tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Complication Rates in a Study of Invasive Diagnostic Procedures for Lung Abnormalities—In Reply
Authors: Jinhai Huo, Ya-Chen Tina Shih
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
New concepts for transdermal delivery of oxygen based on catalase biochemical reactions studied by oxygen electrode amperometry
Authors: Aura Rocio Hernández, Marine Boutonnet, Birgitta Svensson, Eile Butler, Rolf Lood, Kristina Blom, Bibiana Vallejo, Chris Anderson, Johan Engblom, Tautgirdas Ruzgas, Sebastian Björklund
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2019)
Abstract 18: Dispatcher-Assisted Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in a Metropolitan City: A Before-and-After Population Study
Authors: So Young Ha, Sang Do Shin, Kyoung Jun Song, Chang Bae Park, Joo Young Kim
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background The goal of this study is to determine the effect of the dispatcher-assisted bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (D-CPR) on the outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Met...
A New and Simple TRG Multiplex PCR Assay for Assessment of T‐cell Clonality: A Comparative Study from the EuroClonality Consortium
Authors: Marine Armand, Coralie Derrieux, Kheira Beldjord, Tamara Wabeke, Dido Lenze, Elke Boone, Monika Bruggemann, Paul A.S. Evans, Paula Gameiro, Michael Hummel, Patrick Villarese, Patricia J.T.A. Groenen, Anton W. Langerak, Elizabeth A. Macintyre, Frederic Davi
Journal: HemaSphere (2019)

T-cell Receptor Gamma (TRG) rearrangements are commonly used to detect clonal lymphoproliferations in hematopathology, since they are rearranged in virtually all T lymphocytes and have a relatively limited recombinatorial repertoire, which reduces the risk of false negative results, at the cost of potential false positivity. We developed an initial one-tube, 2-fluorochrome EuroClonality TRG PCR multiplex (TRG-1T-2F) which was compared to the original 2-tube, 2-fluorochrome EuroClonality/BIOMED-2 TRG PCR (TRG-2T-2F) and a commercial Invivoscribe one-tube, one-fluorochrome kit (IVS-1T-1F) on a series of 239 samples, including both T-cell malignancies and reactive cases. This initial assay yielded discrepant results between the 10 participating EuroClonality laboratories when using 2 fluorochromes, leading to adoption of a final single color EuroClonality strategy (TRG-1T-1F). Compared to TRG-2T-2F, both TRG-1T-1F and IVS-1T-1F demonstrated easier interpretation and a lower risk of false positive from minor peaks in dispersed repertoires. Both generate smaller fragments and as such are likely to be better adapted to analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. Their differential performance was mainly explained by (i) superposition of biallelic rearrangements with IVS-1T-1F, due to more extensive overlapping of the repertoires and (ii) intentional omission of the TRGJP primer in TRG-1T-1F, in order to avoid the potential risk of confusion of consensus TRG V9-JP normal rearrangements with a pathological clone.
Longer-Term Assessment of Azithromycin for Reducing Childhood Mortality in Africa
Authors: Jeremy D. Keenan, Ahmed M. Arzika, Ramatou Maliki, Nameywa Boubacar, Sanoussi Elh Adamou, Maria Moussa Ali, Catherine Cook, Elodie Lebas, Ying Lin, Kathryn J. Ray, Kieran S. O’Brien, Thuy Doan, Catherine E. Oldenburg, E. Kelly Callahan, Paul M. Emerson, Travis C. Porco, Thomas M. Lietman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

The MORDOR I trial (Macrolides Oraux pour Réduire les Décès avec un Oeil sur la Résistance) showed that in Niger, mass administration of azithromycin twice a year for 2 years resulted in 18% lower postneonatal childhood mortality than administration of placebo. Whether this benefit could increase with each administration or wane owing to antibiotic resistance was unknown.In the Niger component of the MORDOR I trial, we randomly assigned 594 communities to four twice-yearly distributions of either azithromycin or placebo to children 1 to 59 months of age. In MORDOR II, all these communities received two additional open-label azithromycin distributions. All-cause mortality was assessed twice yearly by census workers who were unaware of participants' original assignments.In the MORDOR II trial, the mean (±SD) azithromycin coverage was 91.3±7.2% in the communities that received twice-yearly azithromycin for the first time (i.e., had received placebo for 2 years in MORDOR I) and 92.0±6.6% in communities that received azithromycin for the third year (i.e., had received azithromycin for 2 years in MORDOR I). In MORDOR II, mortality was 24.0 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.1 to 26.3) in communities that had originally received placebo in the first year and 23.3 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 21.4 to 25.5) in those that had originally received azithromycin in the first year, with no significant difference between groups (P = 0.55). In communities that had originally received placebo, mortality decreased by 13.3% (95% CI, 5.8 to 20.2) when the communities received azithromycin (P = 0.007). In communities that had originally received azithromycin and continued receiving it for an additional year, the difference in mortality between the third year and the first 2 years was not significant (-3.6%; 95% CI, -12.3 to 4.5; P = 0.50).We found no evidence that the effect of mass administration of azithromycin on childhood mortality in Niger waned in the third year of treatment. Childhood mortality decreased when communities that had originally received placebo received azithromycin. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02047981.).
Abstract 15199: MicroRNA-24 Mediates Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation via Induction of Endothelial Dihydrofolate Reductase Deficiency
Authors: Taro Narumi, Norika M Liu, Yixuan Zhang, Hua Cai
Journal: Circulation (2017)

We have previously shown that an endothelial cell specific dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) deficiency underlies Angiotensin II (Ang II) induced eNOS uncoupling and eNOS uncoupling-dependent formatio...
Abstract 14620: Validation of the Non-laboratory Based Framingham Algorithm in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Dataset
Authors: Jacob K Kariuki, Eileen M Stuart-Shor, Suzanne G Leveille, Philimon Gona, Jerry Cromwell
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: In recent years, non-Laboratory based (non-LB) risk assessment algorithms have been developed to facilitate absolute cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment in resource constrained...
多发性化脓性汗腺炎患者 pyrin 突变
Authors: S. Vural, M. Gündoğdu, E. Gökpınar Ili, C.D. Durmaz, A. Vural, L. Steinmüller‐Magin, A. Kleinhempel, L.M. Holdt, T. Ruzicka, K.A. Giehl, H.I. Ruhi, A. Boyvat
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

化脓性汗腺炎(HS)是一种炎性皮肤病, 在全世界约有1%HS患者。HS可使患者生活质量严重下降, 使腋窝和臀部等有毛发的部位出现慢性疼痛病变 (小块受累区域)。本次研究由土耳其和德国的科学家进行, 旨在分析 MEFV 基因在HS 中的作用, 研究使用了 119名HS患者。研究者确认了一些与多发性HS(例如, 出现更严重HS及其他炎性疾病的患者[如严重痤疮、关节炎或家族性地中海热 (FMF, 由MEFV基因突变引起)] ) 相关的临床特征 (如严重度、是否患有其他疾病)。患者被分为以下两个亚组:多发性 HS 患者(在这 119人中占38%)及非多发性HS患者。作者比较了多发性HS患者与非多发性 HS 患者的 MEFV 突变比例。在多发性 HS 患者组中大多数患者为男性。在多发性 HS 患者组中较HS患者通常疾病发作更早, 而且在HS患者中较一般群体FMF诊断更常见。在多发性 HS 患者组中 MEFV 突变的频率高于非 HS 患者。本次研究的结果表明, MEFV 基因突变可能在HS患者亚组中是一个风险因素, 而且这一理解可能对开发新的治疗很重要。
Normal lung development needs self-eating
Authors: David Warburton, Saverio Bellusci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2019)

Autophagy is a Greek-derived concept that means "self-eating" and is increasingly recognized as an important regulator of homeostasis and disease. In this issue of the JCI, Yeganeh et al. report the important finding that intrinsic autophagy is required for normal progression of lung development. Conditional deletion of the beclin 1-encoding gene (Becn1) specifically within lung epithelial cells of embryonic mice resulted in neonatal lethal respiratory distress that was associated with negative impacts on airway branching and differentiation of airway epithelial cell lineages. The authors draw speculative parallels with the alveolar simplification phenotype of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature human infants and suggest that stimulation of autophagy by cAMP-dependent kinase activation might conceivably rescue these phenotypes.
GP who stole £25 000 after receiving unexpectedly large tax bill is spared jail
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2019)

A GP who stole £25 000 after receiving an unexpected £90 000 tax bill and then falsified accounts to cover his tracks has been spared jail because strong mitigating circumstances persuaded the judge to take the “exceptional” course of suspending his sentence.

Lasanthan Aiyathurai, 40, was one of three directors of Swale Community Healthcare, a federation of GPs in Kent, and was “in control of the purse strings,” Maidstone Crown Court heard. In 2017, after receiving a tax demand for £90 000 “out of the blue,” he took £25 000 from the federation’s business account and falsified the end-of-year accounts.

The unexpected tax demand arose …
Let's Raise a Glass to Sydney: In Memoriam (1927-2019)
Authors: Ronald M. Evans
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

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Shortly after receiving the 2002 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology, I congratulated Sydney Brenner with a magnum of 1995 Chateau Latour. He said, “Oh Ron, it's lovely but a bit young. Let's wait and we'll toast when it's ready.” Well, a bit like the wine, when Sydney
Macitentan for the treatment of portopulmonary hypertension (PORTICO): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 4 trial
Authors: Olivier Sitbon, Jaume Bosch, Emmanuelle Cottreel, Denes Csonka, Pascal de Groote, Marius M Hoeper, Nick H Kim, Nicolas Martin, Laurent Savale, Michael Krowka
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2019)
Abstract 701: New α Index Improves Detection of the Pulmonary Hypertension With Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Sergio Moral, Leticia Fernandez, Gabriela Guzman, Juan Gaztanaga, Beatriz Samaniego, Valentin Fuster, Mario Garcia, Javier Sanz
Journal: Circulation (2009)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH), right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) decreases and the pulmonary artery (PA) dilates as disease progresses. We evaluated a new index  α =100 × minimal PA area/RVEF for the detection of PH with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in comparison with right heart catheterization  METHODS: We included 185 patients (135 women, age 53±16 years) with known or suspected PH who underwent cardiac MRI and right catheterization in ≤15 days. PH was defined as a mean PA pressure > 25mmHg. RVEF and minimal PA area were quantified with MRI.  RESULTS: According to the catheterization, 33 patients had normal PA pressures and 152 had PH. RVEF and minimal PA area correlated with the degree of mean PA pressure (r=−0.538, p α  correlated better with mean PA pressure (r=0.600, p α  than for RVEF (p=0.034) or minimal PA area (p=0.018) considered separately, based on receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis (figure). A cutoff value of  α =12.3 showed a sensitivity of 94.1 and a specificity of 81.8 for the detection of PH.  CONCLUSIONS: A novel index  α , which relates to markers of PH severity (RVEF and minimal PA area), improves the ability of detecting the presence of PH with MRI in comparison with right heart catheterization.
International Life Sciences Institute is advocate for food and drink industry, say researchers
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Researchers have labelled the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) an industry front group, after studying thousands of documents from the influential sponsor of published research on nutrition and health.

Writing in the journal Globalization and Health ,1 researchers from the University of Cambridge in England, Bocconi University in Italy, and the US Right to Know campaign called ILSI a “case study” that “serves as a caution to those involved in global health governance to be wary of putatively independent research groups.”

Sarah Steele, lead author from the University of Cambridge, said, “Our findings only continue to add to the evidence that this non-profit organisation has been used by its corporate backers for years to counter public health policies.

“We contend that the International Life Sciences Institute should be regarded as an industry group—a private body—and regulated as such, not as a body acting for the greater good.”

ILSI describes its mission as promoting “global partnerships for a healthier world” …
Diffusely Decreased Liver Uptake on FDG PET and Cancer-Associated Cachexia With Reduced Survival
Authors: Ryusuke Nakamoto, Chio Okuyama, Koichi Ishizu, Tatsuya Higashi, Masaaki Takahashi, Kuninori Kusano, Shinya Kagawa, Hiroshi Yamauchi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Objectives We investigated clinical characteristics of patients with extremely increased or decreased physiologic 18 F-FDG uptake of the liver and their prognosis. Methods One thousand four hundred eighty-seven PET/CT scans of patients with known or suspected malignancy were retrospectively analyzed. A spherical volume of interest (3 cm in diameter) was set on the right lobe of the liver to calculate the SUVmean. Scans with extremely high (SUVmean &gt;97.5th percentile) and low (SUVmean &lt;2.5th percentile) FDG uptake in the liver were evaluated. Physical and laboratory data among a control group (n = 30), the extremely high liver uptake group (HG, n = 36), and the extremely low liver uptake group (LG, n = 36) were compared. Overall survival (OS) of the 3 groups was also compared. Results Body weight and body mass index in the HG (SUVmean ≥3.04) were significantly higher than those in the control group. The LG cases (SUVmean ≤1.78) had anemia, impaired liver function, and systemic inflammation. They were also in a poor nutritional state. The characteristics of LG cases had many things in common with those of cachectic patients. Indeed, 36.1% of LG cases met the diagnostic criteria for cachexia. Moreover, in LG cases with viable and/or recurrent malignant lesions on FDG PET, the proportion of cachexia increased by 52.6%. The OS of LG cases (median, 33 months) was significantly worse than that of controls and HG cases. Conclusions Our data indicate that cancer patients with extremely decreased liver FDG uptake were likely to have cancer cachexia and a lower OS.
Climate change: swift action is needed to prevent millions of premature deaths, report warns
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2019)

An average temperature 2°C higher than pre-industrial levels would kill an extra 132 000 Europeans a year by the end of this century through direct heat related mortality, a collaboration of European science academies has warned.

A report by the European Academies’ Science Advisory Council,1 comprising the academies of science of the EU countries plus those of Norway and Switzerland, says that urgent action is imperative to protect human health.

Previous research has estimated that record heat in Europe in 2003 brought about 70 000 excess deaths,2 and the European Commission has warned of 90 000 excess heat fatalities a year by 2050 if no steps are taken to curb emissions.

But the academies’ report says that even such daunting numbers fail to account for frequently overlooked indirect health effects of higher …
DNA damage repair gene mutations and their association with tumor immune regulatory gene expression in muscle invasive bladder cancer subtypes
Authors: Thiago Vidotto, Sarah Nersesian, Charles Graham, D. Robert Siemens, Madhuri Koti
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2019)

Molecular subtyping of urothelial cancer (UC) has significantly advanced the understanding of bladder tumor heterogeneity and development of prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Evolving evidence across cancers strongly suggests that tumor immunoediting has a profound impact on the behaviour of cancer cells and their adaptation to the co-evolving microenvironment and response to treatment. In alignment with these concepts, recent immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies in UC have demonstrated the predictive potential of mutations in the DNA damage repair (DDR) genes. A comprehensive understanding of DDR gene inactivation associated expression of immune regulatory genes could thus aid in expansion of current immunotherapies and predictive biomarkers for the design of patient-tailored combination treatments.
Risk of Patients Developing Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder within the First Year after an Allogeneic Hemopoietic Stem Cell Transplant, 2011 to 2016: A US Claims Database Analysis
Authors: Arie Barlev, Hairong Xu, Nicole Fulcher, Crystal Watson, Ila Sruti, Akshay Sudhindra
Journal: Blood (2018)
Extracellular Vesicles from Albumin-Induced Tubular Epithelial Cells Promote the M1 Macrophage Phenotype by Targeting Klotho
Authors: Yijie Jia, Zongji Zheng, Meng Xue, Shuting Zhang, Fang Hu, Yang Li, Yanlin Yang, Meina Zou, Shuangshuang Li, Ling Wang, Meiping Guan, Yaoming Xue
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2019)

Albumin absorbed by renal tubular epithelial cells induces inflammation and plays a key role in promoting diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression. Macrophages are prominent inflammatory cells in the kidney, and their role there is dependent on their phenotypes. However, whether albuminuria influences macrophage phenotypes and underlying mechanisms during the development of DKD is still unclear. We found that M1 macrophage-related markers were increased in diabetes mellitus (DM) mouse renal tissues with the development of DKD, and coculture of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human serum albumin (HSA)-induced HK-2 cells with macrophages induced macrophage M1 polarization in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Through a bioinformatic analysis, miR-199a-5p was selected and found to be increased in EVs from HSA-induced HK-2 cells and in urinary EVs from DM patients with macroalbuminuria. Tail-vein injection of DM mice with EVs from HSA-induced HK-2 cells induced kidney macrophage M1 polarization and accelerated the progression of DKD through miR-199a-5p. miR-199a-5p exerted its effect by targeting Klotho, and Klotho induced macrophage M2 polarization through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway both in vivo and in vitro. In summary, miR-199a-5p from HSA-stimulated HK-2 cell-derived EVs induces M1 polarization by targeting the Klotho/TLR4 pathway and further accelerates the progression of DKD. Albumin absorbed by renal tubular epithelial cells induces inflammation and plays a key role in promoting diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression. Macrophages are prominent inflammatory cells in the kidney, and their role there is dependent on their phenotypes. However, whether albuminuria influences macrophage phenotypes and underlying mechanisms during the development of DKD is still unclear. We found that M1 macrophage-related markers were increased in diabetes mellitus (DM) mouse renal tissues with the development of DKD, and coculture of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human serum albumin (HSA)-induced HK-2 cells with macrophages induced macrophage M1 polarization in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Through a bioinformatic analysis, miR-199a-5p was selected and found to be increased in EVs from HSA-induced HK-2 cells and in urinary EVs from DM patients with macroalbuminuria. Tail-vein injection of DM mice with EVs from HSA-induced HK-2 cells induced kidney macrophage M1 polarization and accelerated the progression of DKD through miR-199a-5p. miR-199a-5p exerted its effect by targeting Klotho, and Klotho induced macrophage M2 polarization through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway both in vivo and in vitro. In summary, miR-199a-5p from HSA-stimulated HK-2 cell-derived EVs induces M1 polarization by targeting the Klotho/TLR4 pathway and further accelerates the progression of DKD.
Immunogenicity and skin clearance recapture in clinical studies of brodalumab
Authors: Jerry Bagel, Mark Lebwohl, Robert J. Israel, Abby Jacobson
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2019)

Antidrug antibodies (ADAs) may change pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic profiles of biologic therapies, potentially decreasing efficacy.To evaluate the potential effects of brodalumab immunogenicity on safety, efficacy, and retreatment.Data from 1 phase 2 and 3 phase 3 studies of brodalumab in psoriasis were analyzed.Overall, 2.7% of patients had positive test results for binding ADAs after receiving brodalumab; ADAs were transient in 1.4% of patients, and there were no neutralizing ADAs. Among ADA-positive patients, 60.0% (3/5) achieved a static physician's global assessment score of 0 or 1 at week 12 in the group receiving the brodalumab 210 mg every 2 weeks, compared with 79.1% (1131/1429) of ADA-negative patients. All patients (100%) who experienced return of disease and were retreated with brodalumab 210 mg every 2 weeks (none were ADA positive) achieved at least a 75% improvement in Psoriasis Area And Severity Index, ≥90% of whom regained response by week 8 of retreatment. Hypersensitivity reactions were less frequent with brodalumab than with placebo. Injection site reactions occurred in 1.8% of patients treated with brodalumab versus 2% of patients treated with ustekinumab.Retreatment could be assessed in only 1 phase 3 brodalumab study.Brodalumab compares favorably with other biologics in terms of immunogenicity and high rates of efficacy recapture upon retreatment.
Effect of pirfenidone on breathlessness in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Marilyn K. Glassberg, Marlies S. Wijsenbeek, Frank Gilberg, Ute Petzinger, Klaus-Uwe Kirchgaessler, Carlo Albera
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2019)

<b>New <i>post hoc</i> analysis of IPF clinical trials suggests that treatment with pirfenidone slows the worsening of patient-reported breathlessness over 12 months <i>versus</i> placebo in patients with more advanced disease (GAP stage II/III or FVC &lt;80%)</b>http://bit.ly/2yJyUVT
Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition with PD-1 blockade immunotherapy in BRAF-mutant melanoma
Authors: Antoni Ribas, Donald Lawrence, Victoria Atkinson, Sachin Agarwal, Wilson H. Miller, Matteo S. Carlino, Rosalie Fisher, Georgina V. Long, F. Stephen Hodi, Jennifer Tsoi, Catherine S. Grasso, Bijoyesh Mookerjee, Qing Zhao, Razi Ghori, Blanca Homet Moreno, Nageatte Ibrahim, Omid Hamid
Journal: Nature Medicine (2019)
Efficacy of live oral rotavirus vaccines by duration of follow-up: a meta-regression of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Andrew Clark, Kevin van Zandvoort, Stefan Flasche, Colin Sanderson, Julie Bines, Jacqueline Tate, Umesh Parashar, Mark Jit
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2019)

The duration of protection offered by rotavirus vaccines varies across the world, and this variation is important to understanding and predicting the effects of the vaccines. There is now a large body of evidence on the efficacy of live oral rotavirus vaccines in different settings, but these data have never been synthesised to obtain robust estimates of efficacy by duration of follow-up. Our aim is to estimate the efficacy of live oral rotavirus vaccines at each point during follow-up and by mortality stratum.