tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATOR (ICD) UTILIZATION AMONG OLDER PATIENTS WITH LOW EJECTION FRACTION FOLLOWING CORONARY REVASCULARIZATION FOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Sarah Goldstein, Di Lu, Roland Matsouaka, Tracy Wang, Jennifer Rymer, Sean Pokorney, Sana M. Al-Khatib
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Beneficial effect of complete response and type of therapy in multiple myeloma.
Authors: Shivlal Pandey, S. Vincent Rajkumar, Angela Dispenzieri, Martha Lacy, Morie Gertz, Francis Buadi, David Dingli, Suzanne R. Hayman, Stephen J. Russell, John Anthony Lust, Steven R. Zeldenrust, Prashant Kapoor, Arleigh Robertson McCurdy, Robert A. Kyle, Shaji Kumar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

8541 Background: Achievement of a complete response (CR) to treatment is an important predictor of outcome for patients (pts) with myeloma (MM). The goal of the current study was to assess whether the treatment that resulted in CR has any impact on the outcomes. Methods: We identified 462 pts with MM, who fulfilled the IMWG criteria for CR, seen at Mayo Clinic between 1991 and 2011. The treatment was classified into groups by the regimen that led to CR (Table), and also based on whether an autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) was part of the regimen. The remaining 21 pts had a variety of regimens and are not included in the Table. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 58.5 yrs (27.1–82.3 yrs) with 56% males. The overall survival (OS) from diagnosis for the entire cohort was 10.7 yrs (95% CI; 9.3, NR). The median interval from diagnosis to the recorded CR was 10.3 mos (range 1- 170), with 272 (58.4%) and 385 (82.7%) obtaining a CR in &lt;12 mos and &lt;24 months from diagnosis. We first compared the outcomes based on whether ASCT was part of the regimen; 328 had an ASCT while 117 pts received only chemotherapy. Median time to progression (TTP) following a CR was 5.1 yrs for the ASCT group compared with 5.5 yrs for the rest (P=0.3). Median OS from CR was 9.1 yrs for the ASCT group and 7.5 yrs for the rest (P=0.5) and OS from diagnosis was 10.1 yrs for the ASCT group and 12.6 for the rest (P=0.5). Examining the outcomes based on the regimen utilized showed that the TTP and OS from CR as well as OS from diagnosis were similar for all the groups (Table). Among pts who had a CR within a year of diagnosis, there were no differences in terms of the TTP or OS from the onset of CR or from diagnosis between the ASCT vs. chemotherapy groups or between the different regimens (P=NS for all comparisons). Conclusions: The current study highlights an important message regarding CR in MM. The results suggest that the prognostic value of CR is independent of the nature of therapy, and likely reflects the contribution of disease biology to obtaining a CR. [Table: see text]
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORONARY ADVENTITIAL THICKNESS AND INFLAMMATION
Authors: Rika Kawakami, Hiroyuki Jinnouchi, Yu Sato, Atsushi Sakamoto, Masayuki Mori, Anne Cornelissen, Amoa C. Falone, Dipti Surve, Maria Romero, Frank D. Kolodgie, Renu Virmani, Jagat Narula, Navneet Narula, Aloke V. Finn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Rapidly alternating chemotherapy and radiotherapy in advanced laryngeal cancers.
Authors: Yasuhisa Hasegawa, Yasushi Fujimoto, Kunitoshi Yoshino, Nobuhiro Hanai, Taijirou Ozawa, Hitoshi Hirakawa, Hidenori Suzuki, Kei Ijichi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e16032 Background: Rapidly alternating chemotherapy and radiotherapy (ACR) is a minor variation of concurrent chemoradiation (CCR). This scheduling and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) pretreatment followed by cisplatin (FP) treatment have been tested in advanced laryngeal cancers. ACR allows the simultaneous administration of both treatment modalities without increasing toxicity, while pretreatment with 5-FU induces long arrest in S-phase, and enhances cisplatin cytotoxicity (Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 2008). We conducted a phase II clinical trial to evaluate these hypotheses. Methods: Eligibility: histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma of larynx with stage III or IV, PS 0-1, age &lt;= 75, adequate organ functions, and no prior chemotherapy. Chemotherapy consisted of administration of continuous infusion of 5-FU at 700 mg/m 2 /day on days 1-5, and 2-hour infusions of cisplatin at 80 mg/m 2 /day on day 6 (1st week). Once-daily radiotherapy of 36 Gy in 18 fractions was given starting on day 8 (2nd -5th week). Sequentially, FP treatment was repeated twice (6th week) for responders, and radiotherapy of 30 Gy in 15 fractions was given (7-9th week) in total 66 Gy. Results: From 4/2007 to 11/2010, 27 patients (pts) were enrolled. Patient characteristics were median age of 67 (49-74) years; gender, 26 male and 1 female; subsite, glottis 16 pts (59%) and supraglottis 11 (41%); stage, III 15 pts (56%), IV 12 (44%). 23 responders (85%) completed radiotherapy, and of them 20 pts (87%) received two courses of chemotherapy. 20 primary sites (74%) achieved CR by ACR. 4 non-responders (15%) underwent early salvage surgery. 7 pts had salvage surgery and neck dissection. Toxicity was assessed in all pts: 12 grade 3 events (44%; nausea 7, mucositis 4 (15%) and dermatitis 1). There have been no hematological grade 3 or 4 toxicities. The 3-year overall survival and laryngeal preservation rate were 88% and 65%, respectively. Conclusions: In this ACR trial, the rate of mucosal toxicity was equivalent to or less than those with radiotherapy alone, and the laryngeal preservation was equivalent to CCR in spite of 60% glottic carcinomas.
ENDOTHELIAL FRATAXIN DEFICIENCY DRIVES NUCLEAR REPLICATION STRESS-INDUCED SENESCENCE AND MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION ACROSS MULTIPLE SUBTYPES OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
Authors: Miranda K. Culley, Jingsi Zhao, Ying Tang, Yi Yin Tai, Dror Perk, Vinny Negi, Yen-Chun Lai, Qiujun Yu, Adam Handen, Gil Speyer, Seungchan Kim, Taijyu Satoh, Michael Reynolds, Sruti Shiva, Annie Watson, Yassmin Al Aaraj, John Sembrat, Mauricio Rojas, Karen Norris, Aditi Gurkar, Mingxia Gu, Marlene Rabinovitch, Thomas Bertero, Stephen Chan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
PATHOGENIC AORTOPATHY GENES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH FASTER THORACIC ANEURYSM GROWTH: LONG-TERM EXPERIENCE FROM OUR AORTOPATHY CLINIC
Authors: Xiaoxiao Qian, Viviana Zlochiver, M. Fuad Jan, Ana Cristina Perez Moreno, Michelle Bush, Heather Sanders, A. Jamil Tajik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Sleep apnoea and endothelial dysfunction: An individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors: Vanessa Bironneau, Renaud Tamisier, Wojciech Trzepizur, Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina, Mathieu Berger, François Goupil, Marie Joyeux-Faure, Ingrid Jullian-Desayes, Sandrine Launois, Marc Le Vaillant, Marie-Carmen Martinez, Frédéric Roche, Jean-Louis Pépin, Frédéric Gagnadoux
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (2020)
Abstract P6-06-18: Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) is induced by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in breast cancer
Authors: Meijun Long, Mei Yang, Jun An, Renbin Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Introduction: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are pivotal orchestrators of the tumor microenvironment. Clinical evidences show that density of TAMs increases with lymph node metastasis, which is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. The underlying mechanism has not been clearly elucidated. Methods: Transcriptome of MCF-7 cells cocultured with TAMs or monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) was analyzed and compared by RNA-seq analysis, which showed that the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) gene was significantly upregulated by TAMs (P&amp;lt;0.001). The upregulation of PML was further verified by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tissue microarrays (TMAs) containing 294 cases of breast cancer tissue with duplicate cores and 28 cases of normal breast tissue with single core. The age, sex, pathological type, histologic grade and stage of the patients were well recorded. Results: RNA-seq analysis revealed that TAMs significantly upregulated PML expression, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Further, the protein level of PML was detected by IHC in TMAs. As expected, 57 cores of benign breast tissue, including normal breast tissue, adjacent normal breast tissue, adenosis and fibrous tissue in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), showed absent (80.70%) or low (19.30%) staining scores. In 508 (99.03%) cores of invasive breast cancer tissue, PML expression was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis (P= 0.003). However, no significant associations were observed between PML expression and tumor stage, primary tumor size, histologic tumor grade in IDC, or PML cellular localization. Conclusion:Recently, PML, upregulated in a subset of breast cancer, has been identified as a breast cancer oncogene. Here, we demonstrated PML expression was induced by TAMs and positively correlated with lymph node metastasis. Thus, we conclude PML mediates TAMs function in breast tumorigenesis and TAMs stimulates the expression of PML in breast cancer. Citation Format: Meijun Long, Mei Yang, Jun An, Renbin Liu. Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) is induced by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-06-18.
DYNAMIC CHANGES IN THE MITRAL ANNULUS IMPLICATIONS FOR SCREENING FOR TRANSCATHETER MITRAL VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Illya Pushkar, Makoto Nakashima, Joseph Tovar, Chloe Kalish, Alan Vainrib, Homam Ibrahim, Kazuhiro Hisamoto, Neuberger Peter, Larry Latson, Michael Querijero, Muhamed Saric, Mathew Williams, Hasan Jilaihawi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
SAFETY OF ABBREVIATED DAPT IN HIGH BLEEDING RISK PATIENTS ON ANTICOAGULANTS OR AGE ≥75 YEARS AFTER PCI WITH THE SYNERGY STENT: A SUBGROUP ANALYSIS OF THE EVOLVE SHORT DAPT STUDY
Authors: Robert Stoler, Dean Kereiakes, Robert Feldman, Franz-Josef Neumann, Loukas Boutis, Naeem Tahirkheli, Ralph Tölg, Islam Othman, Bernardo Stein, Stephan Windecker, Robert W. Yeh, Harold Dauerman, Matthew J. Price, Paul Underwood, Dominic Allocco, Ian T. Meredith, Ajay Kirtane
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES OF GERIATRIC PATIENTS WITH PREDIABETES: A NATIONAL PROPENSITY-MATCHED ANALYSIS OF GENDER DISPARITIES
Authors: Rupak Desai, Ahmed Mahmood, Rushikkumar Bhuva, Nanush Damarlapally, Fariah Asha Haque, Sandeep Singh, Zarna Bambhroliya, Dyutima Madan, Kishorbhai Gangani, Rajesh Sachdeva, Gautam Kumar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
PREDICTORS OF PLATELET REACTIVITY ON PRASUGREL AND THEIR IMPACT ON CLINICAL OUTCOMES: INSIGHTS FROM THE TROPICAL ACS RANDOMIZED TRIAL
Authors: Daniel Aradi, András Komócsi, Bela Merkely, Robert Kiss, Martin Hadamitzky, Steffen Massberg, Konstantinos Rizas, Lisa Gross, Ralph Hein-Rothweiler, Dietmar Trenk, Dirk Sibbing
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
SURGICAL VERSUS CATHETER ABLATION IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS
Authors: Pattara Rattanawong, Jakrin Kewcharoen, Chanavuth Kanitsoraphan, Wasawat Vutthikraivit, Anusha Shanbhag, Timothy Barry, Nway L. Ko Ko, Pahnwat Taweesedt, Win-Kuang Shen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
PROVIDING OPTIMAL REGIONAL CARE FOR LIFE THREATENING CARDIAC RHYTHM DISORDERS BY USING SMART PHONES: A STUDY UTILISING SOCIAL MEDIA AS A TOOL TO INTEGRATE LOCAL HEALTH NETWORK IN REMOTE AREA OF NORTHERN PART OF INDIA
Authors: Irfan Ahmad Bhat, Imran Hafeez, Nasir Shamas, Syed Afaq Jalali, Muzaffar Zargar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Separate DCIS progression pathways derived from breast disease heterogeneity data
Authors: S. M. Maskery, H. Hu, R. Mural, J. Hooke, C. D. Shriver, M. N. Liebman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

612 Background: Observation of heterogeneity in breast pathology has been a consistent theme but one that has had little detailed analysis and/or interpretation. Typically, this research has been limited due to variation in pathology description by different pathologists. We have utilized a unique breast disease tissue and data repository to infer multiple pathways from breast disease to breast cancer. Methods: Breast pathology diagnoses are drawn from 1029 standardized and highly expanded pathology reports. A single pathologist records the occurrence of any and all pathologies seen in a patient’s breast biopsy. This co-occurrence data is analyzed using a Bayesian network learning algorithm that links data observations in a probabilistic order of events. The resultant Bayesian network is a visualization of how breast disease diagnoses can predict the presence or absence of other diagnoses. For example, a connection between ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) visualizes the statement: the presence of DCIS alters the likelihood of the presence of IDC. Results: Separate progression pathways are implicated for DCIS comedo to IDC and DCIS non-comedo to IDC. Multiple breast lesions predict DCIS non-comedo occurrence. One pathway inferred from these predictive lesions is: columnar cell hyperplasia-florid ductal hyperplasia-atypical ductal hyperplasia-DCIS non-comedo-IDC. In contrast, no hyperplasia or atypical lesion can predict DCIS comedo occurrence. That DCIS comedo and DCIS non-comedo have very different progression pathways implies these two pathologies may be two separate diseases. Parallel genomic studies at our institute provide strong evidence that DCIS non-comedo and DCIS comedo are two separate genomic entities. Conclusions: Bayesian network analysis provides a mechanism for the use of heterogeneity in breast disease pathology to predict multiple breast disease progression pathways. Using novel bioinformatic techniques and traditional genomic analysis methods we have gathered compelling evidence that DCIS progression follows two separate pathways. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
REAL-WORLD VERSUS CLINICAL TRIAL OUTCOMES FROM LVADS
Authors: Catherine Mezzacappa, Neal Ravindra, Cesar Carabello, Fouad Chouairi, Megan McCullough, P. Elliot Miller, John-Ross Clarke, Jadry Gruen, Clancy Mullan, Arnar Geirsson, Joseph G. Rogers, Nihar R. Desai, Tariq Ahmad
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
FUNCTIONAL CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY IN SYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS WITH NO OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Sonali Kumar, Puja K. Mehta, Parham Eshtehardi, Arnav Kumar, Ahmed Al-Badri, Senait Asier, Melroy D'Souza, Sonu Gupta, Jin-Sin Koh, Michael C. McDaniel, Viola Vaccarino, Joo Myung Lee, David Molony, Kreton Mavromatis, Arshed A. Quyyumi, Habib Samady
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Timing of high-efficacy therapy for multiple sclerosis: a retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Anna He, Bernd Merkel, James William L Brown, Lana Zhovits Ryerson, Ilya Kister, Charles B Malpas, Sifat Sharmin, Dana Horakova, Eva Kubala Havrdova, Tim Spelman, Guillermo Izquierdo, Sara Eichau, Maria Trojano, Alessandra Lugaresi, Raymond Hupperts, Patrizia Sola, Diana Ferraro, Jan Lycke, Francois Grand'Maison, Alexandre Prat, Marc Girard, Pierre Duquette, Catherine Larochelle, Anders Svenningsson, Thor Petersen, Pierre Grammond, Franco Granella, Vincent Van Pesch, Roberto Bergamaschi, Christopher McGuigan, Alasdair Coles, Jan Hillert, Fredrik Piehl, Helmut Butzkueven, Tomas Kalincik
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2020)
Pre-admission air pollution exposure prolongs the duration of ventilation in intensive care patients
Authors: Annick De Weerdt, Bram G. Janssen, Bianca Cox, Esmée M. Bijnens, Charlotte Vanpoucke, Wouter Lefebvre, Omar El Salawi, Margot Jans, Walter Verbrugghe, Tim S. Nawrot, Philippe G. Jorens
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2020)
THE LEARNING CURVE FOR COMBINED EDGE-TO-EDGE TRICUSPID AND MITRAL VALVE REPAIR
Authors: Madeline Mahowald, Sorin Pislaru, Guy Reeder, Ratnasari Padang, Mayra Guerrero, Mohamad Alkhouli, Charanjit S. Rihal, Mackram Eleid
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Reduced Myocardial Perfusion Reserve in Type 2 Diabetes Is Caused by Increased Perfusion at Rest and Decreased Maximal Perfusion During Stress
Authors: Martin H. Sørensen, Annemie S. Bojer, Julie R.N. Pontoppidan, David A. Broadbent, Sven Plein, Per L. Madsen, Peter Gæde
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

OBJECTIVE To examine differences in myocardial blood flow (MBF) at rest and during stress between patients with type 2 diabetes and control subjects, and to identify potential predictors of changes in MBF at rest and during stress. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted of 193 patients with type 2 diabetes and 20 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance was used to evaluate left ventricular structure and function and MBF at rest and during adenosine-induced stress. MBF was derived as the mean of the flow within all segments of a midventricular slice. RESULTS Patients with type 2 diabetes had higher global MBF at rest (0.81 ± 0.19 mL/min/g) and lower global MBF during stress (2.4 ± 0.9 mL/min/g) than control subjects (0.61 ± 0.11 at rest, 3.2 ± 0.8 mL/min/g under stress; both P &amp;lt; 0.01). Patients with macroalbuminuria had lower MBF during stress (1.6 ± 0.5 mL/min/g) than did patients with microalbuminuria (2.1 ± 0.7 mL/min/g; P = 0.04), who in turn had lower MBF during stress than did normoalbuminuric patients (2.7 ± 0.9 mL/min/g; P &amp;lt; 0.01). Patients with severe retinopathy had lower MBF during stress (1.8 ± 0.6 mL/min/g) than patients with simplex retinopathy (2.3 ± 0.7 mL/min/g; P &amp;lt; 0.05) and those who did not have retinopathy (2.6 ± 1.0 mL/min/g; P &amp;lt; 0.05). Albuminuria and retinopathy were associated with reduced MBF during stress in a multiple regression analysis. Stress-related MBF inversely correlated with myocardial extracellular volume (P &amp;lt; 0.001; R2 = 0.37), a measure of diffuse myocardial fibrosis. A trend toward lower basal MBF was observed in patients treated with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Patients with type 2 diabetes have higher global MBF at rest and lower maximal MBF during vasodilator-induced stress than control subjects. Reduced MBF during stress is associated with diabetes complications (albuminuria and retinopathy) and is inversely correlated with diffuse myocardial fibrosis.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN POSITIVE END-EXPIRATORY PRESSURE, FILLING PRESSURES, AND MORTALITY IN MECHANICALLY VENTILATED PATIENTS WITH PRIMARILY LEFT OR RIGHT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Carlos Leon Alviar, Albert Lui, Valentina Jaramillo, Juan Rico Mesa, Alvaro Vargas Pelaez, Mary Quien, Norman Aiad, Khaled Alabdallah, Boyangzi Li, Josep Masip, Alessandro Sionis, Ary Serpa Neto, Norma Keller, Leonid Garber, P. Elliott Miller, Sean Van Diepen, Nathaniel Rosso Smilowitz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
CORONARY CALCIUM SCORE IN PATIENTS WITH AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES: A META ANALYSIS
Authors: Camilo Sinning Rey, María Alejandra Martínez-Ceballos, Juan Pablo Alzate-Granados, Lorena Montes-Zabala, Diana Vargas Vergara, Adriana Rojas-Villarraga
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
High-flow oxygen (HFO) and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) for refractory dyspnea in patients with advanced cancer: A randomized controlled trial.
Authors: David Hui, Margarita Morgado, Gary B. Chisholm, Laura Withers, Quan Nguyen, Clarence Finch, Susan Frisbee-Hume, Eduardo Bruera
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

9611 Background: Dyspnea is one of the most common and distressing symptoms in cancer patients. Few treatments are evidence based because research in this area is difficult. The role of HFO and BiPAP in the palliation of severe refractory dyspnea has not been well characterized.We examined the changes in dyspnea, physiologic parameters and adverse effects in patients receiving HFO and BiPAP. Methods: In this phase II “pick the winner” randomized trial, we assigned hospitalized advanced cancer patients with refractory dyspnea to either HFO or BiPAP for 2 hours. We assessed dyspnea with the numeric rating scale (NRS) and modified Borg scale (MBS) before and after intervention. We also documented the vital signs, transcutaneous carbon dioxide and adverse effects. We used the sign rank test to compare before and after each intervention, and the Wilcoxon rank sum test to compare between arms with intention-to-treat analysis. Results: Thirty patients were enrolled (1:1 ratio) and 23 (77%) completed the assigned intervention. The median baseline dyspnea NRS was 7/10 (Q1-Q3 5-8), despite being on supplemental oxygen and opioids. Both HFO and BiPAP were associated with significant improvement in dyspnea after 2 h, with no differences detected between arms (Table). We observed prolonged dyspnea relief in 6 patients 1 h after completion of the study intervention. HFO improved oxygen saturation. No adverse effects were observed. Conclusions: HFO and BiPAP alleviated dyspnea, improved physiologic parameters and were safe. Our results justify larger randomized controlled trials to confirm these findings. Clinical trial information: NCT01518140. [Table: see text]
Abstract 3816: Does Diastolic Heart Failure Evolve to Systolic Heart Failure?
Authors: Martin L Handoko, Loek van Heerebeek, Jean G Bronzwaer, Walter J Paulus
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Diastolic heart failure (DHF) is frequently presumed to evolve over time to systolic heart failure (SHF). To verify this evolution, 10 patients with DHF (age: 69±4 years; male/female: 6/4) were fol...
Runaway GC Evolution in Gerbil Genomes
Authors: Rodrigo Pracana, Adam D Hargreaves, John F Mulley, Peter W H Holland
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2020)

Recombination increases the local GC-content in genomic regions through GC-biased gene conversion (gBGC). The recent discovery of a large genomic region with extreme GC-content in the fat sand rat Psammomys obesus provides a model to study the effects of gBGC on chromosome evolution. Here, we compare the GC-content and GC-to-AT substitution patterns across protein-coding genes of four gerbil species and two murine rodents (mouse and rat). We find that the known high-GC region is present in all the gerbils, and is characterized by high substitution rates for all mutational categories (AT-to-GC, GC-to-AT, and GC-conservative) both at synonymous and nonsynonymous sites. A higher AT-to-GC than GC-to-AT rate is consistent with the high GC-content. Additionally, we find more than 300 genes outside the known region with outlying values of AT-to-GC synonymous substitution rates in gerbils. Of these, over 30% are organized into at least 17 large clusters observable at the megabase-scale. The unusual GC-skewed substitution pattern suggests the evolution of genomic regions with very high recombination rates in the gerbil lineage, which can lead to a runaway increase in GC-content. Our results imply that rapid evolution of GC-content is possible in mammals, with gerbil species providing a powerful model to study the mechanisms of gBGC.
LONGITUDINAL ASSOCIATION OF LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN TRIGLYCERIDE WITH CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES AND PRE-DIABETES
Authors: Jing-Lu Jin, Jing Sun, Ye-Xuan Cao, Hui-Wen Zhang, Yuan-Lin Guo, Na-Qiong Wu, Cheng-Gang Zhu, Rui-Xia Xu, Ying Gao, Qian Dong, JIan-Jun Li
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)