tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTH-002 Colonoscopy after bowelscope (BS) flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) – urgent or routine?
Authors: Anwar Suleiman Abusrewil, Mumtaz Hayat, Heather Dixon, Karen Rowell, David Nylander
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

<h3>Introduction and aims</h3> The implementation of BS (1 off FS for 55 year olds) has led to significant pressures on endoscopy units with large numbers of procedures. In addition patients with certain findings (which include number, size, dysplasia and villous component degree of adenomatous polyps) will require colonoscopy (FC). This has to be done within 2 weeks. The North of Tyne screening centre serves a population &gt;8 60 000. 'Roll out' of BS started in 2014 and now covers patients enrolled in 50% of our regional GP practices. At this 'halfway stage' we aimed to assess: Attendance and findings in those invited Proportion of patients who require FC after FS and significance of proximal pathology Incidence and sites of any malignancy The proportion with neoplasia after colonoscopy requiring future surveillance <h3>Method</h3> Data was collected on all patients who had FC after FS in the BS program for the 12 months from 1/1/2017 (obtained from the central database and crosschecked with local records). We reviewed all endoscopy and histology reports to obtain patient demographics, FC indication, findings and all histology. The extent of each FS was accurately recorded with aid of Olympus imager (scope guide). <h3>Results</h3> 2698 of the 3629 who responded to the written invitation attended for FS. 130 (4.8% of attenders) met criteria for FC – Main reasons:≥10 mm polyp (34%);≥3 polyps (21.5%); villous histology (21.5%); anticoagulant/antiplatelet use (4.6%) After colonoscopy, 54 have neoplasia requiring for future surveillance – 33 high risk category (1 year); 21, intermediate risk (3 years). 4 patients had malignancies: 1x rectal polyp cancer; 1x sigmoid cancer (T2N0); 1x descending colon cancer (T3N1M1); 1 splenic flexure cancer (T4N1); At colonoscopy, 37 patients had adenomas proximal to the splenic flexure but all were &lt;10 mm with low-grade dysplasia <h3>Conclusions</h3> 74% of patients who initially showed interest attended for FS Almost 5% of patients attending for BS require FC; of these 41.5% will have intermediate or high risk neoplasia requiring future surveillance A small proportion (1.5/1000 screened) of attenders were found to have a cancer 28.5% had neoplastic lesions beyond the splenic flexure, none with high grade dysplasia/cancer Therefore if the colon is examined to the splenic flexure at FS during BS screening, our data suggests that FC can be safely booked as routine (within 6 weeks). This will ease some of the pressure on endoscopy units.
Niche-Specific Reprogramming of Epigenetic Landscapes Drives Myeloid Cell Diversity in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Jason S. Seidman, Ty D. Troutman, Mashito Sakai, Anita Gola, Nathanael J. Spann, Hunter Bennett, Cassi M. Bruni, Zhengyu Ouyang, Rick Z. Li, Xiaoli Sun, BaoChau T. Vu, Martina P. Pasillas, Kaori M. Ego, David Gosselin, Verena M. Link, Ling-Wa Chong, Ronald M. Evans, Bonne M. Thompson, Jeffrey G. McDonald, Mojgan Hosseini, Joseph L. Witztum, Ronald N. Germain, Christopher K. Glass
Journal: Immunity (2020)
Prize Winning Abstracts from BASEM Congress 2016
Authors: T Hughes, J C Sergeant, M Parkes, M Callaghan, C Speers, A Seth, K Patel, M Gillett, D Rakhit, K Radhakrishnan, V K Sharma, S K Subramanian, W Wynter Bee, J Ubhi, B Kumar, M Sahni, G Bhogal
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)
PNPLA3 Gene Polymorphism and Liver- and Extrahepatic Cancer–Related Mortality in the United States
Authors: Karn Wijarnpreecha, Melissa Scribani, Pascale Raymond, Denise M. Harnois, Andrew P. Keaveny, Aijaz Ahmed, Donghee Kim
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: N. S. Macklon
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Independently increases the risk of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common condition. The reported incidence varies between 3% and 15% of women of reproductive age, depending on the population studied and the diagnostic criteria applied,1 which include hyperandrogenism, anovulation, and polycystic ovaries. Rising obesity rates are likely to increase the incidence further. The implications of this for those who care for women in pregnancy are highlighted in the linked cohort study, in which Roos and colleagues assess the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome, taking maternal characteristics and assisted reproductive technology into account (doi:10.1136/bmj.d6309).2 

Although polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with increased long term risks of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, most affected women present initially with anovulatory infertility. Weight loss can resolve this, but it is often difficult to achieve and medical treatments are usually required. Most will respond to anti-oestrogen treatment, and those who do not usually ovulate when given exogenous gonadotrophins.3 However, in vitro fertilisation is being …
Covid-19: Doctors should not face investigation for refusing to see patients over lack of PPE, says indemnifier
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Background: The expression of wild-type and mutant p53 was studied in two fibrosarcoma cell lines in a mouse xenograft model. Materials and Methods: Human cell lines HT1080 and Hs913(D)T were implanted in athymic mice via intramuscular (i.m.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) routes. After eight weeks, liver, lung and primary inoculation sites were harvested. Sections were stained using two methods: a) haematoxylin and eosin to detect tumour at implantation site, liver and lung; b) immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies to detect expression of wild-type (wt) and mutant p53. Results: Both cell lines had similar implantation rates via either route but Hs913(D)T had a higher metastatic rate than HT1080. The Hs913(D)T cells exhibited greater expression of mutant and wild-type p53 than the HT1080 cells. Conclusion: The expression of wild-type and mutant p53 is associated with a cell line of greater malignant potential. The inoculation route does not affect primary tumour uptake or metastatic rate.
Assessing the Opioid Analgesic Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy Program
Authors: Doris Auth, Judy Staffa, Cynthia LaCivita
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
A Prehistory of the Diathesis-Stress Model: Predisposing and Exciting Causes of Insanity in the 19th Century
Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2020)

Histories of the diathesis-stress model trace its origins to the 1950s. However, of 26 psychiatric texts published between 1800 and 1910, 17 noted that causes of insanity could be usefully divided into those that predispose to illness and those that excite onset. In this "predisposition-excitation framework" (PEF) for the etiology of insanity, hereditary or constitutional factors were critical predisposing causes, but education, occupation, sex, and marital status were typically included as well. Psychological traumas were key exciting causes, but so were somatic diseases, pregnancy, and substance abuse. The PEF was often used to explain the diversity of individual responses to adversity. While single dramatic events often excited onset, daily repetition of lesser shocks could also bring on insanity. Matching could occur between predisposing and exciting causes in individuals who had "special susceptibilities." Predispositions could lead to "affects, passions, and perverse manner of life," which became exciting causes. Authors emphasized that it was easier to prevent exposures to exciting causes than to reverse predispositions. A thought experiment of an individual "transplanted early into new and different social conditions" anticipated models of primary prevention. Ratings of predisposing and exciting causes were mandated in the United Kingdom from 1878 to 1887 and at several U.S. psychiatric hospitals in the early 20th century. The PEF was far more stable over place and time in the 19th century than any psychiatric nosologic system. Contrary to the doctrinaire schools of psychoanalytic and biological psychiatry that dominated much of 20th-century psychiatry, the PEF proposed a flexible, developmental, and pluralistic view of etiologic pathways to psychiatric illness.
Patient‐based outcomes and quality of life
Authors: Filippo Graziani, Georgios Tsakos
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2020)

Patient-based outcomes complement clinical data with patients' self-evaluation of their physical, psychological, and social well-being, and as such facilitate clinical decision-making, assessing the quality of care provided, and evaluating practices and policies. Some validated generic oral health-related quality of life measures used in recent research indicated a high performance. There is a proportional relationship between the quality of life and periodontitis, ie, the higher the level of periodontitis, the poorer the oral health-related quality of life. This relationship is heightened by the presence of symptoms such as bleeding, halitosis, and mobility. On the other hand, periodontal treatment has demonstrated the capability to improve quality of life substantially. Future research should focus on questionnaires that are able to explain the interlinked pathways between periodontal conditions, approaches to treatment approaches, and patients' well-being. The acquisition of new knowledge in the field is essential for the whole community, as we treat people not millimeters.
Role of imaging in multiple myeloma
Authors: Francis I. Baffour, Katrina N. Glazebrook, Shaji K. Kumar, Stephen M. Broski
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2020)

With rapid advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), imaging has become instrumental in detection of intramedullary and extramedullary disease, providing prognostic information, and assessing therapeutic efficacy. Whole-body low dose computed tomography (WBLDCT) has emerged as the study of choice to detect osteolytic bone disease. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) combines functional and morphologic information to identify MM disease activity and assess treatment response. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has excellent soft-tissue contrast and is the modality of choice for bone marrow evaluation. This review focuses on the imaging modalities available for MM patient management, highlighting advantages, disadvantages, and applications of each.
COVID-19 Reveals Urgent Need to Strengthen the World Health Organization
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2020)

From the time China reported a novel coronavirus to the World Health Organization (WHO) on December 31, 2019, it took barely 4 months to become a pandemic, killing hundreds of thousands, and growing daily. It is now clear that the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had been circulating in Wuhan, China, for weeks before China reported it to the WHO, and that authorities hid information. China maintained SARS-CoV-2 was not readily transmissible between humans. The WHO published China’s data, but without independently verifying their accuracy.

President Trump subsequently blamed the WHO for its slow and “China-centric” response. On April 14, 2020, he announced a suspension of US voluntary contributions to the agency.

Although the WHO was unable to verify the Chinese data, it was proactive, including widely sharing the genomic sequencing of the virus with international scientists. On January 30, 2020, the WHO declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global health emergency, urging rigorous containment including testing, contract tracing, and quarantine. Broad criticism of the organization is unfounded, and is particularly damaging because the pandemic is poised to deeply affect sub-Saharan Africa. That said, legitimate concerns about the WHO include its reluctance to insist China allow a robust WHO team on the ground and its praising of China’s transparency.

The crisis now unfolding could also become a historic opportunity to strengthen the WHO. Reforms must start with recognizing the global public good achieved by the WHO.
The quantized geometry of visual space: The coherent computation of depth, form, and lightness
Authors: Stephen Grossberg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1983)

A theory is presented of how global visual interactions between depth, length, lightness, and form percepts can occur. The theory suggests how quantized activity patterns which reflect these visual properties can coherently fill-in, or complete, visually ambiguous regions starting with visually informative data features. Phenomena such as the Cornsweet and Craik–O'Brien effects, phantoms and subjective contours, binocular brightness summation, the equidistance tendency, Emmert's law, allelotropia, multiple spatial frequency scaling and edge detection, figure-ground completion, coexistence of depth and binocular rivalry, reflectance rivalry, Fechner's paradox, decrease of threshold contrast with increased number of cycles in a grating pattern, hysteresis, adaptation level tuning, Weber law modulation, shift of sensitivity with background luminance, and the finite capacity of visual short term memory are discussed in terms of a small set of concepts and mechanisms. Limitations of alternative visual theories which depend upon Fourier analysis, Laplacians, zero-crossings, and cooperative depth planes are described. Relationships between monocular and binocular processing of the same visual patterns are noted, and a shift in emphasis from edge and disparity computations toward the characterization of resonant activity-scaling correlations across multiple spatial scales is recommended. This recommendation follows from the theory's distinction between the concept of a structural spatial scale, which is determined by local receptive field properties, and a functional spatial scale, which is defined by the interaction between global properties of a visual scene and the network as a whole. Functional spatial scales, but not structural spatial scales, embody the quantization of network activity that reflects a scene's global visual representation. A functional scale is generated by a filling-in resonant exchange, or FIRE, which can be ignited by an exchange of feedback signals among the binocular cells where monocular patterns are binocularly matched.
Toward clinical understanding of aristolochic acid upper-tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Arnoud Boot, Nanhai Jiang, Steven G. Rozen
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

A cluster of patients poisoned by herbal medicine in the 1990s revealed that aristolochic acid (AA) causes kidney failure and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Recent research demonstrated that this was not an isolated incident; on the contrary, AA exposure is widespread in East Asia. This editorial highlights research by Lu and colleagues that investigates clinical characteristics of AA and non-AA UTUCs from 90 patients in Beijing based on the AA mutational signature. The study also detected AA mutations in non-tumor tissue of AA exposed patients and showed that AA mutations can be detected in urine, which might form the basis for non-invasive tests for AA exposure.
A third of covid-19 patients admitted to UK hospitals die
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2020)

A third of patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 in the UK died—putting the fatality rate on a par with Ebola—according to a study which tracked the outcomes of 16 749 patients.

The study—the largest detailed description of covid-19 in Europe—found that being obese, male, or elderly reduces chance of survival.1

The research was carried out by the ISARIC-4 consortium, a UK wide group of doctors and scientists, who are trying to find out who are the most severely affected by covid-19 and why some people have better outcomes than others. The consortium is funded by a grant from UK Research and Innovation.

Data was gathered from 166 hospitals in England, Scotland, and Wales between 6 February and 18 April by 2468 research nurses, administrators, and volunteer medical students. It has …
Comprehensive Molecular Characterization Identifies Distinct Genomic and Immune Hallmarks of Renal Medullary Carcinoma
Authors: Pavlos Msaouel, Gabriel G. Malouf, Xiaoping Su, Hui Yao, Durga N. Tripathi, Melinda Soeung, Jianjun Gao, Priya Rao, Cristian Coarfa, Chad J. Creighton, Jean-Philippe Bertocchio, Selvi Kunnimalaiyaan, Asha S. Multani, Jorge Blando, Rong He, Daniel D. Shapiro, Luigi Perelli, Sanjana Srinivasan, Federica Carbone, Patrick G. Pilié, Menuka Karki, Riyad N.H. Seervai, Bujamin H. Vokshi, Dolores Lopez-Terrada, Emily H. Cheng, Ximing Tang, Wei Lu, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Timothy C. Thompson, Irwin Davidson, Virginia Giuliani, Katharina Schlacher, Alessandro Carugo, Timothy P. Heffernan, Padmanee Sharma, Jose A. Karam, Christopher G. Wood, Cheryl L. Walker, Giannicola Genovese, Nizar M. Tannir
Journal: Cancer Cell (2020)
PTH-042 Colorectal stenting as a bridge to surgery: a decade of single centre success
Authors: Lindsay Steward, Miriam Manook, Waveney Stafford, Fiona Taylor, Stefano Andreani, Alan Watson
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Colonic stenting in obstructing left sided colorectal cancer (CRC) using self-expanding metallic stents has been utilised as a conservative management intervention, as well as a bridge to definitive surgery. Despite high reported success rates technically and clinically of stent deployment, as well as improved rates of primary anastomosis, controversy remains about the use of this procedure as a bridge to surgery. We report on a decade of single centre experience. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective analysis of patients requiring urgent colorectal cancer stenting as a bridge to surgery between 2006 and 2017. Primary outcomes measured were clinical and technical success. Secondary outcomes recorded were survival, complications, primary anastomosis and stoma formation <h3>Results</h3> 36 patients underwent CRC stenting with the intention of being a bridge to elective surgery, of whom 44% were female. Mean age was 65.7 years. The majority of cases (84%) were undertaken by one of the 3 main operators. At staging, 9 patients (25%) were T3; 17 (47.3%) T4. 25% of patients were ASA 3. Technical success was reported in 89% of cases and clinical success 86%. At elective surgery primary anastomosis was achieved in 61%. 5 reported early complications, including 2 clinical perforations and 2 radiological perforations. Mean survival post stenting procedure was 24 months (range 3–55 months), with death due to metastatic CRC. There were no deaths within 30 days. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We demonstrate excellent technical success with this treatment modality. By temporising patients using endoscopic stenting, patients are optimised for elective surgery by colorectal surgeons with good primary anastomosis rates, and excellent post procedure mortality.
Skin tape proteomics identifies pathways associated with transepidermal water loss and allergen polysensitization in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Elena Goleva, Agustin Calatroni, Petra LeBeau, Evgeny Berdyshev, Patricia Taylor, Simion Kreimer, Robert N. Cole, Donald Y.M. Leung
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2020)
Hepatic Molecular Signatures Highlight the Sexual Dimorphism of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)
Authors: Jimmy Vandel, Julie Dubois‐Chevalier, Céline Gheeraert, Bruno Derudas, Violetta Raverdy, Dorothée Thuillier, Luc Gaal, Sven Francque, François Pattou, Bart Staels, Jérôme Eeckhoute, Philippe Lefebvre
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

Background and Aims Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is considered as a pivotal stage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression, given that it paves the way for severe liver injuries such as fibrosis and cirrhosis. The etiology of human NASH is multifactorial, and identifying reliable molecular players and/or biomarkers has proven difficult. Together with the inappropriate consideration of risk factors revealed by epidemiological studies (altered glucose homeostasis, obesity, ethnicity, sex, etc.), the limited availability of representative NASH cohorts with associated liver biopsies, the gold standard for NASH diagnosis, probably explains the poor overlap between published “omics”‐defined NASH signatures. Approach and Results Here, we have explored transcriptomic profiles of livers starting from a 910‐obese‐patient cohort, which was further stratified based on stringent histological characterization, to define “NoNASH” and “NASH” patients. Sex was identified as the main factor for data heterogeneity in this cohort. Using powerful bootstrapping and random forest (RF) approaches, we identified reliably differentially expressed genes participating in distinct biological processes in NASH as a function of sex. RF‐calculated gene signatures identified NASH patients in independent cohorts with high accuracy. Conclusions This large‐scale analysis of transcriptomic profiles from human livers emphasized the sexually dimorphic nature of NASH and its link with fibrosis, calling for the integration of sex as a major determinant of liver responses to NASH progression and responses to drugs.