tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sci45 Speciality Choice Inventory
Authors: Anja Weidmann, Bruno Rushforth
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The Open University has produced an interactive CD Rom package that uses psychometric testing to help medical students and junior doctors select a specialty that best fits with their own attitudes, aspirations, and personal characteristics. Aimed particularly at preregistration house officers and senior house officers, but suitable for all those in the final years of their medical training, Sci45 Speciality Choice Inventory is meant to augment any existing careers advice available …
Infants born to mothers with IBD present with altered gut microbiome that transfers abnormalities of the adaptive immune system to germ-free mice
Authors: Joana Torres, Jianzhong Hu, Akihiro Seki, Caroline Eisele, Nilendra Nair, Ruiqi Huang, Leonid Tarassishin, Bindia Jharap, Justin Cote-Daigneault, Qixing Mao, Ilaria Mogno, Graham J Britton, Mathieu Uzzan, Ching-Lynn Chen, Asher Kornbluth, James George, Peter Legnani, Elana Maser, Holly Loudon, Joanne Stone, Marla Dubinsky, Jeremiah J Faith, Jose C Clemente, Saurabh Mehandru, Jean-Frederic Colombel, Inga Peter
Journal: Gut (2019)

Background and aims Prenatal and early life bacterial colonisation is thought to play a major role in shaping the immune system. Furthermore, accumulating evidence links early life exposures to the risk of developing IBD later in life. We aimed to assess the effect of maternal IBD on the composition of the microbiome during pregnancy and on the offspring’s microbiome. Methods We prospectively examined the diversity and taxonomy of the microbiome of pregnant women with and without IBD and their babies at multiple time points. We evaluated the role of maternal IBD diagnosis, the mode of delivery, antibiotic use and feeding behaviour on the microbiome composition during early life. To assess the effects of IBD-associated maternal and infant microbiota on the enteric immune system, we inoculated germ-free mice (GFM) with the respective stool and profiled adaptive and innate immune cell populations in the murine intestines. Results Pregnant women with IBD and their offspring presented with lower bacterial diversity and altered bacterial composition compared with control women and their babies. Maternal IBD was the main predictor of the microbiota diversity in the infant gut at 7, 14, 30, 60 and 90 days of life. Babies born to mothers with IBD demonstrated enrichment in Gammaproteobacteria and depletion in Bifidobacteria . Finally, GFM inoculated with third trimester IBD mother and 90-day infant stools showed significantly reduced microbial diversity and fewer class-switched memory B cells and regulatory T cells in the colon. Conclusion Aberrant gut microbiota composition persists during pregnancy with IBD and alters the bacterial diversity and abundance in the infant stool. The dysbiotic microbiota triggered abnormal imprinting of the intestinal immune system in GFM.
Minerva: September 2001
Authors: John Milton, R M Bateman, R N Sawyer
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The synthesis of a new class of ring peptides that selectively increase the permeability of bacterial cell membranes is reported in Nature (2001;412:452-5). The accompanying in vitro and pilot studies in mice demonstrating the efficacy of these peptides against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus are encouraging. New antimicrobial agents are urgently needed to counter growing drug resistance.

The difficulty of accurately charting the spread of an emerging infectious disease is illustrated by a seroepidemiological survey undertaken six weeks after New York's first epidemic of West Nile encephalitis (Lancet 2001;358:261-4). The 1999 outbreak was thought to have affected 2.6% of the population, but the survey data show that 90% of mildly symptomatic and asymptomatic infections were missed.



The side effects of treatment may take time to become apparent. In this instance a man with schizophrenia developed restless toes, a movement disorder associated with flupentixol decanoate, a depot antipsychotic drug. The condition was detected only when holes appeared in his …
Testing students for bloodborne viruses: passports and confidentiality
Authors: Drew Kinmond
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Recent reports have told of medical schools issuing students with “health passports” or “health certificates.” These are pieces of paper, sometimes laminated, sometimes with a photo of the student, that detail the student’s name, date of birth, course, university, and HIV and hepatitis viruses B and C status. The passports must be presented at every occupational health department where the student is on placement. …
Abstract 19558: Elective Cardiac Arrest With HTK-Bretschneider Solution or Blood Cardioplegia According to Calafiore in Complex Triple Valve Surgery: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Alexandro A Hoyer, Thilo Noack, Philipp Kiefer, David M Holzhey, Sven Lehmann, Jens Garbade, Farhad Bakhtiary, Martin Misfeld, Joerg Seeburger, Friedrich W Mohr
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Evidence on outcome of complex cardiac surgery such as triple valve surgery (TVS) with concomitant procedures depending on the cardioplegic solution is scarce. Hypothesis: Myocardial ...
The "Ideal" Method for Fat Quantification and Iron-Corrected T1 Accurately Measure the Presence and Severity of the Individual Histological Features of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)
Authors: M S Siddiqui, A Grawenda, R Cadrain, R Collen, J Steinberg, V A Luketic, A Dennis, K Hildick, M Kelly, S Neubauer, R Banerjee, A J Sanyal
Journal: Hepatology (2018)
Radio Ga-Ga
Authors: Marc Gutenstein
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Medicine surrounds us. Like a second atmosphere it's every. where, permeating into everything. Go to work, it's medicine. Come home and read the paper, there's medicine on the front page. Open a magazine, there's illness everywhere. Turn on the television, and a thousand fly on the wall docu-soaps scream out at you. Sleep medicine, breathe medicine, eat medicine. We're a nation truly obsessed, unable to live for the present, and running frantically from the inevitable. So perhaps it's not so surprising that even the most innocuous of things have been caught up in our tangled medical lives. I just never realised until recently how bad the situation had become.

Two weeks ago, cruising south on the M6 motorway, surrounded …
Medical audit in general practice. II: Effects on health of patients with common childhood conditions. North of England Study of Standards and Performance in General Practice.
Authors: Ian Russell
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To estimate the effects of medical audit, particularly setting clinical standards, on patients' health.Before and after study strengthened by a replicated Latin square.62 training general practices in the north of England.Random sample of 9000 children with any of five conditions--acute cough, acute vomiting, bedwetting, itchy rash, and recurrent wheezy chest--stratified by doctor consulted, condition, and age.Clinical standard set by each of 10 small groups comprising 84 general practitioner trainers for one randomly selected childhood condition. Each group also experienced a different type of medical audit, randomly selected, for each of the four other study conditions (receiving a clinical standard set by another trainer group, tabulated data comparing clinical performance with that of all other groups, tabulated data from only their own group, and nothing ("control" condition)).Condition specific, functional, psychological, and educational outcomes; together with parent satisfaction (recorded by home interviews and postal questionnaires).Children consulting trainers for recurrent wheezy chest after those doctors had set a standard for that condition improved both in drug compliance (79% (n = 33) before standard setting v 93% (30) after) and mean number of days of breathlessness (3.8 (SE 1.0) before v 1.7 (0.6) after) and wheeziness (4.7 (0.9) before v 1.8 (0.6) after), compared with those consulting doctors who had not (compliance 74% (144) before v 72% (146) after; breathlessness 2.4 (0.4) before v 2.3 (0.3) after; wheeziness 3.0 (0.4) before v 2.7 (0.4) after). There were no other significant effects of standard setting or audit on patients' health.Setting clinical standards improved drug compliance and respiratory function in children with recurrent wheezy chest.
Soundings: Extreme generosity
Authors: Thomas Hanna
Journal: BMJ (2003)

I was recently struck by how I often take for granted the unique relationship that medical students have with patients. So many patients embrace medical students and open up to them in a way they wouldnt with a doctor.



Throughout my time on the wards, what starts as a simple history often deviates into the patient divulging highly personal information about their illness, life, and family. Ive heard …
What's on the web? Case studies
Authors: Susmita Barman
Journal: BMJ (2003)

How about going on a grand round in a virtual hospital with all its beds occupied by patients suffering from complicated cases? And trying your new found diagnostic and clinical management skills against leading medical experts in solving the true life cases? Case study sites are numerous so you must pick and choose sensibly. The Karolinska Institute runs a site (http://www.mic.ki.se/Medcases.html) which helps sort the wheat from the chaff. Run by the library of this famous Swedish …
Canadian medical students are flocking to Ireland
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Despite a shortage of doctors in Canada, many good students are being refused admission to that country's medical schools and are flocking to Ireland's instead - so much so that the Canadian Medical Association's news and features editor, Pat Sullivan, calls Ireland the home of Canada's “17th medical school.”

In an article in the Journal of the Canadian Medical Association , he says that more than 100 Canadians are currently enrolled in medicine at University College Dublin, University College Cork, Trinity College Dublin, and the Royal College …
Medical students poor at searching for evidence based answers
Authors: Kay Seong Ngoo
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Senior medical and nursing students are not efficient enough in retrieving relevant evidence based information to answer clinical questions. Nevertheless, medical students improve on their ability to answer questions after using an information retrieval system.

Information retrieval systems such as medical databases and the techniques of evidence based medicine are widely adopted by healthcare providers for research and practical purposes. This ensures that the best clinical decision and care are delivered to patients. Previous studies have …
Preparing the Cardiovascular Workforce to Care for Oncology Patients
Authors: Salim S. Hayek, Sarju Ganatra, Carrie Lenneman, Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie, Monika Leja, Daniel J. Lenihan, Eric Yang, Thomas D. Ryan, Jennifer Liu, Joseph Carver, Negareh Mousavi, Rupal O’Quinn, Anita Arnold, Jose Banchs, Ana Barac, Bonnie Ky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
Annals On Call - Stories in Medicine
Authors: Robert M. Centor, Faith T. Fitzgerald
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

Web Exclusives7 May 2019Annals On Call - Stories in MedicineFREERobert M. Centor, MD and Faith T. Fitzgerald, MDRobert M. Centor, MDHuntsville Regional Medical Campus, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama (R.M.C.)Search for more papers by this author and Faith T. Fitzgerald, MDUniversity of California, Davis, Sacramento, California (F.T.F.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/A19-0004 SectionsAboutVisual Abstract ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail In this episode of Annals On Call, Dr. Centor discusses the importance of stories in medicine with Dr. Faith Fitzgerald.About Annals On CallAnnals On Call focuses on a clinically influential article published in Annals of Internal Medicine. Dr. Robert Centor shares his own perspective on the material and interviews topic area experts to discuss, debate, and share diverse insights about patient care and health care delivery.For more information on Annals On Call and for more episodes, visit go.annals.org/OnCall. Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Huntsville Regional Medical Campus, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama (R.M.C.)University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California (F.T.F.)Disclosures: Dr. Centor has disclosed the following: Honoraria: Medscape. Dr. Fitzgerald has disclosed no conflicts of interest.Editors' Disclosures: Christine Laine, MD, MPH, Editor in Chief, reports that her spouse has stock options/holdings with Targeted Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Darren B. Taichman, MD, PhD, Executive Editor, reports that he has no financial relationships or interests to disclose. Cynthia D. Mulrow, MD, MSc, Senior Deputy Editor, reports that she has no relationships or interests to disclose. Jaya K. Rao, MD, MHS, Deputy Editor, reports that she has stock holdings/options in Eli Lilly and Pfizer. Catharine B. Stack, PhD, MS, Deputy Editor, Statistics, reports that she has stock holdings in Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, and Colgate-Palmolive. Christina C. Wee, MD, MPH, Deputy Editor, reports employment with Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Sankey V. Williams, MD, Deputy Editor, reports that he has no financial relationships or interests to disclose. Yu-Xiao Yang, MD, MSCE, Deputy Editor, reports that he has no financial relationships or interest to disclose. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 7 May 2019Volume 170, Issue 9Page: OC1KeywordsConflicts of interestDiagnostic techniquesDisclosureHealth carePatients ePublished: 7 May 2019 Issue Published: 7 May 2019 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2019 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Abstract 16498: Monitoring of Safety and Effectiveness of Dabigatran Relative to Warfarin in Routine Care
Authors: Chandrasekar Gopalakrishnan, Krista F Huybrechts, Adrian S Ortiz, Kristina Zint, Dorothee B Bartels, Sebastian Schneeweiss
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold-standard study design and form the basis for approval of prescription drugs. However, RCTs often include a selected study p...
A positive feed-forward loop between LncRNA-URRCC and EGFL7/P-AKT/FOXO3 signaling promotes proliferation and metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Wei Zhai, Rujian Zhu, Junjie Ma, Dongkui Gong, Haimin Zhang, Jin Zhang, Yonghui Chen, Yiran Huang, Junhua Zheng, Wei Xue
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2019)

The aberrant expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) has recently emerged as key molecules in human cancers; however, whether lncRNAs are implicated in the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear.Candidate lncRNAs were selected using microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect lncRNAs expression in human ccRCC tissues. Overexpression and knocking down experiments in vivo and in vitro were performed to uncover the biological roles of lncRNA-URRCC on ccRCC cell proliferation and invasion. Microarray, chromatin immunoprecipitation, Luciferase reporter assay and western blot were constructed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of lncRNA-URRCC.The microarray analysis and qRT-PCR identified a new lncRNA, URRCC, whose expression is upregulated in RCC samples and associated with poor prognosis, leading to promote ccRCC cell proliferation and invasion. Mechanistically, URRCC enhances the expression of EGFL7 via mediating histone H3 acetylation of EGFL7 promoter, activation of P-AKT signaling, and suppressing P-AKT downstream gene, FOXO3. In return, FOXO3 could inhibit the transcription of URRCC via binding to the special region on the promoter of URRCC.Our data suggests that targeting this newly identified feed-back loop between LncRNA-URRCC and EGFL7/P-AKT/FOXO3 signaling may enhance the efficacy of existing therapy and potentially imparts a new avenue to develop more potent therapeutic approaches to suppress RCC progression.
Clinical examination videos
Authors: Andrew Coia Macdonald
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Video demonstrations of clinical examinations offer a fantastic opportunity to see them being done slickly by experienced practitioners. This can be a great way to acquire new skills or to polish up ones you already know. American universities were the first to put such videos on the web, but some British institutions are now jumping on the bandwagon.

St George's, University of London, hosts a Clinical Skills Online website (www.elu.sgul.ac.uk/cso/). It shows a number of basic examinations in high quality Quicktime or Windows media (AVI) format. It also demonstrates a variety of clinical skills from venepuncture to catheterisation. This site looks well suited to students in their first clinical year, but a lack of specialty specific examinations such as orthopaedic or neurological may disappoint those in later years.

Ask Doctor Clarke (www.askdoctorclarke.com) provides not only videos but a whole …
Abstract 19138: Gender Differences in Survival With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Defibrillators in the NCDR ICD Registry
Authors: Kenneth C Bilchick, Yongfei Wang, Jeptha Curtis, Kumar Dharmarajan, Alan Cheng, Wayne Levy
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Gender differences in outcomes after cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators (CRT-Ds) have been described in clinical trials, but the influence of gender on CRT-D outcomes in...
Visual distractions cause memory overload
Authors: Siân Knight
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Too many visual distractions may affect our ability to concentrate, says a report published in Science (2001;291:1803-6). Excess visual input fills up working memory, the process in which information is temporarily stored in the brain. The amount of free working memory affects the level of concentration, so as the memory fills up it becomes more difficult to ignore distractions.

“Our findings suggest that, especially in an environment in which …
They Dont Know Whats Wrong
Authors: Rhona MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Patients expect us to be able to explain why they feel like they do and to be able attach a diagnostic label to all their symptoms, however weird and wonderful. It says something about modern medicine that patients often feel relieved at having something “legitimate” wrong with them, however awful. They have been vindicated. They are no longer time wasters, malingerers, or hypochondriacs, …
Picture quiz: A child with multiple fractures
Authors: William Asher, Mark J Curtis
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A 3 year old boy presented with injuries after tripping and falling at home. His parents observed the incident and gave a history of a low impact fall. On examination he was distressed and clearly in pain, with bruising, tenderness, and deformity of both the left upper limb and right lower limb. He had a temperature of 37.8 degree C, his pulse rate was 110 beats/min, and his respiratory rate was 25 breaths/min. On auscultation, heart sounds were normal. Also, the patient had blue sclera and brown-grey discolouration of his teeth. Plain radiographs are shown in figs 1 and 2. His parents reported that there is a family history of this condition, as shown by the pedigree in fig 3. Fig 1 Anteroposterior radiograph of the left arm Fig 2 Anteroposterior radiograph of the right femur
Students and teachers prefer early experience
Authors: Ahmed Kassem
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Medical students and teachers favour having early clinical experience in medical school, a study in the BMJ has found (2004;329:834-7).

Tim Dornan, consultant physician, and Chris Bundy, senior lecturer in health psychology, from Manchester University led group discussions with 64 students, staff, and curriculum leaders from three medical schools in the United Kingdom.

Results indicated that without early experience, the medical curriculum …
Abstract 17290: Stimulation of Angiogenesis by Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Paracrine and Autocrine Roles of SLIT3
Authors: Shuyun Wang, Shan Huang, Vadim Rosin, Sean Johnson, Jeffrey Lee, Joshua Wong, Eric Colomb, Russell Witt, Stephen J Weiss, Ming-Sing Si
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being developed as proangiogenic agents. However, clinical experience with MSCs is equivocal, and it is unknown if (and why) MSCs from different tiss...
Unfinished Business: what do you know about it?
Authors: Alan Naftalin
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Unfinished Business: Proposals for the Reform of Senior House Officer Grade was published by the Department of Health on 21 August 2002 as a consultation document. The report has a wider brief than just reforming the senior house officer grade and strays into reform of the non-training non-consultant grade and into restructuring the certificate of completion of specialist training years. This will affect all practising doctors and medical students future careers if it is approved and implemented.

The puzzling thing is that the journals that are read by trainees and medical students show little interest. Speaking to the preregistration house officers at my trust in the middle of October, I learnt that none of the 15 present (almost all of them recent UK graduates), had heard of the document.

I work in a busy district general hospital with an active academic centre. …
Abstract 19315: Fibroblast Smad 3 Signaling Protects Cardiomyocytes in the Pressure-Overloaded Myocardium
Authors: Ilaria Russo, Michele Cavalera, Ya Su, Na Li, Simon J Conway, Jonathan M Graff, Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: In pressure-overloaded heart, cardiac remodeling, dysfunction and fibrosis are associated with activation of TGF-β/Smad3 signaling. In vitro, Smad3 is implicated in fibroblast activat...
Exodus by Sebastiao Salgado
Authors: Mareeni Raymond
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Internationally acclaimed artist Sebastiao Salgado has taken photographs of people in exodus all over the world. For the first time in 10 years his work is being shown in London.

Salgado is a human rights activist and has witnessed mass migration due to political instability all over the world. The photographs are a selection of those taken on his travels in Asia, Africa, central Europe, and Latin America. The pictures, taken between 1993 and 1999, are a photographic history of migration during those years.

Whether it is …
Shigella sonnei infections in Norway associated with sugar peas, May – June 2009
Authors: B  T Heier, K Nygård, G Kapperud, B A Lindstedt, G S Johannessen, H Blekkan
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

In May 2009, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH) identified a possible outbreak of Shigella sonnei infection involving four cases. Additionally, five suspected cases in two separate households were reported. Inspectors from the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) visited the two households and found an unopened package of sugar peas imported from Kenya in one of the households. One sample from the sugar peas was positive for Shigella sonnei by two PCR methods. Based on this result and information from patient interviews, the NFSA prohibited all sales of sugar peas imported from Kenya.
Parkland Trauma Handbook
Authors: Andy Conway Morris
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Trauma care is a comparatively new specialty whose origins lie in the advent of that particularly unpleasant 20th century feature, mass warfare. The need to deal with large numbers of acutely injured patients brought about not only the concept of triage but also the need rapidly and effectively to treat life threatening trauma.

After a plane crash in 1976, an American surgeon established the advanced trauma life support (ATLS) protocols, which were the basis for those in use internationally today. The use of these structured protocols has improved mortality …