tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sustainable agriculture in the era of omics: knowledge-driven crop breeding
Authors: Qing Li, Jianbing Yan
Journal: Genome biology (2020)

Challenges in food productionGlobal population has reached up to 7.8 billion and is expected to exceed 10 billion by 2055 (https://countrymeters.info/cn/World).Such rapid population increase presents a great challenge for food supply.On the one hand, more grains are needed to provide basic calories for humans.On the other hand, the rising living standard leads to a changing diet habit towards higher average consumption of livestock and dairy products, especially in developing countries.Thus, crop yield boost is needed to fill the gap between food production and demand.Meanwhile, food nutritional values are of more interest to accommodate industrialized modern lives.The instability of food production caused by global climate change is another great challenge.Since 1880, the earth's temperature has risen by more than one degree (https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/world-of-change/global-temperatures),and the warming rate is becoming more rapid in recent decades, with more frequent extreme climate change including high temperature, drought, and floods.This requires future crops to adapt to this new and unpredictable environment.Crop varieties resistant to biotic stresses are also needed as plant disease and insects are expected to be impacted by climate change.More importantly, we need a food production system that can simultaneously satisfy societal demands and long-term development.Since the Green Revolution in the 1960s, farming is heavily dependent on high input of nitrogen and pesticides.This leads to environmental pollution which is not sustainable in the long run.Therefore, a new breeding scheme is urgently needed to enable sustainable agriculture; including new strategies to develop varieties and crops that have high yield potential, high yield stability, and superior grain quality and nutrition; nevertheless, less consumption of water, fertilizer, and chemicals should also be considered for environmental protection purposes.
Career Satisfaction and Burnout in Surgery—The Complex Interplay of Self-care, Work Life, and Home Life
Authors: Anghela Z. Paredes, Amalia Cochran
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Improved killing of HIV-infected cells using three neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Marina Tuyishime, Carolina Garrido, Shalini Jha, Matt Moeser, Dieter Mielke, Celia LaBranche, David Montefiori, Barton F. Haynes, Sarah Joseph, David M. Margolis, Guido Ferrari
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

The correlation of HIV-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses with protection from and delayed progression of HIV-1 infection provides a rationale to leverage ADCC-mediating antibodies for treatment purposes. We evaluated ADCC mediated by different combinations of 2 to 6 neutralizing and non-neutralizing anti–HIV-1 Envelope (Env) mAbs, using concentrations ≤ 1 μg/mL, to identify combinations effective at targeting latent reservoir HIV-1 viruses from 10 individuals. We found that within 2 hours, combinations of 3 mAbs mediated more than 30% killing of HIV-infected primary CD4+ T cells in the presence of autologous NK cells, with the combination of A32 (C1C2), DH511.2K3 (MPER), and PGT121 (V3) mAbs being the most effective. Increasing the incubation of target and effector cells in the presence of mAb combinations from 2 to 24 hours resulted in increased specific killing of infected cells, even with neutralization-resistant viruses. The same combination eliminated reactivated latently HIV-1–infected cells in an ex vivo quantitative viral outgrowth assay. Therefore, administration of a combination of 3 mAbs should be considered in planning in vivo studies seeking to eliminate persistently HIV-1–infected cells.
Circadian asthma airway responses are gated by REV-ERBα
Authors: Hannah J. Durrington, Karolina Krakowiak, Peter Meijer, Nicola Begley, Robert Maidstone, Laurence Goosey, Julie E. Gibbs, John F. Blaikley, Lisa G. Gregory, Clare M. Lloyd, Andrew S. I. Loudon, D. W. Ray
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Background Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airway showing a strong time of day rhythm. Airway hyperresponsiveness is a dominant feature of asthma, but it is not known if this is under clock control. The circadian clock powerfully regulates inflammation. The clock protein REV-ERBα is known to play a key role as a repressor of the inflammatory response. Objectives To determine if allergy mediated airway hyperresponsiveness is gated by the clock protein, REV-ERBα. Methods After exposure to the intra-nasal house dust mite allergen challenge model at either dawn or dusk, airway hyper-responsiveness to methacholine was measured invasively in mice. Main Results Wild-type mice showed marked time-of-day differential responses of airway hyper-responsiveness (maximal at dusk, start of the active phase), both in vivo and ex vivo in precision cut lung slices. Hyper-responsive time of day effects were abolished in mice lacking the clock gene Rev-erb α, indicating that time-of-day effects on asthma responses are likely mediated via the circadian clock. We suggest that muscarinic receptors 1 and 3 ( Chrm 1, 3 ) may play a role in this pathway. Conclusions We identify a novel circuit regulating a core process in asthma, potentially involving circadian control of muscarinic receptor expression, in a REV-ERBα dependent fashion. Clinical Implication These insights suggest the importance of considering timing of drug administration in clinic trials, and in clinical practice; chronotherapy.
Tim-3 finds its place in the cancer immunotherapy landscape
Authors: Nandini Acharya, Catherine Sabatos-Peyton, Ana Carrizosa Anderson
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

The blockade of immune checkpoint receptors has made great strides in the treatment of major cancers, including melanoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, renal, and lung cancer. However, the success rate of immune checkpoint blockade is still low and some cancers, such as microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer, remain refractory to these treatments. This has prompted investigation into additional checkpoint receptors. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) is a checkpoint receptor expressed by a wide variety of immune cells as well as leukemic stem cells. Coblockade of Tim-3 and PD-1 can result in reduced tumor progression in preclinical models and can improve antitumor T-cell responses in cancer patients. In this review, we will discuss the basic biology of Tim-3, its role in the tumor microenvironment, and the emerging clinical trial data that point to its future application in the field of immune-oncology.
Inhibition of autophagy aggravates DNA damage response and gastric tumorigenesis via Rad51 ubiquitination in response to <i>H. pylori</i> infection
Authors: Chuan Xie, Nianshuang Li, Huan Wang, Cong He, Yi Hu, Chao Peng, Yaobin Ouyang, Dejie Wang, Yong Xie, Jiang Chen, Xu Shu, Yin Zhu, Nonghua Lu
Journal: Gut Microbes (2020)

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the strongest known risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. DNA damage response (DDR) and autophagy play key roles in tumorigenic transformation. However, it remains unclear how H. pylori modulate DDR and autophagy in gastric carcinogenesis. Here we report that H. pylori infection promotes DNA damage via suppression of Rad51 expression through inhibition of autophagy and accumulation of p62 in gastric carcinogenesis. We find that H. pylori activated DNA damage pathway in concert with downregulation of repair protein Rad51 in gastric cells, C57BL/6 mice and Mongolian gerbils. In addition, autophagy was increased early and then decreased gradually during the duration of H. pylori infection in vitro in a CagA-dependent manner. Moreover, loss of autophagy led to promotion of DNA damage in H. pylori-infected cells. Furthermore, knockdown of autophagic substrate p62 upregulated Rad51 expression, and p62 promoted Rad51 ubiquitination via the direct interaction of its UBA domain. Finally, H. pylori infection was associated with elevated levels of p62 in gastric intestinal metaplasia and decreased levels of Rad51 in dysplasia compared to their H. pylori- counterparts. Our findings provide a novel mechanism into the linkage of H. pylori infection, autophagy, DNA damage and gastric tumorigenesis.
Epigastric cutaneous discharge: think amoebiasis
Authors: Y. Merad, L. Behague, S. Valot, L. Basmaciyan, F. Dalle, C. Estève, F.‐X. Catherine, M. Blot
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

DEAR EDITOR, A 53-year-old white man living in Cambodia was admitted for a 2-cm epigastric cutaneous lesion, which was punctuated with brown granules (a).He reported a 6-month history of epigastric pain and fever, with chronic paroxysmal discharge of a dark brown fluid from an epigastric nodular-ulcerative lesion for 2 months.Abdominal computed tomography revealed a 9-cm liver abscess (b).Anti-Entamoeba histolytica antibodies were detected at a high level.Percutaneous drainage was performed and E. histolytica testing with polymerase chain reaction was positive.He recovered after 7 days of metronidazole (500 mg three times daily) and 10 days of tiliquinol + tilbroquinol (10 mg/400 mg twice daily).Therefore, the appearance of a brown liquid flowing from an epigastric cutaneous fistula must be evocative of an amoebic liver abscess.
Association of aberrant<i>ASNS</i>imprinting with asparaginase sensitivity and chromosomal abnormality in childhood BCP-ALL
Authors: Atsushi Watanabe, Kunio Miyake, Jessica Nordlund, Ann-Christine Syvänen, Louise van der Weyden, Hiroaki Honda, Norimasa Yamasaki, Akiko Nagamachi, Toshiya Inaba, Tomokatsu Ikawa, Kevin Y. Urayama, Nobutaka Kiyokawa, Akira Ohara, Shunsuke Kimura, Yasuo Kubota, Junko Takita, Hiroaki Goto, Kimiyoshi Sakaguchi, Masayoshi Minegishi, Shotaro Iwamoto, Tamao Shinohara, Keiko Kagami, Masako Abe, Koshi Akahane, Kumiko Goi, Kanji Sugita, Takeshi Inukai
Journal: Blood (2020)
Circulating Th17 and Th22 Cells Are Associated With CMR Imaging Biosignatures of Diffuse Myocardial Interstitial Remodeling in Chronic Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Jedrzej Hoffmann, Valentina O. Puntmann, Karel Fišer, Tina Rasper, Alexander Berkowitsch, Maria Ludovica Carerj, Eike Nagel, Stefanie Dimmeler, Andreas M. Zeiher
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)
Rituximab as therapy to induce remission after relapse in ANCA-associated vasculitis
Authors: Rona M Smith, Rachel Bronwen Jones, Ulrich Specks, Simon Bond, Marianna Nodale, Reem Aljayyousi, Jacqueline Andrews, Annette Bruchfeld, Brian Camilleri, Simon Carette, Chee Kay Cheung, Vimal Derebail, Tim Doulton, Lindsy Forbess, Shouichi Fujimoto, Shunsuke Furuta, Ora Gewurz-Singer, Lorraine Harper, Toshiko Ito-Ihara, Nader Khalidi, Rainer Klocke, Curry Koening, Yoshinori Komagata, Carol Langford, Peter Lanyon, Raashid Ahmed Luqmani, Hirofumi Makino, Carole McAlear, Paul Monach, Larry W Moreland, Kim Mynard, Patrick Nachman, Christian Pagnoux, Fiona Pearce, Chen Au Peh, Charles Pusey, Dwarakanathan Ranganathan, Rennie L Rhee, Robert Spiera, Antoine G Sreih, Vladimir Tesar, Giles Walters, Michael H Weisman, Caroline Wroe, Peter Merkel, David Jayne
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Evaluation of rituximab and glucocorticoids as therapy to induce remission after relapse in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) in a prospective observational cohort of patients enrolled into the induction phase of the RITAZAREM trial.
VISTA: an immune regulatory protein checking tumor and immune cells in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Xing Huang, Xiaozhen Zhang, Enliang Li, Gang Zhang, Xun Wang, Tianyu Tang, Xueli Bai, Tingbo Liang
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2020)

Abstract VISTA (V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation) is a well-established immune regulatory receptor. However, pre-clinical investigations indicated more complicated influences of VISTA on cancer immunity than previously recognized. Here, we review the current knowledge on the therapeutic phenotypes and molecular mechanisms that underlie the contradictory roles of VISTA in checking anti-cancer immune responses. Furthermore, we highlight the potential indeterminacy of VISTA-targeted strategies in cancer immunotherapy, with in silico analyses. In fact, VISTA functions like a homeostatic regulator that actively normalizes immune responses. Thus, the regulatory role of VISTA in anti-cancer immunity remains to be fully elucidated.
Relative hyperventilation in non-ventilated patients with spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Esther S. Veldhoen, Camiel A. Wijngaarde, Laura P. Verweij-van den Oudenrijn, Fay-Lynn Asselman, Roelie M. Wösten-van Asperen, Erik H.J. Hulzebos, Kors van der Ent, Inge Cuppen, Michael A. Gaytant, Ruben P.A. van Eijk, W. Ludo van der Pol
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>Lower ranges of carbon dioxide levels are normal in non-ventilated SMA patients. Physicians should be aware of pending respiratory insufficiency if carbon dioxide levels increase to normal levels in patients with pre-existing low carbon dioxide levels</b>https://bit.ly/2Ag7jQ5
Assessment of Beliefs and Attitudes About Statins Posted on Twitter
Authors: Su Golder, Karen O’Connor, Sean Hennessy, Robert Gross, Graciela Gonzalez-Hernandez
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Statins are prescribed to help lower cholesterol levels but have poor adherence rates. Attitudes or beliefs toward medications are important to ascertain because they may be associated with patient behavior. <h3>Objective</h3> To identify health-related discussion in Twitter posts mentioning a statin and analyze the content within these posts. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This qualitative study included 11 852 posts related to 1 of 8 statins (7 licensed for use in the United States and 5 licensed in the United Kingdom) collected from May 10, 2013, to August 28, 2018. Twitter posts were identified as health related or not, and if health related, whether they were posted by a statin user, someone who knows a statin user, a health care professional, or undetermined. The health-related tweets were classified by the type of information posted, such as a belief about the medication, an adverse event, a question, or a reference to the cost of the medication. Data were analyzed from January 22 to November 19, 2019. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The number of posts by each user type identified and the categories identified by analyzing the content. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 11 852 Twitter posts about statins, 5201 (43.9%) were health related. The most frequent posts provided resource information, such as a link to a journal article (1824 of 5201 [35.1%]). The second most frequent type of health-related posts included personal beliefs or attitudes toward statins (1097 of 5201 [21.1%]). Personal experiences of adverse events (353 of 5201 [6.8%]), discussions about dosage (320 of 5201 [6.2%]), and questions about statins (191 of 5201 [3.7%]) followed. Posts indicated polarized beliefs and attitudes to statins from saving lives to causing death. Some beliefs, such as the direct confirmation that the use of statins mitigates the effects of an unhealthy diet, have not been extensively highlighted as common practice in the literature. <h3>Conclusion and Relevance</h3> This qualitative content analysis of Twitter posts about statins provides insights into beliefs about statins. Patient perspectives gathered from social media may help to inform research and improve public health messages and communication between health care professionals and patients.
Impact of Full-Field Digital Mammography Versus Film-Screen Mammography in Population Screening: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rachel Farber, Nehmat Houssami, Sally Wortley, Gemma Jacklyn, Michael L Marinovich, Kevin McGeechan, Alexandra Barratt, Katy Bell
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2020)

Abstract Background Breast screening programs replaced film mammography with digital mammography, and the effects of this practice shift in population screening on health outcomes can be measured through examination of cancer detection and interval cancer rates. Methods A systematic review and random effects meta-analysis were undertaken. Seven databases were searched for publications that compared film with digital mammography within the same population of asymptomatic women and reported cancer detection and/or interval cancer rates. Results The analysis included 24 studies with 16 583 743 screening examinations (10 968 843 film and 5 614 900 digital). The pooled difference in the cancer detection rate showed an increase of 0.51 per 1000 screens (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.19 to 0.83), greater relative increase for ductal carcinoma in situ (25.2%, 95% CI = 17.4% to 33.5%) than invasive (4%, 95% CI = −3% to 13%), and a recall rate increase of 6.95 (95% CI = 3.47 to 10.42) per 1000 screens after the transition from film to digital mammography. Seven studies (80.8% of screens) reported interval cancers: the pooled difference showed no change in the interval cancer rate with −0.02 per 1000 screens (95% CI = −0.06 to 0.03). Restricting analysis to studies at low risk of bias resulted in findings consistent with the overall pooled results for all outcomes. Conclusions The increase in cancer detection following the practice shift to digital mammography did not translate into a reduction in the interval cancer rate. Recall rates were increased. These results suggest the transition from film to digital mammography did not result in health benefits for screened women. This analysis reinforces the need to carefully evaluate effects of future changes in technology, such as tomosynthesis, to ensure new technology leads to improved health outcomes and beyond technical gains.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Risk of Hospitalization with Infection in Chronic Kidney Disease: The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study
Authors: Junichi Ishigami, Jonathan T. Taliercio, Harold I. Feldman, Anand Srivastava, Raymond R. Townsend, Debbie L. Cohen, Edward J. Horwitz, Panduranga Rao, Jeanne Charleston, Jeffrey C. Fink, Ana C. Ricardo, James Sondheimer, Teresa K. Chen, Myles Wolf, Tamara Isakova, Lawrence J. Appel, Kunihiro Matsushita
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Significance Statement Association of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) with risk of infection has not been evaluated in a CKD population. Among 3655 participants of the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study who had nondialysis-dependent CKD, higher baseline plasma levels of C-terminal FGF23 were significantly and monotonically associated with time to first hospitalization with major infection, independent of biomarkers of inflammation or bone mineral metabolism. These findings suggest a possible role of FGF23 in the increased susceptibility to infection among individuals with CKD. The most frequent infections were of the urinary tract, followed by cellulitis/osteomyelitis, pneumonia, and then bacteremia/septicemia. Background Risk of infectious disease is increased among individuals with CKD. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is often elevated in CKD, and may impair immune function directly or indirectly through proinflammatory and vitamin D–suppressing pathways. Whether FGF23 is associated with risk of infection has not been evaluated in a CKD population. Methods In 3655 participants of the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study, we evaluated the association of baseline plasma levels of C-terminal FGF23 with time to first hospitalization with major infection, defined by hospital discharge with a diagnosis code for urinary tract infection, pneumonia, cellulitis/osteomyelitis, or bacteremia/septicemia. Multivariable Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and adjust for confounding. Results During a median follow-up of 6.5 years, 1051 individuals (29%) were hospitalized with major infection. Multivariable Cox analysis indicated a graded increase in the risk of infection with higher levels of FGF23 (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.85 with the highest quartile [≥235.9 RU/ml] versus lowest quartile [&lt;95.3 RU/ml]; HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.35 per SD increment in log FGF23). The association was consistent across infection subtypes and demographic and clinical subgroups, and remained significant after additional adjustment for biomarkers of inflammation (IL-6, TNF- α , high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and albumin), and bone mineral metabolism (25-hydroxyvitamin D, phosphorus, calcium, and parathyroid hormone). The association was consistent across infection subtypes of urinary tract infection (482 cases), cellulitis/osteomyelitis (422 cases), pneumonia (399 cases), and bacteremia/septicemia (280 cases). Conclusions Among individuals with CKD, higher FGF23 levels were independently and monotonically associated with an increased risk of hospitalization with infection.
Management of acute gastric variceal hemorrhage
Authors: Mostafa Ibrahim
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Acute gastric variceal hemorrhage (AGHV) occurs in up to 20 % of patients with portal hypertension, and 65 % of those experience a bleeding episode within 2 years of diagnosis [1]. The management of AGVH involves a multidisciplinary approach including resuscitation, treatment of acute bleeding, secondary prophylaxis, and management of treatment failure.