tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Osteoporosis in Men
Authors: Sundeep Khosla, Shreyasee Amin, Eric Orwoll
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2008)

With the aging of the population, there is a growing recognition that osteoporosis and fractures in men are a significant public health problem, and both hip and vertebral fractures are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in men. Osteoporosis in men is a heterogeneous clinical entity: whereas most men experience bone loss with aging, some men develop osteoporosis at a relatively young age, often for unexplained reasons (idiopathic osteoporosis). Declining sex steroid levels and other hormonal changes likely contribute to age-related bone loss, as do impairments in osteoblast number and/or activity. Secondary causes of osteoporosis also play a significant role in pathogenesis. Although there is ongoing controversy regarding whether osteoporosis in men should be diagnosed based on female- or male-specific reference ranges (because some evidence indicates that the risk of fracture is similar in women and men for a given level of bone mineral density), a diagnosis of osteoporosis in men is generally made based on male-specific reference ranges. Treatment consists both of nonpharmacological (lifestyle factors, calcium and vitamin D supplementation) and pharmacological (most commonly bisphosphonates or PTH) approaches, with efficacy similar to that seen in women. Increasing awareness of osteoporosis in men among physicians and the lay public is critical for the prevention of fractures in our aging male population.
Neural Correlates of the Dual-Pathway Model for ADHD in Adolescents
Authors: Chun Shen, Qiang Luo, Tianye Jia, Qi Zhao, Sylvane Desrivières, Erin Burke Quinlan, Tobias Banaschewski, Sabina Millenet, Arun L.W. Bokde, Christian Büchel, Herta Flor, Vincent Frouin, Hugh Garavan, Penny Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Bernd Ittermann, Jean-Luc Martinot, Eric Artiges, Marie-Laure Paillère-Martinot, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Tomáš Paus, Luise Poustka, Juliane H. Fröhner, Michael N. Smolka, Henrik Walter, Robert Whelan, Fei Li, Jianfeng Feng, Gunter Schumann, Barbara J. Sahakian
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2020)

Objective: The dual-pathway model has been proposed to explain the heterogeneity in symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by two independent psychological pathways based on distinct brain circuits. The authors sought to test whether the hypothesized cognitive and motivational pathways have separable neural correlates. Methods: In a longitudinal community-based cohort of 1,963 adolescents, the neuroanatomical correlates of ADHD were identified by a voxel-wise association analysis and then validated using an independent clinical sample (99 never-medicated patients with ADHD, 56 medicated patients with ADHD, and 267 healthy control subjects). The cognitive and motivational pathways were assessed by neuropsychological tests of working memory, intrasubject variability, stop-signal reaction time, and delay discounting. The associations were tested between the identified neuroanatomical correlates and both ADHD symptoms 2 years later and the polygenic risk score for ADHD. Results: Gray matter volumes of both a prefrontal cluster and a posterior occipital cluster were negatively associated with inattention. Compared with healthy control subjects, never-medicated patients, but not medicated patients, had significantly lower gray matter volumes in these two clusters. Working memory and intrasubject variability were associated with the posterior occipital cluster, and delay discounting was independently associated with both clusters. The baseline gray matter volume of the posterior occipital cluster predicted the inattention symptoms in a 2-year follow-up and was associated with the genetic risk for ADHD. Conclusions: The dual-pathway model has both shared and separable neuroanatomical correlates, and the shared correlate in the occipital cortex has the potential to serve as an imaging trait marker of ADHD, especially the inattention symptom domain.
Drug-loaded chitosan film prepared via facile solution casting and air-drying of plain water-based chitosan solution for ocular drug delivery
Authors: Boxuan Li, Juan Wang, Qin Gui, Hu Yang
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2020)

Chitosan is a nature-based polymer with low toxicity, excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, the intractable solubility of chitosan in water and most conventional solvents hampers its biomedical applications. Following the dissolution method for dissolving chitosan in plain water developed by us, chitosan was dissolved in ionic liquid followed by overnight freezing at −20 °C and subsequent solvent exchange with plain water at room temperature. In this study, we fabricated a drug-carrying chitosan film via solution casting and air-drying by using the plain water-based chitosan solution. Specifically, brimonidine tartrate (BT), an antiglaucoma drug, was dissolved in the plain-water based solution and used to prepare BT-loaded chitosan film, i.e., chitosan-BT film. The resulting film is transparent, structurally stable, and mucoadhesive. Micro-sized antiglaucoma BT drug crystals form and are well dispersed in the chitosan film. The chitosan-BT film enables BT to have a high corneal permeability with fast drug release kinetics for potential ocular drug delivery.
Intragastric Balloon Placement Induces Significant Metabolic and Histologic Improvement in Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Fateh Bazerbachi, Eric J. Vargas, Monika Rizk, Daniel B. Maselli, Taofic Mounajjed, Sudhakar K. Venkatesh, Kymberly D. Watt, John D. Port, Rita Basu, Andres Acosta, Ibrahim Hanouneh, Naveen Gara, Meera Shah, Manpreet Mundi, Matthew Clark, Karen Grothe, Andrew C. Storm, Michael J. Levy, Barham K. Abu Dayyeh
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)
Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice - Part 1
Authors: Ahmed Al-Jabir, Ahmed Kerwan, Maria Nicola, Zaid Alsafi, Mehdi Khan, Catrin Sohrabi, Niamh O'Neill, Christos Iosifidis, Michelle Griffin, Ginimol Mathew, Riaz Agha
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2020)
Preclinical Efficacy of MEK Inhibition in Nras Mutant Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Michael R. Burgess, Eugene Hwang, Ari J Firestone, Tannie Huang, Jin Xu, Johannes Zuber, Natacha Bohin, Tiffany Wen, Scott C. Kogan, Kevin M. Haigis, Scott W. Lowe, Kevin Shannon, Qing Li
Journal: Blood (2014)
How certain molecules of the immune system affect bullous pemphigoid
Authors: A. Kamata, Y. Kurihara, T. Funakoshi, H. Takahashi, K. Kuroda, T. Hachiya, M. Amagai, J. Yamagami
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a rare skin disease that mainly affects people aged over 60. Patients develop red patches and blisters. BP is an autoimmune skin disease, meaning that antibodies – instead of attacking dangerous microorganisms as they are meant to – instead recognize and attach to molecules present in normal skin, causing an inflammatory reaction. The two autoantigens (molecules) targeted by BP autoantibodies are BP180 and BP230, both of which are components of the basement membrane zone (BMZ, the junction between the outer and middle layers of skin). In addition to autoantibodies called IgG, a subset of BP patients show deposition (presence) of a different antibody called IgE in the BMZ, yet the relationship between BMZ IgE and the severity of BP remains unclear. In this study, from Japan, the authors investigated the relationship between IgE deposition in the BMZ, IgE levels in the blood serum, and disease severity in BP patients. First, the authors examined skin samples of 53 bullous pemphigoid (BP) patients. 10 of them had strong, and 13 of them had weak IgE deposition in the BMZ. Next, of those 53 PB patients, the authors focused on 15 patients who had tested before treatment. Those who had strong IgE deposition on BMZ had more widespread BP than those who had no IgE deposition, as measured using a score called the bullous pemphigoid disease area index (PDAI). Patients with strong or weak IgE deposition on BMZ took a longer time to improve after treatment with medicines called systemic corticosteroids started. In contrast, no significant differences were found for their Urticaria/Erythema BPDAI scores, which measure skin redness and hives, among other things. These suggest that IgE deposition on BMZ influences the formation of blisters in BP patients. In line with previous work, the results indicate that anti‐IgE therapy such as omalizmab is effective for curing not only erythema (redness) and urticaria (hives) but also erosions and blisters in BP. This is a summary of the study: Basement membrane zone IgE deposition is associated with bullous pemphigoid disease severity and treatment results.
The A-to-I RNA Editing Enzyme <i>Adar1</i> Is Essential for Normal Embryonic Cardiac Growth and Development
Authors: Joseph B. Moore, Ghazal Sadri, Annalara G. Fischer, Tyler Weirick, Giuseppe Militello, Marcin Wysoczynski, Anna M. Gumpert, Thomas Braun, Shizuka Uchida
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)
New Methods to Calculate Concordance Factors for Phylogenomic Datasets
Authors: Bui Quang Minh, Matthew W Hahn, Robert Lanfear
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2020)

Abstract We implement two measures for quantifying genealogical concordance in phylogenomic data sets: the gene concordance factor (gCF) and the novel site concordance factor (sCF). For every branch of a reference tree, gCF is defined as the percentage of “decisive” gene trees containing that branch. This measure is already in wide usage, but here we introduce a package that calculates it while accounting for variable taxon coverage among gene trees. sCF is a new measure defined as the percentage of decisive sites supporting a branch in the reference tree. gCF and sCF complement classical measures of branch support in phylogenetics by providing a full description of underlying disagreement among loci and sites. An easy to use implementation and tutorial is freely available in the IQ-TREE software package (http://www.iqtree.org/doc/Concordance-Factor, last accessed May 13, 2020).
Immunoglobulin M antibody to hepatitis C virus core antigen: Correlations with viral replication, histological activity, and liver disease outcome
Authors: J QUIROGA
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody to hepatitis C core antigen (anti-HCV-core) was tested by enzyme immunoassay against a synthetic peptide representing amino acids 1 to 62 of the core protein. Of 214 patients with different categories of histological activity, 193 (90%) showed positive results for IgM anti-HCV-core, and 207 (97%) had HCV RNA; most cases (186, 87%) had both markers detectable simultaneously. No differences in the frequency of IgM anti-HCV-core were observed with respect to epidemiological, biochemical, or histological parameters. In 175 interferon alfa (IFN-α) recipients, and in 39 untreated controls, pretreatment IgM anti-HCV-core frequencies were similar: 28 of 32 (88%) in sustained responders; 55 of 61 (90%) in responders with relapse; 72 of 82 (88%) in nonresponders; and 38 of 39 (97%) in untreated controls. After IFN-α therapy, IgM anti-HCV-core levels became undetectable with significantly greater frequency in sustained responders (P = .014); a similar trend was observed for HCV RNA (P < .0001). IgM anti-HCV-core levels decreased after therapy in responders (P < .001) but increased in nonresponders. Fifty-one cases were longitudinally tested in relation to long-term disease outcome. Both markers remained detectable in most nonresponders with persistent liver disease, in most responders before relapse, and in all but one case at the time of biochemical relapse. IgM anti-HCV-core and HCV RNA became undetectable in most sustained responders, but reappeared despite a long-lasting transaminase normalization, behaving as asymptomatic HCV carriers; the possibility that disease reactivation may take place years afterwards cannot be excluded. These data indicate that IgM anti-HCV-core may be useful in the assessment of HCV replication and in monitoring biochemical and virological responses to IFN-α treatment. (Hepatology 1995; 22:1635-1640).
Patient-Reported Outcomes from Patients with Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia Treated with Ibrutinib-Rituximab: Results from iNNOVATE Study
Authors: Jeffrey V Matous, Alessandra Tedeschi, Meletios A Dimopoulos, Judith Trotman, Ramon Garcia-Sanz, David Macdonald, Beatrice Mahe, Charles Herbaux, Leonard Heffner, Constantine S Tam, Marzia Varettoni, M Lia Palomba, Chaim Shustik, Efstathios Kastritis, Steven P Treon, Jianling Li, Erik G Poulsen, Bernhard Hauns, Christian Buske, Veronique Leblond
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2019)
GESTATIONAL AGE AT BIRTH AND OUTCOME AFTER NEONATAL CARDIAC SURGERY: AN ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIETY OF THORACIC SURGEONS CONGENITAL HEART SURGERY DATABASE
Authors: Sara Pasquali, John M. Costello, Xia He, Jeffrey P. Jacobs, Kevin Hill, David S. Cooper, Carl L. Backer, Marshall Jacobs
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Measurement of hepatic venous pressure gradient in liver cirrhosis: Relationship with the status of cirrhosis, varices, and ascites in Korea
Authors: 김문영 ( Moon Young Kim ), 백순구 ( Soon Koo Baik ), 석기태 ( Ki Tae Suk ), 예창진 ( Change Jin Yea ), 이일영 ( Il Young Lee ), 김재우 ( Jae Woo Kim ), 차승환 ( Seung Hwan Cha ), 김영주 ( Young Ju Kim ), 엄순호 ( Soon Ho Um ), 한광협 ( Kwang Hyub Han )
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2008)
Open ADAMTS13, induced by antibodies, is a biomarker for subclinical immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Elien Roose, An-Sofie Schelpe, Edwige Tellier, György Sinkovits, Bérangère S Joly, Charlotte Dekimpe, Gilles Kaplanski, Maelle Le Besnerais, Ilaria Mancini, Dr. Tanja Falter, Charis von Auer, Hendrik Benoit Feys, Marienn Reti, Heidi Rossmann, Aline Vandenbulcke, Inge Pareyn, Jan Voorberg, Andreas Greinacher, Ygal Benhamou, Hans Deckmyn, Rob R Fijnheer, Zoltan Prohaszka, Flora Peyvandi, Bernhard Lämmle, Paul Coppo, Simon De Meyer, Agnès Veyradier, Karen Vanhoorelbeke
Journal: Blood (2020)
The Evolution of Animal Communication: Reliability and Deception in Signaling Systems, William A. Searcy, Stephen Nowicki. Princeton University Press (2005), US$85.00/$39.50 £55.00/£26.95 hbk/pbk (288 pages), ISBN: 0 691 07094 6/0 691 07095 4
Authors: Michael D. Greenfield
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2006)
The Transcription Factor T-bet Resolves Memory B Cell Subsets with Distinct Tissue Distributions and Antibody Specificities in Mice and Humans
Authors: John L. Johnson, Rebecca L. Rosenthal, James J. Knox, Arpita Myles, Martin S. Naradikian, Joanna Madej, Mariya Kostiv, Aaron M. Rosenfeld, Wenzhao Meng, Shannon R. Christensen, Scott E. Hensley, Jonathan Yewdell, David H. Canaday, Jinfang Zhu, Adrian B. McDermott, Yoav Dori, Max Itkin, E. John Wherry, Norbert Pardi, Drew Weissman, Ali Naji, Eline T. Luning Prak, Michael R. Betts, Michael P. Cancro
Journal: Immunity (2020)
ADWE-10 Risk factors for line infections in a cambridge HPN cohort
Authors: C Adgey, T Raine, H Lawrence, LM Sharkey, JM Woodward, DCO Massey
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Risk factors for central line-associated blood stream infections (CLABSI) were investigated in a home parenteral nutrition (HPN) cohort. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients receiving HPN between January 1st 2016 and July 31st 2017 were included. Data was analysed by individual central venous catheters (CVC) rather than by patients who may have had multiple CVCs. CLABSI (fever, positive blood cultures through line, no alternative infection source) was considered an end point even if the line was salvaged. Patient factors included underlying diagnosis, presence of end stoma, enterostomy, use of opioids/Tauralock and line type. Infection-free line survival was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional-hazards models were used to determine the contribution of baseline variables. <h3>Results</h3> 251 CVCs were followed in 142 patients (67.6% female, age 17-92, median 56.5) over 94779 line days. Over the 18 month period 49 CLABSI were documented in 37 patients, equating to 0.52 infections per 1000 catheter days. Cox proportional-hazards modelling revealed a number of individual factors associated with decreased CLABSI-free line survival. Patients with joint hypermobility and GI symptoms (OR 14.6, 95% CI 3.16-68.1, p&lt;0.001); enteric dysmotility (OR 7.1, 95% CI 1.5-32.4, p=0.01) and use of a dual lumen line (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.24-4.1, p=0.007) were also associated with increased risk of CLABSI. Other variables showing an association with increased risk of CLABSI included use of opioids (p&lt;0.01), use of tauralock (p&lt;0.001) and presence of a feeding or venting gastrostomy tube (p&lt;0.01). Presence of an end stoma or a fistula was associated with decreased risk of CLABSI (p&lt;0.01). Increasing age was associated with decreased risk of CLABSI (OR 0.96 for each additional year of life, 95% CI 0.94-0.97, p&lt;0.001). We built a multivariate hazards model incorporating variables showing a significant correlation with CLABSI in univariate analysis. Age and diagnosis remained significant; several of the variables showed strong co-linearity. An underlying diagnosis of joint hypermobility and GI symptoms was significantly associated with age in the lowest quartile. Since age and diagnosis were confounded, we tested the model with each in isolation and found that a model using diagnosis fitted the data better than a model using age (model concordance 0.815 for diagnosis vs 0.804 for age, p&lt;0.0001 for both). <h3>Conclusion</h3> We examined the effect of patient factors on CLABSI in our HPN cohort using a novel line-focussed approach. Our overall infection rates are comparable with contemporary case series. Opioid use was confirmed as a risk factor, but presence of an end stoma was not. Notably young patients with joint hypermobility and GI symptoms comprised a high risk group for line infection.
Association of Treatment Dose Anticoagulation With In-Hospital Survival Among Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Ishan Paranjpe, Valentin Fuster, Anuradha Lala, Adam J. Russak, Benjamin S. Glicksberg, Matthew A. Levin, Alexander W. Charney, Jagat Narula, Zahi A. Fayad, Emilia Bagiella, Shan Zhao, Girish N. Nadkarni
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Abstract 18857: Outcomes of Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Intermediate Risk Octogenarians: Insight From a Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Nimesh D Desai, Anson Cheung, Michael R Patracek, Mark Groh, Michael A Borger, Hartzell V Schaff, Joseph E Bavaria
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Aortic valve replacement approaches have shifted towards catheter-based therapies in older patients. While this strategy is appropriate in extreme risk cases, concerns regarding aortic insufficiency(AI)/paravalvular leak and stroke with catheter valves may favor use of surgical aortic valve replacement in intermediate and low risk patients. We present outcomes of intermediate risk octogenarian patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement enrolled in a prospective trial with robust endpoint assessment and follow-up. Methods: The St. Jude Trifecta IDE trial was a prospective approval study for a new aortic valve prosthesis. The Trifecta bioprosthesis was implanted in 210 pts over 80 years of age between 2007 and 2009 at 28 centers in the US, Canada, and Europe. Mean age was 83.5 ± 2.7 years(range 80-95) of which 103[49.0%] were female. 62[29.5%] subjects had undergone previous cardiac surgery. Concomitant CABG was performed in 103 [49.0%] patients. Results: The mean STS predicted mortality score was 4.02 +/- 2.16. Follow-up was 399.4 late patient-years. Early (≤ 30 day) mortality occurred in 3 [1.4%] patients and there were 17 late (≥ 31 days) deaths yielding a survival of 91.7% at 2 years and 87.1% at 3 years. There was no paravalvular leak, valve thrombosis, early endocarditis or hemolysis. There were 7 early neurologic events including 2 [1.0%] strokes, and 5 [2.4%] reversible neurologic events. There were 9 late thromboembolic events, including 3 strokes and 6 reversible neurologic events or transient ischemic attacks (linearized rate 2.25%/year of follow-up). Freedom from valve explant was 99.4% at 3 years. Mean gradient and effective orifice area at 3 year follow-up was 10.2 mmHg +/- 5.0 and 1.43 cm2 +/- 0.26, respectively. 88.9% of patients demonstrated none or trivial AI, 2.2% and 0% demonstrated moderate and severe AI, respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion, surgical valve replacement in elderly intermediate risk patients demonstrates superb clinical outcomes and results. Extremely low rates of stroke and aortic insufficiency in combination with excellent 3-4 year survival show a favorable profile for intermediate risk patients to undergo surgical aortic valve replacement.
Association between glioblastoma cell‐derived vessels and poor prognosis of the patients
Authors: Xin Mei, Yin‐Sheng Chen, Qing‐Ping Zhang, Fu‐Rong Chen, Shao‐Yan Xi, Ya‐Kang Long, Ji Zhang, Hai‐Ping Cai, Chao Ke, Jing Wang, Zhong‐Ping Chen
Journal: Cancer Communications (2020)

Abstract Background Vessels with different microcirculation patterns are required for glioblastoma (GBM) growth. However, details of the microcirculation patterns in GBM remain unclear. Here, we examined the microcirculation patterns of GBM and analyzed their roles in patient prognosis together with two well‐known GMB prognosis factors (O 6 ‐methylguanine DNA methyltransferase [MGMT] promoter methylation status and isocitrate dehydrogenase [IDH] mutations). Methods Eighty GBM clinical specimens were collected from patients diagnosed between January 2000 and December 2012. The microcirculation patterns, including endothelium‐dependent vessels (EDVs), extracellular matrix‐dependent vessels (ECMDVs), GBM cell‐derived vessels (GDVs), and mosaic vessels (MVs), were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining in both GBM clinical specimens and xenograft tissues. Vascular density assessments and three‐dimensional reconstruction were performed. MGMT promoter methylation status was determined by methylation‐specific PCR, and IDH1/2 mutations were detected by Sanger sequencing. The relationship between the microcirculation patterns and patient prognosis was analyzed by Kaplan‐Meier method. Results All 4 microcirculation patterns were observed in both GBM clinical specimens and xenograft tissues. EDVs were detected in all tissue samples, while the other three patterns were observed in a small number of tissue samples (ECMDVs in 27.5%, GDVs in 43.8%, and MVs in 52.5% tissue samples). GDV‐positive patients had a median survival of 9.56 months versus 13.60 months for GDV‐negative patients ( P = 0.015). In MGMT promoter‐methylated cohort, GDV‐positive patients had a median survival of 6.76 months versus 14.23 months for GDV‐negative patients ( P = 0.022). Conclusion GDVs might be a negative predictor for the survival of GBM patients, even in those with MGMT promoter methylation.