tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health Literacy and Primordial Prevention in Childhood—An Opportunity to Reduce the Burden of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Rachel Climie, Valentin Fuster, Jean-Philippe Empana
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
SARS-CoV-2-related atypical thyroiditis
Authors: Ilaria Muller, Daniele Cannavaro, Davide Dazzi, Danila Covelli, Giovanna Mantovani, Antonio Muscatello, Emanuele Ferrante, Emanuela Orsi, Veronica Resi, Virgilio Longari, Marco Cuzzocrea, Alessandra Bandera, Elisa Lazzaroni, Alessia Dolci, Ferruccio Ceriotti, Tiziana E Re, Andrea Gori, Maura Arosio, Mario Salvi
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2020)
Replication-Competent Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vaccine Vector Protects against SARS-CoV-2-Mediated Pathogenesis in Mice
Authors: James Brett Case, Paul W. Rothlauf, Rita E. Chen, Natasha M. Kafai, Julie M. Fox, Brittany K. Smith, Swathi Shrihari, Broc T. McCune, Ian B. Harvey, Shamus P. Keeler, Louis-Marie Bloyet, Haiyan Zhao, Meisheng Ma, Lucas J. Adams, Emma S. Winkler, Michael J. Holtzman, Daved H. Fremont, Sean P.J. Whelan, Michael S. Diamond
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2020)
High-Resolution Transcriptomic Profiling of the Heart During Chronic Stress Reveals Cellular Drivers of Cardiac Fibrosis and Hypertrophy
Authors: Micheal A. McLellan, Daniel A. Skelly, Malathi S.I. Dona, Galen T. Squiers, Gabriella E. Farrugia, Taylah L. Gaynor, Charles D. Cohen, Raghav Pandey, Henry Diep, Antony Vinh, Nadia A. Rosenthal, Alexander R. Pinto
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Cardiac fibrosis is a key antecedent to many types of cardiac dysfunction including heart failure. Physiological factors leading to cardiac fibrosis have been recognized for decades. However, the specific cellular and molecular mediators that drive cardiac fibrosis, and the relative effect of disparate cell populations on cardiac fibrosis, remain unclear.We developed a novel cardiac single-cell transcriptomic strategy to characterize the cardiac cellulome, the network of cells that forms the heart. This method was used to profile the cardiac cellular ecosystem in response to 2 weeks of continuous administration of angiotensin II, a profibrotic stimulus that drives pathological cardiac remodeling.Our analysis provides a comprehensive map of the cardiac cellular landscape uncovering multiple cell populations that contribute to pathological remodeling of the extracellular matrix of the heart. Two phenotypically distinct fibroblast populations, Fibroblast-Cilp and Fibroblast-Thbs4, emerged after induction of tissue stress to promote fibrosis in the absence of smooth muscle actin-expressing myofibroblasts, a key profibrotic cell population. After angiotensin II treatment, Fibroblast-Cilp develops as the most abundant fibroblast subpopulation and the predominant fibrogenic cell type. Mapping intercellular communication networks within the heart, we identified key intercellular trophic relationships and shifts in cellular communication after angiotensin II treatment that promote the development of a profibrotic cellular microenvironment. Furthermore, the cellular responses to angiotensin II and the relative abundance of fibrogenic cells were sexually dimorphic.These results offer a valuable resource for exploring the cardiac cellular landscape in health and after chronic cardiovascular stress. These data provide insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote pathological remodeling of the mammalian heart, highlighting early transcriptional changes that precede chronic cardiac fibrosis.
The Masquelet technique combined with the muscle flap for use in emergency management of acute Gustilo type III trauma of the lower limb with segmental bone loss:Case series
Authors: Linglong Deng, Aixi Yu, Baiwen Qi, Jun Lei, Cristabelle De Souza, Shaobo Zhu, Li Yu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2020)

Gustilo-Anderson type III traumas have been described as high-energy injuries with severe bone defects and extensive soft tissue damage, which remain a challenging entity, due to an inherent risk of infection, nonunion and even amputation. The emergency management of such severe trauma presents additional difficulties. Our study attempts to retrospectively evaluate the Masquelet technique combined with the muscle flap for the management of Gustilo type III trauma of the lower limb with segmental bone loss in emergencies and assess key points of success in this technique. From June 2014 to December 2017, 17 patients of Gustilo type IIIA/B/C trauma of lower limb with segmental bone loss, were recruited for our studies. All the cases experienced thorough debridement, stabilization of fracture and antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer insertion. When necessary, muscle flap surgeries were performed immediately. After wound healing, cement spacers were removed, and cancellous bone was filled to repair bone defects. Procedures were performed by two experienced orthopedic surgeons. Among the patients studied, retrograde translocations of the medial head of the gastrocnemius were performed in 5 cases, medial hemimuscular flaps of soleus in 3 cases, and medial head of the gastrocnemius combined with medial hemimuscular flaps of soleus in 4 cases. One patient developed a necrotic soleus flap and was treated with the cross-leg flap. Using a mean 28.2 months of follow-up, results were analyzed radiologically and clinically. Failures (include infection and nonunion) were not noted. And all the patients returned to full weight bearing without pain. According to the Paley fracture healing score, 15 patients showed excellent results and 2 patients displayed good results regarding bone outcomes. When considering functional outcomes, 14 patients exhibited excellent results and 3 patients displayed good results. The muscle flap is synergistic with the Masquelet technique in the emergency management of severe complex fractures. The combination of both techniques in emergency surgery demonstrates an alternative option for the treatment of acute Gustilo type III trauma of the lower limb with segmental bone loss, which can effectively prevent bone infection and amputation. We also demonstrate that firm fixation is key to the Masquelet technique.
Novel Therapy Eradicates <i>H pylori</i>
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Analysis of Primary Hyperparathyroidism Screening Among US Veterans With Kidney Stones
Authors: Calyani Ganesan, Benjamin Weia, I-Chun Thomas, Shen Song, Kyla Velaer, Carolyn D. Seib, Simon Conti, Chris Elliott, Glenn M. Chertow, Manjula Kurella Tamura, John T. Leppert, Alan C. Pao
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

Approximately 3% to 5% of patients with kidney stones have primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), a treatable cause of recurrent stones. However, the rate of screening for PHPT in patients with kidney stones remains unknown.To estimate the prevalence of parathyroid hormone (PTH) testing in veterans with kidney stones and hypercalcemia and to identify the demographic, geographic, and clinical characteristics of veterans who were more or less likely to receive PTH testing.This cohort study obtained Veterans Health Administration (VHA) health records from the Corporate Data Warehouse for veterans who received care in 1 of the 130 VHA facilities across the United States from January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2013. Historical encounters, medical codes, and laboratory data were assessed. Included patients had diagnostic or procedural codes for kidney or ureteral stones, and excluded patients were those with a previous serum PTH level measurement. Data were collected from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2014. Data analysis was conducted from June 1, 2019, to January 31, 2020.Elevated serum calcium concentration measurement between 6 months before and 6 months after kidney stone diagnosis.Proportion of patients with a serum PTH level measurement and proportion of patients with biochemical evidence of PHPT who underwent parathyroidectomy.The final cohort comprised 7561 patients with kidney stones and hypercalcemia and a mean (SD) age of 64.3 (12.3) years. Of these patients, 7139 were men (94.4%) and 5673 were white individuals (75.0%). The proportion of patients who completed a serum PTH level measurement was 24.8% (1873 of 7561). Across the 130 VHA facilities included in the study, testing rates ranged from 4% to 57%. The factors associated with PTH testing included the magnitude of calcium concentration elevation (odds ratio [OR], 1.07 per 0.1 mg/dL >10.5 mg/dL; 95% CI, 1.05-1.08) and the number of elevated serum calcium concentration measurements (OR, 1.08 per measurement >10.5 mg/dL; 95% CI, 1.06-1.10) as well as visits to both a nephrologist and a urologist (OR, 6.57; 95% CI, 5.33-8.10) or an endocrinologist (OR, 4.93; 95% CI, 4.11-5.93). Of the 717 patients with biochemical evidence of PHPT, 189 (26.4%) underwent parathyroidectomy within 2 years of a stone diagnosis.This cohort study found that only 1 in 4 patients with kidney stones and hypercalcemia were tested for PHPT in VHA facilities and that testing rates varied widely across these facilities. These findings suggest that raising clinician awareness to PHPT screening indications may improve evaluation for parathyroidectomy, increase the rates of detection and treatment of PHPT, and decrease recurrent kidney stone disease.
Letter to the editor: COVID-19: how accurate are seroprevalence studies?
Authors: Kamran Kadkhoda
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

Preview this article: Letter to the editor: COVID-19: how accurate are seroprevalence studies?, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/25/30/eurosurv-25-30-4-1.gif
Case 25-2020: A 47-Year-Old Woman with a Lung Mass
Authors: Amita Sharma, Jonathan E. Eisen, Jo-Anne O. Shepard, Adam Bernheim, Brent P. Little
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

A Woman with a Lung Mass A 47-year-old woman presented early during the Covid-19 pandemic with cough and shortness of breath. Radiography revealed a rounded mass in the right lower lobe. Computed t...
Acquired FGFR and FGF Alterations Confer Resistance to Estrogen Receptor (ER) Targeted Therapy in ER+ Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Pingping Mao, Ofir Cohen, Kailey J. Kowalski, Justin G. Kusiel, Jorge E. Buendia-Buendia, Michael S. Cuoco, Pedro Exman, Seth A. Wander, Adrienne G. Waks, Utthara Nayar, Jon Chung, Samuel Freeman, Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen, Vincent A. Miller, Federica Piccioni, David E. Root, Aviv Regev, Eric P. Winer, Nancy U. Lin, Nikhil Wagle
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

To identify clinically relevant mechanisms of resistance to ER-directed therapies in ER+ breast cancer.We conducted a genome-scale functional screen spanning 10,135 genes to investigate genes whose overexpression confer resistance to selective estrogen receptor degraders. In parallel, we performed whole-exome sequencing in paired pretreatment and postresistance biopsies from 60 patients with ER+ metastatic breast cancer who had developed resistance to ER-targeted therapy. Furthermore, we performed experiments to validate resistance genes/pathways and to identify drug combinations to overcome resistance.Pathway analysis of candidate resistance genes demonstrated that the FGFR, ERBB, insulin receptor, and MAPK pathways represented key modalities of resistance. The FGFR pathway was altered via FGFR1, FGFR2, or FGF3 amplifications or FGFR2 mutations in 24 (40%) of the postresistance biopsies. In 12 of the 24 postresistance tumors exhibiting FGFR/FGF alterations, these alterations were acquired or enriched under the selective pressure of ER-directed therapy. In vitro experiments in ER+ breast cancer cells confirmed that FGFR/FGF alterations led to fulvestrant resistance as well as cross-resistance to the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib. RNA sequencing of resistant cell lines demonstrated that FGFR/FGF induced resistance through ER reprogramming and activation of the MAPK pathway. The resistance phenotypes were reversed by FGFR inhibitors, a MEK inhibitor, and/or a SHP2 inhibitor.Our results suggest that FGFR pathway is a distinct mechanism of acquired resistance to ER-directed therapy that can be overcome by FGFR and/or MAPK pathway inhibitors.
Body Mass Index and Risk for Intubation or Death in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Michaela R. Anderson, Joshua Geleris, David R. Anderson, Jason Zucker, Yael R. Nobel, Daniel Freedberg, Jennifer Small-Saunders, Kartik N. Rajagopalan, Richard Greendyk, Sae-Rom Chae, Karthik Natarajan, David Roh, Ethan Edwin, Dympna Gallagher, Anna Podolanczuk, R. Graham Barr, Anthony W. Ferrante, Matthew R. Baldwin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Obesity is a risk factor for pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Pathogenic Variants in Breast Cancer Susceptibility Genes in Older Women—Reply
Authors: Allison W. Kurian, Ryan Bernhisel, Marcia L. Stefanick
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease in Cyprus 2004 to 2018
Authors: Maria Koliou, Diamanto Kasapi, Stella Mazeri, Panagiota Maikanti, Anna Demetriou, Chrystalla Skordi, Maria Agathocleous, Georgina Tzanakaki, Elisavet Constantinou
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

BackgroundDespite progress in the management of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) it causes significant mortality and sequelae.AimThis study aims to describe the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of IMD in Cyprus and discuss the current immunisation programmes.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of all cases of IMD notified to the Ministry of Health between 2004 and 2018. Demographic, epidemiological, clinical and microbiological data were collected when a new case was notified. Risk factors associated with mortality were investigated using univariable logistic regression.Results54 cases of IMD were recorded, an overall incidence of 0.4 cases per 100,000 population. The incidence rate was highest among infants (7.2/100,000) and adolescents (1.4/100,000). Case fatality rate was 10.4%. Serogroup B accounted for 24 of 40 cases caused by known serogroup. Serogroups W and Y comprised nine cases and were responsible for most fatal cases. Serogroup C was the cause in only four cases. There was an increase in the odds of death with increasing age, while the presence of meningitis in the clinical picture was found to be associated with lower odds of death.ConclusionDespite the low incidence of IMD in Cyprus, it remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Serogroup B is the most frequent serogroup, while incidence of serogroups W and Y is rising. Monitoring new cases and yearly evaluation of the immunisation programmes by the National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) is essential for successful control of the disease.
Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin vaccination and socioeconomic variables vs COVID‐19 global features: Clearing up a controversial issue
Authors: Luigi Ventura, Matteo Vitali, Vincenzo Romano Spica
Journal: Allergy (2020)

Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Co-Benefits to Children’s Health of the U.S. Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative
Authors: Frederica Perera, David Cooley, Alique Berberian, David Mills, Patrick Kinney
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2020)

Background: While various policies have been implemented globally to mitigate climate change and reduce exposure to toxic air pollutants, policy assessments have considered few if any of the benefits to children. Objective: To comprehensively assess the co-benefits of climate change mitigation to children, we expanded the suite of adverse health outcomes in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program (BenMAP) to include additional outcomes associated with prenatal and childhood exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5). We applied this newly expanded program to an assessment of the U.S. Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), the United States’ first regional market-based regulatory program designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the electric power sector within the Northeast. Methods: We used calculated changes in ambient PM2.5 concentrations for the period 2009–2014, with newly incorporated concentration–response (C-R) functions to quantify changes in the incidence of preterm birth (PTB), term low birth weight (TLBW), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and asthma. These outcomes are causally or likely to be causally related to PM2.5 exposure. Cost per case estimates were incorporated to monetize those changes in incidence. Results: The estimated avoided cases of adverse child health outcomes included 537 asthma cases, 112 preterm births, 98 cases of ASD, and 56 cases of TLBW, with an associated avoided cost estimate ranging from $191 to $350 million. In a previous analysis of health benefits of RGGI, the only benefits accruing to children were limited to prevented cases of infant mortality and respiratory illnesses, with a monetized impact of $8.1 million—only 2–4% of the new results attributable to RGGI. Conclusion: The results of this innovative analysis indicate that RGGI has provided substantial child health benefits beyond those initially considered. Moreover, those health benefits had significant estimated economic value. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6706
Ganglioneuromas are driven by activated AKT and can be therapeutically targeted with mTOR inhibitors
Authors: Ting Tao, Hui Shi, Meng Wang, Antonio R. Perez-Atayde, Wendy B. London, Alejandro Gutierrez, Bernardo Lemos, Adam D. Durbin, A. Thomas Look
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)

Peripheral sympathetic nervous system tumors are the most common extracranial solid tumors of childhood and include neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma. Surgery is the only effective therapy for ganglioneuroma, which may be challenging due to the location of the tumor and involvement of surrounding structures. Thus, there is a need for well-tolerated presurgical therapies that could reduce the size and extent of ganglioneuroma and therefore limit surgical morbidity. Here, we found that an AKT–mTOR–S6 pathway was active in human ganglioneuroma but not neuroblastoma samples. Zebrafish transgenic for constitutively activated myr-Akt2 in the sympathetic nervous system were found to develop ganglioneuroma without progression to neuroblastoma. Inhibition of the downstream AKT target, mTOR, in zebrafish with ganglioneuroma effectively reduced the tumor burden. Our results implicate activated AKT as a tumorigenic driver in ganglioneuroma. We propose a clinical trial of mTOR inhibitors as a means to shrink large ganglioneuromas before resection in order to reduce surgical morbidity.
Behavioural, environmental, social, and systems interventions against covid-19
Authors: Susan Michie, Robert West
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Cyanide-resistant (“alternative”) respiration was studied in Arabidopsis during incompatible and compatible infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. Total leaf respiration increased as the leaves became necrotic, as did the cyanide-resistant component that was sensitive to salicylhydroxamic acid. Infiltration of leaves with an avirulent strain rapidly induced alternative oxidase (AOX) mRNA, whereas the increase was delayed in the compatible combination. The increase in mRNA correlated with the increase in AOX protein. Increased expression was confined to the infected leaves, in contrast to the pathogenesis-related protein-1, which was induced systemically. Virtually all of the AOX protein was in the reduced (high-activity) form. Using transgenic NahG and mutantnpr1-1 and etr1-1 plants, we established that the rapid induction of the AOX was associated with necrosis and that ethylene, but not salicylic acid, was required for its induction. Increased pyruvate levels in the infected leaves suggested that increased substrate levels were respired through the alternative pathway; however, in the control leaves and the infected leaves, respiration was not inhibited by salicylhydroxamic acid alone. Increased respiration appeared to be associated primarily with symptom expression rather than resistance reactions.