tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 258: The Effect of Chest Compression Location on Cerebral Oxygenation
Authors: Jeffrey R Gould, Joshua W Lampe, Lyra Clark, Karen L Moodie, Jonathan T Elliott, Norman A Paradis
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: This study examined the effect of guideline-compliant compressions performed on two locations of the chest on changes in cerebral oxygenation as measured by NIRS. We hypothesized that compressions performed over the left ventricle (LV) would produce higher levels of cerebral oxygenation than over the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) despite both types of compressions being within recommended guidelines. Methods: LV and LVOT compression locations were identified on the chest using trans-esophageal ultrasound in 9 domestic swine. Following 6 minutes of untreated VF, 1-inch mechanical compressions were initiated at 100 cpm and depth was increased to 2 inches over the course of 1 min. Four 2-min periods of compressions were then performed alternating between the two chest locations, with periods separated by a 10 second pause. Animals were block randomized to start with either LV or LVOT locations. Following the fourth round of compressions, epinephrine was administered followed by up to three defibrillation attempts. Changes in cerebral oxygenation were quantified using the slope of the NIRS signal during each 2-min compression period. One animal was excluded from the analysis due to a ruptured right atrium during the first round of compressions. Results: The mean increase in the cerebral oxygenation signal was 1.8% units (95% CI: 0.9-2.7) during each 2-min period of LV compressions and 1.4% units (95% CI: 0.3 - 2.5) during LVOT compressions. Five out of nine animals achieved ROSC. The mean increase for animals that achieved ROSC was 2.4% units (95% CI: 1.2 - 3.6) during LV compressions and 2.1% units (95 CI: 0.64 - 3.6) during LVOT compressions. For those that did not achieve ROSC, the increase was 0.98% units (95% CI: -0.83 - 2.8) during LV compressions and -0.28 (95% CI: -1.6 - 1.1) during LVOT compressions. Conclusions: There does not appear to be an effect of chest compression location on cerebral oxygenation during mechanical CPR. However, increases in cerebral oxygenation appear to be greater in animals that achieved ROSC. Monitoring changes in cerebral oxygenation over a period of CPR may serve as an index of chest compression effectiveness.
Assessing National Trends and Disparities in Ambulatory, Emergency Department, and Inpatient Visits for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the United States (2005–2016)
Authors: Christopher Ma, Matthew K. Smith, Leonardo Guizzetti, Remo Panaccione, Gilaad G. Kaplan, Kerri L. Novak, Cathy Lu, Reena Khanna, Brian G. Feagan, Siddharth Singh, Vipul Jairath, Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)
<i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Pediococcus</i> ameliorate progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through modulation of the gut microbiome
Authors: Na Young Lee, Sang Jun Yoon, Dae Hee Han, Haripriya Gupta, Gi Soo Youn, Min Jea Shin, Young Lim Ham, Min Jung Kwak, Byung Yong Kim, Jeong Seok Yu, Do Yup Lee, Tae-Sik Park, Si-Hyun Park, Byoung Kook Kim, Hyun Chae Joung, In Suk Choi, Ji Taek Hong, Dong Joon Kim, Sang Hak Han, Ki Tae Suk
Journal: Gut Microbes (2020)

Targeting the gut-liver axis by modulating the gut-microbiome can be a promising therapeutic approach in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of single species and a combination of Lactobacillus and Pediococcus in NAFLD mice model. Six-week male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 9 groups (n = 10/group; normal, Western diet, and 7 Western diet-strains [109 CFU/g, 8 weeks]). The strains used were L. bulgaricus, L. casei, L. helveticus, P. pentosaceus KID7, and three combinations (1: L. casei+L. helveticus, 2: L. casei+L. helveticus+P. pentosaceus KID7, and 3: L. casei+L. helveticus+L. bulgaricus). Liver/Body weight ratio, serum and stool analysis, liver pathology, and metagenomics by 16S rRNA-sequencing were examined. In the liver/body ratio, L. bulgaricus (5.1 ± 0.5), L. helveticus (5.2 ± 0.4), P. pentosaceus KID7 (5.5 ± 0.5), and combination1 and 2 (4.2 ± 0.6 and 4.8 ± 0.7) showed significant reductions compared with Western (6.2 ± 0.6)(p < 0.001). In terms of cholesterol and steatosis/inflammation/NAFLD activity, all groups except for L. casei were associated with an improvement (p < .05). The elevated level of tumor necrosis factor-α/interleukin-1β (pg/ml) in Western (65.8 ± 7.9/163.8 ± 12.2) was found to be significantly reduced in L. bulgaricus (24.2 ± 1.0/58.9 ± 15.3), L. casei (35.6 ± 2.1/62.9 ± 6.0), L. helveticus (43.4 ± 3.2/53.6 ± 7.5), and P. pentosaceus KID7 (22.9 ± 3.4/59.7 ± 12.2)(p < 0.01). Cytokines were improved in the combination groups. In metagenomics, each strains revealed a different composition and elevated Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the western (47.1) was decreased in L. bulgaricus (14.5), L. helveticus (3.0), and P. pentosaceus KID7 (13.3). L. bulgaricus, L. casei, L. helveticus, and P. pentosaceus KID7 supplementation can improve NAFLD-progression by modulating gut-microbiome and inflammatory pathway.
Near-Death Experience as a Probe to Explore (Disconnected) Consciousness
Authors: Charlotte Martial, Héléna Cassol, Steven Laureys, Olivia Gosseries
Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences (2020)

Forty-five years ago, the first evidence of near-death experience (NDE) during comatose state was provided, setting the stage for a new paradigm for studying the neural basis of consciousness in unresponsive states. At present, the state of consciousness associated with NDEs remains an open question. In the common view, consciousness is said to disappear in a coma with the brain shutting down, but this is an oversimplification. We argue that a novel framework distinguishing awareness, wakefulness, and connectedness is needed to comprehend the phenomenon. Classical NDEs correspond to internal awareness experienced in unresponsive conditions, thereby corresponding to an episode of disconnected consciousness. Our proposal suggests new directions for NDE research, and more broadly, consciousness science.
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>and its IgE-inducing enterotoxins in asthma: current knowledge
Authors: Claus Bachert, Marc Humbert, Nicola A. Hanania, Nan Zhang, Stephen Holgate, Roland Buhl, Barbara M. Bröker
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

While immunoglobulin (Ig) E is a prominent biomarker for early-onset, its levels are often elevated in non-allergic late-onset asthma. However, the pattern of IgE expression in the latter is mostly polyclonal, with specific IgEs low or below detection level albeit with an increased total IgE. In late-onset severe asthma patients, specific IgE to Staphylococcal enterotoxins (se-IgE) can frequently be detected in serum, and has been associated with asthma, with severe asthma defined by hospitalisations, oral steroid use and decrease in lung function. Recently, se-IgE was demonstrated to even predict the development into severe asthma with exacerbations over the next decade. Staphylococcus aureus manipulates the airway mucosal immunology at various levels via its proteins, including superantigens, serine-protease-like proteins (Spls), or protein A (SpA) and possibly others. Release of IL-33 from respiratory epithelium and activation of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) via its receptor ST2, type 2 cytokine release from those ILCs and T helper (Th) 2 cells, mast cell degranulation, massive local B-cell activation and IgE formation, and finally eosinophil attraction with consequent release of extracellular traps, adding to the epithelial damage and contributing to disease persistence via formation of Charcot-Leyden crystals are the most prominent hallmarks of the manipulation of the mucosal immunity by S. aureus In summary, S. aureus claims a prominent role in the orchestration of severe airway inflammation and in current and future disease severity. In this review, we discuss current knowledge in this field and outline the needs for future research to fully understand the impact of S. aureus and its proteins on asthma.
A07 The Genomic Landscape of SMARCA4 Alterations and Association with Patient Outcomes in Lung Cancer
Authors: A.J. Schoenfeld, J. Montecalvo, A. Namakydoust, J. Lavery, C. Bandlamudi, H. Rizvi, S. Paul, M. Arcila, J. Chang, J. Sauter, A. Beras, M. Ladanyi, B. Taylor, M. Donoghue, G. Heller, M. Hellmann, N. Rekhtman, G. Riely
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2020)
Wake-up call: 10 years remaining to address inequalities on right to health for all
Authors: Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Henrietta Fore, Natalia Kanem, Winnie Byanyima, Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, Annette Dixon
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The millennium development goals sought to create a global movement to achieve targets in key areas of health and development. The problem is, we failed to reach most of them.1 Among those missed were important health related targets: reductions in undernutrition, mortality in children under 5, maternal mortality, and incidence of HIV, malaria, and tuberculosis as well as improvements in reproductive health. Inequalities between women and men and uneven progress between wealthy and poor populations largely account for the failure.

The sustainable development goals (SDGs) provide a second opportunity to improve health outcomes around the globe.2 If current trends persist, however, we will miss the mark again. For example, although we have achieved progress in reducing under 5, neonatal, and maternal mortality in the past two decades, in recent years maternal mortality has been stagnant in many high burden countries and neonatal mortality has declined at a slower pace.34

The BMJ and BMJ Global Health collection Leaving No One Behind (www.bmj.com/leaving-no-one-behind) shows the improvements we have made in expanding the coverage of key interventions in sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health and highlights our ongoing challenges. For example, progress has slowed in immunisation and the treatment of childhood illnesses such as pneumonia and diarrhoea, and little progress has been made on curbing gender based violence. An overall lack of data is a further barrier, inhibiting our ability to make evidence based investments in healthcare systems.

Although delivery of these key health interventions is largely based on improving primary healthcare services, overall we are still far behind our …
B11 Accurate Detection of METex14 Mutations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with Comprehensive Genomic Sequencing: Results from the GEOMETRY Mono-1 Study
Authors: R.S. Heist, E.B. Garon, D.S.W. Tan, H.J.M. Groen, T. Seto, E.F. Smit, N. Nwana, L. Fairchild, A. Balbin, M. Yan, I. Wang, M. Giovannini, B. Sankaran, J. Wolf
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2020)
A09 Transcriptional Subtypes Resolve Tumor Heterogeneity and Identify Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Lung Cancer
Authors: A. Daemen, J.E. Cooper, S. Myrta, M. Wongchenko, E. Lin, J.E. Long, O. Foreman, Z. Modrusan, J. Tremayne, C. de la Cruz, M. Merchant, S.E. Martin, Y. Yan, M.R. Junttila
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2020)
Outcome and molecular landscape of patients with PIK3CA-mutated metastatic breast cancer
Authors: F. Mosele, B. Stefanovska, A. Lusque, A. Tran Dien, I. Garberis, N. Droin, C. Le Tourneau, M.-P. Sablin, L. Lacroix, D. Enrico, I. Miran, C. Jovelet, I. Bièche, J.-C. Soria, F. Bertucci, H. Bonnefoi, M. Campone, F. Dalenc, T. Bachelot, A. Jacquet, M. Jimenez, F. André
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
B06 Time-Resolved RNA-Seq Identifies Transient Gene Expression Changes Following Initial Chemotherapy Challenge in Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: D.W. Shia, V. Vuong, E. Pecora, N. Balanis, P. Vijayaraj, C. Sen, C.J. Aros, T. Rickabaugh, T. Graeber, B. Gomperts
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2020)
Rotavirus Vaccination and Type 1 Diabetes Risk Among US Children With Commercial Insurance
Authors: Rachel M. Burke, Jacqueline E. Tate, Rebecca M. Dahl, Sharon Saydah, Giuseppina Imperatore, Edward W. Gregg, Umesh D. Parashar
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

Rotavirus Vaccination and Type 1 Diabetes Risk Among US Children With Commercial InsuranceRotavirus may precipitate type 1 diabetes (T1D). 1,2Thus, rotavirus vaccination may be associated with T1D.For example, incidence of T1D in Australian children younger than 5 years declined after rotavirus vaccine introduction. 3However, 2 Finnish studies 4,5 showed no association of rotavirus vaccination with T1D risk in children 10 years and younger, although statistical power in these studies was limited.We compared T1D risk by rotavirus vaccination status among US children with commercial insurance.Methods | Data for January 2006 through December 2017 were analyzed from the IBM MarketScan Commercial Database (formerly known as the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database), which contains deidentified data from more than 20 million individuals in employersponsored commercial health insurance plans.Because all data were fully deidentified and no interaction occurred with humans, this analysis was deemed exempt from review and informed consent by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention institutional review board.Children were included if they were age eligible to receive rotavirus vaccine (with a birthdate of January 1, 2006, or later) and continuously enrolled in their insurance plan from birth.Current Procedural
SMART Markers: collecting patient-generated health data as a standardized property of health information technology
Authors: Raheel Sayeed, Daniel Gottlieb, Kenneth D. Mandl
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2020)

A patient-centered health system needs precise computable measurements to derive value. While validated patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are increasingly used in trials, their adoption in care remains limited and generally separated from the medical record. Further, absence of systematic processes for patient-led data submission excludes valuable data from digital devices that can potentially aid in contextualizing health status. With prior experience in developing apps for the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), we sought to make collecting patient-generated health data (PGHD) a fundamental property of health information technology at scale, and in an interoperable, standards-compliant fashion. We build upon the open SMART on FHIR (Fast Health Interoperability Resources) specification to create SMART Markers-a mobile device software framework encapsulating functionality needed for rapid deployment of both patient- and practitioner-facing PGHD apps. We refactored previously developed PROMIS apps to use SMART Markers for handling PGHD-request creation, on-device administration, and generation of a variety of PGHD types and submission of results to a FHIR server. Validation and conformance tests were performed on the generated output and app-reusability was demonstrated across two demo servers. App developers can import SMART Markers into their existing or new apps to readily leverage an interoperable PGHD capturing functionality out of the box, without having to reinvent the wheel. Our approach enables the creation of health system integrated, context-specific experiences for both patients and practitioners.
A Randomized, Single Center Phase II Trial of Capecitabine Plus Cisplatin versus TS-1 Plus Cisplatin as First Line Treatment in Patients with advanced or Metastatic Gastric Cancer
Authors: J. Lee, S.Y. Roh, E. Jeon, S.H. Hong, Y.H. Ko, H.S. Won, H.J. An, K.W. Park, J.H. Kim, Y.S. Hong
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Abstract 13130: Age-associated Reductions in Junctophilin-2 and Amphiphysin-2 Associate With Disruption of T-tubules and Intracellular Calcium Regulation in Myocytes From the Mouse Left Ventricle
Authors: Lih-Tyng Cheah, Matthew K Lancaster
Journal: Circulation (2015)

With progressive aging cardiac contractile performance declines. Our hypothesis was that this dysfunction is contributed to by aging-related ultra structural changes in cardiac myocytes. Single myocytes were obtained from the left ventricle of male C57Bl6 mice at the ages of 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, covering the majority of the lifespan. Di-8-Anepps labelling was used to visualize membrane structures, and whole-cell patch clamp to assess membrane capacitance. An age-correlated hypertrophy was evident. Cell width increased by a total of 41.4±0.3% (mean±SD) and cell length by 20.3±0.2% across the age range studied (n=82 cells from 7 hearts at each age, p&lt;0.01 by ANOVA) indicating progressive concentric and eccentric hypertrophy. Accompanying this an 18.4±2.5% reduction in T-tubule density was identified between the ages of 6 and 24 months (p&lt;0.01), despite a 36±18% rise in cell capacitance. At the microstructure level T-tubule arrangement also changed with transverse-orientated T-tubules falling 39±11%, whilst longitudinal T-tubules increased 9±4% (6 vs. 24 months, p&lt;0.01 in each case). Accompanying this remodeling western blot analysis found amphiphysin-2, involved in T-tubule formation, and, junctophilin-2, key for associating sarcoendoplasmic reticulum with T-tubules, were both significantly reduced in left ventricular tissue at 24 months of age by 63±17% and 57±18% respectively compared with tissue from animals at 6 months (both p&lt;0.01, n=7). Functionally time to peak of the calcium transient in field-stimulated myocytes, was prolonged by 36±12% in myocytes from animals at 24 months compared with that observed in cells from 6 month old animals (n=7 cells from 6 animals at each age p=0.01, by ANOVA). In localized regions of individual myocytes from aged animals reduced T-tubule density associated with even greater localized delays in the rise of the transient. Overall there was greater heterogeneity in the calcium rise across myocytes from aged animals compared with the essentially synchronous rise seen in those from young (6 month) animals. In conclusion aging associates with myocyte hypertrophy and T-tubule disruption, in turn associating with disruption of cellular calcium control.
Adverse Events, Radiation Exposure, and Reinterventions Following Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement
Authors: Bryan H. Goldstein, Lisa Bergersen, Aimee K. Armstrong, Brian A. Boe, Howaida El-Said, Diego Porras, Shabana Shahanavaz, Ryan A. Leahy, Jacqueline Kreutzer, Jeffrey D. Zampi, Michael R. Hainstock, Todd M. Gudausky, George T. Nicholson, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Andrea Goodman, Christopher J. Petit
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Is Early-Life Antibiotic Exposure Associated With Obesity in Children?
Authors: Meghan B. Azad, Arthur Owora
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Karen S. W. Leong, MD; Jessica McLay, MSc; José G. B. Derraik, PhD; Sheree Gibb, PhD; Nichola Shackleton, PhD; Rachael W. Taylor, PhD; Marewa Glover, PhD; Rick Audas, PhD; Barry Taylor, MBChB; Barry J. Milne, PhD; Wayne S. Cutfield, MD
Toll-like receptor 4 is a therapeutic target for prevention and treatment of liver failure
Authors: Cornelius Engelmann, Mohammed Sheikh, Shreya Sharma, Takayuki Kondo, Henry Loeffler-Wirth, Yu Bao Zheng, Simone Novelli, Andrew Hall, Annarein J.C. Kerbert, Jane Macnaughtan, Rajeshwar Mookerjee, Abeba Habtesion, Nathan Davies, Tauhid Ali, Saurabh Gupta, Fausto Andreola, Rajiv Jalan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
US Organ Donation Policy—Reply
Authors: Alexandra Glazier, Thomas Mone
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An Atlas of Ophthalmoscopy, With an Introduction to the Use of the Ophthalmoscope.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Underglycosylated prion protein modulates plaque formation in the brain
Authors: Jason C. Bartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

The prion agent is unique in biology and is comprised of prion protein scrapie (PrPSc), a self-templating conformational variant of the host encoded prion protein cellular (PrPC). The deposition patterns of PrPSc in the CNS can vary considerably from a diffuse synaptic pattern to large plaque-like aggregates. Alterations of PrPC posttranslational processing can change PrPSc deposition patterns; however, the mechanism underlying these observations is unclear. In this issue of the JCI, Sevillano and authors determined that parenchymal PrPSc plaques of the mouse brain preferentially incorporated underglycosylated PrPC that had been liberated from the cell surface by the metalloproteinase, ADAM-10, in combination with heparan sulfate. These results provide mechanistic insight into the formation of PrPSc plaques and suggest that PrP posttranslational modifications direct pathogenicity as well as the rate of disease progression.
Case 3-2020: A 44-Year-Old Man with Weight Loss, Diarrhea, and Abdominal Pain
Authors: Robert C. Lowe, Jacqueline N. Chu, Theodore T. Pierce, Ana A. Weil, John A. Branda
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

A 44-year-old man from the Caribbean was evaluated at the hospital because of diarrhea, weight loss, and abdominal pain. Fever and headache had led to lumbar puncture at another hospital; the cerebrospinal fluid had contained 1306 white cells per microliter, of which 83% were neutrophils. Additional diagnostic tests were performed.