tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstracts of the Second International Conference on Women, Heart Disease, and Stroke
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background: Limited evidence suggests that depressive symptoms may be at least as important as traditional risk factors in the prediction of the health status of cardiac patients.We sought to determine the gender differences and relative importance of depressive symptoms vs. traditional risk factors or measures of disease severity on health status in a large sample of cardiac patients.Methods: Our study was based upon cross-sectional baseline data from 1707 cardiac patients (1463 males and 243 females) who participated in the Courage Trial.Depression was assessed using the Mood Screen Form and dichotomized into depression (at least 1 symptom) or no depression.The Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) was used to assess perceived health status.Physical factors and other risk factors that were assessed included age, gender, white race, BMI, number of diseased vessels, LAD, prior PCI, previous bypass surgery, EF, CCS class, CHF, living alone, diabetes, hypertension, renal disease, previous stroke, physical activity, and physical exam data.Linear regression was used to analyze depression as a predictor of SAQ subscales after adjustment for physical and other risk factors.Results: Depression was associated with physical limitation, disease perception, age, being alone, female gender, and number of diseased vessels.Linear regression showed that depression was one of the most significant predictors of health status, independent of the extent of disease and other cardiac risk factors and was ranked very high among predictors of all SAQ subscales.Although there were no gender differences in angina frequency (pϭ0.062),angina stability (pϭ0.7007) and disease perception (pϭ0.2112),women had lower treatment satisfaction (pϭ0.0112) and viewed themselves as having greater physical limitation (0.0173), perhaps because they had higher depression levels (pϭ0.0007).Conclusion: Difference in depression levels is strongly associated with gender and heath status among cardiac patients, independent of the degree of cardiac disease and other risk factors.Clinicians should strongly consider gender related variation in depression levels when managing the health status of cardiac patients.
Effect of a Home-Based Exercise Program on Subsequent Falls Among Community-Dwelling High-Risk Older Adults After a Fall
Authors: Teresa Liu-Ambrose, Jennifer C. Davis, John R. Best, Larry Dian, Kenneth Madden, Wendy Cook, Chun Liang Hsu, Karim M. Khan
Journal: JAMA (2019)

<h3>Importance</h3> Whether exercise reduces subsequent falls in high-risk older adults who have already experienced a fall is unknown. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess the effect of a home-based exercise program as a fall prevention strategy in older adults who were referred to a fall prevention clinic after an index fall. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A 12-month, single-blind, randomized clinical trial conducted from April 22, 2009, to June 5, 2018, among adults aged at least 70 years who had a fall within the past 12 months and were recruited from a fall prevention clinic. <h3>Interventions</h3> Participants were randomized to receive usual care plus a home-based strength and balance retraining exercise program delivered by a physical therapist (intervention group; n = 173) or usual care, consisting of fall prevention care provided by a geriatrician (usual care group; n = 172). Both were provided for 12 months. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary outcome was self-reported number of falls over 12 months. Adverse event data were collected in the exercise group only and consisted of falls, injuries, or muscle soreness related to the exercise intervention. <h3>Results</h3> Among 345 randomized patients (mean age, 81.6 [SD, 6.1] years; 67% women), 296 (86%) completed the trial. During a mean follow-up of 338 (SD, 81) days, a total of 236 falls occurred among 172 participants in the exercise group vs 366 falls among 172 participants in the usual care group. Estimated incidence rates of falls per person-year were 1.4 (95% CI, 0.1-2.0) vs 2.1 (95% CI, 0.1-3.2), respectively. The absolute difference in fall incidence was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.04-1.78;<i>P</i> = .006) falls per person-year and the incident rate ratio was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.46-0.90;<i>P</i> = .009). No adverse events related to the intervention were reported. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Among older adults receiving care at a fall prevention clinic after a fall, a home-based strength and balance retraining exercise program significantly reduced the rate of subsequent falls compared with usual care provided by a geriatrician. These findings support the use of this home-based exercise program for secondary fall prevention but require replication in other clinical settings. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers:NCT01029171;NCT00323596
Bridging the gap between reference and real transcriptomes
Authors: Antonin Morillon, Daniel Gautheret
Journal: Genome biology (2019)

Genetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional variations shape the transcriptome of individual cells, rendering establishing an exhaustive set of reference RNAs a complicated matter. Current reference transcriptomes, which are based on carefully curated transcripts, are lagging behind the extensive RNA variation revealed by massively parallel sequencing. Much may be missed by ignoring this unreferenced RNA diversity. There is plentiful evidence for non-reference transcripts with important phenotypic effects. Although reference transcriptomes are inestimable for gene expression analysis, they may turn limiting in important medical applications. We discuss computational strategies for retrieving hidden transcript diversity.
High Risk of Fatty Liver Disease Amplifies the Alanine Transaminase–Lowering Effect of a HSD17B13 Variant
Authors: Helene Gellert‐Kristensen, Børge Grønne Nordestgaard, Anne Tybjærg‐Hansen, Stefan Stender
Journal: Hepatology (2019)

A common loss-of-function variant in HSD17B13 (rs72613567:TA) was recently found to protect from chronic liver disease. Whether the variant confers protection from specific risk factors for liver disease is unclear. We tested the association of rs72613567 with plasma levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and clinical liver disease and mortality in 111,612 individuals from the Danish general population, including 497 with cirrhosis and 113 with hepatocellular carcinoma. HSD17B13 rs72613567:TA was associated with stepwise lower levels of plasma ALT of up to 1.3 U/L in TA/TA homozygotes versus T/T homozygotes. For each TA-allele, the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma was reduced by 15% and 28%, respectively. In prospective analyses, the TA-allele was associated with up to 33% lower rates of liver-related mortality in the general population, and with up to 49% reduced liver-related mortality in patients with cirrhosis. The ALT-lowering effect of rs72613567:TA was amplified by increasing adiposity, alcohol consumption, and genetic risk of fatty liver disease. The TA-allele was associated with only marginally lower ALT in lean nondrinkers with low genetic risk of hepatic steatosis. In contrast, compared with T/T homozygotes, TA/TA homozygotes had 12% to 18% lower plasma ALT among the most obese, in heavy drinkers, and in individuals carrying three or four steatogenic alleles in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) and transmembrane 6 superfamily 2 (TM6SF2). Conclusion: High risk of fatty liver disease amplifies the ALT-lowering effect of HSD17B13 rs72613567:TA in the Danish general population.
Risk Factors for Indeterminate Response After Radioactive Iodine Therapy in Patients With Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Eugene Jeong, Joon-Kee Yoon, Su Jin Lee, Euy Young Soh, Jeonghun Lee, Young-Sil An
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

We investigated the risk factors of indeterminate response (IDR) in patients who underwent recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH)-aided radioactive iodine therapy (RAIT).A total of 128 patients with papillary thyroid cancer were included in this retrospective study. The patients were classified into excellent response and IDR groups based on follow-up diagnostic whole-body scintigraphy (WBS) and TSH-stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg). Indeterminate response was defined as the presence of a faint uptake in the thyroid bed on the diagnostic WBS or a TSH-stimulated Tg detectable, but less than 10 ng/mL. Parameters that act as significant risk factors for IDR, including age, sex, stage, surgeon, time interval between surgery and RAIT, post-treatment WBS finding, urine iodine-to-creatinine ratio, TSH-unstimulated Tg, and rhTSH-stimulated Tg, were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression method.After treatment, 64 patients showed IDR. Recombinant human TSH-stimulated Tg was the only independent risk factor for predicting IDR. Patients with an rhTSH-stimulated Tg greater than 2 ng/mL prior to RAIT were 3.75 times more likely (95% confidence interval, 1.61-8.72) to have an IDR than those with a lower rhTSH-stimulated Tg (≤2 ng/mL).Pre-RAIT TSH-stimulated Tg levels are a risk factor for IDR after RAIT.
EBV-Associated T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders Demonstrated on FDG PET/CT in a Patient With Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Ruirui Hao, Xu Yang, Zhimou Liu, Jigang Yang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

FDG PET/CT was performed in a 20-year-old woman to find the underlying cause of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. The images revealed hypermetabolic activity in multiple lymph nodes and in the spleen. Lymphoma was suspected. However, the pathology of bone marrow, lymph nodes, and the spleen demonstrated chronic active Epstein-Barr virus-associated T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
PTH-047 Polyloop assisted endoscopic resection of mega polyp arising in barrett’s oesophagus
Authors: JM Dunn
Journal: Gut (2017)

Introduction  This case is a 72 year old male with 5 cm segment of Barrett’s oesophagus referred with a 4 cm polypoid lesion arising at the proximal end. Histology demonstrated low and high grade dysplasia, but CT staged as T1N1. After central MDT review an EUS and FDG-PET were ordered, and was staged at T1N1 by EUS but N0 by FDG-PET. The lesion was metabolically active. He was then referred for assessment of endoscopic therapy.  Method  Conscious sedation was used for the procedure (75mcg fentanyl, 3 mg midazolam). After lesion assessment using HD endoscopy and Narrow Band Imaging (Olympus), the lesion was assessed suitable for endoscopic resection, Paris Type 1p. Retroflexion view showed a floppy polyp, although the base appeared small. A polyloop was applied around the lesion. Then the snare from a Duette MBM kit (Cook) was used at 60W coag (ERBE) to remove the polyp above the loop in 2 sections. A loop cutter was used to cut down the loop to allow the MBM cap to fit over. A standard EMR band ligation technique was then employed, using 45W coag. No immediate complications were identified. The 3 pieces were then removed by a Roth net and sent for histology.  Results  Histology showed High grade dysplasia, with no evidence of cancer. Subsequently the patient has undergone Radiofrequency ablation, and although this was complicated by a stricture after the second treatment, this was easily treatable by balloon dilatation. Most recent biopsies have shown complete remission of dysplasia.  Conclusion  Complete resection of Type 1p oesophageal polyp of 4 cm is achievable using polyloop assisted EMR technique. Histology confirms an endoscopically curable lesion with no evidence of invasive cancer.  Disclosure of Interest  None Declared
Abnormal Cortical and Trabecular Bone in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease
Authors: Anna Pham-Short, Kim C. Donaghue, Geoffrey Ambler, Julie Briody, Sarah Garnett, Craig F. Munns, Maria E. Craig
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

OBJECTIVE This study compared bone health in youth with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease (CD) versus type 1 diabetes alone. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a case-control study of 42 youth with coexisting type 1 diabetes and CD and 40 with type 1 diabetes matched for age, sex, diabetes duration, and HbA1c. Bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and BMC-to-lean tissue mass (LTM) ratio were measured using DXA and reported as z-scores for height. Total, trabecular, and cortical bone and muscle parameters were measured using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and reported as z-scores for age. RESULTS Mean age at assessment was 14.3 ± 3.1 years; diabetes duration, 8.0 ± 3.5 years; HbA1c, 8.2 ± 1.5% (66 ± 5 mmol/mol); and 25-hydroxy vitamin D, 71 ± 21 nmol/L. Comparing youth with coexisting CD versus type 1 diabetes alone, DXA showed lower BMC-to-LTM ratio (0.37 ± 1.12 vs. 0.73 ± 2.23, P = 0.007) but no difference in total BMD. Youth with coexisting CD also had lower BMC-to-LTM ratio versus the general population (P = 0.04). Radial pQCT showed lower total BMC (−0.92 ± 1.40 vs. −0.26 ± 1.23, P = 0.03) despite similar bone and muscle cross-sectional area. In multivariable linear regression, lower BMC was associated with higher insulin dose (P = 0.03) but not HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS Youth with both type 1 diabetes and CD have lower BMC relative to LTM and lower BMC, indicating abnormal trabecular and cortical bone development despite similar bone and muscle size. These findings suggest that the two conditions confer a lower bone turnover state. We recommend further examination of bone health in this population; future research should examine early interventions to improve bone health.
Abstract 19302: Long Term High Endurance Exercise and the Heart: Too Much of a Good Thing?
Authors: Ahmed Merghani, Viviana Maestrini, Stefania Rosmini, Harshil Dhutia, Andrew Cox, Sarojini David, Rajay Narain, Aneil Malhotra, Juan C Kaski, Khaled Alfakih, James Moon, Sanjay Sharma
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: The benefits of regular moderate exercise are well documented, however, there is a burgeoning group of veteran athletes who have been exercising vigorously since youth and the impact of life long intensive exercise on the heart is unknown. Hypothesis: Life-long intensive exercise may promote adverse cardiac remodelling. Methods: A large cohort of veteran athletes and gender, age and Framingham matched controls were studied comprehensively to investigate any detrimental effects of chronic life-long intensive exercise among veteran athletes. Veteran athletes were defined as &gt;40 years of age and having competed in multiple endurance events over a 10 year period. Controls were recruited from University staff. All individuals were subjected to a cardiopulmonary exercise test, 24 hour Holter monitor, cardiac MRI (CMR) and CT coronary angiography. Results: A total of a 178 veteran athletes (m=128 f=50, mean age:54.8) and 123 controls (m=75 f=48, mean age 55.3) were recruited. Athletes demonstrated enlargement of all chamber sizes compared to sedentary controls on CMR. A significant proportion of male athletes (17.5%) exhibited myocardial fibrosis compared to none of the sedentary men (p=0.008) although this difference wasn’t observed in females (2.5% vs 0%, p=1.0). In 45% of cases fibrosis was subendocardial in distribution suggesting a prior ischaemic event. Male athletes with myocardial fibrosis had a 15% prevalence of ventricular tachycardia on a 24hour ECG compared to 1.06% of fibrosis free athletes (p=0.017). Compared to controls, male athletes had a higher prevalence of atherosclerosis (28.2% ≥2vessel disease vs 3.45%, p=0.009). Female athletes had similar indices of atherosclerosis compared to controls but they did demonstrate a U shaped relationship between V02 max and atherosclerosis: The lower and upper tertile of V02 Max had a higher prevalence of atherosclerosis (20%, and 26.7%) than those in the middle tertile(6.7%). Conclusions: Long term endurance exercise is associated with adverse cardiac remodelling. Myocardial fibrosis is common in male veteran athletes and is associated with ventricular tachycardia. Chronic endurance exercise also promotes atherosclerosis in males and females and this is likely to be dose dependent.
Inhaled hypertonic saline in preschool children with cystic fibrosis (SHIP): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Felix Ratjen, Stephanie D Davis, Sanja Stanojevic, Richard A Kronmal, Karen D Hinckley Stukovsky, Neal Jorgensen, Margaret Rosenfeld, Gwen Kerby, Carol Kopecky, Meg Anthony, Peter Mogayzel, Doug Walker, Britany Zeglin, Wynton Hoover, Heather Hathorne, Katie Slaten, Henry (Hank) Dorkin, Robert Fowler, Cole (Nicolas) Fenton, Monica Ulles, Danielle Goetz, Nadine Caci, Beth Cahill, Christine Roach, George Retsch-Bogart, Robin Johnson, Rose Cunnion, Susanna McColley, Steven Ward, Emily Bell, Gary McPhail, Kimberly Keller, Kelly Thornton, Ashlee Parsons, James Chmiel, Cindy Schaefer, Megan Tribout, Brittany Consiglio, Heather Tribout, Karen McCoy, Terri Johnson, Patti Olson, Laura Raterman, Peter Hiatt, Betty Walker, Nicoline Schaap, Miriam Davis, Stephanie Davis, Charles Clem, Lisa Bendy, Tim Starner, Cheri Lux, Terrence Carver, Rose Thompson, April Williams, Candy Schmoll, Patricia M. Hastings, Julie Noe, Laura Roth, Theresa Kump, John McNamara, Elizabeth Franck Thompson, Shatha Yousef, Germaine (Gigi) Wezel, Omar Oquendo, Amanda Darling, Wendy Valencia, Carlos Milla, Jackie Zirbes, Ronald Rubenstein, Erin Donnelly, Jean Malpass, Daniel Weiner, Brittani Agostini, Elizabeth Hartigan, Alexandra Cornell, Brendan Klein, Jenna Bucher, Pierce Nusbaum, Margaret Rosenfeld, Sharon McNamara, Alan Genatossio, Jessica Pittman, Tina Hicks, Irma Bauer, Molly Siegel, Sarah Isaac, Renee Jensen, Jacky Au, Sanja Stanojevic, Felix Ratjen, Nancy McDonald, Carley Prentice, Mark Chilvers, Melissa Richmond
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2019)
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 restrains egress of γδ T cells from the skin
Authors: Brian J. Laidlaw, Elizabeth E. Gray, Yang Zhang, Francisco Ramírez-Valle, Jason G. Cyster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2019)

Maintenance of a population of IL-17–committed γδ T cells in the dermis is important in promoting tissue immunity. However, the signals facilitating γδ T cell retention within the dermis remain poorly understood. Here, we find that sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) acts in a cell-intrinsic manner to oppose γδ T cell migration from the dermis to the skin draining lymph node (dLN). Migration of dermal γδ T cells to the dLN under steady-state conditions occurs in an S1PR1-dependent manner. S1PR1 and CD69 are reciprocally expressed on dermal γδ T cells, with loss of CD69 associated with increased S1PR1 expression and enhanced migration to the dLN. γδ T cells lacking both S1PR2 and CD69 are impaired in their maintenance within the dermis. These findings provide a mechanism for how IL-17+ γδ T cells establish residence within the dermis and identify a role for S1PR2 in restraining the egress of tissue-resident lymphocytes.
Increasing male engagement in the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV: what works in sub-Saharan Africa?
Authors: Muktar H Aliyu, Nadia A Sam-Agudu, Sheela Shenoi, Ameena E Goga, Trisha Ramraj, Sten H Vermund, Carolyn M Audet
Journal: BMJ (2019)

A substantial gap exists in vertical transmission knowledge, including a lack of consensus about definitions of male partner engagement and a paucity of rigorous cost effectiveness data on 2
Community Assessments for Mosquito Prevention and Control Experiences, Attitudes, and Practices — U.S. Virgin Islands, 2017 and 2018
Authors: Krystal R. Seger, Joseph Roth, Amy H. Schnall, Brett R. Ellis, Esther M. Ellis
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2019)

Mosquito prevention and control community assessment questions can provide rapid, actionable information to advise both community education and mosquito control in emergency response and recovery efforts.
Variable utility of mosaic attenuation to distinguish fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Joseph Barnett, Philip L. Molyneaux, Bhavin Rawal, Rezaur Abdullah, Samanjit S. Hare, Rama Vancheeswaran, Sujal R. Desai, Toby M. Maher, Athol U. Wells, Anand Devaraj
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2019)

Background Mosaic attenuation on computed tomography (CT) has been identified in international guidelines as an important diagnostic feature of fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (FHP) as opposed to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, mosaic attenuation comprises several different radiological signs (low-density lobules, preserved lobules, air trapping and the so-called “headcheese sign”) which may have differing diagnostic utility. Furthermore, the extent of mosaic attenuation required to distinguish these two diagnoses is uncertain and thresholds of mosaic attenuation from international guidelines have not been validated. Methods Inspiratory and expiratory CT scans were evaluated by two readers in 102 patients (IPF n=57; FHP n=45) using a semiquantitative scoring system for mosaic attenuation. Findings were validated in an external cohort from a secondary referral institution (IPF n=34; FHP n=28). Results Low-density lobules and air trapping were a frequent finding in IPF, present in up to 51% of patients. A requirement for increasing extent of low-density lobules and air trapping based on guidelines (American Thoracic Society and Fleischner Society) was associated with increased specificity for the diagnosis of FHP (0.96 and 0.98, respectively) but reduced sensitivity (0.16 and 0.20, respectively). The headcheese sign was found to be highly specific (0.93) and moderately sensitive (0.49) for a high-confidence diagnosis of FHP. The high specificity of the headcheese sign was maintained in the validation cohort and when patients with other CT features of FHP were excluded. Conclusion Mosaic attenuation is a frequent finding in IPF. However, the headcheese sign can be confidently considered as being inconsistent with a diagnosis of IPF and specific for FHP.