tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correspondence on ‘Characteristics associated with hospitalisation for COVID-19 in people with rheumatic disease: data from the COVID-19 global rheumatology alliance physician-reported registry’ by Gianfrancesco M<i>et al</i>. The impact of cardiovascular comorbidity on COVID-19 infection in a large cohort of rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Fabio Cacciapaglia, Andreina Manfredi, Gianluca Erre, Matteo Piga, Garifallia Sakellariou, ombretta viapiana, Elisa Gremese, Francesca Romana Spinelli, Fabiola Atzeni, Elena Bartoloni
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

We read with interest the paper published by Gianfrancesco et al 1 describing the epidemiological findings associated with hospitalisation for COVID-19 in 600 patients with rheumatic diseases. Multivariate adjusted models proved a significant increased risk of hospitalisation for older age (>65 years), prednisone doses of ≥10 mg/day and presence of comorbidities, such as cardiovascular (CV) and lung diseases or diabetes. The use of biological or targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) appeared to decrease hospitalisation risk.

Underlying CV comorbidities seem to increase the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and to contribute to myocardial injury, arrhythmia, acute coronary syndrome and venous thromboembolism also in non-rheumatic patients.2 3 Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cardiac injury in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection are poorly understood. However, biological features of SARS-CoV-2 and its interaction with the immune system seem to have a pivotal role in organ damage and, in particular, in CV manifestations.3

Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with rheumatic disease suffering from COVID-19 have been explored by several Italian groups, with the highest number of COVID-19 cases observed in the North, particularly in Lombardy. In this setting, Fredi et al , on behalf of the Brescia Rheumatology COVID-19 Study Group,4 confirmed that patients with COVID-19 were older and more likely to have arterial hypertension and obesity, while no association with CV …
Cardiovascular Prevention in Individuals at High Risk of Developing Cancer
Authors: Ohad Oren, Stephen L. Kopecky, Roger S. Blumenthal, Bernard J. Gersh, Eric H. Yang
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2020)

Despite impressive advances in diagnosis and treatment, cancer remains a serious disease with a significant risk of recurrence and death. Although personalized and less toxic therapies have decreased the public health burden associated with many cancer types, the ideal cancer-mitigating intervention
Convalescent plasma anti–SARS-CoV-2 spike protein ectodomain and receptor-binding domain IgG correlate with virus neutralization
Authors: Eric Salazar, Suresh V. Kuchipudi, Paul A. Christensen, Todd Eagar, Xin Yi, Picheng Zhao, Zhicheng Jin, S. Wesley Long, Randall J. Olsen, Jian Chen, Brian Castillo, Christopher Leveque, Dalton Towers, Jason Lavinder, Jimmy Gollihar, Jose Cardona, Gregory Ippolito, Ruth Nissly, Ian Bird, Denver Greenawalt, Randall M. Rossi, Abhinay Gontu, Sreenidhi Srinivasan, Indira Poojary, Isabella M. Cattadori, Peter J. Hudson, Nicole M. Josleyn, Laura Prugar, Kathleen Huie, Andrew Herbert, David W. Bernard, John M. Dye, Vivek Kapur, James M. Musser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

The newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) highlights the urgent need for assays that detect protective levels of neutralizing antibodies. We studied the relationship among anti-spike ectodomain (anti-ECD), anti–receptor-binding domain (anti-RBD) IgG titers, and SARS-CoV-2 virus neutralization (VN) titers generated by 2 in vitro assays using convalescent plasma samples from 68 patients with COVID-19. We report a strong positive correlation between both plasma anti-RBD and anti-ECD IgG titers and in vitro VN titers. The probability of a VN titer of ≥160, the FDA-recommended level for convalescent plasma used for COVID-19 treatment, was ≥80% when anti-RBD or anti-ECD titers were ≥1:1350. Of all donors, 37% lacked VN titers of ≥160. Dyspnea, hospitalization, and disease severity were significantly associated with higher VN titer. Frequent donation of convalescent plasma did not significantly decrease VN or IgG titers. Analysis of 2814 asymptomatic adults found 73 individuals with anti-ECD IgG titers of ≥1:50 and strong positive correlation with anti-RBD and VN titers. Fourteen of these individuals had VN titers of ≥1:160, and all of them had anti-RBD titers of ≥1:1350. We conclude that anti-RBD or anti-ECD IgG titers can serve as a surrogate for VN titers to identify suitable plasma donors. Plasma anti-RBD or anti-ECD titers of ≥1:1350 may provide critical information about protection against COVID-19 disease.
Effect of aspirin on deaths associated with sepsis in healthy older people (ANTISEPSIS): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled primary prevention trial
Authors: Damon P Eisen, Karin Leder, Robyn L Woods, Jessica E Lockery, Sarah L McGuinness, Rory Wolfe, David Pilcher, Elizabeth M Moore, Adithya Shastry, Mark R Nelson, Christopher M Reid, John J McNeil, Emma S McBryde
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2020)
Benefits and Harms of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance in a Prospective Cohort of Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Amit G. Singal, Sruthi Patibandla, Joseph Obi, Hannah Fullington, Neehar D. Parikh, Adam C. Yopp, Jorge A. Marrero
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)
Covid-19: “protecting the NHS” encourages people with symptoms to stay at home
Authors: Leone Ridsdale
Journal: BMJ (2020)

There are many reasons for England having the highest excess mortality for covid-19.1234 As the government became aware of the risk of demand for hospital beds and staff overwhelming supply, it launched costly mitigating strategies.5

Potentially the most effective mitigating strategy was cheap—a message perfectly tailored to British sensibilities: “Stay home. Protect the NHS. …
PET/CT Integrated With CT Colonography in Preoperative Obstructive Colorectal Cancer by Incomplete Optical Colonoscopy
Authors: Nuria Sánchez-Izquierdo, Mario Pagès, Maria Mayoral, Domenico Rubello, Patrick M. Colletti, Francisco Campos, Inmaculada Romero, Sebastián Casanueva, Andrea Fritsch, David Fuster
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate if integrating whole-body PET/CT with CT colonography (PET/CTC) improves the preoperative diagnosis of obstructive colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods We prospectively included 47 consecutive patients (18 women and 29 men; mean age, 71 ± 14 years) suspected of having CRC by optical colonoscopy, which was not completed due to obstructive masses. To perform PET/CTC, a small caliber Foley catheter was inserted to distend the colon with CO 2 insufflations. Polyps measuring 10 mm or larger were considered as high risk of malignancy. All findings were histologically confirmed. Results Colorectal cancer was localized in the sigmoid (n = 21), rectum (n = 7), rectosigmoid junction (n = 5), ascending (n = 7), descending (n = 5), and transverse (n = 2) colon. All tumors showed FDG uptake (mean ± SD SUV max , 20.02 ± 9.9) including one synchronic tumor (SUV max , 10.46). Forty-seven polyps were histologically confirmed as smaller than 10 mm (n = 35) and 10 mm or larger (n = 12). All 12 polyps 10 mm or larger showed FDG uptake (SUV max range, 3.08–19.5), but only one smaller than 10 mm could be identified by PET. Pathological lymph nodes were diagnosed in 17/47 cases after surgical removal with a sensitivity and specificity for CTC and PET/CTC of 71% and 97% and 59% and 100%, respectively. Liver metastases were confirmed in 9 patients and in 4/9 along with lung metastases (n = 2) or implants (n = 2), showing a sensitivity and specificity for CTC of 89% and 100% and both 100% for PET/CTC. Conclusions PET/CTC is a reliable technique for staging CRC and diagnosing synchronous tumors. In this series, PET/CTC was not able to identify small polyps but showed potential use for ruling out 10 mm or larger polyps at high risk of malignancy.
Steroid Sulfatase Stimulates Intracrine Androgen Synthesis and is a Therapeutic Target for Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Cameron M. Armstrong, Chengfei Liu, Liangren Liu, Joy C. Yang, Wei Lou, Ruining Zhao, Shu Ning, Alan P. Lombard, Jinge Zhao, Leandro S. D'Abronzo, Christopher P. Evans, Pui-Kai Li, Allen C. Gao
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Purpose: Most patients with prostate cancer receiving enzalutamide or abiraterone develop resistance. Clinical evidence indicates that serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and biologically active DHEA remain in the high range despite antiandrogen treatment. The conversion of DHEAS into DHEA by steroid sulfatase (STS) may contribute to sustained intracrine androgen synthesis. Here, we determine the contribution of STS to treatment resistance and explore the potential of targeting STS to overcome resistance in prostate cancer. Experimental Design: STS expression was examined in patients and cell lines. In vitro, STS activity and expression were modulated using STS-specific siRNA or novel STS inhibitors (STSi). Cell growth, colony formation, androgen production, and gene expression were examined. RNA-sequencing analysis was conducted on VCaP cells treated with STSi. Mice were treated with STSis with or without enzalutamide to determine their effects in vivo. Results: STS is overexpressed in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and resistant cells. STS overexpression increases intracrine androgen synthesis, cell proliferation, and confers resistance to enzalutamide and abiraterone. Inhibition of STS using siRNA suppresses prostate cancer cell growth. Targeting STS activity using STSi inhibits STS activity, suppresses androgen receptor transcriptional activity, and reduces the growth of resistant C4-2B and VCaP prostate cancer cells. STSis significantly suppress resistant VCaP tumor growth, decrease serum PSA levels, and enhance enzalutamide treatment in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions: These studies suggest that STS drives intracrine androgen synthesis and prostate cancer proliferation. Targeting STS represents a therapeutic strategy to treat CRPC and improve second-generation antiandrogen therapy.
SAT0237 The development and validation of a markov model for the economic evaluation of (new) treatments in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: PM Welsing, M Hartman, AM van Gestel, PL Van Riel, JL Severens, RF Laan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Due to the scarcity of resources (new) treatments need not only to proof that they are effective, but also cost effective. Especially in the case of new more costly treatment options as for rheumatoid arthritis, establishing the cost-effectiveness is relevant. Sometimes data about the costs and effects (in the long term) are absent, especially in the case of new treatment options. A method to overcome the problem of incomplete data and to extrapolate short-term endpoints to long-term outcomes is modelling. <h3>Objectives</h3> To develop and validate a Markov model for the economic evaluation of (new) treatments in RA. <h3>Methods</h3> A Markov model was developed with a cycle time of 3 months and a time-horizon of 5 years. In a Markov model patients are classified in a number of states (Markov states), defined by the severity of the disease. Development of the disease is defined as transitions between these states. Markov states were defined using the Disease Activity Score (DAS), and were valued in utility and medical and total costs using a dataset from a 48-week trial with methotrexate. The model was calculated for ?usual care? for patients in the first 5 years of their disease, using transition probabilities calculated from the 5-years follow-up data of patients participating in an open prospective study of early (disease duration &lt; 1 year) RA. To test the validity of the model, the structure of the model, the inputs of the model, the results of the model, and the value of the model to the decision-maker were assessed. <h3>Results</h3> The costs and the utility showed a clear relation with the Markov states. The expected medical and total costs per patient over 5 years were DFL. 14.896, and DFL 27.889 respectively and the expected Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY?s) were 3,27. Differences in patient characteristics like age, gender, disease duration, used DMARD?s, number of underwent orthopaedic procedures, and education had a moderate effect on the valuation of the Markov states in costs and utility. The input data for the Markov model was appropriate for the Dutch situation. The expected total costs seemed somewhat lower than the costs found in another Dutch study in the first six years of the disease, but the mean utility was comparable to utilities found in other studies. It appeared possible to validly extrapolate the course of the disease over 5 years with the Markov model, using transition probabilities calculated from only the first year of follow-up of the patients in the open study. In this study the value of the model for the decision-maker could not be well established. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The developed Markov model is valid for use in economic evaluations in RA.
Endoscopic characterization of rectal neuroendocrine tumors with virtual chromoendoscopy: differences between benign and malignant lesions
Authors: Florian Veyre, Thomas Lambin, Caroline Fine, Tanguy Fenouil, Florian Rostain, Thomas Walter, Mathieu Pioche
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Most rectal neuroendocrine tumors (rNETs) are small (≤ 20 mm) and incidentally discovered at a localized stage during endoscopic procedures for unrelated indications [1]. Endoscopically, localized rNET, as presented here in a first example, is usually a small unique yellowish submucosal nodule, embedded in the rectal wall, with round shape pit pattern, type I on Kudo classification, and invisible vessels, as described by Sano as type I ([Fig. 1 a – c]). Histologic analysis of such lesions shows them to be grade 1 of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, without muscular or lymphovascular invasion; they have an excellent prognosis with negligible risk of local and distant recurrence ([Fig. 1 d]) [1].
Effect Sizes of Deletions and Duplications on Autism Risk Across the Genome
Authors: Elise Douard, Abderrahim Zeribi, Catherine Schramm, Petra Tamer, Mor Absa Loum, Sabrina Nowak, Zohra Saci, Marie-Pier Lord, Borja Rodríguez-Herreros, Martineau Jean-Louis, Clara Moreau, Eva Loth, Gunter Schumann, Zdenka Pausova, Mayada Elsabbagh, Laura Almasy, David C. Glahn, Thomas Bourgeron, Aurélie Labbe, Tomas Paus, Laurent Mottron, Celia M.T. Greenwood, Guillaume Huguet, Sébastien Jacquemont
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2020)

Objective: Deleterious copy number variants (CNVs) are identified in up to 20% of individuals with autism. However, levels of autism risk conferred by most rare CNVs remain unknown. The authors recently developed statistical models to estimate the effect size on IQ of all CNVs, including undocumented ones. In this study, the authors extended this model to autism susceptibility. Methods: The authors identified CNVs in two autism populations (Simons Simplex Collection and MSSNG) and two unselected populations (IMAGEN and Saguenay Youth Study). Statistical models were used to test nine quantitative variables associated with genes encompassed in CNVs to explain their effects on IQ, autism susceptibility, and behavioral domains. Results: The “probability of being loss-of-function intolerant” (pLI) best explains the effect of CNVs on IQ and autism risk. Deleting 1 point of pLI decreases IQ by 2.6 points in autism and unselected populations. The effect of duplications on IQ is threefold smaller. Autism susceptibility increases when deleting or duplicating any point of pLI. This is true for individuals with high or low IQ and after removing de novo and known recurrent neuropsychiatric CNVs. When CNV effects on IQ are accounted for, autism susceptibility remains mostly unchanged for duplications but decreases for deletions. Model estimates for autism risk overlap with previously published observations. Deletions and duplications differentially affect social communication, behavior, and phonological memory, whereas both equally affect motor skills. Conclusions: Autism risk conferred by duplications is less influenced by IQ compared with deletions. The model applied in this study, trained on CNVs encompassing >4,500 genes, suggests highly polygenic properties of gene dosage with respect to autism risk and IQ loss. These models will help to interpret CNVs identified in the clinic.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Fetal Deaths — United States, 2015–2017
Authors: Shannon M. Pruitt, Donna L. Hoyert, Kayla N. Anderson, Joyce Martin, Lisa Waddell, Charles Duke, Margaret A. Honein, Jennita Reefhuis
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

The spontaneous death or loss of a fetus during pregnancy is termed a fetal death. In the United States, national data on fetal deaths are available for losses at ≥20 weeks' gestation.* Deaths occurring during this period of pregnancy are commonly known as stillbirths. In 2017, approximately 23,000 fetal deaths were reported in the United States (1). Racial/ethnic disparities exist in the fetal mortality rate; however, much of the known disparity in fetal deaths is unexplained (2). CDC analyzed 2015-2017 U.S. fetal death report data and found that non-Hispanic Black (Black) women had more than twice the fetal mortality rate compared with non-Hispanic White (White) women and Hispanic women. Fetal mortality rates also varied by maternal state of residence. Cause of death analyses were conducted for jurisdictions where >50% of reports had a cause of death specified. Still, even in these jurisdictions, approximately 31% of fetal deaths had no cause of death reported on a fetal death report. There were differences by race and Hispanic origin in causes of death, with Black women having three times the rate of fetal deaths because of maternal complications compared with White women. The disparities suggest opportunities for prevention to reduce the U.S. fetal mortality rate. Improved documentation of cause of death on fetal death reports might help identify preventable causes and guide prevention efforts.
Carbon nanoparticles suspension injection for photothermal therapy of xenografted human thyroid carcinoma <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Yuanfang Huang, Guangfu Zeng, Qian Xin, Jinmei Yang, Cheng Zeng, Kexin Tang, Sheng‐Tao Yang, Xiaohai Tang
Journal: MedComm (2020)

Due to the unique structure, carbon nanomaterials could convert near-infrared (NIR) light into heat efficiently in tumor ablation using photothermal therapy (PTT). Carbon nanoparticles suspension injection (CNSI) is a commercial imaging reagent for lymph node mapping. CNSI has similar structural characteristics to other carbon nanomaterials, and thus, might be applied as photothermal agent. Herein, we evaluated the photothermal conversion ability and therapeutic effects of CNSI on thyroid carcinoma. CNSI was composed by carbon nanoparticle cores and polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 as the dispersion reagent. CNSI absorbed NIR light efficiently following the Lambert-Beer law. The temperature of CNSI dispersion increased quickly under the NIR irradiation. CNSI killed the TCP-1 thyroid carcinoma cells under 808 nm laser irradiation at 0.5 W/cm2, while CNSI or NIR irradiation treatment alone did not demonstrate this effect. Temperature increases were observed in tumor injected with CNSI under NIR irradiation. After three irradiation treatments, the tumor growth was completely blocked and the disruption of cellular structure was observed. When the tumor temperatures reached 53°C during treatment, the tumors did not recur within the observation period of 3 months. Our results suggested that CNSI might be used for PTT through "off label" use to benefit the patients immediately.
Poor self-reported adherence to COVID-19-related quarantine/isolation requests, Norway, April to July 2020
Authors: Anneke Steens, Birgitte Freiesleben de Blasio, Lamprini Veneti, Amy Gimma, W John Edmunds, Kevin Van Zandvoort, Christopher I Jarvis, Frode Forland, Bjarne Robberstad
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

To limit SARS-CoV-2 spread, quarantine and isolation are obligatory in several situations in Norway. We found low self-reported adherence to requested measures among 1,704 individuals (42%; 95% confidence interval: 37–48). Adherence was lower in May–June–July (33–38%) compared with April (66%), and higher among those experiencing COVID-19-compatible symptoms (71%) compared with those without (28%). These findings suggest that consideration is required of strategies to improve people’s adherence to quarantine and isolation.
Complex Arrhythmia Syndrome in a Knock-In Mouse Model Carrier of the N98S <i>Calm1</i> Mutation
Authors: Wen-Chin Tsai, Shuai Guo, Michael A. Olaopa, Loren J. Field, Jin Yang, Changyu Shen, Ching-Pin Chang, Peng-Sheng Chen, Michael Rubart
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Calmodulin mutations are associated with arrhythmia syndromes in humans. Exome sequencing previously identified a de novo mutation in
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and asymptomatic viral carriage in healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Adrian Shields, Sian E Faustini, Marisol Perez-Toledo, Sian Jossi, Erin Aldera, Joel D Allen, Saly Al-Taei, Claire Backhouse, Andrew Bosworth, Lyndsey A Dunbar, Daniel Ebanks, Beena Emmanuel, Mark Garvey, Joanna Gray, I Michael Kidd, Golaleh McGinnell, Dee E McLoughlin, Gabriella Morley, Joanna O'Neill, Danai Papakonstantinou, Oliver Pickles, Charlotte Poxon, Megan Richter, Eloise M Walker, Kasun Wanigasooriya, Yasunori Watanabe, Celina Whalley, Agnieszka E Zielinska, Max Crispin, David C Wraith, Andrew D Beggs, Adam F Cunningham, Mark T Drayson, Alex G Richter
Journal: Thorax (2020)

To determine the rates of asymptomatic viral carriage and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare workers.
Composition of HBsAg is predictive of HBsAg loss during treatment in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Maria Pfefferkorn, Tina Schott, Stephan Böhm, Danilo Deichsel, Christin Felkel, Wolfram H. Gerlich, Dieter Glebe, Cynthia Wat, Vedran Pavlovic, Renate Heyne, Thomas Berg, Florian van Bömmel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Anti-FXa Activity with Intermediate-Dose Thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19
Authors: Stephen H. Rappaport, Jenna M. Clark, Samantha Delibert, Kaylee M. Maynard, Paritosh Prasad, David C. Kaufman, Anthony P. Pietropaoli, Caroline M. Quill, Christine M. Groth
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)
FDG PET/CT Findings in a Patient With Ovarian Metastasis of Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Yuanyuan Jiang, Guozhu Hou, Xin Cheng, Zhaohui Zhu, Wuying Cheng
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract Pheochromocytoma metastasizing to the ovary is extremely rare. We report the case of a 59-year-old woman who underwent right adrenal pheochromocytoma resection 14 years ago and remained asymptomatic until recently when she complained of palpitation, perspiration, and hypertension. 18 F-FDG PET/CT revealed a left adnexal mass with increased activity, which was later surgically removed and pathologically confirmed as ovarian metastasis of pheochromocytoma.