tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The British Medical Association: ITS CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT: AN HISTORICAL SURVEY
Authors: J. C. McVail
Journal: BMJ (1924)

Meeting appointing the Committee, was called on to outline what he thought should be its work.In responise he seemiied tohave hardly been prepaied to enter into detail, but he moved:" That the local Medical and Medico-Etlhical Societies throughout the Kingdom be affiliated as Branches of the Association."The unit, he held, should be based on the convenien'ce of members attending meetings, and the subdivisionsmust con- sist of small aggregations of menmbers all over the country.Dr. Smith Whitaker expressed his entir e agreeinent with the object, but suggested that Mr. Horslcy slhould put tthe resolution in a different form, thus:"That the primary unit of the Association slhould be such that every member thereof shall have a reasonable opportunity of attending every importantmeeting."This was manifestly better, in fact it was quite a different proposition, buit Mr. Horsley put aside hlis own, adopted it, and maoved accordingly, ajid Dr. Whitaker seconided.Tlhe resolution in these terms was the first indicationi of what became clear throughout the meetings, that Dr. Smith Whitaker, thouglh originally hopeless of converting the Association to a policy of reform, yet whenl defeated oIn the resolution at Manchester to set up a new-organization, had put aside entirely hiis own views2 had gone carefully over the discussions and conclusiolns of the Manclhester Confer- ence and other meetings, and had em-lbodied the results in a series of propositionis which guided inearly the whole deliberations of the Committee.This was of great value
Sacks of Potatoes
Authors: Edwin C. James
Journal: JAMA (1989)

ABSTRACT Chris was a 71-year-old farmer from Hoople, North Dakota, in the heart of the Red River Valley farm country. A sign at the edge of town proclaimed it The Potato Capital of the World. We first met at 4 o'clock on a frigid February morning after his transfer from a small rural hospital.He underwent emergency surgery to repair a stomach rupture leaking into his chest. His incision extended from his back around the left side of his chest to an area below the nipple. Chris recovered, but later required resection of his left costal margin because of infection. This second incision extended from his xiphoid process, paralleling the costal margin to connect with his initial incision below the nipple. A final scar in the outline of a hockey stick was thus created. Indeed, in a state where the sport of hockey reigns supreme, Chris and I often referred to
Comparison of Flecainide with Quinidine for Suppression of Chronic Stable Ventricular Ectopic Depolarizations
Authors: David M. Salerno, Morrison Hodges, Gregory Granrud, Patricia Sharkey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Abstract In a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial, we compared flecainide to quinidine for treatment of ventricular ectopic depolarizations in 19 patients. The mean percent suppression...
Glucose Variability and Diabetic Complications: Is It Time to Treat?
Authors: Antonio Ceriello
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

Increasing evidence is supporting the role of glucose variability (GV) in the development of diabetic complications, particularly cardiovascular (CV) ones (1). Many observational studies (1) and post hoc analyses of trials, such as ADVANCE (Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron MR Controlled Evaluation) (2), DEVOTE (Trial Comparing Cardiovascular Safety of Insulin Degludec Versus Insulin Glargine in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes at High Risk of Cardiovascular Events) (3), VADT (Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial) (4), ALLHAT (Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial) (5), and EMPAREG OUTCOME (BI 10773 [Empagliflozin] Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients) (6), confirm that in type 2 diabetes long-term GV, in terms of fasting glucose and/or HbA1c variability, is correlated with an increased risk of both CV and microvascular complications. In this issue of Diabetes Care , a post hoc analysis of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial adds a further important piece of evidence on this topic (7).

This analysis shows that HbA1c variability is a strong predictor of the total mortality in people with type 2 diabetes and a previous CV event or high risk for CV disease (7). It is worth mentioning that, with abundant measurements in the ACCORD trial, it has been possible for the first time to compare GV effects between the standard and intensive treatment arms.

As is well known, increased mortality from all causes was reported in the intensive treatment arm of ACCORD, leading to the premature discontinuation of the study (8). In this post hoc analysis it emerges that HbA1c variability, together with a higher mean HbA1c level, is involved in the increased total mortality, particularly in the intensive treatment arm (7). The authors suggest …
A Doctor in Her House
Authors: Bernadine Z. Paulshock
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
118P Should DIBH (deep inspiration breath-hold) be the standard of care in LBC (left breast cancer)?
Authors: M.G. Garcia Alvarez, C. Peraza Fernandez, C. Rodrigues, M. Mateos Dominguez, M. Montijano Linde, I. Marrone, L. Tinoco Gil, E. López Ramirez
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Efficient Nuclease-Directed Integration of Lentivirus Vectors into the Human Ribosomal DNA Locus
Authors: Diana Schenkwein, Saira Afzal, Alisa Nousiainen, Manfred Schmidt, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2020)

Lentivirus vectors (LVs) are efficient tools for gene transfer, but the non-specific nature of transgene integration by the viral integration machinery carries an inherent risk for genotoxicity. We modified the integration machinery of LVs and harnessed the cellular DNA double-strand break repair machinery to integrate transgenes into ribosomal DNA, a promising genomic safe-harbor site for transgenes. LVs carrying modified I-PpoI-derived homing endonuclease proteins were characterized in detail, and we found that at least 21% of all integration sites localized to ribosomal DNA when LV transduction was coupled to target DNA cleavage. In addition to the primary sequence recognized by the endonuclease, integration was also enriched in chromatin domains topologically associated with nucleoli, which contain the targeted ribosome RNA genes. Targeting of this highly repetitive region for integration was not associated with detectable DNA deletions or negative impacts on cell health in transduced primary human T cells. The modified LVs characterized here have an overall lower risk for insertional mutagenesis than regular LVs and can thus improve the safety of gene and cellular therapy.
Diagnostic Value of Thyrotrophin-Releasing Hormone in Pituitary and Hypothalamic Diseases
Authors: Peter J. Snyder, Laurence S. Jacobs, Maria M. Rabello, Francis H. Sterling, Ronald N. Shore, Robert D. Utiger, William H. Daughaday
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Abstract The clinical utility of synthetic thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) in assessing thyrotrophin (TSH) and prolactin secretion was evaluated in 100 patients with pituitary and hypothalamic...
An ethical investigation into the microbiome: the intersection of agriculture, genetics, and the obesity epidemic
Authors: Hunter Jackson Smith
Journal: Gut Microbes (2020)

There is growing evidence of the interconnectivity between animals, humans, and the environment, which has manifested in the One Health perspective that takes all three into account for a more comprehensive vision of health. Over the past century, agriculture has become increasingly industrialized with a particular rise in the amount of livestock raised and meat produced. In order to fulfill such market demands, livestock farmers and agricultural corporations have artificially selected for and bred their cash animals to be more and more metabolically efficient via genetic and human-driven means. However, by selecting for more metabolically efficient animals, we may have inadvertently been selecting for obesogenic gut microbiota. This is further compounded by the potential obesogenic and microbiome-altering role antibiotics play in livestock. Evidence suggests that there is the potential for interspecies gut microbe transmissibility. It is notable that there has been a concurrent multispecies obesity epidemic across the same timeframe, which raises questions about potential connections between these epidemics. If it is the case that humans have inadvertently influenced their own obesity epidemic via the artificial selection of and antibiotic administration to livestock, then this holds significant ethical implications. This analysis considers current meat consumption trends, the impacts of livestock on climate change, and animal ethics. The paper concludes that due to the potential significant impact yet tenuous nature of the evidence on this subject stemming from research silos, there is a definitive ethical impetus for researchers to bridge these silos to better understand the true nature of the issue. This case is emblematic of an overarching ethics-driven need for deeper collaboration between isolated but related research disciplines to better characterize issues of public health relevance. It also raises concerns regarding inherent value-driven strife that may arise between competing One Health domains.
Depletion of the diabetic gut microbiota resistance enhances stem cells therapy in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wanqi Lv, Dana T. Graves, Linhai He, Yan Shi, Xuliang Deng, Yajun Zhao, Xian Dong, Yi Ren, Xinhua Liu, E Xiao, Yi Zhang
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Microbiome, considered as the "second genome" of the host, is altered in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients to a state of dysbiosis.Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a promising treatment for T1DM but is limited by several factors in the diabetic host.In this study, we tested the hypothesis that dysbiotic gut microbiota may limit MSC therapy, and modulating gut microbiota may help to improve the effects of MSC transplantation.Methods: NOD/Ltj mice, treated with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), were fed with an antibiotics cocktails (Abx) for 1 week.The blood glucose levels, insulitis, intestinal permeability and gut bacteria translocation to the pancreas were evaluated.16s rRNA and colon tissue transcription sequencing were performed to analyze beneficial bacteria and reactive host biomolecules in the ADSCs+Abx group.Based on the sequencing results, specific bacteria were gavaged orally to diabetic mice to confirm their effect on ADSCs transplantation in T1DM was determined.Results: We found that the recolonized the diabetic gut microbiota abolished the therapeutic effect of ADSCs.On the contrary, depletion of the diabetic gut microbiota by antibiotics treatment in diabetic mice significantly enhanced the therapeutic effects of ADSCs as measured by reversal of hyperglycemia, insulitis, and increased insulin output.Mechanistically, treatment with antibiotics increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium in the gut and reduced bacterial translocation to the pancreas by promoting Mucin2 expression and thickening the mucus layer through TRPM7.The mechanism was confirmed the re-colonization of the gut by B.breve through oral gavage that produced similar results.Conclusions: These results provide the rationale for a new approach to improve MSC therapy for T1DM by altering the gut microbiota.
A piece of my mind. A snorkel, a 5-iron, and a pen
Authors: J. C. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1990)

"Never be the first to use a new drug, nor the last to discard an old one." These words, spoken by Louis S. Goodman, my pharmacology professor when I was a sophomore medical student, had real meaning for me some months ago. A pharmaceutical company representative came to my office to describe the merits of a new product. I often meet socially with drug reps and occasionally listen to their formal presentations. The drug in question was one I use frequently in my specialty, but the delivery mechanism was new, and one with which I was not familiar. The rep's presentation was good, the accompanying explanatory material seemed appropriate, and my questions were answered very professionally. He ended his talk with a question: "Will you use our product?" Dr Goodman's remark jumped into my mind, and I good-naturedly quoted it to the salesman. He smiled politely. We bantered back and
Reappraisal of the treatment duration of antibiotic regimens for acute uncomplicated cystitis in adult women: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of 61 randomised clinical trials
Authors: Do Kyung Kim, Jae Heon Kim, Joo Yong Lee, Nam Su Ku, Hye Sun Lee, Ju-Young Park, Jong Won Kim, Kwang Joon Kim, Kang Su Cho
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2020)
Symbiotic bacteria enhance exercise performance
Authors: Jon O Lundberg, Chiara Moretti, Nigel Benjamin, Eddie Weitzberg
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

In a recent Nature Medicine article Scheiman and colleagues studied the influence of the gut microbiome on exercise performance in elite runners and identified a performance-enhancing microbe belonging to the genus Veillonella .1 The bacterium Veillonella atypica was enriched in marathon runners after a race and inoculation of the same strain into mice increased exhaustive treadmill run time. The authors suggest that V. atypica improves run time via its metabolic conversion of exercise-induced lactate into propionate, thereby identifying a natural, microbiome-encoded enzymatic process that enhances athletic performance. Here we highlight an additional means by which Veillonella may help to achieve the same result (figure 1).



Figure 1 
Inorganic nitrate from endogenous and dietary sources is metabolised in humans to nitrite and then nitric oxide and other bioactive nitrogen oxides with effects on mitochondrial function and skeletal muscle contraction. Oral nitrate reducing bacteria …
Abstract 14436: Inositol Hexa Nicotinate is a Safe and Effective Alternative of Niacin for Treatment of Dyslipidemia
Authors: Danish H. Kazmi, Afroz Abidi, Abdullah Zoheb Azhar, Ankit Sahu, Aditya Kapoor
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Epidemiological data shows inverse relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) signifying the role of high HDL-C in prev...
133TiP A phase II trial of nivolumab + palbociclib + anastrozole in postmenopausal women with ER+/HER2– primary breast cancer: CheckMate 7A8
Authors: S.M. Tolaney, G. Jerusalem, R. Salgado, X. Liu, T. Chen, H. Zhang, M. Roberts, D. Zardavas, A. Prat
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Induction of apoptosis in glioma by tricyclics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: laboratory and clinical studies
Authors: Geoffrey J. Pilkington, Sabrina Amar, Katherine Parker
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

5336  We have recently shown that the tricyclic antidepressant, clomipramine, triggers apoptosis in glioma cells while leaving normal neural element unaffected.The mechanism of action is mediated via the compromised tumour cell mitochondria where the agent affect complex 3 of the respiratory chain, liberating cytochrome C and activating a caspase pathway to apoptosis. This is not dependant upon p53 status. In addition, we have now examined, using MTT and SRB viability assays, oxygen electrode assays, and various assays for apoptosis (annexin V flow cytometry, acridine orange/ethidium bromide labelling, gel electrophoresis and live-cell imaging DVD analysis)a number of other tricyclics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).Citalopram, amitriptalyne, doxepin and norclomipramine show a similar pro-apoptotic effect on glioma cells but not non-neoplastic astrocytes. Moreover, dexamethasone, if given in combination with these agents, has an additive effect. THere are already many reports of anecdotal cases of patients with malignant glioma who have been treated with clomipramine and shown clincal improvement based upon increased survival time and tumour regression on MRI scanning. We are now running a phase II clinical trial for newly diagnosed cases of anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme at King’s College Hospital, London and are assessing the potential of a multi-centre trial for relapsed glioma patients post radio- and chemo-therapy. This research is supported by the Samantha Dickson Research Trust.
Contribution of Germline Predisposition Gene Mutations to Breast Cancer Risk in African American Women
Authors: Julie R Palmer, Eric C Polley, Chunling Hu, Esther M John, Christopher Haiman, Steven N Hart, Mia Gaudet, Tuya Pal, Hoda Anton-Culver, Amy Trentham-Dietz, Leslie Bernstein, Christine B Ambrosone, Elisa V Bandera, Kimberly A Bertrand, Traci N Bethea, Chi Gao, Rohan D Gnanaolivu, Hongyan Huang, Kun Y Lee, Loic LeMarchand, Jie Na, Dale P Sandler, Payal D Shah, Siddhartha Yadav, William Yang, Jeffrey N Weitzel, Susan M Domchek, David E Goldgar, Katherine L Nathanson, Peter Kraft, Song Yao, Fergus J Couch
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2020)

Abstract Background The risks of breast cancer in African American (AA) women associated with inherited mutations in breast cancer predisposition genes are not well defined. Thus, whether multigene germline hereditary cancer testing panels are applicable to this population is unknown. We assessed associations between mutations in panel-based genes and breast cancer risk in 5054 AA women with breast cancer and 4993 unaffected AA women drawn from 10 epidemiologic studies. Methods Germline DNA samples were sequenced for mutations in 23 cancer predisposition genes using a QIAseq multiplex amplicon panel. Prevalence of mutations and odds ratios (ORs) for associations with breast cancer risk were estimated with adjustment for study design, age, and family history of breast cancer. Results Pathogenic mutations were identified in 10.3% of women with estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer, 5.2% of women with ER-positive breast cancer, and 2.3% of unaffected women. Mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2 were associated with high risks of breast cancer (OR = 47.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 10.43 to &amp;gt;100; OR = 7.25, 95% CI = 4.07 to 14.12; OR = 8.54, 95% CI = 3.67 to 24.95, respectively). RAD51D mutations were associated with high risk of ER-negative disease (OR = 7.82, 95% CI = 1.61 to 57.42). Moderate risks were observed for CHEK2, ATM, ERCC3, and FANCC mutations with ER-positive cancer, and RECQL mutations with all breast cancer. Conclusions The study identifies genes that predispose to breast cancer in the AA population, demonstrates the validity of current breast cancer testing panels for use in AA women, and provides a basis for increased referral of AA patients for cancer genetic testing.
Human thermogenic adipocyte regulation by the long noncoding RNA LINC00473
Authors: Khanh-Van Tran, Erin L. Brown, Tiffany DeSouza, Naja Zenius Jespersen, Cecilie Nandrup-Bus, Qin Yang, Zinger Yang, Anand Desai, So Yun Min, Raziel Rojas-Rodriguez, Morten Lundh, Amir Feizi, Hanni Willenbrock, Therese Juhlin Larsen, Mai Charlotte Krogh Severinsen, Kimberly Malka, Anthony M. Mozzicato, Atul S. Deshmukh, Brice Emanuelli, Bente Klarlund Pedersen, Timothy Fitzgibbons, Camilla Scheele, Silvia Corvera, Søren Nielsen
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2020)
Comment on Lee et al. The Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Diabetes Management. Diabetes Care 2020;43:1094–1101
Authors: Evan Chen, Ravi Parikh
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

We commend and read with interest the difference-in-differences (DiD) study by Lee et al. (1) examining the effect of Medicaid expansion on individuals with diabetes and the management of their disease. Lee et al. reported significant improvements in self-reported access to care, diabetes management frequency, and health status among people with diabetes in states that expanded Medicaid compared with those that did not.

Our first point is about the variables used to define self-reported diabetes management. We recently reported—also using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System—that Medicaid expansion was not associated with a significant increase in dilated eye examinations among patients with diabetes (2). We believe that dilated …
Host-microbe cross-talk in the lung microenvironment: implications for understanding and treating chronic lung disease
Authors: Reinoud Gosens, Pieter S. Hiemstra, Ian M. Adcock, Ken R. Bracke, Robert P. Dickson, Philip M. Hansbro, Susanne Krauss-Etschmann, Hermelijn H. Smits, Frank R.M. Stassen, Sabine Bartel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Chronic respiratory diseases are highly prevalent worldwide and will continue to rise in the foreseeable future. Despite intensive efforts over recent decades, the development of novel and effective therapeutic approaches has been slow. However, there is new and increasing evidence that communities of micro-organisms in our body, the human microbiome, are crucially involved in the development and progression of chronic respiratory diseases. Understanding the detailed mechanisms underlying this cross-talk between host and microbiota is critical for development of microbiome- or host-targeted therapeutics and prevention strategies. Here we review and discuss the most recent knowledge on the continuous reciprocal interaction between the host and microbes in health and respiratory disease. Furthermore, we highlight promising developments in microbiome-based therapies and discuss the need to employ more holistic approaches of restoring both the pulmonary niche and the microbial community.