Abstract 2684: Identification of 14 novel genetic loci for testicular germ cell tumor susceptibility
Authors: Louise C. Pyle, John Pluta, Kevin T. Nead, Nandita Mitra, Javier Benitez, D. Timothy Bishop, Victoria Cortessis, Alberto Ferlin, Jourik Gietema, Mark Greene, Tom Grotmol, Ramneek Gupta, Rob Hamilton, Michelle A. Hildebrandt, Trine B. Haugen, Lambertus Kiemeney, Christian Kubisch, Davor Lessel, Paloma Martin, Thorunn Rafnar, Lorenzo Richiardi, Rolf Skotheim, Clare Turnbull, Fredrik Wiklund, Tongzhang Zheng, Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts, Stephen M. Schwartz, Katherine A. McGlynn, Peter A. Kanetsky, Katherine L. Nathanson
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are ideally suited to agnostic genome-wide association methods because of their known high heritability and homogeneous cell of origin. Here we report the most updated results from the international Testicular Cancer Consortium (TECAC) that extends published findings from our recent meta-analysis, which included 3,558 cases and 13,970 controls from five centers. To these existing samples, we added summary statistics from 300 cases and 151,991 controls provided by deCODE combined with imputed genotypes from an additional 5,602 cases and 5,006 controls assembled from 15 TECAC centers, almost all (97%) of which were centrally genotyped using the Illumina Human Core array. A total of 9,458 TGCT cases were included in our current meta-analysis, representing a 66% increase since our last publication. We identified 14 new and confirmed 41 previously reported loci that surpassed genome-wide significance (5 × 10-8). Fifteen previously reported loci did not reach this threshold, although one did so in subgroup analysis. In addition, 57 new loci attained nominal significance (5 × 10-8 ≤ p ≤ 1 × 10-5). As expected, a substantial proportion of top hits continue to map to genetic regions belonging to biological pathways essential to male germ cell development, sex determination, and chromosomal segregation. For example, newly identified genes include anaphase promoting complex subunit 2 (ANAPC2), BCL2 like 11 (BCL211), anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2 (AMHR2), and DEP domain containing mTOR interacting protein (DEPTOR). Our findings also further implicate genes located on the X chromosome, specifically the androgen receptor (AR). In analyses stratified by tumor subtype, we identified GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA4) as a susceptibility locus among men diagnosed with seminoma. Despite a similar effect size observed among men diagnosed solely with non-seminoma (i.e. excluding cases with a mixture of both seminoma and non-seminoma tumors), this marker did not surpass genome-wide significance in this subtype likely because of the smaller case sample size. GATA4 previously has been associated with overall risk of TGCT (Litchfield et al., Nat Genet. 2017). Biological mechanisms for all genome-wide significant loci are currently being explored using publicly available data sets, ATAC-seq of four TGCT cell lines, and SPATIaL-Seq (a novel high-resolution chromatin conformation capture (3C) assay) of the NTERA2 pluripotent human embryonal carcinoma cell line. Additional genotyping of top hits in an independent sample set of 1,103 TGCT cases and 1,210 controls is currently ongoing. Citation Format: Louise C. Pyle, John Pluta, Kevin T. Nead, Nandita Mitra, Javier Benitez, D. Timothy Bishop, Victoria Cortessis, Alberto Ferlin, Jourik Gietema, Mark Greene, Tom Grotmol, Ramneek Gupta, Rob Hamilton, Michelle A. Hildebrandt, Trine B. Haugen, Lambertus Kiemeney, Christian Kubisch, Davor Lessel, Paloma Martin, Thorunn Rafnar, Lorenzo Richiardi, Rolf Skotheim, Clare Turnbull, Fredrik Wiklund, Tongzhang Zheng, Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts, Stephen M. Schwartz, Katherine A. McGlynn, Peter A. Kanetsky, Katherine L. Nathanson, Testicular Cancer Consortium (TECAC). Identification of 14 novel genetic loci for testicular germ cell tumor susceptibility [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2684.