tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Breakfast in the Classroom Initiative on Obesity in Urban School-aged Children
Authors: Heather M. Polonsky, Katherine W. Bauer, Jennifer O. Fisher, Adam Davey, Sandra Sherman, Michelle L. Abel, Alexandra Hanlon, Karen J. Ruth, Lauren C. Dale, Gary D. Foster
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2019)

<h3>Importance</h3> Serving breakfast in the classroom is promoted to increase participation in the federal School Breakfast Program. However, little is known about the effect of breakfast in the classroom on children's weight status. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the effect of a breakfast in the classroom initiative, which combined breakfast in the classroom with breakfast-specific nutrition education, on overweight and obesity among urban children in low-income communities. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A cluster-randomized clinical trial among 1362 fourth- through sixth-grade students from low-income urban communities across 2.5 years. Sixteen kindergarten through eighth grade Philadelphia public schools with universal breakfast participated. Participants were recruited in September 2013, and the intervention began in January 2014. Data analysis took place from April 1, 2018, to March 31, 2019. <h3>Interventions</h3> Intervention schools received a program that included breakfast in the classroom and breakfast-specific nutrition education. Control schools continued breakfast before school in the cafeteria and standard nutrition education. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary outcome was the combined incidence of overweight and obesity. Secondary outcomes included the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity, incidence and prevalence of obesity, changes in body mass index (BMI)<i>z</i>score, and School Breakfast Program participation. <h3>Results</h3> Among the 1362 students, mean (SD) age was 10.8 (0.96) years and 700 (51.4%) were female; 907 (66.6%) were black, 233 (17.1%) were Hispanic, 100 (7.3%) were white, 83 (6.1%) were Asian, and 39 were of multiple or other race/ethnicity. After 2.5 years, students in intervention schools had participated in the School Breakfast Program 53.8% of days, compared with 24.9% of days among students in control schools (β = 0.33; 95% CI, 0.24-0.42). There was no difference between intervention and control schools in the combined incidence of overweight and obesity after 2.5 years (11.7% vs 9.1%; odds ratio [OR] 1.42; 95% CI, 0.82-2.44;<i>P</i> = .21). However, the incidence (11.6% vs 4.4%; OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.87-5.73) and prevalence (28.0% vs 21.2%; OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.08-1.89) of obesity were higher in intervention schools than in control schools after 2.5 years. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> A breakfast in the classroom initiative increased participation in the School Breakfast Program and did not affect the combined incidence of overweight and obesity. However, the initiative had an unintended consequence of increasing incident and prevalent obesity. Further research is needed to identify approaches to increase participation in the School Breakfast Program that do not increase obesity among students. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT01924130
China’s response to the rising stroke burden
Authors: Zixiao Li, Yong Jiang, Hao Li, Ying Xian, Yongjun Wang
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Stroke is the leading cause of death in China, with the country accounting for roughly one third of worldwide stroke mortality. 1Distribution of stroke burden and risk factors varies greatly among regions in China and, with the added challenge of an ageing population, it is difficult for policy makers to develop tailored strategies to reduce stroke.Comprehensive healthcare reforms have led to gradual improvement in stroke care in recent years, including in public education, organisation of care systems, rapid access to acute care, and secondary prevention.The country's experience and challenges in reforming stroke care provide useful lessons for other countries and regions. Epidemiology and aetiologyStroke accounts for more deaths than any other cause in China. 1 This differs from most other regions, including the Middle East,
Abstract 12203: CREG1 Interacts With Sec8 to Promote Cardiomyogenic Differentiation From Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Jie Liu, Yanmei Qi, Siavash Saadat, Yaling Han, Shu-Chan Hsu, Saum Rahimi, Leonard Lee, Alan Graham, Shaohua Li
Journal: Circulation (2014)

CREG1 is a small glycoprotein first identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a Drosophila cDNA library. To investigate its physiological functions, we performed immunostaining and immunoblotting ...
Short and sporadic bouts in the 2018 US physical activity guidelines: is high-intensity incidental physical activity the new HIIT?
Authors: Emmanuel Stamatakis, Nathan A Johnson, Lauren Powell, Mark Hamer, Vegar Rangul, Andreas Holtermann
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2019)

Starting and sticking to an exercise programme is challenging for most who are at risk of developing lifestyle-related chronic disease: the most physically inactive, unfit, and overweight or obese middle-aged individuals, that is, the majority of the adult population. The 2018 US Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans1 introduced a number of new elements that will undoubtedly change how we think about and promote physical activity (PA). Not to anyone’s surprise, the new guidelines abandoned the unsupported by empirical evidence idea that PA needs to be accumulated in at least 10 min continuous bouts to be health enhancing.1 This opens new exciting opportunities to capitalise on sporadic, incidental in nature, PA to improve the population’s health.

Incidental PA is any activity that is part of one’s daily living that is not done with the purpose of recreation or health and requires no sacrifice of discretionary time. For example, walking or cycling to move from place to place, stair climbing and active daily chores, such as carrying heavy shopping1 and house cleaning. Inherently, incidental PA does not encounter the myriad of barriers to structured exercises, such as lack of time, costs, equipment, lack of skills or poor fitness. In itself, such a feasibility advantage may signal a turning point as fewer barriers mean that many more people can be incidentally active than recreationally active. What is far less clear is how to maximise the health impact of incidental PA and how to convince and empower people to be physically active in their daily lives. In this editorial, we address the first of these questions.

The length of each incidental PA bout can vary from a ‘short and sweet’ few seconds, such as climbing a few flights of stairs 3–4 …
Sexual Function After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Nabeel R. Obeid, Justin B. Dimick, Dana A. Telem
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Recent advances in the development of Mcl-1 inhibitors for cancer therapy
Authors: Alexander W. Hird, Adriana E. Tron
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2019)

Dysregulation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway controlled by members of the Bcl-2 protein family plays a central role in cancer development and resistance to conventional cytotoxic as well as targeted therapies. Hence, selective inhibition of pro-survival Bcl-2 family of proteins to activate apoptosis in malignant cells represents an exciting anti-cancer strategy. The remarkable clinical performance of the selective Bcl-2 antagonist venetoclax has highlighted the potential for selective inhibitors of the other pro-survival members of the Bcl-2 family, particularly Mcl-1. Here we review the latest progress on the discovery and development of selective inhibitors of Mcl-1 that are undergoing clinical evaluation for cancer therapy.
Listeria hijacks host mitophagy through a novel mitophagy receptor to evade killing
Authors: Yifan Zhang, Yikun Yao, Xiaoxu Qiu, Guodong Wang, Zheng Hu, Siyuan Chen, Zhengxi Wu, Na Yuan, Hanchao Gao, Jianrong Wang, Houhui Song, Stephen E. Girardin, Youcun Qian
Journal: Nature Immunology (2019)
The functional role of integrins during intra- and extravasation within the metastatic cascade
Authors: Greta Sökeland, Udo Schumacher
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2019)

Formation of distant metastases is by far the most common cause of cancer-related deaths. The process of metastasis formation is complex, and within this complex process the formation of migratory cells, the so called epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), which enables cancer cells to break loose from the primary tumor mass and to enter the bloodstream, is of particular importance. To break loose from the primary cancer, cancer cells have to down-regulate the cell-to-cell adhesion molecuIes (CAMs) which keep them attached to neighboring cancer cells. In contrast to this downregulation of CAMS in the primary tumor, cancer cells up-regulate other types of CAMs, that enable them to attach to the endothelium in the organ of the future metastasis. During EMT, the expression of cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix adhesion molecules and their down- and upregulation is therefore critical for metastasis formation. Tumor cells mimic leukocytes to enable transmigration of the endothelial barrier at the metastatic site. The attachment of leukocytes/cancer cells to the endothelium are mediated by several CAMs different from those at the site of the primary tumor. These CAMs and their ligands are organized in a sequential row, the leukocyte adhesion cascade. In this adhesion process, integrins and their ligands are centrally involved in the molecular interactions governing the transmigration. This review discusses the integrin expression patterns found on primary tumor cells and studies whether their expression correlates with tumor progression, metastatic capacity and prognosis. Simultaneously, further possible, but so far unclearly characterized, alternative adhesion molecules and/or ligands, will be considered and emerging therapeutic possibilities reviewed.
AMPK activation protects against diet-induced obesity through Ucp1-independent thermogenesis in subcutaneous white adipose tissue
Authors: Alice E. Pollard, Luís Martins, Phillip J. Muckett, Sanjay Khadayate, Aurélie Bornot, Maryam Clausen, Therese Admyre, Mikael Bjursell, Rebeca Fiadeiro, Laura Wilson, Chad Whilding, Vassilios N. Kotiadis, Michael R. Duchen, Daniel Sutton, Lucy Penfold, Alessandro Sardini, Mohammad Bohlooly-Y, David M. Smith, Jon A. Read, Michael A. Snowden, Angela Woods, David Carling
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2019)
Central Function for JAM-a in Multiple Myeloma Patients with Extramedullary Disease
Authors: Antonio Giovanni Solimando, Matteo Claudio Da Via', Paola Borrelli, Patrizia Leone, Giuseppe Di Lernia, Paula Tabares Gaviria, Andreas Brandl, Giacinto Luca Pedone, Hilka Rauert-Wunderlich, Constantin Lapa, Silvio Tafuri, Francesco Paolo Bianchi, Roberto Ria, Max Bittrich, Domenico Ribatti, Andreas Rosenwald, K. Martin Kortüm, Vito Racanelli, Angelo Vacca, Hermann Einsele, Andreas Beilhack
Journal: Blood (2018)
Antipruritic effects of transient heat stimulation on histaminergic and nonhistaminergic itch
Authors: D. Riccio, H.H. Andersen, L. Arendt‐Nielsen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

Chronic itch is notoriously difficult to treat. Counterstimuli are able to inhibit itch, but this principle is difficult to apply in clinical practice, and the mechanisms behind counterstimulation-induced itch suppression in humans are unclear.Firstly, to analyse the stimulus-response effects of transient heat stimuli on histaminergic and nonhistaminergic itch, and secondly, to investigate whether the antipruritic effect depends on homotopic (peripheral mediation) or heterotopic (central mediation) counterstimulation relative to the itch provocation site.Eighteen healthy volunteers participated (eight female, mean age 25·7 ± 0·8 years). Itch was evoked on premarked areas of the volar forearms, by either histamine (1% solution) or cowhage (35-40 spicules). In addition to the itch provocations (experiment 1), 5-s homotopic heat stimuli at 32, 40, 45 or 50 °C were applied. In experiment 2, heat stimuli were applied either homotopically, intrasegmentally (next to the provocation site) or extrasegmentally (dorsal forearm). Itch intensity was evaluated throughout the procedures using a digital visual analogue scale.Homotopic counterstimuli inhibited histaminergic itch by 41·3% at 45 °C (P < 0·01) and by 76·7% at 50 °C (P < 0·001). Cowhage-induced itch was less prone to counterstimulation and was significantly diminished only at 50 °C, by 43·6% (P = 0·009). Counterstimulations applied heterotopically were not able to inhibit itch significantly.Itch pathway-specific effects of counterstimuli were observed between homo- and heterotopic stimulation. Histaminergic itch was robustly inhibited by short-term homotopic noxious heat stimuli for up to 10 min. Nonhistaminergic itch was only weakly inhibited. The inhibitory effects exerted by the short-term heat stimuli only occurred following homotopic counterstimulation.
A Phase II Study of Alisertib in Children with Recurrent/Refractory Solid Tumors or Leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Phase I and Pilot Consortium (ADVL0921)
Authors: Yael P. Mossé, Elizabeth Fox, David T. Teachey, Joel M. Reid, Stephanie L. Safgren, Hernan Carol, Richard B. Lock, Peter J. Houghton, Malcolm A. Smith, David Hall, Donald A. Barkauskas, Mark Krailo, Stephan D. Voss, Stacey L. Berg, Susan M. Blaney, Brenda J. Weigel
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2019)

Aurora A kinase (AAK) plays an integral role in mitotic entry, DNA damage checkpoint recovery, and centrosome and spindle maturation. Alisertib (MLN8237) is a potent and selective AAK inhibitor. In pediatric preclinical models, antitumor activity was observed in neuroblastoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and sarcoma xenografts. We conducted a phase 2 trial of alisertib in pediatric patients with refractory or recurrent solid tumors or acute leukemias (NCT01154816).Alisertib (80 mg/m2/dose) was administered orally, daily for 7 days every 21 days. Pharmacogenomic (PG) evaluation for polymorphisms in the AURK gene and drug metabolizing enzymes (UGT1A1*28), and plasma pharmacokinetic studies (PK) were performed. Using a 2-stage design, patients were enrolled to 12 disease strata (10 solid tumor and 2 acute leukemia). Response was assessed after cycle 1, then every other cycle.A total of 139 children and adolescents (median age, 10 years) were enrolled, 137 were evaluable for response. Five objective responses were observed (2 complete responses and 3 partial responses). The most frequent toxicity was myelosuppression. The median alisertib trough concentration on day 4 was 1.3 μmol/L, exceeding the 1 μmol/L target trough concentration in 67% of patients. No correlations between PG or PK and toxicity were observed.Despite alisertib activity in pediatric xenograft models and cogent pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships in preclinical models and adults, the objective response rate in children and adolescents receiving single-agent alisertib was less than 5%.
Common sense and professional opinion are still important
Authors: Hamish Ashton
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2019)

Kia ora (welcome) to this New Zealand-guided issue of BJSM , the journal I like to think of as BJSP—British Journal of Sports Physiotherapy—but don’t let the folks up north know that! In 2018 I was struck by the prominent voices pushing the biopsychosocial model of patient management. That model, as I recall it, started as a model for non-specific (chronic) low back pain but that approach is now being expounded as the way forward for all our musculoskeletal issues.

As a practitioner of 30 years I feel I have been using this model for many a year. I have treated every individual who walks in my door as a person with a specific problem. I have listened, and talked (in that order I hope), and used the set of skills that I honed over many years. Some patients’ problems were a bit more bio, some a bit more psycho, and some a bit more socially biased.

I have also used my diagnostic skills to develop a working diagnosis of the problem to help me and them understand the problem. This may not be an exact diagnosis, and in the process of treating them it may …
AB0125 The Effect of Gv1001, A Peptide Vaccine, in Animal Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: I.A. Choi, J.Y. Choi, J.S. Kim, S.-Y. Oh, S. Kim, E.Y. Lee
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> GV1001 is a 16-mer peptide developed as a cancer vaccine to prime the immune system to recognize telomerase. Besides its role as a cancer vaccine, GV1001 has anti-inflammatory effects in in-vitro experiments using macrophage or monocyte. <h3>Objectives</h3> We evaluated the effect of GV1001 to inhibit joint inflammation in animal model of RA. <h3>Methods</h3> 5-week old BDA/1 mice were used to induce collagen induced arthritis (CIA). Mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen on day 1 and boosted on day 21. Treatments with GV1001 (0.2 nM, 1 nM, 2 nM, 5 nM, and 10 nM) or placebo were started on day 21, three times in alternative week (on day 21, 23, 25 and day 35, 37, 39). Weight and arthritis index of the mice using a standardized grading scale (0–3) were monitored from day 21. Observation finished on day 42, harvesting mouse serum and joints for further analysis. Histological scores of joint damage were assessed using 0–3 grading scale. <h3>Results</h3> Mean arthritis index on day 42 was lower in 0.2 nM GV1001 group compared to placebo group without statistical significance (p=0.1). Histologic assessment after low dose GV1001 treatment showed a tendency to have a lower histologic score (Fig. 1). Serum IL-6 level was significantly lower in 1 nM (the same concentration used as human cancer vaccine) and 0.2 nM GV1001 group (p&lt;0.01, both) compared to placebo group. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this study, we explored the novel therapeutic effect of GV1001 in animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. Protective effect of GV1001 was not dose dependent and effective in 1 nM, which is the same concentration used as human cancer vaccine and the lower dose as 0.2 nM. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of GV1001 as a new RA treatment. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> I. A. Choi: None declared, J. Y. Choi: None declared, J. S. Kim: None declared, S.-Y. Oh Employee of: KAEL-GemVax, developer of GV1001, S. Kim Shareholder of: KAEL-GemVax, developer of GV1001, E. Y. Lee: None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2421
Impact of scaled up human papillomavirus vaccination and cervical screening and the potential for global elimination of cervical cancer in 181 countries, 2020–99: a modelling study
Authors: Kate T Simms, Julia Steinberg, Michael Caruana, Megan A Smith, Jie-Bin Lew, Isabelle Soerjomataram, Philip E Castle, Freddie Bray, Karen Canfell
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2019)
Motivating an underserved African American population to seek breast and prostate cancer screening utilizing a coalition of 17 community-based organizations.
Authors: D. C. Hunter, J. Brustrom, K. Soghoyan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

e16563 Background: African Americans (AAs) suffer a higher mortality rate due to cancer compared to Caucasians for multiple reasons. There is evidence that partnering with trusted community-based organizations can successfully motivate underserved AA populations to seek preventive services. Methods: Student-run clinics are increasingly becoming a usual source of care for the vulnerable underserved populations of Sacramento. The Sacramento Community Cancer Coalition (SCCC) was formed to increase the number of underserved AA individuals in the Sacramento, California area receiving age-appropriate breast and prostate cancer screening. The SCCC uniquely conducts its cancer screening services through student-run clinics affiliated with the University of California, Davis School of Medicine. The first SCCC event on September 26, 2009 was a one-day health fair utilizing one of the student-run free clinics. Marketing efforts targeting AAs were conducted before the health fair. The Coalition hosted a second event on October 23rd, 2010 in collaboration with the same student-run clinic coinciding with its relocation to a different site in Sacramento. Results: We previously reported the percentage of AA individuals who attended the 2009 health fair was higher than the percentage of AA individuals attending the clinic during the 9 months preceding the fair (46% vs. 22% of attendees at each time point, respectively Z=2.5, p. < .05). Our 2010 event demonstrated even greater success at targeting the AA demographic with a 65% AA attendee despite the challenge of conducting the event for the first time at that location. Subsequent normal student-run clinic operations at that same location have failed to attract greater than 26% AA demographic in its first 3 months, demonstrating a higher percentage from its current AA percentage reaching a highly statistically significant margin (Z=3.44, p< .01). Conclusions: The collaborative model was successful in attracting a hard to reach underserved African American population and has been validated in a second health fair event at a location not previously utilized.