tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Estimating the effect of calorie menu labeling on calories purchased in a large restaurant franchise in the southern United States: quasi-experimental study
Authors: Joshua Petimar, Fang Zhang, Lauren P Cleveland, Denise Simon, Steven L Gortmaker, Michele Polacsek, Sara N Bleich, Eric B Rimm, Christina A Roberto, Jason P Block
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Abstract Objective To evaluate whether calorie labeling of menus in large restaurant chains was associated with a change in mean calories purchased per transaction. Design Quasi-experimental longitudinal study. Setting Large franchise of a national fast food company with three different restaurant chains located in the southern United States (Louisiana, Texas, and Mississippi) from April 2015 until April 2018. Participants 104 restaurants with calorie information added to in-store and drive-thru menus in April 2017 and with weekly aggregated sales data during the pre-labeling (April 2015 to April 2017) and post-labeling (April 2017 to April 2018) implementation period. Main outcome measures Primary outcome was the overall level and trend changes in mean purchased calories per transaction after implementation of calorie labeling compared with the counterfactual (ie, assumption that the pre-intervention trend would have persisted had the intervention not occurred) using interrupted time series analyses with linear mixed models. Secondary outcomes were by item category (entrees, sides, and sugar sweetened beverages). Subgroup analyses estimated the effect of calorie labeling in stratums defined by the sociodemographic characteristics of restaurant census tracts (defined region for taking census). Results The analytic sample comprised 14 352 restaurant weeks. Over three years and among 104 restaurants, 49 062 440 transactions took place and 242 726 953 items were purchased. After labeling implementation, a level decrease was observed of 60 calories/transaction (95% confidence interval 48 to 72; about 4%), followed by an increasing trend of 0.71 calories/transaction/week (95% confidence interval 0.51 to 0.92) independent of the baseline trend over the year after implementation. These results were generally robust to different analytic assumptions in sensitivity analyses. The level decrease and post-implementation trend change were stronger for sides than for entrees or sugar sweetened beverages. The level decrease was similar between census tracts with higher and lower median income, but the post-implementation trend in calories per transaction was higher in low income (change in calories/transaction/week 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.67 to 1.21) than in high income census tracts (0.50, 0.19 to 0.81). Conclusions A small decrease in mean calories purchased per transaction was observed after implementation of calorie labeling in a large franchise of fast food restaurants. This reduction diminished over one year of follow-up.
Predicted Northward Expansion of the Geographic Range of the Tick Vector <i>Amblyomma americanum</i> in North America under Future Climate Conditions
Authors: Irina Sagurova, Antoinette Ludwig, Nicholas H. Ogden, Yann Pelcat, Guillaume Dueymes, Philippe Gachon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2019)

BACKGROUND:The geographic range of the tick Amblyomma americanum, a vector of diseases of public health significance such as ehrlichiosis, has expanded from the southeast of the United States northward during the 20th century.Recently, populations of this tick have been reported to be present close to the Canadian border in Michigan and New York states, but established populations are not known in Canada.Previous research suggests that changing temperature patterns with climate change may influence tick life cycles and permit northward range expansion of ticks in the northern hemisphere.OBJECTIVES: We aimed to estimate minimal temperature conditions for survival of A. americanum populations at the northern edge of the tick's range and to investigate the possibility of range expansion of A. americanum into northern U.S. states and southern Canada in the coming decades.METHODS: A simulation model of the tick A. americanum was used, via simulations using climate data from meteorological stations in the United States and Canada, to estimate minimal temperature conditions for survival of A. americanum populations at the northern edge of the tick's range.RESULTS: The predicted geographic scope of temperature suitability [≥3,285 annual cumulative degree days (DD) > 0 C] included most of the central and eastern U.S. states east of longitude 110°W, which is consistent with current surveillance data for the presence of the tick in this region, as well as parts of southern Quebec and Ontario in Canada.Regional climate model output raises the possibility of northward range expansion into all provinces of Canada from Alberta to Newfoundland and Labrador during the coming decades, with the greatest northward range expansion (up to 1,000 km by the year 2100) occurring under the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5.Predicted northward range expansion was reduced by approximately half under the reduced GHG emissions of RCP4.5.DISCUSSION: Our results raise the possibility of range expansion of A. americanum into northern U.
A Modified Peptide Derived from Goodpasture Autoantigen Arrested and Attenuated Kidney Injuries in a Rat Model of Anti-GBM Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Yue Shi, Xiao-yu Jia, Qiu-hua Gu, Miao Wang, Zhao Cui, Ming-hui Zhao
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2019)

Significance Statement The main target antigen of autoantibodies against glomerular basement membrane (GBM) in Goodpasture disease is the noncollagenous domain 1 of the α 3 chain ( α 3NC1) of type IV collagen. The authors previously identified a nephritogenic peptide, P14 ( α 3 127–148 ). In this study, they designed a modified peptide with one amino acid substitution in its core motif, replacing a pathogenic residue with a nonpathogenic one. Administering this modified peptide to rats with α 3-P14–induced anti-GBM GN reduced inflammatory responses and crescent formation in the kidneys through inhibition of α 3-P14 binding to antibodies and MHC II molecules, as well as through modulation of T cells, including inhibiting α 3-P14–specific T cell proliferation and abating Th17 cell differentiation. This peptide modification approach may offer insights into treating Goodpasture disease and other autoimmune kidney disorders. Background In Goodpasture disease, the noncollagenous domain 1 of the α 3 chain ( α 3NC1) of type IV collagen is the main target antigen of antibodies against glomerular basement membrane (GBM). We previously identified a nephritogenic epitope, P14 ( α 3 127–148 ), that could induce crescentic nephritis in WKY rats, and defined its core motif. Designing a modified peptide, replacing critical pathogenic residues with nonpathogenic ones (on the basis of homologous regions in α 1NC1 chain of type IV collagen, known to be nonpathogenic), might provide a therapeutic option for anti-GBM GN. Methods We synthesized a modified peptide, replacing a single amino acid, and injected it into α 3-P14–immunized rats from day 0 (the early-treatment group) or a later-treatment group (from days 17 to 21). A scrambled peptide administrated with the same protocol served as a control. Results The modified peptide, but not the scrambled peptide, attenuated anti-GBM GN in both treatment groups, and halted further crescent formation even after disease onset. Kidneys from the modified peptide–treated rats exhibited reductions in IgG deposits, complement activation, and infiltration by T cells and macrophages. Treatment also resulted in an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile versus a proinflammatory profile for animals not receiving the modified peptide; it also reduced α 3-P14–specific T cell activation, modulated T cell differentiation by decreasing Th17 cells and enhancing the ratio of Treg/Th17 cells, and inhibited binding of α 3-P14 to antibodies and MHC II molecules. Conclusions A modified peptide involving alteration of a critical motif in a nephritogenic T cell epitope alleviated anti-GBM GN in a rat model. Our findings may provide insights into an immunotherapeutic approach for autoimmune kidney disorders such as Goodpasture disease.
Recalibrating the four hour target: is it going to help?
Authors: Georgina E White, Oliver T Cole
Journal: BMJ (2019)

If, as Kar suggests,1 you look at the four hour target—which says that 95% of patients attending emergency departments should be admitted, transferred, or discharged within four hours—as purely a performance indicator then it shows that despite superhuman effort, clever ideas, and careful coding most emergency departments simply can’t keep up with the volume and complexity of patients. The …
Subungual Mass in a Middle-aged Woman
Authors: Hui-Zi Gong, Jun Li
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Incidence of Post-Thrombotic Syndrome Following Asymptomatic Thrombosis in Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
Authors: Stefan Kuhle, Maria Spavour, Jacqueline Halton, Patricia Massicotte, Irene Cherrick, David Dix, Donald Mahoney, Sunil Desai, Lesley G. Mitchell
Journal: Blood (2007)
P1.05 Clinical Factors Associated with Progression in Previously Treated Patients with Metastatic NSCLC on ANTI-PD-1 Therapy
Authors: M. Randall, R. Kollipara, S. Basu, J. Borgia, M. Batus, P. Bonomi, I. Tarhoni, I. Fughhi, M. Fidler
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
Homeopathy should have professional accreditation revoked, NHS leaders urge
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Senior NHS leaders have called for the UK’s largest group of registered homeopaths to have its accreditation revoked amid concerns that some practitioners are spreading misinformation about vaccines.

In a letter to the Professional Standards Authority (PSA) for Health and Social Care, NHS England chief executive Simon Stevens and national medical director Stephen Powis expressed “serious concerns” about the possible reaccreditation of the Society of Homeopaths. Such a seal …
A partial augmented reality system with live ultrasound and registered preoperative MRI for guiding robot-assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Golnoosh Samei, Keith Tsang, Claudia Kesch, Julio Lobo, Soheil Hor, Omid Mohareri, Silvia Chang, S. Larry Goldenberg, Peter C. Black, Septimiu Salcudean
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2019)
The yin and yang of imaging tumor associated macrophages with PET and MRI
Authors: Sudip Mukherjee, Dominik Sonanini, Andreas Maurer, Heike E. Daldrup-Link
Journal: Theranostics (2019)

Tumor associated macrophages (TAM) are key players in the cancer microenvironment.Molecular imaging modalities such as MRI and PET can be used to track and monitor TAM dynamics in tumors non-invasively, based on specific uptake and quantification of MRI-detectable nanoparticles or PET-detectable radiotracers.Particular molecular signatures can be leveraged to target anti-inflammatory TAM, which support tumor growth, and pro-inflammatory TAM, which suppress tumor growth.In addition, TAM-directed imaging probes can be designed to include immune modulating properties, thereby leading to combined diagnostic and therapeutic (theranostic) effects.In this review, we will discuss the complementary role of TAM-directed radiotracers and iron oxide nanoparticles for monitoring cancer immunotherapies with PET and MRI technologies.In addition, we will outline how TAM-directed imaging and therapy is interdependent and can be connected towards improved clinical outcomes
Immunotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer: state of the art and future perspectives
Authors: E. Krasniqi, G. Barchiesi, L. Pizzuti, M. Mazzotta, A. Venuti, M. Maugeri-Saccà, G. Sanguineti, G. Massimiani, D. Sergi, S. Carpano, P. Marchetti, S. Tomao, T. Gamucci, R. De Maria, F. Tomao, C. Natoli, N. Tinari, G. Ciliberto, M. Barba, P. Vici
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2019)

Breast cancer (BC) is a complex disease with primary or acquired incurability characteristics in a significant part of patients. Immunotherapeutical agents represent an emerging option for breast cancer treatment, including the human epidermal growth factor 2 positive (HER2+) subtype. The immune system holds the ability to spontaneously implement a defensive response against HER2+ BC cells through complex mechanisms which can be exploited to modulate this response for obtaining a clinical benefit. Initial immune system modulating strategies consisted mostly in vaccine therapies, which are still being investigated and improved. However, the entrance of trastuzumab into the scenery of HER2+ BC treatment was the real game changing event, which embodied a dominant immune-mediated mechanism. More recently, the advent of the immune checkpoint inhibitors has caused a new paradigm shift for immuno-oncology, with promising initial results also for HER2+ BC. Breast cancer has been traditionally considered poorly immunogenic, being characterized by relatively low tumor mutation burden (TMB). Nevertheless, recent evidence has revealed high tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in a considerable proportion of HER2+ BC patients. This may translate into a higher potential to elicit anti-cancer response and, therefore, wider possibilities for the use and implementation of immunotherapy in this subset of BC patients. We are herein presenting and critically discussing the most representative evidence concerning immunotherapy in HER2+ BC cancer, both singularly and in combination with therapeutic agents acting throughout HER2-block, immune checkpoint inhibition and anti-cancer vaccines. The reader will be also provided with hints concerning potential future projection of the most promising immutherapeutic agents and approaches for the disease of interest.
Long-term survival and cause-specific mortality of patients newly diagnosed with tuberculosis in São Paulo state, Brazil, 2010–15: a population-based, longitudinal study
Authors: Otavio T Ranzani, Laura C Rodrigues, Sidney Bombarda, Cátia M Minto, Eliseu A Waldman, Carlos R R Carvalho
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2019)

BackgroundLong-term survival and cause-specific mortality of patients who start tuberculosis treatment is rarely described. We aimed to assess the long-term survival of these patients and evaluate the association between vulnerable conditions (social, health behaviours, and comorbidities) and cause-specific mortality in a country with a high burden of tuberculosis.MethodsIn this population-based, longitudinal study in São Paulo state, Brazil, we described the 5-year survival of patients who were newly diagnosed with tuberculosis in 2010. We included patients with newly-diagnosed tuberculosis, aged 15 years or older, and notified to the São Paulo State Tuberculosis Program in 2010. We excluded patients whose diagnosis had changed during follow-up (ie, they did not have tuberculosis) and patients who had multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis. We selected our population with tuberculosis from the dedicated electronic system TBweb. Our primary objective was to estimate the excess mortality over 5 years and within the group who survived the first year, compared with the general São Paulo state population. We also estimated the association between social vulnerability (imprisonment and homelessness), health behaviours (alcohol and drug use), and comorbidities (diabetes and mental disorders) with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. We used the competing risk analysis framework, estimating cause-specific hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for potential confounding factors.FindingsIn 2010, there were 19 252 notifications of tuberculosis cases. We excluded 550 cases as patients were younger than 15 years, 556 cases that were not tuberculosis, 2597 retreatments, and 48 cases of MDR tuberculosis, resulting in a final cohort of 15 501 patients with tuberculosis. Over a period of 5 years from tuberculosis diagnosis, 2660 (17%) of 15 501 patients died. Compared with the source population, matched by age, sex, and calendar year, the standardised mortality ratio was 6·47 (95% CI 6·22–6·73) over 5 years and 3·93 (3·71–4·17) among those who survived the first year. 1197 (45%) of 2660 deaths were due to infection. Homelessness and alcohol and drug use were associated with death from infection (adjusted cause-specific HR 1·60, 95% CI 1·39–1·85), cardiovascular (1·43, 1·06–1·95), and external or ill-defined causes of death (1·80, 1·37–2·36). Diabetes was associated with deaths from cardiovascular causes (1·70, 1·23–2·35).InterpretationPatients newly diagnosed with tuberculosis were at a higher risk of death than were the source population, even after tuberculosis treatment. Post-tuberculosis sequelae and vulnerability are associated with excess mortality and must be addressed to mitigate the tuberculosis burden worldwide.FundingWellcome Trust.
Bortezomib, Rituximab, and Dexamethason (BORID) as Salvage Treatment in Relapsed/Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Sustained Disease Control in Patients Achieving a Complete Remission.
Authors: Johannes Drach, Hannes Kaufmann, Oskar Pichelmayer, Verena Sagaster, Sonja Holzer, Viktoria Odelga, Christoph Zielinski, Markus Raderer
Journal: Blood (2007)
Photodynamic Therapy for Esophageal Diseases: A Clinical Update
Authors: R. Prosst, H. Wolfsen, J. Gahlen
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a ”drug and device” therapy that combines the use of a photosensitizing agent and a photosensitizer (a drug that selectively accumulates and is preferentially retained in dysplastic or neoplastic cells). When activated by light of a specific wavelength in the presence of oxygen, the photoactive compound produces rapid cell death in the target tissue. While studied in nearly every area of medicine, PDT has been applied most extensively in the treatment of Barrett’s mucosa, dysplasia, and early and advanced cancer of the esophagus. This article represents an extensive survey of literature to review the experience gained with PDT and to assess its clinical value in the management of esophageal diseases.
Ultra<b>-</b>small Pyropheophorbide<b>-</b>a Nanodots for Near<b>-</b>infrared Fluorescence/Photoacoustic Imaging-guided Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Kittipan Siwawannapong, Rui Zhang, Huali Lei, Qiutong Jin, Wantao Tang, Ziliang Dong, Rung-Yi Lai, Zhuang Liu, Anyanee Kamkaew, Liang Cheng
Journal: Theranostics (2019)

Rationale: Nanoparticles (NPs) that are rapidly eliminated from the body offer great potential in clinical test.Renal excretion of small particles is preferable over other clearance pathways to minimize potential toxicity.Thus, there is a significant demand to prepare ultra-small theranostic agents with renal clearance behaviors.Method: In this work, we report a facile method to prepare NPs with ultra-small size that show renal clearable behavior for imaging-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT).Pyropheophorbide-a (Pa), a deep red photosensitizer was functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to obtain Pa-PEG.The prepared NPs formed ultra-small nanodots in aqueous solution and showed red-shifted absorbance that enabling efficient singlet oxygen generation upon light irradiation.Results: In vitro studies revealed good photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect of these Pa-PEG nanodots.Most of the cancer cells incubated with Pa-PEG nanodots were destroyed after being exposed to the irradiated light.Utilizing the optical properties of such Pa-PEG nanodots, in vivo photoacoustic (PA) and fluorescence (FL) imaging techniques were used to assess the optimal time for PDT treatment after intravenous (i.v.) injection of the nanodots.As monitored by the PA/FL dual-modal imaging, the nanodots could accumulate at the tumor site and reach the maximum concentration at 8 h post injection.Finally, the tumors on mice treated with Pa-PEG nanodots were effectively inhibited by PDT treatment.Moreover, Pa-PEG nanodots showed high PA/FL signals in kidneys implying these ultra-small nanodots could be excreted out of the body via renal clearance. Conclusion:We demonstrated the excellent properties of Pa-PEG nanodots that can be an in vivo imaging-guided PDT agent with renal clearable behavior for potential future clinical translation.
Advances in Engineering Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Xiao Xu, Teng Li, Shiyang Shen, Jinqiang Wang, Peter Abdou, Zhen Gu, Ran Mo
Journal: Theranostics (2019)

Cancer immunotherapy aims to utilize the host immune system to kill cancer cells. Recent representative immunotherapies include T-cell transfer therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, antibody-based immunomodulator therapies, such as immune checkpoint blockade therapy, and cytokine therapies. Recently developed therapies leveraging engineered cells for immunotherapy against cancers have been reported to enhance antitumor efficacy while reducing side effects. Such therapies range from biologically, chemically and physically -engineered cells to bioinspired and biomimetic nanomedicines. In this review, advances of engineering cells for cancer immunotherapy are summarized, and prospects of this field are discussed.