tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increase in Antiretroviral Therapy Enrollment Among Persons with HIV Infection During the Lusaka HIV Treatment Surge — Lusaka Province, Zambia, January 2018–June 2019
Authors: Mary Adetinuke Boyd, Minesh Shah, Danielle T. Barradas, Michael Herce, Lloyd B. Mulenga, Mwansa Lumpa, Susan Ishimbulo, Ahmed Saadani, Maybin Mumba, Idongesit Essiet-Gibson, Leigh Tally, Peter Minchella, Nzali Kancheya, Annie Mwila, Khozya Zyambo, Chalilwe Chungu, Shula Chanda, Wilson Mbewe, Isaac Zulu, Terence Siansalama, Keith Mweebo, Kennedy Nkwemu, James Simpungwe, Amy Medley, Izukanji Sikazwe, Consity Mwale, Simon Agolory, Tedd Ellerbrock
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

Within Zambia, a landlocked country in southern-central Africa, the highest prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is in Lusaka Province (population 3.2 million), where approximately 340,000 persons are estimated to be infected (1). The 2016 Zambia Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (ZAMPHIA) estimated the adult HIV prevalence in Lusaka Province to be 15.7%, with a 62.7% viral load suppression rate (HIV-1 RNA <1,000 copies/mL) (2). ZAMPHIA results highlighted remaining treatment gaps in Zambia overall and by subpopulation. In January 2018, Zambia launched the Lusaka Province HIV Treatment Surge (Surge project) to increase enrollment of persons with HIV infection onto antiretroviral therapy (ART). The Zambia Ministry of Health (MoH), CDC, and partners analyzed the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) Monitoring and Evaluation Reporting data set to assess the effectiveness of the first 18 months of the Surge project (January 2018-June 2019). During this period, approximately 100,000 persons with positive test results for HIV began ART. These new ART clients were more likely to be persons aged 15-24 years. In addition, the number of persons with documented viral load suppression doubled from 66,109 to 134,046. Lessons learned from the Surge project, including collaborative leadership, efforts to improve facility-level performance, and innovative strategies to disseminate successful practices, could increase HIV treatment rates in other high-prevalence settings.
BTKCys481Ser Mutation Drives Ibrutinib Resistance through ERK1/2 Hyperactivation, and Can Confer a Protective Effect on Bystander Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia and ABC DLBCL Cells through Paracrine Mediated Pro-Survival Signaling
Authors: Jiaji Chen, Xia Liu, Manit Munshi, Lian Xu, Nickolas Tsakmaklis, Maria Demos, Amanda Kofides, Maria Luisa Guerrera, Gloria Chan, Zachary Hunter, Christopher Patterson, Joshua Gustine, Jorge J. Castillo, Steven P Treon, Guang Yang
Journal: Blood (2017)
Microfabricated Gaps Reveal the Effect of Geometrical Control in Wound Healing
Authors: Min Bao, Jing Xie, Aigars Piruska, Xinyu Hu, Wilhelm T. S. Huck
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract The geometry (size and shape) of gaps is a key determinant in controlling gap closure during wound healing. However, conventional methods for creating gaps result in un‐defined geometries and poorly characterized conditions (cell death factors and cell debris), which can influence the gap closure process. To overcome these limitations, a novel method to create well‐defined geometrical gaps is developed. First, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are seeded in variously shaped micro‐containers made out of hyaluronic acid hydrogels. Cell proliferation and cell tension induce fibrous collagen production by SMCs predominantly around the edges of the micro‐containers. Upon removal of SMCs, the selectively deposited collagen results in micro‐containers with cell‐adhesive regions along the edges and walls. Fibroblasts are seeded in these micro‐containers, and upon attaching and spreading, they naturally form gaps with different geometries. The rapid proliferation of fibroblasts from the edge results in filling and closure of the gaps. It is demonstrated that gap closure rate as well as closure mechanism is strongly influenced by geometrical features, which points to an important role for cellular tension and cell proliferation in gap closure.
No increased rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection for patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases compared with the general population in the city of Hamburg (Germany)
Authors: Peer Aries, Christof Iking-Konert
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

We highly appreciated the work on the paper by Gianfrancesco et al .1 While this large international registry provides information, for example, about the course of the disease in regard to the intensity of immunosuppression or complications, they do not allow any conclusions about the actual incidence rate of infections in patients with rheumatic diseases compared with the overall population. In addition to the data by Gianfrancesco et al we here like to share our data and experience of the Hamburg COVID-19 registry.

Until 9 June 2020, a total of 5120 proven severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections were reported in Hamburg.2 This corresponds to 0.28% of the total population of the city of Hamburg (1.814 million inhabitants), …
Treatment of COVID-19 with convalescent plasma: lessons from past coronavirus outbreaks
Authors: Denise J. Wooding, Horacio Bach
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2020)

BackgroundThere is currently no treatment known to alter the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Convalescent plasma has been used to treat a number of infections during pandemics, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and now severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).ObjectivesTo summarize the existing literature and registered clinical trials on the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma for treating coronaviruses, and discuss issues of feasibility, and donor and patient selection.SourcesA review of articles published in PubMed was performed on 13 July 2020 to summarize the currently available evidence in human studies for convalescent plasma as a treatment for coronaviruses. The World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry and clinicaltrials.gov were searched to summarize the currently registered randomized clinical trials for convalescent plasma in COVID-19.ContentThere were sixteen COVID-19, four MERS and five SARS reports describing convalescent plasma use in humans. There were two randomized control trials, both of which were for COVID-19 and were terminated early. Most COVID-19 reports described a potential benefit of convalescent plasma on clinical outcomes in severe or critically ill patients with few immediate adverse events. However, there were a number of limitations, including the concurrent use of antivirals, steroids and other treatments, small sample sizes, lack of randomization or control groups, and short follow-up time. Data from SARS and COVID-19 suggest that earlier administration probably yields better outcomes. The ideal candidates for recipients and donors are not known. Still, experience with previous coronaviruses tells us that antibodies in convalescent patients are probably short-lived. Patients who had more severe disease and who are earlier in their course of recovery may be more likely to have adequate titres. Finally, a number of practical challenges were identified.ImplicationsThere is currently no effective treatment for COVID-19, and preliminary trials for convalescent plasma suggest that there may be some benefits. However, research to date is at high risk of bias, and randomized control trials are desperately needed to determine the efficacy and safety of this therapeutic option.
Abstract 15626: Comparative Efficacy of Mechanical Interventions to Prevent Coronary No-Reflow: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Julian Wendt, Felix Hofbauer, Matthias Stibleichinger, Guenter Klappacher
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Coronary no-reflow is a potentially lethal complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The optimal approach to preserve or restore coronary reflow during primary PCI is still controve...
Gender Differences in the Development of CMR Abnormalities and Cardiac Complications: A Multicentric Prospective Study in a Cohort of Sickle Cell Disease Patients
Authors: Antonella Meloni, Laura Pistoia, Domenico D'Ascola, Domenico Maddaloni, Nicola Dello Iacono, Pier Paolo Bitti, Aurelio Maggio, Silvia Macchi, Vincenzo Positano, Antonino Vallone, Ada Riva, Alessia Pepe
Journal: Blood (2017)
Rituximab Combined Therapy and Maintenance Eliminate the Follicular Lymphoma with MYC Translocation
Authors: Anna Nishihara, Yuko Mishima, Tomoko Takayama, Yasuhito Terui, Masahiro Yokoyama, Noriko Nishimura, Yoshiharu Kusano, Hirofumi Yamauchi, Norihito Inoue, Naoko Tsuyama, Yuji Mishima, Kengo Takeuchi, Kiyohiko Hatake
Journal: Blood (2017)
OP0327 EVALUATION OF THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM ACCURACY IN DETERMINING THE RADIOGRAPHIC STAGE OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS
Authors: O. Georginova, M. Kobzar
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: Within the last decade, rapid development of artificial neural networks and machine reading programs and their introduction into medical practice is reported [1,2,3]. Recently, an innovative program, based on the artificial intelligence (AI) technologies (a neural network and machine reading) that analyses knee X-ray images for determining the radiographic stage of OA was created. It was launched on the Osteoscan.ru website and is available for use by patients and doctors. Objectives: to validate the system ability to accurately stage OA through machine interpretation of standard knee radiographs. Methods: Initially, 1300 x-rays of both knee joints where used to teach the neural network. Of these, 350 were presented in the form of film scans, 950 in the DICOM format. The accuracy of the system in recognition of OA stage by knee radiographs was evaluated on a quality control sample of 130 cases (of all 1300). Independently, the radiographs were assessed by certified radiologists (considered the “gold standard”) and the System. Results: In 124 out of 130 cases the conclusion of a specialist and the System was the same, which represents 95.4% predictive power. Coincidence or discrepancy is a qualitative attribute, so, the accuracy of the estimation was calculated. Assuming a discrepancy of 0, and coincidence - of 1, µ = 0,954, the standard error s p = 1.8%. It can be concluded that in 95% of cases the accuracy of the system assessment will be in the range from 91.8% to 99%. Conclusion: Osteosan is a program developed on the base of AI technologies, analyzes radiographic images of the knee joints for determining OA stage. It provides high accuracy in OA stage determining by assessing knee radiographs, in 95% of cases, the accuracy of the system varies from 91.8% to 99%. References: [1]Fischl B, Salat DH, van der Kouwe AJ, Makris N, Ségonne F, Quinn BT, Dale AM. Sequence-independent segmentation of magnetic resonance images. Neuroimage. 2004;23 Suppl 1:S69-84 [2]Faust O, Acharya U R, Ng EY, Ng KH, Suri JS. Algorithms for the automated detection of diabetic retinopathy using digital fundus images: a review. J Med Syst. 2012; 36(1): 145-57. [3]Balyen L, Peto T. Promising Artificial Intelligence-Machine Learning-Deep Learning Algorithms in Ophthalmology. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2019; 8(3): 264-272. Disclosure of Interests: Olga Georginova Speakers bureau: GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Margarita Kobzar Employee of: GSK Consumer Healthcare
Sites of distant metastasis in Merkel cell carcinoma differ by primary tumor site and are of prognostic significance: A population-based study in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2010 to 2016
Authors: Nolan J. Maloney, Kevin A. Nguyen, Daniel Q. Bach, Lisa C. Zaba
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Charles Jonathan Mortiboy Poole
Authors: Adrian Hamlyn
Journal: BMJ (2020)

My friend and colleague, Charles Jonathan Mortiboy Poole (“Jon”), was the only son of Leslie Poole, a noted ceramicist and inventor, and of Gwyndolene Mortiboy Poole (nee Smith).

After Jon was born, the family moved from Birmingham to north London, where he received his education. A prizeman of Westminster Medical School, Jon (as he was always known), after an MD in neuroendocrinology, elected for occupational medicine. He started his early career in industry at British Steel and Rover, moving to Dudley and Walsall NHS Trust in the 1980s. But despite an energetic service to staff, local government and …
Dendritic cell biology and its role in tumor immunotherapy
Authors: Yingying Wang, Ying Xiang, Victoria W. Xin, Xian-Wang Wang, Xiao-Chun Peng, Xiao-Qin Liu, Dong Wang, Na Li, Jun-Ting Cheng, Yan-Ning Lyv, Shu-Zhong Cui, Zhaowu Ma, Qing Zhang, Hong-Wu Xin
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2020)

Abstract As crucial antigen presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) play a vital role in tumor immunotherapy. Taking into account the many recent advances in DC biology, we discuss how DCs (1) recognize pathogenic antigens with pattern recognition receptors through specific phagocytosis and through non-specific micropinocytosis, (2) process antigens into small peptides with proper sizes and sequences, and (3) present MHC-peptides to CD4 + and CD8 + T cells to initiate immune responses against invading microbes and aberrant host cells. During anti-tumor immune responses, DC-derived exosomes were discovered to participate in antigen presentation. T cell microvillar dynamics and TCR conformational changes were demonstrated upon DC antigen presentation. Caspase-11-driven hyperactive DCs were recently reported to convert effectors into memory T cells. DCs were also reported to crosstalk with NK cells. Additionally, DCs are the most important sentinel cells for immune surveillance in the tumor microenvironment. Alongside DC biology, we review the latest developments for DC-based tumor immunotherapy in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Personalized DC vaccine-induced T cell immunity, which targets tumor-specific antigens, has been demonstrated to be a promising form of tumor immunotherapy in patients with melanoma. Importantly, allogeneic-IgG-loaded and HLA-restricted neoantigen DC vaccines were discovered to have robust anti-tumor effects in mice. Our comprehensive review of DC biology and its role in tumor immunotherapy aids in the understanding of DCs as the mentors of T cells and as novel tumor immunotherapy cells with immense potential.
Has COVID-19 Delayed the Diagnosis and Worsened the Presentation of Type 1 Diabetes in Children?
Authors: Ivana Rabbone, Riccardo Schiaffini, Valentino Cherubini, Claudio Maffeis, Andrea Scaramuzza, Enrica Bertelli, Lucia Ferlito, Adriana Bobbio, Eleonardo Schieven, Maurizio Delvecchio, Giulio Maltoni, Petra Reinstadler, Barbara Felappi, Francesco Gallo, Carlo Ripoli, Filomena Pascarella, Filomena A. Stamati, Donatella Lo Presti, Felice Citriniti, Stefano Tumini, Maria Zampolli, Rosaria De Marco, Claudio Cavalli, Valeria De Donno, Sonia Toni, Maria Susanna Coccioli, Giuseppe d’Annunzio, Paola Sogno Valin, Dante Cirillo, Silvia Sordelli, Fortunato Lombardo, Riccardo Bonfanti, Chiara Mameli, Barbara Predieri, Adriana Franzese, Dario Iafusco, Silvia Savastio, Gavina Piredda, Francesca Cardella, Valeria Calcaterra, Emioli Randazzo, Anna Favia, Tosca Suprani, Alessandra Lasagni, Novella Rapini, Irene Rutigliano, Alberto Gaiero, Luisa De Sanctis, Vittoria Cauvin, Marta Minute, Gianluca Tornese, Francesca Franco, Gianluca Musolino, Marco Marigliano, Silvia Innaturato, Claudia Arnaldi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the diagnosis of pediatric type 1 diabetes or its acute complications changed during the early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Italy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional, web-based survey of all Italian pediatric diabetes centers to collect diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and COVID-19 data in patients presenting with new-onset or established type 1 diabetes between 20 February and 14 April in 2019 and 2020. RESULTS Fifty-three of 68 centers (77.9%) responded. There was a 23% reduction in new diabetes cases in 2020 compared with 2019. Among those newly diagnosed patients who presented in a state of DKA, the proportion with severe DKA was 44.3% in 2020 vs. 36.1% in 2019 (P = 0.03). There were no differences in acute complications. Eight patients with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 had laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic might have altered diabetes presentation and DKA severity. Preparing for any “second wave” requires strategies to educate and reassure parents about timely emergency department attendance for non–COVID-19 symptoms.
Abstract 16364: Readmission Rates Associated With Infective Endocarditis After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Karolina Viquez, Praneeth Kudaravalli, Elizabeth Woods, Nageshwara Gullapalli, Rajkumar Doshi
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Infective endocarditis (IE) is one of the common and debilitating adverse events in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR). This might be associated with increased readmis...
VWF/ADAMTS13 Imbalance, But Not Global Coagulation or Fibrinolysis, Is Associated With Outcome and Bleeding in Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Ellen G. Driever, R. Todd Stravitz, Jingwen Zhang, Jelle Adelmeijer, Valerie Durkalski, William M. Lee, Ton Lisman
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

Recent studies of acute liver failure (ALF) in man and animals have suggested that rebalanced hemostasis occurs, with distinct hypercoagulable features clinically evidenced by a low risk of bleeding. Rodent models have shown a link between intrahepatic microthrombus formation and progression of ALF. We sought to confirm these earlier findings in a large series of patients with well-characterized ALF from the Acute Liver Failure Study Group.Citrated plasma samples taken on admission from 676 patients with ALF or acute liver injury (international normalized ratio ≥2.0 without hepatic encephalopathy) were used to determine levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13) activity, thrombomodulin-modified thrombin generation, and clot lysis time (CLT) and compared with the levels in 40 healthy controls. Patients had 3-fold increased VWF levels, 4-fold decreased ADAMTS13 activity, similar thrombin generating capacity, and 2.4-fold increased CLT, compared with controls. Increasing disease severity was associated with progressively more elevated VWF levels as well as hypofibrinolysis. Patients who died or underwent liver transplantation within 21 days of admission had higher VWF levels, lower ADAMTS13 activity, but similar thrombin generation and a similar proportion of patients with severe hypofibrinolysis, when compared with transplant-free survivors. Likewise, patients with bleeding complications had higher VWF levels and lower ADAMTS13 activity compared to those without bleeding. Thrombin generation and CLT did not differ significantly between bleeding and nonbleeding patients.Rebalanced hemostatic status was confirmed in a large cohort of patients with acute liver injury/ALF, demonstrating that VWF/ADAMTS13 imbalance is associated with poor outcome and bleeding. The association between VWF/ADAMTS13 imbalance and bleeding suggests that bleeding in ALF relates more to systemic inflammation than a primary coagulopathy.
Review of adverse cutaneous reactions of pharmacologic interventions for COVID-19: A guide for the dermatologist
Authors: Antonio Martinez-Lopez, Carlos Cuenca-Barrales, Trinidad Montero-Vilchez, Alejandro Molina-Leyva, Salvador Arias-Santiago
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)

The new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is associated with a wide variety of cutaneous manifestations. Although new skin manifestations caused by COVID-19 are continuously being described, other cutaneous entities should also be considered in the differential diagnosis, including adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19 infections. The aim of this review is to provide dermatologists with an overview of the cutaneous adverse effects associated with the most frequently prescribed drugs in patients with COVID-19. The skin reactions of antimalarials (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine), antivirals (lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin with or without interferon, oseltamivir, remdesivir, favipiravir, and darunavir), and treatments for complications (imatinib, tocilizumab, anakinra, immunoglobulins, corticosteroids, colchicine and low molecular weight heparins) are analyzed. Information regarding possible skin reactions, their frequency, management, and key points for differential diagnosis are presented.
Disrupted endothelial cell heterogeneity and network organization impair vascular function in prediabetic obesity
Authors: Calum Wilson, Xun Zhang, Matthew D. Lee, Margaret MacDonald, Helen R. Heathcote, Nasser M.N. Alorfi, Charlotte Buckley, Sharron Dolan, John G. McCarron
Journal: Metabolism (2020)

BackgroundObesity is a major risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, heart failure, and stroke. Impaired endothelial function occurs in the earliest stages of obesity and underlies vascular alterations that give rise to cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms that link weight gain to endothelial dysfunction are ill-defined. Increasing evidence suggests that endothelial cells are not a population of uniform cells but are highly heterogeneous and are organized as a communicating multicellular network that controls vascular function.PurposeTo investigate the hypothesis that disrupted endothelial heterogeneity and network-level organization contribute to impaired vascular reactivity in obesity.Methods and resultsTo study obesity-related vascular function without complications associated with diabetes, a state of prediabetic obesity was induced in rats. Small artery diameter recordings confirmed nitric-oxide mediated vasodilator responses were dependent on increases in endothelial calcium levels and were impaired in obese animals. Single-photon imaging revealed a linear relationship between blood vessel relaxation and population-wide calcium responses. Obesity did not alter the slope of this relationship, but impaired calcium responses in the endothelial cell network. The network comprised structural and functional components. The structural architecture, a hexagonal lattice network of connected cells, was unchanged in obesity. The functional network contained sub-populations of clustered specialized agonist-sensing cells from which signals were communicated through the network. In obesity there were fewer but larger clusters of sensory cells and communication path lengths between clusters increased. Communication between neighboring cells was unaltered in obesity. Altered network organization resulted in impaired, population-level calcium signaling and deficient endothelial control of vascular tone.ConclusionsThe distribution of cells in the endothelial network is critical in determining overall vascular response. Altered cell heterogeneity and arrangement in obesity decreases endothelial function and provides a novel framework for understanding compromised endothelial function in cardiovascular disease.
Human Herpes-Virus 6 Infection in Immunocompromised Patients after Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Tatiana I. Lobanova, Dmitry S. Tikhomirov, Olga A. Gavrilina, Zalina T. Fidarova, Galina A. Kliasova, Vladimir A. Okhmat, Vera V. Troitskaya, Elena N. Parovichnikova, Valery Savchenko
Journal: Blood (2017)