tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Analysis of pattern, time, and risk factors influencing recurrence in triple-negative breast cancer patients.
Authors: Anna Niwinska, Katarzyna Pogoda, Magdalena Murawska, Tadeusz Pienkowski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e11553 Background: The aim of the study was to assess the rate, pattern and time of recurrence in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treated in one institution. The second goal was to evaluate factors influencing recurrence and overall survival in this group of patients. Methods: 2534 consecutive breast cancer patients were diagnosed at the Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, Poland, between January 2005 and December 2006. Out of 2534 patients, 228 (9%) were TNBC (ER/PR/HER2-negative). The clinicopathological characteristics were determined using descriptive statistics. The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The univariate and multivariate analyses were developed to identify factors influencing recurrence and survival in TNBC patients. Results: Most of the patients were diagnosed with stage II or III breast cancer (47% and 34%, respectively), the median age at diagnosis was 54.5 years. The most common histological type was ductal cancer (81%). 31% of patients were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 49% with adjuvant chemotherapy – almost all consisted of anthracyclines. 6 years of observation revealed that the metastatic disease occurred in 35% of all TNBC patients: 15% in the brain, 14% in the lungs, 11% in the bones, 8% in the liver and 14% had locoregional relapse. The highest risk of recurrence was during the first 3 years after primary treatment and then during the next two years of observation it did not change. Median DFS and OS were not reached at the time of analysis, 6-year DFS and OS were 68% and 62%, respectively.Factors influencing recurrence were: tumor size and systemic adjuvant chemotherapy while factors influencing overall survival were: tumor size, nodal status, adjuvant/neoadjuvant treatment and metastases in the brain, liver and bones. Conclusions: Characteristic pattern of recurrence in time was revealed. The tumor size was responsible for recurrence despite lack of involvement of lymph nodes. Aggressive adjuvant/neoadjuvant treatment ordered in all clinical stages of TNBC (including N0) was factor responsible for avoiding local and distant relapse and prolonging overall survival.
Third-line systemic treatment versus supportive care for advanced/ metastatic gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Wing-lok Chan, Kwok-keung Yuen, Steven Wai-kwan Siu, Ka-On Lam, Dora Lai Wan Kwong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

e15527 Background: First-line then second-line palliative systemic treatment using chemotherapy or targeted therapy for metastatic gastric cancer (mGC) is already a standard. Physicians are now pushing forward for the third-line or even fourth-line therapies. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy, toxicities and quality of life (QOL) of third-line systemic treatment (TLT) vs. best supportive care (BSC) in mGC. Methods: A systematic review was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from January 1996 to October 2015. We included both published and unpublished randomised controlled trials testing TLT vs. BSC in histologically confirmed mGC patients who failed two lines of systemic therapies. No language restriction was imposed. Risk of bias was assessed regarding randomisation, allocation concealment, blinding, incomplete data outcome, selective outcome reporting, and other biases. Results: We included 5 trials involving 890 participants (TLT: 587, BSC: 303; Asian: 679, 76.3%), with median 53 - 61 years old. All participants had good PS ECOG 0-1 and no major co-morbidities. Compared with BSC, TLT showed improved overall survival (OS) (HR 0.63; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46-0.87, corresponding to an improvement in medial OS from 3.20 to 4.80 months), progression free survival (PFS) (HR 0.29; 95% CI 0.18-0.45), objective response rate (ORR) (RR 5.28; 95% CI 1.00-27.83) and disease control rate (DCR) (RR 4.51; 95% CI 2.64-7.71). Both all grades and high grade G3/4 adverse events were more common in the TLT arms. The results of QOL data from two studies were not statistically different. Conclusions: Although all efficacy outcomes were in favour of TLT, the meta-analyses for OS and PDS had large heterogeneity and the CIs of ORR and DCR were very wide. More toxicities occurred in the TLT arms. The recommendation of TLT to mGC is therefore considered as unclear. This review highlighted the paucity of QOL data. With no long term survival, future studies should focus more on
225Ac-PSMA-617 Radioligand Posttherapy Imaging in Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patient Using 3 Photopeaks
Authors: Rakhee Vatsa, Ashwani Sood, Shelvin Kumar Vadi, Chandan Krushna Das, Komalpreet Kaur, Madan Parmar, Bhagwant Rai Mittal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

PSMA-based radioligand therapies have shown the beneficial effect in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients when they become refectory to the established treatments with associated potential toxicities and high mortality rate. Ac-PSMA therapy is known to be remarkably effective in substantially pretreated mCRPC patients. However, posttherapy imaging is usually not performed as alpha emitters are really difficult to image. We presents a patient of mCRPC treated with Ac-PSMA-617, and his posttherapy whole-body scans acquired by using 3 different photopeaks (78, 218, and 440 keV) fairly demonstrated the tracer's distribution and the efficacy of targeted alpha therapy.
83. Cell_Type Specific Delivery of siRNAs with Aptamer_siRNA Chimeras
Authors: Paloma H. Giangrande, James O. McNamara, Eran Andrecheck, Eli Gilboa, Bruce A. Sullenger
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Technologies that mediate targeted delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are needed to improve their therapeutic efficacy and safety. Therefore, we have developed aptamer-siRNA chimeric RNAs capable of cell type‐specific binding and delivery of functional siRNAs into cells. The aptamer portion of the chimeras mediates binding to PSMA, a cell-surface receptor overexpressed in prostate cancer cells and tumor vascular endothelium, whereas the siRNA portion targets the expression of survival genes. When applied to cells expressing PSMA, these RNAs are internalized and processed by Dicer, resulting in depletion of the siRNA target proteins and cell death. In contrast, the chimeras do not bind to or function in cells that do not express PSMA. These reagents also specifically inhibit tumor growth and mediate tumor regression in a xenograft model of prostate cancer. These studies demonstrate an approach for targeted delivery of siRNAs with numerous potential applications, including cancer therapeutics.
MicroRNAs in Cancer
Authors: Ramiro Garzon, George A. Calin, Carlo M. Croce
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2009)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs with important functions in development, cell differentiation, and regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis. MiRNA expression is deregulated in cancer by a variety of mechanisms including amplification, deletion, mutation, and epigenetic silencing. Several studies have now shown that miRNAs are involved in the initiation and progression of cancer. In this review, we briefly describe miRNA biogenesis and discuss how miRNAs can act as oncogenes and tumor suppressors. We also address the role of miRNAs in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer.
Lower detection rates of SARS-COV2 antibodies in cancer patients versus health care workers after symptomatic COVID-19
Authors: M.L. Solodky, C. Galvez, B. Russias, P. Detourbet, V. N’Guyen-Bonin, A.-L. Herr, P. Zrounba, J.-Y. Blay
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
A novel vaccine candidate based on chimeric virus-like particle displaying multiple conserved epitope peptides induced neutralizing antibodies against EBV infection
Authors: Xiao Zhang, Bingchun Zhao, Mingmei Ding, Shuo Song, Yinfeng Kang, Yang Yu, Miao Xu, Tong Xiang, Ling Gao, Qisheng Feng, Qinjian Zhao, Mu-Sheng Zeng, Claude Krummenacher, Yi-Xin Zeng
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Rationale: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the causative pathogen for infectious mononucleosis and many kinds of malignancies including several lymphomas such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma and NK/T cell lymphoma as well as carcinomas such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBV-GC). However, to date no available prophylactic vaccine was launched to the market for clinical use. Methods: To develop a novel vaccine candidate to prevent EBV infection and diseases, we designed chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs) based on the hepatitis B core antigen (HBc149). Various VLPs were engineered to present combinations of three peptides derived from the receptor binding domain of EBV gp350. All the chimeric virus-like particles were injected into Balb/C mice for immunogenicity evaluation. Neutralizing titer of mice sera were detected using an in vitro cell model. Results: All chimeric HBc149 proteins self-assembled into VLPs with gp350 epitopes displayed on the surface of spherical particles. Interestingly, the different orders of the three epitopes in the chimeric proteins induced different immune responses in mice. Two constructs (149-3A and 149-3B) induced high serum titer against the receptor-binding domain of gp350. Most importantly, these two VLPs elicited neutralizing antibodies in immunized mice, which efficiently blocked EBV infection in cell culture. Competition analysis showed that sera from these mice contained antibodies to a major neutralizing epitope recognized by the strong neutralizing mAb 72A1. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that HBc149 chimeric VLPs provide a valuable platform to present EBV gp350 antigens and offer a robust basis for the development of peptide-based candidate vaccines against EBV.
RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS AND CANCERS
Authors: Dianne Robert Soprano, Pu Qin, Kenneth J. Soprano
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2004)

Studies utilizing experimental animals, epidemiological approaches, cellular models, and clinical trials all provide evidence that retinoic acid and some of its synthetic derivatives (retinoids) are useful pharmacological agents in cancer therapy and prevention. In this chapter, we first review the current knowledge of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and their role in mediating the actions of retinoic acid. We then focus on a discussion of RARalpha and acute promyelocytic leukemia followed by a discussion of the role of RARs, in particular RARbeta expression, in other cancer types. Loss of normal RAR function in the presence of physiological levels of RA (either due to alterations in the protein structure or level of expression) is associated with a variety of different cancers. In some cases treatment with pharmacological doses of RA can be effective.
The price of being a doctor during the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Nicola Imperatore, Antonio Rispo, Giovanni Lombardi
Journal: Gut (2020)

The last 4 months have radically changed the world: the novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2,1 is determining probably the most dramatic health and human crisis that every human being can remember: collapsed hospitals, arrested economy, and above all broken lives. But some of these lives have been destroyed by a passion, a mission: being a doctor, even in the time of COVID-19. Thousands of doctors have been infected during the outbreak, and many of them died attempting to save others. Every where men, women, more or less young, each of them honoured being a doctor until their last breath. Until the end of March, China, the first country affected by SARS-CoV-2, experienced 23 healthcare workers’ death.2 In Italy, 127 doctors …
Abstract 16177: Deep Learning to Detect Atrial Fibrillation From Short Noisy ECG Segments Measured With Wireless Sensors
Authors: Matteo Gadaleta, Michele Rossi, Steven R Steinhubl, Giorgio Quer
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common serious abnormal heart rhythm, affecting 34M people worldwide. A range of wireless sensors can help detect AF, but the classification of sh...
The Role Of Multidisciplinary Team Comanagement of the Surgical Patient—It Takes A Village
Authors: Aditi Kashikar, Shipra Arya
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Margaret Shaw, PhD, MBBS(Hons); Anita M. Pelecanos, BHSc(Hons), BSc(Hons); Alison M. Mudge, PhD, MBBS(Hons)
Insurance Status as a Surrogate for Social Determinants of Health in Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Rebecca A. Snyder, George J. Chang
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Joseph M. Unger, PhD; Charles D. Blanke, MD; Michael LeBlanc, PhD; William E. Barlow, PhD; Riha Vaidya, PhD; Scott D. Ramsey, MD; Dawn L. Hershman, MD, MS
Transcriptional Control of Circadian Rhythms and Metabolism: A Matter of Time and Space
Authors: Yong Hoon Kim, Mitchell A Lazar
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2020)

All biological processes, living organisms, and ecosystems have evolved with the Sun that confers a 24-hour periodicity to life on Earth. Circadian rhythms arose from evolutionary needs to maximize daily organismal fitness by enabling organisms to mount anticipatory and adaptive responses to recurrent light-dark cycles and associated environmental changes. The clock is a conserved feature in nearly all forms of life, ranging from prokaryotes to virtually every cell of multicellular eukaryotes. The mammalian clock comprises transcription factors interlocked in negative feedback loops, which generate circadian expression of genes that coordinate rhythmic physiology. In this review, we highlight previous and recent studies that have advanced our understanding of the transcriptional architecture of the mammalian clock, with a specific focus on epigenetic mechanisms, transcriptomics, and 3-dimensional chromatin architecture. In addition, we discuss reciprocal ways in which the clock and metabolism regulate each other to generate metabolic rhythms. We also highlight implications of circadian biology in human health, ranging from genetic and environment disruptions of the clock to novel therapeutic opportunities for circadian medicine. Finally, we explore remaining fundamental questions and future challenges to advancing the field forward.
Clinical application of three-dimensional echocardiographic laser stereolithography: Effect of leaflet funnel geometry on the coefficient of orifice contraction, pressure loss and the Gorlin formula in aortic stenosis
Authors: Dan Gilon, Edward G. Cape, Mark D. Handschumacher, Charles Sears, Joan Solheim, Michael VanAuker, Mary Etta E. King, Arthur E. Weyman, Robert A. Levine
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Development and validation of serological markers for detecting recent Plasmodium vivax infection
Authors: Rhea J. Longley, Michael T. White, Eizo Takashima, Jessica Brewster, Masayuki Morita, Matthias Harbers, Thomas Obadia, Leanne J. Robinson, Fumie Matsuura, Zoe S. J. Liu, Connie S. N. Li-Wai-Suen, Wai-Hong Tham, Julie Healer, Christele Huon, Chetan E. Chitnis, Wang Nguitragool, Wuelton Monteiro, Carla Proietti, Denise L. Doolan, Andre M. Siqueira, Xavier C. Ding, Iveth J. Gonzalez, James Kazura, Marcus Lacerda, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Takafumi Tsuboi, Ivo Mueller
Journal: Nature Medicine (2020)
What Is Mohs Surgery?
Authors: Jeremy R. Etzkorn, Murad Alam
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2020)

What Is Mohs Surgery?Mohs surgery is a specialized type of surgery used to remove both common (ie, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma) and rare skin cancers.Mohs is the last name of the person who invented the technique: Frederic Mohs, MD.Mohs surgery is highly effective at removing skin cancer because the edges of the removed cancer tissue are checked much more thoroughly under the microscope than with regular surgery.In addition to being effective, the Mohs procedure allows the surgeon to leave behind normal skin and remove less healthy tissue.Mohs surgery is not necessary for all skin cancers, but it is useful when: 1.The location of the skin cancer is near areas that are important for daily activities, like the fingers, or for appearance, like the nose; 2. Earlier treatments have not worked; 3. A tumor is large; and 4. Regular surgery is less likely to remove the cancer.Mohs surgery is usually done with the patient awake.The tumor and the skin around it are numbed with injections of anesthesia.The Mohs surgeon removes the skin cancer that can be seen with the naked eye and takes it to a laboratory nearby.After the laboratory makes microscope slides with the removed skin cancer tissue, the Mohs surgeon looks under the microscope to check for any cancer cells left along the edges of the tissue.The microscope can help the surgeon find cancer that is small, hidden, or deep under the skin.If more cancer is found, the surgeon then removes more tissue along the sides or deep edge where the cancer is still present.This tissue is again processed by the laboratory and rechecked under the microscope by the Mohs surgeon.The process continues until all of the cancer is cut out.Because it is not possible to know how many tries it will take to remove the entire tumor, patients should be prepared to be at the dermatology clinic or medical center for the entire day.However, most procedures take just a few hours (Video).After all of the cancer is removed, the Mohs surgeon will talk with the patient about different ways to fix the wound.The wound can be left to heal on its own, can be stitched closed in a straight line, or may require a more complicated surgical procedure.Often the wound is closed the same day by the Mohs surgeon, but sometimes it is repaired by another surgeon on the same day or a different day.The surgeon who fixes the wound provides instructions on how to take care of it at home.
Androgen-deprivation therapies for prostate cancer and risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2: a population-based study (N = 4532)
Authors: M. Montopoli, S. Zumerle, R. Vettor, M. Rugge, M. Zorzi, C.V. Catapano, G.M. Carbone, A. Cavalli, F. Pagano, E. Ragazzi, T. Prayer-Galetti, A. Alimonti
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
The Relation of Aspirin Use during the First Trimester of Pregnancy to Congenital Cardiac Defects
Authors: Martha M. Werler, Allen A. Mitchell, Samuel Shapiro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

It has been hypothesized that the ingestion of aspirin by women during pregnancy increases their infants' risk of certain congenital heart defects. Using data from a large program of case-control surveillance of congenital malformations, we evaluated this hypothesis. The case groups were made up of infants with any structural cardiac defect (n = 1381) and five selected cardiac defects (the subgroups were not mutually exclusive): aortic stenosis (n = 43), coarctation of the aorta (n = 123), hypoplastic left ventricle (n = 98), transposition of the great arteries (n = 210), and conotruncal defects (n = 791). First-trimester aspirin use among the mothers of these infants was compared with that among the mothers of a control group of infants with other malformations (n = 6966). The prevalence of any maternal aspirin use was similar for cases (25 to 33 percent) and controls (27 percent). The relative risks (and 95 percent confidence interval) among infants whose mothers were aspirin users as compared with those whose mothers did not use aspirin, adjusted for potential confounding factors, were 0.9 (0.8 to 1.1) for any cardiac defect, 1.2 (0.6 to 2.3) for aortic stenosis, 1.0 (0.6 to 1.4) for coarctation, 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4) for hypoplastic left ventricle, 0.9 (0.6 to 1.2) for transposition of the great arteries, and 1.0 (0.8 to 1.2) for conotruncal defects. Furthermore, no dose–effect pattern was identified. The findings of this study indicate that aspirin use during the first trimester of pregnancy does not increase the risk of congenital heart defects in relation to that of other structural malformations. (N Engl J Med 1989; 321:1639–42.)
P0856 : Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir with ribavirin (RBV) has mild impact on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) compared with placebo during 12-week treatment in treatment-experienced adults with chronic hepatitis C (CHC)
Authors: Y. Liu, L. Larsen, M. Bourliere, R. Baran, T. Juday
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
A Pilot Study of the Feasibility and Accuracy of Inpatient Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Bala G. Nair, E. Patchen Dellinger, David R. Flum, G. Alec Rooke, Irl B. Hirsch
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

There are minimal data assessing the accuracy or use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in hospitalized patients. Our group was interested in its use in the perioperative period, since we suspect we would identify more extremes and thus more dangerous blood glucose levels than seen with traditional bedside blood glucose monitoring. Given the lack of data for CGM use in hospitalized patients, and the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we felt this is a critical time to share our data. Use of CGM could potentially reduce the number of health care provider contacts and use of personal protective equipment.

Eligible patients were adults (age ≥18 years) with diabetes who used intermittent home blood glucose monitoring and who were scheduled to undergo an elective general surgery at University of Washington Medical Center. The study protocol was approved by the University of Washington Institutional Review Board. The study was also registered as a clinical trial.

Continuous intravenous insulin infusion was used per hospital algorithm (target blood glucose 100 mg/dL [5.6 mmol/L] to 180 mg/dL [10.0 mmol/L]) until oral consumption was resumed, at which time subcutaneous insulin was initiated. This …
Role of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors in Childhood: Results of the Prospective German Brain Tumor Trials HIT 88/89 and 91
Authors: Beate Timmermann, Rolf-Dieter Kortmann, Joachim Kühl, Christoph Meisner, Karin Dieckmann, Torsten Pietsch, Michael Bamberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome of children with supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors after surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy and to identify factors predictive for survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-three children in the prospective trials HIT 88/89 and HIT 91 were eligible. Complete resection was performed in 21 patients. Patients were randomized for preirradiation chemotherapy, consisting of two cycles of ifosfamide, etoposide, methotrexate, cisplatin, and cytarabine (n = 40), or chemotherapy after irradiation, consisting of eight cycles with cisplatin, vincristine, and lomustine (n = 23). Irradiation volume was recommended to encompass the neuraxis with 35.2-Gy total dose followed by a boost (20.0 Gy) to the primary tumor site (n = 54). Seven patients were irradiated to the tumor region only with a total dose of 54.0 Gy. RESULTS: Overall survival at 3 years was 48.4%. Progression occurred in 38 children, with local recurrences in 27 patients. The only significant prognostic factor was dose and volume of radiotherapy (progression-free survival after 3 years was 49.3% with correct treatment compared with 6.7% for 15 children with major violations of radiotherapy). Ten early progressions occurred during adjuvant therapy (eight before and two during radiotherapy), nine of them treated with preirradiation chemotherapy. There was a positive trend in outcome for nonmetastatic and pineal tumors. CONCLUSION: Significant predictive factors were dose and volume of radiotherapy. Volume of irradiation should encompass the whole CNS with additional boost to the tumor region. Local doses of at least 54 Gy and a craniospinal dose of 35 Gy are necessary. Preirradiation chemotherapy seems to increase risk of early progression.