tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Vaccination for Prevention of Herpes Zoster and Related Complications: Input for National Recommendations
Authors: Lisa A. Prosser, Rafael Harpaz, Angela M. Rose, Acham Gebremariam, Angela Guo, Ismael R. Ortega-Sanchez, Fangjun Zhou, Kathleen Dooling
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

The U.S. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recently developed recommendations for use of a new recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV).To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of vaccination with RZV compared with zoster vaccine live (ZVL) and no vaccination, the cost-effectiveness of vaccination with RZV for persons who have previously received ZVL, and the cost-effectiveness of preferential vaccination with RZV over ZVL.Simulation (state-transition) model using U.S. epidemiologic, clinical, and cost data.Published data.Hypothetical cohort of immunocompetent U.S. adults aged 50 years or older.Lifetime.Societal and health care sector.Vaccination with RZV (recommended 2-dose regimen), vaccination with ZVL, and no vaccination.The primary outcome measure was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).For vaccination with RZV compared with no vaccination, ICERs ranged by age from $10 000 to $47 000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), using a societal perspective and assuming 100% completion of the 2-dose RZV regimen. For persons aged 60 years or older, ICERs were less than $60 000 per QALY. Vaccination with ZVL was dominated by vaccination with RZV for all age groups 60 years or older.Results were most sensitive to changes in vaccine effectiveness, duration of protection, herpes zoster incidence, and probability of postherpetic neuralgia. Vaccination with RZV after previous administration of ZVL yielded an ICER of less than $60 000 per QALY for persons aged 60 years or older. In probabilistic sensitivity analyses, RZV remained the preferred strategy in at least 95% of simulations, including those with 50% completion of the second dose.Few data were available on risk for serious adverse events, adherence to the recommended 2-dose regimen, and probability of recurrent zoster.Vaccination with RZV yields cost-effectiveness ratios lower than those for many recommended adult vaccines, including ZVL. Results are robust over a wide range of plausible values.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Cancer screening in the United States, 2018: A review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening
Authors: Robert A. Smith, Kimberly S. Andrews, Durado Brooks, Stacey A. Fedewa, Deana Manassaram‐Baptiste, Debbie Saslow, Otis W. Brawley, Richard C. Wender
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2018)

Abstract Each year, the American Cancer Society publishes a summary of its guidelines for early cancer detection, data and trends in cancer screening rates from the National Health Interview Survey, and select issues related to cancer screening. In this 2018 update, we also summarize the new American Cancer Society colorectal cancer screening guideline and include a clarification in the language of the 2013 lung cancer screening guideline. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:297–316 . © 2018 American Cancer Society .
Evolution and Revolution
Authors: Philip C. Hopewell, Fran Du Melle, John F. Murray
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

The major event in the recent history of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) is its separation from the American Lung Association (ALA), resulting in the Society's independence. The seeds of the separation were sown over the course of many years. The fundamental reason driving the separation was the organizational structure of the ALA, with the ATS being a division within the larger organization and having neither the standing to make independent decisions nor the ability to respond effectively to the expectations of a growing and diverse membership. Additional important factors included continual organizational conflicts; ongoing struggles over finances; reluctance by the ALA to provide what the ATS considered to be appropriate support for research; divergence of areas of interest as the Society became more broad based to include critical care and sleep medicine, as well as concerns with medical practice issues; and internationalization of the Society, with an increasing proportion of members residing outside the United States. Once it was decided that the ATS could only exist as an independent organization, the separation agreement was negotiated in less than 3 years. Although there were substantial unknowns immediately after the separation, a unified leadership, a strongly supportive membership, and a skilled and dedicated staff guided the organization through this difficult period, from which the Society emerged as a strong independent professional organization that remains true to the public-minded spirit that guided its formation 107 years ago.
Sedentary Behavior, Exercise, and Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Carl J. Lavie, Cemal Ozemek, Salvatore Carbone, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Steven N. Blair
Journal: Circulation Research (2019)

Sedentary behavior and physical inactivity are among the leading modifiable risk factors worldwide for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. The promotion of physical activity and exercise training (ET) leading to improved levels of cardiorespiratory fitness is needed in all age groups, race, and ethnicities and both sexes to prevent many chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular disease. In this state-of-the-art review, we discuss the negative impact of sedentary behavior and physical inactivity, as well as the beneficial effects of physical activity /ET and cardiorespiratory fitness for the prevention of chronic noncommunicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease. We review the prognostic utility of cardiorespiratory fitness compared with obesity and the metabolic syndrome, as well as the increase of physical activity /ET for patients with heart failure as a therapeutic strategy, and ET dosing. Greater efforts at preventing sedentary behavior and physical inactivity while promoting physical activity, ET, and cardiorespiratory fitness are needed throughout the healthcare system worldwide and particularly in the United States in which the burden of cardiometabolic diseases remains extremely high.
TP53 Aberrations By FISH in CLL and Complex Karyotype at Transformation Predict for Worse Outcome in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma - Richter Transformation: A Single Institution Series of 75 DLBCL-RT Cases
Authors: Shiraz Fidai, Madina Sukhanova, Brian C.-H. Chiu, Y. Lynn Lynn Wang, Wendy Stock, Peter A Riedell, Sonali M. Smith, Elizabeth Hyjek, Girish Venkataraman
Journal: Blood (2018)
In Search of Denominators
Authors: Anne C. Spaulding, Haley E. Kehus, William J. Sabol
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
AACR Cancer Progress Report 2012
Authors: Lewis C Cantley, William S Dalton, Raymond N DuBois, Olivera J Finn, P Andrew Futreal, Todd R Golub, William N Hait, Guillermina Lozano, John M Maris, William G Nelson, Charles L Sawyers, Stuart L Schreiber, Margaret R Spitz, Patricia S Steeg
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)
From the Editor’s desk...
Authors: Richard Moreau, Ramon Bataller, Thomas Berg, Jessica Zucmann-Rossi, Rajiv Jalan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2017)

It has been proposed that coffee and tea have beneficial effects on liver diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Alferink et al. analyzed the participants who underwent transient elastography, ultrasound and completed a food frequency questionnaire from the Rotterdam study, a large prospective population-based cohort study. The authors included 2,424 participants, of whom 5% had liver stiffness measure (LSM) ⩾8.0 kPa and 34% had steatosis. The proportion of participants with LSM ⩾8.0 kPa decreased with higher coffee consumption. Among tea consumers, only herbal tea consumers (36%) had lower log-transformed transient elastography levels. Subtypes of tea were associated with steatosis in univariate, but not multivariable analysis. This important epidemiological study suggests that in the general population frequent coffee and herbal tea consumption are inversely related to liver stiffness, but not steatosis. These results should be confirmed in prospective longitudinal studies.
Year in review 2013: paediatric and adult clinical studies
Authors: Andy Bush, Ian Pavord
Journal: Thorax (2014)

This is the first of two reviews of Thorax in 2013 focusing on manuscripts dealing with the clinical aspects of paediatrics and adult respiratory medicine. Our prizes last year were a popular addition and so we have retained this in 2013. Decisions are purely those of the editors and deputy editors. Our only restriction has been to not consider manuscripts from Imperial, Leicester and Oxford, not because they were too numerous or too good (regrettably), but because we have conflicts of interest.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an area with major research activity, especially with the introduction of new therapies bolstered with good randomised controlled trials. Aerosolised antibiotics have been the mainstay of therapy for chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection since Margaret Hodson's trials in the 1980s, replicated in the USA more than a decade later (if it did not happen in the USA, it did not happen!). Once daily nebulised amikacin had a good profile in a phase II trial1—but should it be reserved for atypical Mycobacterial infection? Dry powder devices are increasingly being used instead of nebulisers to try to reduce treatment burden, so an important study showed that for colomycin the two methods of delivery were equivalent.2 An accompanying editorial3 discussed how a favourite Thorax set of whipping boys, the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence, have made a dog's breakfast of their recommendations. Finally, non-CF bronchiectasis is an orphan disease, so good to see nebulised ciprofloxacin being shown to be effective in a phase II trial in this group.4 Another theme is the increasing realisation of the importance of pulmonary exacerbations (also known as lung attacks) in CF. High frequency chest wall oscillation is an expensive adjunct to airway clearance, which is much hyped at meetings. A randomised controlled trial, the winner …
Physician associate regulation should be introduced urgently, says Nuffield Trust
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Physician associates cannot meet their full potential without regulation, the Nuffield Trust think tank has said.

After a consultation last year the Department of Health and Social Care said that physician associates would be regulated in a similar way to doctors and nurses.1 Since then, however, no obvious movement has been made towards introducing that regulation.

Speaking to The BMJ , Candace Imison, director of workforce strategy at the Nuffield Trust, said …
Update in Acute Lung Injury and Mechanical Ventilation 2013
Authors: François Beloncle, José Angel Lorente, Andrés Esteban, Laurent Brochard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Update in Acute Lung Injury and Mechanical Ventilation 2013 Francois Beloncle, Jose Angel Lorente, Andres Esteban, and Laurent Brochard Critical Care Department and Keenan Research Centre, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; LUNAM, Universite d’Angers, Departement de Reanimation Medicale et Medecine Hyperbare, CHU d’Angers, Angers, France; Hospital Universitario de Getafe, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and INSERM U955, Faculte de Medecine, Universite Paris Est, Creteil, France
Global Routine Vaccination Coverage, 2014
Authors: Saleena Subaiya, Laure Dumolard, Patrick Lydon, Marta Gacic-Dobo, Rudolf Eggers, Laura Conklin
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2015)

The year 2014 marked the 40th anniversary of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Expanded Program on Immunization, which was established to ensure equitable access to routine immunization services (1). Since 1974, global coverage with the four core vaccines (Bacille Calmette- Guérin vaccine [BCG; for protection against tuberculosis], diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis [DTP] vaccine, poliovirus vaccine, and measles vaccine) has increased from <5% to ≥85%, and additional vaccines have been added to the recommended schedule. Coverage with the 3rd dose of DTP vaccine (DTP3) by age 12 months is an indicator of immunization program performance because it reflects completion of the basic infant immunization schedule; coverage with other vaccines, including the 3rd dose of poliovirus vaccine (polio3); the 1st dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) is also assessed. Estimated global DTP3 coverage has remained at 84%–86% since 2009, with estimated 2014 coverage at 86%. Estimated global coverage for the 2nd routine dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV2) was 38% by age 24 months and 56% when older age groups were included, similar to levels reported in 2013 (36% and 55%, respectively). To reach and sustain high immunization coverage in all countries, adequate vaccine stock management and additional opportunities for immunization, such as through routine visits in the second year of life, are integral components to strengthening immunization programs and reducing morbidity and mortality from vaccine preventable diseases.
HIV and AIDS in the European Union, 2009
Authors: G Likatavicius, M JW Van de Laar
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2010)

In 2009, 28 European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries reported 25,917 newly diagnosed cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Sex among men who have sex with men was the most common transmission mode (35%) followed by heterosexual contact (24%). Overall, the number of HIV cases in 2009 increased while the number of reported acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) diagnoses continued to decline. It is of concern that a high proportion of the patients with known CD4 cells count at the time of HIV diagnosis had a CD4 cell count below 350cells/µl suggesting no timely access to treatment and care.
Estimation of PM2·5-associated disease burden in China in 2020 and 2030 using population and air quality scenarios: a modelling study
Authors: Qing Wang, Jiaonan Wang, Jinhui Zhou, Jie Ban, Tiantian Li
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2019)

Air pollution and its adverse effects on public health remain a considerable problem in China, where policies have been implemented to improve the situation. We aimed to estimate the disease burden associated with particulate matter (PM)2·5 across China for 2020 and 2030 to identify the populations and regions most at risk, quantify the health benefits of air quality improvement targets, and determine the effect of population growth and ageing on this disease burden.In this modelling study, we investigated premature deaths associated with PM2·5 across China on the basis of air quality scenarios proposed by the expert group involved in the formulation of the 13th Five-Year Plan for Eco-Environmental Protection and population scenarios based on the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. We used the integrated exposure-response model used for the Global Burden of Disease Study to estimate the number of PM2·5-related premature deaths under each scenario.The projected health benefits of the air-quality-improving targets are substantial, and could reduce the number of PM2.5-related premature deaths in China by approximately 129 278 by 2020 and 217 988 by 2030, compared with 2010. However, since China's population is increasing and ageing, the number of PM2.5-related premature deaths was estimated to increase by 84 102 by 2020 and by 244 191 by 2030, indicating that the health benefits induced by air quality improvements could be offset by the effect of the population increasing in size and ageing.To reduce the future disease burden in China, targets that are stricter than the interim target and stringent policies to improve air quality and protect public health are needed, especially for at-risk population groups, such as older individuals (aged >55 years) and patients with cardiovascular diseases, particularly in regions with a high disease burden.National Key Research and Development Program of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing Natural Science Foundation, National High-level Talents Special Support Plan of China for Young Talents, and Special Foundation of Basic Science and Technology Resources Survey of Ministry of Science and Technology of China.
Clinical correlation between different CKIT exon mutations and clinical outcome imatinib mesylate treatment in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) patients
Authors: G.Y. Zakaria, N. Allahloubi, A. Bahnasy, O. Khorshid
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

Background: The clinical behavior of GISTs is highly variable. This study aims at detection of different histo-pathological tumor features and correlation with different clinical aspects after treatment with imatinib, based on C-KIT exon mutation status. Methods: This is a retrospective study that included all cases diagnosed as GIST who presented to NCI from 2005 to 2017, The following data were collected from the patient's files: age, gender, tumor site, size, mitotic rate, histological grade, capsular rupture, risk stratification by Joensuu criteria, treatment setting, date of start and end of treatment, dose and toxicity. KIT mutation was assessed on tumor tissues of all patients; clinical correlation between different clinical aspects after treatment with imatinib, based on C-KIT exon mutation status, was done. Results: Eighty-nine cases of GIST presented to NCI in the period September 2005 to January 2017. Median age at diagnosis was 48 years old with a median follow up of 22 months. More than 75% of the patients had positive C-KIT mutation, while it was negative in 24.7 % of the patients. C-kit positive mutations were significantly associated with tumors more than 5 cm, high mitosis, and with high tumor risk stratification by Joensuu criteria in more than fifty percent of the patients. Exon 9 mutations had poor ORR (55.6 %) compared to those with exon 11(67.6%) (P = 0.33), with the latter having PFS of 55 months compared 120 months for exon 9 mutations, (P = 0.002). No statistically difference in OS was observed with exon 9 (70 months) compared to exon 11 mutations (77 months) (P = 0.55). Conclusions: C-kIT-positive mutation per-se is an independent poor risk factor, associated with more aggressive tumor features whereas response to imatinib was affected by exon mutations with exon 11 having a tendency for better ORR, compared to exon 9 mutation, with the latter having longer PFS compared with exon 11, with no statistically difference in OS with exon 9 compared to exon 11 mutations. Legal entity responsible for the study: NCI. Funding: Has not received any funding. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Delaying antibiotics in over 65s with UTI may increase risk of sepsis
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Delaying or withholding antibiotics in patients aged over 65 with symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI) seems to be associated with a higher risk of sepsis and death, a study published in The BMJ has found.1

Older adults, especially men over 85, should be given prompt antibiotics if a UTI is suspected, said the UK researchers.

Good evidence about the treatment of UTIs in primary care is lacking, which prompted the researchers to examine approaches to antibiotic prescribing and clinical outcomes in elderly patients. They used primary care data linked to hospital and mortality records around England …
Abstract 4165: Myc vs. Akt therapy in RapidCap, a GEM model for metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Carlos E. Stahlhut, Alexandra J. Ambrico, Kaitlin E. Watrud, Hyejin Cho, Lily Wang, Jun Qi, Lewis C. Cantley, James Bradner, Lloyd Trotman
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract We describe our efforts to determine the effect of MYC and PI3K inhibition in a genetically engineered mouse model of naïve and castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer. Metastasis is a major driver of mortality and morbidity in prostate cancer, the most common cancer type in men and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the western world. To recapitulate the metastatic process in genetically engineered mice, we have developed the RapidCaP system, which uses prostate-directed viral infection to trigger focal loss of Pten and Trp53. Using luminescence and fluorescence, the RapidCaP system allows us to track disease progression in real-time and isolate metastases in distant tissues. This system provides a powerful platform for the identification and validation of candidate driver genes and for the efficient testing of novel therapeutics. Using this system, we have recently identified Myc as a critical, spontaneously activated driver in Pten-negative metastatic prostate cancer. Preliminary trials indicate that the Myc-suppressing Brd4 inhibitor JQ1 is ineffective towards primary disease, but induces metastatic regression. This specificity correlates with a switch from AKT-driven primary disease to MYC-driven metastatic disease. Our current efforts seek to determine how, when and why targeting of Myc using JQ1 and the PI 3-Kinase pathway using NVP-BKM120 can be best used to treat naïve and castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer. In addition, we are examining changes to the transcriptome and epigenetic alterations that characterize Pten-negative metastatic prostate cancer, with the goal of understanding the mechanisms of progression toward a metastatic state and establishing new therapeutic targets. Citation Format: Carlos E. Stahlhut, Alexandra J. Ambrico, Kaitlin E. Watrud, Hyejin Cho, Lily Wang, Jun Qi, Lewis C. Cantley, James Bradner, Lloyd Trotman. Myc vs. Akt therapy in RapidCap, a GEM model for metastatic prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4165.
The Isotype of Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Their Associated Risk on Thrombosis and Pregnancy Morbidity; What Are the Odds?
Authors: Walid Chayouâ, Hilde Kelchtermans, Gary Moore, Jean-Christophe Gris, Jacek Musial, Stéphane Zuily, Bas De Laat, Katrien Devreese
Journal: Blood (2018)