tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Upregulation of Rubicon promotes autosis during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Jihoon Nah, Peiyong Zhai, Chun-Yang Huang, Álvaro F. Fernández, Satvik Mareedu, Beth Levine, Junichi Sadoshima
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

Although autophagy is generally protective, uncontrolled or excessive activation of autophagy can be detrimental. However, it is often difficult to distinguish death by autophagy from death with autophagy, and whether autophagy contributes to death in cardiomyocytes (CMs) is still controversial. Excessive activation of autophagy induces a morphologically and biochemically defined form of cell death termed autosis. Whether autosis is involved in tissue injury induced under pathologically relevant conditions is poorly understood. In the present study, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced autosis in CMs, as evidenced by cell death with numerous vacuoles and perinuclear spaces, and depleted intracellular membranes. Autosis was observed frequently after 6 hours of reperfusion, accompanied by upregulation of Rubicon, attenuation of autophagic flux, and marked accumulation of autophagosomes. Genetic downregulation of Rubicon inhibited autosis and reduced I/R injury, whereas stimulation of autosis during the late phase of I/R with Tat–Beclin 1 exacerbated injury. Suppression of autosis by ouabain, a cardiac glycoside, in humanized Na+,K+-ATPase–knockin mice reduced I/R injury. Taken together, these results demonstrate that autosis is significantly involved in I/R injury in the heart and triggered by dysregulated accumulation of autophagosomes due to upregulation of Rubicon.
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast
Authors: Melvin J. Silverstein
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2000)

Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast is a heterogeneous group of lesions with diverse malignant potential. It is the most rapidly growing subgroup in the breast cancer family; it is projected that more than 39,000 new cases will be diagnosed in the United States during 1999. Most new cases are nonpalpable and are discovered mammographically. Treatment is controversial and ranges from excision only, to excision with radiation therapy, to mastectomy. Genetic changes routinely precede morphologic evidence of malignant transformation. Medicine must learn how to recognize these genetic changes, exploit them, and in the future, prevent them.
Morphology, Cytogenetics and Survival In myelodysplasia with Del(20q) or Ider(20q): a Multicentric Study
Authors: François Mullier, Sylvie Daliphard, Richard Garand, Mélanie Dekeyser, Yvan Cornet, Isabelle Luquet, Pascaline Talmant, Steven Richebourg, Mauricette Jamar, Jean-Michel Dogné, Christian Chatelain, Lucienne Michaux, Bernard Chatelain
Journal: Blood (2010)
PTH-019 ‘missed’ oesophago- gastric cancers on gastroscopy: are we really missing them all?
Authors: Subashini Chandrapalan, Jessica Green, Francisco Perez, Ahmed Mukhtar, Deepak Kejariwal
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Oesophago-Gastric (OG) cancer usually present late with consequent poor prognosis. The failure to detect early stage OG cancer at endoscopy may contribute to poor prognosis. A recent meta-analysis reported miss rates of 11.3% for OG cancers at endoscopy up to 3 years prior to diagnosis (1). We looked at our data in the Trust to quantify how often opportunities to diagnose cancer at an earlier stage are missed. <h3>Method</h3> A retrospective review was carried out, on the medical records of newly diagnosed gastro-oesophageal cancer patients at County Durham and Darlington NHS Trust between the period 01/08/2014 – 31/07/2017. The data was extracted on patients who had standard light gastroscopy within a period of 3 years prior to the diagnosis. Endoscopic images were reviewed by a panel of 3 consultant gastroenterologists. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 181 patients were diagnosed as having gastro-oesophageal cancers during the study period, of whom 12 had gastroscopy within three years. Amongst them, 3 had gastroscopy within one year prior to the diagnosis. The index endoscopy was performed by consultant gastroenterologist in 6 patients, nurse endoscopist in 4 and others in 2 patients. The overall incidence of cancers in patients who had gastroscopy within 3 years and 1 year were 6.6% and 1.6% respectively. Amongst those, 8 were oesophageal, 3 were gastric and 1 of them was junctional cancer. Endoscopic photo documentation was fully retrievable for 6 patients who had endoscopy within 3 years and the review confirmed normal looking mucosa at the anatomical area concerned. (50%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our study shows, incidence of the oesophageal cancer was high in comparison to gastric or junctional tumours for those who had gastroscopy within 3 years prior to the diagnosis. The normal endoscopic photo documentation in 50% of the patients, suggests interval cancers rather than 'missed' cancers. This raises suspicion on whether we are increasingly dealing with rapidly progressing tumours as suggested by emerging evidence that many cancers develop rapidly by punctuated and catastrophic genome evolution (2). Serial photographic documentation of important anatomical landmarks in accordance with latest BSG guidance (3) and further studies on interval cancers are important for future cancer interception.
2020 Focused Update of the 2017 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on the Management of Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Robert O. Bonow, Patrick T. O’Gara, David H. Adams, Vinay Badhwar, Joseph E. Bavaria, Sammy Elmariah, Judy W. Hung, JoAnn Lindenfeld, Alanna A. Morris, Ruby Satpathy, Brian Whisenant, Y. Joseph Woo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Assessing the Risk for Gout With Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Michael Fralick, Sarah K. Chen, Elisabetta Patorno, Seoyoung C. Kim
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors block the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys, resulting in glucosuria and increased excretion of uric acid. The association between SGLT2 inhib...
Peers, Near-Peers, and Outreach Staff to Build Solidarity in Global HIV Research With Adolescents
Authors: Mary A. Ott, Edith Apondi, Katherine R. MacDonald, Lonnie Embleton, Julie G. Thorne, Juddy Wachira, Allan Kamanda, Paula K. A Braitstein
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2020)

In the global HIV epidemic, solidarity-building approaches to engage adolescents in HIV prevention research are not just advisable, but are imperative.In low resource settings, research-driven interventions have decreased HIV transmission among adults; adolescents, however, have not seen in the same declines (UNAIDS 2019).One reason is that research on adult HIV prevention interventions cannot be applied to adolescents -adolescents are undergoing puberty, have different romantic and sexual relationships, are dependent on families, have higher concerns about confidentiality and privacy, and have less access to care (Patton et al. 2016).Despite this need for research with adolescents, adolescents are often excluded from adult studies because of difficulties with consent -particularly for biomedical interventions such as voluntary medical circumcision and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and for interventions targeting highly marginalized groups, such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and questioning (LGBTQ+) youth and youth using substances.Investigators also face recruitment and enrollment challenges with adolescents in the most at-risk and stigmatized groups.Street youth, orphans, youth in antenatal care, LGBTQ+ youth, and adolescents living with HIV, are difficult to recruit and retain in research because of concerns about reinforcing stigma, confidentiality, and privacy.We believe that these difficulties with research consent, recruitment, and retention may have its roots in a lack of solidarity between research teams and these highly vulnerable and marginalized adolescent
In pursuit of the triple crown: mechanism-based pharmacodynamic modelling for the optimization of three-drug combinations against KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: N.J. Onufrak, N.M. Smith, M.J. Satlin, J.B. Bulitta, X. Tan, P.N. Holden, R.L. Nation, J. Li, A. Forrest, B.T. Tsuji, Z.P. Bulman
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2020)
Summary From the First Kidney Cancer Research Summit, September 12–13, 2019: A Focus on Translational Research
Authors: Toni K Choueiri, Michael B Atkins, Ziad Bakouny, Maria I Carlo, Charles G Drake, Eric Jonasch, Payal Kapur, Bryan Lewis, W Marston Linehan, Michael J Mitchell, Sumanta K Pal, Kevin Pels, Susan Poteat, W Kimryn Rathmell, Brian I Rini, Sabina Signoretti, Nizar Tannir, Robert Uzzo, Christopher G Wood, Hans J Hammers
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2020)

Kidney cancer is one of the 10 most common cancers both in the United States and worldwide. Until this year, there had not previously been a conference focused on translational studies in the broad and heterogeneous group of kidney cancers. Therefore, a group of researchers, clinicians, and patient advocates dedicated to renal cell carcinoma launched the Kidney Cancer Research Summit (KCRS) to spur collaboration and further therapeutic advances in these tumors. This commentary aims to summarize the oral presentations and serve as a record for future iterations of this meeting. The KCRS sessions addressed the tumor microenvironment, novel methods of drug delivery, single cell sequencing strategies, novel immune checkpoint blockade and cellular therapies, predictive biomarkers, and rare variants of kidney cancers. In addition, the meeting included 2 sessions to promote scientific mentoring and kidney cancer research collaborations. A subsequent KCRS will be planned for the fall of 2020.
The Surgical Diseases of Children.
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AB0164 Relationship between pulse wave velocity and serum ykl-40 level in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: A. Kucukali Turkyilmaz, G. Devrimsel, A. Kirbas, Y. Cicek, M. Karkucak, E. Capkin, F. Gokmen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Subclinical atherosclerosis have been demonstrated in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA) without any signs of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum YKL-40 level and arterial stiffness in patients with ERA. <h3>Methods</h3> Fourty two patients with ERA and 35 matched healty controls with no history or current sign of CVD were included in the study. ERA patients with active disease, defined as DAS28≥3.2, and symptoms onset &lt;12 months were recruited. Arterial stiffness was evaluated by carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (CF-PWV), the intima-media thickness carotid (IMT-C) was measured by Carotid ultrasonography. Serum YKL-40 levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunoassay method. <h3>Results</h3> The mean age was 43.1±5.8 years in ERA patients and 41.0±5.9 years in control group. The CF-PWV and IMT-C of the ERA patients was determined significantly higher than the control group (<i>P</i>= .001, <i>P</i>&lt; .001, respectively). YKL-40 levels were significantly elevated in ERA patients than controls (<i>P</i>= .008). The serum levels of YKL-40 in the ERA patients showed a strong correlation with CF-PWV (<i>r</i>= .711, <i>P</i>&lt; .001) and IMT-C (<i>r</i>= .733, <i>P</i>&lt; .001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that CF-PWV could only be explained by serum YKL-40 levels (adjusted <i>R<sup>2</sup>= .</i>493, <i>P</i>&lt; .001) <h3>Conclusions</h3> We revealed an association between increased CF-PWV and serum YKL-40 level in patients with ERA. Hence, increased CF-PWV and YKL-40 may be used for early diagnosis of atherosclerosis in early stage of rheumatoid arthritis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Abstract 12894: Clinical Predictors of Readmission to the Hospital at 1-Year Following Elective Vascular Surgery
Authors: Asrar A Khan, Selma Carlson, Mackenzie Mbai, Debra Johnson, Steve Santilli, Derrick Green, Santiago Garcia, Rosemary F Kelly, Amy Gravely, Selcuk Adabag, Edward O McFalls
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Identification of preoperative clinical variables that predict readmission to the hospital following elective vascular surgery is important. Hypothesis: We tested whether preoperative...
Perceived infection transmission routes, infection control practices, psychosocial changes, and management of COVID-19 infected healthcare workers in a tertiary acute care hospital in Wuhan: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Ying-Hui Jin, Qiao Huang, Yun-Yun Wang, Xian-Tao Zeng, Li-Sha Luo, Zhen-Yu Pan, Yu-Feng Yuan, Zhi-Min Chen, Zhen-Shun Cheng, Xing Huang, Na Wang, Bing-Hui Li, Hao Zi, Ming-Juan Zhao, Lin-Lu Ma, Tong Deng, Ying Wang, Xing-Huan Wang
Journal: Military Medical Research (2020)

Abstract Background Many healthcare workers were infected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) early in the epidemic posing a big challenge for epidemic control. Hence, this study aims to explore perceived infection routes, influencing factors, psychosocial changes, and management procedures for COVID-19 infected healthcare workers. Methods This is a cross-sectional, single hospital-based study. We recruited all 105 confirmed COVID-19 healthcare workers in the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from February 15 to 29, 2020. All participants completed a validated questionnaire. Electronic consent was obtained from all participants. Perceived causes of infection, infection prevention, control knowledge and behaviour, psychological changes, symptoms and treatment were measured. Results Finally, 103 professional staff with COVID-19 finished the questionnaire and was included (response rate: 98.1%). Of them, 87 cases (84.5%) thought they were infected in working environment in hospital, one (1.0%) thought their infection was due to the laboratory environment, and 5 (4.9%) thought they were infected in daily life or community environment. Swab of throat collection and physical examination were the procedures perceived as most likely causing their infection by nurses and doctors respectively. Forty-three (41.8%) thought their infection was related to protective equipment, utilization of common equipment (masks and gloves). The top three first symptoms displayed before diagnosis were fever (41.8%), lethargy (33.0%) and muscle aches (30.1%). After diagnosis, 88.3% staff experienced psychological stress or emotional changes during their isolation period, only 11.7% had almost no emotional changes. Arbidol (Umifenovir; an anti-influza drug; 69.2%) was the drug most commonly used to target infection in mild and moderate symptoms. Conclusion The main perceived mode of transmission was not maintaining protection when working at a close distance and having intimate contact with infected cases. Positive psychological intervention is necessary.
Preventive Strategies in Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Authors: Jerri B. Perkins
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the article entitled "Preventive Strategies in Sexually Transmitted Diseases for the Primary Care Physician," Horsburgh et al<sup>1</sup>may have misled the public on the barrier protection of the latex condom. Specifically, we found their statement that "there are no clinical data supporting the value of condoms in preventing primarily extraurethral diseases such as syphilis, genital herpes, pediculosis pubis, and scabies or the transmission of viral diseases associated with semen, such as hepatitis B, cytomegalovirus, or HIV [human immunodeficiency virus]," to be long and confusing. Bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases were all characterized together. This led to an oversimplification of a very complex medical issue—specifically, that of HIV. As a result, when this article was quoted in the lay press (<i>Los Angeles Times</i>, Aug 18,1987, p 1), it misled the public about the protection rendered by the latex condom against HIV. Therefore, we believe clarification by
1040. Donor Origin of Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells in Radiation Chimeras
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells (MAPC) are bone marrow derived stem cells that can be extensively expanded in vitro and can differentiate in vivo and in vitro into cells of all three germinal layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm. The origin of MAPC within bone marrow (BM) is unknown. MAPC are believed to be derived from the BM stroma compartment as they are isolated within the adherent cell component. Numerous studies of bone marrow chimeras in human and mouse point to a host origin of bone marrow stromal cells, including mesenchymal stem cells. We report here that following syngeneic bone marrow transplants into lethally irradiated C57Bl/6 mice, MAPC are of donor origin. When MAPC were isolated from BM chimeras (n=12, 4-12 weeks post-syngeneic BM transplant from a transgenic mouse ubiquitously expressing GFP), a mixture of large and small GFP-positive and GFP-negative cells were seen early in culture. While the large cells stained positive for stroma cell markers (smooth muscle actin), mesenchymal stem cell makers (CD73, CD105, CD44) or macrophages (CD45, CD14), the small cells were negative for all these markers and after 30 cell doublings, these cells displayed the classical phenotype of MAPC (CD45-,CD105-, CD44-, CD73-, FLK-1+(vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, VEGFR2), Sca-1+ ,CD13+).
Gene Therapy for the Heart Lessons Learned and Future Perspectives
Authors: Antonio Cannatà, Hashim Ali, Gianfranco Sinagra, Mauro Giacca
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)

While clinical gene therapy celebrates its first successes, with several products already approved for clinical use and several hundreds in the final stages of the clinical approval pipeline, there is not a single gene therapy approach that has worked for the heart. Here, we review the past experience gained in the several cardiac gene therapy clinical trials that had the goal of inducing therapeutic angiogenesis in the ischemic heart and in the attempts at modulating cardiac function in heart failure. Critical assessment of the results so far achieved indicates that the efficiency of cardiac gene delivery remains a major hurdle preventing success but also that improvements need to be sought in establishing more reliable large animal models, choosing more effective therapeutic genes, better designing clinical trials, and more deeply understanding cardiac biology. We also emphasize a few areas of cardiac gene therapy development that hold great promise for the future. In particular, the transition from gene addition studies using protein-coding cDNAs to the modulation of gene expression using small RNA therapeutics and the improvement of precise gene editing now pave the way to applications such as cardiac regeneration after myocardial infarction and gene correction for inherited cardiomyopathies that were unapproachable until a decade ago.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials on adjuvant intraperitoneal chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer
Authors: T. D. Yan, D. Black, P. H. Sugarbaker, Y. Yonemura, J. Zhu, D. L. Morris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

4614 Objectives: Despite the use of adjuvant systemic chemotherapy or radiotherapy, the long-term survival in patients with stage III and IV gastric cancer remains limited. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the effectiveness and safety of adjuvant intraperitoneal chemotherapy for patients with advanced gastric cancer. Methods: Studies eligible for this systematic review included those in which patients with gastric cancer were randomly assigned to receive surgery combined with intraperitoneal chemotherapy versus surgery without intraperitoneal chemotherapy. All forms of intraperitoneal chemotherapy in addition to surgery were included. There were no language restrictions. Quality of the trials was assessed by a predetermined checklist. The primary end-point of the meta-analysis was overall survival, defined as the time from random assignment to the last follow-up or death. Secondary end-points were the differences in the incidence of recurrence, morbidity and mortality. Results: Thirteen reports of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included for appraisal and data extraction. Ten reports were judged fair-quality and subjected to the meta-analysis. A significant improvement in survival was associated with hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIIC) alone (HR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.43 to 0.83; p = 0.002) or combined with early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC) (HR = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.29 to 0.68; p = 0.0002). Survival improvement was marginally significant (HR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.44 to 1.01; p = 0.06) with normothermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy, but not significant with EPIC alone or delayed postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy was also found to be associated with higher risks for intra-abdominal abscess (RR = 2.37; 95% CI = 1.32 to 4.26; p = 0.003) and neutropenia (RR = 4.33; 95% CI = 1.49 to 12.61; p = 0.007). Conclusion: The present meta-analysis indicates that HIIC with or without EPIC after resection of advanced gastric primary cancer is associated with an improved overall survival. However, increased risks of intra-abdominal abscess and neutropenia are demonstrated. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Use of patency capsules in patients with established Crohn’s disease
Authors: Jie Wu, Dong Wang, Jirong Huo, Chunlian Wang
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

We read with interest the article by Nemeth et al. regarding the use of patency capsules in patients with established Crohn’s disease [1]. Two strategies of patency capsule use were evaluated: selective (used only in patients with a high risk of retention) and nonselective (used in all patients with Crohn’s disease). The authors concluded that video capsule retention in patients with established Crohn’s disease was relatively rare, and that nonselective use of a patency capsule did not reduce the risk of video capsule retention.
Safe Reintroduction of Cardiovascular Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: David A. Wood, Ehtisham Mahmud, Vinod H. Thourani, Janarthanan Sathananthan, Alice Virani, Athena Poppas, Robert A. Harrington, Joseph A. Dearani, Madhav Swaminathan, Andrea M. Russo, Ron Blankstein, Sharmila Dorbala, James Carr, Sean Virani, Kenneth Gin, Alan Packard, Vasken Dilsizian, Jean-François Légaré, Jonathon Leipsic, John G. Webb, Andrew D. Krahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)