tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Temperament With Preoperative Anxiety in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Surgery
Authors: Cheryl H. T. Chow, Ayesha Rizwan, Richard Xu, Lauren Poulin, Varun Bhardwaj, Ryan J. Van Lieshout, Norman Buckley, Louis A. Schmidt
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

<h3>Importance</h3> Preoperative anxiety is associated with poor behavioral adherence during anesthetic induction and adverse postoperative outcomes. Research suggests that temperament can affect preoperative anxiety and influence its short- and long-term effects, but these associations have not been systematically examined. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine the associations of temperament with preoperative anxiety in young patients undergoing surgery. <h3>Data Sources</h3> Studies from MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched from database inception to June 2018. <h3>Study Selection</h3> All prospective studies reporting associations of temperament with preoperative anxiety were included. Overall, 43 of 5451 identified studies met selection criteria. <h3>Data Extraction and Synthesis</h3> Using the PRISMA guidelines, reviewers independently read 43 full-text articles, extracted data on eligible studies, and assessed the quality of each study. Data were pooled using the Lipsey and Wilson random-effects model. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Primary outcome was the association of temperament with preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing surgery. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 23 studies, with 4527 participants aged 1 to 18 years, were included in this review. Meta-analysis of 12 studies including 1064 participants revealed that emotionality (<i>r</i> = 0.11; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.19), intensity of reaction (<i>r</i> = 0.29; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.46), and withdrawal (<i>r</i> = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.55) were positively associated with preoperative anxiety, whereas activity level (<i>r</i> = −0.23; 95% CI, −0.31 to −0.16) was negatively correlated with preoperative anxiety. Impulsivity was not significantly associated with preoperative anxiety. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This systematic review and meta-analysis provided evidence suggesting that temperament may help identify pediatric patients at risk of preoperative anxiety and guide the design of prevention and intervention strategies. Future studies should continue to explore temperament and other factors influencing preoperative anxiety and their transactional effects to guide the development of precision treatment approaches and to optimize perioperative care.
Abstract 16791: Preliminary Evaluation of a Deep Learning Approach for Echocardiographic Screening for Rheumatic Heart Disease
Authors: Lindsay A Edwards, Fei Feng, Mehreen Iqbal, Yong Fu, Amy Sanyahumbi, Shiying Hao, Doff B McElhinney, Xuefeng B Ling, Jiajia Luo
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Echocardiography-based screening for rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in asymptomatic children in resource-limited settings results in early diagnosis, which, in combination with effective secondary prevention, may reduce morbidity and mortality. Physician-led screening, however, is not feasible in much of the developing world. Automated echocardiographic diagnosis via a novel deep learning approach may obviate the need for a physician, enabling more widespread echocardiographic screening, early diagnosis, and improved outcomes. In this study, we hypothesized that a deep learning model is capable of identifying mitral regurgitation (MR) in appropriate views. Methods: Echocardiogram clips were labeled by clip for view and presence of MR. Using the computational ability of a Nvidia GTX1080TI graphics processing unit, training dataset clips were used to build two convolutional neural networks to perform the stepwise tasks of classifying the clips 1) by view and 2) by the presence/absence of MR in appropriate color Doppler views. We trained the views classification model using 1857 clips of all views and the MR detection model using 686 parasternal long axis, parasternal short axis, and apical four chamber color Doppler clips. We then evaluated the performance of our models using a test dataset. Results are reported as an F1 score (an F1 score of 1 suggests perfect accuracy of the model). Results: Figure 1. a) View Classification Model Learning Curve, b) MR Detection Model Learning Curve Discussion: Our results suggest that a deep learning model is capable of discerning MR on echocardiogram clips. This is an encouraging step toward automated diagnosis of RHD, which will enable less skilled echocardiogram operators to make a real-time diagnosis of RHD.
Disease severity and clinical outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia caused by non-influenza respiratory viruses in adults: a multicentre prospective registry study from the CAP-China Network
Authors: Fei Zhou, Yimin Wang, Yingmei Liu, Xuedong Liu, Li Gu, Xiaoju Zhang, Zenghui Pu, Guoru Yang, Bo Liu, Qingrong Nie, Bing Xue, Jing Feng, Qiang Guo, Jianhua Liu, Hong Fan, Jin Chen, Yongxiang Zhang, Zhenyang Xu, Min Pang, Yu Chen, Xiuhong Nie, Zhigang Cai, Jinfu Xu, Kun Peng, Xiangxin Li, Pingchao Xiang, Zuoqing Zhang, Shujuan Jiang, Xin Su, Jie Zhang, Yanming Li, Xiuhong Jin, Rongmeng Jiang, Jianping Dong, Yuanlin Song, Hong Zhou, Chen Wang, Bin Cao
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2019)

Although broad knowledge of influenza viral pneumonia has been established, the significance of non-influenza respiratory viruses in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and their impact on clinical outcomes remains unclear, especially in the non-immunocompromised adult population. Hospitalised immunocompetent patients with CAP were prospectively recruited from 34 hospitals in mainland China. Respiratory viruses were detected by molecular methods. Comparisons were conducted between influenza and non-influenza viral infection groups. In total, 915 out of 2336 adult patients with viral infection were enrolled in the analysis, with influenza virus (28.4%) the most frequently detected virus, followed by respiratory syncytial virus (3.6%), adenovirus (3.3%), human coronavirus (3.0%), parainfluenza virus (2.2%), human rhinovirus (1.8%) and human metapneumovirus (1.5%). Non-influenza viral infections accounted for 27.4% of viral pneumonia. Consolidation was more frequently observed in patients with adenovirus infection. The occurrence of complications such as sepsis (40.1% versus 39.6%; p=0.890) and hypoxaemia (40.1% versus 37.2%; p=0.449) during hospitalisation in the influenza viral infection group did not differ from that of the non-influenza viral infection group. Compared with influenza virus infection, the multivariable adjusted odds ratios of CURB-65 (confusion, urea &gt;7 mmol·L −1 , respiratory rate ≥30 breaths·min −1 , blood pressure &lt;90 mmHg (systolic) or ≤60 mmHg (diastolic), age ≥65 years) ≥3, arterial oxygen tension/inspiratory oxygen fraction &lt;200 mmHg, and occurrence of sepsis and hypoxaemia for non-influenza respiratory virus infection were 0.87 (95% CI 0.26–2.84), 0.72 (95% CI 0.26–1.98), 1.00 (95% CI 0.63–1.58) and 1.05 (95% CI 0.66–1.65), respectively. The hazard ratio of 90-day mortality was 0.51 (95% CI 0.13–1.91). The high incidence of complications in non-influenza viral pneumonia and similar impact of non-influenza respiratory viruses relative to influenza virus on disease severity and outcomes suggest more attention should be given to CAP caused by non-influenza respiratory viruses.
The deubiquitinase Otub1 controls the activation of CD8+ T cells and NK cells by regulating IL-15-mediated priming
Authors: Xiaofei Zhou, Jiayi Yu, Xuhong Cheng, Baoyu Zhao, Ganiraju C. Manyam, Li Zhang, Kimberly Schluns, Pingwei Li, Jing Wang, Shao-Cong Sun
Journal: Nature Immunology (2019)
Abstract 12806: Ca2+ Wave Propagation was Modulated by ROS Generation and Ca2+ Dissociation from the Myofilaments During Stretching in Intact Rat Cardiac Trabeculae
Authors: Masahito Miura, Naomi Murai, Tsuyoshi Nagano, Natsu Narumi, Chiyohiko Shindoh
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Propagation velocity (Vp) of Ca2+ waves determines delayed afterdepolarization and affects the occurrence of arrhythmias in cardiac muscle. We focused on the initiation mechanism of Ca2...
Central nervous system regeneration is driven by microglia necroptosis and repopulation
Authors: Amy F. Lloyd, Claire L. Davies, Rebecca K. Holloway, Yasmine Labrak, Graeme Ireland, Dario Carradori, Alessandra Dillenburg, Eva Borger, Daniel Soong, Jill C. Richardson, Tanja Kuhlmann, Anna Williams, Jeffrey W. Pollard, Anne des Rieux, Josef Priller, Veronique E. Miron
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2019)
Value of Carotid Ultrasound in Cardiovascular Risk Stratification in Patients With Psoriatic Disease
Authors: Curtis Sobchak, Shadi Akhtari, Paula Harvey, Dafna Gladman, Vinod Chandran, Richard Cook, Lihi Eder
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2019)

Objective This study aimed to assess whether subclinical atherosclerosis, as evaluated by carotid ultrasound, could predict incident cardiovascular events ( CVE s) in patients with psoriatic disease (PsD) and determine whether incorporation of imaging data could improve CV risk prediction by the Framingham Risk Score ( FRS ). Methods In this cohort analysis, patients with PsD underwent ultrasound assessment of the carotid arteries at baseline. The extent of atherosclerosis was assessed using carotid intima‐media thickness ( CIMT ) and total plaque area ( TPA ). Incident CVE s (new or recurrent) that occurred following the ultrasound assessment were identified. The association between measures of carotid atherosclerosis and the risk of developing an incident CVE was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models, with adjustment for the FRS . Results In total, 559 patients with PsD were assessed, of whom 23 had incident CVE s ascertained. The calculated rate of developing a first CVE during the study period was 1.11 events per 100 patient‐years (95% confidence interval [95% CI ] 0.74–1.67). When analyzed separately in Cox proportional hazards models that were controlled for the FRS , the TPA (hazard ratio [ HR ] 3.74, 95% CI 1.55–8.85; P = 0.003), mean CIMT ( HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.03–1.42; P = 0.02), maximal CIMT ( HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01–1.22; P = 0.03), and high TPA category ( HR 3.25, 95% CI 1.18–8.95; P = 0.02) were each predictive of incident CVE s in patients with PsD. Conclusion The burden of carotid atherosclerosis is associated with an increased risk of developing future CVE s. Combining vascular imaging data with information on traditional CV risk factors could improve the accuracy of CV risk stratification in patients with PsD.
Patient-Derived Cancer Organoid Cultures to Predict Sensitivity to Chemotherapy and Radiation
Authors: Cheri A. Pasch, Peter F. Favreau, Alexander E. Yueh, Christopher P. Babiarz, Amani A. Gillette, Joe T. Sharick, Mohammad Rezaul Karim, Kwangok P. Nickel, Alyssa K. DeZeeuw, Carley M. Sprackling, Philip B. Emmerich, Rebecca A. DeStefanis, Rosabella T. Pitera, Susan N. Payne, Demetra P. Korkos, Linda Clipson, Christine M. Walsh, Devon Miller, Evie H. Carchman, Mark E. Burkard, Kayla K. Lemmon, Kristina A. Matkowskyj, Michael A. Newton, Irene M. Ong, Michael F. Bassetti, Randall J. Kimple, Melissa C. Skala, Dustin A. Deming
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2019)

Cancer treatment is limited by inaccurate predictors of patient-specific therapeutic response. Therefore, some patients are exposed to unnecessary side effects and delays in starting effective therapy. A clinical tool that predicts treatment sensitivity for individual patients is needed.Patient-derived cancer organoids were derived across multiple histologies. The histologic characteristics, mutation profile, clonal structure, and response to chemotherapy and radiation were assessed using bright-field and optical metabolic imaging on spheroid and single-cell levels, respectively.We demonstrate that patient-derived cancer organoids represent the cancers from which they were derived, including key histologic and molecular features. These cultures were generated from numerous cancers, various biopsy sample types, and in different clinical settings. Next-generation sequencing reveals the presence of subclonal populations within the organoid cultures. These cultures allow for the detection of clonal heterogeneity with a greater sensitivity than bulk tumor sequencing. Optical metabolic imaging of these organoids provides cell-level quantification of treatment response and tumor heterogeneity allowing for resolution of therapeutic differences between patient samples. Using this technology, we prospectively predict treatment response for a patient with metastatic colorectal cancer.These studies add to the literature demonstrating feasibility to grow clinical patient-derived organotypic cultures for treatment effectiveness testing. Together, these culture methods and response assessment techniques hold great promise to predict treatment sensitivity for patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiation.
Abstract 9983: Low Heart Rate Variability and the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death in the General Population: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: Lin Y Chen, Faye L Lopez, Ronald Prineas, Elsayed Z Soliman, Selcuk Adabag, Eric A Whitsel, Alvaro Alonso
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background Low heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in post-myocardial infarction and heart failure patients. However, it is unclear whether low HRV is associated with an increased risk of SCD in the general population. We sought to determine whether low HRV predicts risk of SCD in the ARIC study, a large US population-based cohort study. Methods We included 14,071 subjects (aged 45-64 years, 55% female, 27% black) enrolled 1987-89, and followed through 2001. Measures of HRV (RR interval, standard deviation of all normal RR intervals [SDNN], root mean square of successive differences [r-MSSD], low frequency power [LF], and high frequency power [HF]) were obtained from 2-minute rhythm strips at baseline. SCD was physician-adjudicated and was defined as death from a sudden, pulseless condition from a cardiac origin in a previously stable individual. We used Cox proportional hazards models to assess association between HRV measures and SCD. We also assessed interactions by sex and race. Results During follow-up (median 13.0 yrs), there were 264 SCD cases. Compared with the lowest tertile, the highest tertile of RR, SDNN, and LF were significantly associated with a lower risk of SCD (Table 1). Greater r-MSSD and HF were also non-significantly associated with a lower risk of SCD. In addition, there was an interaction between SDNN and sex (P for interaction=0.004): Hazard ratios (95% CI) of SCD in the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile in women and men were 0.41 (0.21-0.80), P=0.009 and 0.96 (0.66-1.40), P=0.83, respectively. We did not find an interaction by race. Conclusions Low HRV is associated with an increased risk of SCD in the general population. Before low HRV can be used as a marker for the risk stratification of SCD in the general population, additional studies to validate this novel association and to define the role of HRV in risk stratification of SCD in the general population are warranted.
OC-060 Colonoscopy versus ctc in the north central london bowel cancer screening programme.
Authors: J Fawkes, M Corpus, J Stein, T Smith, P Andrew, R Vega, E Seward
Journal: Gut (2017)

Introduction  Colonoscopy is the gold standard investigation for bowel cancer screening (BCS), however in cases of severe comorbidity, CT colonography (CTC) is offered. Our BCS service has been identified as a high referrer for CTC. This study aims to identify the criteria for indicating CT colonography in a consecutive cohort of patients with FOB+ within our BCS program. It also describes and compares the diagnostic findings at colonoscopy and CTC within our program.  Method  All new patients screened over a 12 month period were included, except those with a history of polyps on a surveillance pathway. The clinical justification for CTC was reviewed from imaging requests, and also minutes from weekly clinical review meetings where every patient not undergoing colonoscopy are discussed. Diagnostic yield for adenocarcinoma, high, intermediate and low risk adenomas for CTC and colonoscopy were compared using a Pearson’s chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate, significance p  Results  779 patients were included. 94 (12.1%) underwent CTC. Of these, 26 (27.7%) because of anticoagulation, 39 (41.5%) with cardiac comorbidity (arrhythmias, angina, infarct, aortic stenosis, uncontrolled hypertension, aortic aneurysm), 9 (9.6%) with respiratory comorbidity (COPD, pulmonary oedema), 8 (8.5%) had advanced cancer, 5 (5.3%) liver cirrhosis, 9 (9.6%) severe chronic kidney disease, 15 (16%) were post CVA or had impaired mobility, and 3 (3.2%) ‘other’ (dementia, failed previous colonoscopy). 6 (6.4%) of patients expressed a preference for CTC. Two (2.1%) of the patients undergoing CTC compared to 33 (4.8%) undergoing colonoscopy were found to have cancer (p>0.05). 25 (27.7%) patients at CT were found to have polyps next to 336 (49.1%) at colonoscopy (significant p  Conclusion  Our data shows there is significant comorbidity in the population referred for CTC. There is a significantly lower level of polyp detection in patients screened by CTC, in keeping with the published national data. A significantly higher amount of CTCs do not find any pathology. Our 12% referral rate to CTC is high compared to national averages cited at 2%>9%, however, CTC gives consideration to the risks of colonoscopy stated in the literature. There are no national guidelines for CTC over colonoscopy, leaving room for subjective interpretation of appropriateness. Only a minority of our CTCs are patient preference, and even these are acceptable if the alternative is no engagement with the BCSP.  Disclosure of Interest  None Declared
International trade and investment: still the foundation for tackling nutrition related non-communicable diseases in the era of Trump?
Authors: Helen Walls, Richard Smith, Soledad Cuevas, Johanna Hanefeld
Journal: BMJ (2019)

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development identified international trade as a structural driver of sustainable development, including identification of the risk posed by international trade to the prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD)• Poor diet and nutrition are risk factors for NCDs, accounting for 40% of annual deaths from NCDs• Trade and investment policy impact diet and nutrition through the food system and by affecting domestic policy and regulatory space relating to nutrition• We outline key pathways of this trade-nutrition impact on nutrition related NCD risk and consider their implications in the context of an evolving global trade regimeNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) constitute half the global burden of disease, 1 and are associated with high health, social, and economic costs. 2 The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted in 2015, recognised NCDs as a major challenge for sustainable development-and identified international trade as an important structural driver. 3ade and investment are associated with potential benefits to health. 4 5However, since the 2008 food crisis-which saw a surge in international cereal prices-and in the context of the growing global prevalence of obesity, the possible harmful impacts of trade on diet and nutrition have gained attention from researchers and policy makers. 6or diet and nutrition are strongly linked to NCD risk, accounting for around 40% of annual deaths from NCDs. 7 8 Trade and investment agreements and policies influence diet through their impact on local food environments-including price, availability, composition, and promotion. 9This impact results from changes relating particularly to the import and export of agricultural and food products, foreign direct investment, and the effects on domestic policy.
Systemic silencing of HIF hydroxylase PHD2 causes reversible immunoregulatory dysfunction
Authors: A Yamamoto, J Hester, P Macklin, K Kawai, M Uchiyama, D Biggs, T Bishop, K Bull, X Cheng, E Cawthorne, M Coleman, T Crockford, B Davies, L Dow, R Goldin, K Kranc, H Kudo, H Lawson, J McAuliffe, K Milward, C Scudamore, E Soilleux, F Issa, P Ratcliffe, C Pugh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2019)
Association Between South Carolina Medicaid’s Change in Payment for Immediate Postpartum Long-Acting Reversible Contraception and Birth Intervals
Authors: Maria W. Steenland, Lydia E. Pace, Anna D. Sinaiko, Jessica L. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (2019)

This study evaluates whether a 2012 change in the South Carolina Medicaid policy to reimburse hospitals for provision of immediate postpartum long-acting reversible contraception (IPP-LARC) separately from global payment for all services in a delivery hospitalization was associated with changes in IPP-LARC use and short-interval births between 2010 and 2017.
Successful peroral endoscopic removal of migrated metal stent
Authors: Yasuki Hori, Kazuki Hayashi, Yu Sobajima, Itaru Naitoh, Katsuyuki Miyabe, Michihiro Yoshida, Hiromi Kataoka
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Duodenal covered self-expandable metal stents (C-SEMSs) are designed with stent mesh to prevent tumor ingrowth [1]. However, stent migration is a major adverse event associated with C-SEMS, occurring in 8 % – 25 % of cases [2] [3]. In some cases, migrated stents exit via the rectum or remain in the body without complications [4]. However, when stent migration causes an intestinal obstruction, surgical removal is required [5]. To our knowledge, there are few reports of migrated SEMS removal via peroral endoscopy. Here, we outline a case of successful removal of a migrated duodenal C-SEMS using enteroscopy through an expanded second duodenal SEMS ([Video 1]).
Pan‐dermatophyte PCR
Authors: M. Walser, P.P. Bosshard
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

Dermatophytes are fungi that cause infections of the skin, hair and nails, called dermatophytosis or ringworm. These infections are among the most common skin diseases and affect up to 20% of the population at any given time. Current laboratory diagnosis of dermatophytosis is still based on microscopy and culture. Culture means taking samples and growing them in a lab and microscopy means examining samples under a microscope. This can be cumbersome and time‐consuming (the culture for dermatophytes takes up to four weeks). In this study from Switzerland, the authors aimed to establish a simple, robust, and rapid test that allows them to detect dermatophytes in samples within 1 to 2 days. They developed a type of test called a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, which makes many copies of specific dermatophyte DNA in a test tube, making it possible to prove the presence of the DNA in the sample (specimen). The PCR assay was evaluated using 306 clinical specimens (nails, skin and hairs) by comparing it to the results of microscopy and culture. Sensitivities (proportions of actual positives that are correctly identified as such) were estimated to be 96.9% for PCR, 46.7% for culture and 91.4% for microscopy while specificities (proportions of actual negatives that are correctly identified as such) were estimated to be 90.4%, 98.7%, and 84.0%, respectively. The new assay showed excellent performance and is significantly faster than culturing techniques, making it very promising for diagnosing dermatophytosis.
Abstract 15339: Assessment of Vessel Healing After Second Generation Drug Eluting Stenting by Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Masashi Sakuma, Takahisa Nasuno, Shichiro Abe, Syotaro Obi, Shigeru Toyoda, Isao Taguchi, Ryoichi Sohma, Ken-ichi Inoue, Setsu Nishino, Koichi Node, Guiherme Attizzani, Hiram Bezerra, Marco Costa, Daniel Simon, Teruo Inoue
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Bone marrow-derived progenitor cells likely contribute to both endothelial- and smooth muscle cell-dependent healing responses in the stent-injured vessel sites. Our prior study demon...