tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Kawasaki disease or Kawasaki syndrome?
Authors: Angelo Ravelli, Alberto Martini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

In the first months of COVID-19 pandemic, paediatricians were not much involved in the management of the illness. Reports from China had shown that relatively few children and adolescents were affected, and that most of those who were infected had experienced milder disease compared with adults.1 2 The same trend was initially seen after the spread of COVID-19 to Western countries.3 4 

However, between April and May 2020, a rise in the number of children and adolescents with an acute multisystem hyperinflammatory state fulfilling full or partial criteria for Kawasaki disease (KD),5 although frequently accompanied by unusual or less common symptoms, such as abdominal pain, diarrhoea and myocardial failure, was noticed in European and North American countries or regions mostly hit by the COVID-19 pandemic.6–9 A number of these children needed urgent intensive care treatment due to the development of toxic shock syndrome, leading to multiorgan failure and circulatory shock, usually of myocardial origin, and some of them had signs of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). Markers of inflammation were elevated, with neutrophilia, prominently increased C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6, D-dimer and ferritin levels, and hypoalbuminaemia. Lymphopenia and relative thrombocytopenia were often present. Management was based on the administration of anti-inflammatory treatment, which included intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and glucocorticoids. In some instances, IL-1, IL-6 or tumour necrosis factor inhibitors were given. Some, but not all, of these patients tested positive on swabs or serology for SARS-CoV-2 or were exposed to potential contact with a household member affected with COVID-19.

Alerts have been issued by national health authorities and paediatric scientific societies to raise awareness of this emerging syndrome in the medical community.10–14 This condition, which has been named ‘Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporarily associated to SARS-CoV-2 infection’ (PIMS-TS) in the UK, ‘Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children’ in …
MHC class II invariant chain–adjuvanted viral vectored vaccines enhances T cell responses in humans
Authors: Ilaria Esposito, Paola Cicconi, Anna Morena D’Alise, Anthony Brown, Marialuisa Esposito, Leo Swadling, Peter Johannes Holst, Maria Rosaria Bassi, Mariano Stornaiuolo, Federica Mori, Ventzislav Vassilev, Wenqin Li, Timothy Donnison, Chiara Gentile, Bethany Turner, Annette von Delft, Mariarosaria Del Sorbo, Federica Barra, Alessandra Maria Contino, Adele Abbate, Ettore Novellino, Allan Randrup Thomsen, Jan Pravsgaard Christensen, Armin Lahm, Fabiana Grazioli, Virginia Ammendola, Loredana Siani, Stefano Colloca, Paul Klenerman, Alfredo Nicosia, Lucy Dorrell, Antonella Folgori, Stefania Capone, Eleanor Barnes, Carly Bliss, Emma Ghaffari, Felicity Hartnell, Jakub Kopycinski, Shokouh Makvandi-Nejad, Verity Nevin, Dorota Borys, Dominique Boutriau, Landry Cochard, Lan Lin, Frank Struyf, Tomáš Hanke, Ciaran Bannan, Colim Bergin, Matthias Hoffman, Patrick Schmid, Pietro Vernazza, Clair Gardiner, Elena Woods
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2020)

Administration of an MHC class II invariant chain–adjuvanted HCV vaccine in humans leads to enhanced immunogenicity via the proteasome pathway.
MMTV-NeuマウスにおけるTip30欠失は,EGFRシグナル伝達の強化とエストロゲン受容体陽性かつプロゲステロン受容体陰性の乳房腫瘍の発達をもたらす | 文献情報 | J-GLOBAL 科学技術総合リンクセンター
Authors: Zhang Chengliang, Mori Mikito, Gao Shenglan, LI Aimin, Hoshino Isamu, D Aupperlee Mark, Z Haslam Sandra, Xiao Hua
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)
Abstract B07: Potential clinical value of methylated microRNAs in saliva-liquid biopsy for surveillance of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ling Lv, Steve Quattlebaum, Dexiang Gao, Yu Cao, Ben Milam, Francis Hall, Derek Smith, Elyse Handley, Sophia Bornstein, Neil Gross, John Song, Shi-Long Lu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a biologically aggressive cancer in which high rates of recurrence (local, locoregional, or distant) contribute significantly to poor patient survival. One of the primary goals for current clinical practice of HNSCC surveillance is to detect recurrence at an early stage. However, current methods are either subjective, invasive, hard to access, not able to detect recurrence in a timely manner, or expensive. Saliva, given its directly adjacence to the anatomic location of HNSCC, may represent an opportunity to monitor HNSCC progression in a completely noninvasive, easy-to-access, and cost-effective method for HNSCC surveillance in a timely manner. We have developed a panel of seven biomarkers through screening of methylated microRNA loci (i.e., 9-1, 124-1, 124-2, 124-3, 129-2, 137, and 148) for HNSCC, and hereafter referred to as HNKlear. HNKlear demonstrated 92.1% sensitivity and 97.8% specificity in 189 HNSCC and 92 control tissue samples and 84.9% sensitivity and 95.4% in 86 pretreatment HNSCC and 108 control saliva samples. HNKlear is able to detect 93.5% T1 tumor and 91.2% stage I tumor in tissue, and 85.0% or 80.0% of HNSCC saliva when tumor is at T1 or stage I, respectively. In our prospective study, the value of HNKlear in patients’ saliva correlates with the tumor burden in 42 patients’ saliva before and after surgery within 3 months. HNKlear value is associated with progression-free survival in 57 primary tumor tissues and 38 treatment-naïve saliva. More importantly, HNKlear in saliva was shown to detect recurrence ranging from 90-337 days ahead of clinical detection of recurrence in the longitudinal follow-up of 43 HNSCC patients. Although these findings need to be validated in a large clinical trial, they suggest that analysis of certain methylated mciroRNA in saliva could have clinical significance for surveillance of HNSCC patients. Citation Format: Ling Lv, Steve Quattlebaum, Dexiang Gao, Yu Cao, Ben Milam, Francis Hall, Derek Smith, Elyse Handley, Sophia Bornstein, Neil Gross, John Song, Shi-Long Lu. Potential clinical value of methylated microRNAs in saliva-liquid biopsy for surveillance of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Liquid Biopsies; Jan 13-16, 2020; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(11_Suppl):Abstract nr B07.
Automatic detection of different types of small-bowel lesions on capsule endoscopy images using a newly developed deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Keita Otani, Ayako Nakada, Yusuke Kurose, Ryota Niikura, Atsuo Yamada, Tomonori Aoki, Hiroyoshi Nakanishi, Hisashi Doyama, Kenkei Hasatani, Tetsuya Sumiyoshi, Masaru Kitsuregawa, Tatsuya Harada, Kazuhiko Koike
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Abstract Background Previous computer-aided detection systems for diagnosing lesions in images from wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) have been limited to a single type of small-bowel lesion. We developed a new artificial intelligence (AI) system able to diagnose multiple types of lesions, including erosions and ulcers, vascular lesions, and tumors. Methods We trained the deep neural network system RetinaNet on a data set of 167 patients, which consisted of images of 398 erosions and ulcers, 538 vascular lesions, 4590 tumors, and 34 437 normal tissues. We calculated the mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for each lesion type using five-fold stratified cross-validation. Results The mean age of the patients was 63.6 years; 92 were men. The mean AUCs of the AI system were 0.996 (95 %CI 0.992 – 0.999) for erosions and ulcers, 0.950 (95 %CI 0.923 – 0.978) for vascular lesions, and 0.950 (95 %CI 0.913 – 0.988) for tumors. Conclusion We developed and validated a new computer-aided diagnosis system for multiclass diagnosis of small-bowel lesions in WCE images.
Metabolic liver disease in diabetes – From mechanisms to clinical trials
Authors: Bedair Dewidar, Sabine Kahl, Kalliopi Pafili, Michael Roden
Journal: Metabolism (2020)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprises fatty liver (steatosis), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis/cirrhosis and may lead to end-stage liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is tightly associated with the most frequent metabolic disorders, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Both multisystem diseases share several common mechanisms. Alterations of tissue communications include excessive lipid and later cytokine release by dysfunctional adipose tissue, intestinal dysbiosis and ectopic fat deposition in skeletal muscle. On the hepatocellular level, this leads to insulin resistance due to abnormal lipid handling and mitochondrial function. Over time, cellular oxidative stress and activation of inflammatory pathways, again supported by multiorgan crosstalk, determine NAFLD progression. Recent studies show that particularly the severe insulin resistant diabetes (SIRD) subgroup (cluster) associates with NAFLD and its accelerated progression and increases the risk of diabetes-related cardiovascular and kidney diseases, underpinning the critical role of insulin resistance. Consequently, lifestyle modification and certain drug classes used to treat T2DM have demonstrated effectiveness for treating NAFLD, but also some novel therapeutic concepts may be beneficial for both NAFLD and T2DM. This review addresses the bidirectional relationship between mechanisms underlying T2DM and NAFLD, the relevance of novel biomarkers for improving the diagnostic modalities and the identification of subgroups at specific risk of disease progression. Also, the role of metabolism-related drugs in NAFLD is discussed in light of the recent clinical trials. Finally, this review highlights some challenges to be addressed by future studies on NAFLD in the context of T2DM.
Open-label, Phase I Study of Nivolumab Combined with <i>nab</i>-Paclitaxel Plus Gemcitabine in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Zev A. Wainberg, Howard S. Hochster, Edward J. Kim, Ben George, Aparna Kaylan, E. Gabriela Chiorean, David M. Waterhouse, Martin Guiterrez, Aparna Parikh, Rishi Jain, Daniel Ricardo Carrizosa, Hatem H. Soliman, Thomas Lila, David J. Reiss, Daniel W. Pierce, Rafia Bhore, Sibabrata Banerjee, Larry Lyons, Chrystal U. Louis, Teng Jin Ong, Peter J. O'Dwyer
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Assess safety and efficacy of nivolumab plus nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine in patients with locally advanced/metastatic pancreatic cancer in a two-part, open-label, phase I trial.Fifty chemotherapy-naive patients received nab-paclitaxel 125 mg/m2 plus gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 (days 1, 8, and 15) and nivolumab 3 mg/kg (days 1 and 15) in 28-day cycles. The primary endpoints were dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs; part 1) and grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) or treatment discontinuation due to TEAEs (parts 1/2). Secondary efficacy endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and response. Assessment of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was an exploratory endpoint; additional biomarkers were assessed post hoc.One DLT (hepatitis) was reported in part 1 among six DLT-evaluable patients; 48 of 50 patients experienced grade 3/4 TEAEs and 18 discontinued treatment due to TEAEs. One grade 5 TEAE (respiratory failure) was reported. Median [95% confidence interval (CI)] PFS/OS was 5.5 (3.25-7.20 months)/9.9 (6.74-12.16 months) months, respectively [median follow-up for OS, 13.6 months (95% CI, 12.06-23.49 months)]. Overall response rate (95% CI) was 18% (8.6%-31.4%). Median PFS/OS was 5.5/9.7 months (PD-L1 <5%) and 6.8/11.6 months (PD-L1 ≥5%), respectively. Proportion of peripheral Ki67+ CD8+/CD4+ cells increased significantly from baseline to cycle 3; median peak on-treatment Ki67+ CD8+ T-cell values were higher in responders than in nonresponders.The safety profile of nivolumab plus nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine at standard doses in advanced pancreatic cancer was manageable, with no unexpected safety signals. Overall, the clinical results of this study do not support further investigation.
Tocilizumab in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Giovanni Guaraldi, Marianna Meschiari, Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri, Jovana Milic, Roberto Tonelli, Marianna Menozzi, Erica Franceschini, Gianluca Cuomo, Gabriella Orlando, Vanni Borghi, Antonella Santoro, Margherita Di Gaetano, Cinzia Puzzolante, Federica Carli, Andrea Bedini, Luca Corradi, Riccardo Fantini, Ivana Castaniere, Luca Tabbì, Massimo Girardis, Sara Tedeschi, Maddalena Giannella, Michele Bartoletti, Renato Pascale, Giovanni Dolci, Lucio Brugioni, Antonello Pietrangelo, Andrea Cossarizza, Federico Pea, Enrico Clini, Carlo Salvarani, Marco Massari, Pier Luigi Viale, Cristina Mussini
Journal: The Lancet Rheumatology (2020)
Clinicopathologic Aspects of a Papulovesicular Eruption in a Patient With COVID-19
Authors: Laurence Toutous Trellu, Gürkan Kaya, Chloé Alberto, Adrien Calame, Thomas McKee, Alexandra Calmy
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2020)

patients 1 and 2), trichiasis (patients 2 and 4), and excessive tearing (patient 4).Patient 1 had phimosis that was corrected surgically.
Abstract B26: A new way of fabricating high-porosity parylene membranes for high-throughput capturing of viable circulating and exfoliated tumor cells from large-volume bodily fluids
Authors: Jian Gu, Inad Rabadi, Frederic Zenhausern, David Carpentieri, Jue Wang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Liquid biopsy is a critical component in cancer precision medicine. The ability to capture rare cancer cells from liquid samples, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from peripheral blood as well as exfoliated tumor cells (ETCs) from other body fluids, has shown great promises in cancer detection and prognosis, as well as understanding of cancer biology at different stages. Different ways have been developed for rare cancer cell capture, including biomarker-based immunocapture and capture through other physical processes, such as size, mechanical or dielectric properties, hydrodynamic fluids, etc. However, the throughputs of these techniques are limited to 0.2-2 mL/min. Recently, a high-porosity parylene membrane has been shown to be able to process sample at a fluid rate of &amp;gt; 100 mL/min, which would greatly extend the capability of CTC and ETC-based liquid biopsy. The high porosity of the membrane can also dramatically reduce the shear stress the tumor cells encountered during capture, which has been shown to be critical to maintain cell viability. However, the current parylene membrane fabrication involves deep Si reactive ion etching, which is an expensive process and not widely available. The release of the parylene membrane can also be challenging. We report here a new method to fabricate the parylene membrane using simple photolithography and reactive ion etching techniques. The fabricated parylene membranes and their capability of processing large volume sample for viable cell capture will be presented. Citation Format: Jian Gu, Inad Rabadi, Frederic Zenhausern, David Carpentieri, Jue Wang. A new way of fabricating high-porosity parylene membranes for high-throughput capturing of viable circulating and exfoliated tumor cells from large-volume bodily fluids [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Liquid Biopsies; Jan 13-16, 2020; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(11_Suppl):Abstract nr B26.
Abstract B37: Analysis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) circulating biomarkers for monitoring early response to radiation therapy
Authors: Emma Purcell, Zeqi Niu, Madeline Grzesik, Sarah Owen, Heather Fairbairn, Shruti Jolly, Sunitha Nagrath
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Approximately 20% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients will be diagnosed with stage 3 cancer, with a predicted survival rate between 20-30%. Stage 3 NSCLC patients commonly undergo chemoradiation treatment, with imaging scans being the standard of care for determining tumor control or progression both during and after radiation treatment. Imaging technologies can only show progression after it has occurred, making treatment challenging. We suggest that the molecular characterization of biomarkers found in the bloodstream can identify or predict radiation treatment efficacy before progression becomes visible on a scan. In this study, patients undergo a response-driven adaptive radiation therapy (RDART) protocol: four weeks of chemoradiation followed by a set of imaging scans before an additional 2 weeks of adapted, personalized radiation with chemotherapy. In this work, we provide combined analysis of both circulating tumor cells (CTCs), a rare cell found in a patient’s peripheral blood, and exosomes, nanovesicles excreted from cells, for use in assessing radiation efficacy. Our initial cohort is 30 patients, and we aimed to collect six timepoints: one pretreatment, two during radiation treatment, and three after radiation treatment. In this study, we look at the changes in several characteristics: CTC counts, PD-L1 expression on CTCs, as well as gene expression changes of both CTCs and exosomes using Affymetrix microarrays. CTCs were isolated using a graphene oxide (GO)-based microfluidic device and were found to be present in all pretreatment samples and most following samples. Initial transcriptome profiling of 5 patients using microarrays highlighted clustered gene expression differences for both CTCs and exosomes when comparing pretreatment samples with those collected during radiation. Citation Format: Emma Purcell, Zeqi Niu, Madeline Grzesik, Sarah Owen, Heather Fairbairn, Shruti Jolly, Sunitha Nagrath. Analysis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) circulating biomarkers for monitoring early response to radiation therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Liquid Biopsies; Jan 13-16, 2020; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(11_Suppl):Abstract nr B37.
Management of Immune-Related Adverse Events Affecting Outcome in Patients Treated With Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Karijn P. M. Suijkerbuijk, Ellen Kapiteijn, Rik J. Verheijden
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

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Detection of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant, <i>β</i>-Lactamase–Producing <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> Serogroup Y Isolates — United States, 2019–2020
Authors: Lucy A. McNamara, Caelin Potts, Amy E. Blain, Adam C. Retchless, Natashia Reese, Stephanie Swint, David Lonsway, Maria Karlsson, Kristy Lunquest, John J. Sweitzer, Xin Wang, Susan Hariri, LeAnne M. Fox, Nirmala Dhungana, Ryan Gabrio-Brannon, Jennifer Kyle, Brittany Martin, Meghan Barnes, Ashley Moore, Susan Hannagan, Page Keating, Sandy Li, Justin Albertson, Wayne Fleming, Perrianne Lurie, Christina Russell, Kara Reid, Kelsey Sanders, Chas DeBolt, Nicholas Graff, Esther Lam, Benjamin Hanisch, Gillian Taormina
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

Meningococcal disease is a sudden-onset, life-threatening illness caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis. Prompt empiric antibiotic treatment can reduce morbidity and mortality among patients, and antibiotic prophylaxis can prevent secondary disease in close contacts. Historically, N. meningitidis isolates in the United States have largely been susceptible to the antibiotics recommended for treatment and prophylaxis, including penicillin and ciprofloxacin. This report describes detection of penicillin-resistant and ciprofloxacin-resistant N. meningitidis serogroup Y (NmY) isolates in the United States. NmY isolates containing a blaROB-1 β-lactamase enzyme gene conferring resistance to penicillins (1) were recovered from 33 cases reported during 2013-2020. Isolates from 11 of these cases, reported during 2019-2020, harbored a ciprofloxacin resistance-associated mutation in a chromosomal gene (gyrA). Cases were reported from 12 geographically disparate states; a majority of cases (22 of 33, 67%) occurred in Hispanic persons. These cases represent a substantial increase in penicillin-resistant and ciprofloxacin-resistant meningococci in the United States since 2013. Ceftriaxone and cefotaxime, the recommended first-line agents for empiric bacterial meningitis treatment, can continue to be used for treatment, but health care providers should ascertain susceptibility of meningococcal isolates to penicillin before switching to penicillin or ampicillin. Ongoing monitoring for antimicrobial resistance among meningococcal isolates and prophylaxis failures will be important to inform treatment and prophylaxis recommendations.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma during Treatment with Ixazomib-Thalidomide-Dexamethasone Followed By Ixazomib Maintenance
Authors: Heinz Ludwig, Wolfram Pönisch, Alexander Egle, Stefan Knop, Martin Schreder, Daniel Lechner, Roman Hajek, Eberhard Gunsilius, Michael A. Fridrik, Andreas Petzer, Katja C. Weisel, Dietger Niederwieser, Axel Hinke, Richard Greil, Niklas Zojer
Journal: Blood (2017)
Albumin-constrained large-scale synthesis of renal clearable ferrous sulfide quantum dots for T1-Weighted MR imaging and phototheranostics of tumors
Authors: Weitao Yang, Chenyang Xiang, Yan Xu, Shizhen Chen, Weiwei Zeng, Kai Liu, Xiao Jin, Xin Zhou, Bingbo Zhang
Journal: Biomaterials (2020)