tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Organizing the voice questionnaire for transgender persons
Authors: Charlotte Bultynck, Charlotte Pas, Justine Defreyne, Marjan Cosyns, Guy T’Sjoen
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2019)

Background: The validated Transsexual Voice Questionnaire Male to Female (TVQMtF) and the adapted TVQ Female to Male (FtM) (TVQFtM) are both 30-item-long questionnaires used to evaluate self-perception of voice in transgender persons. They are part of a series of questionnaires completed by transgender persons during follow-up of cross-sex hormone therapy (CSHT).Aim: The aim of this study was to examine if these questionnaires can be organized.Methods: The TVQMtF or the TVQFtM was filled out at the start of CSHT, by 145 trans women and 83 trans men. Data were analyzed by factor analyses on both the questionnaires.Results: The factor analyses resulted in a three-factor solution for both the TVQMtF and the TVQFtM. The three factors were labeled as anxiety and avoidance, vocal identity, and vocal function.Conclusion: Both the questionnaires can be organized into three factors. This could contribute to making shorter versions of the questionnaires. Shorter versions would be useful to hormone prescribing physicians to track down more quickly voice problems in trans people undergoing virilizing or feminizing hormone treatment.
Hot topics for interviews
Authors: Anna Sayburn
Journal: BMJ (2018)

An overview of some topical healthcare stories and related questions to consider when preparing for your interview ### What you need to know In April 2017, the United Kingdom’s High Court of Justice Family Division ruled in favour of an application by Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, to withdraw artificial ventilation from an 8 month old child, Charlie Gard, and provide him with palliative care. The case went to court because Charlie’s parents and the medical team treating him at GOSH were unable to agree on the best course of action.
Students teaching students
Authors: Robert Hart
Journal: BMJ (2011)

It is said that we learn 90% of what we teach compared with 10% of what we read.

As a student, I had teaching from junior doctors, which I found helpful. Towards the end of my medical degree, I realised that I would soon be the junior doctor expected to teach others. Feeling unprepared, I approached medical school staff and asked for some experience in teaching, and subsequently took part in an optional module on peer assisted learning (PAL), which is where students learn a subject and then teach it to a …
Coca-Cola contracts could allow it to “quash” unfavourable research findings
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Coca-Cola might be able to suppress unfavourable findings from health research it funds at public universities in the United States and Canada, a new study has found.1

Researchers studied over 87 000 documents obtained through freedom of information requests and found several clauses that allow the drinks giant to terminate research projects without reason and walk away with the data.

Coca-Cola funds research in the fields of nutrition, physical inactivity, and energy balance. It publishes a list of the funding it has allocated from 2010 to the present on its transparency website.2

The research team, from the University of Cambridge, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the University of Bocconi, and non-profit group US …
Abstract IA24: Targeting DNA repair dysfunction in advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Karen E. Knudsen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa) is the 2nd leading cause of cancer death in US men. Organ-confined PCa can be effectively managed, but there is no durable treatment for advanced disease. Advanced PCa is treated through androgen deprivation therapy, often coupled with direct AR antagonists, as PCa is exquisitely dependent on androgen receptor (AR) activity for survival. Furthermore, recent studies identified AR as a major effector of DNA repair, manifest through the ability of the receptor to regulate DNAPK expression and activity. While AR-directed therapeutics effectively suppress the proproliferative, prosurvival, and pro-DNA repair functions of AR and result in tumor remission, relapse is common. Recurrent disease arises largely due to resurgent AR activity with 2-3 years, and there is no cure for this castration-resistant phase (CRPC, castration-resistant PCa). Thus, there is a significant need to develop new means for targeting recurrent AR activity or develop adjuvant therapies in advanced PCa. Emerging data from our laboratory and others strongly support the concept that alterations in DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways are more common than previously thought in sporadic PCa, and that alterations in these pathways may accord new, more effective means of therapeutic intervention. New studies to be discussed will address underlying mechanisms of action with regard to the pathway, and identify clinically actionable ramifications of DNA repair dysfunction. Major concepts to be considered include new discoveries regarding PARP1 function and activity in lethal disease, and that a newly identified gene signature of PARP1-regulated networks is associated with poor outcome. Further, mechanistic investigation revealed new insight into the means by which PARP1 inhibitors likely function as single agents in advanced prostate cancer, manifest through both DNA repair and transcriptional regulatory functions. Other major concepts to be considered include the differential roles of DNAPK in controlling PCa progression. Findings to be discussed strongly support a model wherein selected DDR pathways can be developed as therapeutic targets to tailor treatment for prostate cancer and improve outcome for advanced disease. Citation Format: Karen E. Knudsen. Targeting DNA repair dysfunction in advanced prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR International Conference held in cooperation with the Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG) on Translational Cancer Medicine; May 4-6, 2017; São Paulo, Brazil. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(1_Suppl):Abstract nr IA24.
Abstract 1604: Dietary energy balance modulates multistage epithelial carcinogenesis in mouse skin
Authors: Tricia Moore, Steve Carbajal, Anna Jiang, Linda Beltran, Stephen Hursting, John DiGiovanni
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Dietary energy balance refers to the balance between caloric intake and energy expenditure. Findings from both epidemiological and experimental studies suggest chronic positive energy balance, which can lead to obesity, heightens the risk of developing multiple cancers, while a negative energy balance state, as induced by calorie restriction (CR), decreases these risks. In the present study, we used the two-stage skin carcinogenesis model to examine the effect of dietary energy balance manipulation on both the promotion and progression stages of skin tumorigenesis. Groups of female ICR mice (n=30) were initiated with 25 nmol DMBA and then placed on one of four dietary treatment regimens: 30% CR, 15% CR, 10Kcal% fat (control), or 60Kcal% fat [diet-induced obesity (DIO) diet]. Following four weeks on diet, mice were then promoted with either acetone or 6.8 nmol TPA twice-weekly for the duration of the study. Chronic CR (30% CR) led to a statistically significant inhibition of papilloma formation in the TPA treated group compared to the other TPA treated diet groups. In contrast, while there was a slightly higher number of papillomas per mouse in the DIO diet group treated with TPA, this was not statistically different from the control and 15% CR groups treated with TPA. This experiment is currently being carried to carcinoma development to determine the impact of dietary energy balance manipulation on the conversion of papillomas to carcinomas in this model of epithelial multistage carcinogenesis. Mechanistic studies have been performed to examine the impact of dietary energy balance manipulation on epidermal cell signaling pathways related to TPA-mediated skin tumor promotion. In this regard, CR reduced whereas DIO increased activation of both epidermal Akt and mTOR (assessed by Western blot analysis of phosphorylated proteins) both in the absence and presence of TPA. Furthermore, activation of both the EGFr and IGF-1R was modulated in a similar manner by the different diets. These results suggest that dietary energy balance may modulate tumor promotion in part through modulation of critical signaling pathways downstream of cell surface receptors such as the EGFr and IGF-1R.
Givin’ a little bit more
Authors: Neil Chanchlani
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Welcome to the Christmas issue of the Student BMJ. Much akin to the Christmas issue of our “parental” journal, BMJ , we bring you an issue packed with funny and quirky pictures and findings from around the globe. Whether it be the patient with Manchester United-induced Addisonian crisis (doi:10.1136/bmj.d7732) or the birth of new sweets, Jellyatrics (doi:10.1136/bmj.d7447), the BMJ strives to bring you the bizarre scientific stories that have occurred over the year. If you’ve never seen a happy heart (doi:10.1136/bmj.d7462) or a Christmas star shaped renal …
An older man who has fallen
Authors: Kathryn Ford,, Samuel Tonkin, David Swain, Harpal Uppal
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Mr X, an 85 year old man, was an inpatient recovering well from community acquired pneumonia. While on the ward in hospital, he tripped and fell.

On primary survey he maintained his own airway. He was saturated at 98% on air with a respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute, and he had good vesicular air entry bilaterally. His blood pressure was 136/76 mmHg with a regular pulse of 76 beats per minute, and he was peripherally warm and well perfused (capillary refill time <2 seconds). He was alert and orientated, with a Glasgow coma score of 15/15. Results of neurological examination were normal, but movement of his left leg was restricted by pain, and he was unable to demonstrate a straight leg raise or weight bear.⇓



Pelvic radiograph of Mr X



(1) Describe the abnormality seen in the figure. What might you expect to find on examination of Mr X?

(2) What should you ask when taking a history from Mr X?

(3) What immediate management should you initiate?

(4) What are the surgical management options?

(5) How are these patients managed postoperatively?

(1) This is a plain anteroposterior x ray film of Mr X’s pelvis. It …
Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Patient With Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus
Authors: Lauren M. Sadowsky, Bethanee J. Schlosser
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
How good do your GCSE grades need to be to study medicine?
Authors: Alison Walker
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Your exam grades, both actual and predicted, are an important part of getting an interview for medicine. Selecting your GCSE options wisely in year 10 can make a difference to which medical schools you can apply three years on. All medical school websites state their A level entry requirements, or equivalent for Scottish highers and the International Baccalaureate. Grades required at A level are generally AAA, or A*AA. But how much do GCSE grades count towards getting an offer? Do you really need As or A*s in everything, and does it matter if you score badly in certain subjects?

It may surprise you to see that the websites of many medical schools show lower minimum grades than you might expect. Bs and even Cs are minimum requirements for some—although with caveats around science subjects. Yet how can that be, as so many applicants have A* grades?

Newcastle medical school does not in fact stipulate any GCSE grades. When I spoke to an officer at the student services she pointed out that schools generally do an excellent job of sifting out the good candidates for them and only put forward applicants for medicine with good GCSE grades. She explained that schools tend to specify early on the GCSE result …
Christopher Aubin Booth
Authors: Anne-Marie Marlow
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Christopher Aubin Booth (“Chris”) spent his early years in Surrey or Worthing. He attended Douai School, where he developed a love of cricket as well as a sharp intellect, and he became fascinated and stimulated by science. This, combined with his natural empathy for others, drew him towards a career in Medicine. He enrolled at the Middlesex Hospital Medical School in October 1955, where he threw himself into student life and, in addition to his studies, he satisfied his love of music and fun by organising concerts. These included a variety concert for cancer charities at the Scala Theatre in Charlotte Street, for which he managed to acquire the services of Jonathan Miller, Cyril Fletcher, and Tommy Cooper, among others. He also skippered the team that won the hospital cup for sailing and was elected president of the Junior Common Room Society in his final year.

He qualified in 1961, and house jobs followed at the Middlesex and at Norfolk and Norwich hospitals, where he met his future bride, Sheila, who was nursing there. He also …
Racial Disparities in Low-Risk Prostate Cancer
Authors: Behfar Ehdaie, Sigrid Carlsson, Andrew Vickers
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Buprenorphine Treatment Divide by Race/Ethnicity and Payment
Authors: Pooja A. Lagisetty, Ryan Ross, Amy Bohnert, Michael Clay, Donovan T. Maust
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2019)

Buprenorphine Treatment Divide by Race/Ethnicity and PaymentOpioid mortality rates continue to increase throughout the United States 1 ; however, growth in buprenorphine hydrochloride treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) might be limited to communities with higher income and low percentages of racial/ethnic minorities. 2 Buprenorphine, a partial opioid agonist, is 1 of 3 evidence-based medications for treating OUD and can legally be prescribed in office-based settings.To our knowledge, no national studies have examined the differences in the receipt of buprenorphine prescription by race/ethnicity and payment in office-based settings, in which most patients with buprenorphine prescription receive care. 3 In this article, we present changes in buprenorphine treatment at office-based visits in the United States since 2004 as well as the race/ethnicity and payment characteristics currently associated with its receipt.
Students make my job difficult, yet more satisfying
Authors: Andrew Wright
Journal: BMJ (2012)

It was my second month as a foundation year 1 doctor on a respiratory ward, and I was starting to feel as though I was getting to grips with the job. I had established a good routine of updating the list, chasing the bloods, and summarising the patients before the ward round. I was even making time for a coffee break with the other junior doctors.

So my heart sank one Monday morning when I entered the doctors’ office to find three medical students lurking there—all with notepads at the ready. I hoped that …
Abstract P3-06-19: MUC17 and PCNX1 as mediators of chemotherapy response in breast cancer
Authors: W Al Amri, E Verghese, L Stead, A Hanby, N Sharma, T Hughes
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and accumulating evidence suggests that treatment failure may be driven by intra-tumour heterogeneity (ITH). Utilising the current protocol for neoadjuvant (pre-surgery) chemotherapy (NAC) provides the opportunity to study molecular genetic changes between pre- and post-therapy by assessing pre-therapy biopsies and post-therapy surgical resections. Whole exome sequencing was performed on matched pre- and post-treatment cancer cells from 6 patients with oestrogen receptor positive breast cancers that showed partial responses to the chemotherapeutic epirubicin. Data analysis was performed to determine differences in genetic aberrations between pre- and post-NAC, and in particular to identify evidence of consistent selection by therapy of aberrations that therefore may define chemotherapy resistance or sensitivity. There were extensive differences in the range of genetic aberrations between pre- and post-NAC. 48 genes were identified for further study based on evidence of mutations conferring a selective advantage or disadvantage during chemotherapeutic response. The relevance of these was screened using siRNA knock-down and assessment of response to chemotherapeutic drug using cell viability assays in vitro. Two genes were taken forward. Potential loss-of-function mutations in the MUC17 gene were selected against during therapy in patients, and in accordance with this MUC17 knock-down was associated with increased sensitivity in vitro. Potential loss-of-function mutations in the PCNX1 gene were selected for during therapy in patients, and in accordance with this PCNX1 knock-down was associated with resistance. Further work was done to investigate mechanisms by which these genes modify cellular chemotherapy response, by examining drug loading and ABC transporter expression levels. Data indicate that both genes impact on drug loading, potentially through modulating ABC transporter activities. Using available transcriptomic datasets, expression of neither gene correlated with breast cancer outcomes in mixed cohorts that received a wide-range of therapies, however, analysis of correlations between protein expression and outcomes specifically after chemotherapy are on-going. We conclude that MUC17 and PCNX1 are potential markers of response to chemotherapy in breast cancer, and therapeutic modulation of their activities could enhance chemotherapy responses. Citation Format: Al Amri W, Verghese E, Stead L, Hanby A, Sharma N, Hughes T. MUC17 and PCNX1 as mediators of chemotherapy response in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-06-19.
Abstract P4-10-15: Obesity influences the character of the breast cancer in postmenopausal women in Japan
Authors: M Suzuki, H Takei
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background: We know Estrogen Receptor (ER) positive and/or Progesterone Receptor (PgR) positive tumors tend to develop more frequently in obese individuals in postmenopausal women. However, the average body size of a Japanese woman is relatively smaller than that of a Caucasian woman. There are few reports about the influence of the obesity to the character of the Japanese breast cancer women and the tendency is not clear. The aim of this study is to clarify whether the tendency is the same even in Japanese breast cancer women. Furthermore, we investigate whether HER2 expression (HER2) and Ki-67 index (Ki-67) have some relations with the height (HT), the weight (WT) and the body mass index (BMI) in Japanese breast cancer women. Methods: HT and WT of 279 Japanese women with breast cancer in Kitamurayama hospital were evaluated. The mean HT and WT of them are 153.6cm and 54.9kg. Subsequently, the women's BMI (WT/(HT)2) was calculated. The mean BMI was 23.3. The ER and PgR were stained for immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. Regardless of the intensity, stained cases were defined as positive. HER2 was divided into HER2 negative (IHC score 0, +1 and/or FISH negative) or positive (IHC score +3 and/or FISH positive). Ki-67 was determined by staining with MIB-1 antibody, and the cutoff value was decided on 20%, and divided into two groups of more than 20% (Higher) and less than 20% (Lower). Then, we examined the relationship of HT, WT and BMI with ER, PgR, HER2 and Ki-67 in postmenopausal and premenopausal women. Result: In postmenopausal women, WT and BMI were significantly higher in ER positive (p=0.0230, p=0.0129). WT and BMI were also significantly higher in PgR positive (p=0.0049, p=0.0294,). There was no significant difference between HER2 positive and Her2 negative, and between Ki-67 Higher and Ki-67 Lower either. In premenopausal women, no significant association was observed in all items. Conclusion: In postmenopausal women, HT did not have the significant difference between ER (and PgR) positive and ER (and PgR) negative. However, ER (and PgR) positive were significantly higher in WT and BMI. It was thought that the obesity influences the character of the breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Compared to less obese postmenopausal Japanese women with breast cancer, more obese postmenopausal Japanese women have a propensity for developing hormone sensitive tumors. Citation Format: Suzuki M, Takei H. Obesity influences the character of the breast cancer in postmenopausal women in Japan [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-10-15.
Abstract P2-01-10: Withdrawn
Authors: MK Hasan, GF Widhopf II, S Zhang, Z Shen, SP Briggs, TJ Kipps
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract This abstract was withdrawn by the authors. Citation Format: Hasan MK, Widhopf II GF, Zhang S, Shen Z, Briggs SP, Kipps TJ. Withdrawn [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-01-10.