tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Optimizing safety surveillance for COVID-19 vaccines
Authors: Rebecca E. Chandler
Journal: Nature reviews. Immunology (2020)

Evolution of the current infrastructure for surveillance of vaccine safety will be essential to meet our commitments to the public in the deployment of a vaccine (or vaccines) to COVID-19. The incorporation of concepts and tools within the fields of data science and systems immunology can be used to propel vaccine safety monitoring into the twenty-first century. Rebecca Chandler from the Uppsala Monitoring Centre discusses how the COVID-19 pandemic could be the catalyst that propels vaccine safety surveillance into the twenty-first century.
Abstract IA16: Enhancing detection of ctDNA in patients with early-stage or residual disease
Authors: Nitzan Rosenfeld
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Liquid biopsies have become a reality as part of the diagnostic toolbox for oncology. Assays based on targeted next-generation sequencing of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) are now reimbursed for genotyping of advanced disease and can be used to identify resistance mechanisms. I will describe some of our work in developing and validating such tests. I will also describe methods we have developed that leverage the characteristic fragment sizes of ctDNA to aid in detecting and monitoring cancer, using shallow whole-genome sequencing and by analysis of dried blood spots. Applications of ctDNA analysis as a diagnostic tool for earlier-stage disease are making exciting progress. Recent studies have shown potential for detection of minimal residual disease and monitoring for relapse in patients who have undergone treatment with curative intent. Current tests have shown excellent specificity and positive predictive value, and most patients relapse within 6-12 months after ctDNA is detected. These findings have supported the launching of clinical trials to test the utility of ctDNA-guided adjuvant treatment. Patients for whom ctDNA has not been detected with current methods still face an uncertain prognosis. I will describe our ongoing efforts to develop tests with enhanced sensitivity, which aim to identify a larger fraction of patients destined to recur, and to provide a longer lead time prior to clinically overt recurrence, when the residual disease has had less time to grow and evolve. Citation Format: Nitzan Rosenfeld. Enhancing detection of ctDNA in patients with early-stage or residual disease [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Liquid Biopsies; Jan 13-16, 2020; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(11_Suppl):Abstract nr IA16.
Characterization of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with T-cell large granular lymphocyte proliferations (LGL)
Authors: Rami S. Komrokji, Najla al Ali, David Sallman, Eric Padron, Jeffrey Lancet, Lubomir Sokol, Christa Varnadoe, P. K. Burnette, Alan List
Journal: Leukemia (2020)
Diagnosis of Diabetes in Older Adults
Authors: Derek LeRoith, Jeffrey B. Halter
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

The article by Fang et al. (1) in the current issue of Diabetes Care investigates the implications of the recently published 2019 Endocrine Society guideline for the diagnosis of diabetes in older adults (2). It is well established that older people in the U.S. are at high risk for undiagnosed diabetes, which was confirmed by the current study. This is an important finding since these individuals are also at high risk for diabetic complications, both microvascular and macrovascular. These points were carefully addressed in the Endocrine Society guideline.

The authors’ use of the term “standard diagnostic approach” as being limited to mean use of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c is a serious misinterpretation since the American Diabetes Association defines diabetes and prediabetes based on glucose measures including the 2-h post–glucose challenge glucose level (see Table 1 in the guideline [2]). Importantly, individuals with prediabetes are at increased risk for progression to diabetes and the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The FPG and HbA1c categories allow easy identification of both diabetes and prediabetes. However, many people over the age of 60 affected with diabetes and prediabetes are not diagnosed …
What Is the Patient Risk from a Bone Marrow Biopsy By Hematologists-in-Training? A Prospective, Clinical Study
Authors: Shirin Attarian, Louis Juden Reed, Shashi Singh, Gopichand Pendurti, Alexander Shestopalov, Aditi P. Singh, Anjali Budhathoki, Simon Abi Aad, Urvi A Shah, Salem Kim, Kimo Bachiashvili, Tarek Elrafei, Karenza Alexis, Marianna Strakhan, Weijuan Li, Conway Yee, Ellen W. Friedman
Journal: Blood (2017)
Extracellular Volume and Global Longitudinal Strain Both Associate With Outcomes But Correlate Minimally
Authors: Fredrika Fröjdh, Yaron Fridman, Patrick Bering, Aatif Sayeed, Maren Maanja, Louise Niklasson, Eric Olausson, Hongyang Pi, Ali Azeem, Timothy C Wong, Peter Kellman, Brian Feingold, Adam Christopher, Miho Fukui, João L Cavalcante, Christopher A Miller, Javed Butler, Martin Ugander, Erik B Schelbert
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2020)
Abstract IA11: Clinical applications of liquid biopsy in multiple myeloma
Authors: Suzanne Trudel, Trevor Pugh
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by recurrent cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities that have the potential to profoundly impact therapeutic decisions. Conventional karyotyping and/or FISH cytogenetics studies have identified translocations and copy number abnormalities (CNAs) that predict clinical outcomes. More recently, MM whole-exome sequencing studies have uncovered recurrent mutations in genes associated with prognosis and others that are potentially actionable and/or implicated in drug resistance. These observations highlight the need for advanced genomic platforms to inform prognosis and therapeutic decisions. Currently, molecular profiling of MM is performed on bone marrow (BM) aspirates; however, the genetic information obtained from aspirates is confounded by spatial and temporal intratumor genetic heterogeneity. Genomic studies of MM have confirmed the bias introduced by single-site biopsies, demonstrating that not all mutations are shared between targeted biopsies of extramedullary sites and BM. Further, longitudinal whole-genome sequencing studies have not only uncovered tumor heterogeneity at diagnosis but also subclonal competition with a shifting dominance of tumor clones and accumulation of genetic events during progression that are particularly affected by therapeutic pressures. Thus, information acquired from a single biopsy provides a spatially and temporally limited snapshot of a tumor that likely underestimates the complexity of the tumor genomic landscape. Analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and in blood plasma has the potential to overcome these barriers, providing access to the genetic landscape of all cancerous lesions and allowing for noninvasive tracking of genomic evolution over time. Circulating biomarkers can provide a “liquid biopsy” alternative to tissue biopsy, providing new opportunities for treatment tailoring based on real-time monitoring from a simple blood test. Here I will discuss the current liquid biopsy technologies under evaluation for genomic characterization of multiple myeloma. I will also describe the potential clinical applications for liquid biopsies to identify patients for targeted therapies, to track genomic changes, and to follow disease burden in patients with multiple myeloma. Citation Format: Suzanne Trudel, Trevor Pugh. Clinical applications of liquid biopsy in multiple myeloma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Liquid Biopsies; Jan 13-16, 2020; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(11_Suppl):Abstract nr IA11.
Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab in patients with advanced gastric cancer in the first-line or second-line setting (EPOC1706): an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial
Authors: Akihito Kawazoe, Shota Fukuoka, Yoshiaki Nakamura, Yasutoshi Kuboki, Masashi Wakabayashi, Shogo Nomura, Yuichi Mikamoto, Hikari Shima, Noriko Fujishiro, Tsukiko Higuchi, Akihiro Sato, Takeshi Kuwata, Kohei Shitara
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2020)
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gastrointestinal endoscopy activity in France
Authors: Arthur Belle, Maximilien Barret, David Bernardini, Anne-Laure Tarrerias, Erwan Bories, Vianna Costil, Bernard Denis, Rodica Gincul, David Karsenti, Stephane Koch, Arthur Laquiere, Thierry Lecomte, Vincent Quentin, Gabriel Rahmi, Michel Robaszkiewicz, Eric Vaillant, Geoffroy Vanbiervliet, Ariane Vienne, Franck Dumeiran, Olivier Gronier, Stanislas Chaussade
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has majorly affected medical activity around the world. We sought to measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy activity in France.We performed a web-based survey, including 35 questions on the responders and their endoscopic practice, from 23 March to 27 March 2020, sent to the 3300 French gastroenterologists practicing endoscopy.694 GI endoscopists (21 %) provided analyzable data; of these, 29.4 % (204/694) were involved in the management of COVID-19 patients outside the endoscopy department. During the study period, 98.7 % (685/694) of endoscopists had had to cancel procedures. There were 89 gastroenterologists (12.8 %) who reported symptoms compatible with COVID-19 infection, and a positive PCR test was recorded in 12/197 (6.1 %) vs. 3/497 (0.6 %) endoscopists in the high vs. low prevalence areas, respectively (P < 0.001).The COVID-19 pandemic led to a major reduction in the volume of GI endoscopies performed in France in March 2020. The prolonged limited access to GI endoscopy could lead to a delay in the management of patients with GI cancers.
Prevention of Gallstone Formation After Gastrectomy
Authors: Henry A. Pitt, Attila Nakeeb
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Stool processing speed and storage duration do not impact the clinical effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation
Authors: Jessica R. Allegretti, Ryan J. Elliott, Alim Ladha, Mary Njenga, Kurt Warren, Kelsey O’Brien, Shrish Budree, Majdi Osman, Monika Fischer, Colleen R. Kelly, Zain Kassam
Journal: Gut Microbes (2020)

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a recommended therapy to prevent recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI).1,2 Stool banks have emerged to enable safe widespread access by provid...
Using Pharmacology to Squeeze the Life Out of Childhood Leukemia, and Potential Strategies to Achieve Breakthroughs in Medulloblastoma Treatment
Authors: Juwina Wijaya, Tomoka Gose, John D. Schuetz
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2020)

Eliminating cancer was once thought of as a war. This analogy is still apt today; however, we now realize that cancer is a much more formidable enemy than scientists originally perceived, and in some cases, it harbors a profound ability to thwart our best efforts to defeat it. However, before we were aware of the complexity of cancer, chemotherapy against childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was successful because it applied the principles of pharmacology. Herein, we provide a historic perspective of the experience at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. In 1962, when the hospital opened, fewer than 3% of patients experienced durable cure. Through judicious application of pharmacologic principles (e.g., combination therapy with agents using different mechanisms of action) plus appropriate drug scheduling, dosing, and pharmacodynamics, the survival of patients with ALL now exceeds 90%. We contrast this approach to treating ALL with the contemporary approach to treating medulloblastoma, in which genetics and molecular signatures are being used to guide the development of more-efficacious treatment strategies with minimal toxicity. Finally, we highlight the emerging technologies that can sustain and propel the collaborative efforts to squeeze the life out of these cancers. <h3>Significance Statement</h3> Up until the early 1960s, chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia was mostly ineffective. This changed with the knowledge and implementation of rational approaches to combination therapy. Although the therapeutics of brain cancers such as medulloblastoma are not as refined (in part because of the blood-brain barrier obstacle), recent extraordinary advances in knowledge of medulloblastoma pathobiology has led to innovations in disease classification accompanied with strategies to improve therapeutic outcomes. Undoubtedly, additional novel approaches, such as immunological therapeutics, will open new avenues to further the goal of taming cancer.
Ureteral Metastasis From Prostate Cancer
Authors: Guillaume Chaussé, Brian Skinnider, Juanita Crook, Peter Black, Gad Abikhzer, Stephan Probst
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract A 72-year-old man with a history of prostate adenocarcinoma initially managed by radical prostatectomy and salvage radiation therapy underwent resection of a left vas deferens recurrence identified on PSMA PET. Despite an initial response, PSA failed to fall below 3.5 ng/L, prompting re-evaluation with PSMA PET/CT: a left distal hydroureter with presumed physiologic urine activity remains despite diuretic administration. Upon scrutiny of the prior PSMA PET/CT and diagnostic CTs, the distal ureteral uptake matched a subtle circumferential area of enhancing mild ureteral thickening. Pathological review after left uretectomy confirmed metastatic prostate cancer.
Impaired Kupffer Cell Self-Renewal Alters the Liver Response to Lipid Overload during Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Sophie Tran, Ines Baba, Lucie Poupel, Sébastien Dussaud, Martine Moreau, Adélaïde Gélineau, Geneviève Marcelin, Elissa Magréau-Davy, Melissa Ouhachi, Philippe Lesnik, Alexandre Boissonnas, Wilfried Le Goff, Björn E. Clausen, Laurent Yvan-Charvet, Florian Sennlaub, Thierry Huby, Emmanuel L. Gautier
Journal: Immunity (2020)
Heart and Lung Multimodality Imaging in COVID-19
Authors: Eustachio Agricola, Alessandro Beneduce, Antonio Esposito, Giacomo Ingallina, Diego Palumbo, Anna Palmisano, Francesco Ancona, Luca Baldetti, Matteo Pagnesi, Giulio Melisurgo, Alberto Zangrillo, Francesco De Cobelli
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2020)
Extraspinal articular tuberculosis: An 11-year retrospective study of demographic features and clinical outcomes in East London
Authors: Emma McGuire, Swathi Rajagopal, Trishan Vaikunthanathan, Maria Krutikov, Matthew Burman, Ananna Rahman, Veronica White, Simon Tiberi, Caryn Rosmarin, Heinke Kunst
Journal: Journal of Infection (2020)
Simultaneous Heart–Liver Transplantation for Congenital Heart Disease in the United States: Rapidly Increasing With Acceptable Outcomes
Authors: Thomas G. Cotter, Jennifer Wang, Thoetchai Peeraphatdit, Burhaneddin Sandıkçı, Fares Ayoub, Gene Kim, Helen Te, Valluvan Jeevanandam, Diego Sabato, Michael Charlton
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

There are more adults than children living with congenital heart disease (CHD) in the United States, with a growing proportion requiring heart-liver transplantation (HLT). Our aim was to ascertain the frequency, outcomes, and prognostic factors in this patient population.United Network for Organ Sharing data on adult patients who underwent heart transplantation (HT) from 2009 through March 2020 were analyzed. The primary study outcome was patient survival. Cox proportional-hazards modeling assessed for mortality associations. There were 1,084 HT recipients: 817 (75.4%) CHD HTs only, 74 (6.8%) CHD HLTs, 179 (16.5%) non-CHD HLTs, and 14 (1.3%) heart-liver-kidney transplants. The number of CHD HLTs increased from a prior rate of 4/year to 21/year in 2019. Among patients with CHD, the 5-year survival rates were 74.1% and 73.6% in HTs only and HLTs, respectively (P = 0.865). There was a higher rate of allograft failure attributable to rejection in CHD HTs only compared with CHD HLTs (3.2% versus 0.4%; P = 0.014). Only 25 out of 115 HT-performing hospitals undertook CHD HLTs. Higher-volume centers (averaging one CHD HLT per year) had a 5-year patient survival rate of 83.0% compared with 61.3% in lower-volume centers (P = 0.079). Among HLT recipients, total bilirubin (hazard ratio [HR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.12) and diabetes (HR = 2.97, 95% CI = 1.21-7.31) were independently associated with increased mortality risk, whereas CHD and age were not.The rate of HLT for adult CHD in the United States is rising dramatically. The survival outcomes between CHD HT only and CHD HLT groups are comparable; however, the HLT group had lower rates of acute rejection. Among HLT recipients, diabetes and elevated bilirubin are associated with increased posttransplant mortality risk. An average of one CHD HLT per year could be considered a minimum quality metric at transplant centers.
Salvage endoscopic ultrasound-guided stent placement into a stent that had migrated into the peritoneum during a hepaticogastrostomy procedure
Authors: Miruna Cruceru, Marianna Milashka, Florian Rostain, Mickaël Mochet, Maxime Delvincourt, Jérémie Jacques, Mathieu Pioche
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Hepaticogastrostomy has become a standard procedure for biliary obstruction when endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is not feasible. Nevertheless, it remains challenging and stent migration into the peritoneum is a well-known complication, occurring in 2.7 % of cases [1], and possibly leading to death [2].
SAT0080 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FRAGILITY FRACTURE IN PATIENTS WITH ELDERLY ONSET RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND YOUNG ONSET RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: P. Kozhevnikova, I. Dydykina, P. Kovalenko, A. Lila
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease, characterized by erosive arthritis and systemic organ involvement. Chronic inflammation, long RA disease duration, decreased physical activity, immobilization, glucocorticoids use lead to local (periarticular osteoporosis) and generalized loss of bone tissue, decrease in bone mineral density, contravention of microarchitectonics and increased risk of fragility (low-energy) fractures. The structure and density of bone tissue at elderly onset RA, in addition to the above factors, are affected by comorbid diseases, sex steroids level decrease and molecular changes in bone tissue, specifically attributed to aging, followed by increased bone resorption. Fractures reduce the quality of life, have a negative impact on the course of the underlying and concomitant diseases. Objectives: Сompare frequency of fragility fracture in patients with elderly onset rheumatoid arthritis and young onset rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: We included 474 patients with RA diagnosed at 25– 78 years old and fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology (formerly American Rheumatism Association) classification criteria for RA revised in 1987. The patients were divided into two groups depending on age at the RA-onset: The first group (group I) included 217 patients with young onset RA (at 25 to 44 years), second group (group II) included 66 patients with elderly onset RA (aged ≥60 years). The distribution of patients into groups was consistent with the age classification of the World Health Organization. In total, it was selected 283 RA patients. The mean age in group I was 50.4 years, in group II - 71.2 years. The mean age at the onset of RA in group I was 35.0 years, in group II - 66.2 years.; RA duration was 14.4 years and 4.6 years, respectively. Long-term history of glucocorticoids use (for more than 3 months) was observed in 50% of patients in group I, and in 42% of patients in group II. Results: 40 (18%) patients in group I and 17 (26%) patients in group II had fragility fractures. Among patients with fragility fracture, 23 (57,5%) patients in group I and 6 (35%) patients in group II received glucocorticoid therapy for more than 3 months. Two or more fractures in history had 16 (40%) in group I, and 3 (18%) in group II. Conclusion: The frequency of fragility fracture in the study groups was comparable (p&gt; 0.05), despite the age of patients. But, the frequency of refractures was higher in patients with RA-onset at young age, which, apparently, is a consequence of long RA disease duration and use of glucocorticoids. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Therapeutic potential of resveratrol against emerging respiratory viral infections
Authors: Simone Filardo, Marisa Di Pietro, Paola Mastromarino, Rosa Sessa
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2020)

Resveratrol has been widely studied for its therapeutic potential due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties. In particular, resveratrol has shown promising antiviral activity against numerous viruses responsible for severe respiratory infections. Amongst these, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus and the emerging SARS-cov-2 are known to cause pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome or multi-organ failure, especially, in vulnerable individuals like immunocompromised patients or the elderly, leading to a considerable economic burden worldwide. In this context, resveratrol may have potential value for its anti-inflammatory activity, since most of the severe virus-associated complications are related to the overactivation of the host-immune response, leading to lung damage. Herein, we present an overview of the antiviral activity and potential mechanisms of resveratrol against the respiratory tract viruses considered as a public threat for their rapid transmission and high morbidity and mortality in the general population.