tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The pattern of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) expression using immunohistochemistry and its prognostic significance in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Authors: Ashish Manne, Wadad Mneimneh, Osama Elkadi, Daisy E Escobar, James Coley, Gabriel Bolanos Guzman, Sameeta Moh'd Fnu, Omar Alkharabsheh, Moh'd M. Khushman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e16756 Background: Mucin-5AC (MUC5AC) is a secreted form of mucin. Its expression correlates with poor outcome in uterine, ampullary adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Its prognostic significance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is not well established. Here, we explored the pattern of MUC5AC expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and its prognostic significance in patients with PDAC. Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted at the University of South Alabama/Mitchell Cancer Institute. Between 2015-2019, 218 patients with PDAC were identified. Among this cohort, only 45 patients had tissue available for MUC5AC IHC staining. Two pathologists in- dependently scored the expression of MUC5AC. Staining percentage was estimated in 10% increments. Unpaired t test and log-rank Wilcoxon tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: In our cohort, the median age was 65 years (42-85). Males represented 55%. Caucasians, African Americans and other ethnicities (e.g. Asians) represented 71%, 25% and 4% respectively. Twenty patients (44%) had metastatic stage IV disease and 25 patients (56%) had non-metastatic disease. Positive cytoplasmic and apical MUC5AC expression by IHC was seen in 82% and 80% of patients respectively. The median apical MUC5AC expression was higher in metastatic patients compared to non-metastatic patients (67.5 % vs 30%, p = 0.0187 ) while there was no difference in the median cytoplasmic MUC5AC expression between metastatic and non-metastatic patients (13.7 % vs 12.5%, p = 0.3328). In non-metastatic patients, compared to patients with positive apical MUC5AC expression, no expression (0%) was associated with worse overall survival (OS) (43 vs 13 m, p = 0.0322). In metastatic PDAC, there was no difference in OS between patients with positive or no apical MUC5AC expression (18 vs 21 m, p = 0.781). Compared to patients with positive cytoplasmic MUC5AC expression, patients with no cytoplasmic MUC5AC expression (0%) had no difference in OS in both non-metastatic (40 vs 32 m, p = 0.986) and metastatic (36 vs 12.5 m, p = 0.487) patients. Conclusions: MUC5AC expression assessment using IHC is feasible in patients with PDAC. In our cohort, apical, but not cytoplasmic, MUC5AC expression was different between metastatic and non-metatstaic patients and showed prognostic significance in non-metastatic patients. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show prognostic significance of MUC5AC expression in patients with PDAC using IHC.
Adult ovarian granulosa cell tumor: Role of systemic chemotherapy and surgical treatment.
Authors: Anna Beliaeva, Elena Bakhidze
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e18083 Background: Granulosa cell tumor (GCT) are rare sex cord-stromal tumours. Their frequency is approximately 3% - 5% of all malignant ovarian tumors, and the incidence is from 0.6 to 2.1 cases per 100 000 women per year. According to the histological features, GCT are divided into two types: adult and juvenile. In the 2014 WHO histological classification, GCT were divided into borderline, which included the GCT of the juvenile type, and the malignant GCT of the adult type (AGCT). Despite the definition of AGCT not as borderline, but as low-grade malignant tumors, there are no specific recommendations for the surgical and drug treatment in such patients. Main method of treatment is surgical. Role of systemic treatment due to rarity of AGCT and late recurrence still has not determined. Methods: Data of 93 patients in our institution who were diagnosed with AGCT I-IV stage of the disease between 1980 and 2017 were evaluated. The data were obtained from the files of the patients, electronic database of the gynecologic oncology clinic, operation notes, and pathology records. Results: Stage of the disease, the spread of the tumor beyond the capsule and the number of mitoses of more than 10 significantly influenced the OS rates (p &lt; 0.05). The average time before the onset of the first relapse in IA, IB stage was 134.5 months, in IC stage - 67.4 months, in II-IV stage - 34.3 months. Stage of the disease is an independent prognostic factor for the occurrence of a relapse of the disease. In stage I disease there was no influence of the volume of surgical treatment and adjuvant chemotherapy on DFS and the duration of disease-free period (p &gt; 0.05). The duration of the non-progressive period was some, but not significantly more when performing optimal cytoreduction for the recurrence of the disease, and did not depend on the implementation regimen and adjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusions: There were not found significant difference in the overall and relapse-free survival of patients with ovarian AGCT, depending on the options of surgical and drug treatment they underwent. Studies showed that hormones play a critical role in the pathogenesis and treatment of GCT, especially in some ineffective cases for radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Additional multicenter randomized trials are needed to clarify the effectiveness of the various options for surgical and drug treatment of adult GCT patients.
Mutated MYD88 Activates the BCR Component SYK and Provides a Rationale Therapeutic Target in Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia
Authors: Manit Munshi, Xia Liu, Jiaji Chen, Lian Xu, Nickolas Tsakmaklis, Maria Demos, Amanda Kofides, Maria Luisa Guerrera, Gloria Chan, Zachary Hunter, Christopher Patterson, Joshua Gustine, Jorge J. Castillo, Steven P Treon, Guang Yang
Journal: Blood (2017)
More Details Needed on Association of Placental Weight With Risk of Neonatal Death
Authors: Jinhe Zhang, Kunmin Xiao, Yini Liu
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Enculturation without TTOM and Bayesianism without FEP: Another Bayesian theory of culture is needed
Authors: Martin Fortier-Davy
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2020)

First, I discuss cross-cultural evidence showing that a good deal of enculturation takes place outside of thinking through other minds. Second, I review evidence challenging the claim that humans seek to minimize entropy. Finally, I argue that optimality claims should be avoided, and that descriptive Bayesianism offers a more promising avenue for the development of a Bayesian theory of culture.
Clearance of leukemic blasts by flow cytometry versus minimal residual disease as predictors of clinical outcome in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
Authors: Giovanni Rossi, Vincenzo Giambra, Maria Marta Minervini, Chiara de Waure, Irene Giacchetta, Antonella la Torre, Michele Ciavarella, Lorella M Melillo, Potito Rosario Scalzulli, Angelo Michele Carella, Nicola Cascavilla
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e19514 Background: Lower-intensity regimens, such as hypomethylating agents (HMAs) are better tolerated and more effective than standard chemotherapy in elderly patients( &gt; 65 years old) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Scoring systems to predict clinical outcome in these patients are mainly based on cytogenetic assays and morphological response to therapy. Minimal residual disease (MRD) represents a powerful risk- stratification in younger AML patients but it remains poorly investigated in older patients, particularly in those undergone HMAs. In this subset, the survival benefit is not limited to patients achieving morphologic complete remission (CR). The clearance of leukemic blasts was never be valued as a predictive parameter of outcome in older patients. Thus, in this study we evaluated the most effective and predictive factor of outcome at the optimal time-point among leukemic blasts clearance by flow cytometry (FC), MRD and morphological response in older patients treated with HMAs. Methods: From april 2015 to may 2019, 76 older patients ( &gt; 60 years old) with newly diagnosed AML were treated con azacitidine and decitabine. Among them, 56 completed at least six cycles but 31were properly monitored by FC. Log Clearance was defined as logarithmic ratio between the percentage of blast cells at specific time point and that at the diagnosis. Results: A total of 31 elderly patients with a median age 72 (60-85) were evaluated after 4(T4) and 6(T6) cycles of HMAs. A Median of 10 cycles were administered, equally distributed between azacitidine and decitabine. A higher frequency of CR (73.3%vs 20%) and MRD negativity (16.6% vs 0) was found at T6 compared to T4, thus T6 was chosen for the analysis. Performance status (PS &gt; 2),Hgb &lt; 10 g/dl, MRD positivity and a Log-reduction lower than 2 log predicted a significantly shorter DFS at univariate analysis. However, Log-reduction and PS only confirmed to predict a short DFS also at multivariate analysis, together with CRi (CR with incomplete recovery) and partial remission (PR). When the OS was investigated, only PS represented a strong indicator of prognosis at both univariate and multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Our results suggest that patients achieving 2 Log at least of blasts-reduction by FC had a longer DFS. Dynamic monitoring of blast –reduction stratified better and more widely than the absolute value of MRD in older AML patients. Having a high PS and achieving a CRi instead of a CR showed an unfavorable outcome in terms of both DFS and OS
The mutational pattern of homologous recombination (HR) related genes and its relevance to response to immunotherapy in gastric cancer.
Authors: Yue Fan, HaiFeng Ying, Xueying Wu, Beibei Mao, Henghui Zhang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e16579 Background: Although therapeutic strategies based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been introduced for gastric cancer (GC), there is still a pressing need to find potential predictive therapeutic biomarkers beyond PD-L1 expression to help patients to derive more benefit from these therapies. Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) could modify tumor immune microenvironment by increasing the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) indicating that HRD might be a biomarker of immunotherapies. Our aim was to analyze the mutational pattern of HR related genes in a large Chinese GC cohort and its relevance to tumor immune profile and clinical response to immunotherapy. Methods: A panel of 543 cancer related genes was used to analyze the genomic profiling of Genecast cohort which is consisted of 484 Chinese patients with GC. The correlation between HR-gene mutations and tumor immunity or clinical outcome using two GC genomics datasets (TCGA and MSK-GC) by the bioinformatic approach. Results: Fifty-one of 484 (10.54%) patients had at least one somatic mutation in HR-gene, ATM (16/484, 3.31%), ATRX (14/484, 2.89%), and ATR (13/484, 2.69%) were among the top mutated HR-gene in Genecast cohort. Mutations in HR-gene are associated with elevated TMB, enhanced immune activity, and microsatellite instability (MSI) status. In MSK-GC cohort, including a total of 49 patients who had stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GEJ) and treated with ICIs, HR-mut GC (n = 12) had a significantly better OS than HR-wt GC (n = 37) (log-rank test, P = 0.034). Conclusions: Our data suggests that detection of somatic mutations of HR-gene could expand the proportion of patients who might get benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapy response.
Effects of family doctor system service on 74 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Yuefeng Lyu, Ying Lin, Ling Gao
Journal: BMJ (2015)

To explore the efficacy of managing benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) by family doctor system service in a local community. Among 132 BPH patients recruited from January 2012 to December 2013, 74 of them received family doctor system service while the remainder medications only. After 6 months, international prostate symptom score(10.3±5.6) and quality-of-life(2.98±0.95) significantly improved in management group versus control group. And there were significant statistical differences(P<0.05). The intervention management of family doctor system service is effective for improving the symptoms and quality-of-life of BPH patients.


Key words: 
Prostatic hyperplasia; Home care services
High Expression of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Correlates with Macrophage Gene Expression and Is Associated with Prolonged Progression-Free Survival (PFS) in Patients (pts) with First-Line (1L) Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)
Authors: Ronald McCord, Christopher Bolen, Hartmut Koeppen, Edward E. Kadel, Günter Fingerle-Rowson, Mikkel Z. Oestergaard, Jeffrey M. Venstrom
Journal: Blood (2017)
Response to: ‘Associations of regular glucosamine use with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: causality assumptions need to be checked’ by Safiri and Mansournia
Authors: Zhi-Hao Li, Qing-Mei Huang, Chen Mao
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

We appreciated Safiri and Mansournia for their interest and comment on our recent study.1 2 Safiri et al 1 mentioned that we did not explain the steps for the selection of confounders that have been included in our fully adjusted models. We acknowledged that due to the limited number of the words for the manuscript required by the journal, the content for the explanation for selection of confounders was not included. Actually, all confounders in our study were selected according to the published literature,3–5 and these were the most important risk factors for mortality. In total, 27 …
Ultrasensitive multiplex detection of structural rearrangements in <i>ALK</i>, <i>RET</i>, <i>ROS1</i> and <i>PD-L1</i> using a comprehensive next-generation sequencing assay.
Authors: Kao Chin Ngeow, Yukti Choudhury, Kian-Hin Tan, Michelle Pek, Kim-Tien Ng, Soon Thye Lim, Jing Quan Lim, Dachuan Huang, Choon Kiat Ong, Min-Han Tan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

3572 Background: Oncogenic structural rearrangements (SR) in ALK, RET and ROS1 are well-described in lung cancer, and confer sensitivity to targeted therapy. SR disrupting the 3’UTR of PD-L1 gene have been reported in multiple cancer types and can potentially predict response to checkpoint immunotherapy. An amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform technology (AmpliMARK), previously optimized for detection of single nucleotide variations (SNVs), microsatellite instability and viral DNA, was extended to the multiplex detection of SR in ALK, RET, ROS1 and PD-L1 in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and tumor tissue DNA. Methods: A hybrid primer-extension and adapter-ligation based method allowing detection of SR in a fusion-partner agnostic manner was utilized for multiplex target capture of genomic regions of ALK, RET, ROS1 and PD-L1 SR. Analytical validation was performed using admixtures of fragmented genomic DNA from an ALK SR-positive cell line, commercial standards containing RET and ROS1 SR, and synthetic PD-L1 SR gene constructs. Clinical performance was assessed in cfDNA samples from lung cancer patients and tumor tissue DNA samples from natural killer(NK)/T-cell lymphoma patients. Results: Detection of SR could be achieved to an allele frequency detection limit of 0.5% with sensitivity of 89.5% and specificity of 100% in admixture samples mimicking cfDNA. In an unselected series of 374 lung cancer cases, actionable SR for ALK, RET and ROS1 were detected in cfDNA of 9 samples, for an overall detection rate of 2.4%, and 1.8% (3 out of 168) when restricted to treatment-naive lung cancer cases only. In 29 NK/T-cell lymphoma tumor tissue samples, 9 samples were positive for PD-L1 SR, which were orthogonally confirmed by whole-genome sequencing, targeted sequencing or Sanger sequencing for a concordance rate of 100% across all samples. For 1 NK/T-cell lymphoma tumor tissue sample where matched plasma was available, the same PD-L1 SR was also detected in cfDNA. Conclusions: We have demonstrated and validated a comprehensive amplicon-based NGS assay for ultrasensitive multiplex detection of structural rearrangements in ALK, RET, ROS1 and PD-L1 across both cfDNA and tumor tissue DNA in analytical and clinical contexts. Ongoing studies will further evaluate the performance and utility of this assay across a larger number of clinical samples for the detection of these SR as well as additional cancer-associated SR involving NTRK1/2/3, FGFR2/3 and TMPRSS2.
病例个案的综合分析方法之我见
Authors: 冯正中
Journal: BMJ (2005)

基层医院开展的临床研究中,研究方法及类型都较少,也较为局限,常见的为回顾性的经验总结、初步探讨、若干病例临床分析、个案(病例)报告等.临床研究一直都是大力提倡和鼓励的医学研究,有着十分广阔的天地.临床医师们应该拓展视野,探寻新的研究方法,为自己的临床学术之路开辟新的道路.这里给大家介绍另一种类型的个案综合分析研究方法,可学可为,很有应用价值。
乌贝散加味配合西药治疗消化性溃疡83例
Authors: 唐燕, 张彩艳
Journal: BMJ (2008)

消化性溃疡是指胃肠道黏膜在胃消化液作用下形成的溃疡,以胃、十二指肠溃疡最常见.消化性溃疡中医属胃痛范畴[1],具有易复发的特点.消化性溃疡的治疗目的在于缓解症状,促进愈合,预防复发.2001年10月至2006年5月我们采用中药乌贝散加味配合西药治疗消化性溃疡,疗效满意,现报道如下。
Fish-Rich Mediterranean Diet Associated With Higher Cognition
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical impact of oral intake on second-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer.
Authors: Takatsugu Ogata, Yukiya Narita, Ryosuke Kumanishi, Taiko Nakazawa, Yuki Matsubara, Kazuki Nozawa, Kyoko Kato, Kazunori Honda, Toshiki Masuishi, Hideaki Bando, Shigenori Kadowaki, Masashi Ando, Masahiro Tajika, Kei Muro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e16560 Background: Trifluridine/tipiracil, an oral drug, was approved in Japan for patients (pts) with advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Insufficient oral intake (INSUF) is one of the most common complications. We evaluated the clinical characteristics and impact of oral intake during 2nd line chemotherapy (CT). Methods: We retrospectively evaluated AGC pts receiving 2 nd line CT from January 2012 to December 2018 at a single institution. We defined “INSUF” as a requirement for daily intravenous fluids or hyperalimentation and “improvement of oral intake (IMP)” as no such requirement for &gt; 1 week. Exacerbation (EXA) was defined as a change from “sufficient oral intake (SUF)” to INSUF. Results: We enrolled 495 pts, of which 67 (13%) and 428 (87%) pts had INSUF and SUF at the start of 2 nd line CT, respectively. Patient characteristics are summarized in the Table. There was no difference in the cytotoxic drugs of 2 nd line CT. The causes of INSUF were peritoneal metastases (79%), cachexia (15%), and primary complications (3%). The objective response rates of INSUF and SUF pts were 9% and 26%, respectively. INSUF pts had poorer progression-free survival (PFS) (1.7 vs. 3.7 months [M]; adjusted HR [aHR], 1.51; p &lt; 0.001) and overall survival (3.2 vs. 10.1 M; aHR, 2.01; p &lt; 0.001) than SUF pts. At the end of 2 nd line CT, 147 (32%) and 314 (68%) pts had INSUF and SUF, respectively. In SUF pts, the factors correlated with EXA were poor ECOG PS (odds ratio [OR], 5.26; p &lt; 0.001), massive or moderate ascites (OR, 2.04; p = 0.031), palliative operation history (OR, 2.90; p = 0.007), and ramucirumab use (OR, 0.50; p = 0.034). Median PFS was shorter after CT in pts with EXA than in those without (1.7 vs. 4.2 M; aHR, 2.05; p &lt; 0.001). Among INSUF pts, 11 pts (16%) achieved IMP; the rate of IMP did not differ according to regimen. Median PFS was shorter in pts without IMP than in pts with IMP (1.1 vs. 3.3 M; aHR, 4.97; p = 0.001). Subsequent CT was administered to 29% and 71% of INSUF and SUF pts, respectively. Conclusions: INSUF at the start of 2 nd line CT was a poor prognostic factor. For appropriate use of oral drugs, CT should be changed in SUF pts with factors associated with EXA. [Table: see text]
Investing in the health of girls and women: a best buy for sustainable development
Authors: Michelle Remme, Anna Vassall, Gabriela Fernando, David E Bloom
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Human rights, theory, evidence, and common sense all suggest that greater investment in women's health could be among the "best buys" for broader economic development and societal wellbeing, say <b><i>Michelle Remme and colleagues</i></b>
Severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia complicated with reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome:analysis of 31 cases
Authors: Yong Wang, Hong Chang, Kun Yang
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Objective To explore clinical characteristics of severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia complicated with reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome(RPLS).Methods Clinical data of 31 cases of severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia complicated with RPLS were studied retrospectively.ResulIs These 31 cases with RPLS accounted for 48% of those with eclampsia,.and all presented with hypertension,headache and disturbalice of vision,24 cases with seizure episodes,19 cases with nausea and vomiting and 13 with continuous dysphoria after seizure.Neuroradiologic findings showed edema predominantly in the bilateral posterior cerebral white matter,especially in occipital-parietal lobe,with low density lesions in CT and long T1 and T2 signals in brain MRI. Conclusions Severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia tended to complicate with RPLS,presenting severe hypertension,headache,disturbance of vision and recurrent seizure as major clinical manifestations.

Key words: 
Eclampsia;  Cerebrovascular disorders; Treatment outcome
氨茶碱中毒致严重电解质紊乱一例
Authors: 范秀芝, 赵增萍, 赵娜
Journal: BMJ (2008)

患者女,26岁.因自服氨茶碱100片(0.1 g/片)30 min于2007年4月2日急诊入院.患者口服氨茶碱后感上腹部不适,恶心呕吐3次,均为胃内容物,伴头晕、心慌、四肢无力.无抽搐,无呼吸困难,无大小便失禁.患者平素身体健康.近日饮食正常,身体状况正常.查体:血压110/80 mmHg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),神志清,精神差,言语清晰,口唇无紫绀,双肺呼吸音粗,无干湿啰音。