AB0984 Cadmium toxicity as a probable cause of smoking induced bone loss
Authors: A.A. Elbeialy, H.A. Eldosouky
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

<h3>Background:</h3> Cigarette smoking supposed to be a risk factor for osteoporosis. There is an inverse relationship between smoking and both bone mass and fracture risk. Tobacco smoking is the most important single source of cadmium exposure in the general population. The absorption of cadmium from the lungs is much more effective than that from the gut. <h3>Objectives:</h3> This study was designed to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking on bone mineral density, due to cadmium toxicity. <h3>Methods:</h3> this study was carried on 100 persons, selected from AL-Azhar university hospital and divided into three groups: group I: included 40 persons with active smokers; group II: included 40 persons with passive smokers and group III included 20 nonsmokers. All persons were subjected to full history taking, thorough clinical examination, routine lab tests, serum and urinary cadmium and lead, and bone mineral density was measured by DEXA. <h3>Results:</h3> Serum and urinary cadmium and lead were statistically significantly higher in group I in comparison to groups II or III and in group II in comparison to group III. Also, there was statistically significant decrease of BMD in group I in comparison to either group II or group III and in group II in comparison to group III. There was an inverse statistically significant correlation between serum and urinary cadmium and bone mineral density. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Results of the present study revealed that: there are harmful effects of smoking on the bone mineral density and it may be occurred by direct (increased blood and urinary levels of both cadmium and lead) or indirect effects (effects of both renal and liver functions) of cadmium and lead. <h3>References</h3> [1] Aoshima K, Katoh T, Kasuya M. Renal effects of environmental exposure to cadmium in middle-aged population of Jinzu River basin in Toyama, Japan: 2000–2002 study. Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi2006;61:69–80. [2] Bernard A. Cadmium&amp; its adverse effects on human health. Indian J Med Res2008; 128:557–64. [3] Bhattacharyya MH. Cadmium Osteotoxicity in Experimental Animals: Mechanisms and Relationship to Human Exposures. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol2009; 238(3): 258–265. [4] Hapidin H, Othman F, Soelaiman IN, Shuid AN, Luke DA, Mohamed N: Negative effects of nicotine on bone-resorbing cytokines and bone histomorphometric parameters in male rats. J Bone Miner Metab2007, 25(2):93–8. [5] Noël L, Huynh-Delerme C, Guérin T, Huet H, Frémy JM, Kolf-Clauw M. Cadmium accumulation and interactions with zinc, copper, and manganese, analysed by ICP-MS in a long-term Caco-2 TC7 cell model. Biometals. 2006; 19(5):473–81. [6] Satarug S. Long-term exposure to cadmium in food and cigarette smoke, liver effectsand hepatocellular carcinoma. Curr Drug Metab. 2012Mar; 13(3):257–71. [7] Schutte R, Nawrot TS, Richart T, Thijs L, Vanderschueren D, Kuznetsova T, Van Hecke E, Roels HA, Staessen JA. Bone Resorption and Environmental Exposure to Cadmium in Women: A Population Study. Environ Health Perspect2008; 116:777–783. [8] Tamaki J, Iki M, Fujita Y, Kouda K, Yura A, Kadowaki E, Sato Y, Moon JS, Tomioka K, Okamoto N, Kurumatani N: Impact of smoking on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in elderly men: the Fujiwara-kyo Osteoporosis Risk in Men (FORMEN) study. Osteoporos Int2010, 22(1):133–141. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared