tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 — Final Report
Authors: John H Beigel, Kay M Tomashek, Lori E Dodd, Aneesh K Mehta, Barry S Zingman, Andre C Kalil, Elizabeth Hohmann, Helen Y Chu, Annie Luetkemeyer, Susan Kline, Diego Lopez de Castilla, Robert W Finberg, Kerry Dierberg, Victor Tapson, Lanny Hsieh, Thomas F Patterson, Roger Paredes, Daniel A Sweeney, William R Short, Giota Touloumi, David Chien Lye, Norio Ohmagari, Myoung-Don Oh, Guillermo M Ruiz-Palacios, Thomas Benfield, Gerd Fätkenheuer, Mark G Kortepeter, Robert L Atmar, C Buddy Creech, Jens Lundgren, Abdel G Babiker, Sarah Pett, James D Neaton, Timothy H Burgess, Tyler Bonnett, Michelle Green, Mat Makowski, Anu Osinusi, Seema Nayak, H Clifford Lane
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

BackgroundAlthough several therapeutic agents have been evaluated for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), no antiviral agents have yet been shown to be efficacious.MethodsWe conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous remdesivir in adults who were hospitalized with Covid-19 and had evidence of lower respiratory tract infection. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either remdesivir (200 mg loading dose on day 1, followed by 100 mg daily for up to 9 additional days) or placebo for up to 10 days. The primary outcome was the time to recovery, defined by either discharge from the hospital or hospitalization for infection-control purposes only.ResultsA total of 1062 patients underwent randomization (with 541 assigned to remdesivir and 521 to placebo). Those who received remdesivir had a median recovery time of 10 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 9 to 11), as compared with 15 days (95% CI, 13 to 18) among those who received placebo (rate ratio for recovery, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.49; P<0.001, by a log-rank test). In an analysis that used a proportional-odds model with an eight-category ordinal scale, the patients who received remdesivir were found to be more likely than those who received placebo to have clinical improvement at day 15 (odds ratio, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2 to 1.9, after adjustment for actual disease severity). The Kaplan–Meier estimates of mortality were 6.7% with remdesivir and 11.9% with placebo by day 15 and 11.4% with remdesivir and 15.2% with placebo by day 29 (hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.52 to 1.03). Serious adverse events were reported in 131 of the 532 patients who received remdesivir (24.6%) and in 163 of the 516 patients who received placebo (31.6%).ConclusionsOur data show that remdesivir was superior to placebo in shortening the time to recovery in adults who were hospitalized with Covid-19 and had evidence of lower respiratory tract infection. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and others; ACTT-1 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04280705.) Quick Take Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 — Final Report 1m 45s
The impact and importance of achieving a complete haematological response prior to renal transplantation in AL amyloidosis
Authors: Oliver C. Cohen, Steven Law, Helen J. Lachmann, Faye Sharpley, Sriram Ravichandran, Shameem Mahmood, Sajitha Sachchithanantham, Carol J. Whelan, Ana Martinez De Azcona Naharro, Marianna Fontana, Philip N. Hawkins, Julian D. Gillmore, Ashutosh D. Wechalekar
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2020)
Generic Albuterol Inhaler Approved
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Improvements in Hostility and Depression in Relation to Dietary Change and Cholesterol Lowering
Authors: Gerdi Weidner, Sonja L. Connor, Jack F. Hollis, William E. Connor
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Abstract ▪Objective:To describe changes in negative emotions among participants of a cholesterol-lowering study. ▪Design:Cohort study. Quantitative evaluation of changes in negative emotions in rel...
Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Glargine 300 Units/mL (Gla-300) Versus Insulin Glargine 100 Units/mL (Gla-100) in Children and Adolescents (6–17 years) With Type 1 Diabetes: Results of the EDITION JUNIOR Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Thomas Danne, William V. Tamborlane, Oleg A. Malievsky, Denise R. Franco, Tomoyuki Kawamura, Marek Demissie, Elisabeth Niemoeller, Harmonie Goyeau, Marek Wardecki, Tadej Battelino
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

To compare efficacy and safety of insulin glargine 300 units/mL (Gla-300) and 100 units/mL (Gla-100) in children and adolescents (6-17 years old) with type 1 diabetes.EDITION JUNIOR was a noninferiority, international, open-label, two-arm, parallel-group, phase 3b trial. Participants were randomized 1:1 to Gla-300 or Gla-100, titrated to achieve fasting self-monitored plasma glucose levels of 90-130 mg/dL (5.0-7.2 mmol/L), with continuation of prior prandial insulin. The primary end point was change in HbA1c from baseline to week 26. Other assessments included change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia with ketosis, and adverse events.In 463 randomized participants (Gla-300, n = 233; Gla-100, n = 230), comparable least squares (LS) mean (SE) reductions in HbA1c were observed from baseline to week 26 (-0.40% [0.06%] for both groups), with LS mean between-group difference of 0.004% (95% CI -0.17 to 0.18), confirming noninferiority at the prespecified 0.3% (3.3 mmol/mol) margin. Mean FPG change from baseline to week 26 was also similar between groups. During the 6-month treatment period, incidence and event rates of severe or documented (≤70 mg/dL [≤3.9 mmol/L]) hypoglycemia were similar between groups. Incidence of severe hypoglycemia was 6.0% with Gla-300 and 8.8% with Gla-100 (relative risk 0.68 [95% CI 0.35-1.30]). Incidence of any hyperglycemia with ketosis was 6.4% with Gla-300 and 11.8% with Gla-100.Gla-300 provided similar glycemic control and safety profiles to Gla-100 in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, indicating that Gla-300 is a suitable therapeutic option in this population.
Abstract 17673: Bleeding Risk in Patients With Cirrhosis Undergoing Transesophageal Echocardiography: 6-Year Experience From Parkland Memorial Hospital
Authors: Alvin Chandra, Tien-Chun Chen, Zhouwen Tang, Susan Matulevicius, Sandeep Das, Deepak Agrawal
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: The passage of the transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) echoscope occurs without visualization of the esophageal lumen given lack of endoscopic camera. This raises concerns regarding ...
Increased Plasma Amylin in Type 1 Diabetic Patients After Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation
Authors: Marietta Stadler, Christian Anderwald, Tina Karer, Andrea Tura, Thomas Kästenbauer, Martin Auinger, Christian Bieglmayer, Oswald Wagner, Florian Kronenberg, Peter Nowotny, Giovanni Pacini, Rudolf Prager
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—In response to hyperglycemia, β-cells release insulin and C-peptide, as well as islet amyloid pancreatic polypeptide, which is involved in glucose homeostasis. After successful pancreas-kidney transplantation (PKT), type 1 diabetic patients may revert to a nondiabetic metabolism without exogenous insulin therapy and re-secrete all β-cell hormones. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Using mathematical models, we investigated hormone (amylin, insulin, C-peptide) and metabolite (glucose, free fatty acids) kinetics, β-cell sensitivity to glucose, and oral glucose insulin sensitivity index (OGIS) in 11 nondiabetic type 1 diabetic patients after PKT (BMI 25 ± 1 kg/m2, 47 ± 2 years of age, 4 women/7 men, glucocorticoid-free), 6 matching nondiabetic patients after kidney transplantation (25 ± 1 kg/m2, 50 ± 5 years, 3 women/3 men, on glucocorticoids), and 9 matching nondiabetic control subjects (24 ± 1 kg/m2, 47 ± 2 years, 4 women/5 men) during a 3-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). RESULTS—PKT patients had higher fasting amylin (19 ± 3 vs. control subjects: 7 ± 1 pmol/l) and insulin (20 ± 2 vs. control subjects: 10 ± 1 μU/ml; each P &amp;lt; 0.01) levels. Kidney transplant subjects showed increased OGTT plasma insulin at 90 min and C-peptide levels (each P &amp;lt; 0.05). In PKT patients, plasma glucose from 90 to 150 min was 9–31% higher (P &amp;lt; 0.05 vs. control subjects). Amylin clearance was comparable in all groups. Amylin’s plasma concentrations and area under the concentration curve were up to twofold higher in PKT patients during OGTT (P &amp;lt; 0.05). OGIS was not significantly different between groups. β-Cell sensitivity to glucose was reduced in PKT patients (−64%, P &amp;lt; 0.009). Fasting plasma amylin was inversely associated with β-cell sensitivity to glucose (r = −0.543, P &amp;lt; 0.004). CONCLUSIONS—After successful PKT, type 1 diabetic patients with nondiabetic glycemia exhibit increased fasting and post–glucose load plasma amylin, which appears to be linked to impaired β-cell function. Thus, higher amylin release in proportion to insulin might also reflect impaired β-cell function in type 1 diabetic patients after PKT.
Posttreatment FDG-Avid Splenic Lesions in DLBCL and HD
Authors: Boaz Nachmias, Jeremy Godefroy, Eyal Rozenbach, Chezi Ganzel, Rachel Bar-Shalom, Neta Goldschmidt, Vladimir Vainstein
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract Residual end of treatment (EOT) FDG-avid lesions are often due to infectious or inflammatory process and not due to refractory lymphoma. Nonetheless, such lesions prompt diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. We evaluate clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with EOT FDG-avid splenic lesions. Comparing metabolic volume (MV) ratio between EOT to interim, showed a marked difference between false positive and true positive lesions (0.5 vs 3.6, P = 0.02). EOT SUV max was also significantly different between the groups (7 vs. 19, P = 0.02). We suggest EOT/interim-MV ratio as a tool to identify patients at low risk of refractory disease allowing non-invasive surveillance.
Specific, targetable interactions with the microenvironment influence imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Rahul Kumar, Raquel S. Pereira, Costanza Zanetti, Valentina R. Minciacchi, Maximilian Merten, Melanie Meister, Julian Niemann, Marina S. Dietz, Nina Rüssel, Frank Schnütgen, Minori Tamai, Koshi Akahane, Takeshi Inukai, Thomas Oellerich, Hans Michael Kvasnicka, Heike Pfeifer, Franck E. Nicolini, Mike Heilemann, Richard A. Van Etten, Daniela S. Krause
Journal: Leukemia (2020)

Abstract Therapy resistance in leukemia may be due to cancer cell-intrinsic and/or -extrinsic mechanisms. Mutations within BCR-ABL1 , the oncogene giving rise to chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), lead to resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), and some are associated with clinically more aggressive disease and worse outcome. Using the retroviral transduction/transplantation model of CML and human cell lines we faithfully recapitulate accelerated disease course in TKI resistance. We show in various models, that murine and human imatinib-resistant leukemia cells positive for the oncogene BCR-ABL1 T315I differ from BCR-ABL1 native ( BCR-ABL1 ) cells with regards to niche location and specific niche interactions. We implicate a pathway via integrin β3, integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and its role in deposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibronectin as causative of these differences. We demonstrate a trend towards a reduced BCR-ABL1 T315I+ tumor burden and significantly prolonged survival of mice with BCR-ABL1 T315I+ CML treated with fibronectin or an ILK inhibitor in xenogeneic and syngeneic murine transplantation models, respectively. These data suggest that interactions with ECM proteins via the integrin β3/ILK-mediated signaling pathway in BCR-ABL1 T315I+ cells differentially and specifically influence leukemia progression. Niche targeting via modulation of the ECM may be a feasible therapeutic approach to consider in this setting.
Lecture on the Nature &amp; Treatment of Cholera: Considered with Reference to Its Analogy with Congestive Agues of Quotidian Type
Authors: C. W. Bell
Journal: BMJ (1848)

GENTLEMEN,-Both as students of the science of medicine, and as professors of the healing art) we are all at present peculiarly interested in investigating the nature of cholera.Thirty-two years have now elapsed since that fatal disease first became known to our countrymen in India, and through them to the inhabitants of other countries; but it was long regarded by the nations of Europe and America, as belonging rather to another world, than as ever likely to become personally interest- ing to themselves.It was only on its actual appearance among us in 1832 that we became convinced of our mistake, and were thrown into all the consternation that attends a mysterious and unexpected object of terror.At that time every human attempt made to arrest its progress proved in vain; and, setting almost every variety of climate at defiance, cbolera completed the wide circuit of the world.No sooner, however, was the danger past, than we relapsed into our false notion of security, until this was again dispelled by appalling accounts of its renewed progress through Asia, and of its having again passed the boundary of the Cancasus, invading Europe by the identical route which it had followed seventeen years before, with no other difference than that its front was now more extended.
BL-8040, a CXCR4 antagonist, in combination with pembrolizumab and chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer: the COMBAT trial
Authors: Bruno Bockorny, Valerya Semenisty, Teresa Macarulla, Erkut Borazanci, Brian M. Wolpin, Salomon M. Stemmer, Talia Golan, Ravit Geva, Mitesh J. Borad, Katrina S. Pedersen, Joon Oh Park, Robert A. Ramirez, David G. Abad, Jaime Feliu, Andres Muñoz, Mariano Ponz-Sarvise, Amnon Peled, Tzipora M. Lustig, Osnat Bohana-Kashtan, Stephen M. Shaw, Ella Sorani, Marya Chaney, Shaul Kadosh, Abi Vainstein Haras, Daniel D. Von Hoff, Manuel Hidalgo
Journal: Nature Medicine (2020)
Clinical spectrum and prognostic value of <i>TP53</i> mutations in circulating tumor DNA from breast cancer patients in China
Authors: Zongbi Yi, Fei Ma, Guohua Rong, Yanfang Guan, Chunxiao Li, Binghe Xu
Journal: Cancer Communications (2020)

Abstract Background TP53 mutations are common in breast cancer. There is currently no large‐scale cohort study to investigate the TP53 landscape in breast cancer patients from China. The predictive value of TP53 mutations for the efficacy of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐targeted therapy in breast cancer remains controversial. In the present study, we aimed to analyze the clinical spectrum and prognostic value of TP53 mutations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from breast cancer patients in China. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and TP53 mutation features in ctDNA samples from 804 patients with metastatic breast cancer. TP53 mutations were detected by target region capture‐based next‐generation sequencing. The relationship between TP53 mutation status and disease‐free survival (DFS) was analyzed in 444 patients with metastatic breast cancer. Moreover, the relationship between TP53 mutation status and progression‐free survival (PFS) was analyzed in 55 HER2‐positive patients treated with first‐line trastuzumab‐based therapy. Kaplan‐Meier analysis was performed to estimate the survival curves of the different subgroups, and the log‐rank test was used to compare the curves. A Cox regression model was used to estimate multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with the DFS and PFS. Results Among the 804 investigated patients, 431 (53.6%) patients harbored TP53 mutations. TP53 mutations were differentially distributed among different molecular subtypes of breast cancer ( P &lt; 0.05). Patients with TP53 mutations had a shorter DFS than those with wild‐type TP53 (hazard ratio = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.09‐1.61, P = 0.005). TP53 mutations in exons 5‐8 were associated with worse outcome (hazard ratio = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.11‐2.03, P = 0.009). However, TP53 mutation status was not significantly associated with PFS in HER2‐positive patients who received first‐line trastuzumab‐based therapy ( P = 0.966). Interestingly, in the taxane combination group, patients with TP53 mutations exhibited longer PFS than those without TP53 mutations (hazard ratio = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.02‐0.30, P &lt; 0.001). However, in the non‐taxane combination group, patients with TP53 mutations displayed shorter PFS than those with wild‐type TP5 3 (hazard ratio = 4.84, 95% CI = 1.60‐14.66, P = 0.005). Conclusions TP53 mutations in exons 5‐8 may be an independent prognostic marker for short DFS in patients with metastatic breast cancer. TP53 mutations had opposite effects on trastuzumab‐treated patients treated with and without taxanes.
Interleukin-9 protects from early podocyte injury and progressive glomerulosclerosis in Adriamycin-induced nephropathy
Authors: Tingting Xiong, Madena Attar, Ann-Christin Gnirck, Malte Wunderlich, Martina Becker, Constantin Rickassel, Victor G. Puelles, Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger, Thorsten Wiech, Jasper F. Nies, Mylène Divivier, Tobias Fuchs, Julian Schulze zur Wiesch, Hanna Taipaleenmäki, Elion Hoxha, Stefan Wirtz, Tobias B. Huber, Ulf Panzer, Jan-Eric Turner
Journal: Kidney International (2020)
The impact of serious illness on patients' families. SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatment
Authors: K E Covinsky, L Goldman, E F Cook, R Oye, N Desbiens, D Reding, W Fulkerson, A F Connors, J Lynn, R S Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To examine the impact of illness on the families of seriously ill adults and to determine the correlates of adverse economic impact.Data were collected during the Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatment (SUPPORT), a prospective cohort study of outcomes, preferences, and decision making in seriously ill hospitalized adults and their families.Five tertiary care hospitals in the United States.The 2661 seriously ill patients in nine diagnostic categories who survived their index hospitalization and were discharged home were eligible for this analysis. Surrogate and/or patient interviews about the impact of illness on the family were obtained for 2129 (80%) of these patients (mean age, 62 years; 43% women; 6-month survival, 75%).Surrogates and patients were surveyed to determine the frequency of adverse caregiving and economic burdens. Multivariable analyses were performed to determine correlates of loss of family savings.One third (34%) of patients required considerable caregiving assistance from a family member. In 20% of cases, a family member had to quit work or make another major life change to provide care for the patient. Loss of most or all of the family savings was reported by 31% of families, whereas 29% reported loss of the major source of income. Patient factors independently associated with loss of the family's savings on multivariable analysis included poor functional status (odds ratio [OR], 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10 to 1.78 for patients needing assistance with three or more activities of daily living), lower family income (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.37 to 2.21 for those with annual incomes below $25,000), and young age (OR, 2.85; 95% CI, 2.13 to 3.82 for those younger than 45 years compared with those 65 years or older).Many families of seriously ill patients experience severe caregiving and financial burdens. Families of younger, poorer, and more functionally dependent patients are most likely to report loss of most or all of the family's savings.
Mixed methods study of clinicians’ perspectives on barriers to implementation of treat to target in psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Emma Dures, Julie Taylor, Sasha Shepperd, Sandeep Mukherjee, Joanna Robson, Ivo Vlaev, Nicola Walsh, Laura C Coates
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

In treat to target (T2T), the patient is treated to reach and maintain specified and sequentially measured goals, such as remission or low disease activity. T2T in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) has demonstrated improved clinical and patient-reported outcomes and is recommended in European guidelines. However, most clinicians do not use T2T in PsA. This study examined the barriers and enablers to implementation in practice.Sequential mixed methods comprising a qualitative design (interviews and focus group) to inform a quantitative design (survey). Qualitative data were analysed thematically, and quantitative statistics were analysed descriptively.Nineteen rheumatology clinicians participated in telephone interviews or a face-to-face focus group. An overarching theme 'Complexity' (including 'PsA vs Rheumatoid Arthritis', 'Measurement' and 'Resources') and an underpinning theme 'Changes to current practice' (including 'Reluctance due to organisational factors' and 'Individual determination to make changes') were identified. 153 rheumatology clinicians responded to an online survey. Barriers included limited clinical appointment time to collect outcome data (54.5%) and lack of training in assessing skin disease (35%). Enablers included provision of a protocol (86.4%), a local implementation lead (80.9%), support in clinic to measure outcomes (83.3%) and training in T2T (69.8%). The importance of regular audit with feedback, specialist PsA clinics and a web-based electronic database linked to hospital/national information technology (IT) systems were also identified as enablers.Implementation of T2T in PsA requires an integrated approach to address the support, training and resource needs of individual clinicians, rheumatology teams, local IT systems and service providers to maximise success.
Editorial: The aesculapian calendar
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Hypertension month has zoomed by, and now (at the time of writing) diabetes week is upon us. Soon, cystic fibrosis, multiple sclerosis, and ulcerative colitis will slide into their respective months and weeks, and at the end of winter the hounds of heart disease will be on emphysema's traces to claim their rightful places in the Gregorian, Julian, and lunar calendars. It isn't only that time flies, but it is becoming so closely linked with disease detection. In fact, so indissoluble is the association that it seems eminently logical to rename months and even to label weeks according to the disease of their dedication. Why, indeed, stick to "January" or "March," when Janus and Mars are long forgotten? Why hang on to July and August, when Julius Caesar and Octavius Augustus are no longer household names? The proposed change from the conventional to the Aesculapian calendar can be expected to