tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Autoantibody Signature in Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Ange Maguy, Jean-Claude Tardif, David Busseuil, Camillo Ribi, Jin Li
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Cardiac arrest is a tragic event that causes 1 death roughly every 90 seconds worldwide. Survivors generally undergo a workup to identify the cause of arrest. However, 5% to 10% of cardiac arrests remain unexplained. Because cardiac arrhythmias underlie most cardiac arrests and increasing evidence strongly supports the involvement of autoantibodies in arrhythmogenesis, a large-panel autoantibody screening was performed in patients with cardiac arrest.This is an observational, cross-sectional study of patients from the Montreal Heart Institute hospital cohort, a single-center registry of participants. A peptide microarray was designed to screen for immunoglobulin G targeting epitopes from all known cardiac ion channels with extracellular domains. Plasma samples from 23 patients with unexplained cardiac arrest were compared with those from 22 patients with cardiac arrest cases of ischemic origin and a group of 29 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched healthy subjects. The false discovery rate, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression, and random forest methods were carried out jointly to find significant differential immunoglobulin G responses.The autoantibody against the pore domain of the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel was consistently identified as a biomarker of idiopathic cardiac arrest (P=0.002; false discovery rate, 0.007; classification accuracies ≥0.83). Functional studies on human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes demonstrated that the anti-L-type voltage-gated calcium channel immunoglobulin G purified from patients with idiopathic cardiac arrest is proarrhythmogenic by reducing the action potential duration through calcium channel inhibition.The present report addresses the concept of autoimmunity and cardiac arrest. Hitherto unknown autoantibodies targeting extracellular sequences of cardiac ion channels were detected. Moreover, the study identified an autoantibody signature specific to patients with cardiac arrest.
Developmental and Tumor Angiogenesis Requires the Mitochondria-Shaping Protein Opa1
Authors: Stéphanie Herkenne, Olivier Ek, Margherita Zamberlan, Anna Pellattiero, Maya Chergova, Iñigo Chivite, Eliška Novotná, Giovanni Rigoni, Tiago Branco Fonseca, Dijana Samardzic, Andrielly Agnellini, Camilla Bean, Giulietta Di Benedetto, Natascia Tiso, Francesco Argenton, Antonella Viola, Maria Eugenia Soriano, Marta Giacomello, Elena Ziviani, Gabriele Sales, Marc Claret, Mariona Graupera, Luca Scorrano
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2020)
Treatment of hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma: a review by analysis of the literature*
Authors: C. Bodemer, P. Steijlen, J. Mazereeuw‐Hautier, E.A. O'Toole
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

No specific or curative therapy exists for hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma (hPPK), which can profoundly alter patient quality of life, leading sometimes to severe functional impairment and pain. The rarity and the aetiological diversity of this group of disorders can explain the difficulty in comparing the efficacy of available treatments.To review the different treatments tried in patients with hPPK since 2008, their efficacy and safety, with an evaluation of the various therapeutic modalities that can be used to treat hPPK.We undertook a comprehensive review of the literature data published since 2008.Only a few case series and individual case reports were identified. Topical (emollients, keratolytics, retinoids, steroids) and systemic treatments (mostly different retinoids), often combined, are used to relieve symptoms. Oral retinoids appear to be the most efficient treatment, but not in all PPK forms, and with variable tolerance. New targeted treatments, according to the specific mechanisms of hPPK, appear promising for the future.More studies using robust methodology and involving larger cohorts of well-characterized patients (phenotype-genotype) are necessary and should be prioritized by structured networks, such as the European Network for Rare Skin Diseases (ERN-Skin), with the aim of better management of patients with rare skin diseases.
A European roadmap out of the covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Martin McKee
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Europe has been hit especially hard by the covid-19 pandemic, with Italy, Spain, and France occupying the top three positions in the global league table of deaths. 1 All EU countries have imposed measures to contain the spread of the virus, although these vary considerably.Now, as some countries see death rates falling, they are looking at how to get back to something resembling normality, and the European Commission has published a roadmap to guide them. 2 Reassuringly, the roadmap places epidemiology in the driving seat. Key elementsThe roadmap has three key elements.First, no country should consider lifting restrictions until it is certain that the disease is under control.This will pose a challenge for some, as it presupposes that national authorities have accurate and timely information on cases and deaths.As the United Kingdom's experience shows, this can be difficult.The importance of this information cannot be overstated.Measures taken must be judged against their ability to keep the reproduction number, or R 0 , below 1.In other words, each infected person should not infect more than one other.Second, countries should ensure that they have sufficient health system capacity, especially to provide intensive care, given the risk of a second wave of infections.Fortunately, there have been many examples of countries with spare capacity, such as Germany, offering care to patients from other countries that have been hit especially hard. 3 Third, there must be sufficient capacity for large scale testing and monitoring, linked to the ability to track and trace contacts of those infected.This too will be challenging for some and will necessitate bringing additional laboratories on board.
Author Correction: A Engineered immunogen binding to alum adjuvant enhances humoral immunity
Authors: Tyson J. Moyer, Yu Kato, Wuhbet Abraham, Jason Y. H. Chang, Daniel W. Kulp, Nicki Watson, Hannah L. Turner, Sergey Menis, Robert K. Abbott, Jinal N. Bhiman, Mariane B. Melo, Hayley A. Simon, Sara Herrera-De la Mata, Shu Liang, Gregory Seumois, Yash Agarwal, Na Li, Dennis R. Burton, Andrew B. Ward, William R. Schief, Shane Crotty, Darrell J. Irvine
Journal: Nature Medicine (2020)
The HIV-Protease Inhibitor Ritonavir(Norvir®) Is Active Against Human AML Blasts In Vitro and In Vivo and Has Synergistic Cytotoxic Activity with the Proteaseome Inhibitor Bortezomib (Velcade®).
Authors: Christoph Driessen, Müller-Ide Hendrik, Gogel Jeanette, Kraus Marianne, Kanz Lothar, Rückrich Thomas
Journal: Blood (2005)
Use of the Propensity Score Matching Method to Reduce Recruitment Bias in Observational Studies: Application to the Estimation of Survival Benefit of Non-Myeloablative Allogeneic Transplantation In Patients with Multiple Myeloma Relapsing after a First Autologous Transplantation.
Authors: Lionel Karlin, Bertrand Arnulf, Sylvie Chevret, Marie Robin, Regis Peffault de Latour, Marion Malphettes, Nabil Kabbara, Bouchra Asli, Lionel Adès, Vanderson Rocha, Jean-Paul Fermand, Gerard Socié
Journal: Blood (2008)
Unexpected Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia While Bridging
Authors: Chika Edward Uzoigwe, Luis Carlos Sanchez Franco, Omer Ali
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Household smoke-exposure risk from cooking fuels and cooking locations in Tanzania: a cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative survey data
Authors: Mazbahul Ahamad, Fahian Tanin
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2020)

BackgroundIn Tanzania, smoke exposure from cooking fuels and cooking locations can increase the level of household air pollution and have adverse health effects. We aimed to assess the sociodemographic and economic factors associated with the indoor and outdoor smoke-exposure risks resulting from the use of clean and unclean cooking fuels in Tanzania.MethodsWe analysed data from 12 399 households, obtained from the 2015–16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey. An ordered logistic regression model was used to assess the sociodemographic and economic characteristics associated with four levels of household smoke-exposure risk (very low, low, medium, and high) from indoor (more risky) and outdoor (less risky) cooking practices and using unclean (smoke-producing) and clean (non-smoke-producing) cooking fuels.FindingsIn our study, 76·4% (95% CI 74·56–78·12) of households that practised indoor cooking using smoke-producing fuels were at high smoke-exposure risk. Female-headed households were 1·2 times (1·07–1·38) more likely to be in the very low smoke-exposure risk category than were male-headed households. Households with higher educational attainment (OR 2·5 [1·77–3·40]) were more likely to demonstrate a very low smoke-exposure risk relative to those without any educational attainment. The odds of being a household with very low smoke-exposure risk were 0·7 times (0·57–0·84) lower among households with 2–5 members, 0·6 times (0·46–0·71) lower among households with 6–10 members, and 0·5 times (0·38–0·76) lower among households with 11–49 members when compared with single-member households. Both the richer (OR 1·3 [1·00–1·79]) and richest (2·5 [1·77–3·40]) households were more likely to be in very low smoke-exposure risk category relative to the poorest households.InterpretationHousehold sociodemographic and economic characteristics can explain the different levels of household smoke-exposure risk associated with indoor and outdoor cooking using clean and unclean cooking fuels. The significant prevalence of high smoke-exposure risk in Tanzania supports the pursuit of the simultaneous adoption of improved cooking stoves and clean fuels to minimise the adverse effects attributed to household smoke exposure.FundingNone.
Exosome-mediated protection of auditory hair cells from ototoxic insults
Authors: Ulrich Müller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

Hearing loss caused by the death of sensory hair cells of the inner ear is an unfortunate side effect for many patients treated with aminoglycoside antibiotics or platinum-containing chemotherapy agents. In animal models, induction of heat shock confers substantial otoprotection against aminoglycoside- and cisplatin-induced hair cell death. In this issue of the JCI, Breglio et al. demonstrate that inner ear tissue released exosomes carrying heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in response to heat stress. HSP70 acted by a paracrine mechanism that engaged the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on hair cells to protect them from death. Exosomes and the HSP70/TLR4 pathway could thus provide treatment targets for the protection of hair cells from chemically induced death or from other insults, such as noise.
Ramping up Diagnostics in Resource-Poor Countries
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 14454: Improvement in Maximal Exercise Capacity is Inversely Related to Incident Ischemic Stroke: Data From the Henry Ford Exercise Testing (FIT) Project
Authors: Jonathan K Ehrman, Steven J Keteyian, Waqas Qureshi, Sherif Sakr, Michelle C Johansen, Michael J Blaha, Mouaz H Al-Mallah, Clinton A Brawner
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Maximal exercise capacity (EC), measured in metabolic equivalents of task (METs) during an exercise test, is independently and inversely related to incident stroke. There is little da...
Taking care of older patients with cancer in the context of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Loïc Mourey, Claire Falandry, Laure de Decker, Rabia Boulahssass, Elisabeth Carola, Leila Bengrine Lefevre, Tristan Cudennec, Etienne Brain, Eléna Paillaud, Pierre Soubeyran
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2020)
C reactive protein impairs adaptive immunity in immune cells of patients with melanoma
Authors: Tatsuya Yoshida, Junya Ichikawa, Iulia Giuroiu, Andressa S Laino, Yuhan Hao, Michelle Krogsgaard, Melinda Vassallo, David M Woods, F Stephen Hodi, Jeffrey Weber
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

High C reactive protein (CRP) levels have been reported to be associated with a poor clinical outcome in a number of malignancies and with programmed cell death protein 1 immune checkpoint blockade in patients with advanced cancer. Little is known about the direct effects of CRP on adaptive immunity in cancer. Therefore, we investigated how CRP impacted the function of T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) from patients with melanoma.
Air pollution and the development of asthma from birth until young adulthood
Authors: Ulrike Gehring, Alet H. Wijga, Gerard H. Koppelman, Judith M. Vonk, Henriette A. Smit, Bert Brunekreef
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Air pollution is associated with asthma development in children and adults, but the impact on asthma development during the transition from adolescence to adulthood is unclear. Adult studies lack historical exposures and consequently cannot assess the relevance of exposure during different periods of life. We assessed the relevance of early-life and more recent air pollution exposure for asthma development from birth until early adulthood.We used data of 3687 participants of the prospective Dutch PIAMA (Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy) birth cohort and linked asthma incidence until age 20 years to estimated concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with a diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), <10 μm (PM10), and 2.5-10 μm, and PM2.5 absorbance ("soot") at the residential address. We assessed overall and age-specific associations with air pollution exposure with discrete time-hazard models, adjusting for potential confounders.Overall, we found higher incidence of asthma until the age of 20 years with higher exposure to all pollutants at the birth address (adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) ranging from 1.09 (1.01-1.18) for PM10 to 1.20 (1.10-1.32) for NO2) per interquartile range increase) that were rather persistent with age. Similar associations were observed with more recent exposure defined as exposure at the current home address. In two-pollutant models with particulate matter, associations with NO2 persisted.Exposure to air pollution, especially from motorised traffic, early in life may have long-term consequences for asthma development, as it is associated with an increased risk of developing asthma through childhood and adolescence into early adulthood.
Scalp verruca from barber clippers: An epidemiologic assessment of a common fomite
Authors: Jason R. Susong, Janelle Robertson, James C. Baldwin, Kelly Riegleman, Andrew Daugherty, Hideaki L. Tanaka, Sarah Jelliffe, Sarah Kurszewski, Caleb Sevcik, Taylor Pavone
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Getting neural about airway gland secretion
Authors: Gimano D. Amatngalim, Carla M.P. Ribeiro
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Alterations in host defence functions of the airway epithelium play a central role in chronic airway diseases [1] by contributing to airway mucus obstruction, microbial dysbiosis and chronic airway inflammation. The contribution of altered epithelial functions to the pathogenesis of airway diseases is well illustrated in cystic fibrosis (CF), a monogenetic disease caused by inherited mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene [2]. Imbalances in neuropeptide-mediated regulation of airway gland serous cells may contribute to chronic airway diseases <http://bit.ly/2IGmcvU>
Association of Formulary Prior Authorization Policies With Buprenorphine-Naloxone Prescriptions and Hospital and Emergency Department Use Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Tami L. Mark, William J. Parish, Gary A. Zarkin
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Prior authorization requirements may be a barrier to accessing medications for opioid use disorder treatment and may, therefore, be associated with poor health care outcomes. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine the association of prior authorization with use of buprenorphine-naloxone and health care outcomes. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This comparative interrupted time series analysis examined enrollment and insurance claims data from Medicare beneficiaries with an opioid use disorder diagnosis or who filled a prescription for an opioid use disorder medication between 2012 and 2017. Over this period, 775 874 members were in 1479 Part D plans that always required prior authorization, 113 286 members were in 206 plans that removed prior authorization, 189 461 members were in 489 plans that never required prior authorization, and 619 919 members were in 485 plans that added prior authorization. Data analysis was performed from April 2019 to February 2020. <h3>Exposures</h3> Removal or addition of prior authorization and new prescriptions filled for buprenorphine-naloxone. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Buprenorphine-naloxone use, inpatient admissions, emergency department visits, and prescription drug and medical expenditures. <h3>Results</h3> The study population in 2012 included 949 206 Medicare beneficiaries (mean [SD] age, 57 [15] years; 550 445 women [58%]). Removal of prior authorization was associated with an increase of 17.9 prescriptions (95% CI, 1.1 to 34.7 prescriptions) filled for buprenorphine-naloxone per plan per year, which is a doubling of the number of prescriptions, on average. Each prescription filled was associated with statistically significant decreases in adverse health care outcomes: substance use disorder–related inpatient admissions decreased by 0.1 admission per plan per year (95% CI, −0.2 to −0.1 admission per plan per year), and substance use disorder–related emergency department visits decreased by 0.1 visit per plan per year (95% CI, −0.13 to −0.03 visit per plan per year) (all<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Combining these results, removal of prior authorization was associated with a reduction in substance use disorder–related inpatient admissions by 2.0 admissions per plan per year (95% CI, −4.3 to −0.1 admissions per plan per year) and substance use disorder–related emergency department visits by 1.4 visits per plan per year (95% CI, −3.2 to −0.1 visits per plan per year). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Removing prior authorization for buprenorphine-naloxone was associated with an increase in the medication use and decreases in health care utilization and expenditures.
Studies on the Effect of Exercise on Cardiovascular Function
Authors: CARLETON B. CHAPMAN, ROBERT S. FRASER
Journal: Circulation (1954)

For technical reasons, the measurement of cardiac output during brisk walking is difficult. By using a slight modification of the Hamilton dye-dilution method, such measurements, and measurements of mean circulation time, were made at rest and at the end of a moderate work load in normal subjects. A motor-driven treadmill was used for the exercise. It was found that the cardiac output increases 1.7 to 1.9 times and the mean circulation time decreases about 34 per cent in normal young men and women after a 10 minute walk at 3 miles per hour and 5 per cent grade.
Long-Term Follow-Up Results of Lenalidomide, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone Induction Therapy and Risk-Adapted Maintenance Approach in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Nisha S. Joseph, Jonathan L. Kaufman, Madhav V. Dhodapkar, Craig C. Hofmeister, Dhwani K. Almaula, Leonard T. Heffner, Vikas A. Gupta, Lawrence H. Boise, Sagar Lonial, Ajay K. Nooka
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

PURPOSE The combination of lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (RVD) is a highly effective and convenient induction regimen for both transplantation-eligible and -ineligible patients with myeloma. Here, we present the largest cohort of patients consecutively treated with RVD induction therapy followed by risk-adapted maintenance therapy with the longest follow-up and important information on long-term outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS We describe 1,000 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed myeloma treated with RVD induction therapy from January 2007 until August 2016. Demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes data were obtained from our institutional review board–approved myeloma database. Responses and progression were evaluated per International Myeloma Working Group Uniform Response Criteria. RESULTS The overall response rate was 97.1% after induction therapy and 98.5% after transplantation, with 89.9% of patients achieving a very good partial response (VGPR) or better and 33.3% achieving stringent complete response after transplantation at a median follow-up time of 67 months. The estimated median progression-free survival time was 65 months (95% CI, 58.7 to 71.3 months) for the entire cohort, 40.3 months (95% CI, 33.5 to 47 months) for high-risk patients, and 76.5 months (95% CI, 66.9 to 86.2 months) for standard-risk patients. The median overall survival (OS) time for the entire cohort was 126.6 months (95% CI, 113.3 to 139.8 months). The median OS for high-risk patients was 78.2 months (95% CI, 62.2 to 94.2 months), whereas it has not been reached for standard-risk patients. Five-year OS rates for high-risk and standard-risk patients were 57% and 81%, respectively, and the 10-year OS rates were 29% and 58%, respectively. CONCLUSION RVD is an induction regimen that delivers high response rates (VGPR or better) in close to 90% of patients after transplantation, and risk-adapted maintenance can deliver unprecedented long-term outcomes. This study includes the largest cohort of patients treated with RVD reported to date with long follow-up and demonstrates the ability of 3-drug induction regimens in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma to result in a substantial survival benefit.