tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P410: Predictive Value of Coronary Artery Calcium for Coronary versus Stroke Events
Authors: Anurag Mehta, Ambarish Pandey, Colby R Ayers, Amit Khera, Laurence Sperling, Moyses Szklo, Rebecca F Gottesman, Khurram Nasir, Matthew Budoff, Michael J Blaha, Roger S Blumenthal, Parag H Joshi
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a well-established predictor of ASCVD events, which includes both CHD and stroke events. Given the gender and ethnic variation in CHD and stroke incidence rate, we sought to determine the predictive value of CAC for CHD and stroke risk across sex and race sub-groups of a population free of ASCVD. Hypothesis: CAC score is a better predictor of CHD risk than stroke risk and the strength of its association with ASCVD and CHD risk is stronger among men. Methods: Asymptomatic White, Black, and Hispanic participants of Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Dallas Heart Study had CAC score measured at enrollment (2000-2002) and were followed for incident ASCVD events. ASCVD incidence rate and CHD-to-stroke incidence ratio across CAC score categories (0, 1-100, and &gt;100) was assessed. Association of CAC with events was evaluated using multivariable-adjusted Cox models and multiplicative interactions between CAC and sex/race were tested. Results: Among 7,042 participants (57 years, 54% women, 36% Black, 23% Hispanic, 49% with CAC=0, and 19% with CAC &gt;100) there were 574 ASCVD events (333 CHD, 241 strokes) over a 12-year median follow-up. The CHD-to-stroke incidence ratio increased from &lt;1 with CAC=0 to ≥1.4 with CAC &gt;100 in all participant groups. CAC &gt;0 was independently associated with ASCVD and CHD risk in all groups, with a stronger association observed among men than women (p-interaction &lt;0.05). There were no race-based interactions. CAC &gt;0 was independently associated with stroke risk in the overall sample but not in sex/race groups, and the strength of this association was weaker than what was observed with CHD risk. Conclusions: In these multi-ethnic, population-based cohorts the CHD-to-stroke incidence ratio was higher with higher CAC score, CAC predicted CHD risk better than stroke, and CAC presence had a stronger association with ASCVD and CHD risk among men. These results may inform the utility of CAC testing for specific patient groups and event types where it is most predictive.
Prognostic Implications of Blunted Feature-Tracking Global Longitudinal Strain During Vasodilator Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Stress Imaging
Authors: Simone Romano, Benjamin Romer, Kaleigh Evans, Michael Trybula, Chetan Shenoy, Raymond Y. Kwong, Afshin Farzaneh-Far
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2019)
Upfront Brentuximab Vedotin and Rituximab with Reduced Toxicity Chemotherapy in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Newly Diagnosed Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Jessica C. Hochberg, Liana Klejmont, Lauren Harrison, Allyson M. Flower, Quihu Shi, Jaclyn Basso, Mitchell S. Cairo
Journal: Blood (2017)
Enrichment of oral microbiota in early cystic precursors to invasive pancreatic cancer
Authors: Rogier Aäron Gaiser, Asif Halimi, Hassan Alkharaan, Liyan Lu, Haleh Davanian, Katie Healy, Luisa W Hugerth, Zeeshan Ateeb, Roberto Valente, Carlos Fernández Moro, Marco Del Chiaro, Margaret Sällberg Chen
Journal: Gut (2019)

Objectives Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are pancreatic cysts that can progress to invasive pancreatic cancer. Associations between oncogenesis and oral microbiome alterations have been reported. This study aims to investigate a potential intracystic pancreatic microbiome in a pancreatic cystic neoplasm (PCN) surgery patient cohort. Design Paired cyst fluid and plasma were collected at pancreatic surgery from patients with suspected PCN (n=105). Quantitative and qualitative assessment of bacterial DNA by qPCR, PacBio sequencing (n=35), and interleukin (IL)-1β quantification was performed. The data were correlated to diagnosis, lesion severity and clinical and laboratory profile, including proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) usage and history of invasive endoscopy procedures. Results Intracystic bacterial 16S DNA copy number and IL-1β protein quantity were significantly higher in IPMN with high-grade dysplasia and IPMN with cancer compared with non-IPMN PCNs. Despite high interpersonal variation of intracystic microbiota composition, bacterial network and linear discriminant analysis effect size analyses demonstrated co-occurrence and enrichment of oral bacterial taxa including Fusobacterium nucleatum and Granulicatella adiacens in cyst fluid from IPMN with high-grade dysplasia. The elevated intracystic bacterial DNA is associated with, but not limited to, prior exposure to invasive endoscopic procedures, and is independent from use of PPI and antibiotics. Conclusions Collectively, these findings warrant further investigation into the role of oral bacteria in cystic precursors to pancreatic cancer and have added values on the aetiopathology as well as the management of pancreatic cysts.
Comparative study of ablative efficacy of intravesical chemotherapy using gemcitabine and mitomycinC with mitomycinC alone for non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma.
Authors: Kumar Jayant, Santosh Kumar, Raghuram Ganeshmoni, Shrawan Kumar Singh, Swati Agrawal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e15538 Background: This comparative study conducted to know the efficacy and safety of intravesical gemcitabine and mitomycinC with mitomycinC alone in refractory bladder cancer. Methods: A total of 219 patients with non-muscle invasive recurrent bladder cancer refractory to BCG therapy, were enrolled at tertiary centres b/w Feb 2009-Jan 2011 with f/u for 3 yrs. After documenting the tumor size and location on cystoscopy they were randomly assigned into: Gentamycin & mitomycin (group A), mitomycin (group B). They were given intravesical chemotherapy (2 g gemcitabine f/b 40 mg mitomycin) weekly for 6 weeks and in second group mitomycin alone was given for 6weeks f/b maintenance therapy monthly for next 1 year. F/u done by cystoscopy. Results: Of total of 219 patients fifteen not meeting inclusion criteria &four denied. So 98 in Gp A & 96 in Gp B completed the therapy. In group A i.e Gentamycin & MMC a total, 82 patients (83.67%) exhibited a complete response. Rest 16 (16.23%) patients exhibited partial response. These patients had biopsy proven recurrence within 22 ± 6.16 months months. Of the 96 evaluated patients in group MMC, 63 (65.60%) exhibited a complete response while 22 patients (22.9%) had partial response, 1 patient expired due to cor pulmonale. During follow-up, 16 patients (25.3%) developed recurrence, whereas the remaining patients 47 (48.9%) were recurrence-free within this period. Median time to recurrence seen in this group was 14.5 ± 8.26 months. Conclusions: Chemoresection with sequential intravesical gemcitabine and mitomycin C is better that mitomycin alone in refractory cases. Parameters Group A Gemcitabine + MMC Group B MMC P value Male 81 78 0.854 Female 21 18 0.854 Mean Age 65.7 ± 9.8 yrs 63.9 ± 8.9 yrs 0.1785 Mean Duration of follow up 36 month 36 month Mean size of tumor < 2 cm 63 58 o.465 Mean size of tumor > 2 cm 39 38 0.465 Stage Ta 60 58 Stage T1 42 38 Grade 1 19 13 Grade 2 63 62 Grade 3 20 21 Previous treatment with BCG All All Aim of complete response 100% 100% Actual response 87.25%(89) 65.6%(63) Recurrence % 12.7% 25.3% Recurrence (Median time) 22 ± 6.16 months 14.5 ± 8.26 months Recurrence range in months 8-36 months 4-14 months
Randomized Trial of Four Treatment Approaches for Actinic Keratosis
Authors: Maud H.E. Jansen, Janneke P.H.M. Kessels, Patty J. Nelemans, Nina Kouloubis, Aimee H.M.M. Arits, Han P.A. van Pelt, Patricia J.F. Quaedvlieg, Brigitte A.B. Essers, Peter M. Steijlen, Nicole W.J. Kelleners-Smeets, Klara Mosterd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

Actinic keratosis is the most frequent premalignant skin disease in the white population. In current guidelines, no clear recommendations are made about which treatment is preferred.
Toward an Improved Understanding of Anhedonia
Authors: Randy P. Auerbach, David Pagliaccio, Diego A. Pizzagalli
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Pantoprazole prophylaxis in ICU patients with high severity of disease: a post hoc analysis of the placebo-controlled SUP-ICU trial
Authors: Søren Marker, Anders Perner, Jørn Wetterslev, Mette Krag, Theis Lange, Matt P. Wise, Mark Borthwick, Stepani Bendel, Frederik Keus, Anne Berit Guttormsen, Joerg C. Schefold, Morten Hylander Møller
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2019)
A Novel Function of a CXC-Type Chemokine CXCL14 As a Specific Carrier of CpG DNA into Dendritic Cells for Activating Toll-like Receptor 9-Mediated Adaptive Immunity
Authors: Takahiko Hara, Kosuke Tanegashima, Rena Takahashi, Hideko Nuriya, Naoto Naruse, Kohei Tsuji, Akira Shigenaga, Akira Otaka
Journal: Blood (2016)
Insert catchy title here: engaging readers and improving health with stylish academic editorials
Authors: Stuart J Warden, Nicol van Dyk
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2019)

If a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound? Analogous to this familiar philosophical thought experiment, an editorial needs to be sensed (ie, read) to provoke a reaction—to have impact. To paraphrase the late Wall Street Journal editor Robert Bartley, editorials deliver the science behind ideas, while other journal sections deliver the science behind the experiments and analyses.1 We believe editorials should: (1) stimulate discussion around a specific topic or new study (eg, recent editorials about acute:chronic workload ratios2 3), (2) propose new theories or challenge the existing dogma (eg, whether sports medicine screening adds any value4 5) or (3) deliver a call to action (eg, addressing the myth that obesity is caused by physical inactivity as opposed to a bad diet6). Here, we provide tips for writing an editorial for the British Journal of Sports Medicine (BJSM) and encourage your input on this ‘meta’ discussion.

Following the teachings of Sinek,7 editorials need to get straight to the point by starting with why. Why write the editorial? What is the motivation? The opening statement is critical to setting the scene. It may take the form of the principal finding/s from the study/ies being …
Abstract MP21: Heart Failure Risk Associated With Optimal Levels of Modifiable HF Risk Factors: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC)
Authors: Carine E Hamo, Lucia Kwak, Roberta Florido, Justin Echouffo-Tcheugui, Roger Blumenthal, Laura Loehr, Kunihiro Matsushita, Vijay Nambi, Christie M Ballantyne, Elizabeth Selvin, Aaron Folsom, Gerardo Heiss, Joseph Coresh, Chiadi E Ndumele
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Several heart failure (HF) risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and physical activity, are well described. However, the degree to which optimization of these modifiable risk factors might impact the incidence of HF is not yet fully defined. Hypothesis: We hypothesized more optimal control of major modifiable HF risk factors is associated with progressively lower HF risk. Methods: We performed a prospective analysis of 13,534 ARIC participants (mean age 57, 55% female), examining HF risk associations of different cutpoints of glycemia (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (assessed at Visit 2 [1990-92], except for physical activity assessed at Visit 1 (1987-89]). Optimal risk factor control was defined as HbA1c &lt; 7%, SBP &lt; 120 mmHg, BMI 18.5-25 kg/m 2 , and AHA-recommended activity levels. Severely uncontrolled risk factors were defined as HbA1c &gt; 8%, SBP &gt; 160 mmHg, BMI &gt; 35 kg/m 2 and no exercise physical activity. Intermediate values were considered mild to moderately uncontrolled. Cox models simultaneously including all risk factors were constructed to assess associations of risk factor levels with incident HF (by discharge codes) after Visit 2 through 2016. Results: There were 2,827 HF events over a median 24 years of follow-up. Risk gradations were seen across categorizations of each risk factor (Table). In the full model, relative to optimal control, HRs were 2.06 for BMI ≥ 35 kg/m 2 , 1.16 for poor physical activity, 2.31 for HbA1c &gt; 8% and 1.80 for SBP ≥ 160 mmHg. No risk gradient was seen from SBP &lt; 120 to 140 mmHg among hypertensives. Incidence rates (per 1000 PYs) were 7.9 for all optimally controlled risk factors, 14.5 for 3-4 mild to moderately uncontrolled risk factors and 39.5 for 3-4 severely uncontrolled risk factors. Conclusion: Optimal control of modifiable risk factors is strongly linked to lower HF risk. Our findings suggest prioritizing optimization of existing risk factors may be central to successful strategies to prevent HF onset.
Abstract P119: Gap Between Need and Supply for Hypertension Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Dinesh Neupane, Yijing Feng, Kunihiro Matsushita, Lawrence J Appel
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: The ‘Resolve to Saves Lives’ initiative aims to save 100 millions lives, in part by improving hypertension control. Since only physicians can prescribe antihypertensive medication in most countries, the scalability of such an initiative will depend on physician capacity. We estimated the # of physician visits needed by hypertensive patients and available capacity in the 20 LMICs with the highest # of hypertensive patients. Methods: Total # of physicians and hypertensive patients were estimated using data from World Bank and World Health Organization (WHO). We estimated a) 3 visits/patient/yr; b) total available visits by physicians in a lower capacity scenario (5000 visits/physician/year) and higher capacity scenario (10000 visits/physician/year); c) physicians could spend 10% of total visits on hypertension care. Results: The Table summarizes need and supply (capacity) of physician visits for hypertension care. In the lower and higher capacity scenarios, 50% and 25% of those countries have a deficit of visits for hypertension care, respectively. Indonesia, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Thailand, and Congo have a deficit in both scenarios. India has the highest deficit in lower capacity scenario. Indonesia has the highest deficit in higher capacity scenario. Conclusion: The gap between supply and need for physician visits to manage hypertension is substantial in several large LMICs. Even in countries without national-level deficit, substantial intra-country deficits may exist due to patient-physician mismatch in urban-rural areas. Options to fill this gap include increasing # of physicians, increasing fraction of physician time for hypertension care, or task sharing with, e.g., nurses and community health workers. Of these, task sharing seems most practical.
Distributing genomic data for cancer discovery.
Authors: Matthew J. Rioth, David Staggs, Lauren Hackett, Theresa Sberna, Christine Marie Lovly, Mia Alyce Levy, Jeremy Warner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e12544 Background: Many innovations in medicine were discovered by astute clinicians recognizing previously unknown patterns in their practice. As the future of cancer treatment increasingly utilizes information about tumor genomics, novel genetic biomarkers could be discovered by the clinicians who are treating the patients. At Vanderbilt University (VUMC), oncologists who ordered next generation sequencing received individual results on their patients, but lacked an easy means to see population level information regarding the genetic variation amongst their patients. Here we describe one method by which tumor genomic data was provided to clinicians for their future discovery efforts. Methods: A 3rd party CLIA-certified laboratory performed targeted exome tumor sequencing for a subset of cancer patients seen at VUMC. A full report in PDF format, as well as the “actionable” variants in a standardized extensible markup language (XML) format, was transmitted securely to a clinical server on a daily basis. The XML messages were automatically received, logged, and parsed to match patients and display mutation data in their electronic medical record (EMR) for clinicians, with a link to the full PDF. At the request of users, innovative methods of visualizing data were generated. Results: At the time of writing VUMC has received over 560 genetic reports that have been sent to 44 unique ordering providers (median 4 per ordering provider, range 1-61). Logs of transmissions were generated for each provider in a format to easily create their cohort “panels” within the EMR. In the five months since electronic transmissions started, seven clinicians have requested additional data for their quality improvement or research purposes; the latter after obtaining appropriate IRB approval. Conclusions: The XML messages, including genomic variants and specimen metadata, were successfully received by VUMC after an iterative testing process. This information was aggregated and provided to clinicians for patient care purposes in a format familiar to their workflow. The value of this information was indicated by additional requests for data and means of visualizing data. This demonstrates one method by which informatics can organize information to facilitate future cancer discovery.
Genomic landscape of anaplastic thyroid cancer.
Authors: Jaume Capdevila, Ana Vivancos, Xavier Matias-Guiu, Carmela Iglesias, Francesc Salva, Xavier Serres, Oscar Gonzalez, Enric Caubet, Jose Jimenez, Carles Zafon, Francesco M Mancuso, Ginevra Caratu, Clara Alvarez, Regina Mayor, Josep Tabernero, Joan Seoane
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

6033 Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare and highly lethal malignancy. Chemotherapeutic agents and surgery have had no impact on local control or prognosis and novel actionable therapeutic targets are needed. Genetic instability of ATC has been often reported but comprehensive genomic landscape is unclear. Methods: We have performed Exome-seq on 13 cases of ATC (matched tumor-normal tissue/ peripheral blood), including two cases of concomitant papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and ATC in the same patient (PTC, ATC, normal). Results: We identified several mutations in genes previously related with ATC, including TP53 (30%), RAS (29%), PIK3CA (23%), STAT (23%), BRAF (15%), and mutations in genes involved in SWI/SNF (15%), CDK (15%), and hedgehog (15%) pathways. The analysis of the two cases of concomitant PTC and ATC present in the same thyroid gland showed a significantly different genomic background with few common root mutations between both tumor entities (3 and 9 mutations respectively were present with a similar allelic frequency in both tumors). Clonal oncogenic BRAF and NRAS mutations were enriched in PTC but decreased in ATC, while other well-known driver mutations were only detectable in the ATC samples, including TP53, PI3KCA, STAT and PDGFR. Globally, our results suggest an early clonal divergence of PTC and ATC during tumor evolution. Conclusions: To our knowledge this is the first time where an early divergence on genomic evolution from PTC to ATC is suggested challenging the hypothesis of a multistep mutational model that leads from follicular thyroid cell to PTC and ATC. Candidate therapeutically actionable alterations have been identified.
Abstract P102: Air Pollution, Traffic Noise and Development of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in the Thoracic Aorta
Authors: Barbara Hoffmann, Frauke Hennig, Henrike Geisel, Sarah Lucht, Susanne Moebus, Raimund Erbel, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, Hagen Kälsch
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Air pollution and noise are suggested to be related to subclinical atherosclerosis, but evidence is scarce and inconsistent. We investigated the independent associations and interactions of long-term exposure to air pollution and road traffic noise with development and progression of thoracic aortic calcification (TAC). Methods: We used baseline (2000-2003) and follow-up (2006-2008) data from the German Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study, a population-based cohort of 4,814 randomly selected participants. We assessed residential long-term exposure to air pollution and noise with chemistry transport and noise propagation models, respectively. TAC was quantified from non-contrast enhanced electron beam computed tomography. Incident TAC and percent increase in TAC progression were analyzed with multiple logistic and linear regression, respectively, adjusted for age, sex, lifestyle variables, and individual and area-level socioeconomic status. Results: The analysis sample comprised 3,125 participants (mean age 59.4 years, 49.9% male) with a mean follow-up of 5 years. Traffic-related air pollutants and night-time noise (L night ) were associated with incident TAC (OR 1.18 [95%CI: 0.98-1.41] per IQR of particle number concentration and 1.20 [0.99, 1.46] per 5 dB(A) L night ). Similar associations were observed for TAC progression (0.14% [0.00; 0.28%] per IQR of NO 2 and 0.18% [0.02; 0.35%] per 5 dB(A) L night ), in those with minimal calcification at baseline. Results did not change upon mutual adjustment. Conclusion: Our study suggests that air pollution and road traffic noise may be weakly associated with the development of subclinical atherosclerosis, which remained robust when taking the other exposure into account.