tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Pregnant Women — United States, 2014–15 Influenza Season
Authors: Helen Ding, Carla L. Black, Sarah Ball, Sara Donahue, Rebecca V. Fink, Walter W. Williams, Erin D. Kennedy, Carolyn B. Bridges, Peng-Jun Lu, Katherine E. Kahn, Anna K Dean, Lisa A. Grohskopf, Indu B. Ahluwalia, Rebecca Devlin, Charles DiSogra, Deborah K. Walker, Stacie M. Greby
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2015)

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends annual influenza vaccination for all health care personnel (HCP) to reduce influenza-related morbidity and mortality among both HCP and their patients and to decrease absenteeism among HCP (1-5).To estimate influenza vaccination coverage among U.S. HCP for the 2014-15 influenza season, CDC conducted an opt-in Internet panel survey of 1,914 HCP during March 31-April 15, 2015.Overall, 77.3% of HCP survey participants reported receiving an influenza vaccination during the 2014-15 season, similar to the 75.2% coverage among HCP reported for the 2013-14 season (6).Vaccination coverage was highest among HCP working in hospitals (90.4%) and lowest among HCP working in longterm care (LTC) settings (63.9%).By occupation, coverage was highest among pharmacists (95.3%) and lowest among assistants and aides (64.4%).Influenza vaccination coverage was highest among HCP who were required by their employer to be vaccinated (96.0%).Among HCP without an employer requirement for vaccination, coverage was higher for HCP working in settings where vaccination was offered on-site at no cost for 1 day (73.6%) or multiple days (83.9%) and lowest among HCP working in settings where vaccine was neither required, promoted, nor offered on-site (44.0%).Comprehensive vaccination strategies that include making vaccine available at no cost at the workplace along with active promotion of vaccination might help increase vaccination coverage among HCP and reduce the risk for influenza to HCP and their patients (1,6,7).The opt-in Internet panel survey was conducted for CDC by Abt Associates, Inc. (Cambridge, Massachusetts) during March 31-April 15, 2015, to provide estimates of influenza vaccination coverage among HCP during the 2014-15 influenza season.Two preexisting national opt-in Internet sources were used to recruit HCP for the survey.Professional clinical HCP (physicians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, nurses, dentists, pharmacists, allied health professionals, technicians, and technologists) were recruited from the current membership roster of Medscape, a medical website managed by WebMD Health Professional Network.*Medscape's terms of service explicitly permit WebMD Professional Network to contact members about programming, including survey research; members receive an honorarium for completing surveys.HCP in other occupations (e.g., assistants,
Clinical and Morphologic Predictors of Outcome in a Multicenter Cohort of ITP Patients Treated with Trombopoietin Analogues
Authors: Bruno Fattizzo, Raffaella Pasquale, Monica Carpenedo, Silvia Cantoni, Giuseppe Auteri, Doriana Gramegna, Mariella D'adda, Mariasanta Napolitano, Marco Ruggeri, Sergio Siragusa, Giuseppe Rossi, Nicola Vianelli, Wilma Barcellini
Journal: Blood (2018)
Long-term Follow-up of Antibiotics vs Surgery for Appendicitis
Authors: Tianfeng Ma, Wendi Hu, Chenyang Qiu
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Including the Nordic hamstring exercise in injury prevention programmes halves the rate of hamstring injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 8459 athletes
Authors: Nicol van Dyk, Fearghal P Behan, Rod Whiteley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2019)

Research question Does the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) prevent hamstring injuries when included as part of an injury prevention intervention? Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies We considered the population to be any athletes participating in any sporting activity, the intervention to be the NHE, the comparison to be usual training or other prevention programmes, which did not include the NHE, and the outcome to be the incidence or rate of hamstring injuries. Analysis The effect of including the NHE in injury prevention programmes compared with controls on hamstring injuries was assessed in 15 studies that reported the incidence across different sports and age groups in both women and men. Data sources MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL via Ebsco, and OpenGrey. Results There is a reduction in the overall injury risk ratio of 0.49 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.74, p=0.0008) in favour of programmes including the NHE. Secondary analyses when pooling the eight randomised control studies demonstrated a small increase in the overall injury risk ratio 0.52 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.85, p=0.0008), still in favour of the NHE. Additionally, when studies with a high risk of bias were removed (n=8), there is an increase of 0.06 in the risk ratio to 0.55 (95% CI 0.34 to 0.89, p=0.006). Conclusions Programmes that include the NHE reduce hamstring injuries by up to 51%. The NHE essentially halves the rate of hamstring injuries across multiple sports in different athletes. Trial registration number PROSPERO CRD42018106150.
The effects of phenoxodiol on apoptotic pathways in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Simon Mahoney, Sue Hisheh, David Brown, Graham Kelly, Michael Millward, Arun Dharmarajan
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

4675  Phenoxodiol is an isoflavone derivative that inhibits cell proliferation in human cancer cell lines including, ovarian, breast and prostate, and is 5-20 fold more potent than the similar flavanoid, Genistein. In ovarian cancer, resistance to Docetaxel, mediated via over-expression of anti-apoptotic molecules, is reversed by Phenoxodiol. Three prostate cell lines; LnCap, DU-145 and PC-3 were investigated to determine if Phenoxodiol affected apoptosis and its related signalling in prostate cancer. Phenoxodiol treatment was undertaken over 24 and 48 hour time points with 10μM and 30μM concentrations. Proliferation was determined using MTS assays while cell death was measured using 3’-end labelling and flow cytometry double staining with Annexin V and Propridium Iodide. To determine if Phenoxodiol affected key apoptotic signalling pathways, the expression of XIAP, Caspase-3, AIF, Bax and Bcl-xL was investigated using real time PCR and western blots. Exposure to Phenoxodiol significantly reduced proliferation in all three cell lines, with significant increases in apoptosis and necrosis in LnCap and DU145 cells and a significant increase in the necrosis of PC3 cells. Real time PCR data in DU-145 cells indicated significant changes expression of AIF, Bax and Caspase-3 while LnCap expressed significant change in AIF expression. Western blot analysis demonstrated significant changes in Bcl-x and XIAP protein levels and the absence of AIF and Bax in DU-145 cells. Both PC3 and LnCap cell lines demonstrated significant changes in Bcl-xL and AIF expression, while Bax also varied in the LnCap cells. Phenoxodiol clearly decreases cell proliferation and induces cell death. The apoptotic signalling pathways investigated do not indicate any commonality between the three cell lines and indicate that Phenoxodiol may induce cell arrest, resulting in cell death, through cell cycling pathways such as p21WAF1/CIP1. Concurrent treatment of DU-145 and PC3 cells with Phenoxodiol in 5μM, 10μM and 30μM concentrations enhances the effect of Docetaxel when used in 0.1nM, 1nM, 5nM, 10nM and 100nM concentrations. Potential mechanisms for this result are currently under investigation. Current results of this research support clinical development of Phenoxodiol treatment in prostate cancer, including in combination with Docetaxel.
The National Consortium of Resident Physician Organizations, 1997 Annual Forum
Authors: Charles J. Rainey
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Veterans Treated with R-CHOP for Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Compared to Neighboring Hospital: An Interesting Discovery for Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Jessica Trevino Jones, Manuel Ricardo Espinoza-Gutarra, Sushanth Kakarla, Michelle Janania Martinez, David Gregorio, Prathibha Surapaneni, Michael Mader, Zohra Nooruddin
Journal: Blood (2018)
Leveraging Existing Birth Defects Surveillance Infrastructure to Build Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Surveillance Systems — Illinois, New Mexico, and Vermont, 2015–2016
Authors: Jennifer N. Lind, Elizabeth C. Ailes, Caroline C. Alter, Jane E. Fornoff, Peggy Brozicevic, Luigi F. Garcia Saavedra, Laura E. Tomedi, Melissa Gambatese, Barbara Carroll, Lucia Orantes, Brennan Martin, Ashley A. Horne, Jennita Reefhuis
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2019)

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a drug withdrawal syndrome that can occur following prenatal exposure to opioids (1). NAS surveillance in the United States is based largely on diagnosis codes in hospital discharge data, without validation of these codes or case confirmation. During 2004-2014, reported NAS incidence increased from 1.5 to 8.0 per 1,000 U.S. hospital births (2), based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnosis codes identified in hospital discharge data, without case confirmation. However, little is known about how well these codes identify NAS or how the October 1, 2015, transition from ICD-9-CM to the tenth revision of ICD-CM (ICD-10-CM) codes affected estimated NAS incidence. This report describes a pilot project in Illinois, New Mexico, and Vermont to use birth defects surveillance infrastructure to obtain state-level, population-based estimates of NAS incidence among births in 2015 (all three states) and 2016 (Illinois) using hospital discharge records and other sources (varied by state) with case confirmation, and to evaluate the validity of NAS diagnosis codes used by each state. Wide variation in NAS incidence was observed across the three states. In 2015, NAS incidence for Illinois, New Mexico, and Vermont was 3.0, 7.5, and 30.8 per 1,000 births, respectively. Among evaluated diagnosis codes, those with the highest positive predictive values (PPVs) for identifying confirmed cases of NAS, based on a uniform case definition, were drug withdrawal syndrome in a newborn (ICD-9-CM code 779.5; state range = 58.6%-80.2%) and drug withdrawal, infant of dependent mother (ICD-10-CM code P96.1; state range = 58.5%-80.2%). The methods used to assess NAS incidence in this pilot project might help inform other states' NAS surveillance efforts.
Methylation-Based Biological Age and Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Jacob K Kresovich, Zongli Xu, Katie M O’Brien, Clarice R Weinberg, Dale P Sandler, Jack A Taylor
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2019)

Age is one of the strongest predictors of cancer, chronic disease, and mortality, but biological responses to aging differ among people. Epigenetic DNA modifications have been used to estimate "biological age," which may be a useful predictor of disease risk. We tested this hypothesis for breast cancer.Using a case-cohort approach, we measured baseline blood DNA methylation of 2764 women enrolled in the Sister Study, 1566 of whom subsequently developed breast cancer after an average of 6 years. Using three previously established methylation-based "clocks" (Hannum, Horvath, and Levine), we defined biological age acceleration for each woman by comparing her estimated biological age with her chronological age. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for breast cancer risk were estimated using Cox regression models. All statistical tests were two-sided.Each of the three clocks showed that biological age acceleration was statistically significantly associated with increased risk of developing breast cancer (5-year age acceleration, Hannum's clock: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00 to 1.21, P = .04; Horvath's clock: HR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.17, P = .04; Levine's clock: HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.23, P < .001). For Levine's clock, each 5-year acceleration in biological age corresponded with a 15% increase in breast cancer risk. Although biological age may accelerate with menopausal transition, age acceleration in premenopausal women independently predicted breast cancer. Case-only analysis suggested that, among women who develop breast cancer, increased age acceleration is associated with invasive cancer (odds ratio for invasive = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.98 to 1.22, P = .10).DNA methylation-based measures of biological age may be important predictors of breast cancer risk.
P163 Effect of high fat diet on systemic and local inflammation in the context of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis mouse models
Authors: HM Sauermilch, M-L Hülser, C Schreiyäck, Y Luo, A Bozec, G Schett, U Müller-Ladner, E Neumann
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

<h3>Career situation of first and presenting author</h3> Student for a master or a PhD. <h3>Introduction</h3> Adipocytokines are bioactive factors mainly produced by adipose tissue. Adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin and visfatin exert various important effects on energy homeostasis as well as immune responses. <h3>Objectives</h3> This work investigates the influence of obesity on systemic and local inflammation and adipokine expression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) mouse models at different time points. <h3>Methods</h3> The OA model (DMM, destabilization of the medial meniscus) was performed in C57Bl/6 mice fed with HFD (high fat diet) or ND (normal diet) prior to OA induction. In RA (CIA, collagen induced arthritis), DBA/1Rj mice were fed with the same diets prior to CIA induction. Mice were sacrificed to collect histological as well as serological data at 4, 6 and 8 weeks (DMM model) or at 4, 5.5 and 7 weeks (CIA model) after arthritis induction. Histological scoring for arthritis induction as well as assessment of a clinical score for the CIA model was performed. To evaluate the effects of HFD on adipokine levels, adiponectin, leptin and visfatin serum concentrations were measured together with the inflammation markers CRP and IL-6. Diet-induced systemic changes were analyzed using a fatty liver score and evaluation of crown-like structures (CLS) in adipose tissue. <h3>Results</h3> Induction of OA/RA could be successfully combined with obesity induced by HFD, shown by the histological destruction as well as increased fatty liver score and bodyweight. In DMM model, the number of CLS were significantly higher in the HFD group (0.2±0.16, n=7) compared to the ND group (5.2±0.98, n=8) but could not be observed in DBA/1Rj mice. However, CIA induction increased the number of CLS in HFD and especially in ND animals. Furthermore, CIA and DMM induction decreased systemic leptin levels significantly. Interestingly, even HFD-induced leptin was greatly reduced in CIA animals regarding leptin levels. Additionally, CIA induction increased significantly CRP levels in DBA/1Rj mice illustrating the inflammatory properties of CIA vs the DMM model. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The data show that OA is deteriorated by HFD, similar to the human organism. In the CIA model, HFD or ND mice showed no significant difference in histological CIA scoring. Based on the observed high numbers of CLS in CIA animals with ND and the strong reduction of leptin levels in CIA animals with HFD, we could also support the idea that CIA onset and severity are mainly obesity independent while OA (DMM) appears to be influenced by obesity. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared.
Trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder: children should be seen and heard
Authors: Michael A P Bloomfield
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2019)

Experiencing trauma in childhood and adolescence—crucial periods for our developing brains and self-identity—has long been recognised as a risk factor for the development of psychopathology. In The Lancet Psychiatry, Stephanie Lewis and colleagues1 present data from a twin-cohort study in England and Wales, the Environmental Risk study, with measures of trauma, psychopathology (including post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]), risk behaviours, and clinical service use. One of the many strengths of this study is the high rates of participation at follow-up.
Single-Step EUS-guided Pancreatic Pseudocyst Drainage using a Large Channel Linear Array Echoendoscope and Cystotome: Results in 10 Patients
Authors: S Ahlawat, A Charabaty Pishvaian, P Jackson, N Haddad
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background: EUS-guided transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst (PPC) has been reported with linear array echoendoscope; however, placement of larger stents (such as 10 French stent) was not feasible because of the limited diameter of the working channel until echoendoscopes with large working channel have become available. We describe a 1-step real time EUS-guided PPC drainage approach using a 3.8mm channel linear array echoendoscope (Pentax, Montvale, NJ) and cystotome (Wilson-Cook, Winston-Salem, NC).
Global cancer statistics, 2012
Authors: Lindsey A. Torre, Freddie Bray, Rebecca L. Siegel, Jacques Ferlay, Joannie Lortet‐Tieulent, Ahmedin Jemal
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2015)

Abstract Cancer constitutes an enormous burden on society in more and less economically developed countries alike. The occurrence of cancer is increasing because of the growth and aging of the population, as well as an increasing prevalence of established risk factors such as smoking, overweight, physical inactivity, and changing reproductive patterns associated with urbanization and economic development. Based on GLOBOCAN estimates, about 14.1 million new cancer cases and 8.2 million deaths occurred in 2012 worldwide. Over the years, the burden has shifted to less developed countries, which currently account for about 57% of cases and 65% of cancer deaths worldwide. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among males in both more and less developed countries, and has surpassed breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer death among females in more developed countries; breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death among females in less developed countries. Other leading causes of cancer death in more developed countries include colorectal cancer among males and females and prostate cancer among males. In less developed countries, liver and stomach cancer among males and cervical cancer among females are also leading causes of cancer death. Although incidence rates for all cancers combined are nearly twice as high in more developed than in less developed countries in both males and females, mortality rates are only 8% to 15% higher in more developed countries. This disparity reflects regional differences in the mix of cancers, which is affected by risk factors and detection practices, and/or the availability of treatment. Risk factors associated with the leading causes of cancer death include tobacco use (lung, colorectal, stomach, and liver cancer), overweight/obesity and physical inactivity (breast and colorectal cancer), and infection (liver, stomach, and cervical cancer). A substantial portion of cancer cases and deaths could be prevented by broadly applying effective prevention measures, such as tobacco control, vaccination, and the use of early detection tests. CA Cancer J Clin 2015;65: 87–108. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Deaths from rhesus haemolytic disease in England and Wales in 1978: accuracy of records and assessment of anti-D prophylaxis.
Authors: C Clarke, A G Whitfield
Journal: BMJ (1980)

from all over Britain) the design of the trial was based on that used by Hodgson et a1.2During the study, all patients having an abortion at one Advisory Service nursing home (other than those having simultaneous sterilisation) were given, under direct nursing supervision, either five 100 mg doxycycline capsules or five placebo capsules, two periods of placebo administration alternating with two similar periods of doxycycline.The nurses did not know the contents of the capsules.Patients were given leaflets explaining the nature of the trial and prepaid forms on which to report any complications, especially infection.They were also given a 24-hour telephone number for the same purpose.While it was not expected that reporting would be complete, there was no reason to suppose that the rate of reporting would differ significantly among the four periods.A total of 1519 patients were given doxycycline and 1431 placebo.In the placebo group, there were eight reported cases that seemed to include pelvic infection, compared with only one in the doxycycline group.This difference was significant at a confidence level of over 95 % (table; x2=4-37 using Yates's correction factor).Reported cases of pelvic infection in women having an abortion and given placebo or doxycycline after operation Abortion-Weeks Case Hospital infection Clinical pregnant No admission interval details at (days) abortion Placebo group (n = 1431) 1 Yes 2 Further curettage
Assessment of Changes in the Geographical Distribution of Opioid-Related Mortality Across the United States by Opioid Type, 1999-2016
Authors: Mathew V. Kiang, Sanjay Basu, Jarvis Chen, Monica J. Alexander
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

As the opioid epidemic evolves, it is vital to identify changes in the geographical distribution of opioid-related deaths, and the specific opioids to which those deaths are attributed, to ensure that federal and state public health interventions remain appropriately targeted.