tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. Comment: the end results
Authors: P. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THE ultimate measure of success in managing a cancer is the end results as they are measured by survival in specific stages. It is, therefore, important for the reader of publications offering statistics to be aware of the different measures of survival. Some guidelines for reporting cancer survival and end results have been issued by the American Joint Committee for Cancer Staging and End Results Reporting.<sup>45</sup>The simplest approach is calculation by the direct method; the survival rate is determined at the end of a specified interval, ie, five years. Under this procedure, the five-year survival rate is calculated on the basis of patients who were exposed to the risk of dying for at least five years. Two commonly used survival rates are defined as follows: minimum survival rate, which assumes untraced patients to be dead of the cancer; and maximum survival rate, which assumes that untraced patients are
New York, USA
Authors: Lauren Stossel
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2020)

I work as a psychiatrist in the mental health clinic at the Anna M Kross Center (NY, USA), the largest jail on Rikers Island, where I evaluate and provide continuing care for patients following their arrest. My patients are mostly black and brown men, 80% of whom are awaiting trial and innocent under the law, living through the profoundly dehumanising experience of detention. Physical contact, privacy, freedom of movement, and a quiet place to sleep are among the many things lost to them. The vestigial language of the jail system (eg, "bodies" instead of people, and "pens" instead of waiting rooms) reduces them to objects or animals.
Photoactive Interfaces for Spatio‐Temporal Guidance of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Fate
Authors: Selene De Martino, Silvia Cavalli, Paolo Antonio Netti
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Patterned surfaces have proved effective in guiding stem cells commitment to a specific lineage by presenting highly ordered biophysical/biochemical cues at the cellmaterial interface. Their potency in controlling cell fate can be significantly empowered by encoding logic of space and time control of signal presentation. Here, azopolymeric photoactive interfaces are proposed to present/withdraw morphophysical signals to living cells using a green light trigger in a non‐invasive spatio‐temporal controlled way. To assess the potency of these dynamic platforms in controlling cell decision and fate, topography changes are actuated by light at specific times to reverse the fate of otherwise committed human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) toward osteoblastic lineage. It is first proved by dynamic change from ordered parallel patterning to flat or grid surfaces, that it is possible to induce cyclic cellular and nuclear stretches. Furthermore, by culturing hMSCs on a specific pattern known to prime them toward osteoblast lineage, the possibility to reroute or reverse stem cell fate decision by dynamic modulation of morphophysical signal is proved. To conclude, dynamic topographies can control the spatial conformation of hMSCs, modulate lineage reversal even after several weeks of culture and redirect lineage specification in response to light‐induced changes in the microenvironment.
Bilayer Hydrogel Sheet‐Type Intraocular Microrobot for Drug Delivery and Magnetic Nanoparticles Retrieval
Authors: Dong‐In Kim, Hyoryong Lee, Su‐Hyun Kwon, Young Je Sung, Won Kyung Song, Sukho Park
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract By virtue of minimum invasiveness and driving ability using a magnetic field, drug delivery with the aid of a microrobot has an inherent potential for targeted treatment for the eye. The use of microrobots, however, has the limitation of leaving magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in the eye that can cause side effects. In this study, a bilayer hydrogel microrobot capable of retrieving MNPs after drug delivery is proposed that overcomes the limitations of existing microrobots. The bilayer hydrogel microrobot is composed of an MNPs layer and a therapeutic layer. Upon applying an alternating magnetic field (AMF) at the target point, the therapeutic layer is dissolved to deliver drug particles, and then the MNPs layer can be retrieved using a magnetic field. The targeting and MNPs retrieval tests validate the drug delivery and MNPs retrieval ability of the microrobot. The ex vivo bovine vitreous and in vitro cell tests demonstrate the potential for the vitreous migration of the microrobot and the therapeutic effect against retinoblastoma Y79 cancer cells. This bilayer hydrogel sheet‐type intraocular microrobot provides a new drug delivery paradigm that overcomes the limitations of microrobot by maintaining the advantages of conventional microrobots in delivering drugs to the eye and retrieving MNPs after drug delivery.
STIM1 is a metabolic checkpoint regulating the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Huakan Zhao, Guifang Yan, Lu Zheng, Yu Zhou, Halei Sheng, Lei Wu, Qi Zhang, Juan Lei, Jiangang Zhang, Rong Xin, Lu Jiang, Xiao Zhang, Yu Chen, Jingchun Wang, Yanquan Xu, Dingshan Li, Yongsheng Li
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Background: Cancer cells undergoing invasion and metastasis possess a phenotype with attenuated glycolysis, but enhanced fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Calcium (Ca2+)-mediated signaling pathways are implicated in tumor metastasis and metabolism regulation. Stromal-interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) triggered store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is the major route of Ca2+ influx for non-excitable cells including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. However, whether and how STIM1 regulates the invasion and metastasis of HCC via metabolic reprogramming is unclear. Methods: The expressions of STIM1 and Snail1 in the HCC tissues and cells were measured by immunohistochemistry, Western-blotting and quantitative PCR. STIM1 knockout-HCC cells were generated by CRISPR-Cas9, and gene-overexpression was mediated via lentivirus transfection. Besides, the invasive and metastatic activities of HCC cells were assessed by transwell assay, anoikis rate in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo. Seahorse energy analysis and micro-array were used to evaluate the glucose and lipid metabolism. Results: STIM1 was down-regulated in metastatic HCC cells rather than in proliferating HCC cells, and low STIM1 levels were associated with poor outcome of HCC patients. During tumor growth, STIM1 stabilized Snail1 protein by activating the CaMKII/AKT/GSK-3β pathway. Subsequently, the upregulated Snail1 suppressed STIM1/SOCE during metastasis. STIM1 restoration significantly diminished anoikis-resistance and metastasis induced by Snail1. Mechanistically, the downregulated STIM1 shifted the anabolic/catabolic balance, i.e., from aerobic glycolysis towards AMPK-activated fatty acid oxidation (FAO), which contributed to Snail1-driven metastasis and anoikis-resistance. Conclusions: Our data provide the molecular basis that STIM1 orchestrates invasion and metastasis via reprogramming HCC metabolism.
Therapeutic Substitution
Authors: Richard Burack
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters15 October 1990Therapeutic SubstitutionRichard Burack, MDRichard Burack, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-8-640_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: The recent published position paper on therapeutic substitution and formulary systems (1) describes an eminently sensible way to diminish the cost of one element of medical care. The authors are surely aware that many practicing physicians still stubbornly object to prescribing generic drugs. Also, few doctors are sufficiently informed to know how to prescribe congeners of expensive drugs where the congeners are equally effective and safe and often inexpensive because they are available as generics. Informed peers on hospital formulary committees may be the best way to encourage them to learn good prescribing practices.Pharmaceutical industry pressure...Reference1. . Therapeutic substitution and formulary systems. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:160-3. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: P.O. Box 5 Jackson, NH 03846 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 October 1990Volume 113, Issue 8Page: 640-640KeywordsDrugs Issue Published: 15 October 1990 PDF DownloadLoading ...
People Aren't Diseases
Authors: Robert H. Moser
Journal: JAMA (1975)

For many years I have carried on a lonely, futile (admittedly desultory) campaign to combat the depersonalization of sick people through careless language that refers to them by their disease. I have long since come to realize that it is a forlorn task, since most of these dreadful words are so deeply embedded in our medical patois that no editorial crowbar can pry them loose. Some of the words sound more terrible than others, but all are offensive, especially to the hapless patient. Not only must he endure the somatic injury of his disease, but he must suffer the dehumanizing insult of the thoughtless jargon that flows between the White Coats—towering over his bed. He is no longer a sick person; he has become just a sick organ.  So loathesome was the term leper that popular pressure expunged it from the scientific literature and most of the literate press. It
Long-term Outcome of Gastric Per-Oral Endoscopic Pyloromyotomy in Treatment of Gastroparesis
Authors: Mohamed M. Abdelfatah, Alan Noll, Neil Kapil, Rushikesh Shah, Lianyong Li, Rosemary Nustas, Baiwen Li, Hui Luo, Huimin Chen, Liang Xia, Parit Mekaroonkamol, Nikrad Shahnavaz, Steven Keilin, Field Willingham, Jennifer Christie, Qiang Cai
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)
Estimating lifetime benefits of comprehensive disease-modifying pharmacological therapies in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a comparative analysis of three randomised controlled trials
Authors: Muthiah Vaduganathan, Brian L Claggett, Pardeep S Jhund, Jonathan W Cunningham, João Pedro Ferreira, Faiez Zannad, Milton Packer, Gregg C Fonarow, John J V McMurray, Scott D Solomon
Journal: The Lancet (2020)
Abstract 12267: Visit-to-visit BP Variability And Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis: A Synergetic Impact On Cognitive Dysfunction
Authors: Michiaki Nagai, Satoshi Hoshide, Joji Ishikawa, Kazuyuki Shimada, Kazuomi Kario
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background Recently, visit-to-visit blood pressure (BP) variations (VVV) has been shown to be associated with stroke. However, the relationship between VVV and cognitive function was not clear. In ...
Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Genetic Testing
Authors: Mark Levin
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Low serum insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 is associated with an unfavourable cardiovascular risk profile in elderly men
Authors: M Harrela, R Koistinen, J Tuomilehto, A Nissinen, M Seppala
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Serum insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) is regulated by insulin and has been suggested to be a marker of the insulin resistance syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate whether serum IGFBP-1 is associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Serum insulin-like growth factor-I and IGFBP-3 were also determined. 331 men aged 70-89 years were examined from the Finnish cohort of the Seven Countries Study. Serum IGFBP-1 concentrations were measured by immunofluorometric assay, and the results were analysed with respect to markers of cardiovascular risk, insulin resistance, and insulin secretion that were determined by using the homeostasis model assessment. Fasting serum IGFBP-1 correlated inversely with fasting serum insulin, serum insulin 2 h after oral glucose challenge test, body mass index, and serum triglycerides, and it correlated positively with age and serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. After adjustment for age, fasting serum IGFBP-1 correlated positively with HDL cholesterol and inversely with fasting serum insulin and triglycerides. Serum IGFBP-1 correlated positively with insulin sensitivity and negatively with beta-cell function. In conclusion, low serum IGFBP-1 levels in elderly men are associated with a number of cardiovascular risk factors.
Risk factors for adverse clinical outcomes with COVID-19 in China: a multicenter, retrospective, observational study
Authors: Peng Peng Xu, Rong Hua Tian, Song Luo, Zi Yue Zu, Bin Fan, Xi Ming Wang, Kai Xu, Jiang Tao Wang, Juan Zhu, Ji Chan Shi, Feng Chen, Bing Wan, Zhi Han Yan, Rong Pin Wang, Wen Chen, Wen Hui Fan, Can Zhang, Meng Jie Lu, Zhi Yuan Sun, Chang Sheng Zhou, Li Na Zhang, Fei Xia, Li Qi, Wei Zhang, Jing Zhong, Xiao Xue Liu, Qi Rui Zhang, Guang Ming Lu, Long Jiang Zhang
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Background:The risk factors for adverse events of Coronavirus have not been well described.We aimed to explore the predictive value of clinical, laboratory and CT imaging characteristics on admission for short-term outcomes of COVID-19 patients.Methods: This multicenter, retrospective, observation study enrolled 703 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to 16 tertiary hospitals from 8 provinces in China between January 10, 2020 and March 13, 2020.Demographic, clinical, laboratory data, CT imaging findings on admission and clinical outcomes were collected and compared.The primary endpoint was in-hospital death, the secondary endpoints were composite clinical adverse outcomes including in-hospital death, admission to intensive care unit (ICU) and requiring invasive mechanical ventilation support (IMV).Multivariable Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank test were used to explore risk factors related to in-hospital death and in-hospital adverse outcomes.Results: Of 703 patients, 55 (8%) developed adverse outcomes (including 33 deceased), 648 (92%) discharged without any adverse outcome.Multivariable regression analysis showed risk factors associated with in-hospital death included ≥ 2 comorbidities (hazard ratio [HR], 6.734; 95% CI; 3.239-14.003,p < 0.001), leukocytosis (HR, 9.639; 95% CI, p < 0.001), lymphopenia (HR, 4.579; 95% CI,, p = 0.016) and CT severity score > 14 (HR, 2.915; 95% CI, 1.376-6.177,p = 0.005) on admission, while older age (HR, 2.231; 95% CI, 1.124-4.427,p = 0.022), ≥ 2 comorbidities (HR, 4.778; 95% CI; p < 0.001), leukocytosis (HR, 6.349; 95% CI;, p < 0.001), lymphopenia (HR, 3.014; 95% CI; 1.356-6.697,p = 0.007) and CT severity score > 14 (HR, 1.946; 95% CI; 1.095-3.459,p = 0.023) were associated with increased odds of composite adverse outcomes. Conclusion:The risk factors of older age, multiple comorbidities, leukocytosis, lymphopenia and higher CT severity score could help clinicians identify patients with potential adverse events.
197P Epirubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: Use of myocardial strain for early detection of left ventricular dysfunction before LVEF declines
Authors: I. Ben Abdallah, S. Ben Nasr, C. Chourabi, S. Fendri, M. Balti, A. Zribi, W. Fehri, A. Haddaoui
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Insights into tuberculosis: A survival analysis of time to recurrence in Portugal, between 2002 and 2009
Authors: P. Soares, R. Duarte, M.G.M. Gomes, C. Rocha, J.S. Lopes
Journal: Pulmonology (2020)

Recurrence of TB has been associated with poor adherence to treatment, smoking, alcoholism, unemployment, drug abuse, the severity of pulmonary cavitation, HIV infection and duration of treatment.1 However, the risk factors can vary considerably across countries and between studies. Since little is known about risk factors for recurrence in Portugal, we aimed to identify predictors of treatment recurrence in the country. Surveillance data on TB for the period of 2002–2009 was provided by SVIG-TB, a database from the Portuguese National Health System. For this analysis, only cases of confirmed TB disease were considered, and patients that had information on the first and second TB episodes. The variables studied were chosen as TB risk factors according to previous reports about TB recurrence. The existence of missing data was assessed and missing data characterised (missingness between 0 and 10%). From this characterisation, we chose to explore multiple imputation using random-forest based on multivariate imputation by chained equations. We used a semi-parametric Cox regression model in which the event of interest was the second episode of TB, with time being measured from the end of treatment for a first TB episode. Patients without the second episode of TB before the end of the study were eliminated. A total of 8364 individuals were analysed, of which 145 (1.73%) had a recurrent TB episode during the time of the
Microdevices: Microcontainer Delivery of Antibiotic Improves Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 10/2020)
Authors: Stine Egebro Birk, Janus Anders Juul Haagensen, Helle Krogh Johansen, Søren Molin, Line Hagner Nielsen, Anja Boisen
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

The treatment of biofilm-related infections often fails as antibiotics cannot be dosed in concentrations sufficient to eradicate the biofilm. In article number 1901779, Stine Egebro Birk and her co-workers present their novel drug delivery strategy: using microcontainers to deliver antibiotics locally to the site of the bacterial infection, thereby improving the eradication.
Bragg-Peak Proton-Beam Therapy for Arteriovenous Malformations of the Brain
Authors: Raymond N. Kjellberg, Tetsu Hanamura, Kenneth R. Davis, Susan L. Lyons, Raymond D. Adams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Patients with arteriovenous malformations of the brain, who are subject to disabling or fatal recurrent hemorrhage, seizures, severe headache, and progressive neurologic deficits, may be considered unsuitable for conventional therapies (craniotomy with excision or embolization), usually because of the location, size, or operative risk of the lesion. We have treated such patients with stereotactic Bragg-peak proton-beam therapy and report the follow-up of 74 of the first 75, 2 to 16 years after treatment. Proton-beam therapy is intended to induce subendothelial deposition of collagen and hyaline substance, which narrows the lumens of small vessels and thickens the walls of the malformation during the first 12 to 24 months after the procedure. Two deaths from hemorrhage occurred in the first 12 months after treatment, but no lethal or disabling hemorrhages occurred after this interval. Seizures, headaches, and progressive neurologic deficits were in most cases arrested or improved. Bragg-peak proton-beam therapy appears to be a useful technique for treatment of intracranial arteriovenous malformations, especially those that are unsuitable for treatment by other methods.
Preclinical study of influenza bivalent vaccine delivered with a two compartmental microneedle array
Authors: Hye-Rin Jeong, Joon-Yong Bae, Jee-Hyun Park, Seung-Ki Baek, Gayeong Kim, Man-Seong Park, Jung-Hwan Park
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2020)

Multiple vaccines can be mixed into a single combination to be a single product. However, combination vaccines have problems of complexity. In this study, microneedles were utilized in a compartmental microneedle array (CMA) to deliver two influenza vaccine strains without mixing. In this study, the CMA had two compartments, and two rectangular structures were attached to each end of the array to enable integration of the compartments with the coating equipment. The coating solution, which contained influenza vaccines for B/Yamagata (B-Y) and B/Victoria (B-V), was filled into the two reservoirs of the container. The CMA was aligned with the container for dipping the first compartment of the array into the first reservoir and the second compartment into the second reservoir. The CMA containing B-Y and B-V separately was administered to mice, and weight change and survival were compared with other groups of mice administered (a) combination vaccines with microneedles, (b) two monovalent vaccines with microneedles, (c) intramuscularly with a combination vaccine, and (d) intramuscularly with two monovalent vaccines. Plaque reduction neutralization tests were also performed to compare the CMA group with the other groups. The CMA showed a relative standard error of less than 7% between samples in dose uniformity. It also showed comparable antibody-forming efficacy compared to other groups, especially by B/Yamagata virus challenge. The CMA mice group showed better survival and weight change than mice that received intramuscular (IM) injection of the combination vaccine. In the neutralizing antibody experiment, all microneedle groups showed a higher neutralizing antibody than the IM groups. Vaccines were administered without mixing by a single administration using a CMA, and the CMA showed comparable efficacy with IM administration of the combination vaccine. Multivalent vaccines can be delivered without mixing as a single product by using a CMA.
c-Rel is a myeloid checkpoint for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Ting Li, Xinyuan Li, Ali Zamani, Wei Wang, Chin-Nien Lee, Mingyue Li, George Luo, Emily Eiler, Honghong Sun, Sankar Ghosh, Jian Jin, Ramachandran Murali, Qingguo Ruan, Weiyun Shi, Youhai H. Chen
Journal: Nature Cancer (2020)
Somatic Symptom Disorder and the Physician’s Role
Authors: David D. Sherry, Sabrina Gmuca
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal