tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sudden onset homonymous quadrantanopia
Authors: Martin A Schaller-Paule, Lucie Friedauer, Se-Jong You
Journal: BMJ (2020)

While looking at the starry night sky, a man in his 60s—a retired general practitioner with an unremarkable medical history—noticed sudden loss of vision in both eyes affecting the upper left quadrant of his visual field, accompanied by a mild headache. He did not experience any nausea or emesis. Review by an ophthalmologist the next morning showed homonymous upper left quadrantanopia and he was referred to neurologists. The original homonymous quadrantanopia persisted with no other neurological deficits and no laboratory abnormalities. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (fig 1) was performed 13 hours after the initial symptoms. Routine MR imaging techniques were used and showed a small area of abnormal restricted diffusion in the primary visual cortex of the right occipital lobe (fig 1 left panel, arrow), and hyperintensity and full demarcation of the lesion (fig 1 right panel, arrow). There were no …
The American Heart Association’s Call to Action for Reducing the Global Burden of Rheumatic Heart Disease: A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Andrea Beaton, Flavia B. Kamalembo, James Dale, Joseph H. Kado, Ganesan Karthikeyan, Dhruv S. Kazi, Chris T. Longenecker, Jeremiah Mwangi, Emmy Okello, Antonio Luiz P. Ribeiro, Kathryn A. Taubert, David A. Watkins, Rosemary Wyber, Meghan Zimmerman, Jonathan Carapetis
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) affects ≈40 million people and claims nearly 300 000 lives each year. The historic passing of a World Health Assembly resolution on RHD in 2018 now mandates a coordinated global response. The American Heart Association is committed to serving as a global champion and leader in RHD care and prevention. Here, we pledge support in 5 key areas: (1) professional healthcare worker education and training, (2) technical support for the implementation of evidence-based strategies for rheumatic fever/RHD prevention, (3) access to essential medications and technologies, (4) research, and (5) advocacy to increase global awareness, resources, and capacity for RHD control. In bolstering the efforts of the American Heart Association to combat RHD, we hope to inspire others to collaborate, communicate, and contribute.
Weight gain during early adulthood, trajectory of body shape and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A prospective cohort study among women
Authors: Mi Na Kim, Chun-Han Lo, Kathleen E. Corey, Po-Hong Liu, Wenjie Ma, Xuehong Zhang, Manol Jovani, Mingyang Song, Andrew T. Chan, Tracey G. Simon
Journal: Metabolism (2020)
An engineered human albumin enhances half-life and transmucosal delivery when fused to protein-based biologics
Authors: Malin Bern, Jeannette Nilsen, Mattia Ferrarese, Kine M. K. Sand, Torleif T. Gjølberg, Heidrun E. Lode, Robert J. Davidson, Rodney M. Camire, Espen S. Bækkevold, Stian Foss, Algirdas Grevys, Bjørn Dalhus, John Wilson, Lene S. Høydahl, Gregory J. Christianson, Derry C. Roopenian, Tilman Schlothauer, Terje E. Michaelsen, Morten C. Moe, Silvia Lombardi, Mirko Pinotti, Inger Sandlie, Alessio Branchini, Jan Terje Andersen
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2020)

The human albumin variant E505Q/T527M/K573P improves pharmacokinetics of protein-based drugs and facilitates transport across mucosal epithelia.
Recent Advances in Injectable Hydrogels for Controlled and Local Drug Delivery
Authors: Fabio Rizzo, Nermin Seda Kehr
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Injectable hydrogels have received considerable interest in the biomedical field due to their potential applications in minimally invasive local drug delivery, more precise implantation, and site‐specific drug delivery into poorly reachable tissue sites and into interface tissues, where wound healing takes a long time. Injectable hydrogels, such as in situ forming and/or shear‐thinning hydrogels, can be generated using chemically and/or physically crosslinked hydrogels. Yet, for controlled and local drug delivery applications, the ideal injectable hydrogel should be able to provide controlled and sustained release of drug molecules to the target site when needed and should limit nonspecific drug molecule distribution in healthy tissues. Thus, such hydrogels should sense the environmental changes that arise in disease states and be able to release the optimal amount of drug over the necessary time period to the target region. To address this, researchers have designed stimuli‐responsive injectable hydrogels. Stimuli‐responsive hydrogels change their shape or volume when they sense environmental stimuli, e.g., pH, temperature, light, electrical signals, or enzymatic changes, and deliver an optimal concentration of drugs to the target site without affecting healthy tissues.
In ACS treated with drug-eluting stents and 3 mo of DAPT, ticagrelor monotherapy reduced clinical events at 1 y vs. DAPT
Authors: Chirag Bavishi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Source Citation Kim BK, Hong SJ, Cho YH, et al. Effect of ticagrelor monotherapy vs ticagrelor with aspirin on major bleeding and cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome: the TICO randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2020;323:2407-16. 32543684
Systemic treatments in the management of atopic dermatitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Doreen Siegels, Annice Heratizadeh, Susanne Abraham, Jonas Binnmyr, Knut Brockow, Alan D. Irvine, Susanne Halken, Charlotte G Mortz, Carsten Flohr, Peter Schmid‐Grendelmeier, Lauri‐Ann Van der Poel, Antonella Muraro, Stephan Weidinger, Thomas Werfel, Jochen Schmitt
Journal: Allergy (2020)

As an evidence resource for the currently planned European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) clinical practice guideline "systemic treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD)," we critically appraised evidence on systemic treatments for moderate-to-severe AD.We systematically identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the safety and efficacy of systemic treatments for AD up to February 2020. Primary efficacy outcomes were clinical signs, AD symptoms and health-related quality of life. Primary safety outcomes included cumulative incidence rates for (serious) adverse events. Trial quality was assessed applying the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0. Meta-analyses were conducted where appropriate.50 RCTs totalling 6681 patients were included. Trial evidence was identified for apremilast, azathioprine (AZA), baricitinib, ciclosporin A (CSA), corticosteroids, dupilumab, interferon-gamma, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), mepolizumab, methotrexate (MTX), omalizumab, upadacitinib and ustekinumab. Meta-analyses were indicated for the efficacy of baricitinib [EASI75 RD 0.16, 95% CI (0.10;0.23)] and dupilumab [EASI75, RD 0.37, 95% CI (0.32;0.42)] indicating short-term (ie 16-week treatment) superiority over placebo. Furthermore, efficacy analyses of AZA and CSA indicated short-term superiority over placebo; however, nonvalidated scores were used and can therefore not be compared to EASI.The most robust, replicated high-quality trial evidence is present for the efficacy and safety of dupilumab for up to 1 year in adults. Robust trial evidence was further revealed for AZA, baricitinib and CSA. Methodological restrictions led to limited evidence-based conclusions for all other systemic treatments. Head-to-head trials with novel systemic treatments are required to clarify the future role of conventional therapies.
The Novel Protein HSF1 Stress Pathway Inhibitor Bisamide CCT361814 Demonstrates Pre-Clinical Anti-Tumor Activity in Myeloma
Authors: Karen Menezes, Grace Aram, Fabio Mirabella, David C Johnson, Amy L Sherborne, Richard S Houlston, Matthew D Cheeseman, Elisa Pasqua, Paul Clarke, Paul Workman, Keith Jones, Martin F Kaiser
Journal: Blood (2017)
Doxycycline and Growth of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms—Reply
Authors: B. Timothy Baxter, John A. Curci, Michael L. Terrin
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The life history of breast cancer in Nigerian women: Evidence for ethnic differences in tumor evolution based on whole-genome sequencing
Authors: N Ansari-Pour, J J Pitt, S Dentro, D Fitzgerald, Y Zheng, T F Yoshimatsu, P Rajagopal, A Gruber, A Sanni, O Oluwasola, M Ajani, A Odetunde, A Popoola, A Falusi, T Ogundiran, J Obafunwa, O Ojengbede, N Ibrahim, K P White, D Huo, P Van Loo, D C Wedge, O Olopade
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)
Covid-19: Remdesivir has little or no impact on survival, WHO trial shows
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The largest trial to date of treatments repurposed for use in the covid-19 pandemic has shown that none of the four drugs studied produced any measurable benefit in mortality or disease course. This includes remdesivir—a drug already recommended by several guidelines and pre-ordered by numerous governments around the world.

Hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir-ritonavir, and interferon beta-1a regimens also seemed to have little or no effect on 28 day mortality. None of the drugs delayed the need for ventilation or shortened the stay of patients admitted to hospital. “For each drug in the study, the effect on mortality was disappointingly unpromising,” said the World Health Organization in a statement.

The WHO Solidarity trial followed 11 266 adults at 405 hospitals in 30 …
<i>Hes1</i> Is Essential in Proliferating Ductal Cell–Mediated Development of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Tomoaki Matsumori, Yuzo Kodama, Atsushi Takai, Masahiro Shiokawa, Yoshihiro Nishikawa, Tomonori Matsumoto, Haruhiko Takeda, Saiko Marui, Hirokazu Okada, Tomonori Hirano, Takeshi Kuwada, Yuko Sogabe, Nobuyuki Kakiuchi, Teruko Tomono, Atsushi Mima, Toshihiro Morita, Tatsuki Ueda, Motoyuki Tsuda, Yuki Yamauchi, Katsutoshi Kuriyama, Yojiro Sakuma, Yuji Ota, Takahisa Maruno, Norimitsu Uza, Hiroyuki Marusawa, Ryoichiro Kageyama, Tsutomu Chiba, Hiroshi Seno
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is frequently driven by aberrant KRAS activation and develops in the liver with chronic inflammation. Although the Notch signaling pathway is critically involved in ICC development, detailed mechanisms of Notch-driven ICC development are still unknown. Here, we use mice whose Notch signaling is genetically engineered to show that the Notch signaling pathway, specifically the Notch/Hes1 axis, plays an essential role in expanding ductular cells in the liver with chronic inflammation or oncogenic Kras activation. Activation of Notch1 enhanced the development of proliferating ductal cells (PDC) in injured livers, while depletion of Hes1 led to suppression. In correlation with PDC expansion, ICC development was also regulated by the Notch/Hes1 axis and suppressed by Hes1 depletion. Lineage-tracing experiments using EpcamcreERT2 mice further confirmed that Hes1 plays a critical role in the induction of PDC and that ICC could originate from PDC. Analysis of human ICC specimens showed PDC in nonneoplastic background tissues, confirming HES1 expression in both PDC and ICC tumor cells. Our findings provide novel direct experimental evidence that Hes1 plays an essential role in the development of ICC via PDC. SIGNIFICANCE: This study contributes to the identification of the cells of origin that initiate ICC and suggests that HES1 may represent a therapeutic target in ICC.
Liver Metastases of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Implications for an Updated Staging System
Authors: Angela Lamarca, Alvaro Santos‐Laso, Kirsten Utpatel, Adelaida La Casta, Simone Stock, Alejandro Forner, Jorge Adeva, Trine Folseraas, Luca Fabris, Rocio I.R. Macias, Marcin Krawczyk, Marek Krawczyk, Vincenzo Cardinale, Chiara Braconi, Domenico Alvaro, Matthias Evert, Jesus M. Banales, Juan W. Valle
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

Background and Aims Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) with liver metastases is perceived to have a poor prognosis, but the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classifies them as early stage in the absence of lymph nodes or extrahepatic spread. Approach and Results Patients with iCCA from the European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma (ENS‐CCA) and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries with survival/staging (AJCC v.7) data were eligible. Modified staging was used (mAJCC v.7): group A: stages I‐III (excluding T2bN0); group B: stage IVa (excluding T2bN1M0); group C: liver metastases (T2bN0/1); and group D: stage IVb (extrahepatic metastases). Survival analysis (Kaplan‐Meier and Cox regression) was performed in an ENS‐CCA training cohort (TC) and findings internally (ENS‐CCA iVC) and externally (SEER) validated. The aim was to assess whether liver metastases (group C) had a shorter survival compared to other early stages (group A) to propose a modified version of AJCC v.8 (mAJCC v.8). A total of 574 and 4,171 patients from the ENS‐CCA and SEER registries were included. Following the new classification, 19.86% and 17.31% of patients from the ENS‐CCA and SEER registries were reclassified into group C, respectively. In the ENS‐CCA TC, multivariable Cox regression was adjusted for obesity (p = 0.026) and performance status ( P &lt; 0.001); patients in group C (HR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.18‐5.42; P = 0.017) had a higher risk of death (vs. group A). Findings were validated in the ENS‐CCA iVC (HR, 2.93; 95% CI, 2.04‐4.19; P &lt; 0.001) and in the SEER registry (HR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.68‐2.09; P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions iCCA with liver metastases has a worse outcome than other early stages of iCCA. Given that AJCC v.8 does not take this into consideration, a modification of AJCC v.8 (mAJCC v.8), including “liver metastases: multiple liver lesions, with or without vascular invasion” as an “M1a stage,” is suggested.
40 Correlation of relationship between infliximab and adalimumab trough and antibody levels with clinical response rates at completion of induction therapy
Authors: D Tighe, S Smith, A O’Connor, N Breslin, B Ryan, D McNamara
Journal: Gut (2017)

Background  Anti-TNFa therapies have improved response rates in inflammatory bowel disease. However primary loss of response is problematic.  Aim  Aim of this study was to explore relationship between infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA) trough and antibody levels with clinical response.  Method  This was a prospective, single centre study. Patients were recruited from July 2015-August 2016. Inclusion criteria were patients older than 17 years with IBD who started treatment with anti-TNFa drugs (infliximab/adalimumab) Patient demographics, clinical history were collected from electronic records. Clinical disease activity indexes were performed (Harvey-Bradshaw Index for Crohn’s disease (CD), and partial Mayo scores for Ulcerative colitis (UC)). Clinical response defined as reduction in HBI≤3 or reduction in partial Mayo score ≤4 and   Results  35 patients were recruited; 23 CD, 12 UC. 18 patients treated with ADA, 17 IFX. Mean age 40.3 years, 62.9% female, 34.3% thiopurines, 25.7% prior anti-TNFa exposure. Response rate 51.4%, 33.3% for ADA, 70.6% for IFX. Overall trough levels were 12.5 ug/ml for IFX, 4.4 ug/ml for ADA. There was clear link between higher anti-TNFa trough levels at induction with clinical response. For infliximab, mean trough levels in responders were 16.4 ug/ml (IQR 8.4-22.7) versus 5.3 ug/ml(IQR 0.5–8.8) for non-responders (p value 0.02 95% CI: 1.5 to 20.7). Similarly there was a link between higher ADA levels with clinical response, though not statistically significant. Responders mean trough 6.6 ug/ml versus non-responders 3.0 ug/ml (p value 0.14). Antibody formation occurred in 28.5%.  Conclusions  Higher anti-TNFa trough levels at induction are associated with improved clinical response.
Targeting the gut-liver-immune axis to treat cirrhosis
Authors: Thomas Henry Tranah, Lindsey A Edwards, Bernd Schnabl, Debbie Lindsay Shawcross
Journal: Gut (2020)

Cirrhotic portal hypertension is characterised by development of the decompensating events of ascites, encephalopathy, portal hypertensive bleeding and hepatorenal syndrome, which arise in a setting of cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID) and define morbidity and prognosis. CAID describes the dichotomous observations that systemic immune cells are primed and display an inflammatory phenotype, while failing to mount robust responses to pathogen challenge. Bacterial infections including spontaneous bacterial peritonitis are common complications of advanced chronic liver disease and can precipitate variceal haemorrhage, hepatorenal syndrome and acute-on-chronic liver failure; they frequently arise from gut-derived organisms and are closely linked with dysbiosis of the commensal intestinal microbiota in advanced chronic liver disease. Here, we review the links between cirrhotic dysbiosis, intestinal barrier dysfunction and deficits of host-microbiome compartmentalisation and mucosal immune homoeostasis that occur in settings of advanced chronic liver disease. We discuss established and emerging therapeutic strategies targeted at restoring intestinal eubiosis, augmenting gut barrier function and ameliorating the mucosal and systemic immune deficits that characterise and define the course of decompensated cirrhosis.
Infographic. Recommendations for hamstring injury prevention in elite football: translating research into practice
Authors: Matthew Buckthorpe, Steve Wright, Adam Virgile, Mo Gimpel
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

Hamstring strain injuries (HSI) are consistently the most prevalent time-loss injury in football1 and as such are an important issue in football medicine. Despite an ever-increasing wealth of information emerging on the aetiology of HSIs, their incidence in football are increasing.1 This could be explained by the increased intensity and physical demands of football match play over the last decade2; but practitioners should also question their approach to injury prevention and physical preparation of players.

Within elite football, there is a large disconnect between evidence-based practice and the actual interventions …
Endoscopic findings in a patient with epigastric pain
Authors: Hirotsugu Eda, Tadayuki Oshima, Seiichi Hirota, Hiroto Miwa
Journal: Gut (2020)

A 16-year-old girl had repeated epigastric pain and nausea without any lower abdominal symptoms for 2 years prior to being referred to our hospital. Two years previously, she had undergone oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and was diagnosed with chronic gastritis. She denied any other medical history. Physical examination was normal. Laboratory data revealed an iron deficiency anaemia and she had hypoalbuminaemia (serum albumin, 3.1 g/dL). Serum gastrin was 200 pg/mL and vitamin B12 was 270 pg/mL. Antigastric parietal cell and anti-intrinsic factor antibodies and Helicobacter pylori infection were negative. Colonoscopy did not show any abnormalities, and EGD in our hospital revealed diffuse atrophic mucosa with nodular changes observed only in the gastric body circumferentially (figure 1A). In addition, there were multiple …
An Open Resource for Non-human Primate Optogenetics
Authors: Sébastien Tremblay, Leah Acker, Arash Afraz, Daniel L. Albaugh, Hidetoshi Amita, Ariana R. Andrei, Alessandra Angelucci, Amir Aschner, Puiu F. Balan, Michele A. Basso, Giacomo Benvenuti, Martin O. Bohlen, Michael J. Caiola, Roberto Calcedo, James Cavanaugh, Yuzhi Chen, Spencer Chen, Mykyta M. Chernov, Andrew M. Clark, Ji Dai, Samantha R. Debes, Karl Deisseroth, Robert Desimone, Valentin Dragoi, Seth W. Egger, Mark A.G. Eldridge, Hala G. El-Nahal, Francesco Fabbrini, Frederick Federer, Christopher R. Fetsch, Michal G. Fortuna, Robert M. Friedman, Naotaka Fujii, Alexander Gail, Adriana Galvan, Supriya Ghosh, Marc Alwin Gieselmann, Roberto A. Gulli, Okihide Hikosaka, Eghbal A. Hosseini, Xing Hu, Janina Hüer, Ken-ichi Inoue, Roger Janz, Mehrdad Jazayeri, Rundong Jiang, Niansheng Ju, Kohitij Kar, Carsten Klein, Adam Kohn, Misako Komatsu, Kazutaka Maeda, Julio C. Martinez-Trujillo, Masayuki Matsumoto, John H.R. Maunsell, Diego Mendoza-Halliday, Ilya E. Monosov, Ross S. Muers, Lauri Nurminen, Michael Ortiz-Rios, Daniel J. O’Shea, Stéphane Palfi, Christopher I. Petkov, Sorin Pojoga, Rishi Rajalingham, Charu Ramakrishnan, Evan D. Remington, Cambria Revsine, Anna W. Roe, Philip N. Sabes, Richard C. Saunders, Hansjörg Scherberger, Michael C. Schmid, Wolfram Schultz, Eyal Seidemann, Yann-Suhan Senova, Michael N. Shadlen, David L. Sheinberg, Caitlin Siu, Yoland Smith, Selina S. Solomon, Marc A. Sommer, John L. Spudich, William R. Stauffer, Masahiko Takada, Shiming Tang, Alexander Thiele, Stefan Treue, Wim Vanduffel, Rufin Vogels, Matthew P. Whitmire, Thomas Wichmann, Robert H. Wurtz, Haoran Xu, Azadeh Yazdan-Shahmorad, Krishna V. Shenoy, James J. DiCarlo, Michael L. Platt
Journal: Neuron (2020)