tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 15084: Echocardiography Has Low Diagnostic Yield in the Evaluation of Patients With Palpitations Without Prior Heart Disease
Authors: Rhian E Davies, Brent Dembo, Andrew Foy, Brandon Peterson
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Echocardiography is frequently ordered to assess patients complaining of palpitations and is considered “appropriate” for this indication by current appropriate use criteria guideline...
What work experience should you get as a graduate applicant?
Authors: Phillipa Brothwood
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Work experience is an important part of any application for medicine and is even more important if you are applying as a graduate. You need to show your commitment to medicine and why, at this time, you are ready to study. Think about work experience early on in your application because it can take time to organise. The purpose of work experience is twofold. Firstly, to experience a clinical environment to ensure that medicine is the career for you and that you have a realistic expectation of what it entails, and secondly, to show that you have some of the key attributes of an aspiring doctor. For example, do you have experience of working with the general public, and do you enjoy it? Have you worked in a caring role?

Exposure to a clinical environment is vital, and not just to put in your personal statement and talk about at interview. When you are sitting at your desk thinking how great it would be to be a doctor or when you are in the library revising for exams and wishing you were doing medicine instead, it can be easy to fantasise about the career of a doctor. Read careers psychologist Caroline Elton’s article on the seven questions you should consider before applying to study medicine (doi:10.1136/sbmj.h3054). If you are working, think about what you are finding difficult or unfulfilling in your job. When you are exposed to a clinical setting, consider whether you would be more fulfilled as a doctor. You need to have exposed yourself to enough clinical situations to convince yourself—and not just admission tutors—that you want …
Leaky gut: mechanisms, measurement and clinical implications in humans
Authors: Michael Camilleri
Journal: Gut (2019)

The objectives of this review on ‘leaky gut’ for clinicians are to discuss the components of the intestinal barrier, the diverse measurements of intestinal permeability, their perturbation in non-inflammatory ‘stressed states’ and the impact of treatment with dietary factors. Information on ‘healthy’ or ‘leaky’ gut in the public domain requires confirmation before endorsing dietary exclusions, replacement with non-irritating foods (such as fermented foods) or use of supplements to repair the damage. The intestinal barrier includes surface mucus, epithelial layer and immune defences. Epithelial permeability results from increased paracellular transport, apoptosis or transcellular permeability. Barrier function can be tested in vivo using orally administered probe molecules or in vitro using mucosal biopsies from humans, exposing the colonic mucosa from rats or mice or cell layers to extracts of colonic mucosa or stool from human patients. Assessment of intestinal barrier requires measurements beyond the epithelial layer. ‘Stress’ disorders such as endurance exercise, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs administration, pregnancy and surfactants (such as bile acids and dietary factors such as emulsifiers) increase permeability. Dietary factors can reverse intestinal leakiness and mucosal damage in the ‘stress’ disorders. Whereas inflammatory or ulcerating intestinal diseases result in leaky gut, no such disease can be cured by simply normalising intestinal barrier function. It is still unproven that restoring barrier function can ameliorate clinical manifestations in GI or systemic diseases. Clinicians should be aware of the potential of barrier dysfunction in GI diseases and of the barrier as a target for future therapy.
Abstract P2-08-62: Not presented
Authors: MH Osman
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Osman MH. Not presented [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-08-62.
Demystifying wound dressings
Authors: Robert Jordan, Edward Dickenson, Matthew Ainsworth, Joseph Hardwicke
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Selection of an appropriate dressing can be helped by considering the dressing in three layers A wound can be defined as any disruption to the continuity of the skin, mucous membrane, or organ tissue. Wounds can be classified in a variety of ways including aetiology (traumatic, iatrogenic, burns), mode of injury (incision, laceration, abrasion, degloving), time since injury (acute or chronic), depth (box 1), bacterial contamination (box 2), and exudate level (box 3). Initial wound management involves identification of the underlying aetiology and removing devitalised tissue1 through washing, surgical excision, or the use of special dressings and topical ointments. Figure 1⇓ shows an example of a wound before debridement with evident wound exudate. Figure 2⇓ shows a different wound after debridement with a dry and healthy wound bed. Fig 1 Exudative wound before debridement Fig 2 Healthy wound bed after surgical debridement #### Box 1: Classification of wounds according to depth2 #### Box 2: Classification of operative wounds based on degree of microbial contamination 345 #### Box 3: Bates-Jensen classification of amount of wound exudates6
Abstract P3-10-24: Not presented
Authors: E Gasparini, A Bisagni, R Di Cicilia, E Kuhn, G Falco, G Ferrari, M Foroni, I Tamagnini, C Bassano, M Ragazzi, G Gardini, F Cecchi, T Hembrough, G Bisagni
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Gasparini E, Bisagni A, Di Cicilia R, Kuhn E, Falco G, Ferrari G, Foroni M, Tamagnini I, Bassano C, Ragazzi M, Gardini G, Cecchi F, Hembrough T, Bisagni G. Not presented [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-10-24.
Abstract P5-13-02: Not presented
Authors: AF Rositch, OM Ginsburg, L Huang, CA Chao, K Visvanathan, N Masalu
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Rositch AF, Ginsburg OM, Huang L, Chao CA, Visvanathan K, Masalu N. Not presented [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-13-02.
A cause of pathological fracture
Authors: Mohammed Rashid, Simon Donell
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A 62 year old woman presented to the emergency department after having a fall at home. She had left hip pain but was not clinically dehydrated or disorientated. On further examination, her left leg was shortened and externally rotated, indicative of a fracture. Her history included type 2 diabetes, depression, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, and recurrent chest infections over the previous six months. Routine blood tests on admission were normal apart from an alkaline phosphatase of 245 IU/l and a corrected calcium of 2.60 mmol/l. Radiographs were taken on admission (figs 1 and 2), and further investigations were performed (figs 3 and 4).⇓⇓⇓⇓



Fig 1 Radiograph of left femur





Fig 2 Radiograph of distal femur





Fig 3 Radiograph of skull





Fig 4 Isotope bone scan …
Myelodysplasia as assessed by multiparameter flow cytometry refines prognostic stratification provided by genotypic risk in systemic mastocytosis
Authors: Francesco Mannelli, Francesca Gesullo, Giada Rotunno, Annalisa Pacilli, Sara Bencini, Francesco Annunziato, Roberta Zanotti, Luigi Scaffidi, Fiorina Giona, Michelina Santopietro, Federica Grifoni, Lisa Pieri, Paola Guglielmelli, Alessandro M. Vannucchi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2019)

Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is characterized by extreme heterogeneity of manifestations and prognosis. Several disease-related biomarkers, including clinical, hematological and molecular variables, have been correlated with prognosis. Although relevant, the mutation profile closely reflects the WHO classification that has per se prognostic value. High-risk mutations (HRM) are largely confined to advanced forms, and thus fail in providing information regarding progression and outcome in the not-advanced variants. In this work, we studied hematopoietic cells by multi-parameter flow cytometry (MFC) in order to highlight dysplastic traits that might provide insights into outcome. A score previously validated for myelodysplastic syndromes, with high reproducibility in standard diagnostics, was used. The application of an MFC score to a cohort of 71 SM cases, concurrently genotyped for configuring a HRM category, resulted in the identification of two separate patients' categories (MFC+ and MFC-) characterized by significantly different clinical and laboratory features at presentation. The extent of dysplasia by MFC tended to parallel WHO-category and genotype-related stratification. MFC+ patients had shorter survival compared to MFC- ones, for whom the incidence of progression and/or death was virtually null. Of note, MFC score remained prognostically informative in unadvanced subsets. Furthermore, the integration of MFC and HRM was an independent predictor for outcome, also overcoming WHO-categories in multivariate analysis for EFS. Our results support the use of MFC analysis in the evaluation of patients with SM, alone and in combination with HRM, for refinement of prognosis assessment.
How to prepare for your medical school interview
Authors: Matt Green
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The medical school interview is daunting, let there be no doubt about it. Medical school interviewers are interested in far more than facts. Indeed, if a candidate experienced an interview in which all the questions could be answered by factual recall, it could be said that the panel was not doing its job properly.

It is understandable that some students seek assistance in preparing for their interview by inquiring: “If the interviewer asks me question X, or question Y, what are the right things to say?” Well, there will be questions asked by panel members that explore matters of factual knowledge, and on those occasions the “right things to say” are self evident. However, medical school interview panels are not simply seeking to assess how much one candidate knows about a range of issues compared with other candidates.

Panels are determined to challenge candidates and to take them outside their “comfort zone.” They are so much more interested in finding out about their personalities: what judgments have they begun to form and what are their personal values? You will have your own unique personality, and it is this, above all, that the panel is keen to discover.

Therefore, you must prepare to be at ease and to be self confident at all times during your discussions with the panel. There will be times when it all feels straightforward—for example, when you are asked questions exploring your factual knowledge in areas which are of great interest to you. However, medical school interview panels are …
Here he comes again
Authors: Neil Chanchlani
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Medical students and junior doctors often look to learn from one another. Discussing patient cases and topical issues within medicine at home or in hospital are commonplace among trainees. Couple this with gossip about peers and colleagues, and this pretty much sums up time spent at medical school or life as a junior doctor. Max Pemberton’s latest novel The Doctor Will See You Now is meant to provide readers with insight into his average day as a junior doctor. However, he falls short …
Prevalence and Incidence of Intestinal Metaplasia and Dysplasia of Gastric Cardia in Patients With Barrett’s Esophagus After Endoscopic Therapy
Authors: Swathi Eluri, Athidi G. Earasi, Susan E. Moist, Evan S. Dellon, Nicholas J. Shaheen
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2019)

Endoscopic eradication therapy (EET) for Barrett's esophagus (BE) has unclear effects on the gastric cardia. We investigated the prevalence of intestinal metaplasia (IM) and dysplasia in the cardia after complete eradication of IM (CEIM) and the incidence of newly diagnosed cardia IM or dysplasia after EET.We performed a prospective study, from 2013 through 2016, of patients with previously successful EET undergoing surveillance after CEIM (cross-sectional group) and treatment-naïve patients with BE undergoing EET (longitudinal group). Standard biopsies were collected from multiple levels in the cardia and analyzed histologically. We calculated the prevalence (cross-sectional group) and the incidence (longitudinal group) of cardia IM or dysplasia after EET.Of the 116 patients in the cross-sectional group, 17 (15%) had cardia IM or dysplasia after CEIM: 12 patients had IM, 2 patients were indefinite for dysplasia, and 3 patients had low-grade dysplasia. Cardia IM or dysplasia were most commonly found at the tops of gastric folds. Among 42 subjects in the longitudinal group, the pre-treatment prevalence of cardia IM or dysplasia was 28.5% (3 with non-dysplastic IM, 9 with dysplastic IM, 1 indefinite for dysplasia, 2 with low-grade dysplasia, 3 with high-grade dysplasia, and 3 with intramucosal cancer). All achieved CEIM. The incidence of cardia IM or dysplasia was 11.9% after 18 months of follow up. IM or dysplasia was more higher in the cardia after CEIM than in the tubular esophagus (P < .01).In a prospective study, we found that cardia dysplasia becomes less, not more, common, after successful EET; recurrence of IM or dysplasia was more frequent in the cardia than the esophagus. Patients with BE undergoing EET should have careful examination of the cardia, with a single set of surveillance biopsies at the top of the gastric folds.
Abstract P4-07-06: Cyclin dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) inhibition with THZ1 induces mitotic failure and increases genomic instability in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: BM Webb, JM Sahni, RA Keri
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly proliferative and genomically unstable, making these tumors particularly sensitive to anti-proliferative chemotherapies. While efficacious, these drugs induce dose limiting toxicities. Agents that can selectively target proliferation within cancer cells without inducing systemic toxicity should greatly improve patient outcomes from TNBC. In this regard, we have found that TNBC cells are particularly vulnerable to suppression of the transcriptional regulator, LIN9, that controls cell cycle progression. LIN9 mRNA is overexpressed in 66% of TNBCs and is correlated with worse patient outcomes. Moreover, suppression of LIN9 expression induces multi-nucleation, micronucleation, mitotic catastrophe, and cell death and/or senescence. While transcription factors are generally considered “undruggable, LIN9 expression can be pharmacologically suppressed by blocking the activity of cyclin dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) with the selective, covalent CDK7 inhibitor, THZ1. CDK7 inhibitors inactivate RNA polymerase 2 and destabilize the super-enhancer mediated expression of oncogenes. Treatment of three TNBC cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and HCC38) with THZ1 induces G2/M arrest and phenocopies genetic silencing of LIN9. Use of live cell imaging revealed that THZ1 increases the duration of mitosis and also leads to mitosis-associated cell death. Together, these data reveal that CDK7 inhibitors primarily inhibit TNBC growth by causing mitotic dysfunction and potentiating genomic instability by inducing micro- and multi-nucleation. In addition, they suggest that suppressing LIN9 expression by inhibiting CDK7 may lead to a selective approach for targeting proliferation of TNBC and improving patient outcomes from this disease. Citation Format: Webb BM, Sahni JM, Keri RA. Cyclin dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) inhibition with THZ1 induces mitotic failure and increases genomic instability in triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-07-06.
A Randomized Controlled Study of Integrated Smoking Cessation in a Lung Cancer Screening Program
Authors: Alain Tremblay, Niloofar Taghizadeh, Jane Huang, Debra Kasowski, Paul MacEachern, Paul Burrowes, Andrew J. Graham, James A. Dickinson, Stephen C. Lam, Huiming Yang, Rommy Koetzler, Martin Tammemagi, Kathryn Taylor, Eric L.R. Bédard
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
An evening with dementia
Authors: Harriet Vickers
Journal: BMJ (2011)

An evening with dementia

New End Theatre, Hampstead, London until 6 March, and then at various venues UK-wide. £14 and £12 concession

Trevor T Smith was inspired to write this hour long monologue, which he also performs, after reading the poem A crabbit old woman by an old woman in a geriatric ward. The play shows the confusion, memory loss and depression that come with dementia, and it’s a beautifully unfolding, engaging, and entertaining piece of theatre.

The central character—a nameless …
Abstract P3-11-03: Validation of CIN4 in the DBCG 89D clinical cohort
Authors: M Spears, M-B Jensen, N Lyttle, L Liao, A-V Laenkholm, B Ejitlertsen, JM Bartlett
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background: Chromosome instability (CIN) in solid tumours is associated with poor prognosis and results in numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations. Our group previously have developed the CIN signatures and have demonstrated the CIN signatures as prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer cohorts. Furthermore, our work in the BR9601 and MA.5 clinical cohorts CIN4 provided level IIB evidence that CIN4 was predictive of anthracycline sensitivity. An analysis of the DBCG 89D clinical trial was now performed to validate the role of CIN gene expression signatures as a marker of anthracycline sensitivity. Methods: RNA was extracted from patients in DBCG 89D clinical trial analysed through NanoString technology. The prognostic and predictive values of the signatures on distant relapse-free survival (DRFS) were explored using Cox proportional hazard models. Multivariate models included menopausal status, tumour size, nodal status, ER and Her2 status, histological type and grade, and treatment regimen. Results: All of the 594 samples available from the DBCG 89D we successfully analysed. CIN25 and CIN70 gene expression signatures did not associate with any of the clinicopathological characteristics tested. In addition, CIN25 and CIN70 were not prognostic or predictive of distant relapse free or breast cancer specific survival in this clinical cohort. Low CIN4 score was associated with ER negativity (p=0.02), HER2 normal expression (p&amp;lt;0.05). Conclusion: In this study we demonstrated that CIN4 was associated with aggressive disease. We were however in DBCG 89D unable to validate the predictive value of CIN4 concerning anthracycline sensitivity. Citation Format: Spears M, Jensen M-B, Lyttle N, Liao L, Laenkholm A-V, Ejitlertsen B, Bartlett JM. Validation of CIN4 in the DBCG 89D clinical cohort [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-11-03.
Computational motor planning and the theory of event coding
Authors: David A. Rosenbaum
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Recent computational models of motor planning have relied heavily on anticipating the consequences of motor acts. Such anticipation is vital for dealing with the redundancy problem of motor control (i.e., the problem of selecting a particular motor solution when more than one is possible to achieve a goal). Computational approaches to motor planning support the Theory of Event Coding (TEC).
A change on an electrocardiogram not to be missed
Authors: Arthur Wong, Gurbinder Maumi, Gareth Williams
Journal: BMJ (2012)

An 80 year old woman with a history of severe vascular dementia presented to the acute surgical unit. A collateral history given by staff at her nursing home stated she had had seven days of abdominal pain associated with vomiting. She had not opened her bowels for many days. Medical history included stroke and hypertension. She had no surgical history. At the time she was taking aspirin, ramipril, and simvastatin.

On examination her pulse rate was regular at 98 beats/min, blood pressure was 132/84 mm Hg, respiratory rate was 12 breaths/min, she had a temperature of 37.1°C, and her oxygen saturations were 96% on room air. Her abdomen was visibly distended and felt firm on palpation, but neither guarding nor organomegaly was detected. A plain abdominal radiograph showed dilated bowel loops. A computed tomography scan did not show evidence of mechanical bowel obstruction. She was treated for pseudo-obstruction with a nasogastric tube and intravenous fluids.

After conservative management, an electrolyte abnormality was noted from the blood test results. Arterial blood …
Consciousness as action: The eliminativist sirens are calling
Authors: Martin Kurthen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

The sensorimotor theory of vision successfully blends in with the currently developing action-oriented account of cognition. As a theory of phenomenal consciousness, however, it suffers from the same shortcomings as the theories O'Regan &amp; Noë (O&amp;N) criticize. This is mainly due to the failure to avoid the explanatory gap by rejecting one notion of qualia while retaining the concept of experience with qualitative features in general.