tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of novel flavonoid derivatives and evaluation of their anti-cancer activities
Authors: Chavonda Mills, Nelly Mateeva, Kinfe Redda
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

1132  There has been great interest in the biological roles of naturally occurring flavonoid compounds. Previous studies have shown that flavonoids possess a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-oxidant, anti-viral, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. More specifically, studies have demonstrated that flavonoids inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 activity (COX-2). It is known that COX-2 catalyzed synthesis of prostaglandin-E2 plays a key role in inflammation and its associated diseases, such as cancer. Therefore, the evaluation of novel flavonoid derivatives as anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents is of great interest. Synthetic, biochemical, and theoretical studies on flavonoids show inhibitory activities based on trends involving the substitution pattern, charge distribution and sterical characteristics. For these reasons, several flavonoid derivatives with various substituents were designed. It is believed that the introduction of alkyl substituents on ring “A” would likely enhance biological activities by increasing the lipophilicity of flavones. In addition, the presence of several hydroxyl groups would likely enhance binding and biological activities of flavones. In the present study, a series of novel 8-alkylated flavonoids and related compounds were synthesized and characterized by using NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. The anti-cancer effects of these target compounds were tested on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Biological evaluations of the novel flavonoid derivatives show that anti-cancer activity increased with increased compound lipophilicity and the presence of free hydroxyl groups. The research work was supported by a grant from the MBRS/NIGMS/NIH Program, GM 08111 and the RCMI/NCRR/NIH Program, RR 03020.
Subtype-specific gout susceptibility loci and enrichment of selection pressure on <i>ABCG2</i> and <i>ALDH2</i> identified by subtype genome-wide meta-analyses of clinically defined gout patients
Authors: Akiyoshi Nakayama, Masahiro Nakatochi, Yusuke Kawamura, Ken Yamamoto, Hirofumi Nakaoka, Seiko Shimizu, Toshihide Higashino, Teruhide Koyama, Asahi Hishida, Kiyonori Kuriki, Miki Watanabe, Toru Shimizu, Keiko Ooyama, Hiroshi Ooyama, Mitsuo Nagase, Yuji Hidaka, Daisuke Matsui, Takashi Tamura, Takeshi Nishiyama, Chisato Shimanoe, Sakurako Katsuura-Kamano, Naoyuki Takashima, Yuya Shirai, Makoto Kawaguchi, Mikiya Takao, Ryo Sugiyama, Yuzo Takada, Takahiro Nakamura, Hiroshi Nakashima, Masashi Tsunoda, Inaho Danjoh, Atsushi Hozawa, Kazuyoshi Hosomichi, Yu Toyoda, Yu Kubota, Tappei Takada, Hiroshi Suzuki, Blanka Stiburkova, Tanya J. Major, Tony R. Merriman, Nagato Kuriyama, Haruo Mikami, Toshiro Takezaki, Keitaro Matsuo, Sadao Suzuki, Tatsuo Hosoya, Yoichiro Kamatani, Michiaki Kubo, Kimiyoshi Ichida, Kenji Wakai, Ituro Inoue, Yukinori Okada, Nariyoshi Shinomiya, Hirotaka Matsuo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Genome-wide meta-analyses of clinically defined gout were performed to identify subtype-specific susceptibility loci. Evaluation using selection pressure analysis with these loci was also conducted to investigate genetic risks characteristic of the Japanese population over the last 2000-3000 years.Two genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of 3053 clinically defined gout cases and 4554 controls from Japanese males were performed using the Japonica Array and Illumina Array platforms. About 7.2 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms were meta-analysed after imputation. Patients were then divided into four clinical subtypes (the renal underexcretion type, renal overload type, combined type and normal type), and meta-analyses were conducted in the same manner. Selection pressure analyses using singleton density score were also performed on each subtype.In addition to the eight loci we reported previously, two novel loci, PIBF1 and ACSM2B, were identified at a genome-wide significance level (p<5.0×10-8) from a GWAS meta-analysis of all gout patients, and other two novel intergenic loci, CD2-PTGFRN and SLC28A3-NTRK2, from normal type gout patients. Subtype-dependent patterns of Manhattan plots were observed with subtype GWASs of gout patients, indicating that these subtype-specific loci suggest differences in pathophysiology along patients' gout subtypes. Selection pressure analysis revealed significant enrichment of selection pressure on ABCG2 in addition to ALDH2 loci for all subtypes except for normal type gout.Our findings on subtype GWAS meta-analyses and selection pressure analysis of gout will assist elucidation of the subtype-dependent molecular targets and evolutionary involvement among genotype, phenotype and subtype-specific tailor-made medicine/prevention of gout and hyperuricaemia.
A Polarizing Case of Elevated Liver Enzymes
Authors: Brian C. Davis, Bryce S. Hartfield, Melissa Contos, Michael O. Idowu, R. Todd Stravitz
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

Davis, Brian C.; Hartfield, Bryce S.; Contos, Melissa; Idowu, Michael O.; Stravitz, R. Todd Author Information
Antiretroviral Therapy and Viral Suppression Among Active Duty Service Members with Incident HIV Infection — United States, January 2012–June 2018
Authors: Shauna Stahlman, Shilpa Hakre, Paul T. Scott, Brian K. Agan, Donald Shell, Todd Gleeson, Jason M. Blaylock, Jason F. Okulicz
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

The Department of Defense model of human immunodeficiency virus care demonstrates that the goals of high antiretroviral therapy uptake and viral suppression can be achieved and maintained in a large health care system.
Association of Personality and Thinking Style With Effective Surgical Coaching
Authors: Kara A. Vande Walle, Sudha R. Pavuluri Quamme, Glen E. Leverson, Tedi Engler, Janet C. Dombrowski, Douglas A. Wiegmann, Justin B. Dimick, Caprice C. Greenberg
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

While interest in surgical coaching programs is rising, there is no objective method for selecting effective surgical coaches.To identify a quantitative measure to determine who will be an effective surgical coach.This prospective cohort study included coaches and coachees from 2 statewide peer surgical coaching programs: the Wisconsin Surgical Coaching Program and the Michigan Bariatric Surgical Collaborative coaching program. Data were collected from April 2014 to February 2018, and analysis began August 2018.The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator was administered to coaches and coachees, and the Life Styles Inventory was administered to surgical coaches before their first coaching session.Coach performance in the first coaching session and all coaching sessions using the Wisconsin Surgical Coaching Rubric.Twenty-three surgical coaches and 38 coachees combined for a total of 65 unique pairs and 106 coaching sessions. Overall, 22 of 23 coaches (96%) and 32 of 38 coachees (84%) were men. An increase in a coach's Life Styles Inventory constructive style score correlated with an increase in overall coach performance for the first coaching session (r = 0.70; P = .002). Similarity in the coaching pair's Myers-Briggs Type Indicator judging/perceiving dichotomy was also associated with an increase in overall coach performance for their first coaching session (β = 0.38; P = .02). When all sessions were included in the analysis, these objective measures were no longer associated with coach performance.Surgeons of all personalities and thinking styles can become an effective coach with appropriate training and experience. Coach training can be tailored to support diverse behavioral styles and preferences to maximize coach effectiveness.
Abstract 12712: Optical Coherence Tomography Identifies Coronary Artery Abnormalities in Children
Authors: Kevin C Harris, Anas Manouzi, Anthony Fung, Astrid De Souza, James E Potts, Martin C Hosking
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a high-resolution intravascular imaging technique (resolution ~ 10 microns) used in adults. Presently the evaluation of coronary pathology in chi...
Effective Radiation Doses for Lung Cancer Screening Scans—Reply
Authors: Joshua Demb, Rebecca Smith-Bindman
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Edward Williams Hughes
Authors: David Levine, David Gibbons, Michael Winterton
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Edward Williams Hughes, known as Eddie to all his medical colleagues, was a consultant physician to the Cornwall clinical area. He was born in north Wales, where his father was an eminent Baptist minister and college principal. The family moved to Cardiff, where Edward was educated at Cardiff High School.

He began studying at St Bartholomew’s Hospital Medical School in 1940; war had broken out, and he took his turn as a firewatcher on the hospital roof during the blitz.

As an undergraduate he had a haemorrhage from a duodenal ulcer and subsequently had a partial gastrectomy that caused him to experience symptoms of “dumping” for the rest of his life.

On gaining MB BS …
Invited commertary on “Immediate weightbearing after intramedullary fixation of extraarticular distal tibial fractures reduces the nonunion rate compared with traditional weight-bearing protocol: A cohort study” [Int. J. Surg. (2020) Mar 10. pii: S1743-9191(20)30205-3]
Authors: Jun Liu, Jianqin Ji
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2020)
USPSTF 2020 Recommendations on Screening for Asymptomatic Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnancy
Authors: Amanda L. Lewis, Louise C. Laurent
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention or Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting to Treat Ischemic Cardiomyopathy?
Authors: Eric J. Velazquez
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Role of Immunotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Tanya E. Keenan, Sara M. Tolaney
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2020)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have led to durable clinical remissions in many metastatic cancers. However, the single-agent efficacy of ICIs in breast cancer is low, including in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which has several key characteristics that enhance ICI responses. Strategies to improve anticancer immune responses in TNBC are urgently needed to extend survival for patients with metastatic disease. This review presents ICI monotherapy response rates and discusses combination strategies with chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and novel immunotherapies. It concludes with a summary of immunotherapy biomarkers in TNBC and a call to action for future directions of research critical to advancing the efficacy of immunotherapy for patients with TNBC.
Three-Dimensional Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy in Whole-Cell and Tissue Specimens
Authors: Sheng Liu, Hyun Huh, Sang-Hyuk Lee, Fang Huang
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2020)

Super-resolution microscopy techniques are versatile and powerful tools for visualizing organelle structures, interactions, and protein functions in biomedical research. However, whole-cell and tissue specimens challenge the achievable resolution and depth of nanoscopy methods. We focus on three-dimensional single-molecule localization microscopy and review some of the major roadblocks and developing solutions to resolving thick volumes of cells and tissues at the nanoscale in three dimensions. These challenges include background fluorescence, system- and sample-induced aberrations, and information carried by photons, as well as drift correction, volume reconstruction, and photobleaching mitigation. We also highlight examples of innovations that have demonstrated significant breakthroughs in addressing the abovementioned challenges together with their core concepts as well as their trade-offs.
Melanoma Diagnoses Rise While Mortality Stays Fairly Flat, Raising Concerns About Overdiagnosis
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Deregulated HOX Gene Axis Confers an Epigenetic Vulnerability in KRAS-Mutant Lung Cancers
Authors: Stephanie L. Guerra, Ophélia Maertens, Ryan Kuzmickas, Thomas De Raedt, Richard O. Adeyemi, Caroline J. Guild, Shawna Guillemette, Amanda J. Redig, Emily S. Chambers, Man Xu, Hong Tiv, Sandro Santagata, Pasi A. Jänne, Stephen J. Elledge, Karen Cichowski
Journal: Cancer Cell (2020)
Neurobiology, Clinical Presentation, and Treatment of Methamphetamine Use Disorder
Authors: Martin P. Paulus, Jennifer L. Stewart
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> The prevalence of and mortality associated with methamphetamine use has doubled during the past 10 years. There is evidence suggesting that methamphetamine use disorder could be the next substance use crisis in the United States and possibly worldwide. <h3>Observation</h3> The neurobiology of methamphetamine use disorder extends beyond the acute effect of the drug as a monoaminergic modulator and includes intracellular pathways focused on oxidative stress, neurotoxic and excitotoxic effects, and neuroinflammation. Similarly, the clinical picture extends beyond the acute psychostimulatory symptoms to include complex cardiovascular and cerebrovascular signs and symptoms that need to be identified by the clinician. Although there are no pharmacologic treatments for methamphetamine use disorder, cognitive behavioral therapy, behavioral activation, and contingency management show modest effectiveness. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> There is a need to better understand the complex neurobiology of methamphetamine use disorder and to develop interventions aimed at novel biological targets. Parsing the disorder into different processes (eg, craving or mood-associated alterations) and targeting the neural systems and biological pathways underlying these processes may lead to greater success in identifying disease-modifying interventions. Finally, mental health professionals need to be trained in recognizing early cardiovascular and cerebrovascular warning signs to mitigate the mortality associated with methamphetamine use disorder.
Abstract 155: Elevated Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients Undergoing Targeted Temperature Management After Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Toishi Sharma, Jordan Kunkes, Waleed Ibrahim, David O Sullivan, Antonio B Fernandez
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) reduces mortality and improves neurological outcomes after cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest is considered a pro-thrombotic state. Endovascular cooling catheters may increase the risk of thrombosis. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH), however, increases fibrinolysis. These opposing effects may expose patients to both bleeding and venous thromboembolic risk during and after therapeutic hypothermia. The net effect in these patientsremains largely unexplored. Moreover, the exact rate of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is uncertain in these patients. We sought to determine the incidence and potential predictors of VTE in patients undergoing TH after cardiac arrest and compare it to a control group with similar risk of VTE. Methods: Single center retrospective analysis. Participants were age ≥18 years old, admitted to Hartford Hospital with out-of-hospital or in-hospital cardiac arrest, underwent TH between January 1, 2007 and April 30, 2019 with endovascular cooling catheter. A total of 562 patients who underwent TH (Study group) were compared to 304 matchedpatientstreated in the medical ICU with a diagnosis of ARDS (control group). This control group was based on presumed similarities in factors affecting VTE: intensive care setting, immobility, length of stay and likely presence of central venous catheters. Results: Patients who underwent TH had a significantly higher rate of VTE (6.6% vs 4.6%, p=0.006) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (2.3% vs 1.3%, p=0.011) when compared to control group. The rate of pulmonary embolism was higher in the TH group, but this was not statistically significant (2.5% and 1.0%, p=0.128). In multivariate analysis age, gender, race and hospital length of stay were not associated with development of VTE in the study group. Conclusion: Patients undergoing TH after cardiac arrest have statistically higher incidence of VTE and DVT compared to patients with ARDS. This risk is independent of age, gender, race or length of stay. Further research into additional independent predictors of VTE and DVT in this population may eventually guide the management and potential future interventions.
Neuromodulation of Brain State and Behavior
Authors: David A. McCormick, Dennis B. Nestvogel, Biyu J. He
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2020)

Neural activity and behavior are both notoriously variable, with responses differing widely between repeated presentation of identical stimuli or trials. Recent results in humans and animals reveal that these variations are not random in their nature, but may in fact be due in large part to rapid shifts in neural, cognitive, and behavioral states. Here we review recent advances in the understanding of rapid variations in the waking state, how variations are generated, and how they modulate neural and behavioral responses in both mice and humans. We propose that the brain has an identifiable set of states through which it wanders continuously in a nonrandom fashion, owing to the activity of both ascending modulatory and fast-acting corticocortical and subcortical-cortical neural pathways. These state variations provide the backdrop upon which the brain operates, and understanding them is critical to making progress in revealing the neural mechanisms underlying cognition and behavior.
Increased Myocardial Stiffness in Patients with High Risk Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: The Hallmark of Stage-B HFpEF
Authors: Michinari Hieda, Satyam Sarma, Christopher M. Hearon, Katrin A. Dias, Jose Martinez, Mitchel Samels, Braden Everding, Dean Palmer, Sheryl Livingston, Margot Morris, Erin Howden, Benjamin D. Levine
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Individuals with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and elevated cardiac biomarkers in middle-age are at high risk for the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction ...