tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nationwide survey: Impact of COVID-19 on Mohs micrographic surgery and service recommendations
Authors: P. Nicholson, F. Ali, R. Mallipeddi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

The COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed and disrupted healthcare systems including dermatology services  We conducted a survey focusing on the impact of the pandemic on Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) practices and invited all British Society for Dermatological Surgery members undertaking MMS to complete the survey over 3 weeks  Our findings are relevant for the restoration of MMS services and in preparation for a 'second wave' of COVID-19 cases or future pandemics  We received 47 responses (estimated 52% response rate)  In the majority of departments (77%) doctors and nurses were redeployed to intensive care and medical wards  As a direct consequence, 49% reported that MMS services stopped  Free-text responses questioned whether the respondent felt that the level of redeployment was necessary or excessive (and at a cost to cancer services)  Clinicians also highlighted that MMS was suspended owing to a lack of personal protective equipment (PPE)  There was confusion around aerosol-generating procedure PPE and concerns the virus may persist in fresh frozen tissue (a risk for laboratory staff)  Ninety-six per cent of respondents continuing with MMS rationalized patients  Where post-MMS reconstruction was performed in-house, 35% reported a decrease in proportion of grafts/flaps  Seventy-four per cent reported a decrease in proportion of external reconstructions by other specialties  Eighty-one per cent increased use of dissolvable sutures  Regarding postoperative care, 71% saw no change in prescribing prophylactic antibiotics, 29% reported an increase  Forty per cent reported that they were not reviewing patients for MMS consultations/follow-up appointments  Ninety-one per cent reported a decrease in faceto-face consultations;86% and 50% reported an increase in telephone and video consultations, respectively  Several organizations have published guidance on treating nonmelanoma skin cancers during the pandemic, but there is paucity of guidance on MMS  Seventy per cent of survey participants felt a unified decision from national bodies would be helpful  Deferring treatment will lead to tumour progression and increased tumour burden, resulting in more challenging reconstructions and an increased likelihood of metastasis  We propose several recommendations to minimize risks of COVID-19 and deliver MMS services safely  This is the first nationwide survey to demonstrate the impact of COVID-19 on MMS services;it highlights significant levels of redeployment and cessation of MMS services  While it is encouraging that departments have taken measures to reduce the number of face-to-face patient encounters and have rationalized patients for MMS, uncertainty remains on best practice  Multispeciality national guidance during this and future pandemics will help the safe and effective provision of MMS for patients
Flotetuzumab as salvage immunotherapy for refractory acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Geoffrey L. Uy, Ibrahim Aldoss, Matthew C. Foster, Peter H. Sayre, Matthew J. Wieduwilt, Anjali S. Advani, John E. Godwin, Martha L. Arellano, Kendra L. Sweet, Ashkan Emadi, Farhad Ravandi, Harry P. Erba, Michael Byrne, Laura Michaelis, Max S. Topp, Norbert Vey, Fabio Ciceri, Matteo Giovanni Carrabba, Stefania Paolini, Gerwin A. Huls, Mojca Jongen-Lavrencic, Martin Wermke, Patrice Chevallier, Emmanuel Gyan, Christian Récher, Patrick J. Stiff, Kristen M. Pettit, Bob Löwenberg, Sarah E. Church, Erica Anderson, Jayakumar Vadakekolathu, Marianne Santaguida, Michael P. Rettig, John Muth, Teia Curtis, Erin Fehr, Kuo Guo, Jian Zhao, Ouiam Bakkacha, Kenneth Jacobs, Kathy Tran, Patrick Kaminker, Maya Kostova, Ezio Bonvini, Roland B. Walter, Jan K. Davidson-Moncada, Sergio Rutella, John F. DiPersio
Journal: Blood (2020)
Outcomes of Cancer Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Vardhmaan Jain, Anas M. Saad, Mohamed M. Gad, Agam Bansal, Omar Abdelfattah, Medhat Farwati, Keerat Rai Ahuja, James Yun, Amar Krishnaswamy, Samir R. Kapadia
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2020)

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has evolved as a first-line treatment modality for patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS). The proportion of patients with cancer who require TAVR has gradually increased, with a prevalence close to 4% ([1][1]). Although surgical aortic valve
Endogenous Glucocorticoid Signaling Regulates CD8+ T Cell Differentiation and Development of Dysfunction in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Nandini Acharya, Asaf Madi, Huiyuan Zhang, Max Klapholz, Giulia Escobar, Shai Dulberg, Elena Christian, Michelle Ferreira, Karen O. Dixon, Geoffrey Fell, Katherine Tooley, Davide Mangani, Junrong Xia, Meromit Singer, Marcus Bosenberg, Donna Neuberg, Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen, Aviv Regev, Vijay K. Kuchroo, Ana C. Anderson
Journal: Immunity (2020)
Thalamic Nuclei Volumes in Psychotic Disorders and in Youths With Psychosis Spectrum Symptoms
Authors: Anna S. Huang, Baxter P. Rogers, Julia M. Sheffield, Maria E. Jalbrzikowski, Alan Anticevic, Jennifer Urbano Blackford, Stephan Heckers, Neil D. Woodward
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2020)

Objective: Thalamus models of psychosis implicate association nuclei in the pathogenesis of psychosis and mechanisms of cognitive impairment. Studies to date have provided conflicting findings for structural deficits specific to these nuclei. The authors sought to characterize thalamic structural abnormalities in psychosis and a neurodevelopmental cohort, and to determine whether nuclear volumes were associated with cognitive function. Methods: Thalamic nuclei volumes were tested in a cross-sectional sample of 472 adults (293 with psychosis) and the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC), consisting of 1,393 youths (398 with psychosis spectrum symptoms and 609 with other psychopathologies), using a recently developed, validated method for segmenting thalamic nuclei and complementary voxel-based morphometry. Cognitive function was measured with the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry in the psychosis cohort and the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery in the PNC. Results: The psychosis group had smaller pulvinar, mediodorsal, and, to a lesser extent, ventrolateral nuclei volumes compared with the healthy control group. Youths with psychosis spectrum symptoms also had smaller pulvinar volumes, compared with both typically developing youths and youths with other psychopathologies. Pulvinar volumes were positively correlated with general cognitive function. Conclusions: The study findings demonstrate that smaller thalamic association nuclei represent a neurodevelopmental abnormality associated with psychosis, risk for psychosis in youths, and cognitive impairment. Identifying specific thalamic nuclei abnormalities in psychosis has implications for early detection of psychosis risk and treatment of cognitive impairment in psychosis.
Transcranial Low–Level Light Therapy: A New Hope for Preventing Cognitive Consequences of Traumatic Brain Injuries?
Authors: Juliana Belo Diniz
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Maria Gabriela Figueiro Longo, MD, MSc; Can Ozan Tan, PhD; Suk-tak Chan, PhD; Jonathan Welt, BS; Arman Avesta, MD; Eva Ratai, PhD; Nathaniel David Mercaldo, PhD; Anastasia Yendiki, PhD; Jacqueline Namati, PhD; Isabel Chico-Calero, PhD; Blair A. Parry, BA; Lynn Drake, MD; Rox Anderson, MD; Terry Rauch, PhD; Ramon Diaz-Arrastia, MD, PhD; Michael Lev, MD; Jarone Lee, MD; Michael Hamblin, PhD; Benjamin Vakoc, PhD; Rajiv Gupta, MD, PhD
心臓ペースメーカー及び抗不整脈デバイスの植込みに関するACC/AHAガイドライン アメリカ合衆国心臓学会/アメリカ心臓協会の診療ガイドラインに関するタスクフォースの報告(ペースメーカー植込みに関する委員会)
Authors: Gregoratos G, Conill A, Hlatky M A, Fellows C, Silka M J, Ritchie J L, Eagle K A, Ryan T J, Garson A
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Abstract S09-04: Unemployment and cancer screening: Baseline estimates to inform health care provision in the context of COVID-19 economic distress
Authors: Stacey A. Fedewa, K. Robin Yabroff, Zhiyuan Zheng, Priti Bandi, Ann Goding Sauer, Robert A. Smith, Nigar Nargis, Jeffrey Drope, Ahmedin Jemal
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the unemployment rate has sharply risen from 3.5% in February 2020 to 13.3% in May 2020, a level not seen since the Great Depression. There are an estimated 21.0 million unemployed adults in the United States. Employers are the most common source of health insurance among working-aged adults and their families. Thus, job loss may lead to loss of insurance and reduce access to cancer screening, which can detect cancer at earlier, more treatable stages, and reduce cancer mortality. In this study, we examined sequential associations between unemployment, health insurance, and cancer screening to inform COVID’s potential longer-lasting impacts on early cancer detection. Methods: Up-to-date (UTD) and recent (past-year) breast (BC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening prevalence were computed among respondents aged 50-64 years in 2000-2018 National Health Interview Survey data. Respondents were grouped as unemployed (not working but looking BC n=852; CRC n=1,747) and employed (currently working BC n=19,013; CRC n= 36,566). A series of logistic regression models with predicted marginal probabilities were used to estimate unemployed vs. employed unadjusted (PR) and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and corresponding 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). Results: Unemployed adults were four times as likely to be uninsured as employed adults (41.4% v 10.0%, p-value &amp;lt;0.001). Unemployment was associated with lower UTD breast (67.8% vs 77.5%, p-value&amp;lt;0.001, PR=0.82, 95%CI 0.77,0.87) and colorectal (49.4% and 60.1%, p-value&amp;lt;0.001, PR=0.86, 95%CI 0.80, 0.92) cancer screening prevalence. These differences remained after adjusting for race/ethnicity, age, and sex, but were eliminated after accounting for health insurance. Patterns and magnitudes of PR and aPRs were similar for past-year CRC and BC screening prevalence. Conclusion: Unemployment was adversely associated with guideline-recommended and potentially life-saving breast and colorectal cancer screening. Compared to the employed, the unemployed disproportionately lacked health insurance, which accounted for their lower cancer screening utilization. Expanding and ensuring health insurance coverage after job loss may mitigate COVID-19’s economic impacts on cancer screening. Citation Format: Stacey A. Fedewa, K. Robin Yabroff, Zhiyuan Zheng, Priti Bandi, Ann Goding Sauer, Robert A. Smith, Nigar Nargis, Jeffrey Drope, Ahmedin Jemal. Unemployment and cancer screening: Baseline estimates to inform health care provision in the context of COVID-19 economic distress [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2020 Jul 20-22. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(18_Suppl):Abstract nr S09-04.
ID:2908 First-Line Nivolumab + Ipilimumab vs Chemotherapy in Unresectable Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: CheckMate 743
Authors: P. Baas, A. Scherpereel, A. Nowak, N. Fujimoto, S. Peters, A. Tsao, A. Mansfield, S. Popat, T. Jahan, S. Antonia, Y. Oulkhouir, Y. Bautista, R. Cornelissen, L. Greillier, F. Grossi, D.M. Kowalski, J. Rodriguez-Cid, P. Aanur, C. Baudelet, G. Zalcman
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2020)
An annular plaque on the hand
Authors: Fei Han, Bo Guo
Journal: BMJ (2020)

A 41 year old man presented with a five month history of a painless, non-pruritic rash on his left hand (fig 1). Six months earlier he had received cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen—applied using a cotton wool bud—for a common wart in the same location. The day after cryotherapy, a painful, haemorrhagic blister occurred at the treatment site. The blister was drained, and over the next 20 days it dried and healed. Two weeks later a new lesion developed on the rim of …
Assessment of Mental Health of Chinese Primary School Students Before and After School Closing and Opening During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lei Zhang, Dandan Zhang, Jiao Fang, Yuhui Wan, Fangbiao Tao, Ying Sun
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

isolation imposed by disease containment measures with future mental health problems among children and adolescents.This study has several limitations, including measurement errors in mental health outcomes and unmeasured confounders, as well as the limited representativeness of the sample.Because suicide is the third leading cause of death for children and adolescents aged 10 to 14 years, a wide-ranging interdisciplinary response that applies knowledge about effective suicide prevention approaches should be an international priority.
Identification of dual positive CD19+/CD3+ T cells in a leukapheresis product undergoing CAR transduction: a case report
Authors: Liora Schultz, Shabnum Patel, Kara Lynn Davis, Sneha Ramakrishna, Bita Sahaf, Neehar Bhatia, Christina Baggott, Courtney Erickson, Robbie G Majzner, Jean Oak, Alice Bertaina, Crystal Mackall, Steven Feldman
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Background Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are therapeutics for relapsed acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) that are increasingly being used in tandem. We identified a non-physiologic CD19+/CD3+ T-cell population in the leukapheresis product of a patient undergoing CAR T-cell manufacturing who previously received a haploidentical HSCT, followed by infusion of a genetically engineered T-cell addback product. We confirm and report the origin of these CD19+/CD3+ T cells that have not previously been described in context of CAR T-cell manufacturing. We additionally interrogate the fate of these CD19-expressing cells as they undergo transduction to express CD19-specific CARs. Main body We describe the case of a preteen male with multiply relapsed B-ALL who was treated with sequential cellular therapies. He received an αβ T-cell depleted haploidentical HSCT followed by addback of donor-derived T cells genetically modified with a suicide gene for iCaspase9 and truncated CD19 for cell tracking (RivoCel). He relapsed 6 months following HSCT and underwent leukapheresis and CAR T-cell manufacturing. During manufacturing, we identified an aberrant T-cell population dually expressing CD19 and CD3. We hypothesized that these cells were RivoCel cells and confirmed using flow cytometry and PCR that the identified cells were in fact RivoCel cells and were eliminated with iCaspase9 activation. We additionally tracked these cells through CD19-specific CAR transduction and notably did not detect T cells dually positive for CD19 and CD19-directed CARs. The most likely rationale for this is in vitro fratricide of the CD19+ ‘artificial’ T-cell population by the CD19-specific CAR+ T cells in culture. Conclusions We report the identification of CD19+/CD3+ cells in an apheresis product undergoing CAR transduction derived from a patient previously treated with a haploidentical transplant followed by RivoCel addback. We aim to bring attention to this cell phenotype that may be recognized with greater frequency as CAR therapy and engineered αβhaplo-HSCT are increasingly coupled. We additionally suggest consideration towards using alternative markers to CD19 as a synthetic identifier for post-transplant addback products, as CD19-expression on effector T cells may complicate subsequent treatment using CD19-directed therapy.
Carriers of a single <i>CFTR</i> mutation are asymptomatic: an evolving dogma?
Authors: Clémence Martin, Pierre-Régis Burgel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic autosomal recessive disease due to mutations in the gene encoding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein [1, 2]. Mutations in the CFTR gene may cause a reduction of CFTR protein function, leading to abnormal chloride and bicarbonate transport in epithelia, resulting in abnormal mucus properties and a multiorgan disease dominated by respiratory and gastro-intestinal abnormalities [3]. The level of CFTR protein function is an important determinant of disease in humans and CF patients carrying two disease-causing CFTR mutations usually have very low levels of functional CFTR protein. Carriers of a single CFTR mutation (also called CF carriers) express 50% CFTR protein function, a level that has been considered sufficient to stay healthy [3]. CF carriers may be at higher risk of multiple CFTR-related diseases <https://bit.ly/3foJK7n>
Type 2–high asthma is associated with a specific indoor mycobiome and microbiome
Authors: Louise-Eva Vandenborght, Raphaël Enaud, Charlotte Urien, Noémie Coron, Pierre-Olivier Girodet, Stéphanie Ferreira, Patrick Berger, Laurence Delhaes
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2020)

BackgroundThe links between microbial environmental exposures and asthma are well documented, but no study has combined deep sequencing results from pulmonary and indoor microbiomes of patients with asthma with spirometry, clinical, and endotype parameters.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to investigate the links between indoor microbial exposures and pulmonary microbial communities and to document the role of microbial exposures on inflammatory and clinical outcomes of patients with severe asthma (SA).MethodsA total of 55 patients with SA from the national Cohort of Bronchial Obstruction and Asthma cohort were enrolled for analyzing their indoor microbial flora through the use of electrostatic dust collectors (EDCs). Among these patients, 22 were able to produce sputum during "stable" or pulmonary "exacerbation" periods and had complete pairs of EDC and sputum samples, both collected and analyzed. We used amplicon targeted metagenomics to compare microbial communities from EDC and sputum samples of patients according to type 2 (T2)-asthma endotypes.ResultsCompared with patients with T2-low SA, patients with T2-high SA exhibited an increase in bacterial α-diversity and a decrease in fungal α-diversity of their indoor microbial florae, the latter being significantly correlated with fraction of exhaled nitric oxide levels. The β-diversity of the EDC mycobiome clustered significantly according to T2 endotypes. Moreover, the proportion of fungal taxa in common between the sputum and EDC samples was significantly higher when patients exhibited acute exacerbation.ConclusionThese results illustrated, for the first time, a potential association between the indoor mycobiome and clinical features of patients with SA, which should renew interest in deciphering the interactions between indoor environment, fungi, and host in asthma.Graphical abstract
Association of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes With Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Marc Meller Søndergaard, Mark A. Hlatky, Marcia L. Stefanick, Eric Vittinghoff, Gregory Nah, Matthew Allison, Alison Gemmill, Linda Van Horn, Ki Park, Elena Salmoirago-Blotcher, Maryam Sattari, Shawnita Sealy-Jefferson, Aladdin H. Shadyab, Carolina Valdiviezo, JoAnn E. Manson, Nisha I. Parikh
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2020)

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) may have unique risk factors in women. Most women have a history of pregnancy; common adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) appear to be associated with ASCVD, but prior studies have limitations. To assess whether APOs are associated with increased ASCVD risk independently of traditional risk factors. The APO history among participants in the Women's Health Initiative, a large multiethnic cohort of postmenopausal women, was assessed. The associations of 5 self-reported APOs (gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, low birth weight [ie, birth weight less than 2.49 kg], high birth weight [ie, birth weight greater than 4.08 kg], and preterm delivery by 3 weeks or more) with ASCVD were analyzed, adjusting for traditional ASCVD risk factors. Data were collected and analyzed in 2017. APOs (gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, low birth weight, high birth weight, and preterm delivery). Adjudicated ASCVD. A total of 48 113 Women's Health Initiative participants responded to the survey; the median (interquartile range) age at time of enrollment was 60.0 (55.0-64.0) years. A total of 13 482 participants (28.8%) reported 1 or more APOs. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease was more frequent in women who reported an APO compared with those without APOs (1028 of 13 482 [7.6%] vs 1758 of 30 522 [5.8%]). Each APO, analyzed separately, was significantly associated with ASCVD, and gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, low birth weight, and preterm delivery remained significant after adjustment for traditional ASCVD risk factors. When all APOs were analyzed together, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (odds ratio, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.15-1.40) and low birth weight (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.00-1.26) remained independently associated with ASCVD. All findings were materially unchanged by additional adjustment for parity, body mass index, and socioeconomic factors. In this large multiethnic cohort of women, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and low birth weight were independently associated with ASCVD after adjustment for risk factors and other APOs.
Operation Moonshot: Testing plan relies on technology that does not exist
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Delivering mass testing on the scale and level of ambition set by the UK prime minister, Boris Johnson, will probably require “testing technology that currently does not exist,” say leaked documents revealed by The BMJ .1

The Operation Moonshot plans, which could see the government spend over £100bn to ensure 10 million covid-19 tests a day, show it’s likely that new testing technology would need to be developed, validated, procured, and made operational within months to meet the early 2021 deadline.

Jon Deeks, professor of biostatistics at the University of Birmingham and leader of the Cochrane Collaboration’s covid-19 test evaluation activities, has described the plan as a “nice dream.”

He told The BMJ , “This is not the way we should be tackling something when people are dying right now: thinking about things we have not got. We should be thinking about the things we have got and we know work. Backing a horse that hasn’t yet been born is a really bad strategy.”

The Moonshot documents list several covid-19 tests being considered for rollout across the UK, despite some having lower sensitivity than polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. These would be used “for screening/enabling purposes, with PCR used to confirm positive results or …