tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Smoke Alarm? Solid Fuel Use May Be a Risk Factor for Mortality and Disease
Authors: Wendee Nicole
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2019)

Globally, approximately 2.8 billion people are exposed to air pollution from household solid fuel use-that includes wood, coal, animal dung, and other solid materials. 1Families who use these fuels in indoor cookstoves and heating sources are exposed to large amounts of particulate matter, especially PM 2:5 , which is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes.A recent paper published in Environmental Health Perspectives comes from one of the first prospective cohort studies to examine solid fuel use as a risk factor for mortality and nonfatal health impacts, including cardiovascular events and respiratory disease. 2 Part of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study, 3 the researchers assessed outcomes for 91,350 adults between the ages of 35 and 70 from both urban and rural communities in Bangladesh, Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, India, Pakistan, Philippines, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe.Participants had completed a comprehensive health assessment upon enrollment in the study.For this analysis, the individuals were then followed for an average of about 9 years, with follow-up visits that documented the development of diseases over time.Billions of people worldwide use solid fuels for cooking.New prospective findings suggest that replacing solid fuels with cleaner alternatives may be an important strategy to reduce premature death and disease in less affluent countries.
A Balance Between Intermediate Filaments and Microtubules Maintains Nuclear Architecture in the Cardiomyocyte
Authors: Julie Heffler, Parisha P. Shah, Patrick Robison, Sai Phyo, Kimberly Veliz, Keita Uchida, Alexey Bogush, Joshua Rhoades, Rajan Jain, Benjamin L. Prosser
Journal: Circulation Research (2019)

Rationale: Mechanical forces are transduced to nuclear responses via the linkers of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, which couples the cytoskeleton to the nuclear lamina and associated chromatin. While disruption of the LINC complex can cause cardiomyopathy, the relevant interactions that bridge the nucleoskeleton to cytoskeleton are poorly understood in the cardiomyocyte, where cytoskeletal organization is unique. Furthermore, while microtubules and desmin intermediate filaments associate closely with cardiomyocyte nuclei, the importance of these interactions is unknown. Objective: Here, we sought to determine how cytoskeletal interactions with the LINC complex regulate nuclear homeostasis in the cardiomyocyte. Methods and Results: To this end, we acutely disrupted the LINC complex, microtubules, actin, and intermediate filaments and assessed the consequences on nuclear morphology and genome organization in rat ventricular cardiomyocytes via a combination of super-resolution imaging, biophysical, and genomic approaches. We find that a balance of dynamic microtubules and desmin intermediate filaments is required to maintain nuclear shape and the fidelity of the nuclear envelope and lamina. Upon depletion of desmin (or nesprin [nuclear envelope spectrin repeat protein]-3, its binding partner in the LINC complex), polymerizing microtubules collapse the nucleus and drive infolding of the nuclear membrane. This results in DNA damage, a loss of genome organization, and broad transcriptional changes. The collapse in nuclear integrity is concomitant with compromised contractile function and may contribute to the pathophysiological changes observed in desmin-related myopathies. Conclusions: Disrupting the tethering of desmin to the nucleus results in a loss of nuclear homeostasis and rapid alterations to cardiomyocyte function. Our data suggest that a balance of forces imposed by intermediate filaments and microtubules is required to maintain nuclear structure and genome organization in the cardiomyocyte.
ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline Endorsements and Adaptations
Authors: Manish A. Shah, Thomas K. Oliver, Douglas E. Peterson, Kaitlin Einhaus, Bryan J. Schneider, Neelima Denduluri, Mariana Chavez-MacGregor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

ASCO engages in the endorsement and adaptation of clinical practice guidelines to recognize the high-quality work of other guideline-developing organizations, to avoid duplication of effort, and to offer harmonized recommendations across guideline development groups. ASCO develops guidelines in accordance with the principles of the National Academy of Medicine and Council of Medical Specialty Societies. Guidelines developed in a similar manner by other organizations make endorsement by ASCO more likely. If allowed by the partnering organization, ASCO may consider an adaptation of a guideline, building on the original guideline with further inquiry or modifications. Organizations seeking ASCO endorsement consideration are provided with ASCO’s endorsement and adaptation procedures at the time of endorsement submission They can request either Endorsement or Endorsement or Adaptation. ASCO endorsement entails a formal review by an independent ASCO Expert Panel, and, if modifications to the recommendations are made, depending upon the original endorsement request, guidelines will be adapted or discontinued, rather than endorsed. The process begins with approval from ASCO’s Clinical Practice Guideline Committee (CPGC) leadership to proceed with endorsement development. An ASCO Expert Panel of approximately 10 multidisciplinary content experts, patient representatives, community oncologists, and relevant health providers is formed to develop an ASCO endorsement. ASCO’s Conflict of Interest Policy Implementation for Clinical Practice Guidelines and procedures apply to all ASCO expert panels. The CPGC reviews and approves all ASCO guideline products on behalf of ASCO. The endorsement process described in this report is designed to preserve a high-quality and resource-efficient approach for potential ASCO endorsement or adaptation of guidelines developed by other health professional organizations, while maintaining the objectivity, quality, and high standards reflective of ASCO’s guiding principles.
MUC13 promotes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression via EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathways
Authors: Pei Tiemin, Meng Fanzheng, Xiao Peng, Han Jihua, Song Ruipeng, Lan Yaliang, Wang Yan, Xue Junlin, Lang Qingfu, He Zhefeng, Li Jian, Guo Zihao, Liu Guoxing, Sun Boshi, Zhao Ming, Meng Qinghui, Liang Desen, Liu Lianxin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
Two challenges for a dual system approach to temporal cognition
Authors: Felipe De Brigard, Kevin O'Neill
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2019)

Abstract Hoerl &amp; McCormack (H&amp;M) propose a two-system account of temporal cognition. We suggest that, following other classic proposals where cognitive systems are putatively independent, H&amp;M's two-system hypothesis should, at a minimum, involve (1) a difference in the nature of the representations upon which each system operates, and (2) a difference in the computations they carry out. In this comment we offer two challenges aimed at showing that H&amp;M's proposal does not meet the minimal requirements (1) and (2).
First-in-human liver-tumour surgery guided by multispectral fluorescence imaging in the visible and near-infrared-I/II windows
Authors: Zhenhua Hu, Cheng Fang, Bo Li, Zeyu Zhang, Caiguang Cao, Meishan Cai, Song Su, Xingwang Sun, Xiaojing Shi, Cong Li, Tiejun Zhou, Yuanxue Zhang, Chongwei Chi, Pan He, Xianming Xia, Yue Chen, Sanjiv Sam Gambhir, Zhen Cheng, Jie Tian
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2019)
Gene therapy for severe combined immunodeficiencies and beyond
Authors: Alain Fischer, Salima Hacein-Bey-Abina
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2019)

Ex vivo retrovirally mediated gene therapy has been shown within the last 20 yr to correct the T cell immunodeficiency caused by γc-deficiency (SCID X1) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. The rationale was brought up by the observation of the revertant of SCIDX1 and ADA deficiency as a kind of natural gene therapy. Nevertheless, the first attempts of gene therapy for SCID X1 were associated with insertional mutagenesis causing leukemia, because the viral enhancer induced transactivation of oncogenes. Removal of this element and use of a promoter instead led to safer but still efficacious gene therapy. It was observed that a fully diversified T cell repertoire could be generated by a limited set (&amp;lt;1,000) of progenitor cells. Further advances in gene transfer technology, including the use of lentiviral vectors, has led to success in the treatment of Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome, while further applications are pending. Genome editing of the mutated gene may be envisaged as an alternative strategy to treat SCID diseases.
Ceftazidime Combined with a Short or Long Course of Amikacin for Empirical Therapy of Gram-Negative Bacteremia in Cancer Patients with Granulocytopenia
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

To determine whether combination antibiotic therapy including a short course of an aminoglycoside was as effective and less toxic than a conventional long course of the combination for the empirical therapy of gram-negative bacteremia in patients with cancer and granulocytopenia, we conducted a randomized multicenter trial comparing ceftazidime plus a short course (three days) of amikacin, ceftazidime plus a long course (nine days) of amikacin, and azlocillin plus a long course (nine days) of amikacin. Single-organism gram-negative bacteremia occurred in 129 of 872 evaluable patients. Without a change in antibiotics, the response rates were 81 percent with ceftazidime and long-course amikacin, 48 percent with ceftazidime and short-course amikacin (P = 0.002), and 40 percent with azlocillin and long-course amikacin (P<0.001). Among patients with fewer than 100 granulocytes per cubic millimeter throughout therapy, the response rates were 6 percent with ceftazidime and short-course amikacin and 50 percent with ceftazidime and long-course amikacin (P = 0.03). Linear logistic-regression analysis showed that therapy with ceftazidime and long-course amikacin was the most favorable prognostic factor of the response to infection, whereas the presence of leukemia or shock was the least favorable. We conclude that ceftazidime should be given in combination with a conventional full course of an aminoglycoside (amikacin) when used for the empirical treatment of gram-negative bacteremia in cancer patients with granulocytopenia (N Engl J Med 1987; 317:1692–8.)
Abstract 10717: An Association Between Multiple Sclerosis and Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Audrey Uy-Evanado, Kyndaron Reinier, Carmen Rusinaru, Eric C Stecker, Harpriya Chugh, Gregory A Nichols, Karen Gunson, Jonathan Jui, Sumeet S Chugh
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) has a prevalence of 90/100,000 (0.09%) in the US general population. Patients often have major impairments of the autonomic nervous system with potential mecha...
Successful endoscopic full-thickness resection of intramucosal cancer with Aurora rings arising in a diverticulum
Authors: Victoria A. Jimenez-Garcia, Rafael Romero-Castro, Masayoshi Yamada, Juan Segura-Sanchez, Javier Alcazar-Guijo, Helmut Neumann
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

The diagnosis and treatment of polypoid lesions located in diverticula is challenging. Aurora rings – concentric rings around a polypoid lesion [1] – may indicate an origin in a diverticulum, and accordingly dedicated endoscopic treatment should be planned. Intradiverticular lesions can be treated by several endoscopic approaches [2] [3] [4] [5]. We report the case of a polypoid lesion originating in a diverticulum with the Aurora rings sign and intramucosal cancer which was successfully resected using an endoscopic full-thickness resection device (FTRD, Ovesco, Tübingen, Germany).
Regulation of IRAK2 gene and innate immune response to tumor cells
Authors: Igor A. Kuzmin, Laura Geil, Dmitry Loukinov, Victor Lobanenkov, Michael I. Lerman
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

6035  It was recently suggested that gastric cancer could originate from bone marrow-derived cells (Houghton et al., 2004). Another group demonstrated that diminished expression of Interleukin 1 Receptor-Associated Kinase 1 (IRAK1), a key protein facilitating immune response, is common in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with gastric cancer (Siedlar et al., 2004). Therefore, down-regulation of IRAK1 antagonists can be beneficial for treatment of gastric cancer. Here we investigated transcriptional regulation of IRAK2 gene, which counteracts the effects of IRAK1 on the Interleukin 1 Receptor signaling pathway (Ruckdeschel et al., 2002). Analysis of the IRAK2 promoter region reveals putative binding sites for several transcriptional factors, including ZIP (EGR1 and SP1), CTCF and AP-2beta. Deletion of the ZIP or AP-2 sites did not significantly affect IRAK2 promoter activity in mononuclear cells, in Jurkat T cells, in lung and kidney cells. In contrast, we found that CTCF plays a major role in IRAK2 transcription. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay of the DNA fragments containing the IRAK2 CpG island, revealed a single high affinity-binding site for the transcriptional regulator and a chromatin insulator protein, CTCF. We also identified CTCF binding site within the mouse Irak2 promoter. The presence of the CTCF protein in human IRAK2 promoter was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Specific residues, which interacted with the CTCF protein, were identified by methylation interference assay. In all analyzed cell lines, including cells of lung, renal, monocytic and T-cell origin; the IRAK2 luciferase reporter construct, containing an intact CTCF binding site, showed strong promoter activity. However, IRAK2 promoter activity was dramatically decreased for the constructs with a mutated CTCF binding site. Funded in part by NO1-CO-12400 and NO1-CO-56000.
Bridging the Gap Between Where the Quality Metric Ends and Real Life Begins—A Trusting Relationship
Authors: Jennifer E. DeVoe
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
RNA Sequencing of Hodgkin Lymphoma Reed-Sternberg Cells Uncovers a Plasma Cell Signature and Escape from NK Cell Recognition
Authors: Ethel Cesarman, Mikhail Roshal, Jonathan Reichel, Wagner Florian, Bhavneet Binder, Sakellarios Zairis, Jouliana Sadek, Joshua Brody, Raul Rabadan, Sandeep Dave
Journal: Blood (2019)
Asthma and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Overlap: What Has the Evidence Taught Us?
Authors: Bharati Prasad, Sharmilee M. Nyenhuis, Ikuyo Imayama, Aminaa Siddiqi, Mihaela Teodorescu
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2019)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<Asthma as a Risk Factor f...Effects of OSA on Express...Conclusions and Clinical ...Future DirectionsReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Gender differences in how scientists present the importance of their research: observational study
Authors: Marc J Lerchenmueller, Olav Sorenson, Anupam B Jena
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Abstract Objectives Women remain underrepresented on faculties of medicine and the life sciences more broadly. Whether gender differences in self presentation of clinical research exist and may contribute to this gender gap has been challenging to explore empirically. The objective of this study was to analyze whether men and women differ in how positively they frame their research findings and to analyze whether the positive framing of research is associated with higher downstream citations. Design Retrospective observational study. Data sources Titles and abstracts from 101 720 clinical research articles and approximately 6.2 million general life science articles indexed in PubMed and published between 2002 and 2017. Main outcome measures Analysis of article titles and abstracts to determine whether men and women differ in how positively they present their research through use of terms such as “novel” or “excellent.” For a set of 25 positive terms, we estimated the relative probability of positive framing as a function of the gender composition of the first and last authors, adjusting for scientific journal, year of publication, journal impact, and scientific field. Results Articles in which both the first and last author were women used at least one of the 25 positive terms in 10.9% of titles or abstracts versus 12.2% for articles involving a male first or last author, corresponding to a 12.3% relative difference (95% CI 5.7% to 18.9%). Gender differences in positive presentation were greatest in high impact clinical journals (impact factor &gt;10), in which women were 21.4% less likely to present research positively. Across all clinical journals, positive presentation was associated with 9.4% (6.6% to 12.2%) higher subsequent citations, and in high impact clinical journals 13.0% (9.5% to 16.5%) higher citations. Results were similar when broadened to general life science articles published in journals indexed by PubMed, suggesting that gender differences in positive word use generalize to broader samples. Conclusions Clinical articles involving a male first or last author were more likely to present research findings positively in titles and abstracts compared with articles in which both the first and last author were women, particularly in the highest impact journals. Positive presentation of research findings was associated with higher downstream citations.
Cardiovascular Events Among Adults Treated With Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cells (CAR-T)
Authors: Raza M. Alvi, Matthew J. Frigault, Michael G. Fradley, Michael D. Jain, Syed S. Mahmood, Magid Awadalla, Dae Hyun Lee, Daniel A. Zlotoff, Lili Zhang, Zsofia D. Drobni, Malek Z.O. Hassan, Emmanuel Bassily, Isaac Rhea, Roohi Ismail-Khan, Connor P. Mulligan, Dahlia Banerji, Aleksandr Lazaryan, Bijal D. Shah, Adam Rokicki, Noopur Raje, Julio C. Chavez, Jeremy Abramson, Frederick L. Locke, Tomas G. Neilan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)

Chimeric antigen receptors redirect T cells (CAR-T) to target cancer cells. There are limited data characterizing cardiac toxicity and cardiovascular (CV) events among adults treated with CAR-T. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible cardiac toxicities of CAR-T. The registry included 137 patients who received CAR-T. Covariates included the occurrence and grade of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and the administration of tocilizumab for CRS. Cardiac toxicity was defined as a decrease in the left ventricular ejection fraction or an increase in serum troponin. Cardiovascular events were a composite of arrhythmias, decompensated heart failure, and CV death. The median age was 62 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 54 to 70 years), 67% were male, 88% had lymphoma, and 8% had myeloma. Approximately 50% were treated with commercial CAR-T (Yescarta or Kymriah), and the remainder received noncommercial products. CRS, occurring a median of 5 days (IQR: 2 to 7 days) after CAR-T, occurred in 59%, and 39% were grade ≥2. Tocilizumab was administered to 56 patients (41%) with CRS, at a median of 27 h (IQR: 16 to 48 h) after onset. An elevated troponin occurred in 29 of 53 tested patients (54%), and a decreased left ventricular ejection fraction in 8 of 29 (28%); each occurred only in patients with grade ≥2 CRS. There were 17 CV events (12%, 6 CV deaths, 6 decompensated heart failure, and 5 arrhythmias; median time to event of 21 days), all occurred with grade ≥2 CRS (31% patients with grade ≥2 CRS), and 95% of events occurred after an elevated troponin. The duration between CRS onset and tocilizumab administration was associated with CV events, where the risk increased 1.7-fold with each 12-h delay to tocilizumab. Among adults, cardiac injury and CV events are common post–CAR-T. There was a graded relationship among CRS, elevated troponin, and CV events, and a shorter time from CRS onset to tocilizumab was associated with a lower rate of CV events.
Dopaminergic and Prefrontal Basis of Learning from Sensory Confidence and Reward Value
Authors: Armin Lak, Michael Okun, Morgane M. Moss, Harsha Gurnani, Karolina Farrell, Miles J. Wells, Charu Bai Reddy, Adam Kepecs, Kenneth D. Harris, Matteo Carandini
Journal: Neuron (2019)

Deciding between stimuli requires combining their learned value with one's sensory confidence. We trained mice in a visual task that probes this combination. Mouse choices reflected not only present confidence and past rewards but also past confidence. Their behavior conformed to a model that combines signal detection with reinforcement learning. In the model, the predicted value of the chosen option is the product of sensory confidence and learned value. We found precise correlates of this variable in the pre-outcome activity of midbrain dopamine neurons and of medial prefrontal cortical neurons. However, only the latter played a causal role: inactivating medial prefrontal cortex before outcome strengthened learning from the outcome. Dopamine neurons played a causal role only after outcome, when they encoded reward prediction errors graded by confidence, influencing subsequent choices. These results reveal neural signals that combine reward value with sensory confidence and guide subsequent learning.
Thymus Regeneration Is Dependent on Distinct Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Populations
Authors: Karin Gustafsson, Nikolas Barkas, Ninib Baryawno, Elizabeth W Scadden, Nicolas Severe, Joel A Spencer, Hayalneh Gessessew, Kameron Kooshesh, Jimin Guo, Charles Lin, Peter Kharchenko, David T. Scadden
Journal: Blood (2019)
A brief history of periodontics in the United States of America: Pioneers and thought‐leaders of the past, and current challenges
Authors: Gary C. Armitage
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2019)

Abstract This paper summarizes historical events in periodontology in the United States over the past 200 years. The contributions of some of the key thought‐leaders of the past are highlighted. Throughout the 20th century, the evolution of thought, leading to the views currently held regarding the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontal diseases, was significantly influenced by: (1) major changes in health‐care education; (2) the emergence of periodontics as a specialty of dentistry; (3) the publication of peer‐reviewed journals with an emphasis on periodontology; (4) formation of the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); and (5) expansion of periodontal research programs by the NIDCR. The two major future challenges facing periodontal research are development of a better understanding of the ecological complexities of host‐microbial interactions in periodontal health and disease, and identification of the relevant mechanisms involved in the predictable regeneration of damaged periodontal tissues.