tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P064: Associations Between Signs and Symptoms of Androgen Excess With Prediabetes and Diabetes in Hispanic/Latina Women of Reproductive Age in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Authors: Michelle L Meyer, Daniela Sotres-Alvarez, Anne Steiner, Larry Cousins, Gregory A Talavera, Jianwen Cai, Martha L Daviglus, Laura R Loehr
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Androgen excess is a characteristic of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Signs and symptoms of androgen excess are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and diabetes, however the characterization is incomplete among premenopausal women and high risk groups such as Hispanic/Latina women. Methods: HCHS/SOL is a community-based cohort study of 16,415 self-identified Hispanic/Latino adults from diverse backgrounds in the US at the baseline visit (2008-2011; 3,801 women age 18-44 years). This preliminary cross-sectional analysis is from 994 reproductive-aged women who attended the ongoing visit 2 (Oct. 2014-Sept. 2017) by Sept. 2016. Signs and symptoms of androgen excess included menstrual cycle irregularities, self-reported PCOS, and oral contraceptive use to regulate menstrual cycles or acne. Impaired fasting glucose (prediabetes) was defined as fasting glucose 100-125 mg/dL (excluding diabetes), and diabetes as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, glucose post oral glucose tolerance test ≥200 mg/dL, or hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5%. Design-based estimates are presented and adjusted for site, age, Hispanic/Latina background, education, smoking status, and body mass index. Results: The mean age was 34 years. The prevalence of any sign or symptom of androgen excess was 28%, of which 19% self-reported having PCOS. Signs and symptoms of androgen excess was not significantly associated with the odds of prediabetes or diabetes (see table). Women self-reporting PCOS or oral contraceptive use to regulate cycles or acne had a higher odds of diabetes compared to those that did not, although not statistically significant. Conclusion: In this sample of Hispanic/Latina women, the association between signs and symptoms of androgen excess and the odds of prediabetes or diabetes were not statistically significant. Future analyses will include the whole cohort of reproductive-aged women that will improve statistical power and be critical to further characterize these relationships.
SCOPE-Seq: a scalable technology for linking live cell imaging and single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Jinzhou Yuan, Jenny Sheng, Peter A. Sims
Journal: Genome biology (2018)

Optically decodable beads link the identity of a sample to a measurement through an optical barcode, enabling libraries of biomolecules to be captured on beads in solution and decoded by fluorescence. This approach has been foundational to microarray, sequencing, and flow-based expression profiling technologies. We combine microfluidics with optically decodable beads and show that phenotypic analysis of living cells can be linked to single-cell sequencing. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate the accuracy and scalability of our tool called Single Cell Optical Phenotyping and Expression sequencing (SCOPE-Seq) to combine live cell imaging with single-cell RNA sequencing.
A Single-Cell Transcriptional Analysis of Tumour Cells and the Immune Microenvironment during Disease Evolution in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Myeloma
Authors: Danielle C Croucher, Marta Chesi, Zhihua Li, Victoria Marie Garbitt, Meaghen E Sharik, Daniel Waller, Michael Sebag, P. Leif Bergsagel, Trevor J. Pugh, Suzanne Trudel
Journal: Blood (2018)
Providing Individual Research Results to Participants
Authors: David J. Kaufman, Nicole C. Lockhart, Lawrence C. Brody
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diagnostic Utility of Exome Sequencing for Kidney Disease
Authors: Emily E. Groopman, Maddalena Marasa, Sophia Cameron-Christie, Slavé Petrovski, Vimla S. Aggarwal, Hila Milo-Rasouly, Yifu Li, Junying Zhang, Jordan Nestor, Priya Krithivasan, Wan Yee Lam, Adele Mitrotti, Stacy Piva, Byum H. Kil, Debanjana Chatterjee, Rachel Reingold, Drew Bradbury, Michael DiVecchia, Holly Snyder, Xueru Mu, Karla Mehl, Olivia Balderes, David A. Fasel, Chunhua Weng, Jai Radhakrishnan, Pietro Canetta, Gerald B. Appel, Andrew S. Bomback, Wooin Ahn, Natalie S. Uy, Shumyle Alam, David J. Cohen, Russell J. Crew, Geoffrey K. Dube, Maya K. Rao, Sitharthan Kamalakaran, Brett Copeland, Zhong Ren, Joshua Bridgers, Colin D. Malone, Caroline M. Mebane, Neha Dagaonkar, Bengt C. Fellström, Carolina Haefliger, Sumit Mohan, Simone Sanna-Cherchi, Krzysztof Kiryluk, Jan Fleckner, Ruth March, Adam Platt, David B. Goldstein, Ali G. Gharavi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

Exome sequencing is emerging as a first-line diagnostic method in some clinical disciplines, but its usefulness has yet to be examined for most constitutional disorders in adults, including chronic kidney disease, which affects more than 1 in 10 persons globally.
Association of Corticosteroid Treatment With Outcomes in Adult Patients With Sepsis
Authors: Fang Fang, Yu Zhang, Jingjing Tang, L. Dade Lunsford, Tiangui Li, Rongrui Tang, Jialing He, Ping Xu, Andrew Faramand, Jianguo Xu, Chao You
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2018)

Although corticosteroids are widely used for adults with sepsis, both the overall benefit and potential risks remain unclear.To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of corticosteroids in patients with sepsis.MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception until March 20, 2018, and updated on August 10, 2018. The terms corticosteroids, sepsis, septic shock, hydrocortisone, controlled trials, and randomized controlled trial were searched alone or in combination. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included that compared administration of corticosteroids with placebo or standard supportive care in adults with sepsis.Meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model to calculate risk ratios (RRs) and mean differences (MDs) with corresponding 95% CIs. Two independent reviewers completed citation screening, data abstraction, and risk assessment.Twenty-eight-day mortality.This meta-analysis included 37 RCTs (N = 9564 patients). Eleven trials were rated as low risk of bias. Corticosteroid use was associated with reduced 28-day mortality (RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.98; I2 = 27%) and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.77-0.94; I2 = 0%) and in-hospital mortality (RR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79-0.99; I2 = 38%). Corticosteroids were significantly associated with increased shock reversal at day 7 (MD, 1.95; 95% CI, 0.80-3.11) and vasopressor-free days (MD, 1.95; 95% CI, 0.80-3.11) and with ICU length of stay (MD, -1.16; 95% CI, -2.12 to -0.20), the sequential organ failure assessment score at day 7 (MD, -1.38; 95% CI, -1.87 to -0.89), and time to resolution of shock (MD, -1.35; 95% CI, -1.78 to -0.91). However, corticosteroid use was associated with increased risk of hyperglycemia (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.08-1.30) and hypernatremia (RR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.24-1.99).The findings suggest that administration of corticosteroids is associated with reduced 28-day mortality compared with placebo use or standard supportive care. More research is needed to associate personalized medicine with the corticosteroid treatment to select suitable patients who are more likely to show a benefit.
Response to Comment on Umpierrez and Klonoff. Diabetes Technology Update: Use of Insulin Pumps and Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Hospital. Diabetes Care 2018;41:1579–1589
Authors: Guillermo E. Umpierrez, David C. Klonoff
Journal: Diabetes Care (2018)

We appreciate the comments of Delgado-Hurtado et al. (1) regarding our article (2) and the safety of MRI and CT in patients wearing insulin pumps.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has reported serious adverse events, including patient injury and death, associated with the use of implantable infusion pumps in the magnetic resonance environment (3). Reported adverse events included medication dosing inaccuracies, including overinfusion or underinfusion or unintended bolus, and mechanical problems. Thus, it is recommended to remove insulin pumps during MRI procedures.

Delgado-Hurtado et al. (1) questioned the amount …
Do airline pilots and cabin crew have raised risks of melanoma and other skin cancers? Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: K. Miura, C.M. Olsen, S. Rea, J. Marsden, A.C. Green
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Airline pilots and cabin crew are potentially exposed to hazardous ultraviolet and cosmic radiation, which may increase their risk of melanoma and other skin cancers. To establish precise risks of melanoma and keratinocyte cancer (KC) for airline pilots and for cabin crew based on all studies published to date. We searched MEDLINE, ISI Science Citation Index, Embase, SCOPUS and CINAHL to June 2018. All studies of melanoma and KC risk and mortality in airline pilots and cabin crew compared with the general population were eligible. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were pooled using random effects models. From 5866 papers retrieved, we reviewed 44 full‐text articles, of which 12 studies with data collected mostly between the 1970s and 1990s were eligible for inclusion. The pooled SIR (pSIR) for melanoma in pilots was 2.03 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.71–2.40] and in cabin crew it was 2.12 (95% CI 1.71–2.62). For pilots, the pooled SMR for melanoma was 1.99 (95% CI 1.17–3.40) and for cabin crew it was 1.18 (95% CI 0.73–1.89). For KC, the pSIR was 1.86 (95% CI 1.54–2.25) in pilots and 1.97 (95% CI 1.25–2.96) in cabin crew. There was no evidence of study heterogeneity. The available evidence shows that airline pilots and cabin crew have about twice the risk of melanoma and other skin cancers than the general population, with pilots more likely to die from melanoma. However, most of the evidence was collected several decades ago and their relevance to contemporary levels of risk is uncertain.
Drug, Opioid-Involved, and Heroin-Involved Overdose Deaths Among American Indians and Alaska Natives — Washington, 1999–2015
Authors: Sujata Joshi, Thomas Weiser, Victoria Warren-Mears
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)

During 2013–2015, total drug and opioid-involved overdose mortality rates for American Indians and Alaska Natives were 2.7 times higher than those of whites in Washington. Misclassification of American Indians and Alaska Natives race in death certificates underestimated overdose mortality among American Indians and Alaska Natives in Washington by approximately 40%.
An Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transcriptional Switch Triggers Evolution of Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinoma (PSC) and Identifies Dasatinib as New Therapeutic Option
Authors: Gloria Manzotti, Federica Torricelli, Donati Benedetta, Filippo Lococo, Valentina Sancisi, Giulio Rossi, Simonetta Piana, Alessia Ciarrocchi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is a rare and aggressive form of NSCLC. Rarity and poor characterization have limited the development of PSC-tailored treatment protocols, leaving patients with inadequate therapeutic options. In this study, we investigated the gene expression profile of PSCs, with the aim to characterize the molecular mechanisms responsible for their evolution and to identify new drugs for their treatment.A training set of 17 biphasic PSCs was selected and tested for the expression of a large panel of 770 genes related to cancer progression using NanoString technology. Computational analyses were used to characterize a PSCs-gene specific signature from which pathways and drivers of PSC evolution were identified and validated using functional assays in vitro. This signature was validated in a separate set of 15 PSCs and 8 differentiated NSCLC and used to interrogate the cMAP database searching for FDA-approved small molecules able to counteract PSC phenotype.We demonstrated that the transcriptional activation of an epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) program drives PSC phylogeny in vivo. We showed that loss of the epithelial-associated transcription factor (TF) OVOL2 characterizes the transition to sarcomatoid phenotype triggering the expression of EMT promoting TFs, including TWIST and ZEB and the expression of the membrane kinase DDR2. Finally, using a drug repurposing approach, we identified dasatinib as potential inhibitor of the PSC-gene expression signature and we confirmed in vitro that this drug efficiently restrains proliferation and reverts the sarcomatoid-associated phenotype.Our data provide new insights into PSC evolution and provide the rationale for further clinical studies with dasatinib.
Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Ropeginterferon Alfa-2b in Patients with Polycythemia Vera — Final Phase I/II Peginvera Study Results
Authors: Heinz Gisslinger, Veronika Buxhofer-Ausch, Josef Thaler, Ernst Forjan, Ella Willenbacher, Dominik Wolf, Robert Kralovics, Bettina Gisslinger, Margarete Stampfl-Mattersberger, Alexander Egle, Thomas Melchardt, Sonja Burgstaller, Martin Schalling, Maria-Theresa Krauth, Richard Greil, Pavla Kadlecova, Michael Zoerer, Victoria Empson, Barbara Grohmann-Izay, Christoph Klade
Journal: Blood (2018)
Safety and efficacy of nivolumab in combination with S-1/capecitabine plus oxaliplatin in patients with previously untreated, unresectable, advanced, or recurrent gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer: interim results of a randomized, phase II trial (ATTRACTION-4)
Authors: N. Boku, M.-H. Ryu, K. Kato, H.C. Chung, K. Minashi, K.-W. Lee, H. Cho, W.K. Kang, Y. Komatsu, M. Tsuda, K. Yamaguchi, H. Hara, S. Fumita, M. Azuma, L.-T. Chen, Y.-K. Kang
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

BackgroundNivolumab is approved as an option for third- or later-line treatment of advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer in several countries after ATTRACTION-2. To further improve the therapeutic efficacy of first-line therapy, exploration of a nivolumab-chemotherapy combination is warranted. In part 1 (phase II) of ATTRACTION-4, the safety and efficacy of nivolumab combined with S-1 plus oxaliplatin (SOX) or capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (CapeOX) as first-line therapy for unresectable advanced or recurrent human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative G/GEJ cancer were evaluated.Patients and methodsPatients were randomized (1 : 1) to receive nivolumab (360 mg intravenously every 3 weeks) plus SOX (S-1, 40 mg/m2 orally twice daily for 14 days followed by 7 days off; oxaliplatin, 130 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1 every 3 weeks) or CapeOX (capecitabine, 1000 mg/m2 orally twice daily for 14 days followed by 7 days off; oxaliplatin, 130 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1 every 3 weeks) until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or consent withdrawal.ResultsOf 40 randomized patients, 39 (nivolumab plus SOX, 21; nivolumab plus CapeOX, 18) and 38 (21 and 17, respectively) comprised the safety and efficacy populations, respectively. Most frequent (>10%) grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events were neutropenia (14.3%) in the nivolumab plus SOX group, and neutropenia (16.7%), anemia, peripheral sensory neuropathy, decreased appetite, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and nausea (11.1% each) in the nivolumab plus CapeOX group. No treatment-related death occurred. Objective response rate was 57.1% (95% confidence interval 34.0–78.2) with nivolumab plus SOX and 76.5% (50.1–93.2) with nivolumab plus CapeOX. Median overall survival was not reached (NR) in both groups. Median progression-free survival was 9.7 months (5.8–NR) and 10.6 months (5.6–12.5), respectively.ConclusionNivolumab combined with SOX/CapeOX was well tolerated and demonstrated encouraging efficacy for unresectable advanced or recurrent HER2-negative G/GEJ cancer. ATTRACTION-4 has proceeded to part 2 (phase III) to compare nivolumab plus SOX/CapeOX versus placebo plus SOX/CapeOX.Clinicaltrials.gov IDNCT02746796.
Treatment Patterns and Outcomes of Patients with CLL Treated with Chemoimmuno- and Novel Agent-Based Therapy: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Anthony R Mato, Maryam Sarraf Yazdy, Brian T. Hill, Mazyar Shadman, Hande Tuncer, Allison M. Winter, Kaitlin Kennard, John N. Allan, Chaitra S. Ujjani, Danielle M. Brander, Chadi Nabhan, Paul Barr, Jennifer R. Brown, Christopher P. Fox, Joanna Rhodes, Anna Schuh, Toby A. Eyre, Nicole Lamanna, Nitin Jain, William G. Wierda, Alan P Skarbnik, Lindsey E. Roeker, Rajat Bannerji, Andrew M. Evens, Frederick Lansigan, Jennifer C. Samp, Jacqueline Nielsen, James M. Pauff, Thomas J. Kipps, Stephen J. Schuster, George A Follows, Bruce Cheson, Barbara Eichhorst
Journal: Blood (2018)
Advanced endoscopic techniques in the assessment of inflammatory bowel disease: new technology, new era
Authors: Marietta Iacucci, Federica Furfaro, Takayuki Matsumoto, Toshio Uraoka, Samuel Smith, Subrata Ghosh, Ralf Kiesslich
Journal: Gut (2018)

Endoscopic assessment of inflammation and mucosal healing is crucial for appropriate management in IBD. Current definition of endoscopic mucosal healing has been derived using previous generation of standard white light endoscopes. New endoscopy technologies widely available provide much more detailed images of mucosal and vascular patterns. Novel endoscopic techniques with high definition image, optical and digital enhancement have enhanced the quality and fine details of vascular and mucosal pattern so that endoscopic images have started to reflect histological changes for lesions and inflammation/healing. These technologies can now define subtle inflammatory changes and increase detection and characterisation of colonic lesions in patients with IBD. The best endoscopic technique to detect dysplasia in IBD is still debated. Dye chromoendoscopy with targeted biopsies is considered by Surveillance for Colorectal Endoscopic Neoplasia Detection and Management in inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: International Consensus Recommendations (SCENIC consensus the standard of care and recommended for adoption by gastroenterologists in practice. In future, it is possible that well-trained colonoscopists using high definition equipment with image enhancements may be able to obtain equivalent yield without pan-colonic dye spraying and characterise lesions. Finally, SCENIC introduced endoscopic resectability of some dysplastic colonic lesions-new techniques may now better characterise endoscopic resectability and limit the number of colectomies. In this review, we will provide a state-of-the-art opinion on the direction of technological advances in the assessment of IBD and how new concepts will refine clinical practice.
Abstract 12650: Activity of Serum Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 is Decreased During Acute Ischemic Stroke in Humans
Authors: Douglas M Bennion, Christian A Rosado, Emily H Haltigan, Colin Sumners, Michael F Waters
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: The expression and activity of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a cardio and neuro-protective carboxypeptidase, has recently been shown to be dynamically altered during and after stroke in animal models. Hypothesis: The aim of this study was to characterize the previously unexplored changes in activity of ACE2 in the serum of patients experiencing acute ischemic stroke. Methods: Serum samples were obtained from patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke (n=20) and again at three days post-stroke and enzyme activity levels were analyzed by fluorometric assay and compared to levels from non-stroke control patients (n=20). Results: Ischemic stroke resulted in a significant decrease in serum ACE2 at an average of 3.5 hours after stroke, which was followed by a rebound increase by three days later (Fig 1). ACE activity was also significantly decreased following stroke, but without rebound increases. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme activity was not significantly different from control. ACE2 activity was negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) among stroke patients (Fig 2), while activity was positively correlated with SBP among a cohort of healthy young adults (n=16). Conclusions: The characterization of the dynamic and novel changes in serum ACE2 activity in human stroke, which follow observations from preclinical studies, along with the demonstration of a negative association with SBP, provides new insight for the development of therapies that target this protective system in the context of ischemic stroke. Data are mean ± SEM. RFU: relative fluorescence units; *p&lt;0.001 vs. control; †p&lt;0.05 vs. 4h post stroke.
The Oncology Care Model and Other Value-Based Payment Models in Cancer Care
Authors: Emeline M. Aviki, Stephen M. Schleicher, Samyukta Mullangi
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Panoptic imaging of transparent mice reveals whole-body neuronal projections and skull–meninges connections
Authors: Ruiyao Cai, Chenchen Pan, Alireza Ghasemigharagoz, Mihail Ivilinov Todorov, Benjamin Förstera, Shan Zhao, Harsharan S. Bhatia, Arnaldo Parra-Damas, Leander Mrowka, Delphine Theodorou, Markus Rempfler, Anna L. R. Xavier, Benjamin T. Kress, Corinne Benakis, Hanno Steinke, Sabine Liebscher, Ingo Bechmann, Arthur Liesz, Bjoern Menze, Martin Kerschensteiner, Maiken Nedergaard, Ali Ertürk
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2018)