tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Nanopillar Array for an Implantable Intraocular Lens
Authors: Goro Choi, Younseong Song, Hyungjun Lim, Song Ha Lee, Hyung Keun Lee, Eunjung Lee, Bong Gill Choi, Jae Jong Lee, Sung Gap Im, Kyoung G. Lee
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Postsurgical intraocular lens (IOL) infection caused by pathogenic bacteria can result in blindness and often requires a secondary operation to replace the contaminated lens. The incorporation of an antibacterial property onto the IOL surface can prevent bacterial infection and postoperative endophthalmitis. This study describes a polymeric nanopillar array (NPA) integrated onto an IOL, which captures and eradicates the bacteria by rupturing the bacterial membrane. This is accomplished by changing the behavior of the elastic nanopillars using bending, restoration, and antibacterial surface modification. The combination of the polymer coating and NPA dimensions can decrease the adhesivity of corneal endothelial cells and posterior capsule opacification without causing cytotoxicity. An ionic antibacterial polymer layer is introduced onto an NPA using an initiated chemical vapor deposition process. This improves bacterial membrane rupture efficiency by increasing the interactions between the bacteria and nanopillars and damages the bacterial membrane using quaternary ammonium compounds. The newly developed ionic polymer‐coated NPA exceeds 99% antibacterial efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus , which is achieved through topological and physicochemical surface modification. Thus, this paper provides a novel, efficient strategy to prevent postoperative complications related to bacteria contamination of IOL after cataract surgery.
Response to: ‘‘2019 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus’ by Aringer<i>et al</i>’ by Cui<i>et al</i>
Authors: Martin Aringer, Karen H Costenbader, Thomas Dörner, Sindhu R Johnson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Dear Sir,

In their letter,1 Dr Cui and colleagues include two interesting thoughts. Primarily, they argue, illustrated by one case, that gastrointestinal (GI) involvement may be more common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) than usually thought. This thought is to some degree supported by the patient survey performed within the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)/ American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria project, in which we noted that more than 5% of the patients reported GI symptoms at the time of their SLE diagnosis,2 even though …
Cumberlege review exposes stubborn and dangerous flaws in healthcare
Authors: Helen Haskell
Journal: BMJ (2020)

With the recent advent of RNA-seq technology the proteomics community has begun to generate sample-specific protein databases for peptide and protein identification, an approach we call proteomics informed by transcriptomics (PIT). This approach has gained a lot of interest, particularly among researchers who work with nonmodel organisms or with particularly dynamic proteomes such as those observed in developmental biology and host-pathogen studies. PIT has been shown to improve coverage of known proteins, and to reveal potential novel gene products. However, many groups are impeded in their use of PIT by the complexity of the required data analysis. Necessarily, this analysis requires complex integration of a number of different software tools from at least two different communities, and because PIT has a range of biological applications a single software pipeline is not suitable for all use cases. To overcome these problems, we have created GIO, a software system that uses the well-established Galaxy platform to make PIT analysis available to the typical bench scientist via a simple web interface. Within GIO we provide workflows for four common use cases: a standard search against a reference proteome; PIT protein identification without a reference genome; PIT protein identification using a genome guide; and PIT genome annotation. These workflows comprise individual tools that can be reconfigured and rearranged within the web interface to create new workflows to support additional use cases.
Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and the Risk of Below-Knee Amputation: A Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Oriana Hoi Yun Yu, Sophie Dell’Aniello, Baiju R. Shah, Vanessa C. Brunetti, Jean-Marc Daigle, Michael Fralick, Antonios Douros, Nianping Hu, Silvia Alessi-Severini, Anat Fisher, Shawn C. Bugden, Paul E. Ronksley, Kristian B. Filion, Pierre Ernst, Lisa M. Lix, Samy Suissa, Colin R. Dormuth, Brenda R. Hemmelgarn, Jacqueline Quail, Dan Chateau, J. Michael Paterson, Jacques LeLorier, Adrian R. Levy, Pierre Ernst, Kristian B. Filion, Lisa M. Lix, Robert W. Platt, Ingrid S. Sketris
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

OBJECTIVE Reports of amputations associated with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been inconsistent. We aimed to compare the risk of below-knee amputation with SGLT2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors among patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This multicenter observational study used administrative health care databases from seven Canadian provinces and the U.K. Incident SGLT2 inhibitor users were matched to DPP-4 inhibitor users using a prevalent new-user design and time-conditional propensity scores. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate site-specific adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% CIs of incident below-knee amputation for SGLT2 inhibitor versus DPP-4 inhibitor users. Random effects meta-analyses were used to pool the site-specific results. RESULTS The study cohort included 207,817 incident SGLT2 inhibitor users matched to 207,817 DPP-4 inhibitor users. During a mean exposed follow-up time of 11 months, the amputation rate was 1.3 per 1,000 person-years among SGLT2 inhibitor users and 1.5 per 1,000 person-years among DPP-4 inhibitor users. The adjusted HR of below-knee amputations associated with SGLT2 inhibitor use compared with DPP-4 inhibitor use was 0.88 (95% CI 0.71–1.09). Similar results were obtained in stratified analyses by specific SGLT2 inhibitor molecule. CONCLUSIONS In this large multicenter observational study, there was no association between SGLT2 inhibitor use and incident below-knee amputations among patients with type 2 diabetes compared with DPP-4 inhibitor use. While these findings provide some reassurance, studies with a longer duration of follow-up are needed to assess potential long-term effects.
Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Associations Between Four Common Cancers and Disability
Authors: Lisa I. Iezzoni, Sowmya R. Rao, Nicole D. Agaronnik, Areej El-Jawahri
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2020)

Background: Approximately 61 million Americans have a disability. Little research has explored whether disability is associated with subsequent diagnosis of cancer, the second-leading cause of death in the United States. The objective of this study was to explore associations between cancer and disability, focusing on 4 cancers that may present with nonspecific symptoms that could be conflated with aspects of disability, thus delaying cancer diagnoses. An analysis of a nationally representative survey using sampling weights to produce national estimates was performed. Methods: Civilian, noninstitutionalized US residents responding to the 2010–2017 National Health Interview Surveys totaling 259,392 Sample Adult Core survey respondents were included. We used self-reported functional status limitations to identify persons with movement difficulties (MD), complex activity limitations (CAL), and no disability. Multivariable regressions predicting cancer diagnosis included sociodemographic characteristics, tobacco use, body mass index, access to care indicators, and disability status. Results: Persons with preexisting disability had significantly higher rates of cancer (ranging from 0.40 [SE, 0.05] for ovarian to 3.38 [0.14] for prostate) than did those without disability (0.20 [0.02] and 1.26 [0.04] for the same cancers; all P &lt;.0001). Multivariable analyses found strong associations of preexisting MD and CAL with colorectal cancer, with adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of 1.5 (95% CI, 1.2–1.9) and 1.9 (1.5–2.4), respectively. For non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, the aOR for CAL was 1.5 (1.1–2.1). For prostate cancer, aORs for MD were 1.2 (1.0–1.3) and 1.1 (1.0–1.3) for CAL. Using cross-sectional survey data, we could only identify statistical associations, not causality. Conclusions: Our population-based analyses suggest that persons with disability may constitute a high-risk population, with higher cancer incidence. Optimizing appropriate screening and fully investigating new signs and symptoms are therefore critical for patients with disability.
Abstract B17: A <i>C19MC</i>-LIN28A-MYCN oncogenic circuit driven by hijacked super-enhancers is a distinct therapeutic vulnerability in ETMRs—a lethal brain tumor
Authors: Iqra Mumal, Patrick Sin-Chan, Tannu Suwal, Irtisha Singh, Xiao-Nan Li, Charles Lin, Stephen Mack, Jeremy Rich, Annie Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes (ETMRs) are distinctly challenging brain tumors of infants and very young children, with characteristic rapid progression and only 10-20% overall survival. ETMRs have characteristic amplification of Chr19q13.41 miRNA cluster (C19MC) and enrichment of pluripotency factor LIN28A. Since the discovery of C19MC, an embryonic stem cell-enriched, primate specific miRNA cluster, as a disease marker of ETMR, there has been limited progress in biologic and therapeutic understanding of this disease. In prior studies we demonstrated single C19MC oncomiRs promotes oncogenesis and inhibit neural differentiation, yet the specific mechanisms of C19MC remains unclear. Here we show expression of 5-C19MC oncomiRs cooperatively inhibits multiple cell cycle checkpoint tumor suppressors to drive cellular proliferation. We further show that C19MC oncomiRs activate a potent oncogenic circuit by upregulating MYCN and LIN28A via downregulation of RNA binding protein, Tristetraprolin. Using RNA-IP analyses, we uncovered epigenetic regulators as major targets of LIN28A and showed that LIN28A directly regulates expression of embryonic-neural DNMT3A2 and DNMT3B6 isoforms. Deep epigenetic mapping on primary tumors revealed high DNA-DNA interactions and enhancer hijacking focused on MYCN. We also discovered tumors with TTYH1-C19MC gene fusions harbored a novel hybrid super-enhancer. Lastly, super-enhancer analysis revealed MYCN/MAZ as major transcriptional regulators and that treatment with a potent MYCN and bromodomain inhibitor JQ-1 inhibited proliferation of primary cells. Collectively, our data reveal that tumor-specific genomic and epigenomic alterations of C19MC entrap and drive multiple feed-forward loops to fuel a potent C19MC-LIN28A-MYCN oncogenic circuit, that can be powerfully abrogated by bromodomain inhibitors. Our findings underscore C19MC as a critical oncogene in ETMRs and provide critical therapeutic insights and a framework for developing high-fidelity models for this orphan disease. Citation Format: Iqra Mumal, Patrick Sin-Chan, Tannu Suwal, Irtisha Singh, Xiao-Nan Li, Charles Lin, Stephen Mack, Jeremy Rich, Annie Huang. A C19MC-LIN28A-MYCN oncogenic circuit driven by hijacked super-enhancers is a distinct therapeutic vulnerability in ETMRs—a lethal brain tumor [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 17-20; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(14 Suppl):Abstract nr B17.
Age-specific SARS-CoV-2 infection fatality ratio and associated risk factors, Italy, February to April 2020
Authors: Piero Poletti, Marcello Tirani, Danilo Cereda, Filippo Trentini, Giorgio Guzzetta, Valentina Marziano, Sabrina Buoro, Simona Riboli, Lucia Crottogini, Raffaella Piccarreta, Alessandra Piatti, Giacomo Grasselli, Alessia Melegaro, Maria Gramegna, Marco Ajelli, Stefano Merler
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

We analyzed 5,484 close contacts of COVID-19 cases from Italy, all of them tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We found an infection fatality ratio of 2.2% (95%CI 1.69-2.81%) and identified male sex, age >70 years, cardiovascular comorbidities, and infection early in the epidemics as risk factors for death.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastrojejunostomy as a rescue therapy for gastric outlet obstruction in a patient with multiple previous procedures
Authors: Enrique Pérez-Cuadrado-Robles, Guillaume Perrod, Hédi Benosman, Emilia Ragot, Claire Gallois, Christophe Cellier, Gabriel Rahmi
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) is a new minimally invasive alternative for palliation of malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) [1] [2]. However, data are lacking about its feasibility and safety in patients with previous EUS-guided biliary procedures or surgical jejunostomy.
Errors in Trial of Effect of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on Time to Clinical Improvement in Patients With Severe and Life-threatening COVID-19
Authors: Zhong Liu
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Impact of bystander-focused public health interventions on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and survival: a cohort study
Authors: Audrey L Blewer, Andrew Fu Wah Ho, Nur Shahidah, Alexander Elgin White, Pin Pin Pek, Yih Yng Ng, Desmond Renhao Mao, Ling Tiah, Michael Yih-Chong Chia, Benjamin Sieu-Hon Leong, Si Oon Cheah, Lai Peng Tham, Jade Phek Hui Kua, Shalini Arulanandam, Truls Østbye, Hayden B Bosworth, Marcus Eng Hock Ong
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2020)

BackgroundBystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) increases an individual's chance of survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), but the frequency of bystander CPR is low in many communities. We aimed to assess the cumulative effect of CPR-targeted public health interventions in Singapore, which were incrementally introduced between 2012 and 2016.MethodsWe did a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of adult, non-traumatic OHCAs, through the Singapore registry. National interventions introduced during this time included emergency services interventions, as well as dispatch-assisted CPR (introduced on July 1, 2012), a training programme for CPR and automated external defibrillators (April 1, 2014), and a first responder mobile application (myResponder; April 17, 2015). Using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression, we modelled the likelihood of receiving bystander CPR with the increasing number of interventions, accounting for year as a random effect.FindingsThe Singapore registry contained 11 465 OHCA events between Jan 1, 2011, and Dec 31, 2016. Paediatric arrests, arrests witnessed by emergency medical services, and healthcare-facility arrests were excluded, and 6788 events were analysed. Bystander CPR was administered in 3248 (48%) of 6788 events. Compared with no intervention, likelihood of bystander CPR was not significantly altered by the addition of emergency medical services interventions (odds ratio [OR] 1·33 [95% CI 0·98–1·79]; p=0·065), but increased with implementation of dispatch-assisted CPR (3·72 [2·84–4·88]; p<0·0001), with addition of the CPR and automated external defibrillator training programme (6·16 [4·66–8·14]; p<0·0001), and with addition of the myResponder application (7·66 [5·85–10·03]; p<0·0001). Survival to hospital discharge increased after the addition of all interventions, compared with no intervention (OR 3·10 [95% CI 1·53–6·26]; p<0·0001).InterpretationNational bystander-focused public health interventions were associated with an increased likelihood of bystander CPR, and an increased survival to hospital discharge. Understanding the combined impact of public health interventions might improve strategies to increase the likelihood of bystander CPR, and inform targeted initiatives to improve survival from OHCA.FundingNational Medical Research Council, Clinician Scientist Award, Singapore and Ministry of Health, Health Services Research Grant, Singapore.
Abstract 15858: Impact of Facilities Accredited by Both Adult and Paediatric Cardiology Societies on the Outcome of Patients With Adult Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Atsushi Mizuno, Koichiro Niwa, Ryota Ochiai, Isao Shiraishi, Yoko Sumita, Terunobu Fukuda, Yoshihiro Miyamoto, Kunihiro Nishimura, Hisao Ogawa, Satoshi Yasuda
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: The emerging burden and needs of hospital admissions owing to adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) might exceed the capacity of tertiary ACHD referral centres. However, the impact of t...
Assessing Expression of PD-L1 in Tumor-Associated Macrophages
Authors: Jia Zhang, Junke Fu, Guangjian Zhang
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Endoscopic management of acute anastomotic leakage after low colorectal anastomosis with cyanoacrylate bioglue (Glubran 2)
Authors: Diego Ramos, Enrique Vázquez-Sequeiros, Pedro Abadía, Juan D. Pina, Irene Moreno, Javier Die Trill, Juan C. García Pérez
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Although acute anastomotic leakage following low anterior resections occurs at a significant rate (up to 15 % of cases), and represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality, there is no general consensus among surgeons and endoscopists on how best to treat it. In cases of high-flow peritoneal leak, surgery is the only choice; but for low-flow leaks, which lead to abscess formation, there are many different options, including minimally invasive treatment choices such as endoscopic clips (like over-the-scope clips) to close the internal ostium of the fistula, stenting, or the use of tissue glues such as fibrin or cyanoacrylate sealants.
Multiple cereblon genetic changes are associated with acquired resistance to lenalidomide or pomalidomide in multiple myeloma
Authors: Sarah Gooding, Naser Ansari-Pour, Fadi Towfic, María Ortiz Estévez, Philip P. Chamberlain, Kao-Tai Tsai, Erin Flynt, Marissa Hirst, Dan Rozelle, Paula Dhiman, Paola Neri, Karthik Ramasamy, Nizar Bahlis, Paresh Vyas, Anjan Thakurta
Journal: Blood (2020)
Helmet CPAP treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: a multicentre cohort study
Authors: Stefano Aliberti, Dejan Radovanovic, Filippo Billi, Giovanni Sotgiu, Matteo Costanzo, Tommaso Pilocane, Laura Saderi, Andrea Gramegna, Angelo Rovellini, Luca Perotto, Valter Monzani, Pierachille Santus, Francesco Blasi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia can develop hypoxaemic acute respiratory failure (hARF) with the need for positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). The administration of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) through a helmet improves oxygenation and avoids intubation [1, 2]. A European consensus document suggests that helmet CPAP should be the first therapeutic choice for hARF caused by COVID-19 pneumonia, mainly for minimising aerosol generation [3–5]. However, recommendations are based on experts' opinion and consider only evidence obtained in critically ill COVID-19 patients [3]. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign does not recommend the administration of CPAP for the initial management of severe COVID-19 [6]. Helmet CPAP treatment fails in up to 44% of patients with moderate-to-severe hypoxaemic acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 pneumonia <https://bit.ly/3g7FAB8> The authors would like to acknowledge the support of all the pulmonologists, respiratory fellows, nurses and respiratory physiotherapists of the COVID-19 HDUs of the Policlinico and Luigi Sacco Hospitals in Milan, Italy.