tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Safe Intraoperative Decision Support
Authors: Lauren Gordon, Teodor Grantcharov, Frank Rudzicz
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Lack of Robust Prognostic Biomarkers for Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer—Adverse Events
Authors: Jiqiao Yang
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Transplantation of M2-Deviated Microglia Promotes Recovery of Motor Function after Spinal Cord Injury in Mice
Authors: Shuhei Kobashi, Tomoya Terashima, Miwako Katagi, Yuki Nakae, Junko Okano, Yoshihisa Suzuki, Makoto Urushitani, Hideto Kojima
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2019)
Abstract 17665: Complementary Role of Von Willebrand Factor Indices to Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hana Kusumoto, Joseph L Blackshear
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) has been weakly associated with septal thickness, diastolic function parameters, resting left ventricular outflow tract gradient ([[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#8710;]]P), and more strongly associated with prognosis. Von Willebrand factor activity is known to be altered in HCM, and acquired bleeding may occur in up to ¼ of patients. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that indices of von Willebrand factor (VWF) activity would be more strongly related to [[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#8710;]]P than BNP. Methods: We compared BNP and three independent measures of VWF function to echo/Doppler parameters in 84 HCM patients. Results: In obstructive (resting [[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#8710;]]P ≥30 mm Hg), n-58 versus labile HCM (resting [[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#8710;]]P &lt;30 mm Hg, Valsalva [[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#8710;]]P ≥30 mm Hg), n=28, VWF multimers were abnormal in 90% versus 52% (p=0.0005), VWF activity to antigen ratio was markedly lower, 0.76±0.09 vs 0.89±0.16, p&lt;0.0001, and PFA markedly prolonged, 207±75 versus 129±61 seconds (p&lt;0.0001), while BNP was moderately higher, 331±273 versus176±163 pg/ml, p=0.007. BNP correlated (Spearman rho, ρ), most strongly with echocardiographic E/e’ (ρ=0.51, p&lt;0.001) and left atrial volume (ρ=0.34, p=0.003) but not peak gradient, [[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#8710;]]P, (ρ=0.13, NS), while BNP normalized for age and gender was weakly associated with [[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#8710;]]P, ρ=0.26,p=0.02 and powerfully associated with septal thickness (ρ=0.50, p&lt;0.001), and left ventricular mass index (ρ=0.43, p&lt;0.001). In contrast, quantitative VWF activity measures correlated strongly with [[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#8710;]]P, VWF activity/antigen (ρ=-0.59, p&lt;0.0001), and PFA (ρ=0.51, p&lt;0.0001). In HCM patients with bleeding (n=31), VWF antigen level was higher than in those without bleeding suggesting that the combination of elevated total VWF antigen and absent high molecular weight multimers may be involved in the causation of bleeding. Conclusion: Our data suggest that BNP elevations are associated most strongly with E/e’, left atrial volume, septal thickness, and left ventricular mass, while VWF activity indices more strongly reflect [[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#8710;]]P, and may thus have a complementary role in assessing therapeutic responses and prognosis. Loss of high molecular weight VWF multimers and elevated total VWF antigen concentration may be a novel marker of bleeding risk from acquired von Willebrand syndrome in HCM.
Clinical Outcomes and Cost Analysis of Dose-Adjusted R-EPOCH Vs R-CHOP in Treatment of Diffuse Large B- Cell Lymphoma with High Risk Features
Authors: Bhagirathbhai Dholaria, Prakash Vishnu, Yenni Alejandro Moreno-Vanegas, Aaron C. Spaulding, Nancy N. Diehl, David Hodge, Candido E. Rivera, Han Tun
Journal: Blood (2018)
Effect of an adjuvant breast cancer vaccine on disease-specific survival of breast cancer patients with depressed lymphocyte immunity.
Authors: Robert Lange Elliott, Jonathan F. Head
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

3087 Background: Breast cancer patients were vaccinated in the adjuvant setting with an autologous, allogeneic whole cell vaccine to evaluate the effect on host lymphocyte immunity and disease-specific survival. Methods: We began preparing whole cell preparations for a vaccine study in 1995. Stage I and II breast cancer patients had host lymphocyte immunity against tumors associated antigens evaluated before and after vaccination. Those patients with depressed immunity, determined by a lymphocyte blastogenesis assay (LBA), were offered the whole cell vaccine. Patients were given six intradermal injections (three weekly followed by three monthly). Ten weeks after the last injection the LBA was repeated. Thirty-seven patients were vaccinated in the adjuvant setting with the whole cell autologous, allogeneic vaccine. Results: The vaccine was well tolerated with no severe toxicities. Some patients experienced slight pain and swelling at the injection site and slight chills and fever. The vaccinated patients had a mean follow-up of 12.7 years with mean follow-up of 8.9 and 9.2 years for the patients with normal and depressed immunity, respectively, in the historic control. The 10-year survival was 95% (20 of 21 patients) in the normal immunity historic control, 59% (33 of 56 patients) in the depressed immunity historic control and 89% (33 of 37 patients) in the patients with depressed immunity that were vaccinated in the present clinical trial. Conclusions: The disease-specific survival of the vaccinated patients with depressed immunity in this trial is significantly greater than that of the historic controls of unvaccinated patients with depressed immunity to their tumor associated antigens. This study confirms the importance of maintaining good host lymphocyte immunity after completion of standard therapy and validates the value of cancer immunotherapy in the adjuvant setting.
NKG2D Controls Natural Reactivity of Vγ9Vδ2 T Lymphocytes against Mesenchymal Glioblastoma Cells
Authors: Cynthia Chauvin, Noémie Joalland, Jeanne Perroteau, Ulrich Jarry, Laura Lafrance, Catherine Willem, Christelle Retière, Lisa Oliver, Catherine Gratas, Laetitia Gautreau-Rolland, Xavier Saulquin, François M. Vallette, Henri Vié, Emmanuel Scotet, Claire Pecqueur
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Purpose: Cellular immunotherapies are currently being explored to eliminate highly invasive and chemoradioresistant glioblastoma (GBM) cells involved in rapid relapse. We recently showed that concomitant stereotactic injections of nonalloreactive allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes eradicate zoledronate-primed human GBM cells. In the present study, we investigated the spontaneous reactivity of allogeneic human Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes toward primary human GBM cells, in vitro and in vivo, in the absence of any prior sensitization. Experimental Design: Through functional and transcriptomic analyses, we extensively characterized the immunoreactivity of human Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes against various primary GBM cultures directly derived from patient tumors. Results: We evidenced that GBM cells displaying a mesenchymal signature are spontaneously eliminated by allogeneic human Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes, a reactivity process being mediated by γδ T-cell receptor (TCR) and tightly regulated by cellular stress–associated NKG2D pathway. This led to the identification of highly reactive Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocyte populations, independently of a specific TCR repertoire signature. Moreover, we finally provide evidence of immunotherapeutic efficacy in vivo, in the absence of any prior tumor cell sensitization. Conclusions: By identifying pathways implicated in the selective natural recognition of mesenchymal GBM cell subtypes, accounting for 30% of primary diagnosed and 60% of recurrent GBM, our results pave the way for novel targeted cellular immunotherapies.
A Metabolic Vulnerability of Vision
Authors: Henna Tyynismaa
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

New therapies targeting metabolic vulnerabilities of specific tumor types have created wide interest in recent years. Through research now reported in the Journal by Gantner et al.,1 metabolic precision therapy may become possible in patients with a rare eye disease, macular telangiectasia type 2, which leads to a progressive loss of central vision in both eyes in middle-aged or older persons.2 The macula is the small area in the back of the eye that is responsible for high-resolution (i.e., sharp) vision. In the center of the macula is the fovea, which has the highest density of cone photoreceptor cells and . . .
Myelofibrosis in 2019: moving beyond JAK2 inhibition
Authors: Michael Schieber, John D. Crispino, Brady Stein
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2019)

Abstract Myelofibrosis (MF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by ineffective clonal hematopoiesis, splenomegaly, bone marrow fibrosis, and the propensity for transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. The discovery of mutations in JAK2 , CALR , and MPL have uncovered activated JAK-STAT signaling as a primary driver of MF, supporting a rationale for JAK inhibition. However, JAK inhibition alone is insufficient for long-term remission and offers modest, if any, disease-modifying effects. Given this, there is great interest in identifying mechanisms that cooperate with JAK-STAT signaling to predict disease progression and rationally guide the development of novel therapies. This review outlines the latest discoveries in the biology of MF, discusses current clinical management of patients with MF, and summarizes the ongoing clinical trials that hope to change the landscape of MF treatment.
GMC pledges to improve doctors’ training at Scotland’s largest hospital
Authors: Bryan Christie
Journal: BMJ (2019)

The General Medical Council is promising to take “whatever action is necessary” to improve training standards at Scotland’s largest hospital following complaints from junior doctors.

The internal medicine department at the Queen Elizabeth University Hospital in Glasgow has been under enhanced monitoring since 2016 because of concerns about workload pressures leading to an unsafe working environment for both doctors and patients. The 1100 bed adult hospital is part of a medical campus which was one of the largest in Europe when it opened in 2015.

An inspection report by the Scotland deanery of NHS …
Cultural evolutionary psychology is still evolutionary psychology
Authors: Marco Fenici, Duilio Garofoli
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2019)

The cognitive gadgets theory proposes to reform evolutionary psychology by replacing the standard nativist and internalist approach to modularity with a cultural constructivist one. However, the resulting "cultural evolutionary psychology" still maintains some controversial aspects of the original neo-Darwinian paradigm. These assumptions are unnecessary to the cognitive gadgets theory and can be eliminated without significant conceptual loss.
Learned Immunosuppressive Placebo Response Attenuates Disease Progression in a Rodent Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Laura Lückemann, Hubert Stangl, Rainer H. Straub, Manfred Schedlowski, Martin Hadamitzky
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2019)

Objective Patients with chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases benefit from a broad spectrum of immunosuppressive and antiproliferative medication available today. However, nearly all of these therapeutic compounds have unwanted toxic side effects. Recent knowledge about the neurobiology of placebo responses indicates that associative learning procedures can be utilized for dose reduction in immunopharmacotherapy while simultaneously maintaining treatment efficacy. This study was undertaken to examine whether and to what extent a 75% reduction of pharmacologic medication in combination with learned immunosuppression affects the clinical outcome in a rodent model of type II collagen–induced arthritis. Methods An established protocol of taste‐immune conditioning was applied in a disease model of chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease (type II collagen–induced arthritis) in rats, where a novel taste (saccharin; conditioned stimulus [CS]) was paired with an injection of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CSA) (unconditioned stimulus [US]). Following conditioning with 3 CS/US pairings (acquisition), the animals were immunized with type II collagen and Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Fourteen days later, at the first occurrence of clinical symptoms, retrieval was started by presenting the CS together with low‐dose CSA as reminder cues to prevent the conditioned response from being extinguished. Results This “memory‐updating” procedure stabilized the learned immune response and significantly suppressed disease progression in immunized rats. Clinical arthritis score and histologic inflammatory symptoms (both P &lt; 0.05) were significantly diminished by learned immunosuppression in combination with low‐dose CSA (25% of the full therapeutic dose) via β‐adrenoceptor–dependent mechanisms, to the same extent as with full‐dose (100%) pharmacologic treatment. Conclusion These results indicate that learned immunosuppression appears to be mediated via β‐adrenoceptors and might be beneficial as a supportive regimen in the treatment of chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases by diminishing disease exacerbation.
A panel of clinical and biological markers predict difficult‐to‐treat chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Bo Liao, Jin‐Xin Liu, Cui‐Lian Guo, Zhi‐Yong Li, Li Pan, Zheng Liu
Journal: Allergy (2019)

Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Favorable Outcomes with Fludarabine, High Dose Cytarabine and Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (FLAG) As Re-Induction for Residual Acute Myeloid Leukemia on Day 14 Bone Marrow
Authors: Omer Jamy, Sejong Bae, Luciano J. Costa, Harry P. Erba, Nikolaos Papadantonakis
Journal: Blood (2017)
Exacerbation-prone asthma in the context of race and ancestry in Asthma Clinical Research Network trials
Authors: Nicole L. Grossman, Victor E. Ortega, Tonya S. King, Eugene R. Bleecker, Elizabeth A. Ampleford, Leonard B. Bacharier, Michael D. Cabana, Juan C. Cardet, Tara F. Carr, Mario Castro, Loren C. Denlinger, Joshua L. Denson, Nicolas Fandino, Anne M. Fitzpatrick, Gregory A. Hawkins, Fernando Holguin, Jerry A. Krishnan, Stephen C. Lazarus, Sharmilee M. Nyenhuis, Wanda Phipatanakul, Sima K. Ramratnam, Sally Wenzel, Stephen P. Peters, Deborah A. Meyers, Michael E. Wechsler, Elliot Israel
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)
Blood Flow Suppresses Vascular Anomalies in a Zebrafish Model of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations
Authors: Claudia Jasmin Rödel, Cécile Otten, Stefan Donat, Marta Lourenço, Dorothea Fischer, Benno Kuropka, Alessio Paolini, Christian Freund, Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried
Journal: Circulation Research (2019)

Rationale: Pathological biomechanical signaling induces vascular anomalies including cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM), which are caused by a clonal loss of CCM1/KRIT1 (Krev interaction trapped protein 1), CCM2/MGC4607, or CCM3/PDCD10. Why patients typically experience lesions only in lowly perfused venous capillaries of the cerebrovasculature is completely unknown. Objective: In contrast, animal models with a complete loss of CCM proteins lack a functional heart and blood flow and exhibit vascular anomalies within major blood vessels as well. This finding raises the possibility that hemodynamics may play a role in the context of this vascular pathology. Methods and Results: Here, we used a genetic approach to restore cardiac function and blood flow in a zebrafish model of CCM1. We find that blood flow prevents cardiovascular anomalies including a hyperplastic expansion within a large Ccm1-deficient vascular bed, the lateral dorsal aorta. Conclusions: This study identifies blood flow as an important physiological factor that is protective in the cause of this devastating vascular pathology.
Blocking of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid1 (TRPV1) Promotes Lysosomal Destabilization and Enhances Bortezomib-Induced ER Stress and Cell Death Via HSP70 and LAMP3 Down-Regulation: Novel Therapeutic Target for Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Katia Beider, Valeria Voevoda, Hanna Bitner, Evgenia Rosenberg, Yaarit Sirovsky, Hila Magen, Olga Ostrovsky, Avichai Shimoni, Zohar Bromberg, Amnon Peled, Arnon Nagler
Journal: Blood (2017)
Abstract P3-10-29: tRNA-derived fragments as novel predictive biomarkers for trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer
Authors: C Sun, W Li, H Wu, X Huang, J Li, Z Fu, J Tang, Y Yin
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background: Resistance to trastuzumab remains a common challenge to HER-2 positive breast cancer. Up until now, the underlying mechanism of trastuzumab resistance is still unclear. tRNA-derived small non-coding RNAs, a new class of small non-coding RNA (sncRNAs), have been observed to play an important role in cancer progression. However, the relationship between tRNA-derived fragments and trastuzumab resistance is still unknown. Methods:We detected the levels of tRNA-derived fragments expression in normal breast epithelial cell lines, trastuzumab-sensitive and -resistant breast cancer cell linesusing high-throughput sequencing.qRT-PCR was conducted to validate the differentially expressed fragments in serums from trastuzumab-sensitive and -resistant patients. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the power of specific tRNA-derived fragments.Progression-free survival (PFS) was analyzed using Cox-regression. Results:Our sequence results showed that tRNA-derived fragments were differentially expressed in the HBL-100, SKBR3, and JIMT-1 cell lines. tRF-30-JZOYJE22RR33 and tRF-27-ZDXPHO53KSN were found significantly upregulated in trastuzumab-resistant patients compared to sensitive individuals, and the ROC analysis showed that tRF-30-JZOYJE22RR33 and tRF-27-ZDXPHO53KSN were correlated with trastuzumab resistance. In a multivariate analysis, higher levels of tRF-30-JZOYJE22RR33 and tRF-27-ZDXPHO53KSN expression were associated with significantly shorter PFS in patients with metastatic HER-2 positive breast cancer. Conclusion: Our results suggest that tRF-30-JZOYJE22RR33 and tRF-27-ZDXPHO53KSN play important roles in trastuzumab resistance. Patients with high levels of tRF-30-JZOYJE22RR33 and tRF-27-ZDXPHO53KSN expression benefitted less from trastuzumab-based therapy than those that express lower-levels of these molecules. tRF-30-JZOYJE22RR33 and tRF-27-ZDXPHO53KSN may be potential biomarkers and intervention targets in the clinical treatment of trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer. Citation Format: Sun C, Li W, Wu H, Huang X, Li J, Fu Z, Tang J, Yin Y. tRNA-derived fragments as novel predictive biomarkers for trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-10-29.
Cost Minimization Analysis of Same-Day Long-Acting Reversible Contraception for Adolescents
Authors: Tracey A. Wilkinson, Stephen M. Downs, Brownsyne Tucker Edmonds
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) is considered first-line contraception for adolescents but often requires multiple clinic visits to obtain.To analyze Indiana Medicaid's cost savings associated with providing adolescents with same-day access to LARC.An economic evaluation of cost minimization from the payer's (Medicaid) perspective was performed from August 2017 through August 2018. The cost model examined the anticipated outcome of providing LARC at the first visit compared with requiring a second visit for placement. The costs and probabilities of clinic visits, devices, device insertions and removals, unintended pregnancy, and births, according to previously published sources, were incorporated into the model. The participants were payers (Medicaid).The outcomes were the cost of same-day LARC placement vs LARC placement at a subsequent visit in US dollars, and rates of unintended pregnancy and abortion. One-way sensitivity analysis was done.Same-day LARC placement was associated with lower overall costs ($2016 per patient over 1 year) compared with LARC placement at a subsequent visit ($4133 per patient over 1 year). Compared with the return-visit strategy, same-day LARC was associated with an unintended pregnancy rate of 14% vs 48% and an abortion rate of 4% vs 14%.Providing same-day LARC could save costs for Medicaid, largely by preventing unintended pregnancy. Expected cost savings could be used to implement policies that make this strategy feasible in all clinical settings.