tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acceleration of kidney function decline after incident hospitalization with cardiovascular disease: the Stockholm <scp>CREAtinine</scp> Measurements (<scp>SCREAM</scp>) project
Authors: Junichi Ishigami, Marco Trevisan, Lars H. Lund, Tomas Jernberg, Josef Coresh, Kunihiro Matsushita, Juan‐Jesus Carrero
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2020)
Abstract 13244: Prognostic Impacts of Impaired Coronary Vasodilator Function and Enhanced Vasoconstriction Responses in Patients With Angina and Unobstructive Coronary Arteries
Authors: Akira Suda, Jun Takahashi, Kiyotaka Hao, Yoku Kikuchi, Tomohiko Shindo, Shohei Ikeda, Koichi Sato, Jun Sugisawa, Yasuharu Matsumoto, Satoshi Miyata, Yasuhiko Sakata, Hiroaki Shimokawa
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Although the importance of coronary vasomotor abnormalities, including epicardial coronary artery spasm and coronary microvascular dysfunction, has been emerging, no study has ever ex...
Recent advances in natural anti‐HIV triterpenoids and analogs
Authors: Hai‐Feng Wu, Susan L. Morris‐Natschke, Xu‐Dong Xu, Mei‐Hua Yang, Yung‐Yi Cheng, Shi‐Shan Yu, Kuo‐Hsiung Lee
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2020)

Abstract The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic is one of the world's most serious health challenges. Although combination antiretroviral therapy provides effective viral suppression, current medicines used against HIV cannot completely eradicate the infectious disease and often have associated toxicities and severe side effects in addition to causing drug resistance. Therefore, the continued development of new antiviral agents with diverse structures and novel mechanisms of action remains a vital need for the management of HIV/AIDS. Natural products are an important source of drug discovery, and certain triterpenes and their analogs have demonstrated potential as pharmaceutical precursors for the treatment of HIV. Over the past decade, natural triterpenoids and analogs have been extensively studied to find new anti‐HIV drugs. This review discusses the anti‐HIV triterpenoids and analogs reported during the period of 2009–2019. The article includes not only a comprehensive review of the recent anti‐HIV agent development from the perspective of medicinal chemistry, but also discusses structure–activity relationship analyses of the described triterpenoids.
A pretargeting nanoplatform for imaging and enhancing anti-inflammatory drug delivery
Authors: Min Kyung Khang, Jun Zhou, Cynthia M. Co, Shuxin Li, Liping Tang
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2020)

This work details a newly developed "sandwich" nanoplatform via neutravidin-biotin system for the detection and treatment of inflammation. First, biotinylated- and folate-conjugated optical imaging micelles targeted activated macrophages via folate/folate receptor interactions. Second, multivalent neutravidin proteins in an optimal concentration accumulated on the biotinylated macrophages. Finally, biotinylated anti-inflammatory drug-loaded micelles delivered drugs effectively at the inflammatory sites via a highly specific neutravidin-biotin affinity. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the "sandwich" pretargeting platform was able to diagnose inflammation by targeting activated macrophages as well as improve the therapeutic efficacy by amplifying the drug delivery to the inflamed tissue. The overall results support that our new pretargeting platform has the potential for inflammatory disease diagnosis and treatment.
Irregular Narrow Complex Tachycardia
Authors: Ravi Choxi, Todd Teigeler, Richard Shepard
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Activation of transcription factor Nrf2 to counteract mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Claudia Bento‐Pereira, Albena T. Dinkova‐Kostova
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2020)

Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, for which no disease‐modifying therapies are available to date. Although understanding of the precise aetiology of PD is incomplete, it is clear that age, genetic predisposition and environmental stressors increase the risk. At the cellular level, oxidative stress, chronic neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant protein aggregation have been implicated as contributing factors. These detrimental processes are counteracted by elaborate networks of cellular defence mechanisms, one of which is orchestrated by transcription factor nuclear factor‐erythroid 2 p45‐related factor 2 (Nrf2; gene name NFE2L2 ). A wealth of preclinical evidence suggests that Nrf2 activation is beneficial in cellular and animal models of PD. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction in PD, the role of Nrf2 in mitochondrial function and explore the potential of Nrf2 as a therapeutic target for mitochondrial dysfunction in PD.
Development of anti‐influenza agents from natural products
Authors: Zhi‐Jun Zhang, Susan L. Morris‐Natschke, Yung‐Yi Cheng, Kuo‐Hsiung Lee, Rong‐Tao Li
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2020)

Abstract The influenza pandemic continues to threaten public health due to its high morbidity and mortality rates, despite some successes in antiviral research. Natural drugs are important alternative therapies in the treatment of and recovery from influenza and have been the subjects of intense investigation during the last few decades. Many reports have shown that the development of novel bioactive chemicals extracted from natural drugs has significant advantages. Oseltamivir is a successful case of an anti‐influenza drug synthesized using two natural products, quinic acid, and shikimic acid, as starting materials. In China, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays an important role in the treatment of influenza. TCM herbal extracts and prescriptions or their isolated bioactive constituents have shown significant therapeutic and preventive effects against influenza. For example, the roots of Isatis indigotica (Banlangen) fight viral infection by targeting both the virus and the host and have significantly different effects than those of synthetic chemicals. Lianhuaqingwen capsule exerts its anti‐influenza activity by regulating the immune response to interfere with both viral and host reactions and might well be an alternative therapeutic option to treat influenza virus infection. This paper reviews the chemical ingredients, crude extracts, and TCM prescriptions with anti‐influenza activity reported during the period of 2010–September 2019. We hope that this comprehensive review will not only fuel research on anti‐influenza active natural products and TCM research but also provide a promising alternative candidate for further anti‐influenza drug development.
Drug-targeting in combined cancer chemotherapy: Paclitaxel and etoposide derivatives associated with a lipidic nanoemulsion promote tumor regression in mice
Authors: Iara Kretzer, Claudete Valduga, Durvanei Maria, Raul Maranhao
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

5737  Introduction and Objective: After injection into the blood stream, a lipidic nanoemulsion that mimics low-density lipoprotein (LDL) binds to the LDL receptors and concentrate in tumor tissues that show LDL receptor overexpression. This nanoemulsion has been used as vehicle to target drugs against neoplastic tissues and was shown to diminish the toxicity of associated carmustine, paclitaxel and etoposide, while increasing the tumoral regression in murine oncologic models. Currently, the effects of combined chemotherapy of paclitaxel and etoposide both associated with the nanoemulsion were tested.  Materials and Methods: Derivative forms of the drugs, etoposide oleate and paclitaxel oleate were synthesized and associated to the nanoemulsion prepared by prolonged ultrassonication in aqueous medium and ultracentrifugation. B16F10 melanoma tumor-bearing mice were intraperitonially injected with paclitaxel oleate (9 μ mol/kg) and etoposide oleate (9 μ mol/kg) associated with the nanoemulsion at days 11th, 13th and 15th after the tumor cells inoculation for comparison with melanoma-bearing mice injected equivalent doses of the commercial formulations of paclitaxel and etoposide and a control group treated with saline solution. Tumors size was measured 3 times weekly using a calliper-like instrument during the ensuing 20 days. Necropsies were performed to analyze metastatic nodes and flow cytometry DNA content analysis was performed in cells taken from tumor samples collected during the necropsies.  Results: The tumor growth inhibition rate was over 90 % in both treatment groups (p
Cardiac Pacing Training in Africa
Authors: Joselyn Rwebembera, Mohamed Jeilan, Olujimi A. Ajijola, Mohammed Talle, Mahmoud U. Sani, Kamilu M. Karaye, Matthew F. Yuyun, George Nel, Loreen Akinyi, Saad Subahi, Mervat Aboulmaaty, Felix Sogade, Yazid Aoudia, Amam Mbakwem, Cabral Tantchou, Mohamed Salim, Muzahir H. Tayebjee, Joseph W. Poku, Brian Vezi, Bundhoo Kaviraj, Marcus Ngantcha, Ashley Chin, Aimé Bonny
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Determinants for Oral Mucositis in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Prospective Evaluation and Risk Analysis
Authors: Roni Shouval, Liza Kouniavsky, Joshua Fein, Ivetta Danylesko, Arie Apel, Noga Shem-Tov, Ronit Yerushalmi, Avichai Shimoni, Arnon Nagler
Journal: Blood (2017)
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreaticogastrostomy as a rescue therapy for pancreatic ascites after failed ERCP
Authors: Petko Karagyozov, Ivan Tishkov, Irina Boeva, Ivan Plachkov
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Pancreatic ascites is a rare complication of chronic pancreatitis, associated with high mortality. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with pancreatic stenting is the treatment of choice, with the highest success rate, but the procedure can fail in up to 15 % of cases [1] [2] [3] [4].
Cytokine-induced molecular responses in airway smooth muscle cells inform genome-wide association studies of asthma
Authors: Emma E. Thompson, Quynh Dang, Blair Mitchell-Handley, Kavitha Rajendran, Sumati Ram-Mohan, Julian Solway, Carole Ober, Ramaswamy Krishnan
Journal: Genome Medicine (2020)

Abstract Background A challenge in the post-GWAS era is to assign function to disease-associated variants. However, available resources do not include all tissues or environmental exposures that are relevant to all diseases. For example, exaggerated bronchoconstriction of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) defines airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), a cardinal feature of asthma. However, the contribution of ASMC to genetic and genomic studies has largely been overlooked. Our study aimed to address the gap in data availability from a critical tissue in genomic studies of asthma. Methods We developed a cell model of AHR to discover variants associated with transcriptional, epigenetic, and cellular responses to two AHR promoting cytokines, IL-13 and IL-17A, and performed a GWAS of bronchial responsiveness (BRI) in humans. Results Our study revealed significant response differences between ASMCs from asthma cases and controls, including genes implicated in asthma susceptibility. We defined molecular quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for expression (eQTLs) and methylation (meQTLs), and cellular QTLs for contractility (coQTLs) and performed a GWAS of BRI in human subjects. Variants in asthma GWAS were significantly enriched for ASM QTLs and BRI-associated SNPs, and near genes enriched for ASM function, many with small P values that did not reach stringent thresholds of significance in GWAS. Conclusions Our study identified significant differences between ASMCs from asthma cases and controls, potentially reflecting trained tolerance in these cells, as well as a set of variants, overlooked in previous GWAS, which reflect the AHR component of asthma.
A heat-shocked melanoma cell lysate vaccine enhances tumor infiltration by prototypic effector T cells inhibiting tumor growth
Authors: María Alejandra Gleisner, Cristián Pereda, Andrés Tittarelli, Mariela Navarrete, Camila Fuentes, Ignacio Ávalos, Fabian Tempio, Juan Pablo Araya, María Inés Becker, Fermín Eduardo González, Mercedes Natalia López, Flavio Salazar-Onfray
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Background Immune checkpoint blocker (ICB) therapy has shown survival benefits for some patients with cancer. Nevertheless, many individuals remain refractory or acquire resistance to treatment, motivating the exploration of complementary immunotherapies. Accordingly, cancer vaccines offer an attractive alternative. Optimal delivery of multiple tumor-associated antigens combined with potent adjuvants seems to be crucial for vaccine effectiveness. Methods Here, a prototype for a generic melanoma vaccine, named TRIMELVax, was tested using B16F10 mouse melanoma model. This vaccine is made of heat shock-treated tumor cell lysates combined with the Concholepas concholepas hemocyanin as adjuvant. Results While B16F10 lysate provides appropriate melanoma-associated antigens, both a generic human melanoma cell lysate and hemocyanin adjuvant contributes with danger signals promoting conventional dendritic type 1 cells (cDC1), activation, phagocytosis and effective antigen cross-presentation. TRIMELVax inhibited tumor growth and increased mice survival, inducing cellular and humoral immune responses. Furthermore, this vaccine generated an increased frequency of intratumor cDC1s but not conventional type 2 dendritic cells (cDC2s). Augmented infiltration of CD3 + , CD4 + and CD8 + T cells was also observed, compared with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) monotherapy, while TRIMELVax/anti-PD-1 combination generated higher tumor infiltration of CD4 + T cells. Moreover, TRIMELVax promoted an augmented proportion of PD-1 lo CD8 + T cells in tumors, a phenotype associated with prototypic effector cells required for tumor growth control, preventing dysfunctional T-cell accumulation. Conclusions The therapeutic vaccine TRIMELVax efficiently controls the weakly immunogenic and aggressive B16F10 melanoma tumor growth, prolonging tumor-bearing mice survival even in the absence of ICB. The strong immunogenicity shown by TRIMELVax encourages clinical studies in patients with melanoma.
BMA condemns rise in non-consultant CCT posts
Authors: Helen Jaques
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Doctors have sounded the alarm over the emergence of non-consultant posts for doctors who hold a certificate of completion of training (CCT) and have mandated the BMA to negotiate with employers to end this practice.

The roles—such as locum consultant, senior registrar, and post-CTT fellow posts—often don’t meet national terms and conditions with respect to pay and benefits such as study leave, delegates at the BMA’s annual representatives meeting in Cardiff heard this week, and in some cases deny recently qualified doctors the consultant …
Single-bite versus double-bite technique for mapping biopsies during endoscopic surveillance for hereditary diffuse gastric cancer: a single-center, randomized trial
Authors: Apostolos Pappas, Wei Keith Tan, William Waldock, Susan Richardson, Monika Tripathi, Wladyslaw Januszewicz, Geoffrey Roberts, Maria O'Donovan, Rebecca C. Fitzgerald, Massimiliano di Pietro
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Abstract Background Endoscopic surveillance is recommended in patients with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) who refuse or want to delay surgery. Because early signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) can be inconspicuous, the current surveillance endoscopy protocol entails 30 random biopsies, which are time-consuming. This study aimed to compare single-bite and double-bite techniques in HDGC surveillance. Methods Between October 2017 and December 2018, consecutive patients referred for HDGC surveillance were prospectively randomized to the single- or double-bite arm. The primary outcome was the diagnostic yield for SRCC foci. Secondary outcomes were: procedural time for random biopsies; comfort score; biopsy size; and quality of specimens, the latter assessed by the presence of muscularis mucosa, crush artifact, and proportion usable for diagnostic assessment. Results 25 patients were randomized to the single-bite arm and 23 to the double-bite arm. SRCC foci were detected in three and four patients in the single- and double-bite arms, respectively (P = 0.70). The procedural time for the double-bite arm (12 minutes, interquartile range [IQR] 4) was significantly shorter than for the single-bite arm (15 minute, IQR 6; P = 0.01), but comfort scores were similar. The size of the biopsies in the double-bite arm was significantly smaller than in single-bite arm (2.5 mm vs. 3.0 mm; P &lt; 0.001) but this did not affect the presence of muscularis mucosa (P = 0.73), artifact level (P = 0.11), and diagnostic utility (P = 0.051). Conclusion For patients undergoing HDGC surveillance, the double-bite technique is significantly faster than the single-bite technique. The diagnostic yield for SRCC and the biopsy quality were similar across both groups.
Surgical activity during the Covid-19 pandemic: Results for 112 patients in a French tertiary care center, a quality improvement study
Authors: P. Philouze, M. Cortet, D. Quattrone, P. Céruse, F. Aubrun, G. Dubernard, J.Y. Mabrut, M.C. Delignette, K. Mohkam
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2020)
Outcomes of Universal COVID-19 Testing Following Detection of Incident Cases in 11 Long-term Care Facilities
Authors: Benjamin F. Bigelow, Olive Tang, Bryan Barshick, Matthew Peters, Stephen D. Sisson, Kimberly S. Peairs, Morgan J. Katz
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

twice, and 10 (28.6%) appeared 3 or more times.Within the nonphysician PhD cohort, all 6 women (100%) appeared only once compared with 20 men (87.0%).Discussion | In this study of primetime programming on 3 major networks, physicians constituted only one-fifth of unique speakers and had less than one-third of speaking time on COVID-19 content.Women's voices were in the minority, including among physicians and nonphysicians with PhD degrees, with variability by network.The proportion of women speaking on COVID-19 content was no different from the proportion of women speaking on other content, suggesting that the paucity of female voices on cable news programs is not subject specific.Limitations of the present study include the focus on binary gender, possible bias due to the observation window, and the small number of networks, shows, and time slots represented.Nevertheless, this study provides informative descriptive information on the representation of medical experts and gender gap in media representation during the COVID-19 pandemic.This inconsistency with the composition of the workforce could detract from the perceived legitimacy of female doctors amid a national crisis.
SAT0620-HPR INACTIVITY BEHAVIOR AND EXERCISE BARRIERS IN PATIENTS WITH BEHÇET’S DISEASE
Authors: S. Baglan Yentur, D. C. Saraç, N. G. Tore, F. Sarİ, N. Atas, M. A. Ozturk, D. Oskay
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: Behçet’s Disease (BD) is a chronic, inflammatory, rheumatic disease that is characterized by mucocutaneous lesions and can be seen major organ involvement such as eyes, musculoskeletal system, gastrointestinal system and central nervous system. Impaired quality of life, aerobic capacity, respiratory function and life satisfaction, sleep disorders, depression, anxiety and fatigue are seen commonly in BD patients like the other rheumatic diseases. Considering that regular physical activity effects survival for patients and healthy people, it is important to determine the factors affecting physical activity level and exercise barriers. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate physical activity level and exercise barriers in patients with BD. Methods: 45 patients were included in the study. Physical activity level, exercise barriers, fatigue, depression, pain, quality of life and aerobic capacity were evaluated with International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Exercise Barriers and Benefits Scale (EBBS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Behçet’s Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (BDQoL) and 6 minutes walk test, respectively. Spaerman’s Correlation Coefficient were used to investigate the relationships between exercise barriers and other parameters. Results: IPAQ demonstrated that 22 (48.8%) of the patients had low level physical activitiy. Additionally, physical activity levels significantly correlated with both exercise barriers (rho= -0.345) and exercise benefits (rho= 0.320) (p&lt;0.05). BDQoL scores also correlated significantly with exercise barrier scores (rho= 0.338), (p&lt;0.05). No significant relationships were observed for other parameters. Conclusion: Exercise and physical activity are of great importance because of its positive contribution to the musculoskeletal system for BD patients’ rehabilitation. Thinking of negative effects of physical inactivity, patients with Behçet disease should be encouraged to exercise. Also, reasons of physical inactivity should be investigated and treated. References: [1]Ilhan B, Can M, Alibaz-Oner F, Yilmaz-Oner S, Polat-Korkmaz O, Ozen G et al. Fatigue in patients with Behcet’s syndrome: relationship with quality of life, depression, anxiety, disability and disease activity. International journal of rheumatic diseases. 2018;21(12):2139-45. [2]Alder NM, Fisher M, Yazici Y. Behçet’s syndrome patients have high levels of functional disability, fatigue and pain as measured by a Multi-dimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2008;26(Suppl 50):S110-3. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Changes in Hospital-Based Obstetric Services in Rural US Counties, 2014-2018
Authors: Katy B. Kozhimannil, Julia D. Interrante, Mariana K. S. Tuttle, Carrie Henning-Smith
Journal: JAMA (2020)

This study describes hospital-based obstetric service losses in rural US counties between 2014 and 2018 overall and by county population and urban adjacency.