tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of the Risk of a Venous Thromboembolic Event in Emergency vs Elective General Surgery
Authors: Samuel W. Ross, Kali M. Kuhlenschmidt, John C. Kubasiak, Lindsey E. Mossler, Luis R. Taveras, Thomas H. Shoultz, Herbert A. Phelan, Caroline E. Reinke, Michael W. Cripps
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

Trauma patients have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), partly because of greater inflammation. However, it is unknown if this association is present in patients who undergo emergency general surgery (EGS).To investigate whether emergency case status is independently associated with VTE compared with elective case status and to test the hypothesis that emergency cases would have a higher risk of VTE.This retrospective cohort study used the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2016, for all cholecystectomies, ventral hernia repairs (VHRs), and partial colectomies (PCs) to obtain a sample of commonly encountered emergency procedures that have elective counterparts. Emergency surgeries were then compared with elective surgeries. The dates of analysis were January 1 to 31, 2019.The primary outcome was VTE at 30 days. A multivariable analysis controlling for age, sex, body mass index, bleeding disorder, disseminated cancer, laparoscopy approach, and surgery type was performed.There were 604 537 adults undergoing surgical procedures over 12 years (mean [SD] age, 55.3 [16.6] years; 61.4% women), including 285 847 cholecystectomies, 158 500 VHRs, and 160 190 PCs. The rate of VTE within 30 days was 1.9% for EGS and 0.8% for elective surgery, a statistically significant difference. Overall, 4607 patients (0.8%) had deep vein thrombosis, and 2648 patients (0.4%) had pulmonary embolism. A total of 6624 VTEs (1.1%) occurred in the cohort. As expected, when VTE risk was examined by surgery type, the risk increased with invasiveness (0.5% for cholecystectomy, 0.8% for VHR, and 2.4% for PC; P < .001). On multivariable analysis, EGS was independently associated with VTE (odds ratio [OR], 1.70; 95% CI, 1.61-1.79). Also associated with VTE were open surgery (OR, 3.38; 95% CI, 3.15-3.63) and PC (OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.73-1.99).In this cohort study, emergency surgery and increased invasiveness appeared to be independently associated with VTE compared with elective surgery. Further study on methods to improve VTE chemoprophylaxis is highly recommended for emergency and more extensive operations to reduce the risk of potentially lethal VTE.
Pandemic preparedness: doctor leads campaign for UK government to release report
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Lawyers for an NHS doctor are threatening legal action over the government’s failure to release an unpublished report on Exercise Cygnus, a 2016 exercise to test the UK’s preparedness for a flu pandemic.

Leigh Day, solicitors for Moosa Qureshi, have written a pre-action letter to Matt Hancock, the health and social care secretary for England, demanding that he release the report on Exercise Cygnus. If he does not, the solicitors say, Hancock will face an urgent application for judicial review of the decision not to publish it. The Telegraph has reported that the findings, which followed a three …
Gene-edited human stem cell–derived β cells from a patient with monogenic diabetes reverse preexisting diabetes in mice
Authors: Kristina G. Maxwell, Punn Augsornworawat, Leonardo Velazco-Cruz, Michelle H. Kim, Rie Asada, Nathaniel J. Hogrebe, Shuntaro Morikawa, Fumihiko Urano, Jeffrey R. Millman
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2020)

Differentiation of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from patients with diabetes promises to provide autologous cells for diabetes cell replacement therapy. However, current approaches produce patient iPSC-derived β (SC-β) cells with poor function in vitro and in vivo. Here, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to correct a diabetes-causing pathogenic variant in Wolfram syndrome 1 (WFS1) in iPSCs derived from a patient with Wolfram syndrome (WS). After differentiation to β cells with our recent six-stage differentiation strategy, corrected WS SC-β cells performed robust dynamic insulin secretion in vitro in response to glucose and reversed preexisting streptozocin-induced diabetes after transplantation into mice. Single-cell transcriptomics showed that corrected SC-β cells displayed increased insulin and decreased expression of genes associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress. CRISPR-Cas9 correction of a diabetes-inducing gene variant thus allows for robust differentiation of autologous SC-β cells that can reverse severe diabetes in an animal model.
Assessing the Agreement of Hospital Performance on 3 National Mortality Ratings for 2 Common Inpatient Conditions
Authors: J. Matthew Austin, Jordan M. Derk, Allen Kachalia, Peter J. Pronovost
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

This study assesses the agreement of the US Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services Hospital Compare, Healthgrades, and US News &amp; World Report Best Hospitals on hospital performance for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure.
Abstract 15697: Novel Antithrombotic Effects of Dabigatran in Patients With NVAF
Authors: Keisuke Tsuda, Tatsunori Natori, Mie Shimizu, Kiyotaka Oi, Asami Kamada, Makiko Yoshida, Shinsuke Narumi, Kazumasa Oura, Yoko Ishigaku, Yasuo Terayama, Tetsuya Maeda
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Direct oral anticoagulants are widely used to prevent ischemic stroke. Among them, dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, is considered to have an antiplatelet effect in addition to i...
Hypoxia and Amino Acid Imaging of High-Grade Glioma
Authors: Paola Mapelli, Federico Fallanca, Paola Scifo, Maurizio Barbera, Antonella Castellano, Valentino Bettinardi, Elena Incerti, Luigi Gianolli, Nicoletta Anzalone, Maria Picchio
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

In the present case, we report the first experience of a patient with high-grade glioma who underwent dual F-FAZA PET/CT imaging for intratumoral hypoxia assessment, before treatment, and for therapy monitoring in the suspicious of recurrence, as part of a clinical research protocol. In addition, despite the diagnosis of glioblastoma, the patient at 3 years from diagnosis was alive and underwent C-methionine simultaneous PET/MRI for disease monitoring after treatment, showing stability of disease. The multitracer capability of PET in assessing different and complementary metabolic features along with the use of a last-generation scanner as PET/MRI in brain oncology are here enlighten.
High FLT3 Levels May Predict Sorafenib Benefit in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wen Sun, Shi-Chao Li, Li Xu, Wei Zhong, Zhen-Guang Wang, Chu-zhi Pan, Jing Li, Guang-Zhi Jin, Na Ta, Wei Dong, Dan Liu, Hui Liu, Hong-Yang Wang, Jin Ding
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

To identify a predictive biomarker of sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma personalized therapy.The patients treated with or without sorafenib after hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence from multicenters were matched with propensity score matching analysis. The expression levels of Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) in hepatocellular carcinoma specimens of the matched patients (n = 276) were analyzed by IHC. The optimal cut-off point of FLT3 levels for overall survival (OS) was defined via Cutoff Finder. Subgroup analysis of OS was employed to investigate the association between FLT3 levels and sorafenib benefit. The predictive value was assessed via Cox regression models with an interaction term. Hepatocellular carcinoma and paratumoral normal tissues were used to investigate the expression and copy-number variation of FLT3. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models were used to confirm the association between FLT3 levels and sorafenib response.Patients with FLT3-high hepatocellular carcinoma exhibited a superior OS upon sorafenib treatment. High FLT3 levels were predictive of sorafenib benefit in terms of OS (Pinteraction = 0.00006). Copy-number losses and decreased expression of FLT3 in hepatocellular carcinoma were detected in about 64% of patients. Moreover, the PDXs derived from tumors with high FLT3 levels also displayed a better response to sorafenib.Sorafenib may be able to delay tumor progression in patients with FLT3-high hepatocellular carcinoma. This potential biomarker needs to be further validated in independent cohorts prior to helping stratify patients for precision therapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
Stromal Platelet–Derived Growth Factor Receptor-β Signaling Promotes Breast Cancer Metastasis in the Brain
Authors: Katie A. Thies, Anisha M. Hammer, Blake E. Hildreth, Sarah A. Steck, Jonathan M. Spehar, Raleigh D. Kladney, Jennifer A. Geisler, Manjusri Das, Luke O. Russell, Jerome F. Bey, Chelsea M. Bolyard, Robert Pilarski, Anthony J. Trimboli, Maria C. Cuitiño, Christopher S. Koivisto, Daniel G. Stover, Lynn Schoenfield, Jose Otero, Jonathan P. Godbout, Arnab Chakravarti, Matthew D. Ringel, Bhuvaneswari Ramaswamy, Zaibo Li, Balveen Kaur, Gustavo Leone, Michael C. Ostrowski, Steven T. Sizemore, Gina M. Sizemore
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFRβ) is a receptor tyrosine kinase found in cells of mesenchymal origin such as fibroblasts and pericytes. Activation of this receptor is dependent on paracrine ligand induction, and its preferred ligand PDGFB is released by neighboring epithelial and endothelial cells. While expression of both PDGFRβ and PDGFB has been noted in patient breast tumors for decades, how PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ tumor-stroma signaling mediates breast cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis remains unclear. Here we demonstrate this paracrine signaling pathway that mediates both primary tumor growth and metastasis, specifically, metastasis to the brain. Elevated levels of PDGFB accelerated orthotopic tumor growth and intracranial growth of mammary tumor cells, while mesenchymal-specific expression of an activating mutant PDGFRβ (PDGFRβD849V) exerted proproliferative signals on adjacent mammary tumor cells. Stromal expression of PDGFRβD849V also promoted brain metastases of mammary tumor cells expressing high PDGFB when injected intravenously. In the brain, expression of PDGFRβD849V was observed within a subset of astrocytes, and aged mice expressing PDGFRβD849V exhibited reactive gliosis. Importantly, the PDGFR-specific inhibitor crenolanib significantly reduced intracranial growth of mammary tumor cells. In a tissue microarray comprised of 363 primary human breast tumors, high PDGFB protein expression was prognostic for brain metastases, but not metastases to other sites. Our results advocate the use of mice expressing PDGFRβD849V in their stromal cells as a preclinical model of breast cancer-associated brain metastases and support continued investigation into the clinical prognostic and therapeutic use of PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ signaling in women with breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: These studies reveal a previously unknown role for PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ paracrine signaling in the promotion of breast cancer brain metastases and support the prognostic and therapeutic clinical utility of this pathway for patients.See related article by Wyss and colleagues, p. 594.
A Novel Anti‐Coagulative Nanocomplex in Delivering miRNA‐1 Inhibitor Against Microvascular Obstruction of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ting Hong, Yazhong Wei, Xiaomei Xue, Yongyong Li, Haiqing Dong, Xiaoyu Guo, Xueyin Shi, Bin He
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Great progress has been made in miRNA nanodelivery for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). However, miRNA nanodelivery within the infarct is impeded by microvascular obstruction as a local circulatory disorder caused by microthrombus formation in microvessels. Knowing that low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) can effectively prevent microthrombus formation in microcirculation, it is hypothesized whether surface modification of the nanocarrier with LMWH can overcome microvascular obstruction in the infarct area for better miRNA delivery. Herein, a novel nanocomlex consisting of dendrigraft poly‐ l ‐lysine (DGL)‐loaded miR‐1 inhibitor as the core to decrease apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and LMWH as the shell to overcome microvascular obstruction of the infarct area is developed. The results show that this anti‐coagulative nanocomlex is able to reduce microthrombus formation in microvessels and inhibit blood‐coagulation factor Xa, thereby overcoming microvascular obstruction in the infarct area. In addition, it further enhances the uptake of miR‐1 inhibitor within the infarct and decreases myocardiocyte apoptosis, thus improving the cardiac function and attenuating the myocardial fibrosis. In conclusion, modification of DGL‐loaded miR‐1 inhibitor with LMWH helps overcome microvascular obstruction in delivering the drug to the infarct area, thus providing a promising therapeutic strategy for achieving a better therapeutic outcome of MI.
Watch and Wait in Rectal Cancer or More Wait and See?
Authors: J. Joshua Smith, Philip B. Paty, Julio Garcia-Aguilar
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Simultaneous versus staged resection for synchronous colorectal liver metastases: A population-based cost analysis in Ontario, Canada - Health economic evaluation
Authors: Julian Wang, Christopher Griffiths, Marko Simunovic, Sameer Parpia, Chu-Shu Gu, Amiram Gafni, Leyo Ruo, Julie Hallet, Jessica Bogach, Pablo E. Serrano
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2020)
Maternity care inquiry expands to almost 1200 cases
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

An inquiry into childbirth cases of “serious and potentially serious concern” at Shrewsbury and Telford Hospitals NHS Trust has expanded to 1170 cases, putting it on course to be one of the biggest healthcare scandals in NHS history.

The review, chaired by Donna Ockenden, a midwife, was set up by the former health and social care secretary Jeremy Hunt in 2017. An interim report on about 250 cases concluded that at least 42 babies and three mothers may have died avoidably and that more than 50 newborns may have …
Safety and efficacy of satralizumab monotherapy in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial
Authors: Anthony Traboulsee, Benjamin M Greenberg, Jeffrey L Bennett, Lech Szczechowski, Edward Fox, Svitlana Shkrobot, Takashi Yamamura, Yusuke Terada, Yuichi Kawata, Padraig Wright, Athos Gianella-Borradori, Hideki Garren, Brian G Weinshenker
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2020)
In Reply: A Modified Algorithm Adjusting Both High and Minor Allele-Frequency to Redefine Blood-Based Tumor Mutational Burden for Optimal Prediction of Clinical Benefits From Programmed Cell Death-Protein 1 Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhijie Wang, Jianchun Duan, Jie Wang, Guoqiang Wang, Zhengyi Zhao
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2020)
Abstract 16520: Initial Experience With The 5th Generation Troponin T In A Large Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Thomas Welch, Anita Chen, Scott McNitt, Andrew Mathias, John D Bisognano
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States (U.S.) and Worldwide. Early diagnosis of ACS leads to better short and long-term outcome...
A possible role for B cells in COVID-19? Lesson from patients with agammaglobulinemia
Authors: Isabella Quinti, Vassilios Lougaris, Cinzia Milito, Francesco Cinetto, Antonio Pecoraro, Ivano Mezzaroma, Claudio Maria Mastroianni, Ombretta Turriziani, Maria Pia Bondioni, Matteo Filippini, Annarosa Soresina, Giuseppe Spadaro, Carlo Agostini, Rita Carsetti, Alessandro Plebani
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2020)

COVID-19 had a mild clinical course in patients with Agammaglobulinemia lacking B lymphocytes, whereas it developed aggressively in Common Variable Immune Deficiency.Our data offer mechanisms for possible therapeutic targets.
Anti-inflammatory therapy may ameliorate the clinical picture of COVID-19
Authors: Haralampos M Moutsopoulos
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Anti-inflammatory therapy may ameliorate the clinical picture of COVID-19We present a 70-year-old woman who was diagnosed 5 years ago with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome on the basis of her clinical picture (episodes of fever, urticarial and maculopapular rash, myalgia, arthralgia and/or arthritis, especially after cold exposure), and genetic testing which confirmed an NLRP3 missense mutation.Since then she has been treated with anti-interleukin-1 subcutaneous therapy (initially on anakinra daily and subsequently on canakinumab 150 mg every 8 weeks).This treatment resulted in complete resolution of disease signs and symptoms.On 15 March 2020 she
A phase II randomized, multicenter, open-label trial of continuing adjuvant temozolomide beyond 6 cycles in patients with glioblastoma (GEINO 14-01)
Authors: Carmen Balana, Maria Angeles Vaz, Juan Manuel Sepúlveda, Carlos Mesia, Sonia del Barco, Estela Pineda, Jose Muñoz-Langa, Anna Estival, Ramón de las Peñas, Jose Fuster, Regina Gironés, Luis Miguel Navarro, Miguel Gil-Gil, Miriam Alonso, Ana Herrero, Sergio Peralta, Clara Olier, Pedro Perez-Segura, Maria Covela, Maria Martinez-García, Alfonso Berrocal, Oscar Gallego, Raquel Luque, Franciso Javier Perez-Martín, Anna Esteve, Nuria Munne, Marta Domenech, Salvador Villa, Carolina Sanz, Cristina Carrato
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2020)

Abstract Background Standard treatment for glioblastoma is radiation with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for 6 cycles, although the optimal number of cycles of adjuvant temozolomide has long been a subject of debate. We performed a phase II randomized trial investigating whether extending adjuvant temozolomide for more than 6 cycles improved outcome. Methods Glioblastoma patients treated at 20 Spanish hospitals who had not progressed after 6 cycles of adjuvant temozolomide were centrally randomized to stop (control arm) or continue (experimental arm) temozolomide up to a total of 12 cycles at the same doses they were receiving in cycle 6. Patients were stratified by MGMT methylation and measurable disease. The primary endpoint was differences in 6-month progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were PFS, overall survival (OS), and safety (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02209948). Results From August 2014 to November 2018, 166 patients were screened, 7 of whom were ineligible. Seventy-nine patients were included in the stop arm and 80 in the experimental arm. All patients were included in the analyses of outcomes and of safety. There were no differences in 6-month PFS (control 55.7%; experimental 61.3%), PFS, or OS between arms. MGMT methylation and absence of measurable disease were independent factors of better outcome. Patients in the experimental arm had more lymphopenia (P &amp;lt; 0.001), thrombocytopenia (P &amp;lt; 0.001), and nausea and vomiting (P = 0.001). Conclusions Continuing temozolomide after 6 adjuvant cycles is associated with greater toxicity but confers no additional benefit in 6-month PFS. Key Points 1. Extending adjuvant temozolomide to 12 cycles did not improve 6-month PFS. 2. Extending adjuvant temozolomide did not improve PFS or OS in any patient subset. 3. Extending adjuvant temozolomide was linked to increased toxicities.
Obesity Paradox in Patients With Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Immunotherapy—Reply
Authors: Ganessan Kichenadasse, Ashley M. Hopkins, Michael J. Sorich
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Response to ‘Is there a future for hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine in prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19)?’ by Moiseev <i>et al</i>
Authors: Francesca Romana Spinelli, Fulvia Ceccarelli, Manuela Di Franco, Fabrizio Conti
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

We thank Sergei Moiseev and colleagues for their comment in response to our letter ‘To consider or not antimalarials as a prophylactic intervention in the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) pandemic’.1 2 

Antimalarial drugs hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine have been largely used for treating patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) for decades, and they are safe and well tolerated in such patients.3 Conversely, there is still little evidence on their effectiveness in patients with Covid-19. As Moiseev and colleagues have pointed out, more data have been published after the submission of our letter; therefore, we welcome the opportunity to give an update. The results of five studies are now available: three open-label and two randomised controlled trials4–8 (table 1). All studies have small sample sizes and enrolled non-critically ill patients. Gautret et al extended their previous results confirming the fast reduction of viral load in 80 hospitalised Covid-19 patients treated …