tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Regional Practice Environment Intensity and the Ability of Internists to Practice High-Value Care After Residency
Authors: Weifeng Weng, Jessica Van Parys, Rebecca S. Lipner, Jonathan S. Skinner, Brenda E. Sirovich
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Use of health care services and physician practice patterns have been shown to vary widely across the United States. Although practice patterns—in particular, physicians' ability to provide high-quality, high-value care—develop during training, the association of a physician's regional practice environment with that ability is less well understood. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine the association between health care intensity in the region where physicians practice and their ability to practice high-value care, specifically for physicians whose practice environment changed due to relocation after residency. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cohort study included a national sample of 3896 internal medicine physicians who took the 2002 American Board of Internal Medicine initial certification examination followed approximately 1 decade (April 21, 2011, to May 7, 2015) later by the Maintenance of Certification (MOC) examination. At the time of the MOC examination, 2714 of these internists were practicing in a new region. Data were analyzed from March 6, 2016, to May 21, 2018. <h3>Exposures</h3> Intensity of care in the Dartmouth Atlas hospital referral region (HRR), measured by per-enrollee end-of-life physician visits (primary) and current practice type (secondary). <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The outcome, a physician's ability to practice high-value care, was assessed using the Appropriately Conservative Management (ACM) score on the MOC examination, measuring performance across all questions for which the correct answer was the most conservative option. The exposure, regional health care intensity, was measured as per-enrollee end-of-life physician visits in the Dartmouth Atlas HRR of the physician's practice. <h3>Results</h3> Among the 3860 participating internists included in the analysis (2030 men [52.6%]; mean [SD] age, 45.6 [4.5] years), those who moved to regions in the quintile of highest health care intensity had an ACM score 0.22 SD lower (95% CI, −0.32 to −0.12) than internists who moved to regions in the quintile of lowest intensity, controlling for postresidency ACM scores. This difference reflected scoring in the 44th compared with the 53rd percentile of all examinees. This association was mildly attenuated (0.18 SD less; 95% CI, −0.28 to −0.09) after adjustment for physician and practice characteristics. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This study found that practice patterns of internists who relocate after residency training appear to migrate toward norms of the new region. The demands of practicing in high-intensity regions may erode the ability to practice high-value conservative care.
Development of a neural interface for high-definition, long-term recording in rodents and nonhuman primates
Authors: Chia-Han Chiang, Sang Min Won, Amy L. Orsborn, Ki Jun Yu, Michael Trumpis, Brinnae Bent, Charles Wang, Yeguang Xue, Seunghwan Min, Virginia Woods, Chunxiu Yu, Bong Hoon Kim, Sung Bong Kim, Rizwan Huq, Jinghua Li, Kyung Jin Seo, Flavia Vitale, Andrew Richardson, Hui Fang, Yonggang Huang, Kenneth Shepard, Bijan Pesaran, John A. Rogers, Jonathan Viventi
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2020)

A scalable neural interface technology projected to last at least 6 years in the body samples over a thousand brain sites using flexible electronics.
Development of a database for the rapid and accurate routine identification of Achromobacter species by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)
Authors: T. Garrigos, C. Neuwirth, A. Chapuis, J. Bador, L. Amoureux, E. Andre, E. Barbier, J. Caillon, E. Cardot-Martin, V. Cattoir, A. Doléans-Jordheim, F. Echahidi, A. Ferroni, H. Guet-Revillet, G. Héry-Arnaud, J. Lipuma, N. Nørskov-Lauritsen, C. Peeters, D. Pierard, C. Segonds, E. Thomas, P. Plésiat, P. Vandamme, A. Verroken, H. Vu-Thien
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2020)
Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale - Gender Spectrum (UGDS-GS): Construct validity among transgender, nonbinary, and LGBQ samples
Authors: Jenifer K. McGuire, Dianne Berg, Jory M. Catalpa, Quin J. Morrow, Jessica N. Fish, G. Nic Rider, Thomas Steensma, Peggy T. Cohen-Kettenis, Katherine Spencer
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2020)

Background: Researchers combined both versions of the original Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale (UGDS) to create a single gender spectrum version (UGDS-GS) which measures dissatisfaction with gender identity and expression over time as well as comfort with affirmed gender identity.Aim: This study examined the construct validity of the newly revised, UGDS-GS.Method: Tests of measurement invariance were conducted in stages to assess measurement invariance of the UGDS-GS across three groups: cisgender, binary transgender, and nonbinary/genderqueer.Results: Findings indicate that the UGDS-GS functions acceptably in all three gender groups (configural and metric invariance). Also, across binary transgender and nonbinary/genderqueer groups, the measure functions very similarly with all four types of invariance. Item level findings highlight the specificity of the measure to distinguish experiences of binary transgender and nonbinary/genderqueer persons differently from cisgender LGBQ individuals.Conclusions: The UGDS-GS demonstrates a large degree of invariance across binary transgender, nonbinary/genderqueer, and cisgender LGBQ subgroups; and therefore, findings indicate this revision to be a substantial improvement. This 18-item self-report, Likert-type scale measure is a) inclusive of all gender identities and expressions (e.g., transfeminine spectrum, transmasculine spectrum, genderqueer, nonbinary, cisgender); b) appropriate for use longitudinally from adolescence to adulthood; and c) administered at any point in the social or medical transition process, if applicable, or in community-based research focused on gender dysphoria that examines cisgender and transgender persons.
E2A-PBX1 functions as a coactivator for RUNX1 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Wen-Chieh Pi, Jun Wang, Miho Shimada, Jia-Wei Lin, Huimin Geng, Yu-Ling Lee, Rui Lu, Dongxu Li, Gang Greg Wang, Robert G. Roeder, Wei-Yi Chen
Journal: Blood (2020)
Telemedicine in Liver Disease and Beyond: Can the COVID‐19 Crisis Lead to Action?
Authors: Marina Serper, Allen W. Cubell, Mary Elisabeth Deleener, Tara K. Casher, Dale J. Rosenberg, Dale Whitebloom, Roy M. Rosin
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

Evidence strongly supports that access to specialty gastroenterology or hepatology care in cirrhosis is associated with higher adherence to guideline‐recommended care and improves clinical outcomes. Presently, only about one half of acute care hospitalizations for cirrhosis‐related complications result in inpatient specialty care, and the current hepatology workforce cannot meet the demand of patients with liver disease nationwide, particularly in less densely populated areas and in community‐based practices not affiliated with academic centers. Telemedicine, defined as the delivery of health care services at a distance using electronic means for diagnosis and treatment, holds tremendous promise to increase access to broadly specialty care. The technology is cheap and easy to use, although it is presently limited in scale by interstate licensing restrictions and reimbursement barriers. The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and coronavirus disease 2019 has, in the short term, accelerated the growth of telemedicine delivery as a public health and social distancing measure. Herein, we examine whether this public health crisis can accelerate the national conversation about broader adoption of telemedicine for routine medical care in non‐crisis situations, using a case series from our telehepatology program as a pragmatic example.
Spaced Training Forms Complementary Long-Term Memories of Opposite Valence in Drosophila
Authors: Pedro F. Jacob, Scott Waddell
Journal: Neuron (2020)

Forming long-term memory (LTM) often requires repetitive experience spread over time. Studies in Drosophila suggest aversive olfactory LTM is optimal after spaced training, multiple trials of differential odor conditioning with rest intervals. Memory after spaced training is frequently compared to that after the same number of trials without intervals. Here we show that, after spaced training, flies acquire additional information and form an aversive memory for the shock-paired odor and a slowly emerging and more persistent "safety-memory" for the explicitly unpaired odor. Safety-memory acquisition requires repetition, order, and spacing of the training trials and relies on triggering specific rewarding dopaminergic neurons. Co-existence of aversive and safety memories is evident as depression of odor-specific responses at different combinations of junctions in the mushroom body output network; combining two outputs appears to signal relative safety. Having complementary aversive and safety memories augments LTM performance after spaced training by making the odor preference more certain.
Direct myosin-2 inhibition enhances cerebral perfusion resulting in functional improvement after ischemic stroke
Authors: Máté Pénzes, Demeter Túrós, Domokos Máthé, Krisztián Szigeti, Nikolett Hegedűs, Anna Ágnes Rauscher, Péter Tóth, Ivan Ivic, Parasuraman Padmanabhan, Gabriella Pál, Árpád Dobolyi, Máté Gyimesi, András Málnási-Csizmadia
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Acute ischemic stroke treatment faces an unresolved obstacle as capillary reperfusion remains insufficient after thrombolysis and thrombectomy causing neuronal damage and poor prognosis.Hypoxia-induced capillary constriction is mediated by actomyosin contraction in precapillary smooth muscle cells (SMCs) therefore smooth muscle myosin-2 could be an ideal target with potentially high impact on reperfusion of capillaries.Methods: The myosin-2 inhibitor para-aminoblebbistatin (AmBleb) was tested on isolated human and rat arterioles to assess the effect of AmBleb on vasodilatation.Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed on 38 male Wistar rats followed by local administration of AmBleb into the ischemic brain area.Development of brain edema and changes in cerebrovascular blood flow were assessed using MRI and SPECT.We also tested the neurological deficit scores and locomotor asymmetry of the animals for 3 weeks after the MCAO operation.Results: Our results demonstrate that AmBleb could achieve full relaxation of isolated cerebral arterioles.In living animals AmBleb recovered cerebral blood flow in 32 out of the 65 affected functional brain areas in MCAO operated rats, whereas only 8 out of the 67 affected areas were recovered in the control animals.Animals treated with AmBleb also showed significantly improved general and focal deficit scores in neurological functional tests and showed significantly ameliorated locomotor asymmetry.Conclusion: Direct inhibition of smooth muscle myosin by AmBleb in pre-capillary SMCs significantly contribute to the improvement of cerebral blood reperfusion and brain functions suggesting that smooth muscle myosin inhibition may have promising potential in stroke therapies as a follow-up treatment of physical or chemical removal of the occluding thrombus.
Use of electronic medical records in development and validation of risk prediction models of hospital readmission: systematic review
Authors: Elham Mahmoudi, Neil Kamdar, Noa Kim, Gabriella Gonzales, Karandeep Singh, Akbar K Waljee
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Abstract Objective To provide focused evaluation of predictive modeling of electronic medical record (EMR) data to predict 30 day hospital readmission. Design Systematic review. Data source Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus from January 2015 to January 2019. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies All studies of predictive models for 28 day or 30 day hospital readmission that used EMR data. Outcome measures Characteristics of included studies, methods of prediction, predictive features, and performance of predictive models. Results Of 4442 citations reviewed, 41 studies met the inclusion criteria. Seventeen models predicted risk of readmission for all patients and 24 developed predictions for patient specific populations, with 13 of those being developed for patients with heart conditions. Except for two studies from the UK and Israel, all were from the US. The total sample size for each model ranged between 349 and 1 195 640. Twenty five models used a split sample validation technique. Seventeen of 41 studies reported C statistics of 0.75 or greater. Fifteen models used calibration techniques to further refine the model. Using EMR data enabled final predictive models to use a wide variety of clinical measures such as laboratory results and vital signs; however, use of socioeconomic features or functional status was rare. Using natural language processing, three models were able to extract relevant psychosocial features, which substantially improved their predictions. Twenty six studies used logistic or Cox regression models, and the rest used machine learning methods. No statistically significant difference (difference 0.03, 95% confidence interval −0.0 to 0.07) was found between average C statistics of models developed using regression methods (0.71, 0.68 to 0.73) and machine learning (0.74, 0.71 to 0.77). Conclusions On average, prediction models using EMR data have better predictive performance than those using administrative data. However, this improvement remains modest. Most of the studies examined lacked inclusion of socioeconomic features, failed to calibrate the models, neglected to conduct rigorous diagnostic testing, and did not discuss clinical impact.
M2-like, dermal macrophages are maintained via IL-4/CCL24–mediated cooperative interaction with eosinophils in cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Sang Hun Lee, Mariana M. Chaves, Olena Kamenyeva, Pedro H. Gazzinelli-Guimaraes, Byunghyun Kang, Gabriela Pessenda, Katiuska Passelli, Fabienne Tacchini-Cottier, Juraj Kabat, Elizabeth A. Jacobsen, Thomas B. Nutman, David L. Sacks
Journal: Science Immunology (2020)

Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) maintain tissue homeostasis, but they can also provide a replicative niche for intracellular pathogens such as Leishmania How dermal TRMs proliferate and maintain their M2 properties even in the strong TH1 environment of the L. major infected dermis is not clear. Here, we show that, in infected mice lacking IL-4/13 from eosinophils, dermal TRMs shifted to a proinflammatory state, their numbers declined, and disease was attenuated. Intravital microscopy revealed a rapid infiltration of eosinophils followed by their tight interaction with dermal TRMs. IL-4-stimulated dermal TRMs, in concert with IL-10, produced a large amount of CCL24, which functioned to amplify eosinophil influx and their interaction with dermal TRMs. An intraperitoneal helminth infection model also demonstrated a requirement for eosinophil-derived IL-4 to maintain tissue macrophages through a CCL24-mediated amplification loop. CCL24 secretion was confined to resident macrophages in other tissues, implicating eosinophil-TRM cooperative interactions in diverse inflammatory settings.
Prevalence of Cannabis Withdrawal Symptoms Among People With Regular or Dependent Use of Cannabinoids
Authors: Anees Bahji, Callum Stephenson, Richard Tyo, Emily R. Hawken, Dallas P. Seitz
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Cannabis withdrawal syndrome (CWS)—a diagnostic indicator of cannabis use disorder—commonly occurs on cessation of heavy and prolonged cannabis use. To date, the prevalence of CWS syndrome has not been well described, nor have the factors potentially associated with CWS. <h3>Objectives</h3> To estimate the prevalence of CWS among individuals with regular or dependent use of cannabinoids and identify factors associated with CWS. <h3>Data Sources</h3> A search of literature from database inception to June 19, 2019, was performed using MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, ProQuest, Allied and Complementary Medicine, and Psychiatry online, supplemented by manual searches of reference lists of included articles. <h3>Study Selection</h3> Articles were included if they (1) were published in English, (2) reported on individuals with regular use of cannabinoids or cannabis use disorder as a primary study group, (3) reported on the prevalence of CWS or CWS symptoms using a validated instrument, (4) reported the prevalence of CWS, and (5) used an observational study design (eg, cohort or cross-sectional). <h3>Data Extraction and Synthesis</h3> All abstracts, full-text articles, and other sources were reviewed, with data extracted in duplicate. Cannabis withdrawal syndrome prevalence was estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis model, alongside stratification and meta-regression to characterize heterogeneity. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Cannabis withdrawal syndrome prevalence was reported as a percentage with 95% CIs. <h3>Results</h3> Of 3848 unique abstracts, 86 were selected for full-text review, and 47 studies, representing 23 518 participants, met all inclusion criteria. Of 23 518 participants included in the analysis, 16 839 were white (72%) and 14 387 were men (69%); median (SD) age was 29.9 (9.0) years. The overall pooled prevalence of CWS was 47% (6469 of 23 518) (95% CI, 41%-52%), with significant heterogeneity between estimates (<i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 99.2%). When stratified by source, the prevalence of CWS was 17% (95% CI, 13%-21%) in population-based samples, 54% in outpatient samples (95% CI, 48%-59%), and 87% in inpatient samples (95% CI, 79%-94%), which were significantly different (<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Concurrent cannabis (β = 0.005,<i>P</i> &lt; .001), tobacco (β = 0.002,<i>P</i> = .02), and other substance use disorders (β = 0.003,<i>P</i> = .05) were associated with a higher CWS prevalence, as was daily cannabis use (β = 0.004,<i>P</i> &lt; .001). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> These findings suggest that cannabis withdrawal syndrome appears to be prevalent among regular users of cannabis. Clinicians should be aware of the prevalence of CWS in order to counsel patients and support individuals who are reducing their use of cannabis.
Abstract 10381: Soluble Pselectin Predicts Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Death but Not TIA/Stroke in Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis
Authors: Mohamad H Khattab, Muhammad A Arif, J. Roberto Martinez-Parachini, Andrea S Vincent, Faisal Latif, George L Dale, Angelia C Kirkpatrick
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: The incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) is three times higher than stroke in asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Carotid stenosis patients have a greater risk of MI than those without ...
Distinguishing Entities on the J Wave Spectrum
Authors: James W. Salazar, Nora Goldschlager
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

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VSMC-Specific Deletion of FAM3A Attenuated Ang II-Promoted Hypertension and Cardiovascular Hypertrophy
Authors: Rui Xiang, Ji Chen, Shuangyue Li, Han Yan, Yuhong Meng, Jun Cai, Qinghua Cui, Yan Yang, Ming Xu, Bin Geng, Jichun Yang
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)

Dysregulated purinergic signaling transduction plays important roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. However, the role and mechanism of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-released ATP in the regulation of blood pressure, and the pathogenesis of hypertension remain unknown. FAM3A (family with sequence similarity 3 member A) is a new mitochondrial protein that enhances ATP production and release. High expression of FAM3A in VSMC suggests it may play a role in regulating vascular constriction and blood pressure.To determine the role and mechanism of FAM3A-ATP signaling pathway in VSMCs in the regulation of blood pressure and the pathogenesis of hypertension.In the media layer of hypertensive rat and mouse arteries, and the internal mammary artery of hypertensive patients, FAM3A expression was increased. VSMC-specific deletion of FAM3A reduced vessel contractility and blood pressure levels in mice. Moreover, deletion of FAM3A in VSMC attenuated Ang II (angiotensin II)-induced vascular constriction and remodeling, hypertension, and cardiac hypertrophy in mice. In cultured VSMCs, Ang II activated HSF1 (heat shock factor 1) to stimulate FAM3A expression, activating ATP-P2 receptor pathway to promote the change of VSMCs from contractile phenotype to proliferative phenotype. In the VSMC layer of spontaneously hypertensive rat arteries, Ang II-induced hypertensive mouse arteries and the internal mammary artery of hypertensive patients, HSF1 expression was increased. Treatment with HSF1 inhibitor reduced artery contractility and ameliorated hypertension of spontaneously hypertensive rats.FAM3A is an important regulator of vascular constriction and blood pressure. Overactivation of HSF1-FAM3A-ATP signaling cascade in VSMCs plays important roles in Ang II-induced hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Inhibitors of HSF1 could be potentially used to treat hypertension.
Treating neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction in glycogen storage disease type Ib with an SGLT2 inhibitor
Authors: Saskia B. Wortmann, Johan L. K. Van Hove, Terry G. J. Derks, Nathalie Chevalier, Vijaya Knight, Andreas Koller, Esmee Oussoren, Johannes A. Mayr, Francjan J. van Spronsen, Florian B. Lagler, Sommer Gaughan, Emile Van Schaftingen, Maria Veiga-da-Cunha
Journal: Blood (2020)
Abstract 17505: Characteristics and Prognostic Impact of Muscle and Fat Mass in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Masaaki Konishi, Eiichi Akiyama, Matsuzawa Yasushi, Nobuhiko Maejima, Noriaki Iwahashi, Kiyoshi Hibi, Kazuo Kimura, Kouichi Tamura
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Cachexia and muscle wasting are known as poor prognostic factors in patients with heart failure (HF). However, most of evidences are derived from studies in HF with reduced left ventr...
Rationalization and the status of folk psychology
Authors: Adina L Roskies
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2020)

Abstract Cushman's theory has implications for the philosophical debate about the nature of folk psychological states, for it entails realism about propositional attitudes. I point out a tension within his view and suggest a different view upon which rationalization emerges as a consequence of the adaptiveness of mentalizing. This alternative avoids the strong metaphysical implications of Cushman's theory.