tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dissecting the Pre-Columbian Genomic Ancestry of Native Americans along the Andes–Amazonia Divide
Authors: Guido Alberto Gnecchi-Ruscone, Stefania Sarno, Sara De Fanti, Laura Gianvincenzo, Cristina Giuliani, Alessio Boattini, Eugenio Bortolini, Tullia Di Corcia, Cesar Sanchez Mellado, Taylor Jesus Dàvila Francia, Davide Gentilini, Anna Maria Di Blasio, Patrizia Di Cosimo, Elisabetta Cilli, Antonio Gonzalez-Martin, Claudio Franceschi, Zelda Alice Franceschi, Olga Rickards, Marco Sazzini, Donata Luiselli, Davide Pettener
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2019)

Extensive European and African admixture coupled with loss of Amerindian lineages makes the reconstruction of pre-Columbian history of Native Americans based on present-day genomes extremely challenging. Still open questions remain about the dispersals that occurred throughout the continent after the initial peopling from the Beringia, especially concerning the number and dynamics of diffusions into South America. Indeed, if environmental and historical factors contributed to shape distinct gene pools in the Andes and Amazonia, the origins of this East-West genetic structure and the extension of further interactions between populations residing along this divide are still not well understood. To this end, we generated new high-resolution genome-wide data for 229 individuals representative of one Central and ten South Amerindian ethnic groups from Mexico, Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina. Low levels of European and African admixture in the sampled individuals allowed the application of fine-scale haplotype-based methods and demographic modeling approaches. These analyses revealed highly specific Native American genetic ancestries and great intragroup homogeneity, along with limited traces of gene flow mainly from the Andes into Peruvian Amazonians. Substantial amount of genetic drift differentially experienced by the considered populations underlined distinct patterns of recent inbreeding or prolonged isolation. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that all non-Andean South Americans are compatible with descending from a common lineage, while we found low support for common Mesoamerican ancestors of both Andeans and other South American groups. These findings suggest extensive back-migrations into Central America from non-Andean sources or conceal distinct peopling events into the Southern Continent.
DNAzyme Catalyzed Tyramide Depositing Reaction for <i>In Situ</i> Imaging of Protein Status on the Cell Surface
Authors: Lulu Xu, Shengchun Liu, Tiantian Yang, Yifan Shen, Yuhong Zhang, Lizhen Huang, Lutan Zhang, Shijia Ding, Fangzhou Song, Wei Cheng
Journal: Theranostics (2019)

Effective characterization of protein biomarkers status on the cell surface has important value in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.Traditional immunohistochemistry can only assess the protein expression level rather than accurately reflect their interaction and oligomerization, resulting in inevitable problems for personalized therapy.Methods: Herein, we developed a novel DNAzyme-catalyzed tyramide depositing reaction (DCTDR) for in situ amplified imaging of membrane protein status.By using human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) as model, the binding of HER2 proteins with specific aptamers induced the formation of activated hemin/G-quadruplex (G4) DNAzyme on the cell surface to catalyze the covalent deposition of fluorescent tyramide on the membrane proteins for fluorescence imaging. Results:The DCTDR-based imaging can conveniently characterize total HER2 expression and HER2 dimerization on the breast cancer cell surface with the application of aptamer-G4 probes and proximity aptamer-split G4 probes, respectively.The designed DCTDR strategy was successfully applied to quantitatively estimate total HER2 expression and HER2 homodimer on clinical breast cancer tissue sections with high specificity and accuracy. Conclusion:The DCTDR strategy provides a simple, pragmatic and enzyme-free toolbox to conveniently and sensitively analyze protein status in clinical samples for improving clinical research, cancer diagnostics and personalized treatment.Key words: aptamer,
Convection-Enhanced Delivery of a Virus-Like Nanotherapeutic Agent with Dual-Modal Imaging for Besiegement and Eradication of Brain Tumors
Authors: Hao-Han Pang, Pin-Yuan Chen, Kuo-Chen Wei, Chiun-Wei Huang, Yow-Ling Shiue, Chiung-Yin Huang, Hung-Wei Yang
Journal: Theranostics (2019)

Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a promising technique for infusing a therapeutic agent directly into the brain, bypassing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) with a pressure gradient to increase drug concentration specifically around the brain tumor, thereby enhancing tumor inhibition and limiting the systemic toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. Herein, we developed a dual-imaging monitored virus-like nanotherapeutic agent as an ideal CED infusate, which can be delivered to specifically besiege and eradicate brain tumors.
Abstract 13178: A Novel, Data-Driven Approach to Classify Critical Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction Using Pre-Intervention Echocardiographic Measurements: A Report From The Congenital Heart Surgeons’ Society Data Center
Authors: James M Meza, Martijn Slieker, Luc Mertens, Eugene H Blackstone, Pirooz Eghtesady, Kamal Pourmoghadam, James K Kirklin, William M DeCampli, Marshall Jacobs, Tara Karamlou, Phillip T Burch, Mohsen Karimi, Jeffrey Pearl, Stephanie Fuller, Christopher Mascio, Brian W McCrindle
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Objective: Critical left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) has been traditionally classified by aortic and mitral valvar pathology. We aimed to determine if baseline qualitative and quantitative echocardiographic measures alone could define new groups of patients with greater clinical relevance. Methods: Pre-intervention transthoracic echocardiograms for 651 neonates with Critical LVOTO were interpreted by one pediatric cardiologist according to a standardized protocol. Cluster analysis, with 136 echocardiographic measures, was used to group the patients. Variables defining each group were identified by multinomial regression. Results: Cluster analysis categorized the 651 neonates into groups of 215 (Group 1), 338 (Group 2), and 98 (Group 3) patients (Panel A). Aortic valve atresia and left ventricular (LV) end diastolic volume were identified as significant discriminating variables. LV size was largest in Group 3 and smallest in Group 2. Aortic atresia was most prevalent in Group 2 and least prevalent in Group 3. The distribution of these and other variables is shown in Panel B. Balloon valvotomy was the first intervention in 9% (19/215), 2% (6/338), and 61% (60/98) (p&lt;0.0001). In those with an initial operation, single ventricle palliation was performed in 90% (176/215), 98% (326/338), and 58% (22/38) (p&lt;0.0001). Overall mortality in each group was 27% (59/215), 41% (138/338), and 12% (12/98) (p&lt;0.0001). Conclusions: Using a completely data-driven approach, we identified three novel groups, primarily based on baseline LV size, that correlate with management strategy and overall mortality. These groups roughly correspond anatomically with multi-level LV hypoplasia, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, and critical aortic stenosis, respectively. Our analysis suggests that a more useful classification of critical LVOTO may require more detailed measurements, especially of LV size, than a simplistic scheme limited to valvar pathology.
QIM19-143: Reducing Risk of IV Chemotherapy Administration Errors Utilizing Pump Integration Technology
Authors: Robert C. Stillman, Emily Konerman
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2019)

Background: The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solve Research Institute is a 356-bed cancer care hospital that is part of The Ohio State University Medical Center. In addition to the inpatient beds, the hospital services 175 ambulatory infusion chairs. Each month, we administer over 6,000 chemotherapy infusions on an IV pump. Smart IV pumps in tandem with hospital information technology infrastructure integrate IV drug administration pump data with the electronic medical record (EMR) and computerized physician order entry to decrease risk of error and increase patient safety. The closed loop system transmits the medication infusion rate and the prescribed dose to the smart pump to deliver the medication. The smart pump in turn transmits the dose and volume delivered to the EMR to accurately capture what the patient received. The ability to wirelessly transmit clinical information from the EMR to automatically program the IV pump with specific data was implemented in March 2018 as part of a system-wide safety initiative to enhance patient safety via the reduction of error during medication administration. Methods: IV pump integration has been in use since March 2018; the organization has robust data on the use of smart pump technology that allowed for comparison of data pre- and postimplementation of pump integration. This includes: total suite usage, count of basic infusions, severe harm averted, total good catches, and event-reporting data. Post-integration, the overall compliance of utilizing pump integration (sending an order from the EMR to the smart IV pump) is also continuously monitored. Results: The implementation of pump interoperability resulted in a safer delivery of infused medications (Figure 1). The use of “basic Infusion” or unprotected infusion function decreased while our use of the appropriate safeguarded pump program increased. The compliance at the medical center increased from about 86% to almost 94%. With increased usage of the pump interoperability, the potential for severe harm as well as human programming errors decreased significantly. Conclusion: The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solve Research Institute is able to deliver infused medications via a smart pump in a safer, more automated system with the implementation of pump integration. We are able to reduce the “human factor” in medication delivery by reducing keystrokes and opportunities for manual programming errors. Pre-integration data cannot be isolated for the cancer hospital only, from our post-implementation data we can infer that our chemotherapy infusions are subsequently safer for our patients.
Care After Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Alain Braillon, Jean-Marc Regimbeau
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Interpretation of Studies on the Occurrence of Atrial Fibrillation in Elite Athletes
Authors: Giuseppe D. Sanna, Guido Parodi
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Abstract 12224: Electrocardiographic Beat-to-Beat QT Interval is affected by Phases of Respiration: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Muammar M Kabir, Golriz Sedaghat, Jason Thomas, Jonathan W Waks, Colleen M Sitlani, Mary L Biggs, Nona Sotoodehnia, David S Siscovick, Wendy S Post, Charles A Henrikson, Scott D Solomon, Elsayed Z Soliman, Alfred E Buxton, Mark E Josephson, Larisa G Tereshchenko
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Respiration causes changes in heart rate and autonomic tone. The effect of electrocardiographic (ECG) RR interval (RRI) on QT interval (QTI) is well described, but correction of QTI for RRI has limitations. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that respiration affects QTI independently from its effect on RRI, and that this effect is different in sudden cardiac death (SCD) victims vs. those without SCD. Methods: We prospectively analyzed 10 second 12-lead ECGs containing only sinus beats in 14908 participants including those who succumbed to SCD during median 14 years of follow-up (n=272; age:56±6y; 39% female; 55% white) in The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Respiration effect was derived from magnitude changes in QRS loops on vectorcardiograms derived from 12 lead ECGs. Panel time-series regression models were used. Time series of RRI and change in respiratory phase (RPH), magnitude and RR angle served as patient-specific random effect predictors. Age, sex and race were entered as fixed effect predictors. QTI time series served as an outcome. Results: In healthy ARIC participants with no history of coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, or bundle branch block (n=10,553; age:53±6y; 71% female; 81% white), the relationship between QTI and RPH (adjusted for RRI and demographics) was direct: 1 radian RPH increase was associated with a 5.2 ms increase in QTI (95%CI 0.78 - 9.63; P=0.021). QTI and RPH showed inverse relationships in SCD victims: 1 radian decrease in RPH was associated with a 99.9 ms increase in QTI (95%CI 26.7 - 173.2 ms; P=0.008) in CHD SCDs (n=28; age:57±6y; 34% female; 66% white) as compared to no effect in non-CHD SCDs (n=146; age:54±7y; 34% female; 100% white): +16.1 (95%CI -17.3 to 49.5 ms; P=0.344) QTI. Conclusion: Respiration affects QTI independently from its effect on RRI, and differently in SCD victims compared to healthy individuals. Correction of QTI should include both RRI and RPH.
Race and Ethnicity Data in Research
Authors: John Heintzman, Miguel Marino
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Clinical Overview of Off-label Use of Gabapentinoid Drugs
Authors: Christopher W. Goodman, Allan S. Brett
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2019)

The gabapentinoid drugs gabapentin and pregabalin were originally developed as antiseizure drugs but now are prescribed mainly for treatment of pain. For gabapentin, the only pain-related indication approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is postherpetic neuralgia. For pregabalin, FDA-approved indications related to pain are limited to postherpetic neuralgia, neuropathic pain associated with diabetic neuropathy or spinal cord injury, and fibromyalgia. Despite these limited indications, gabapentin and pregabalin are widely prescribed off-label for various other pain syndromes. Such use is growing, possibly because clinicians are searching increasingly for alternatives to opioids.This report summarizes the limited published evidence to support off-label gabapentinoid uses, describes clinical cases in which off-label use is problematic, and notes how review articles and guidelines tend to overstate gabapentinoid effectiveness.Clinicians who prescribe gabapentinoids off-label for pain should be aware of the limited evidence and should acknowledge to patients that potential benefits are uncertain for most off-label uses.
Clinical oncology trainee numbers must double to fill workforce shortfall, says college
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2019)

The UK’s clinical oncology workforce is understaffed and shortfalls will continue to grow without investment in the specialty, the Royal College of Radiologists has warned.

The clinical oncology consultant workforce was short by 184 whole time equivalents (WTE), showed data from the college’s clinical oncology UK workforce census report for 2018, which gathered data from the UK’s 62 cancer centres.1 This could increase to 272 WTEs in 2023, it warned.

To rectify the shortfall, …
Effect of scheduled endoscopic dilatation of dominant strictures on outcome in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Christian Rupp, Theresa Hippchen, Thomas Bruckner, Petra Klöters-Plachky, Anja Schaible, Ronald Koschny, Adolf Stiehl, Daniel Nils Gotthardt, Peter Sauer
Journal: Gut (2019)

Scheduled endoscopic dilatation of dominant strictures (DS) in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) might improve outcome relative to endoscopic treatment on demand, but evidence is limited. Since randomisation is difficult in clinical practice, we present a large retrospective study comparing scheduled versus on-demand endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) based on patient preferences.Between 1987 and 2017, all new patients with PSC had been offered scheduled ERCP with dilatation of a DS if diagnosed; the latter was repeated at defined intervals until morphological resolution, independent of clinical symptoms (treatment group). Patients who refused participation were clinically evaluated annually and received endoscopic treatment only on demand (control group). The primary clinical endpoint was transplantation-free survival. Secondary outcomes were overall survival, bacterial cholangitis episodes, hepatic decompensation of liver cirrhosis and endoscopy-related adverse events.The final study included 286 patients, 133 (46.5%) receiving scheduled ERCP and 153 (53.5%) receiving on-demand ERCP. After a mean follow-up of 9.9 years, the rate of transplantation-free survival was higher in patients receiving scheduled ERCP (51% vs 29.3%; p<0.001), as was transplantation-free survival time (median: 17.9 vs 15.2 years; log-rank: p=0.008). However, the benefit of scheduled ERCP was significant only in patients with the initial (17.1%) or later (45.5%) diagnosis of a DS (17.8 vs 11.1 years; log-rank: p<0.001). IBD (p=0.03), DS (p=0.006), higher Mayo Risk Score (p=0.02) and non-adherence to scheduled endoscopy (p=0.005) were independently associated with transplantation-free survival.In our large retrospective study, regular ERCP with endoscopic balloon dilatation significantly benefits patients with PSC with DS, diagnosed both at initial presentation and during surveillance, even if asymptomatic. Further studies have to find out how to best identify stricture patients non-invasively.
More Evidence for a Prevention-Related Indication for Metformin: Let the Arguments Resume!
Authors: William T. Cefalu, Matthew C. Riddle
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

Global estimates of the number of individuals with diabetes are staggering, and the prevalence is reported to be increasing in most countries. In 2017, it was estimated that approximately 425 million adults (20–79 years of age) were living with diabetes and that half were undiagnosed (1). This number with diabetes is projected to increase to 629 million individuals by 2045 (1). An overwhelming majority of cases are attributable to type 2 diabetes. In the U.S., the latest projections identify over 30 million Americans living with diabetes (2). The numbers at risk for developing diabetes are also of great concern. Worldwide, 352 million people are thought to be at risk, with 84 million of those individuals in the U.S. (1,2).

The global diabetes burden imposes great personal costs to each individual and to society in general. Beyond the overall reduction of quality of life and productivity due to complications of diabetes, in 2017 diabetes was estimated to result in 4 million deaths worldwide (1). In addition, the International Diabetes Federation estimates that diabetes caused at least $727 billion (USD) in health expenditure in 2017—12% of total spending on adults (1). In the U.S., the estimated total costs of diagnosed diabetes have risen from $245 billion in 2012 to $327 billion in 2017, a 26% increase over a 5-year period (3). The growing personal burdens of diabetes are not acceptable given our research advances, and the costs of caring for diabetes are simply not sustainable! Thus, preventive strategies on a global scale remain a priority.

Clinical studies have provided extensive and growing evidence for the efficacy of preventive strategies (4–8). There is convincing support for using lifestyle modification (focused on healthy eating, weight loss, and enhanced physical activity) as the cornerstone of preventive therapy. We are encouraged …