tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coexistence of nasal reactivity to allergens with and without IgE sensitization in patients with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Ibon Eguiluz‐Gracia, Ruben Fernandez‐Santamaria, Almudena Testera‐Montes, Adriana Ariza, Paloma Campo, Ana Prieto, Natalia Perez‐Sanchez, Maria Salas, Cristobalina Mayorga, Maria Jose Torres, Carmen Rondon
Journal: Allergy (2020)

Allergic rhinitis (AR) and local allergic rhinitis (LAR) are defined by nasal reactivity to aeroallergens with and without positive skin prick test (SPT), respectively. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether both types of allergen-specific reactivity can coexist in the same individual.Forty-eight patients with perennial rhinitis symptoms and positive SPT with seasonal allergens only (discrepant group) were subjected to consecutive nasal allergen challenges (NAC) with seasonal (NAC-S) and perennial allergens (NAC-P). A nasal lavage was collected before and after the NACs to measure eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). A basophil activation test (BAT) with seasonal and/or perennial allergens was performed in ten patients from the discrepant group and in six seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR), eight perennial local allergic rhinitis (LAR), six nonallergic rhinitis (NAR), and six healthy control (HC) individuals.All patients in the discrepant group tested positive in the NAC-S, and 41 of them (85.4%), also in the NAC-P (group A). Conversely, seven patients tested negative in the NAC-P (group B). ECP in the nasal lavage increased after the NAC-P in the group A (P = .004), but not in the group B. The BAT with seasonal allergens was positive in 100% of SAR and group A cases, whereas the BAT with perennial allergens was positive in 37.5% and 60% of LAR and group A cases, respectively. All NAR and HC subjects tested negative for the BAT.This study shows that nasal reactivity to aeroallergens with and without positive SPT can coexist in the same patient. We propose the term dual allergic rhinitis for this rhinitis phenotype.
Development and Initial Validation of a Multidimensional Acne Global Grading System Integrating Primary Lesions and Secondary Changes
Authors: Elena Bernardis, Haochang Shou, John S. Barbieri, Patrick J. McMahon, Marissa J. Perman, Leigh Ann Rola, Jenna L. Streicher, James R. Treat, Leslie Castelo-Soccio, Albert C. Yan
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2020)

The qualitative grading of acne is important for routine clinical care and clinical trials, and although many useful systems exist, no single acne global grading system has had universal acceptance. In addition, many current instruments focus primarily on evaluating primary lesions (eg, comedones, papules, and nodules) or exclusively on signs of secondary change (eg, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, scarring).To develop and validate an acne global grading system that provides a comprehensive evaluation of primary lesions and secondary changes due to acne.This diagnostic study created a multidimensional acne severity feature space by analyzing decision patterns of pediatric dermatologists evaluating acne. Modeling acne severity patterns based on visual image features was then performed to reduce dimensionality of the feature space to a novel 2-dimensional grading system, in which severity levels are functions of multidimensional acne cues. The system was validated by 6 clinicians on a new set of images. All images used in this study were taken from a retrospective, longitudinal data set of 150 patients diagnosed with acne, ranging across the entire pediatric population (aged 0-21 years), excluding images with any disagreement on their diagnosis, and selected to adequately span the range of acne types encountered in the clinic. Data were collected from July 1, 2001, through June 30, 2013, and analyzed from March 1, 2015, through December 31, 2016.Prediction performance was evaluated as the mean square error (MSE) with the clinicians' scores.The scale was constructed using acne visual features and treatment decisions of 6 pediatric dermatologists evaluating 145 images of patients with acne ranging in age from 0 to 21 years. Using the proposed scale to predict the severity scores on a new set of 40 images achieved an overall MSE of 0.821, which is smaller than the mean within-clinician differences (MSE of 0.998).By integrating primary lesions and secondary changes, this novel acne global grading scale provides a more clinically relevant evaluation of acne that may be used for routine clinical care and clinical trials. Because the severity scores are based on actual clinical practice, this scoring system is also highly correlated with appropriate treatment choices.
Transmission of 2019-nCoV Infection from an Asymptomatic Contact in Germany
Authors: Camilla Rothe, Mirjam Schunk, Peter Sothmann, Gisela Bretzel, Guenter Froeschl, Claudia Wallrauch, Thorbjörn Zimmer, Verena Thiel, Christian Janke, Wolfgang Guggemos, Michael Seilmaier, Christian Drosten, Patrick Vollmar, Katrin Zwirglmaier, Sabine Zange, Roman Wölfel, Michael Hoelscher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

2019-nCoV Transmission from Asymptomatic Patient In this report, investigators in Germany detected the spread of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) from a person who had recently traveled from China...
Cardioprotective effect of sonic hedgehog ligand in pig models of ischemia reperfusion
Authors: Bijan Ghaleh, Jérôme Thireau, Olivier Cazorla, Raffaella Soleti, Valérie Scheuermann, Alain Bizé, Lucien Sambin, François Roubille, Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina, Maria Carmen Martinez, Alain Lacampagne
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Reply to Jacobs et al.
Authors: Xin-Yang Liu, Quan-Lin Li, Ping-Hong Zhou
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

See also: Peroral endoscopic myotomy regains anatomical structure and improves emptying for achalasia with multiple esophageal diverticulaEndoscopy 2019; 51(12): E392-E393DOI: 10.1055/a-0969-1757 See also: Two birds, one scope: peroral endoscopic myotomy as a treatment for achalasia and esophageal diverticulaEndoscopy 2020; 52(02): 153-153DOI: 10.1055/a-1024-4062
Sherlock-Lung: Tracing lung cancer mutational processes in never smokers
Authors: Landi, T Zhang, M Garcia-Closas, Y Bosse, J Shi, B Zhu, Q Lan, N Rothman, J Choi, N E Caporaso, W Zhao, C Chen, E Ruppin, J Rosenbaum, D Gordenin, S Y uri, C Amos, P Brennan, D C Christiani, G Liu, B G Rothberg, M Schabath, H Liang, L Alexandrov, D Wedge, S Chanock
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)
66P Excision of Extra Margins in Breast-Conserving Surgery at the Time of Primary Operation – are there any Clinical or Pathological Factors Associated with Correct Decision-Making?
Authors: L.J. Cook, D. Debnath, T. Martin, I.C.F. Karat, R. Daoud, I.J. Laidlaw, W.A.J. Cook
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Serial Transient Elastography Examinations to Monitor Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hye Won Lee, Grace Lai‐Hung Wong, Raymond Kwok, Kai Chow Choi, Carmen Ka‐Man Chan, Sally She‐Ting Shu, Julie Ka‐Yu Leung, Angel Mei‐Ling Chim, Andrea On‐Yan Luk, Ronald Ching‐Wan Ma, Henry Lik‐Yuen Chan, Juliana Chung‐Ngor Chan, Alice Pik‐Shan Kong, Vincent Wai‐Sun Wong
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

Background and Aims Type 2 diabetes is an important risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and advanced fibrosis. Current international guidelines recommend the use of noninvasive tests as initial assessments for NAFLD, but the role of noninvasive tests as monitoring tools has not been established. We aimed to study the role of transient elastography as a monitoring tool in patients with type 2 diabetes. Approach and Results We recruited patients with type 2 diabetes without viral hepatitis or excessive alcohol intake from a complication screening facility in Hong Kong in 2013‐2014 and repeated the assessments in 2016‐2018. The primary endpoint was an increase of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) to ≥10 kPa. The secondary endpoint was the change in the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). A total of 611 patients with type 2 diabetes and a valid LSM (mean age, 57.7 ± 10.9 years; 342 men [56.0%]) were included in this study (568 also had a valid CAP). Overall, there was moderate correlation between the baseline and follow‐up LSM ( r = 0.689, P &lt; 0.001). Among 487 patients with a baseline LSM &lt;10 kPa, 21 (4.3%) had a follow‐up LSM ≥10 kPa. Baseline body mass index, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and ∆ALT were independent factors associated with LSM increase. Among 124 patients with a baseline LSM ≥10 kPa, 70 (56.5%) had a follow‐up LSM &lt;10 kPa. Among 198 patients with a CAP &lt;248 dB/m at baseline, 103 (52.0%) had a CAP increased to ≥248 dB/m. Conclusions The prevalence and incidence of NAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes are high. Although advanced fibrosis is common in this population, few patients progress to advanced fibrosis in 3 years. Future studies should define the optimal surveillance interval in patients with diabetes.
IL-17–producing γδ T cells protect against Clostridium difficile infection
Authors: Yee-Shiuan Chen, Iuan-Bor Chen, Giang Pham, Tzu-Yu Shao, Hansraj Bangar, Sing Sing Way, David B. Haslam
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

Colitis caused by Clostridium difficile infection is a growing cause of human morbidity and mortality, especially after antibiotic use in health care settings. The natural immunity of newborn infants and protective host immune mediators against C. difficile infection are not fully understood, with data suggesting that inflammation can be either protective or pathogenic. Here, we show an essential role for IL-17A produced by γδ T cells in host defense against C. difficile infection. Fecal extracts from children with C. difficile infection showed increased IL-17A and T cell receptor γ chain expression, and IL-17 production by intestinal γδ T cells was efficiently induced after infection in mice. C. difficile-induced tissue inflammation and mortality were markedly increased in mice deficient in IL-17A or γδ T cells. Neonatal mice, with naturally expanded RORγt+ γδ T cells poised for IL-17 production were resistant to C. difficile infection, whereas elimination of γδ T cells or IL-17A each efficiently overturned neonatal resistance against infection. These results reveal an expanded role for IL-17-producing γδ T cells in neonatal host defense against infection and provide a mechanistic explanation for the clinically observed resistance of infants to C. difficile colitis.
Phase I Trial of Combination Chemotherapy of Pemetrexed Plus Cisplatin and Concurrent Thoracic Radiotherapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Non-Squamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Post-Hoc Analysis for Survival and Recurrent Sites
Authors: S. Niho, H. Nokihara, K. Nihei, T. Akimoto, M. Sumi, Y. Ito, I. Sekine, K. Kubota, Y. Ohe, T. Tamura
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Identification of a Primary Renal AT <sub>2</sub> Receptor Defect in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Brandon A. Kemp, Nancy L. Howell, John J. Gildea, Susanna R. Keller, Robert M. Carey
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)

Rationale: Previous studies identified a defect in Ang III (angiotensin III [des-aspartyl 1 -angiotensin II])–elicited AT 2 R (Ang type-2 receptor)-mediated natriuresis in renal proximal tubule cells of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Objective: This study aimed to delineate in prehypertensive SHR kidneys the receptor or postreceptor defect causing impaired AT 2 R signaling and renal sodium (Na + ) retention by utilizing the selective AT 2 R agonist compound-21 (C-21). Methods and Results: Female 4-week-old Wistar Kyoto and SHR rats were studied after 24-hour systemic AT 1 R (Ang II type-1 receptor) blockade. Left kidneys received 30-minute renal interstitial infusions of vehicle followed by C-21 (20, 40, and 60 ng/[kg·min], each dose 30 minutes). Right kidneys received vehicle infusions. In Wistar Kyoto, C-21 dose-dependently increased urine Na + excretion from 0.023±0.01 to 0.064±0.02, 0.087±0.01, and 0.089±0.01 µmol/min ( P =0.008, P &lt;0.0001, and P &lt;0.0001, respectively) and renal interstitial fluid levels of AT 2 R downstream signaling molecule cGMP (cyclic guanosine 3',5' monophosphate) from 0.91±0.3 to 3.1±1.0, 5.9±1.2 and 5.3±0.5 fmol/mL ( P =nonsignificant, P &lt;0.0001, and P &lt;0.0001, respectively). In contrast, C-21 did not increase urine Na + excretion or renal interstitial cGMP in SHR. Mean arterial pressure was slightly higher in SHR but within the normotensive range and unaffected by C-21. In Wistar Kyoto, but not SHR, C-21 induced AT 2 R translocation to apical plasma membranes of renal proximal tubule cells, internalization/inactivation of NHE-3 (sodium-hydrogen exchanger-3) and Na + /K + ATPase (sodium-potassium-atpase) and phosphorylation of AT 2 R-cGMP downstream signaling molecules Src (Src family kinase), ERK (extracellular signal-related kinase), and VASP (vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein). To test whether cGMP could bypass the natriuretic defect in SHR, we infused 8-bromo-cGMP. This restored natriuresis, Na + transporter internalization/inactivation, and Src and VASP phosphorylation, but not apical plasma membrane AT 2 R recruitment. In contrast, 8-bromo-cAMP administration had no effect on natriuresis or AT 2 R recruitment in SHR. Conclusions: The results demonstrate a primary renal proximal tubule cell AT 2 R natriuretic defect in SHR that may contribute to the development of hypertension. Since the defect is abrogated by exogenous intrarenal cGMP, the renal cGMP pathway may represent a viable target for the treatment of hypertension. Visual Overview: An online visual overview is available for this article.
Abstract 16100: Excessive Exercise is Associated With Global Cardiac Fibrosis
Authors: Franziska Fochler, David Peritz, Eugene Kholmovski, Gagandeep Kaur, Ibolya Csecs, Nassir Marrouche
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Objective: In this study we thought to investigate the incidence of left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) fibrosis associated with long term excessive exercise compared to patients with atrial...
ターミナルQRS-notchingおよびQRS-slurringにおける心電図の相違:J波の起源に対する見方
Authors: Miyazaki Hiroko, Nakagawa Mikiko, Fukui Akira, Ezaki Kaori, Teshima Yasushi, Yufu Kunio, Takahashi Naohiko, Saikawa Tetsunori
Journal: Circulation (2012)
Letter to the editor: HIV in women in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region
Authors: Karoline Aebi-Popp, Fiona Mulcahy, Yvonne Gilleece
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

Preview this article: Letter to the editor: HIV in women in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/25/4/eurosurv-25-4-5-1.gif
Case 4-2020: A 52-Year-Old Woman with Seizure Disorder and Wide-Complex Tachycardia
Authors: Daniel B. Kramer, Nino Mihatov, Karen A. Buch, Sahar F. Zafar, Jeremy N. Ruskin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

A 52-year-old woman with refractory status epilepticus was admitted to the hospital. Despite treatment with a five-drug regimen, electroencephalography showed ongoing seizure activity. Fever, hypotension, a new wide-complex tachycardia, and diffuse global ventricular hypokinesis developed. A diagnosis was made.
Asymptomatic Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Nir Flint, Matthias Raschpichler, Florian Rader, Hezzy Shmueli, Robert J. Siegel
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Most patients with severe degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR) are likely to require surgery, but years can pass until there is a clear indication for it. The timing of mitral valve surgery for asymptomatic patients with severe DMR is controversial, and current guidelines are limited because they are based on nonrandomized studies and expert opinion. <h3>Observations</h3> In this narrative review, a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction and an increase in left ventricular end-systolic diameter are adverse signs in the context of mitral regurgitation. Consequently, serial echocardiography is essential. However, measurements may be imprecise, and the evidence regarding the association with outcome in asymptomatic patients is inconsistent. Mitral valve repair is the preferred surgical approach; however, repair rate, durability, and outcomes vary between centers, rendering decision-making in an asymptomatic patient with DMR even more challenging. The use of natriuretic peptides, stress testing, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and myocardial strain imaging can aid in risk stratification and optimization of the timing of mitral valve surgery in an asymptomatic patient. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Management of asymptomatic patients with DMR requires a comprehensive approach that goes beyond the guidelines. Close follow-up and the use of multiple modalities are recommended. Knowledge of surgical options, experience, and outcomes is important when an intervention is considered.
Outcomes of Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Patients With Residual Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Zindel V. Segal, Sona Dimidjian, Arne Beck, Jennifer M. Boggs, Rachel Vanderkruik, Christina A. Metcalf, Robert Gallop, Jennifer N. Felder, Joseph Levy
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2020)

Patients with residual depressive symptoms face a gap in care because few resources, to date, are available to manage the lingering effects of their illness.
Assessment of 3-Dimensional vs 2-Dimensional Imaging and Technical Performance Using a Multiport Intraoperative Data Capture and Analytic System for Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery
Authors: Mauricio E. Gabrielli, Tomas J. Saun, James J. Jung, Teodor P. Grantcharov
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Errors and adverse events occur frequently in health care. Three-dimensional (3-D) laparoscopic systems claim to provide more realistic depth perception and better spatial orientation compared with their 2-D counterparts. <h3>Objective</h3> To compare the association of 3-D vs 2-D systems with technical performance during laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) procedures using a multiport intraoperative data capture system. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cohort study was performed between May and December 2018, with a total of 50 LRYGB procedures performed in an academic tertiary care center; recordings of the operations were evaluated with a 30-day follow-up. All procedures were performed by the same surgical team. <h3>Exposure</h3> Surgical teams used 2-D or 3-D laparoscopic systems. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Technical performance was evaluated using the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill and surgical errors and events using the Generic Error Rating Tool. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 50 patients who underwent LRYGB procedures, 42 (86%) were women, with a median (interquartile range) age of 42 (35-47) years and a median (interquartile range) body mass index of 46 (42-48), with no significant demographic differences between the groups whose operations were performed using the 2-D and 3-D systems. The mean (SD) number of errors per case was significantly lower in procedures using the 3-D laparoscopic system than in those using the 2-D system (17 [6] vs 33 [2];<i>P</i> &lt; .001). The mean (SD) number of error-related events was significantly lower in procedures using the 3-D system than in those using the 2-D system (6 [2] vs 11 [4];<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Mean (SD) Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill scores were significantly higher when the 3-D system was used than when the 2-D system was used (28 [4] vs 22 [3];<i>P</i> &lt; .001). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this limited sample of LRYGB procedures, the use of a 3-D laparoscopic system was associated with a statistically significant reduction in errors and events as well as higher Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill scores compared with 2-D systems.
Beyond cycle lanes and large-scale infrastructure: a scoping review of initiatives that groups and organisations can implement to promote cycling for the Cycle Nation Project
Authors: Paul Kelly, Chloë Williamson, Graham Baker, Adrian Davis, Sarah Broadfield, Allison Coles, Hayley Connell, Greig Logan, Jill P Pell, Cindy M Gray, Jason MR Gill
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

Background/objectives Cycling has well-established positive relationships with health. Evidence suggests that large-scale infrastructure and built-environment initiatives to promote cycling are likely to be necessary but not sufficient to maximise cycling participation. Smaller-scale initiatives that can be implemented by organisations (eg, employers) and groups (eg, community groups) are therefore also important, but the full range of feasible activities to promote cycling is not known. We aimed to scope the literature and map organisational, social and individual level activities to increase cycling. Methods Design: Scoping review following an established five-stage process. Eligibility criteria: Studies or publicly available reports describing cycling promotion initiatives deemed feasible for organisations or groups to implement. Sources of evidence and selection: (i) online databases (Ovid (Medline), Ovid (Embase), SportDISCUS (Ebscohost), ProQuest, Web of Science), (ii) existing systematic reviews, (iii) expert stakeholder consultation. Results We extracted data from 129 studies and reports, from 20 different countries, identifying 145 cycling promotion initiatives. From these initiatives we identified 484 actions within 93 action types within 33 action categories under the nine intervention functions described by Michie et al . Environmental restructuring (micro-level), enablement, education and persuasion were the functions with the most action types, while coercion, modelling and restriction had the fewest action types. Conclusion This is the first comprehensive map to summarise the broad range of action types feasible for implementation within organisation/group-based cycling promotion initiatives. The map will be a critical tool for communities, employers, practitioners and researchers in designing interventions to increase cycling.