tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Caring for Patients With Cancer During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy
Authors: Filippo Pietrantonio, Marina Chiara Garassino
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

Caring for Patients With Cancer During the COVID-19 Outbreak in ItalyAt the time of this writing, the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was detected in Italy only 5 weeks ago, and it has changed our lives and the lives of our families forever.After a 12-hour shift at our hospital, The National Cancer Institute of Milan, we decided to turn off the lights, put a candle near the screens of our laptops, and share our feelings with the oncology community.We had come back from Australia and Peru on the previous Saturday morning to the news that the first case had already been discovered in the city of Codogno.We were expecting the first case; we knew that it could happen; we knew it would happen; but we did not know when or where.In the beginning, there was a bit of disbelief and, although the virus was close, it still seemed very far away.It did not help that scientists and politicians were divided into alarmists and nonalarmists.Even we, people of science, could not disentangle ourselves from what was true and what was blown out of proportion.In the second phase, we felt afraid for the elderly, for the most fragile people in the community, but we never thought that the virus would touch all of us so closely.As the time passed we felt more patriotic, and at 6:00 in the evening, when the numbers of the dead were published, people took to their balconies and began singing to life and the national anthem, as they had done in China in the months before.Children hung rainbows out with the words "everything will be fine."We have all been afraid; we have been glued to the web for hours in a desperate search for comforting news or falling numbers.We tried doing math: if only they locked everything down, within 10 days we will start to see a decrease in the number of deaths.But no, the numbers went up.Today, we rejoice that there were only 600 deaths instead of 800.We felt outrage toward those who refused to stay at home while we were still working.We felt anger toward those who went out for long rides with the dog, those who jogged, and for those who did not understand that their lack of responsibility was putting our lives and the lives of our families at risk.The first great pain I felt was when a dear friend's relative became sick in a community for the elderly.The fever went up; the first test results were negative; the fever stayed high; and then the second test results came in positive.And there, in isolation, without ever seeing family or friends again, the person died.The people who die from COVID-19 have no rights-no right to be visited, no right to a hug, no right to a funeral.They die alone.Then our colleagues began to get sick.Unfortunately, many of us, physicians, sometimes feel immortal.We often think something can happen to others and not to us, but this time death touches us all.In the evening the city is dark and silent.The only noises you can
Rates of Fertility Preservation Use Among Transgender Adolescents
Authors: Kenneth C. Pang, Angus J. S. Peri, Hsu En Chung, Michelle Telfer, Charlotte V. Elder, Sonia Grover, Yasmin Jayasinghe
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

Transgender adolescents are increasingly seeking hormonal intervention to achieve a body consistent with their gender identity.These treatments include gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) to suppress puberty and the genderaffirming hormones testosterone and estrogen.Given that these interventions affect reproductive function, current treatment guidelines recommend prior fertility counseling and access to fertility preservation (FP). 1 However, despite a previous report that 36% of transgender adolescents want biological children in the future, 2 3 recent North American studies 3-5 identified that less than 5% of transgender adolescents accessed FP.Whether these low rates reflect service barriers (eg, cost and availability), unwillingness to delay hormonal treatment for FP, and/or an intrinsic lack of desire for FP is unclear.We performed a retrospective review to examine FP use among transgender adolescents receiving hormonal intervention at our pediatric gender service in Australia.We hypothesized that the nature of our clinic, which is publicly funded and located alongside a pediatric oncofertility center, might reduce barriers and increase FP uptake.
Long-term impact of preventive UDCA therapy after transplantation for primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Christophe Corpechot, Olivier Chazouillères, Pierre Belnou, Aldo J. Montano-Loza, Andrew Mason, Maryam Ebadi, Dennis Eurich, Sascha Chopra, Dietmar Jacob, Christoph Schramm, Martina Sterneck, Tony Bruns, Philipp Reuken, Falk Rauchfuss, Davide Roccarina, Douglas Thorburn, Alessio Gerussi, Palak Trivedi, Gideon Hirschfield, Patrick McDowell, Frederik Nevens, Olivier Boillot, Alexie Bosch, Emiliano Giostra, Filomena Conti, Raoul Poupon, Albert Parés, Anna Reig, Maria Francesca Donato, Federica Malinverno, Annarosa Floreani, Francesco Paolo Russo, Nora Cazzagon, Xavier Verhelst, Jorn Goet, Maren Harms, Henk van Buuren, Bettina Hansen, Fabrice Carrat, Jérôme Dumortier
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Macromechanics and polycaprolactone fiber organization drive macrophage polarization and regulate inflammatory activation of tendon in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Angelina D. Schoenenberger, Herbert Tempfer, Christine Lehner, Jasmin Egloff, Marita Mauracher, Anna Bird, Jonas Widmer, Katharina Maniura-Weber, Sandro F. Fucentese, Andreas Traweger, Unai Silvan, Jess G. Snedeker
Journal: Biomaterials (2020)
Choosing a Parkinson Disease Treatment
Authors: Melissa J. Armstrong, Michael S. Okun
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Writing Group for the NINDS Exploratory Trials in Parkinson Disease (NET-PD) Investigators; Karl Kieburtz, MD, MPH; Barbara C. Tilley, PhD; Jordan J. Elm, PhD; Debra Babcock, PhD, MD; Robert Hauser, MD; G. Webster Ross, MD; Alicia H. Augustine, MS, PhD; Erika U. Augustine, MD; Michael J. Aminoff, MD, FRCP; Ivan G. Bodis-Wollner, MD; James Boyd, MD; Franca Cambi, MD; Kelvin Chou, MD; Chadwick W. Christine, MD; Michelle Cines, RN; Nabila Dahodwala, MD; Lorelei Derwent, RN; Richard B. Dewey Jr, MD; Katherine Hawthorne; David J. Houghton, MD; Cornelia Kamp, MBA; Maureen Leehey, MD; Mark F. Lew, MD; Grace S. Lin Liang, MD; Sheng T. Luo, PhD; Zoltan Mari, MD; John C. Morgan, MD, PhD; Sotirios Parashos, MD; Adriana Pérez, MS, PhD; Helen Petrovitch, MD; Suja Rajan, MHA, MS, PhD; Sue Reichwein, CCRC; Jessie Tatsuno Roth, RN, BSN; Jay S. Schneider, PhD; Kathleen M. Shannon, MD; David K. Simon, MD, PhD; Tanya Simuni, MD; Carlos Singer, MD; Lewis Sudarsky, MD; Caroline M. Tanner, MD, PhD; Chizoba C. Umeh, MD; Karen Williams; Anne-Marie Wills, MD
Horizontal fissuring at the osteochondral interface: a novel and unique pathological feature in patients with obesity-related osteoarthritis
Authors: Lianzhi Chen, Felix Yao, Tao Wang, Guangyi Li, Peilin Chen, Max Bulsara, Jessica Jun Yi Zheng, Euphemie Landao-Bassonga, Marty Firth, Praveen Vasantharao, Yigang Huang, Michelle Lorimer, Stephen Graves, Junjie Gao, Richard Carey-Smith, John Papadimitriou, Changqing Zhang, David Wood, Christopher Jones, Minghao Zheng
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Obesity is a well-recognised risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA). Our aim is to characterise body mass index (BMI)-associated pathological changes in the osteochondral unit and determine if obesity is the major causal antecedent of early joint replacement in patients with OA.We analysed the correlation between BMI and the age at which patients undergo total knee replacement (TKR) in 41 023 patients from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry. We then investigated the effect of BMI on pathological changes of the tibia plateau of knee joint in a representative subset of the registry.57.58% of patients in Australia who had TKR were obese. Patients with overweight, obese class I & II or obese class III received a TKR 1.89, 4.48 and 8.08 years earlier than patients with normal weight, respectively. Microscopic examination revealed that horizontal fissuring at the osteochondral interface was the major pathological feature of obesity-related OA. The frequency of horizontal fissure was strongly associated with increased BMI in the predominant compartment. An increase in one unit of BMI (1 kg/m2) increased the odds of horizontal fissures by 14.7%. 84.4% of the horizontal fissures were attributable to obesity. Reduced cartilage degradation and alteration of subchondral bone microstructure were also associated with increased BMI.The key pathological feature in OA patients with obesity is horizontal fissuring at the osteochondral unit interface. Obesity is strongly associated with a younger age of first TKR, which may be a result of horizontal fissures.
Belief as a non-epistemic adaptive benefit
Authors: Rebekah Gelpi, William Andrew Cunningham, Daphna Buchsbaum
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2020)

Although rationalization about one's own beliefs and actions can improve an individual's future decisions, beliefs can provide other benefits unrelated to their epistemic truth value, such as group cohesion and identity. A model of resource-rational cognition that accounts for these benefits may explain unexpected and seemingly irrational thought patterns, such as belief polarization.
Outcomes of Immunosuppressive Therapy for Pediatric Aplastic Anemia: A North American Pediatric Aplastic Anemia Consortium (NAPAAC) Study
Authors: Zora R. Rogers, Taizo Allen Nakano, Timothy S. Olson, Alison A. Bertuch, Anjulika Chawla, Paul Castillo, Winfred Wang, Alfred Gillio, Grzegorz Nalepa, Peter Kurre, Carolyn M. Bennett, Rabi Hanna, Christopher Gamper, Gary M. Kupfer, Jennifer A. Rothman, Jessica Boklan, Alexis A Thompson, Amy E. Geddis, Bertil Glader, James N. Huang, Thomas D. Coates, Michaela Cada, Kelly J. Walkovich, Sarita Joshi, Adrianna Vlachos, Edie A. Weller, David A. Williams, Akiko Shimamura
Journal: Blood (2017)
Hispanic/Latino Patients with Gastric Adenocarcinoma Have Distinct Molecular Profiles Including a High Rate of Germline<i>CDH1</i>Variants
Authors: Sam C. Wang, Yunku Yeu, Suntrea T.G. Hammer, Shu Xiao, Min Zhu, Changjin Hong, Jean R. Clemenceau, Lynn Y. Yoon, Ibrahim Nassour, Jeanne Shen, Deepak Agarwal, Scott I. Reznik, John C. Mansour, Adam C. Yopp, Hao Zhu, Tae Hyun Hwang, Matthew R. Porembka
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Hispanic/Latino patients have a higher incidence of gastric cancer and worse cancer-related outcomes compared with patients of other backgrounds. Whether there is a molecular basis for these disparities is unknown, as very few Hispanic/Latino patients have been included in previous studies. To determine the genomic landscape of gastric cancer in Hispanic/Latino patients, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and RNA sequencing on tumor samples from 57 patients; germline analysis was conducted on 83 patients. The results were compared with data from Asian and White patients published by The Cancer Genome Atlas. Hispanic/Latino patients had a significantly larger proportion of genomically stable subtype tumors compared with Asian and White patients (65% vs. 21% vs. 20%, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Transcriptomic analysis identified molecular signatures that were prognostic. Of the 43 Hispanic/Latino patients with diffuse-type cancer, 7 (16%) had germline variants in CDH1. Variant carriers were significantly younger than noncarriers (41 vs. 50 years, P &amp;lt; 0.05). In silico algorithms predicted five variants to be deleterious. For two variants that were predicted to be benign, in vitro modeling demonstrated that these mutations conferred increased migratory capability, suggesting pathogenicity. Hispanic/Latino patients with gastric cancer possess unique genomic landscapes, including a high rate of CDH1 germline variants that may partially explain their aggressive clinical phenotypes. Individualized screening, genetic counseling, and treatment protocols based on patient ethnicity and race may be necessary. Significance: Gastric cancer in Hispanic/Latino patients has unique genomic profiles that may contribute to the aggressive clinical phenotypes seen in these patients.
What is in? What is out? Updating the British Society for Cutaneous Allergy facial series*
Authors: S. Rolls, E. Owen, C.G. Bertram, J.F. Bourke, D.A. Buckley, M.M.U. Chowdhury, S.M. Cooper, S.A. Ghaffar, C.M. Green, T.M. Hughes, G.A. Johnston, C.M. Reckling, D.A. Thompson, S.H. Wakelin, M. Wilkinson, N.M. Stone
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to cosmetics is widely reported. To ensure we are accurately diagnosing ACD, patch test series should be continually reviewed to identify relevant and emerging allergens and highlight those that are outdated. The current British Society for Cutaneous Allergy (BSCA) facial series recommends 26 allergens and was last modified in 2012.To review and update the BSCA facial series.We retrospectively reviewed the results from 12 UK and Ireland patch test centres' facial series from January 2016 to December 2017. We recorded the number of allergens tested in each centre and the detection rate for each allergen. Using a 0·3% positive rate as the inclusion threshold, we established which allergens in the BSCA facial series had positive patch test rates < 0·3% and > 0·3%. Allergens not in the BSCA facial series that had a positive patch test rate > 0·3% were identified.Overall, 4224 patients were patch tested to the facial series. The number of allergens included in individual centres' facial series ranged from 24 to 66, with a total of 103 allergens tested across all centres. Twelve of the 26 allergens in the BSCA facial series had a positive patch test rate < 0·3% and 14 had a rate > 0·3%. Twenty-five allergens not recommended in the BSCA facial series had a positive patch test rate > 0·3%.This audit has highlighted the significant variation in practice that exists among patch test centres, despite a recommended facial series. The BSCA facial series has been updated and now contains 24 allergens. Fifteen allergens remain, 11 allergens have been dropped and nine new allergens have been added.
Evaluation of Cyclophosphamide/GVAX Pancreas Followed by Listeria-Mesothelin (CRS-207) with or without Nivolumab in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Takahiro Tsujikawa, Todd Crocenzi, Jennifer N. Durham, Elizabeth A. Sugar, Annie A. Wu, Beth Onners, Julie M. Nauroth, Robert A. Anders, Elana J. Fertig, Daniel A. Laheru, Kim Reiss, Robert H. Vonderheide, Andrew H. Ko, Margaret A. Tempero, George A. Fisher, Michael Considine, Ludmila Danilova, Dirk G. Brockstedt, Lisa M. Coussens, Elizabeth M. Jaffee, Dung T. Le
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Purpose: Two studies in previously treated metastatic pancreatic cancer have been completed combining GVAX pancreas vaccine (GM-CSF–secreting allogeneic pancreatic tumor cells) with cyclophosphamide (Cy) and CRS-207 (live, attenuated Listeria monocytogenes–expressing mesothelin). In the current study, we compared Cy/GVAX followed by CRS-207 with (Arm A) or without nivolumab (Arm B). Patients and Methods: Patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma who received one prior therapy for metastatic disease and RECIST measurable disease were randomized 1:1 to receive treatment on Arm A or Arm B. The primary objective was to compare overall survival (OS) between the arms. Additional objectives included assessment of progression-free survival, safety, tumor responses, CA19-9 responses, and immunologic correlates. Results: Ninety-three patients were treated (Arm A, 51; Arm B, 42). The median OS in Arms A and B were 5.9 [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.7–8.6] and 6.1 (95% CI, 3.5–7.0) months, respectively, with an HR of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.55–1.34). Objective responses were seen in 3 patients using immune-related response criteria (4%, 2/51, Arm A; 2%, 1/42, Arm B). The grade ≥3 related adverse event rate, whereas higher in Arm A (35.3% vs. 11.9%) was manageable. Changes in the microenvironment, including increase in CD8+ T cells and a decrease in CD68+ myeloid cells, were observed in long-term survivors in Arm A only. Conclusions: Although the study did not meet its primary endpoint of improvement in OS of Arm A over Arm B, the OS was comparable with standard therapy. Objective responses and immunologic changes in the tumor microenvironment were evident.
Bioactive polymeric materials and electrical stimulation strategies for musculoskeletal tissue repair and regeneration
Authors: Bryan Ferrigno, Rosalie Bordett, Nithyadevi Duraisamy, Joshua Moskow, Michael R. Arul, Swetha Rudraiah, Syam P. Nukavarapu, Anthony T. Vella, Sangamesh G. Kumbar
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2020)

Electrical stimulation (ES) is predominantly used as a physical therapy modality to promote tissue healing and functional recovery. Research efforts in both laboratory and clinical settings have shown the beneficial effects of this technique for the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues, which include muscle, bone, skin, nerve, tendons, and ligaments. The collective findings of these studies suggest ES enhances cell proliferation, extracellular matrix (ECM) production, secretion of several cytokines, and vasculature development leading to better tissue regeneration in multiple tissues. However, there is still a gap in the clinical relevance for ES to better repair tissue interfaces, as ES applied clinically is ineffective on deeper tissue. The use of a conducting material can transmit the stimulation applied from skin electrodes to the desired tissue and lead to an increased function on the repair of that tissue. Ionically conductive (IC) polymeric scaffolds in conjunction with ES may provide solutions to utilize this approach effectively. Injectable IC formulations and their scaffolds may provide solutions for applying ES into difficult to reach tissue types to enable tissue repair and regeneration. A better understanding of ES-mediated cell differentiation and associated molecular mechanisms including the immune response will allow standardization of procedures applicable for the next generation of regenerative medicine. ES, along with the use of IC scaffolds is more than sufficient for use as a treatment option for single tissue healing and may fulfill a role in interfacing multiple tissue types during the repair process.
Marizomib suppresses triple-negative breast cancer via proteasome and oxidative phosphorylation inhibition
Authors: Prahlad V. Raninga, Andy Lee, Debottam Sinha, Lan-feng Dong, Keshava K. Datta, Xue Lu, Priyakshi Kalita-de Croft, Mriga Dutt, Michelle Hill, Normand Pouliot, Harsha Gowda, Murugan Kalimutho, Jiri Neuzil, Kum Kum Khanna
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Purpose: Lacking effective targeted therapies, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBCs) is highly aggressive and metastatic disease, and remains clinically challenging breast cancer subtype to treat. Despite the survival dependency on the proteasome pathway genes, FDA-approved proteasome inhibitors induced minimal clinical response in breast cancer patients due to weak proteasome inhibition. Hence, developing effective targeted therapy using potent proteasome inhibitor is required. Methods: We evaluated anti-cancer activity of a potent proteasome inhibitor, marizomib, in vitro using breast cancer lines and in vivo using 4T1.2 murine syngeneic model, MDA-MB-231 xenografts, and patient-derived tumor xenografts. Global proteome profiling, western blots, and RT-qPCR were used to investigate the mechanism of action for marizomib. Effect of marizomib on lung and brain metastasis was evaluated using syngeneic 4T1BR4 murine TNBC model in vivo. Results: We show that marizomib inhibits multiple proteasome catalytic activities and induces a better anti-tumor response in TNBC cell lines and patient-derived xenografts alone and in combination with the standard-of-care chemotherapy. Mechanistically, we show that marizomib is a dual inhibitor of proteasome and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in TNBCs. Marizomib reduces lung and brain metastases by reducing the number of circulating tumor cells and the expression of genes involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. We demonstrate that marizomib-induced OXPHOS inhibition upregulates glycolysis to meet the energetic demands of TNBC cells and combined inhibition of glycolysis with marizomib leads to a synergistic anti-cancer activity. Conclusions: Our data provide a strong rationale for a clinical evaluation of marizomib in primary and metastatic TNBC patients.
Abstract 12028: Preoperative Administration of CoQ10 and Postoperative Cardiac Troponins in Patients Undergoing Elective Vascular Surgery
Authors: Asrar Khan, Mackenzi Mbai, Debra K Johnson, Jennifer T Nguyen, Selcuk Adabag, Santiago Garcia, Edward O McFalls
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential component of Complex III of the electron transport chain of mitochondria. Daily supplementation has been shown to reduce oxidant stress in patient...
The Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression: A Critical Review of Clinimetric Properties of Different Versions
Authors: Danilo Carrozzino, Chiara Patierno, Giovanni A. Fava, Jenny Guidi
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2020)

The format of the original Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) was unstructured: only general instructions were provided for rating individual items. Over the years, a number of modified versions of the HAM-D have been proposed. They differ not only in the number of items, but also in modalities of administration. Structured versions, including item definitions, anchor points and semi-structured or structured interview questions, were developed. This comprehensive review was conducted to examine the clinimetric properties of the different versions of the HAM-D. The aim was to identify the HAM-D versions that best display the clinimetric properties of reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change. The search was conducted on MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed, and yielded a total of 35,473 citations, but only the most representative studies were included. The structured versions of the HAM-D were found to display the highest inter-rater and test-retest reliability. The Clinical Interview for Depression and the 6-item HAM-D showed the highest sensitivity in differentiating active treatment from placebo. The findings indicate that the HAM-D is a valid and sensitive clinimetric index, which should not be discarded in view of obsolete and not clinically relevant psychometric criteria. The HAM-D, however, requires an informed use: unstructured forms should be avoided and the type of HAM-D version that is selected should be specified in the registration of the study protocol and in the methods of the trial.