tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trends, Regional Variations, and Socioeconomic Disparities in Cesarean Births in India, 2010-2016
Authors: Christophe Z. Guilmoto, Alexandre Dumont
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

<h3>Importance</h3> The World Health Organization recommends that rates of cesarean delivery range from 10% to 15%. India has the largest annual number of births in the world and needs updates of existing estimates. <h3>Objective</h3> To provide a new set of estimates of the rates of cesarean delivery and to map regional and socioeconomic disparities within these rates in India. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Cross-sectional study primarily based on cross-sectional figures drawn from the fourth round of the National Family and Health Survey conducted from January 20, 2015, through December 4, 2016, by the Indian Institute for Population Sciences in Mumbai. The survey interviewed 699 686 girls and women aged 15 to 49 years and collected information on their last 3 pregnancies since January 2010 (259 627 births). The study population was statistically representative of India's 36 states and Union territories and its 640 districts. The survey also included information on the socioeconomic status of households. The research is based on data tabulations and mapping and on spatial and regression analyses of microdata. Socioeconomic inequalities in access to cesarean deliveries were assessed using the Gini coefficient. Data were analyzed from August to October 2018. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Rate of cesarean deliveries by regional and socioeconomic characteristics. <h3>Results</h3> The cesarean birth rate computed for 699 686 Indian girls and women aged 15 to 49 years (mean [SD] age, 26.8 [5.0] years) was 17.2% (95% CI, 17.1%-17.3%) in 2010 to 2016, which corresponds to an estimated 4.38 million cesarean deliveries per year during the period (95% CI, 4.34-4.41 million) in India. Cesarean birth rates vary widely within the country, with a range of 5.8% (95% CI, 5.1%-6.5%) to 40.1% (95% CI, 38.4%-41.8%) across states and 4.4% (95% CI, 4.3%-4.6%) to 35.9% (35.4%-36.4%) across socioeconomic quintiles. The rate significantly increased from 9.2% (95% CI, 9.1%-9.3%) in 2004 to 2008. According to the recommended 10% to 15% benchmark of cesarean birth rates by the WHO, the estimated deficit of cesarean births in India is 0.5 million per year, whereas the estimated excess of cesarean births is 1.8 million. The overall Gini coefficient of inequality in access to cesarean deliveries is 46.4. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The rate of cesarean births is increasing in India and has already crossed the World Health Organization threshold of 15%. More research is needed to understand the factors behind the rapid rise of cesarean deliveries among affluent groups and in more developed regions.
Abstract 12676: Long-Term Treatment With Calcium Channel Blockers Improves Acetylcholine-Provoked Coronary Vasomotor Activity in Patients With Intractable Coronary Spasm
Authors: Koichi Kaikita, Masanobu Ishii, Kenichi Tsujita
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Although attacks of coronary vasospastic angina (VSA) can usually be relieved or suppressed with coronary vasodilators, in some patients VSA is intractable and attacks cannot be compl...
SAT-226-beneficial effects of DAAs on right cardiac function in hcv patients with low-mild liver fibrosis
Authors: Andrea Dalbeni, Michele Bevilacqua, Simone Romano, Egidio Imbalzano, Anna Claudia Piccoli, Marco Benati, Anna Mantovani, Martina Montagnana, Cinzia Monaco, Angela Donato, Laura Iogna Prat, Angela Tagetti, Veronica Paon, Flavio Ribichini, Donatella Ieluzzi, Pietro Minuz, Cristiano Fava
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
Estimation of 1-Year Changes in Medicaid Expenditures Associated With Reducing Cigarette Smoking Prevalence by 1%
Authors: Stanton A. Glantz
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

<h3>Importance</h3> Reducing smoking is associated with a reduction in health care costs, including in the short run. Medicaid recipients smoke at higher rates than the general population, which suggests that investments to reduce smoking in this population would reduce short-run Medicaid costs. <h3>Objective</h3> To estimate the short-run (1-year) change in health care expenditure associated with a 1% decrease in absolute smoking prevalence in all US states. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Economic evaluation based on state Medicaid expenditures and the elasticity between changes in smoking prevalence and health care costs. Data sources were the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System, 2017 National Health Interview Survey, and Kaiser Family Foundation Total Medicaid Spending for fiscal year 2017. Analysis was conducted in 2018. Participants were all people receiving Medicaid in all US states and the District of Columbia. <h3>Exposures</h3> Cigarette smoking. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Short-run (1-year) change in health care costs. <h3>Results</h3> Reducing absolute smoking prevalence by 1% in each state was associated with substantial Medicaid savings the following year, totaling $2.5 billion (in 2017 dollars). Each state saved a median (interquartile range) of $26 million ($10 million to $52 million). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Effective efforts to reducing smoking could be a cost-effective way to reduce Medicaid costs in the short run.
Patterns of breathlessness and associated consulting behaviour: results of an online survey
Authors: Amany F Elbehairy, Jennifer K Quint, Judith Rogers, Michael Laffan, Michael I Polkey, Nicholas S Hopkinson
Journal: Thorax (2019)

The online British Lung Foundation Breath Test provides an opportunity to study the relationship between breathlessness, common sociobehavioural risk factors and interaction with healthcare. We analysed data from 356 799 responders: 71% were ≥50 years old and 18% were smokers. 20% reported limiting breathlessness (Medical Research Council breathlessness score ≥3), and the majority of these (85%) worried about their breathing; of these, 29% had not sought medical advice. Of those who had, 58% reported that the advice received had not helped their breathlessness. Limiting breathlessness was associated with being older, physically inactive, smoking and a higher body mass index. These data suggest a considerable unmet need associated with breathlessness as well as possibilities for intervention.
Abstract 20335: Successful Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Chronic Total Occlusions and Non-Occlusive Lesions Provide Comparable Improvements in Myocardial Perfusion
Authors: Stefan P Schumacher, Roel S Driessen, Wijnand J Stuijfzand, Pieter G Raijmakers, Ibrahim Danad, Alexander Nap, Niels van Royen, Albert C van Rossum, Paul Knaapen
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: The salutary effect of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been questioned. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of CTO PCI on absolute myocardial blood flow (MBF), as compared with PCI of non-occlusive lesions (stenosis >90% or fractional flow reserve-guided (≤0.80)). Methods: Consecutive patients with a preserved left ventricular function and a clinically indicated successful PCI were considered eligible for inclusion if oxygen labeled H2(15)O water positron emission tomography (PET) was performed prior and after PCI. Baseline, follow-up and change of absolute (stress) MBF and coronary flow reserve (CFR) were compared between patients with CTO and significant non-occlusive lesions. Results: Sixty-five (34 CTOs vs. 31 non-occlusive lesions) patients were included for analysis. Baseline stress MBF of the myocardial CTO area was significantly lower compared with the myocardial area of non-occlusive lesions (1.29±0.40 vs. 1.59±0.59 mL·min-1·g-1...
Long-term consequences of ovarian ablation for premenopausal breast cancer.
Authors: Janice S Kwon, Gary K. Pansegrau, Melica Nourmoussavi, Geoffrey L Hammond, Mark Stafford Carey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e11559 Background: According to the SOFT/TEXT trials, an aromatase inhibitor (AI) with ovarian ablation (OA) is associated with a higher 5-year disease-free survival than tamoxifen, with or without OA, in premenopausal women with ER+ early breast cancer. However, the long-term effects and costs of OA have not been evaluated. When OA is done by oophorectomy, there are long-term health consequences from premature menopause such as osteoporosis and coronary heart disease, which may occur many years later. The objective was to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing tamoxifen alone to OA with tamoxifen or OA with AI in premenopausal women. Methods: A Markov Monte Carlo simulation model estimated the costs and benefits of 3 adjuvant treatment strategies for ER+ early breast cancer in premenopausal women. Effectiveness was measured in average life expectancy gain (years), while costs were averaged over a lifetime (USD 2015). Primary outcome measure was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Monte Carlo simulation estimated the number of adverse events and deaths from each strategy in the United States population over a time horizon of 40 years. Results: Tamoxifen alone for 5 years was more effective (18.18 years) and less costly ($2,838) than OA with tamoxifen (18.10 years, $12,869) or OA with an AI (17.48 years, $27,175). For 14,000 premenopausal ER+ women, the Monte Carlo simulation estimated 8,646, 8,989, and 9,643 deaths associated with tamoxifen, OA with tamoxifen, and OA with AI, respectively, including 1,966 and 1,866 deaths attributable to OA in the latter two groups. For high-risk women receiving chemotherapy, OA with tamoxifen was more costly but more effective (17.02 years, $12,380) than tamoxifen alone (16.09 years, $2,578) with an ICER of $10,537. OA with AI was less effective and more costly than OA with tamoxifen. Conclusions: Tamoxifen alone yields the highest life expectancy in premenopausal ER+ breast cancer. The risks of OA outweigh the benefits; however, there may be a role for OA in high-risk women.
Exploring smoking behavior and desire for smoking cessation counseling among gynecologic cancer survivors using social media.
Authors: Christine Gail Simone, Merry Jennifer Markham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e20611 Background: Gynecologic cancer survivors are at increased risk for second cancers, especially smoking-related cancers. Providers do not consistently provide smoking cessation education. We created an online survey to assess smoking and attitudes about smoking cessation counseling among gynecologic cancer survivors. A secondary goal was to explore the potential of social media in survey recruitment. Methods: An anonymous, confidential, 25-item online survey (IRB-approved) was offered to gynecologic cancer survivors. Eligible participants were 18 years or older with diagnosis of gynecologic malignancy at any time. Respondents were recruited using clinic flyers and through Twitter and Facebook postings. The survey assessed demographics, social media use, smoking habits, counseling for smoking cessation received during diagnosis or treatment, and desires for timing and preferred methods of smoking cessation counseling. Results: 55 of 60 participants completed the survey. The majority (53%) had ovarian/fallopian tube cancer, 33% endometrial cancer, 7% cervical cancer, and 7% reported other gynecologic cancer. 100% of responses were from social media (47% from Facebook; 25% Smart Patients; 5% Twitter). 74% of respondents used social media several times per day with Facebook preferred (61%). 62% of participants were never smokers, 33% were former smokers, and 5% were current smokers. 92% reported never receiving smoking cessation counseling. Respondents preferred these methods of counseling: discussion with physician (43%), discussion with nurse (35%), in-person or online support group (each 35%). Conclusions: Social media was an effective recruitment tool. Most survivors (92%) did not recall receiving counseling on smoking cessation. Although the majority were nonsmokers, counseling on the benefits of not starting to smoke may be beneficial for future survivorship. Survivors prefer interactive forms of smoking cessation education, either counseling by a physician or nurse or through support groups, either in-person or online. Online support groups through social networking sites may provide a forum to enhance smoking cessation counseling for these patients.
Identification and functional characterization of a long non-coding RNA driving hormone-independent prostate cancer progression.
Authors: Francesco Crea, Abhijit Parolia, Hui Xue, Paolo Frumento, Yuwei Wang, Anne Haegert, Kim N. Chi, Amina Zoubeidi, Colin Collins, Yuzhuo Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

11087 Background: Despite recent therapeutic advancements, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains an incurable disease. Most CRPCs display an aberrantly activated androgen receptor (AR) pathway, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not entirely elucidated. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-translated transcripts, encoded by more than 50,000 loci of the human genome. Some lncRNAs are emerging as crucial mediators of neoplastic progression. We hypothesize that lncRNAs are functionally relevant in CRPC, and therefore they can be exploited as novel therapeutic targets. Methods: We developed isogenic pairs of patient-derived, prostate cancer xenografts (PCXs), showing opposite sensitivity to castration. We then profiled the transcriptome of sensitive vs. resistant PCXs and set out functional characterization of the most differentially expressed lncRNA. Results: Transcriptomic analysis revealed more than 100 lncRNAs specifically up-regulated ( > 2 fold) in the castration-resistant models. These uncharacterized genes have been named HORAS: Hormone Resistance Associated Sequences. The most highly up-regulated lncRNA was HORAS1, a gene mapping on chromosome 21. Using qPCR, we have confirmed dramatic HORAS1 up-regulation in three isogenic castration-resistant/sensitive PCX pairs (5- to 113-fold change). HORAS1 was highly expressed in AR-positive PCa cell lines and was prevalently localized in the cytoplasm. We then tested the function of HORAS1 in two PCa cell lines grown in media containing castrate testosterone levels. HORAS1 silencing induced a dramatic growth arrest and activation of caspase 3/7, 8 and 9 (two distinct small-interfering RNAs vs. negative control; p < 0.01, ANOVA and Tukey post-test for all the above mentioned experiments). HORAS1 silencing also induced down-regulation of AR target genes. RNA Seq. analysis on 208 primary prostate cancer samples revealed that higher HORAS1 expression predicts shorter disease-free free survival (p < 0.01, log-rank test). Conclusions: HORAS1 is a previously uncharacterized regulator of the AR pathway. This lncRNA is required for hormone-independent prostate cancer proliferation.
Longitudinal study of pneumonitis and esophagitis-related symptoms in patients receiving concurrent chemoradiation for NSCLC.
Authors: Xin Shelley Wang, Qiuling Shi, Charles S. Cleeland, Michael O'Reilly, Ting Xu, Raza H Bokhari, Daniel Richard Gomez, Quynh Nguyen, Ritsuko Komaki, Radhe Mohan, James D. Cox, Zhongxing X. Liao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

9611 Background: Clinical practice and research often solely rely on clinician ratings of treatment toxicities, where a simple “symptomatic/not symptomatic” question to the patient is typically used in addition to clinical signs as evidence of toxicity. Prospective, patient-reported outcome (PRO)-based studies that quantify symptom development and major toxicity levels related to concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CXRT) are lacking. We longitudinally examined the relationship between PROs and clinician-rated toxicities in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with CXRT. Methods: 155 patients repeatedly reported symptoms on a 0-10 scale via the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI-Lung Cancer), from pre-CXRT for up to 6 months. Clinicians rated toxicity using the CTCAE 4.0. Patient factors (age, sex, comorbidities), worst CTCAE score of each toxicity during the study, radiation dose/volume variables, and days from start of CXRT were included in the longitudinal mixed modeling. Results: We observed a significant linear increase in coughing and shortness of breath over time during the study (both P < .0001), whereas the most-severe symptoms overall (fatigue, lack of appetite, disturbed sleep) exhibited a decrease by the end of treatment. Post-CXRT, patients with grade 2+ radiation pneumonitis (RP) had significantly more-severe cough and shortness of breath, compared with those with grade ≤ 1 RP (P < .0001). Mean lung dose was predictive of grade 2+ RP (OR, 1.27 (1.09-1.49), P = .0023). Gross tumor volume was significantly related to increased cough severity (P < .01). Pain, sore throat, and difficulty swallowing peaked by the end of CXRT, and all were significantly worse for patients with grade 2+ esophagitis vs. grade 0-1 (all P < .0001). There was no difference in symptom severity pre-CXRT by toxicity group. Conclusions: Longitudinal analysis identified temporal associations between clinician-rated toxicity and emerging patient-reported symptom burden from CXRT for NSCLC. Further investigation of the benefits of routine symptom assessment for clinical management and early prevention of RP and esophagitis is warranted.
FRI-438-Histone deacetylase 5 methylation changes in mice and patients with Wilson disease
Authors: Gaurav Vilas Sarode, Charles Mordaunt, Noreene Shibata, Christopher Bowlus, Anna Czlonkowska, Tomasz Litwin, Karl Heinz Weiss, Janine LaSalle, Valentina Medici
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
GATA-1, FOG-1, and FLI-1 regulation in essential thrombocythemia independently from JAK2 and CALR mutations.
Authors: Ciro Roberto Rinaldi, James Lally, Lillia BROWN, Ciaren Graham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

7020 Background: GATA-1 is the founding member of the GATA transcription factor family and it is essential for cell maturation and differentiation within the erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages. We and others have demonstrated that elevated GATA-1 expression is found in the bone marrow of Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) patients, independent of JAK2V617F and CALR mutations. GATA-1 is able to coordinate lineage specification through its ability to bind both DNA and protein partners that include; Friend of GATA (FOG-1) and the Friend leukemia integration 1 (FLI-1) transcription factors. FOG‐1 is vital for megakaryocyte and erythroid‐lineage commitment and its expression largely overlaps spatiotemporally with that of GATA-1. FLI-1 is an ETS family member that is expressed at high levels in megakaryocytic progenitors. In conjunction with GATA-1, FLI-1 targets those genes responsible for megakaryopoiesis. Methods: Following on from our earlier work we analyzed the expression levels of GATA-1 in relation to its interacting transcription factors, FOG-1 and FLI-1 in megakaryocyte development. Peripheral blood specimens were collected from 36 patients diagnosed with ET, 17 JAK2 mutated (47%), 4 CALR (11%) mutated, 1 MPL mutated (3%) and 14 with no molecular abnormalities, and compared with a cohort of healthy volunteers. Samples were enriched for the mononuclear fraction by Ficoll separation. Total RNA was extracted and analyzed by Real Time PCR for GATA-1, FOG-1 and FLI-1 expression relative to the housekeeping gene GAPDH using the2-ΔΔCTmethod. Results: We confirmed the data obtained in bone marrow demonstrating that GATA-1 is significantly up-regulated in ET patients and that GATA-1 overexpression is independent from JAK2V617F and CALR mutations. However, the transcription factors FOG-1 and FLI-1 do not appear to be subject to the same regulatory control in ET as that of GATA-1. Conclusions: These results suggest that GATA-1 is specifically deregulated in essential thrombocythemia.
A Rare Case of Primary Endometrial Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Hongyan Yin, Yan Hu, Yan Xiu, Rongkui Luo, Hongcheng Shi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Abstract Primary endometrial hepatoid adenocarcinoma is a rare tumor. We present a case of a 64-year-old woman with vaginal bleeding for 2 months and a markedly elevated serum α-fetoprotein of 3931 ng/mL. Hysteroscopic segmental curettage revealed endometrial adenocarcinoma. A pelvic MRI was performed for local tumor invasion, which showed only endometrial mass. An abdominal enhanced CT showed no liver lesion, which excluded primary hepatic carcinoma. Staging 18 F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated a hypermetabolic mass in the endometrium. A total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and regional lymphadenectomy were performed. Postoperatively, the mass was diagnosed as primary endometrial hepatoid adenocarcinoma.
THU-014-Primary sclerosing cholangitis-associated biliary neoplasia demonstrates a high inter- and intratumour heterogeneity
Authors: Eline Kamp, Dinjens Winand, Doukas Michael, Verheij Joanne, Bruno Marco, Groot Koerkamp Bas, Peppelenbosch Maikel, de Vries Annemarie
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
PS-053-A rapid point-of-care device for the diagnosis of hepatitis delta virus infection
Authors: Florian A. Lempp, Volkan Sakin, Shirin Nkongolo, Paul Schnitzler, Heiner Wedemeyer, Frédéric Le Gal, Emmanuel Gordien, Cihan Yurdaydin, Stephan Urban
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
tRNA Fragments Show Intertwining with mRNAs of Specific Repeat Content and Have Links to Disparities
Authors: Aristeidis G. Telonis, Phillipe Loher, Rogan Magee, Venetia Pliatsika, Eric Londin, Yohei Kirino, Isidore Rigoutsos
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

tRNA-derived fragments (tRF) are a class of potent regulatory RNAs. We mined the datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) representing 32 cancer types with a deterministic and exhaustive pipeline for tRNA fragments. We found that mitochondrial tRNAs contribute disproportionally more tRFs than nuclear tRNAs. Through integrative analyses, we uncovered a multitude of statistically significant and context-dependent associations between the identified tRFs and mRNAs. In many of the 32 cancer types, these associations involve mRNAs from developmental processes, receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, the proteasome, and metabolic pathways that include glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP synthesis. Even though the pathways are common to multiple cancers, the association of specific mRNAs with tRFs depends on and differs from cancer to cancer. The associations between tRFs and mRNAs extend to genomic properties as well; specifically, tRFs are positively correlated with shorter genes that have a higher density in repeats, such as ALUs, MIRs, and ERVLs. Conversely, tRFs are negatively correlated with longer genes that have a lower repeat density, suggesting a possible dichotomy between cell proliferation and differentiation. Analyses of bladder, lung, and kidney cancer data indicate that the tRF-mRNA wiring can also depend on a patient's sex. Sex-dependent associations involve cyclin-dependent kinases in bladder cancer, the MAPK signaling pathway in lung cancer, and purine metabolism in kidney cancer. Taken together, these findings suggest diverse and wide-ranging roles for tRFs and highlight the extensive interconnections of tRFs with key cellular processes and human genomic architecture. SIGNIFICANCE: Across 32 TCGA cancer contexts, nuclear and mitochondrial tRNA fragments exhibit associations with mRNAs that belong to concrete pathways, encode proteins with particular destinations, have a biased repeat content, and are sex dependent.
TCTAP A-122 A Randomized Controlled Trial of Paclitaxel-coated Balloon Angioplasty in Venous Anastomotic Stenosis of Dialysis Arteriovenous Graft
Authors: Min-Tsun Liao, Ting-Tse Lin, Lin Lin, Mu-Yang Hsieh, Mao-Shin Lin, Chih-Cheng Wu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)