health factors as outlined by the American Heart Association Life’s Simple 7, following an exercise intervention. This study used data from the Examination of Mechanisms (E-Mechanic) of Exercise-Induced Weight Compensation randomized control trial. Cardiovascular health factors included 1) BMI, 2) cholesterol, 3) glucose, and 4) systolic blood pressure, which were used to create composite cardiovascular health scores based upon ideal (2 points), intermediate (1 point), and poor (0 points) health for each factor for a possible range of 0 points (worst CVH) to 8 points (best CVH). These scores were calculated pre- and post-intervention. The primary covariate, socioeconomic position, was created using principal components analysis with income and educational attainment to produce a single socioeconomic factor that was dichotomized to indicate high socioeconomic position (=1). We also included covariates for age, sex, race, and marital status. Among the 114 participants (21-65 years old; 72% female; 30% black) who received the E-MECHANIC exercise intervention, the mean cardiovascular health factor score pre-intervention was 5.1 points (SD=1.2 points) and post-intervention 5.4 (SD=1.2 points). Regression analysis revealed that the exercise intervention increased cardiovascular health overall (p=0.03). However, participants with higher socioeconomic position had significantly (p=0.002) greater improvement in cardiovascular health factor scores. At baseline participants with higher socioeconomic position had better cardiovascular health, but not significantly better (LS-means difference = 0.38; p=0.35). Yet, after the intervention the difference in cardiovascular health between high and low socioeconomic position participants had increased (LS-means difference = 0.71; p=0.01). Although cardiovascular health improved for all intervention participants, those with higher socioeconomic position demonstrated better improvement in cardiovascular health thusly increasing socioeconomic health disparities. This provides further evidence that in order for interventions to be equally effective among participants consideration should be given to socioeconomic influences and interventions may need to be customized for different populations.
P081 Clinical Characteristics and Molecular Patterns Of RET-Rearranged Lung Cancer in Chinese Patients
Authors: S. Fei, K. Zhang, H. Chen, Y. Wang, L. Yang, C. Zhou, W. Yin, G. Wang, B. Li, T. Zhang, J. Xiang, X. Mao
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2018)
Hepatic Autophagy Deficiency Compromises Farnesoid X Receptor Functionality and Causes Cholestatic Injury
Authors: Bilon Khambu, Tiangang Li, Shengmin Yan, Changshun Yu, Xiaoyun Chen, Michael Goheen, Yong Li, Jingmei Lin, Oscar W. Cummings, Youngmin A. Lee, Scott Friedman, Zheng Dong, Gen‐Sheng Feng, Shangwei Wu, Xiao‐Ming Yin
Journal: Hepatology (2018)

Autophagy is important for hepatic homeostasis, nutrient regeneration, and organelle quality control. We investigated the mechanisms by which liver injury occurred in the absence of autophagy function. We found that mice deficient in autophagy because of the lack of autophagy‐related gene 7 or autophagy‐related gene 5, key autophagy‐related genes, manifested intracellular cholestasis with increased levels of serum bile acids, a higher ratio of tauromuricholic acid/taurocholic acid in the bile, increased hepatic bile acid load, abnormal bile canaliculi, and altered expression of hepatic transporters. In determining the underlying mechanism, we found that autophagy sustained and promoted the basal and up‐regulated expression of farnesoid X receptor (Fxr) in the fed and starved conditions, respectively. Consequently, expression of Fxr and its downstream genes, particularly bile salt export pump, and the binding of FXR to the promoter regions of these genes, were suppressed in autophagy‐deficient livers. In addition, codeletion of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) in autophagy deficiency status reversed the FXR suppression. Furthermore, the cholestatic injury of autophagy‐deficient livers was reversed by enhancement of FXR activity or expression, or by Nrf2 deletion. Conclusion: Together with earlier reports that FXR can suppress autophagy, our findings indicate that autophagy and FXR form a regulatory loop and deficiency of autophagy causes abnormal FXR functionality, leading to the development of intracellular cholestasis and liver injury.
Abstract 14756: Local Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness in Left Anterior Descending Artery Provides a New Prediction Model for Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Gulinu Maimaituxun, Michio Shimabukuro, Yukina Hirata, Takashi Iwase, Shoichiro Takao, Tomomi Matsuura, Takayuki Ise, Kenya Kusunose, Takeshi Tobiume, Koji Yamaguchi, Shusuke Yagi, Daiju Fukuda, Hirotsugu Yamada, Takeshi Soeki, Tetsuzo Wakatsuki, Masafumi Harada, Masataka Sata
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Although growing evidence has indicated that epicardial adipose tissue volume (EATV) predicts coronary artery disease (CAD), local thickness of EAT may also be predictable. Comparing ...
Rapid Infusion Daratumumab Is Safe and Well Tolerated in Clinical Practice
Authors: Issam S. Hamadeh, Justin Arnall, Ekaterina Kachur, Allison Martin, Megan Helena Jagosky, Reed Friend, Shebli Atrash, Manisha Bhutani, Peter M. Voorhees, Saad Z. Usmani
Journal: Blood (2018)
Diagnostic Errors in Initial Misdiagnosis of Optic Nerve Sheath Meningiomas
Authors: Pinar Kahraman-Koytak, Beau B. Bruce, Jason H. Peragallo, Nancy J. Newman, Valérie Biousse
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2018)

Diagnostic errors can lead to the initial misdiagnosis of optic nerve sheath meningiomas (ONSM), which can lead to vision loss.To identify factors contributing to the initial misdiagnosis of ONSM.We retrospectively reviewed 35 of 39 patients with unilateral ONSM (89.7%) who were seen in the tertiary neuro-ophthalmology practice at Emory University School of Medicine between January 2002 and March 2017. The Diagnosis Error Evaluation and Research taxonomy tool was applied to cases with missed/delayed diagnoses.Evaluation in a neuro-ophthalmology clinic.Identifying the cause of diagnostic errors for patients who initially received a misdiagnosis who were found to have ONSM.Of 35 patients with unilateral ONSM (30 women [85.7%]; mean [SD] age, 45.26 [15.73] years), 25 (71%) had a diagnosis delayed for a mean (SD) of 62.60 (89.26) months. The most common diagnostic error (19 of 25 [76%]) was clinician assessment failure (errors in hypothesis generation and weighing), followed by errors in diagnostic testing (15 of 25 [60%]). The most common initial misdiagnosis was optic neuritis (12 of 25 [48%]), followed by the failure to recognize optic neuropathy in patients with ocular disorders. Five patients who received a misdiagnosis (20%) underwent unnecessary lumbar puncture, 12 patients (48%) unnecessary laboratory tests, and 6 patients (24%) unnecessary steroid treatment. Among the 16 patients who initially received a misdiagnosis that was later correctly diagnosed at our institution, 11 (68.8%) had prior magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results that were read as healthy; 5 (45.5%) showed ONSM but were misread by a non-neuroradiologist and 6 (54.5%) were performed incorrectly (no orbital sequence or contrast). Sixteen of the 25 patients (64%) had a poor visual outcome.Biased preestablished diagnoses, inaccurate funduscopic examinations, a failure to order the correct test (MRI brain/orbits with contrast), and a failure to correctly interpret MRI results were the most common sources of diagnostic errors and delayed diagnosis with worse visual outcomes and increased cost (more visits and tests). Easier access to neuro-ophthalmologists, improved diagnostic strategies, and education regarding neuroimaging should help prevent diagnostic errors.
Associations Between Migraine and Type 2 Diabetes in Women
Authors: Guy Fagherazzi, Douae El Fatouhi, Agnès Fournier, Gaelle Gusto, Francesca Romana Mancini, Beverley Balkau, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Tobias Kurth, Fabrice Bonnet
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> Little is known about the associations between migraine and type 2 diabetes and the temporality of the association between these 2 diseases. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the association between migraine and type 2 diabetes incidence as well as the evolution of the prevalence of active migraine before and after type 2 diabetes diagnosis. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> We used data from the E3N cohort study, a French prospective population-based study initiated in 1990 on a cohort of women born between 1925 and 1950. The E3N study participants are insured by a health insurance plan that mostly covers teachers. From the eligible women in the E3N study, we included those who completed the 2002 follow-up questionnaire with information available on migraine. We then excluded prevalent cases of type 2 diabetes, leaving a final sample of women who were followed up between 2004 and 2014. All potential occurrences of type 2 diabetes were identified through a drug reimbursement database. Statistical analyses were performed in March 2018. <h3>Exposures</h3> Self-reported migraine occurrence. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Pharmacologically treated type 2 diabetes. <h3>Results</h3> From the 98 995 women in the study, 76 403 women completed the 2002 follow-up survey. Of these, 2156 were excluded because they had type 2 diabetes, leaving 74 247 women. Participants had a mean (SD) age of 61 (6) years at baseline, and all were free of type 2 diabetes. During 10 years of follow-up, 2372 incident type 2 diabetes cases occurred. A lower risk of type 2 diabetes was observed for women with active migraine compared with women with no migraine history (univariate hazard ratio, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.67-0.96], multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.58-0.85]). We also observed a linear decrease in active migraine prevalence from 22% (95% CI, 16%-27%) to 11% (95% CI, 10%-12%) during the 24 years prior to diabetes diagnosis, after adjustment for potential type 2 diabetes risk factors. A plateau of migraine prevalence around 11% was then observed for 22 years after diagnosis. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> We observed a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes for women with active migraine and a decrease in active migraine prevalence prior to diabetes diagnosis. Further targeted research should focus on understanding the mechanisms involved in explaining these findings.
Small for gestational age and risk of childhood mortality: A Swedish population study
Authors: Jonas F. Ludvigsson, Donghao Lu, Lennart Hammarström, Sven Cnattingius, Fang Fang
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2018)

Background Small for gestational age (SGA) has been associated with increased risks of stillbirth and neonatal mortality, but data on long-term childhood mortality are scarce. Maternal antenatal care, including globally reducing the risk of SGA birth, may be key to achieving the Millennium Development Goal of reducing under-5 mortality. We therefore aimed to examine the association between SGA and mortality from 28 days to <18 years using a population-based and a sibling control design. Methods and findings In a Swedish population study, we identified 3,795,603 non-malformed singleton live births and 2,781,464 full siblings born from January 1, 1973, to December 31, 2012. We examined the associations of severe (<3rd percentile) and moderate (3rd to <10th percentile) SGA with risks of death from 28 days to <18 years after birth. Children born SGA were first compared to non-SGA children from the population, and then to non-SGA siblings. The sibling-based analysis, by design, features a better control for unmeasured factors that are shared between siblings (e.g., socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and genetic factors). Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards and flexible parametric survival models. During follow-up (1973–2013), there were 10,838 deaths in the population-based analysis and 1,572 deaths in sibling pairs with discordant SGA and mortality status. The crude mortality rate per 10,000 person-years was 5.32 in children born with severe SGA, 2.76 in children born with moderate SGA, and 1.93 in non-SGA children. Compared with non-SGA children, children born with severe SGA had an increased risk of death in both the population-based (HR = 2.58, 95% CI = 2.38–2.80) and sibling-based (HR = 2.61, 95% CI = 2.19–3.10) analyses. Similar but weaker associations were found for moderate SGA in the population-based (HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.28–1.47) and sibling-based (HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.22–1.56) analyses. The excess risk was most pronounced between 28 days and <1 year of age but remained throughout childhood. The greatest risk increase associated with severe SGA was noted for deaths due to infection and neurologic disease. Although we have, to our knowledge, the largest study sample so far addressing the research question, some subgroup analyses, especially the analysis of cause-specific mortality, had limited statistical power using the sibling-based approach. Conclusions We found that SGA, especially severe SGA, was associated with an increased risk of childhood death beyond the neonatal period, with the highest risk estimates for death from infection and neurologic disease. The similar results obtained between the population- and sibling-based analyses argue against strong confounding by factors shared within families.
Estimating Meningitis Hospitalization Rates for Sentinel Hospitals Conducting Invasive Bacterial Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Surveillance
Authors: Jason Mwenda Mathiu, Pushpa Ranjan Wijesinghe, Mary Agócs, Anthony Burton, James Sale, Chris Van Beneden, Thomas Taylor, Brendan Flannery
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2013)
Abstract 17747: Low Apolipoprotein A1 Predicts 10year-Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With or Without Statin Therapy, a Possible Useful Biomarker and Residual Therapeutic Target in the Statin Era
Authors: Hiroki Nishiyama, Hiroshi Iwata, Ryo Naito, Hirohisa Endo, Takashi Shimizu, Shinichiro Doi, Shuta Tsuboi, Manabu Ogita, Tomotaka Dohi, Hiroshi Tamura, Shinya Okazaki, Kikuo Isoda, Katsumi Miyauchi, Hiroyuki Daida
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Despite pharmacotherapeutic interventions targeting LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) by statins, cardiovascular mortality remains high in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Parameters of lipoprote...
Simple Postoperative AKI Risk (SPARK) Classification before Noncardiac Surgery: A Prediction Index Development Study with External Validation
Authors: Sehoon Park, Hyunjeong Cho, Seokwoo Park, Soojin Lee, Kwangsoo Kim, Hyung Jin Yoon, Jiwon Park, Yunhee Choi, Suehyun Lee, Ju Han Kim, Sejoong Kim, Ho Jun Chin, Dong Ki Kim, Kwon Wook Joo, Yon Su Kim, Hajeong Lee
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2018)

Researchers have suggested models to predict the risk of postoperative AKI (PO-AKI), but an externally validated risk index that can be practically implemented before patients undergo noncardiac surgery is needed.We performed a retrospective observational study of patients without preexisting renal failure who underwent a noncardiac operation (≥1 hour) at two tertiary hospitals in Korea. We fitted a proportional odds model for an ordinal outcome consisting of three categories: critical AKI (defined as Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes AKI stage ≥2, post-AKI death, or dialysis within 90 days after surgery), low-stage AKI (defined as PO-AKI events not fulfilling the definition of critical AKI), and no PO-AKI.The study included 51,041 patients in a discovery cohort and 39,764 patients in a validation cohort. The Simple Postoperative AKI Risk (SPARK) index included a summation of the integer scores of the following variables: age, sex, expected surgery duration, emergency operation, diabetes mellitus, use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone inhibitors, baseline eGFR, dipstick albuminuria hypoalbuminemia, anemia, and hyponatremia. The model calibration plot showed tolerable distribution of observed and predicted probabilities in both cohorts. The discrimination power of the SPARK index was acceptable in both the discovery (c-statistic 0.80) and validation (c-statistic 0.72) cohorts. When four SPARK classes were defined on the basis of the sum of the risk scores, the SPARK index and classes fairly reflected the risks of PO-AKI and critical AKI.Clinicians may consider implementing the SPARK index and classifications to stratify patients' PO-AKI risks before performing noncardiac surgery.
High Compliance Rates With Patient-Reported Outcomes in Oncology Trials Submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Ethan Basch
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2018)

There is increasing interest in collecting patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in oncology drug development trials to understand how participants feel and function during treatment (1).PRO information can inform assessments of tolerability via patient self-reported symptomatic adverse events (eg, using the NCI's new Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse) and evaluations of efficacy by demonstrating improvements in disease-related symptoms or physical functioning.Well-established methods exist for developing PRO questionnaires, and for technologies to administer PRO questionnaires to patients electronically (2).However, there are still skeptics, including many in the drug development community, who cite logistical barriers to collecting PROs as a rationale for omitting these metrics from trials.At a recent meeting of the Medicare Evidence Development & Coverage Advisory Committee (MEDCAC), which provides guidance to the Medicare program on scientific and clinical matters, several external presenters stated that they believe rates of patient compliance completing PROs are often low (3).This view, often articulated by investigators based on opinion or limited personal experiences, is refuted in this issue of the Journal, in which authors from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) mine internal data to put this question largely to rest (4).Roydhouse et al. ( 4), from the FDA's Office of Hematology and Oncology Products, analyzed randomized controlled trials submitted to the FDA for malignant hematologic/oncologic conditions between 2007 and 2017 that contained PROs.Among 72 identified trials, 51 (71%) contained information about PRO completion rates [most trials without completion rate information were older, submitted prior to the 2009 issuance of a guidance on use of PROs from the FDA (5)].The median PRO completion
Addressing Cultural Barriers to Diagnosis and Treatment of Epilepsy in Hispanic Communities
Authors: Alberto E. Musto, April Rutherford, Daniel Malek
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2018)

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Abstract 15589: Cardiac Remuscularization using 3D Bioprinted Cardiac Patches
Authors: Chin Siang Ong, Takuma Fukunishi, Isaree Pitaktong, Samantha Hardy, Huaitao Zhang, Chen Yu Huang, Luca Vricella, Gordon F Tomaselli, Narutoshi Hibino
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: The Dor procedure, or endoventricular circular patch plasty, was first described in 1985 as a method to restore a dilated left ventricle back to its normal elliptical geometry. This p...
Piperacillin enhances the inhibitory effect of tazobactam on β-lactamase through inhibition of organic anion transporter 1/3 in rats
Authors: Shilei Yang, Zhihao Liu, Changyuan Wang, Shijie Wen, Qiang Meng, Xiaokui Huo, Huijun Sun, Xiaodong Ma, Jinyong Peng, Zhonggui He, Kexin Liu
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2018)

To assess the mechanism of the pharmacokinetic interaction between piperacillin and tazobactam, renal excretion and pharmacokinetic studies of piperacillin/tazobactam were investigated in normal and bacteremia rats. A bacteremia model was established to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of piperacillin and tazobactam under different conditions. Renal slices were taken to examine the uptake of piperacillin and tazobactam. Pharmacokinetic studies of β-lactamase in rats were performed to study the contribution of rOat1/3 to the inhibition of tazobactam on β-lactamase. The AUC (from 2.93 ± 0.58 to 6.52 ± 1.44 mg·min/ml) and the plasma clearance (CLP) (from 2.41 ± 1.20 to 0.961 ± 0.212 ml/min/kg) of tazobactam were both altered after the intravenous coadministration of piperacillin and tazobactam in the bacteremia rats. The renal clearance (CLR) of tazobactam decreased from 1.30 ± 0.50 to 0.361 ± 0.043 ml/min/kg. In summary, there was a beneficial interaction between piperacillin and tazobactam mediated by rOat1 and rOat3. Piperacillin enhances the inhibitory effect of tazobactam on β-lactamase through the inhibition of rOat1 and rOat3 in rats. The contribution rate of rOat1/3 for the synergistic effect was 20% when the two drugs were coadministered.
Efficacy of Daratumumab in Combination with Standard of Care Regimens in Lenalidomide-Exposed or -Refractory Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM): Analysis of the Castor, Pollux, and MMY1001 Studies
Authors: Saad Z. Usmani, Maria-Victoria Mateos, Suzanne Lentzsch, Hang Quach, Marcelo Capra, Roberto Ovilla, Jae-Cheol Jo, Ho-Jin Shin, Pieter Sonneveld, Ming Qi, Himal Amin, Jianping Wang, Xiang Qin, Linda Okonkwo, Jon Ukropec, Sonali Trivedi, Kenshi Suzuki, Meletios A Dimopoulos, Michele Cavo, Ajay K Nooka, Ajai Chari, Thierry Facon
Journal: Blood (2018)