tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Two-Drug Regimen for HIV
Authors: Feyza Sancar
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Meta-analysis of Opioids for Chronic Pain
Authors: Winfried Häuser, Thomas Tölle, Andrew Moore
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Review: In cardiac arrest, adrenaline improves survival to hospital admission and to discharge
Authors: Benton R. Hunter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

ACP Journal Club21 May 2019Review: In cardiac arrest, adrenaline improves survival to hospital admission and to dischargeBenton R. Hunter, MDBenton R. Hunter, MDIndiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA (B.R.H.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/ACPJ201905210-055 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationFinn J, Jacobs I, Williams TA, Gates S, Perkins GD. Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;1:CD003179. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30653257Clinical Impact RatingsEmergency Med: Hospitalists: Cardiology: References1 Nolan JP, Morley PT, Vanden Hoek TL, et al; International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest: an advisory statement by the advanced life support task force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Circulation. 2003;108:118-21. [PMID: 12847056] Google Scholar2 Perkins GD, Ji C, Deakin CD, et al; PARAMEDIC2 Collaborators. A randomized trial of epinephrine in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:711-21. [PMID: 30021076] Google Scholar3 Donnino MW, Salciccioli JD, Howell MD, et al; American Heart Association's Get With The Guidelines–Resuscitation Investigators. Time to administration of epinephrine and outcome after in-hospital cardiac arrest with non-shockable rhythms: retrospective analysis of large in-hospital data registry. BMJ. 2014;348:g3028. [PMID: 24846323] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA (B.R.H.)This article was published at Annals.org on 7 May 2019. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 May 2019Volume 170, Issue 10Page: JC55KeywordsDatabasesEpinephrineHeartMortalityNumber needed to treatResuscitationRisk ratioTemperatureVasopressinVasopressors ePublished: 21 May 2019 Issue Published: 21 May 2019 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2019 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A Review of Automated Methods for the Detection of Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Pradeep Kumar Das, Sukadev Meher, Rutuparna Panda, Ajith Abraham
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2019)

Detection of sickle cell disease is a crucial job in medical image analysis. It emphasizes elaborate analysis of proper disease diagnosis after accurate detection followed by a classification of irregularities, which plays a vital role in the sickle cell disease diagnosis, treatment planning, and treatment outcome evaluation. Proper segmentation of complex cell clusters makes sickle cell detection more accurate and robust. Cell morphology has a key role in the detection of the sickle cell because the shapes of the normal blood cell and sickle cell differ significantly. This review emphasizes state-of-the-art methods and recent advances in detection, segmentation, and classification of sickle cell disease. We discuss key challenges encountered during the segmentation of overlapping blood cells. Moreover, standard validation measures that have been employed to yield performance analysis of various methods are also discussed. The methodologies and experiments in this review will be useful to further research and work in this area.
DOES CO-AXIAL PLASTIC DOUBLE PIG TAIL STENT PLACEMENT INTO LUMEN-APPOSING METAL STENTS REDUCE RISKS IN EUS-GUIDED DRAINAGE OF PANCREATIC FLUID COLLECTIONS?
Authors: G Rossi, G Capurso, MC Petrone, SGG Testoni, L Archibugi, M Traini, A Mariani, PG Arcidiacono
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) placement may facilitate pancreatic fluid collections (PFC) drainages but data on related-adverse events, particularly bleeding, are limited. Few data suggest that a co-axial plastic double pig tail stent (DPS) might reduce bleeding risk. Primary aim was the feasibility, efficacy and safety of Hot Axios(Boston Scientific) in a series of patients undergoing PFC EUS-guided drainage. Second aim was to assess the efficacy of DPS placement into the LAMS in order to decrease bleeding.
Implant-based breast cancer reconstruction with biological matric or synthetic mesh
Authors: A. Sukhotko, A.D. Zikiryahodjaev, M.V. Ermoshchenkova, I.M. Shirokih, A.Y. Tukmakov
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

Background: In recent years, considerable success has been achieved in complex and combined treatment of breast cancer (BC). Reconstructive plastic surgery plays an important role in the rehabilitation of patients with breast cancer and it is currently considered as the causal treatment of mental disorders caused by loss of femininity and integrity of one’s own body. One-step breast reconstruction for cancer treatment makes it possible to use supplementary materials – synthetic and biological implants that can replace muscle autografts and thereby reduce trauma, blood loss, operation time, they help to avoid the defect of donor areas. The authors describe the state of the art at present and demonstrate the results of their own research. Methods: From 2013 to 2018, 104 implant-based immediate reconstructive operations with mesh (N = 80) and ADM (N = 24) were performed in breast cancer patients after subcutaneous or skin-sparing, nipple-sparing mastectomies. The average age of patients is 47, 2 years old. Stage 0 of BC was diagnosed in 2% of patients, I – 30%, IIA – 33%, IIB – 16%, IIIA – 15%, IIIB – 2%, IIIC – 2%. Titanium meshes were used in 12 cases and polyester 3D meshes in 68 cases. The size of Implants ranged from 120 to 585 sm3. Results: Cosmetic result was rated as excellent in 67,3% cases, good in 19,2%, satisfactory in 7,7%, as very bad in 5,8%. The frequency of implant loss was 5,8% when titanium breast mesh was used and 0% with polyester mesh. Seroma was diagnosed in 1,9% when using pork ADM and 2,9% when using titanium mesh. Necrosis of a nipple was in 1,9% when using titanium mesh. Infection of the implant was recorded in 2,9% cases. A capsular contracture developed in 5,8% cases after radiotherapy. Conclusions: Biological and synthetic materials are significantly important options for breast reconstruction. They are adequate substitutes for autologous muscle flaps if the patients for the operation are properly select. Legal entity responsible for the study: The P.A. Herzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute – The Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «National Medical Radiological Research Center» at the Ministry of Health Care of the Russian Federation. Funding: Has not received any funding. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
LINKED COLOR IMAGING CONFERS BENEFITS IN PROFILING H. PYLORI INFECTION IN THE STOMACH
Authors: X Sun, Y Bi, D Hu, B Nong, X Sun, H Chen, Y Xu, X Liu, Y Liu
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

There is a high prevalence of helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. White light endoscopy (WLE) can be used for evaluating the mucosal lesions, but WLE does not have high diagnostic efficiency. Linked color imaging (LCI) is a newly developed endoscopic imaging technique. This study aimed to compare LCI with WLE in detecting and staging H. pylori infection in the stomach in a randomized controlled clinical trial.
Pharmacodynamic and Clinical Results from a Phase I/II Study of the HSP90 Inhibitor Onalespib in Combination with Abiraterone Acetate in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Susan Slovin, Syed Hussain, Fred Saad, Jorge Garcia, Joel Picus, Roberta Ferraldeschi, Mateus Crespo, Penelope Flohr, Ruth Riisnaes, Chihche Lin, Harold Keer, Aram Oganesian, Paul Workman, Johann de Bono
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2019)

Onalespib is a potent, fragment-derived second-generation HSP90 inhibitor with preclinical activity in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CPRC) models. This phase I/II trial evaluated onalespib in combination with abiraterone acetate (AA) and either prednisone or prednisolone (P) in men with CRPC progressing on AA/P.
Abstract 10882: Scaling to Lean Body Mass Accurately Classifies Abnormal LV Mass in Obese Children
Authors: Shahryar M Chowdhury, Melissa H Henshaw, Janet Carter, Tyler N Thomas, Andrew M Atz
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Scaling LV mass to BSA or height leads to inaccuracies in the diagnosis of LV hypertrophy in the obese pediatric population. Lean body mass (LBM) is free of the scaling biases seen with BSA and height. Our objectives were to 1) validate predictive equations for LBM, 2) determine the ideal scaling variable for LV mass, and 3) compare the diagnostic accuracy of predicted LBM (LBMp), BSA, and height in detecting abnormal LV mass in obese children. Methods: Obese subjects ages 4 to 21 were recruited prospectively. Height, weight, sex, race and body mass index z-score were used to calculate LBMp. LV mass was measured by echocardiography. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure LBM (LBMm). Bland-Altman plots were used to assess agreement between LBMp and LBMm. Linear regression was performed to assess the ideal scaling variable for LV mass. Centile curves of LV mass vs. LBMm as the reference-standard were compared with curves derived from LBMp, BSA, and height 2.7 to assess their accuracy in detecting elevated LV mass. Results: 309 subjects were enrolled for predictive equation validation, 195 had echocardiography performed. Mean age was 11.8 ± 3.4 years. The mean difference between LBMp and LBMm was 1.5% (95% limits of agreement: -16.5%, 19.4%). LBMm had the strongest relationship with LV mass (R 2 = 0.83, p &lt; 0.01) compared to LBMp (R 2 = 0.81, p &lt; 0.01), BSA (R 2 = 0.77, p &lt; 0.01), and height 2.7 (R 2 = 0.67, p &lt; 0.01). Of the clinically derived variables, LBMp was the only measure to retain a relationship with LV mass upon multivariable regression (partial r = 0.89). LBMp was the most accurate scaling variable in detecting LV hypertrophy (PPV = 85.7%, NPV = 99.3%) compared to BSA and height 2.7 . Conclusions: LBM predictive equations are accurate in obese children. LBM is the strongest predictor of LV mass in obese children. LBMp is the most accurate anthropometric scaling variable for LV mass in LV hypertrophy detection. LBMp should be considered for widespread clinical use as the body size correcting variable for LV mass in obese children.
Imbalanced mitochondrial function provokes heterotaxy via aberrant ciliogenesis
Authors: Martin D. Burkhalter, Arthi Sridhar, Pedro Sampaio, Raquel Jacinto, Martina S. Burczyk, Cornelia Donow, Max Angenendt, Maja Hempel, Paul Walther, Petra Pennekamp, Heymut Omran, Susana S. Lopes, Stephanie M. Ware, Melanie Philipp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2019)

About 1% of all newborns are affected by congenital heart disease (CHD). Recent findings identify aberrantly functioning cilia as a possible source for CHD. Faulty cilia also prevent the development of proper left-right asymmetry and cause heterotaxy, the incorrect placement of visceral organs. Intriguingly, signaling cascades such as mTOR that influence mitochondrial biogenesis also affect ciliogenesis, and can cause heterotaxy-like phenotypes in zebrafish. Here, we identify levels of mitochondrial function as a determinant for ciliogenesis and a cause for heterotaxy. We detected reduced mitochondrial DNA content in biopsies of heterotaxy patients. Manipulation of mitochondrial function revealed a reciprocal influence on ciliogenesis and affected cilia-dependent processes in zebrafish, human fibroblasts and Tetrahymena thermophila. Exome analysis of heterotaxy patients revealed an increased burden of rare damaging variants in mitochondria-associated genes as compared with 1000 Genome controls. Knock down of such candidate genes caused cilia elongation and ciliopathy-like phenotypes in zebrafish, which could not be rescued by RNA encoding damaging rare variants identified in heterotaxy patients. Our findings suggest that ciliogenesis is coupled to the abundance and function of mitochondria. Our data further reveal disturbed mitochondrial function as an underlying cause for heterotaxy-linked CHD and provide a mechanism for unexplained phenotypes of mitochondrial disease.
T cell receptor β repertoires as novel diagnostic markers for systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Xiao Liu, Wei Zhang, Ming Zhao, Longfei Fu, Limin Liu, Jinghua Wu, Shuangyan Luo, Longlong Wang, Zijun Wang, Liya Lin, Yan Liu, Shiyu Wang, Yang Yang, Lihua Luo, Juqing Jiang, Xie Wang, Yixin Tan, Tao Li, Bochen Zhu, Yi Zhao, Xiaofei Gao, Ziyun Wan, Cancan Huang, Mingyan Fang, Qianwen Li, Huanhuan Peng, Xiangping Liao, Jinwei Chen, Fen Li, Guanghui Ling, Hongjun Zhao, Hui Luo, Zhongyuan Xiang, Jieyue Liao, Yu Liu, Heng Yin, Hai Long, Haijing Wu, huanming Yang, Jian Wang, Qianjin Lu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

T cell receptor (TCR) diversity determines the autoimmune responses in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is closely associated with autoimmune diseases prognosis and prevention. However, the characteristics of variations in TCR diversity and their clinical significance is still unknown. Large series of patients must be studied in order to elucidate the effects of these variations.Peripheral blood from 877 SLE patients, 206 RA patients and 439 healthy controls (HC) were amplified for the TCR repertoire and sequenced using a high-throughput sequencer. We have developed a statistical model to identify disease-associated TCR clones and diagnose autoimmune diseases.Significant differences were identified in variable (V), joining (J) and V-J pairing between the SLE or RA and HC groups. These differences can be utilised to discriminate the three groups with perfect accuracy (V: area under receiver operating curve > 0.99). One hundred ninety-eight SLE-associated and 53 RA-associated TCRs were identified and used for diseases classification by cross validation with high specificity and sensitivity. Disease-associated clones showed common features and high similarity between both autoimmune diseases. SLE displayed higher TCR heterogeneity than RA with several organ specific properties. Furthermore, the association between clonal expansion and the concentration of disease-associated clones with disease severity were identified, and pathogen-related TCRs were enriched in both diseases.These characteristics of the TCR repertoire, particularly the disease-associated clones, can potentially serve as biomarkers and provide novel insights for disease status and therapeutical targets in autoimmune diseases.
Abstract 18760: Evaluation of a Web-based Cardiac Pain Knowledge Dissemination Platform Fueled by Social Media
Authors: Michael McGillion, Sandra L Carroll, E Marc Jolicoeur, Sheila O'Keefe-McCarthy, Louise Pilote, Heather Arthur
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: The prevalence of persistent cardiac pain-related conditions is on the rise. Increasingly prevalent forms of persistent cardiac pain include refractory angina, cardiac syndrome X and functional cardiac pain syndromes. Our aim was to disseminate a web-based, multi-media resource centre, CardiacPain.Net, as a prototype for large-scale knowledge dissemination and educational outreach in partnership with Elsevier. Methods: Multi-media design features included open access published resources, narrated video, roundtable discussions, downloadable fact sheets, and an asynchronous discussion forum. Accreditation for continuing medical education (Canada and United States) was secured to maximize incentive for end-user uptake. Dissemination strategies included opt-in email blasts to Elsevier subscribers (n= 27,000) every 3 months, e-banner advertising, and mass social media via Twitter. Standard dissemination metrics included total site visits and components visited and downloaded. Customized metrics included unique and return visitor rates, bounce rate, stream views, and geo-targeting. All metrics were analyzed in aggregate and examined for outliers and monthly trends. Interrupted time series analysis with an autoregressive structure was used to examine immediate impact of social media on 12-month dissemination metrics. Results: CardiacPain.Net reached end users in 132 countries across 5 continents. A total of 7,066 unique visitors were engaged and resources were viewed and downloaded 13,629 times. The monthly return visitor and bounce rates were 30% and 50%, respectively. Average time spent on multi-media presentations was 14.5 minutes. Twitter constituted 66% of all total social media engagement; 62% of Twitter users were female. Interrupted time series analyses revealed that Twitter outreach significantly increased end user sessions, number of users, and page views (p&lt; 0.001). Twitter did not affect proportion of new users monthly or website navigation behavior. Conclusions: Results suggest that as a large-scale knowledge dissemination and online cardiac educational outreach prototype, CardiacPain.Net is far reaching and capable of sustained engagement of an international-scale audience.
Evolution of Gene Expression during a Transition from Environmental to Genetic Sex Determination
Authors: Cécile Molinier, Céline M O Reisser, Peter D Fields, Adeline Ségard, Yan Galimov, Christoph R Haag
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2019)

Genetic sex determination (GSD) can evolve from environmental sex determination (ESD) via an intermediate state in which both coexist in the same population. Such mixed populations are found in the crustacean Daphnia magna, where non-male producers (NMP, genetically determined females) coexist with male producers (MP), in which male production is environmentally inducible and can also artificially be triggered by exposure to juvenile hormone. This makes Daphnia magna a rare model species for the study of evolutionary transitions from ESD to GSD. Although the chromosomal location of the NMP-determining mutation has been mapped, the actual genes and pathways involved in the evolution of GSD from ESD remain unknown. Here, we present a transcriptomic analysis of MP and NMP females under control (female producing) and under hormone exposure conditions. We found ∼100 differentially expressed genes between MP and NMP under control conditions. Genes in the NMP-determining chromosome region were especially likely to show such constitutive expression differences. Hormone exposure led to expression changes of an additional ∼100 (MP) to ∼600 (NMP) genes, with an almost systematic upregulation of those genes in NMP. These observations suggest that the NMP phenotype is not determined by a simple "loss-of-function" mutation. Rather, homeostasis of female offspring production under hormone exposure appears to be an active state, tightly regulated by complex mechanisms involving many genes. In a broader view, this illustrates that the evolution of GSD, while potentially initiated by a single mutation, likely leads to secondary integration involving many genes and pathways.
COMFORT: IN THE EYE OF THE BEHOLDER?
Authors: M Hussey, C Moran, G Harkin, N McGettigan, A O'Toole, G Harewood, K Boland, D Cheriyan, S Patchett
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Patient comfort score is a recognised key performance indicator in the delivery of colonoscopy. Limited data exists regarding the degree of agreement between endoscopy staff and patients regarding comfort level during colonoscopy.