tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract MP01: Cardiovascular Health Behavior and Health Factor Trends (1999-2014) and Projections to 2050: Results From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys
Authors: Sadiya S Khan, Nilay S Shah, Hongyan Ning, Darwin R Labarthe, Mark D Huffman, Joshua D Bundy, Martin O’Flaherty, Simon Capewell, Donald M Lloyd-Jones
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) death rates have plateaued. Hence, strategic targets to achieve reduction in CVD death rates set by the American Heart Association (20% by 2020) and others are at risk. Public health initiatives are urgently needed to refocus prevention of CVD in terms of cardiovascular health (CVH) and reduce disparities in CVH. Therefore, we sought to describe US CVH trends from 1999-2014 and forecast to 2050. Methods: We included a representative sample of 39,835 cardiovascular disease-free, non-institutionalized US adults aged ≥20 years. We calculated population prevalence of ideal, intermediate, and poor health behaviors (smoking, diet, physical activity, and body mass index) and health factors (glucose, cholesterol, and blood pressure) and individual-level composite CVH score including all 7 metrics (0-14 points) by sex, race/ethnicity, and education level as a proxy for socioeconomic status. We created forecasts to 2030 and 2050 assuming that observed trends might continue in a linear fashion. Results: Improvements from 1999-2014 in population levels of ideal blood pressure (29 to 38%) and cholesterol (43 to 50%) have been offset by declines in prevalence of ideal body weight (33 to 25%) and glucose (61 to 48%) in men with similar patterns in women and across race and education. Mean CVH score is projected to decline in all adults (men [7.5→6.9], women [7.5→6.8], blacks [7.1→6.0], whites [7.6→6.8], high school education or less [7.1→6.3], and some college education or more [7.9→6.8]) from 2013-2014 to 2050.The figure shows population prevalence by education level of poor, intermediate, and ideal levels of CVH metrics in 2013-2014 and projected prevalence for 2030 and 2050. Discussion: Encouraging progress in cholesterol and blood pressure in recent decades has been negated by persistent disparities and declines in composite CVH. The sobering predictions for 2030 and beyond highlight an urgent need for more effective prevention policies for equitable achievement of ideal CVH.
Safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) in metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC) and urothelial cancer (UC) patients (pts) with pre-existing autoimmune disorders (AD).
Authors: Nieves Martinez Chanza, Wanling Xie, Marina D. Kaymakcalan, Amin Nassar, Sarah Abou Alaiwi, Pier Vitale Nuzzo, Ronan Flippot, Anis Hamid, Ziad El Bakouny, Xiao X. Wei, Bradley Alexander McGregor, Guru Sonpavde, Toni K. Choueiri, Lauren Christine Harshman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

653 Background: The pivotal clinical trials of CPI generally excluded pts with AD given concern for serious exacerbations. There is limited data on the safety and efficacy of CPI in this population. Methods: We conducted a retrospective single center analysis of RCC and UC pts treated with CPI. Pts were grouped by presence or absence of AD. We catalogued the incidence of new irAEs (CTCAEv4), AD exacerbations, objective response rate (ORR, RECIST 1.1), and overall survival (OS, Kaplan Meier). Competing risk models estimated cumulative incidences of irAEs and CPI discontinuation using 6 months (mos) as a benchmark. Results: 271 RCC and 220 UC pts were identified. Median followup was 21 mos for RCC and 13 mos for UC. 25 (9%) RCC and 27 (12%) UC had pre-existing AD; most commonly dermatologic and rheumatologic. A minority (3% RCC/4% UC) had clinically active AD requiring concurrent immunomodulators. AD exacerbations occurred in 8 (32%) RCC and 12 (44%) UC; median time to exacerbation was 86 (25-270) and 27 (8-300) days, respectively. Cumulative incidence of new irAEs at 6 mos was numerically higher in RCC AD pts (50% vs 37%). CPI discontinuation and clinical outcomes were similar among AD and non-AD pts (Table). Conclusions: CPI are active in advanced RCC and UC pts with pre-existing AD. Exacerbations and new irAEs should be expected, but AD pts can experience similar outcomes and rates of drug discontinuation. Larger scale investigations are warranted. [Table: see text]
Effects of Canagliflozin on Heart Failure Outcomes Associated With Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Gemma A. Figtree, Karin Rådholm, Terrance D. Barrett, Vlado Perkovic, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Dick de Zeeuw, Greg Fulcher, David R. Matthews, Wayne Shaw, Bruce Neal
Journal: Circulation (2019)
A Proliferation Inducing Ligand (APRIL) targeted antibody is a safe and effective treatment of murine IgA nephropathy
Authors: James R. Myette, Toshiki Kano, Hitoshi Suzuki, Susan E. Sloan, Kristy J. Szretter, Boopathy Ramakrishnan, Hedy Adari, Ketan D. Deotale, Frank Engler, Zachary Shriver, Andrew M. Wollacott, Yusuke Suzuki, Brian J.G. Pereira
Journal: Kidney International (2019)
Circulating plasma DNA in non-small cell lung cancer patients is not influenced by inflammatory pulmonary conditions
Authors: M.A. van der Drift, B.E.A. Hol, C.D. Klaassen, C. Prinsen, Y.A.W.G. van Aarssen, P.N.R. Dekhuijzen, J.W.J. van der Stappen, F.B.J.M. Thunnissen
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Sex Differences in Treatment With ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Anna Möllsten, Cecilia Toppe, Katarina Eeg-Olofsson, Torbjörn Lind
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

Sex Differences in Treatment With ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
<i>Notes from the Field:</i> Botulism Outbreak Associated with Home-Canned Peas — New York City, 2018
Authors: Genevieve Bergeron, Julia Latash, Cherry-Ann Da Costa-Carter, Christina Egan, Faina Stavinsky, John Arek Kileci, Alison Winstead, Benyang Zhao, Michael J. Perry, Kevin Chatham-Stephens, Dost Sarpel, Scott Hughes, Maureen A. Conlon, Seth Edmunds, Mirna Mohanraj, Jennifer L. Rakeman, Dominick A. Centurioni, Carolina Lúquez, Amy K. Chiefari, Scott Harper
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2019)

In June 2018, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene investigated an outbreak of botulism among three related, adult women, which was traced to ingestion of home-canned peas. Botulinum antitoxin was administered and all three patients survived but required prolonged intensive care and rehabilitation.
Treatment during the last month of life in advanced cancer patients.
Authors: Silvia Bolzonello, Lorenzo Gerratana, Elena Poletto, Marta Bonotto, Valentina Fanotto, Marika Cinausero, Alessandra Bernardis, Federica Edith Pisa, Gianpiero Fasola
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e17649 Background: Benefit of systemic active treatment near the end-of-life is uncertain and the toxicities could be unjustified, if compared with best supportive care. Treatment’s withdrawal is often a difficult decision both for the oncologist and the patient, but may be a wise choice in several occasions, according to the first ASCO Top Five List for Oncology. This study analyzed patients that received active treatments in the end of life and the association between clinico-pathological factors and choice of active treatment. Methods: The study analyzed a retrospective series of 425 patients, treated for metastatic tumor at the Department of Oncology of Udine, Italy, deceased from 2013 to 2014. We evaluated the patients that received active treatments in the last 30 and 15 days of life. Logistic regression analysis tested the association between clinico-pathological factors and death within 30 days from the start of the last treatment. Results: Active treatment was administered in 77 (18.12%) patients in the last 30 days of life and in 41 (8,47%) patients in the last 15 days. Last line was chemotherapy for 312 (73.58%) patients, biological therapy for 72 (16.99%) and hormone-therapy for 40 (9.43%). The last active treatment was stopped because of: deterioration of clinical condition in 193 cases (45.84%), disease progression in 169 (40.14%), death in 35 (8.31%) and completed treatment in 24 cases (5.70%). Most patients (83%) were hospitalized in the last month of life and 60% died in hospital. A shorter interval between last-line treatment and death was observed in younger patients (age < = 60 years versusage > 74 years). When the model simultaneously adjusted for performance status, age and number of comorbidities, patients with performance status < 60% had an OR of 2.23 (95% CI 1.078-4.628) compared to patients with PS > 70%. Conclusions: This single-institution study showed a limited use of active treatments near the end-of-life, within the range of literature data. ECOG performance status and younger age were found to be predictive factors of treatment in the last month of life. A better integration of end-of-life non chemotherapy oriented palliative care, could contribute both to further reduce futile treatments and to join patient’s needs.
Abstract 19886: Increased Prevalence of Cerebral Microbleeds in Patients With Lower Left Ventricular Systolic Function
Authors: Yohei Yamauchi, Yumiko Kanzaki, Nobukazu Ishizaka, Masaaki Hoshiga
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Gradient-echo T2 star (T2*)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a sensitive method to detect cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). The presence of CMBs was reported to be a marker of ...
Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) versus conventional fractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (CF-IMRT) for patients with early-stage localized prostate cancer: One-year late toxicity results from a prospective randomized phase II study.
Authors: Darren M.C. Poon, Daisy Lam, Kenneth C.W. Wong, C.M Chu, Frankie Mo, Joyce Suen, Chi-Fai Ng, Anthony T. C. Chan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

27 Background: It remains uncertain whether stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is superior to conventional fractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (CF-IMRT) in the treatment of early-stage prostate cancer. Here we report the 1-year late toxicity results from this randomized phase II study comparing SBRT and CF-IMRT. Methods: The primary endpoint of this single centre randomized phase II study is the health-related quality of life (HRQOL), as measured by the bowel and urinary domains of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) instrument. The secondary endpoints include toxicities, biochemical control and overall survival. We enrolled low and intermediate risk localized prostate cancer patients (T1-T2, Gleason score ≤7 and PSA &lt;20). Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either CF-IMRT with 38 fractions of 2 Gy in 7.5 weeks (five fractions per week) or SBRT with 5 fractions of 7.25 Gy in 2 weeks (three fractions per week). Neoadjuvant androgen-deprivation treatment is optional for the intermediate risk patients. A 1-year late adverse event is defined as the first occurrence of worst severity of the adverse event within 1 year after the completion of RT, and it was evaluated with the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.0). Patient recruitment was completed in May 2017. Results: Between Jan 2015 and May 2017, 68 patients were recruited and 4 patients were not eligible. 64 patients were randomized to treatments with SBRT (n=31) or CF-IMRT (n=33). At 1- year follow-up, two grade 3 genitourinary (GU) late toxicities, one in each arm (3%), were reported. SBRT patients experienced significantly less ≥ grade 1 late gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities (SBRT vs IMRT: 64% vs 84%, p=0.041) and similar ≥grade 1 late GU toxicities (SBRT vs IMRT: 93% vs 100%, p=0.2307) to IMRT patients. Conclusions: SBRT results in significantly less 1-year late GI toxicities than CF-IMRT in with low and intermediate risk prostate cancer. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02339701). Clinical trial information: NCT02339701.
Results of a phase II study of atezolizumab and bevacizumab in non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) and clear cell renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid differentiation (sccRCC).
Authors: Rana R. McKay, Bradley Alexander McGregor, Kathryn Gray, John A. Steinharter, Meghara K. Walsh, David A. Braun, Abdallah Flaifel, Eliezer VanAllen, Xiao X. Wei, Sabina Signoretti, Lauren Christine Harshman, Ulka N. Vaishampayan, Toni K. Choueiri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

548 Background: NccRCC and sccRCC have historically been underrepresented in clinical trials. Even with targeted therapy, most patients have inferior survival compared to clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab has demonstrated safety and efficacy in ccRCC. In this multicenter, phase II, open-label, single arm trial we evaluate the efficacy of atezolizumab and bevacizumab in patients with nccRCC and sccRCC with &gt;20% sarcomatoid differentiation. Methods: Eligible patients had an ECOG performance status of 0-2 and may have received prior therapy. Prior PD-1/PD-L1 therapy was not allowed. Patients underwent a mandatory baseline biopsy and subsequently received atezolizumab 120 mg and bevacizumab 15 mg/kg intravenously every 3 weeks. Patients remained on therapy until radiographic progression, unacceptable adverse events, or withdrawal. The primary end point was overall response rate (ORR) as determined by RECIST version 1.1. Results: 65 patients were enrolled of whom 52 had ≥1 response assessment and were included in this analysis. 36 patients had nccRCC (papillary n=14, chromophobe n=8, unclassified RCC n=3, collecting duct n=3, translocation n=3, other n=5), and 16 patients had sccRCC. 17 patients received prior systemic therapy, 16 of whom had nccRCC. The ORR was 31% in the overall cohort (Table 1). 10 patients (19%) developed grade 3 treatment-related adverse events (AEs), half of which were immune-related. There were no grade 4-5 AEs. Conclusions: In this study, we show that therapy with atezolizumab and bevacizumab was safe and demonstrated anti-tumor activity in nccRCC and sccRCC. Further analyses will report ORR by histologic subtype and PD-L1 expression status. Analysis of tissue and blood-based biomarkers of response are ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT02724878. [Table: see text]
Soft Conducting Elastomer for Peripheral Nerve Interface
Authors: Xin Zheng, Kevin M. Woeppel, Azante Y. Griffith, Emily Chang, Michael J. Looker, Lee E. Fisher, Brady J. Clapsaddle, Xinyan Tracy Cui
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2019)

State-of-the-art intraneural electrodes made from silicon or polyimide substrates have shown promise in selectively modulating efferent and afferent activity in the peripheral nervous system. However, when chronically implanted, these devices trigger a multiphase foreign body response ending in device encapsulation. The presence of encapsulation increases the distance between the electrode and the excitable tissue, which not only reduces the recordable signal amplitude but also requires increased current to activate nearby axons. Herein, this study reports a novel conducting polymer based intraneural electrode which has Young's moduli similar to that of nerve tissue. The study first describes material optimization of the soft wire conductive matrix and evaluates their mechanical and electrochemical properties. Second, the study demonstrates 3T3 cell survival when cultured with media eluted from the soft wires. Third, the study presents acute in vivo functionality for stimulation of peripheral nerves to evoke force and compound muscle action potential in a rat model. Furthermore, comprehensive histological analyses show that soft wires elicit significantly less scar tissue encapsulation, less changes to axon size, density and morphology, and reduced macrophage activation compared to polyimide implants in the sciatic nerves at 1 month postimplantation.
Perceptions of clinical trial participation in African American cancer patients.
Authors: Daniel M. Geynisman, Linda Fleisher, Sarah Bauerle Bass, Armenta Washington, Andrea Nicholson, Laurie Maurer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

6550 Background: African Americans (AA) participate in oncologic clinical trials (CT) at lower rates than Caucasians, despite a disproportionally high rate of cancer. While general barriers to participation in CT among AA have been explored, little is known in regard to specific differences of perspectives in those who do or do not participate. Based on an initial and separate qualitative analysis of 16 patients, a perceptual mapping survey was developed to explore barriers and facilitators to participation in CT amongst AA. Methods: We surveyed AA adult cancer patients at two cancer centers about demographics and knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and perceptions in regard to CT. We asked them to report how much they agreed or disagreed on a 0-10 scale (0 = strongly disagree, 10 = strongly agree) with statements regarding clinical trials’ helpfulness, benefits, barriers, and value, support from those around them, and beliefs about healthcare providers. We used descriptive statistics and t-tests to assess for differences between those willing to and unwilling to participate in CT. Results: Of 41 patients recruited, 54% have not participated in a CT within the last 9 months. Mean age was 60 years (27-78), 51% were female, 39% completed high school and 71% had private insurance. CT participants more strongly agreed that their doctor had given them enough information to make a decision about being part of a CT (p < 0.001). Agreement that the benefits of being in a CT outweigh the possible side effects (p = .016) and that being in a CT offers the best treatment available for cancer (p = .015) were also stronger among CT participants. Non-CT participants more strongly believed that being in a clinical trial would make them sicker (p = .019), that important information would be withheld from them if they were in a clinical trial (p = .008) and that no one talked to them about being part of a CT (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Significant perceptual differences between AA cancer patients who have and have not participated in a CT were noted. Greater attention needs to be given to addressing negative perceptions of CT, as well as ensuring that all AA cancer patients receive clear and sufficient information regarding CT participation in order to make an informed decision about their care.
Supportive therapy with nucleic acid-based immune drugs in patients with maxillary cancer during postoperative period.
Authors: Marina Engibaryan, Elena Yurievna Zlatnik, Yulia Ulianova, Inna Arnoldovna Novikova, Andrey Vladimirovich Bakhtin, Olesya N. Selyutina, Galina I. Zakora
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e17047 Background: The purpose of the study was to assess sodium nucleate (N) and sodium nucleospermate (NS) for patients with maxillary cancer during postoperative period and to evaluate the dynamics of immune status of patients. Methods: 30 patients with stage III-IV maxillary cancer received resection of the upper jaw or maxillofacial complex with prior ligation of the external carotid artery, then patients were divided into two groups: main group - 20 patients received standard antibacterial therapy with third-generation cephalosporins plus N (10 patients) or NS (10 patients) during postoperative period; control group – 10 patients received standard antibacterial therapy. The drugs were applied since the first day after the surgery during 7-10 days: N 1 g a day, NS 5 ml a day. Immune status was assessed before and during the treatment (on d. 2 and 7) by flow cytofluorimetry using BD CantoII cytometer detecting levels of Т, В, NK-cells (CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD19+, CD16+CD56+). Results: Surgical wound healing by primary intention was observed in all patients of the main group; 2 patients of the control group had festering with rhinostoma formation. Positive changes in immune status parameters were found in the main group, which differed depending on the drug. Higher levels of granulocytes were observe in patients receiving N in comparison with those receiving NS (73.6±2.8 vs. 66.5±2.6%), as well as higher levels of Т(CD3+)-lymphocytes (77.7±2.6 vs. 67.6±3.7%) due to CD3+CD8+ (30.4±3.8 vs. 22.2±2.9%) and NКТ cells (6.0±1.3 vs 3.3±0.65%) (Р < 0.05 for all cases). Conclusions: Supportive therapy with sodium nucleate and sodium nucleospermate in patients with maxillary cancer during postoperative period contributes to improvement of clinical and immunological dynamics.
Molecular profile comparison of endometrial, renal and ovarian clear cell carcinoma: Is it the same disease at different sites?
Authors: Robert Debernardo, Haider Mahdi, Kenneth Russell, Joanne Xiu, Sherri Z. Millis, Sandeep K. Reddy, Michael Friedlander
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

5595 Background: Clear cell carcinomas (CCC) are histologically similar, however their clinical course varies widely based on the organ of origin. Clear cell uterine carcinoma (CCUC) accounts for approximately 5% of endometrial carcinomas and exhibit aggressive clinical behavior with poor outcomes. Clear cell ovarian cancers (CCOCs) are a subtype of epithelial ovarian cancers that are chemo-resistant with a poorer prognosis than other subtypes. 70% of renal cell carcinomas are clear cell (CCRCs), and respond to TKIs and mTOR inhibitors. It’s unknown if these CCC rely on similar molecular pathways. Tumor profiling was used to identify subsets of CCC that may benefit from different therapies. Methods: 139 CCUCs, 409 CCOCs and 94 CCRCs were tested using a commercial multiplatform profiling service (Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ). Specific tests performed included sequencing (Sanger, NGS), protein expression (IHC) and gene amplification (CISH or FISH). Results: CCUCs had more TP53 mutations than CCOCs and CCRCs (40% vs 16% vs 14%). Compared to CCUCs and CCOCs, CCRCs had fewer mutations in the mTOR pathway (PIK3CA – 4% vs 25% vs 40%; PTEN - 1% vs 26% vs 3%) and the MAPK pathway (KRAS – 0% vs 14% vs 11%). VHL mutations were only seen in CCRCs (47% vs 0% vs 0%). ER and PR overexpression was more common in CCUCs than CCOCs and rare in CCRCs (ER – 35% vs 8% vs 0%; PR – 22% vs 13% vs 2%). AR overexpression was more common in CCRCs (26% vs 7% vs 5%). In contrast to CCUC and CCOC, no Her2 alterations measured by IHC, ISH or SEQ were seen in CCRCs.TOP2A, TS and RRM1 were expressed at a higher rate in CCUCs and CCOCs than CCRCs (TOP2A – 81% vs 63% vs 27%; TS - 46% vs 51% vs 16%; RRM1 – 22% vs 19% vs 2%). All CCC types had some immune-positivity for PD-1 (73%,47%, 68%) or PD-L1 (13%, 6%,29%). Conclusions: While CCUCs and CCOCs share similarities, the molecular profiling shows significant differences compared with CCRCs. This data suggest blockade of the mTOR and/or MAPK pathways may be important in CCUCs and CCOCs. Further, anti-angiogenic agents are more likely to be of benefit in CCRCs. Immunotherapies warrant further investigation in selected CCC patients. Future studies are needed to correlate these markers with sensitivity to chemotherapy.