tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radioligand Therapy in Prostate Cancer Using PSMA Ligands
Authors: Robert Seifert, Kambiz Rahbar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) have limited therapeutic options. Following a theranostics strategy, targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) by diagnostic and therapeutic radioisotopes is an evolving field in the management of mCRPC. Initial results of PSMA ligands that are conjugated with therapeutic radioisotopes show good efficacy and modest side effects. In this chapter, we present a historical outline and current clinical procedure guidelines for PSMA-targeted therapy regimes.
P3.02c-093 A Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter, Phase III Study, Comparing rhTPO with rhIL-11 Treating CIT (NCT02344979)
Authors: Shun Lu, Xia Song, Fang Du, Li Liu, Yun Xu, Zhi Ma, Qiong Zhao, Yi Zhang, Hai Liu
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Risk factors for peritoneal recurrence in stage II/III gastric cancer patients who received S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy after D2 gastrectomy.
Authors: Toru Aoyama, Takaki Yoshikawa, Junya Shirai, Hirohito Fujikawa, Tsutomu Hayashi, Takashi Ogata, Haruhiko Cho, Norio Yukawa, Takashi Oshima, Yasushi Rino, Munetaka Masuda, Akira Tsuburaya
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

51 Background: Peritoneum is still the most frequent site of the recurrence in stage II/III gastric cancer patients although the survival was improved by S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy. The objective of this retrospective study was to clarify the risk factors of peritoneal recurrence in patients who received S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Peritoneal recurrence free survival (P-RFS) was examined in 100 gastric cancer patients who underwent curative D2 surgery, were diagnosed with stage II or III pathologically, and received adjuvant S-1 between June of 2002 and March of 2011. Uni- and multi- variate analyses were performed to identify risk factors by Cox’s proportional hazard analyses. Results: P-RFS was 64.3% at 3 years and 58.8% at 5 years. A total of 18 patients were diagnosed with peritoneal recurrence. Macroscopic tumor diameter, depth of tumor invasion, and lymph node metastasis were the significant factors by univariate analysis, while tumor diameter and lymph node metastasis were the only significant independent risk factors by multivariate analysis. Conclusions: The macroscopic tumor diameter and lymph node metastasis were the most important risk factors for P-RFS. When patients had these risk factors, S-1 was not sufficient to inhibit peritoneal recurrence. When developing a novel adjuvant chemotherapy targeting peritoneal metastasis in the future, clinical trials should be limited to these patients.
Interferon-Alpha With Or Without Rituximab Achieves a High Response Rate and Durable Responses In Relapsed FL: 17 years’ Experience In a Single Centre
Authors: Sinziana Radesi-Sarghi, Flavie Arbion, Caroline Dartigeas, Martine Delain, Lotfi Benboubker, Olivier Herault, Philippe Colombat, Emmanuel Gyan
Journal: Blood (2013)
Universal use of face masks for success against COVID-19: evidence and implications for prevention policies
Authors: Susanna Esposito, Nicola Principi, Chi Chi Leung, Giovanni Battista Migliori
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

A debate is taking place on the use of face masks (both cloth and surgical) as a prevention tool in the community vis à vis the recent World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. To shed light on this important topic, we reviewed relevant literature, focusing on the keywords "infection control", "prevention", "masks", "respirators", "viral infections" and "COVID-19", without time restrictions to identify a minimum set of references from an electronic database (PUBMED), existing guidelines, viral diseases, airborne diseases and grey literature. Cloth masks are a simple, economic and sustainable alternative to surgical masks as a means of source control of SARS-CoV-2 in the general community <https://bit.ly/2x2xTL4> The article is part of the activities of WAidid (World Association for Infectious Diseases and Immunological Disorders), the Global Tuberculosis Network (GTN) and the WHO Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Tradate (ITA-80, 2017-2020-GBM/RC/LDA).
Early radiation exposures and BRCA1-associated breast cancer in young women from Poland
Authors: J. A. Lubinski, J. Gronwald, A. Pijpe, T. Byrski, T. Huzarski, M. Stawicka, C. Cybulski, F. van Leeuwen, S. A. Narod
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

1525 Background: Ionizing radiation is an established risk factor for breast cancer in young women. There is concern that early radiation exposure might pose a risk to women who are genetically predisposed. Several of the genes that are involved in cancer susceptibility function in the DNA damage response pathway, including BRCA1, which is critical for the repair of damage of the type induced by ionizing radiation. Methods: To study whether or not there is an adverse effect of early chest x-rays on breast cancer risk in BRCA1 carriers, we compared the histories of chest x-ray exposures before age 30 in 138 BRCA1 carriers with breast cancer with 158 age- matched women with breast cancer, but without a BRCA1 mutation. All cases were drawn from a national breast cancer research registry. Results: Affected carriers reported more frequent chest x-ray use before age 20 than affected non-carriers (0.6 versus 0.3; p = 0.01). Affected carriers had, on average, 1.8 chest x-rays before age 30 compared to an average of 1.0 for affected non-carriers (p = 0.002). The odds ratio for ever having had a chest x-ray below age 30, given a BRCA1 mutation, was 1.8 (95% CI = 1.2 to 2.9; p = 0.01). Conclusions: These observations support the hypothesis that early radiation exposure may be a risk factor for breast cancer in BRCA1 carriers. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Association of Intravenous Lipid Emulsion and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Bacteremia in Neonatal Intensive Care Units
Authors: J Freeman, D A Goldmann, N E Smith, D G Sidebottom, M F Epstein, R Platt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Coagulase-negative staphylococci are now the chief cause of bacteremia in neonatal intensive care units. To investigate potential risk factors for this nosocomial infection, we conducted a case–control study among 882 infants treated in two neonatal intensive care units during 1982.
A review of studies looking at quality of life and psychological impact in people with photodermatoses – skin diseases triggered by sunlight
Authors: K.J. Rutter, I. Ashraf, L. Cordingley, L.E. Rhodes
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Photodermatoses, or photosensitivity conditions, are a group of skin disorders caused by exposure to sunlight, overall affecting a large number of people. They cause a range of distressing symptoms including pain and burn, and can make the skin blister, flake and scar. The conditions themselves and the need for patients to avoid and protect themselves from sunlight may affect quality of life and psychological health. This study, from the U.K., aimed to find out what methods of assessment (tools) have been used to evaluate quality of life and psychological health in photodermatoses, and report what the impact is for patients. The authors reviewed relevant published English‐language studies and summarised their findings. 20 studies were included: 19 assessing quality of life and three assessing psychological function. Six different tools had been used to assess quality of life, and four different tools to assess psychological health. It was shown that 31‐39% of patients with photodermatoses experienced a very large impact on their quality of life. There was a particular impact on issues related to employment, social/leisure activities and clothing choices. Patients had around double the rates of anxiety and depression found in the general population, although few studies focussed on psychological health. The authors also noted that most available tools were not designed to address the unique impact of intermittent sunlight‐induced skin conditions and suggested that development of more specific tools could be beneficial. In conclusion, this study confirmed that patients with photodermatoses experience substantial impact on their quality of life and that more research is needed. This is a summary of the study: Quality of life and psychological impact in the photodermatoses: a systematic review.
The Impact of Cardiovascular Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease on Life Expectancy and Direct Medical Cost in a 10-Year Diabetes Cohort Study
Authors: Eric Yuk Fai Wan, Weng Yee Chin, Esther Yee Tak Yu, Ian Chi Kei Wong, Esther Wai Yin Chan, Shirley Xue Li, Nico Kwan Lok Cheung, Yuan Wang, Cindy Lo Kuen Lam
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

OBJECTIVE The relative effects of various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and varying severity of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on mortality risk, direct medical cost, and life expectancy in patients with diabetes are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate these associations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study that included 208,792 adults with diabetes stratified into 12 disease status groups with varying combinations of heart disease, stroke, moderate CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] 30–59 mL/min/1.73 m2) and severe CKD (eGFR &amp;lt;30 mL/min/1.73 m2) in 2008–2010. The effect of risk of mortality, annual direct medical costs, and life expectancy were assessed using Cox regression, gamma generalized linear method with log-link function, and flexible parametric survival models. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 8.5 years (1.6 million patient-years), 50,154 deaths were recorded. Mortality risks for patients with only a single condition among heart disease, stroke, and moderate CKD were similar. The mortality risks were 1.75 times, 2.63 times, and 3.58 times greater for patients with one, two, and all three conditions (consisting of stroke, heart disease, and moderate CKD), compared with patients without these diseases, suggesting an independent and individually additive effect for any combination. A similar trend was observed in annual public health care costs with 2.91-, 3.90-, and 3.88-fold increased costs for patients with one, two, and three conditions, respectively. Increases in the number of conditions reduced life expectancy greatly, particularly in younger patients. Reduction in life expectancy for a 40-year-old with one, two, and three conditions was 20, 25, and 30 years for men and 25, 30, and 35 years, respectively, for women. A similar trend of greater magnitude was observed for severe CKD. CONCLUSIONS The effects of heart diseases, stroke, CKD, and the combination of these conditions on all-cause mortality and direct medical costs are independent and cumulative. CKD, especially severe CKD, appears to have a particularly significant impact on life expectancy and direct medical costs in patients with diabetes. These findings support the importance of preventing both CVD and CKD in patients with diabetes.
Immunotherapy With Programmed Cell Death 1 vs Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Inhibitors in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Tao Wang, Shiowjen Lee, Gerald M. Feldman
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REDUCTION OF SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE AND ATRIAL FIBRILLATION BURDEN AFTER RENAL DENERVATION AND PULMONARY VEIN ISOLATION
Authors: Evgeny Pokushalov, Alexander Romanov, Demosthenes Katritsis, Artem Strelnikov, Sergey Artemenko, Sevda Bayramova, Denis Losik, Vera Baranova, Alexander Karaskov, Jonathan Steinberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Anna Bowzyk Al-Naeeb, Thankamma Ajithkumar, Sarah Behan, Daniel James Hodson
Journal: BMJ (2018)

### What you need to know

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma are malignant disorders arising from cells of the immune system, and manifest predominantly as lymphadenopathy or solid tumours. The classification of non-Hodgkin lymphoma is complex and ever-evolving, with more than 50 different subtypes listed in the latest World Health Organization classification.1 For non-specialists, however, they can most usefully be categorised as low grade (indolent) or high grade (aggressive) lymphoma since this broad distinction determines the likely natural course and management of the disease. In this clinical update we discuss the principles of diagnosis and management that are of particular relevance to non-specialist physicians, who may encounter patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma during their initial presentation, therapy, and follow-up.

### Sources and selection criteria

We searched PubMed using the key words “non-Hodgkin lymphoma,” “diffuse large B cell lymphoma,” and “follicular lymphoma” to identify reviews and major studies published since 2000. This was supplemented by a review of management guidelines (listed in the “Further educational resources” box), by personal experience of the authors, and by feedback from patients.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is the sixth commonest malignancy in the UK with 13 000 new cases diagnosed annually (fig 1).34 The International …
Does cartilage loss cause pain in osteoarthritis and if so, how much?
Authors: Kathryn Bacon, Michael P LaValley, S Reza Jafarzadeh, David Felson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Although treatment development in osteoarthritis (OA) focuses on chondroprotection, it is unclear how much preventing cartilage loss reduces joint pain. It is also unclear how nociceptive tissues may be involved.Using data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative, we quantified the relation between cartilage loss and worsening knee pain after adjusting for bone marrow lesions (BMLs) and synovitis, and examined how much these factors mediated this association. 600 knee MRIs were scored at baseline, 12 months and 24 months for quantitative and semiquantitative measures of OA structural features. We focused on change in medial cartilage thickness using an amount similar to that seen in recent trials. Linear models calculated mean change in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain score with cartilage loss, adjusted for baseline BMLs, synovitis and covariates. Mediation analysis tested whether change in synovitis or BMLs mediated the cartilage loss-pain association. We carried out a subanalysis for knees with non-zero baseline WOMAC pain scores and another for non-valgus knees.Cartilage thickness loss was significantly associated with a small degree of worsening in pain over 24 months. For example, a loss of 0.1 mm of cartilage thickness over 2 years was associated with a 0.32 increase in WOMAC pain (scale 0-20). The association of cartilage thickness loss with pain was mediated by synovitis change but not by BML change. Subanalysis results were similar.Cartilage thickness loss is associated with only a small amount of worsening knee pain, an association mediated in part by worsening synovitis. Demonstrating that chondroprotection reduces knee pain will be extremely challenging and is perhaps unachievable.
Essentials of Human Embryology.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

In their preface of this new textbook the authors state that they "felt the need for a book that imparts the essentials without taxing the students much".A worthy aim, particularly when the subject is the complex and rapidly expanding science of embryology!A tremendous amount of material has been packed into the 192 pages of text.After an intro- ductory chapter which is largely devoted to a historical review, there are fairly detailed chapters on gametogenesis and early embryonic development, the placenta and fetal membranes, basic developmental processes, teratogenesis and twinning, fetal growth and the 'milestones of embryonic development'.Following these, there are chapters on the normal and abnormal development of individual organs.Next there are three appendices.The first is a glossary, defining some 77 terms and explaining their etymology.The second contains short biographical notes on celebrated embryologists (all, strangely, belonging to the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries).The final appendix entitled 'Development at a Glance' consists of 16 pages of lists and highly condensed descriptions of developmental events.Although the product of three authors, the text is surprisingly uniform in style: throughout the emphasis is on the communication of factual information with the minimum of space devoted to explanation or discussion.There are some astonishing omissions.For example, I found no mention of the menstrual cycle, the corpus luteum, sex chromosomes, pituitary gonadotrophins, prostaglandins, the development of lung alveoli, haemopoiesis, parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland or skull fontanelles.The illustrations are mainly simple line diagrams; most are extensively labelled.Overall, this book resembles the old-fashioned examination crammer.I feel that the average undergraduate would find it difficult reading.
No pharmacodynamic (PD) and pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction of riociguat (BAY 63-2521) and aspirin
Authors: Reiner Frey, Wolfgang Mück, Sigrun Unger, Michael Reber, Jörn Krätzschmar, Corina Becker, Georg Wensing
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objectives: Riociguat, an oral soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator, is a new candidate for treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Riociguat increases cGMP production through a novel dual mode of action: direct NO-independent stimulation of sGC; and increasing sensitivity of sGC to low levels of NO. Riociguat and aspirin are likely to be used together in PH. This randomized, open-label, crossover study investigated potential PD and PK interactions between the 2 drugs.

Methods: Participants took 2.5 mg/day riociguat, two morning doses of 500 mg aspirin, or both treatments concomitantly.

Results: Eighteen healthy men (mean age 34.8 years) were enrolled. Six of 17 participants in the safety evaluation reported ≥1 treatment-emergent adverse event (AE). All AEs were mild except 1 case of moderate headache following riociguat administration. Fifteen participants were valid for PD/PK analysis. Riociguat PK were independent of aspirin coadministration. One hour after coadministration of riociguat and aspirin, the mean increase in fraction unbound was 19% for riociguat and 24% for its metabolite M-1 (BAY 60-4552) indicating mild displacement by salicylic acid, the main aspirin metabolite. Effects of aspirin on bleeding time, platelet aggregation and plasma thromboxane B2 were not affected by concomitant riociguat. Riociguat alone had no effect on PD variables.

Conclusion: Riociguat demonstrated no clinically relevant PD or PK interaction with aspirin. Coadministration of riociguat and aspirin does not require dose adjustment. Phase 3 randomized controlled trials are investigating riociguat in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension or pulmonary arterial hypertension.
PTH-024 Risk factors for bleeding during endoscopic resection for visible lesions in barrett’s oeosphagus
Authors: Jennifer Clough, Sebastian Zeki, Sabina DeMartino, Jason Dunn
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Endoscopic resection (ER) is the preferred initial treatment for early cancer and dyplasia with visible lesions arising in Barrett's oesophagus (BE). An intra-procedural bleeding risk of 10% is typically quoted, with most controlled by endoscopic intervention. There is little data on risk factors for bleeding during oesophageal piecemeal ER. Studies on colonic polypectomy have shown older age and the presence of depressed lesions are associated with increased bleeding risk. Previous studies on gastric ESD have shown lesion size was the main risk factor. We sought to identify variables associated with an increased risk of bleeding. <h3>Methods</h3> Data were collected retrospectively for patients who had undergone ER for BE at a tertiary endotherapy centre between November 2012 – October 2017. Age, anticoagulant use, Paris classification of the lesion, number of ER specimens resected, and histology of the resected tissue were recorded. From 2015 an e-noting system was used to collect blood pressure readings pre, during and post procedure, and the highest mean arterial pressure (MAP) was calculated. Bleeding was classified as mild (controlled by snare tip), moderate (controlled by coagulation graspers/clips), or severe (necessitating admission). Patients who had a moderate or severe bleed were grouped for comparison. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 212 EMR procedures were performed in the study period. 144 were used for analysis as blood pressure recordings were available. Mean age was 71, and 76.4% were male. 28 patients bled during the procedure (19.4%), of which two had a bleed requiring admission (1.4%). There was no difference between the MAP in patients who bled during the procedure and those who did not. The mean number of ER specimens resected in total was 2.7 (range 1–12), with a greater number of resections in patients who suffered a moderate-severe bleed (3.4 vs 2.6, p=0.034). Both depressed lesions (Paris III) and pedunculated lesions (Paris Ip) conferred an increased risk of bleeding (p=0.002 and 0.011 respectively). Oesophageal cancers with a stage greater than T1b were associated with an increased bleeding risk (p=0.004). <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this study, bleeding risk was associated with the area of the ER, with a greater risk when more ER specimens were resected. Paris type Ip and III lesions conferred an increased risk of bleeding, as did resection of an oesophageal cancer with a stage greater than T1b. This may reflect increased angiogenesis associated with lymphovascular invasion. Age, sex, anticoagulant use and intra-procedural MAP made no difference to the risk of bleeding. Importantly all bleeds were controlled by endoscopic measures and mortality was zero. In Conclusion, in patients where a wide field ER is anticipated, caution with regards to bleeding and appropriate planning for cessation of haemorrhage with endoscopic techniques should be exercised.
Cardiac Imaging in the Post-ISCHEMIA Trial Era
Authors: Leslee Shaw, Raymond Y. Kwong, Eike Nagel, Michael Salerno, Farouc Jaffer, Ron Blankstein, Vasken Dilsizian, Frank Flachskampf, Paul Grayburn, Jonathan Leipsic, Tom Marwick, Koen Nieman, Subha Raman, Partho Sengupta, William Zoghbi, Patricia A. Pellikka, Madhav Swaminathan, Sharmila Dorbala, Randall Thompson, Mouaz Al-Mallah, Dennis Calnon, Donna Polk, Prem Soman, Rob Beanlands, Kirk N. Garrett, Timothy D. Henry, Sunil V. Rao, Peter L. Duffy, David Cox, Cindy Grines, Ehtisham Mahmud, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci, Sven Plein, John P. Greenwood, Colin Berry, James Carr, Andrew E. Arai, Venkatesh L. Murthy, Terrence D. Ruddy, Y. Chandrashekhar
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2020)