tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Investigating disparities: The effect of social environment on pancreatic cancer survival.
Authors: David Madnick, Kristen Sorice, Yinuo Yin, Elizabeth A. Handorf, Lavanya Nagappan, Matthew Moccia, Khadija Cheema, Namrata Vijayvergia, Efrat Dotan, Shannon M. Lynch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

208 Background: Incidence rates of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) are higher in Black compared to White patients (pts). Beyond race, exposure to poor neighborhoods or social environments also contribute to cancer disparities. However, social environmental effects on PAC are not well-studied. Social environment is defined as: 1) a neighborhood’s socioeconomic conditions (SES; i.e. a combination of education, income, poverty and employment levels); 2) racial segregation (RS) or the degree of isolation/separation of race/ethnic groups in a neighborhood. The goal of our study is to investigate whether poor social environments impact survival in a clinic population with metastatic PAC. Methods: Neighborhood SES and RS measures were derived from US census data (2011-2015) at the census tract level, which is a smaller geographic area than a county. Patient (pt) addresses were used to generate a geocode that identifies the census tract or neighborhood in which a pt lives. We joined medical records of PAC pts (n = 374; diagnosed 2010-2016 at Fox Chase Cancer Center) to neighborhood measures via the geocode. Pt variables included in the analysis were: age, sex, race, marital status, treatment, PAC family history, stage, Jewish ancestry, tobacco use and Charlson comorbidity index. Multivariable cox proportional hazards models with cluster adjustments were used and variables with p-values &lt; 0.05 were considered significant. Results: 342 PAC deaths occurred and median survival was 12m. 81% of pts were White; &lt; 40% resided in poor social environments (i.e. low SES or high RS). In multivariable analyses stratified by RS, median survival was lower in pts from high RS (11m) vs low RS areas (13m); however, this difference was not significant (p = 0.27). Variable effects differed by high/low RS. In high RS areas, sex, surgery, chemo, diabetes and neighborhood SES were significant predictors of survival; in low RS areas, surgery, chemo, radiation, PAC family history, tobacco use, Jewish ancestry and race were significant. Conclusions: While social environment did not appear to significantly affect survival time in metastatic pts, its potential moderating (interaction) effects on variable associations with PAC warrant further investigation.
Trends in Smoking and e-Cigarette Use Among US Patients With Cancer, 2014-2017
Authors: Nina N. Sanford, David J. Sher, Xiaohan Xu, Ayal A. Aizer, Brandon A. Mahal
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2019)

This cross-sectional study of data from the National Health Interview Survey analyzes the prevalence of e-cigarette use in US patients with cancer.
People with learning disabilities have lower life expectancy and cancer screening rates
Authors: Jacqui Thornton
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Women with a learning disability in England have an average life expectancy of 65, GP data from NHS Digital have shown—18 years lower than those without.1

The inequality is greater in women than men. Men with a learning disability had an average life expectancy of 66 in 2017-18, compared with 80 in men without a recorded disability.

Patients with learning disabilities also had lower rates of cancer screening, most notably in cervical screening for women: only 31% had smear tests, compared with 73.2% of those without a learning disability.

Dan Scorer, head of policy at the UK charity Mencap, described the figures as “extremely …
CCTG CO.26 trial: A phase II randomized study of durvalumab (D) plus tremelimumab (T) and best supportive care (BSC) versus BSC alone in patients (pts) with advanced refractory colorectal carcinoma (rCRC).
Authors: Eric Xueyu Chen, Derek J. Jonker, Hagen F. Kennecke, Scott R. Berry, Felix Couture, Chaudhary E. Ahmad, John R. Goffin, Petr Kavan, Mohammed Harb, Bruce Colwell, Setareh Samimi, Benoit Samson, Tahir Abbas, Nathalie Aucoin, Francine Aubin, Sheryl L. Koski, Alice Chia-chi Wei, Nadine M Magoski, Dongsheng Tu, Christopher J. O'Callaghan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

481 Background: D is a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) that inhibits binding of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) to its receptor. T is a mAb against the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). Targeting both PD-L1 and CTLA-4 may have additive/synergistic activity as the mechanisms of action of CTLA-4 and PD-L1 inhibition are non-redundant. This study evaluated whether combining PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibition would lead to improved pt survival vs BSC alone in rCRC. Methods: Pts with rCRC were randomized 2:1 to D+T vs BSC . Pts were eligible if they failed all standard regimens; containing a fluoropyrimidine, irinotecan and oxaliplatin (and an EGFR inhibitor if Ras wild type). Prior treatment (Tx) with anti-VEGF agents or TAS-102 was permitted but not mandatory. Tx consisted of D (1500 mg) D1 q 28 days and T (75 mg) D1 for first 4 cycles, and all appropriate supportive measures. Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) and a two-sided p-value &lt; 0.10 was considered statistically significant. Results: Between August 2016 and June 2017, 180 pts were enrolled and 179 treated as randomized. Pt baseline characteristics were balanced. 85% of pts received ≥ 90% of planned doses of D and T. No pts with known defective mismatch repair (dMMR) tumors were enrolled. With a median (med) follow-up of 15.2 months (mo), the med OS was 6.6 mo for D+T and 4.1 mo for BSC (p = 0.07; Hazard ratio (HR): 0.72, 90% confidence interval (CI): 0.54–0.97). Med progression free survival was 1.8 mo and 1.9 mo respectively (HR 1.01, 90% CI 0.76–1.34; p=0.97). Disease control rate was 22.7% for D+T and 6.6% for BSC (p = 0.006). Grade 3/4 abdominal pain, fatigue, lymphocytosis and eosinophilia were significantly higher in D+T. At 16 weeks, there was significantly less deterioration on EORTC QLQ-C30 physical function for D+T. Confirmation of MMR status is ongoing. Conclusions: D+T significantly prolonged OS in pts with rCRC and preserved quality of life. Adverse events were more frequent with D+T. This is the first study showing that combined PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibition prolongs survival in pts with advanced refractory CRC not selected for dMMR. Clinical trial information: NCT02870920.
Clinical and Laboratory Benefits of Early Initiation of Hydroxyurea with Pharmacokinetic Guided Dosing for Young Children with Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: Patrick T. McGann, Omar Niss, Min Dong, Anu Marahatta, Tomoyuki Mizuno, Karen Kalinyak, Theodosia A. Kalfa, Punam Malik, Charles T. Quinn, Russell E. Ware, Alexander A. Vinks
Journal: Blood (2018)
Impact of peripheral neuropathy induced by platinum in first-line chemotherapy on second-line chemotherapy containing paclitaxel for advanced gastric cancer.
Authors: Ryo Otsuka, Satoru Iwasa, Takako Yanai, Hirokazu Shoji, Yoshitaka Honma, Natsuko Okita, Atsuo Takashima, Ken Kato, Hironobu Hashimoto, Yoshinori Makino, Masatoshi Sekiguchi, Yoshimasa Ishizone, Narikazu Boku, Masakazu Yamaguchi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

132 Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common adverse effect of platinum and paclitaxel (PTX) persisting for long time. In the Gastric Cancer Treatment Guideline (Japanese Gastric Cancer Association, 2018), first-line chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidine plus platinum followed by taxane based chemotherapy is recommended. It is not well known how much CIPN by platinum in the first-line chemotherapy affect the tolerability of second-line chemotherapy containing PTX (second-PTX). Methods: The subjects were advanced gastric cancer patients who received second-PTX after the platinum-containing first-line chemotherapy between March 2015 and June 2018. Patients were divided into two groups according to prior platinum: oxaliplatin (prior L-OHP) and cisplatin (prior CDDP) groups. CIPN was graded according to CTCAE ver.4. Severity of CIPN, dose reduction and discontinuation due to CIPN during the second-PTX were compared between the two groups. Results: 109 patients (50 prior L-OHP group and 59 prior CDDP group) were included in this retrospective study. The severity of CIPN just before second-PTX was 46% for grade 1 and 12% for grade 2 in the prior L-OHP group, and 8.5% and 0% in the prior CDDP group. The initial dose of PTX was reduced in 59 % of the prior L-OHP and in 39 % of the prior CDDP group. The worst grade of CIPN during second-PTX was 40% for grade 1, 34% for grade 2, 14% for grade 3 in the prior L-OHP group, and 33.9%, 20.3%, 0% in the prior CDDP group. Median time to grade 2 neuropathy during second-PTX was 2.5 months in the prior L-OHP group and 8.6 months in the prior CDDP group (p = 0.0004). CIPN-related dose reduction of PTX were 12.0% in the prior L-OHP group and 3.4% in the prior CDDP group (p = 0.177). Discontinuation of second-PTX due to CIPN were 10.0% in the prior L-OHP group and 5.1% in the prior CDDP group (p = 0.541). Conclusions: The severity of CIPN and tolerability of the second-PTX may be affected by prior platinum, L-OHP or CDDP, in the first-line chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer.
Health benefits of resveratrol: Evidence from clinical studies
Authors: Akhand Pratap Singh, Rachna Singh, Sumit Singh Verma, Vipin Rai, Catherine H. Kaschula, Pralay Maiti, Subash Chandra Gupta
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2019)

Resveratrol is a polyphenolic nutraceutical that exhibits pleiotropic activities in human subjects. The efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of resveratrol have been documented in over 244 clinical trials, with an additional 27 clinical trials currently ongoing. Resveretrol is reported to potentially improve the therapeutic outcome in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus, obesity, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, multiple myeloma, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, inflammatory diseases, and rhinopharyngitis. The polyphenol is reported to be safe at doses up to 5 g/d, when used either alone or as a combination therapy. The molecular basis for the pleiotropic activities of resveratrol are based on its ability to modulate multiple cell signaling molecules such as cytokines, caspases, matrix metalloproteinases, Wnt, nuclear factor-κB, Notch, 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase, intercellular adhesion molecule, vascular cell adhesion molecule, sirtuin type 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α, insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3, Ras association domain family 1α, pAkt, vascular endothelial growth factor, cyclooxygenase 2, nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2, and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1. Although the clinical utility of resveratrol is well documented, the rapid metabolism and poor bioavailability have limited its therapeutic use. In this regard, the recently produced micronized resveratrol formulation called SRT501, shows promise. This review discusses the currently available clinical data on resveratrol in the prevention, management, and treatment of various diseases and disorders. Based on the current evidence, the potential utility of this molecule in the clinic is discussed.
Analysis of Risk Factors Determining Incidence and Outcome of Infections in Children and Adults after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Jan Styczynski, Krzysztof Czyzewski, Sebastian Giebel, Jowita Fraczkiewicz, Malgorzata Salamonowicz, Olga Zajac-Spychala, Agnieszka Zaucha-Prazmo, Joanna Drozd-Sokolowska, Anna Waszczuk-Gajda, Jaroslaw Dybko, Manko Joanna, Mariusz Wysocki, Jerzy Kowalczyk, Jacek Wachowiak, Jolanta Gozdzik, Grzegorz W Basak, Krzysztof Kalwak, Monika Adamska, Marek Hus, Agnieszka Piekarska, Alicja Sadowska-Klasa, Patrycja Mensah-Glanowska, Slawomira Kyrcz-Krzemien, Monika Biernat, Agnieszka Wierzbowska, Piotr Rzepecki, Agnieszka Tomaszewska, Kazimierz Halaburda, Lidia Gil
Journal: Blood (2018)
A phase Ib trial of anti-VEGFR/PDGFR vorolanib combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) in solid tumors.
Authors: Nusayba Ali Bagegni, Benjamin R. Tan, Haeseong Park, Katlyn Kraft, Manik A. Amin, Kian-Huat Lim, Daniel Morgensztern, Katrina Pedersen, Rama Suresh, Nikolaos Trikalinos, Andrea Wang-Gillam
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

TPS472 Background: Immune CPIs have become a standard treatment option for many advanced malignancies, including gastric (G)/GE junction (GEJ) and hepatocellular cancer (HCC), but resistance is inevitable. Data suggests angiogenesis plays a key role in tumor-mediated immune regulation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can inhibit intra-tumor T cell trafficking, while anti-VEGF therapy can improve T cell infiltration, potentially enhancing response to CPIs to overcome resistance. Vorolanib (V), a potent oral VEGFR/PDGFR inhibitor, has anti-angiogenic properties with a favorable toxicity profile. This phase 1b study is aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of V + CPIs, pembrolizumab (P) or nivolumab (N), in pts with advanced solid tumors. Methods: The primary objective is to determine the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of V + CPIs. Secondary objectives include safety, toxicity and objective response rate (ORR) and survival outcomes. Correlatives include analysis of angiogenic factors and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes as response biomarkers in archived tumor tissue and peripheral blood. Key eligibility for dose escalation cohort includes pts with solid tumors who can receive standard P or N, and for dose expansion cohort includes pts with PD-L1+ G/GEJ cancer who progressed on one or two lines of chemo, refused or are not candidates for chemo; or HCC Child-Pugh A treated with or refused sorafenib, ECOG PS 0-1 and adequate organ function. Key exclusions include prior CPI, significant bleeding, thrombosis, autoimmune disease or condition requiring corticosteroid use. A 3+3 design will be utilized to determine maximum tolerated dose and RP2D. V starts at 300 mg PO daily, pts receive N 480 mg IV Q 28-day cycle or P 200 mg IV Q 21-day cycle (max 36 pts). Dose level advancement occurs when all pts complete cycle 1 of assessed level. 20 additional pts (10 HCC, 10 G/GEJ cancer) will be treated at RP2D. Response assessment by RECIST v1.1 occurs Q 3 cycles on P or Q 2 cycles on N. ORR of 20% or greater warrants further investigation. Enrollment is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT03511222.
p53 Is a Master Regulator of Proteostasis in SMARCB1-Deficient Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors
Authors: Alessandro Carugo, Rosalba Minelli, Luigi Sapio, Melinda Soeung, Federica Carbone, Frederick S. Robinson, James Tepper, Ziheng Chen, Sara Lovisa, Maria Svelto, Samirkumar Amin, Sanjana Srinivasan, Edoardo Del Poggetto, Sara Loponte, Francesca Puca, Prasenjit Dey, Gabriel G. Malouf, Xiaoping Su, Liren Li, Dolores Lopez-Terrada, Dinesh Rakheja, Alexander J. Lazar, George J. Netto, Priya Rao, Alessandro Sgambato, Anirban Maitra, Durga N. Tripathi, Cheryl L. Walker, Jose A. Karam, Timothy P. Heffernan, Andrea Viale, Charles W.M. Roberts, Pavlos Msaouel, Nizar M. Tannir, Giulio F. Draetta, Giannicola Genovese
Journal: Cancer Cell (2019)
Targeting IL-17 attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension through downregulation of β-catenin
Authors: Lei Wang, Jie Liu, Wang Wang, Xianmei Qi, Ying Wang, Bo Tian, Huaping Dai, Jing Wang, Wen Ning, Ting Yang, Chen Wang
Journal: Thorax (2019)

Background The role of interleukin 17 (IL-17) in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) remains unclear. This study is designed to explore whether IL-17 is a potential target for HPH treatment. Methods Clinic samples from the lung tissue and serum were obtained from qualified patients. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and/or ELISA were used to measure the expression of relevant proteins. HPH models were established in C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and IL-17 −/− mice and were treated with exogenous recombinant mouse IL-17 (rmIL-17) or an IL-17 neutralising antibody. Assays for cell proliferation, angiogenesis and adhesion were employed to analyse the behaviours of human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (HPAECs). A non-contact Transwell coculture model was used to evaluate intercellular interactions. Results Expression of IL-17 was increased in lung tissue of both patients with bronchiectasis/COPD-associated PH and HPH mouse model. Compared with WT mice, IL-17 −/− mice had attenuated HPH, whereas administration of rmIL-17 aggravated HPH. In vitro, recombinant human IL-17 (rhIL-17) promoted proliferation, angiogenesis and adhesion in HPAECs through upregulation of Wnt3a/β-catenin/CyclinD1 pathway, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of β-catenin almost completely reversed this IL-17-mediated phenomena. IL-17 promoted the proliferation but not the migration of human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) cocultured with HPAECs under both normoxia and hypoxia, but IL-17 had no direct effect on proliferation and migration of HPASMCs. Blockade of IL-17 with a neutralising antibody attenuated HPH in WT mice. Conclusions IL-17 contributes to the pathogenesis of HPH through upregulation of β-catenin expression. Targeting IL-17 might provide potential benefits for alternative therapeutic strategies for HPH.
Prognostic and Biologic Significance of Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA) Profiling in Cytogenetically Abnormal Acute Myeloid Leukemia (CA-AML)
Authors: Dimitrios Papaioannou, Deedra Nicolet, Xiaoqing Rong-Mullins, Krzysztof Mrózek, Jessica Kohlschmidt, Andrew J. Carroll, Kellie J Archer, Jonathan E. Kolitz, Bayard L. Powell, Richard M. Stone, Geoffrey L. Uy, Eunice S. Wang, Wendy Stock, Ramiro Garzon, Clara D. Bloomfield
Journal: Blood (2018)
Abstract MP54: Circulating Prolactin Concentrations and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in US Women
Authors: Jun Li, Megan S Rice, Tianyi Huang, Sue Hankinson, Charles Clevenger, Frank Hu, Shelley Tworoger
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Prolactin, a multifunctional hormone, is involved in regulating insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in experimental and cross-sectional human studies. However, whether circulating levels of prolactin are associated with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear. Methods: We analyzed the prospective relationship between circulating prolactin levels and T2D risk in in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and Nurses’ Health Study II (NHSII) with up to 22 years of follow-up. Total plasma prolactin was measured using immunoassay in 8,637 women free of T2D and cardiovascular disease at baseline blood collection (NHSI: 1989-1990; NHSII: 1996-1999) and a subset of 1,017 NHS women who provided a second blood sample in 2000-2002. In addition, baseline bioactive prolactin levels were measured in a subset of 2,658 women using the Nb2 lymphoma cell bioassay. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) using Cox regressions. Results: A total of 701 incident T2D cases were documented during 159,517 person-years of follow-up. Circulating prolactin levels were inversely associated with T2D risk; the multivariable HR comparing the highest with the lowest quartile of prolactin levels was 0.71 (95% confidence interval, 0.54-0.93; P trend =0.02). The associations were similar by menopausal status and risk factors ( P &gt;0.70 for interaction). Additional adjustment for sex hormones, growth factors, adipokine, and inflammatory markers did not alter the results. The association of bioactive prolactin with T2D risk was suggestively stronger than that of total prolactin (comparable HR=0.56 vs. 0.82 among the 2,658 women). The inverse association of total plasma prolactin with incident T2D waned linearly with time, with a significant association observed during the first 9 years after blood draw. Conclusion: High circulating prolactin level was independently associated with lower risk of T2D in women. Our findings are consistent with experimental evidence, supporting a possible protective role for prolactin in the pathogenesis of T2D.
Bayesian statistics to test Bayes optimality
Authors: Brandon M. Turner, James L. McClelland, Jerome Busemeyer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2018)

Abstract We agree with the authors that putting forward specific models and examining their agreement with experimental data are the best approach for understanding the nature of decision making. Although the authors only consider the likelihood function, prior, cost function, and decision rule (LPCD) framework, other choices are available. Bayesian statistics can be used to estimate essential parameters and assess the degree of optimality.
Abstract 20679: Decreased PGC-1α Post-Cardiopulmonary Bypass Leads to Impaired Oxidative Stress Response in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Jelliffe Jeganathan, Maria Saraf, Feroze Mahmood, Kamal Khabbaz, Ziyad Knio, Venkatachalam Senthilnathan, David Liu, Louis Chu, Ruby Feng, Robina Matyal
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Exact mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction post cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in diabetic patients is unknown. We hypothesized that altered β-oxidation leads to impaired oxidative stre...
Abstract 14900: Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants Associated With Lower Stroke Rates Compared to Warfarin Among Very Elderly Patients With Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: An ARISTOPHANES Subgroup Analysis
Authors: Gregory Y Lip, Allison Keshishian, Xiaoyan Li, Amol Dhamane, Xuemei Luo, Neeraja Balachander, Lisa Rosenblatt, Jack Mardekian, Xianying Pan, Anagha Nadkarni, Alessandra B Garcia, Manuela Di Fusco, Huseyin Yuce, Steve Deitelzweig
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: The prevalence of non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and risk of stroke increase with age. However, very elderly patients were under-represented in randomized clinical trials com...
Clinicopathological characteristics of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor according to progranulin expression.
Authors: Dong-Hoe Koo, In-Gu Do, Sukjoong Oh, Yun-Gyoo Lee, Kyungeun Kim, Jin Hee Sohn, Jung Ho Park, Chong Il Sohn, Byung Ho Son, Ginette Serrero, Chang Hak Yoo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

57 Background: As an autocrine growth factor, progranulin (PGRN) has been known to stimulate tumorigenesis and proliferation of several types of cancer cells. However, little is known about the clinicopathological features of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) according to the PGRN expression. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for patients with GIST who underwent curative surgical resection between March 2007 and March 2018. PGRN expression in tumor cells was evaluated by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis and semi-quantitatively categorized (no expression, 0; weak, 1+; moderate, 2+; strong, 3+). High expression was considered for tumors graded 2+ or 3+ staining intensity. Results: A total of 54 patients were analyzed, and 31 patients (57%) were male. Median age at surgery was 60 years (range, 33-79), and the most common primary site was stomach (36 patients, 67%). Spindle histology was observed in 35 patients (65%). Median tumor size was 8 cm (range, 2-47), and low mitotic count (≤ 5/50 HPF) was observed in 18 patients (33%). According to the modified NIH classification, 42 patients (78%) were grouped into high risk. With IHC evaluation, KIT and CD34 expression were observed in 51 patients (94%) and 40 patients (80%), respectively, and 27 patients (50%) had high PGRN-expressing tumors. Among the 34 patients whose tumors were genotyped, 25 patients (74%) had an exon 11 mutation, and D842V was observed in 3 patients (9%). According to the PGRN expression, high PGRN-expressing tumors had more epithelioid/mixed histology (68% vs. 32%; p = 0.046), and KIT exon 11 mutation (76% vs. 24%; p = 0.037). Regarding other clinicopathological characters, such as sex, age at surgery, primary site, size, mitotic count, risk classification, and KIT/CD34 expression, there was no significant difference between high PGRN-expressing tumors and low PGRN-expressing tumors. Conclusions: High PGRN-expressing GISTs had more epithelioid/mixed histology and more KIT exon 11 mutation in GIST patients who underwent curative surgical resection.