tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An International Multicentre Study of Consecutively Diagnosed Patients with ALCL: Outcomes Following First-Line Therapy in Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Nicolas Martinez-Calle, Amy A. Kirkwood, Maxine Lamb, Alexandra Smith, Kate Manos, Caroline Shrubsole, Nicola Gray, Sapna Ladani, Katharine Louise Lewis, Mark Bishton, Matthew J Ahearne, Eliza A Hawkes, Wendy Osborne, Graham P. Collins, Cathy Burton, Christopher P Fox
Journal: Blood (2019)
Final Results of a Phase 2 Trial of Early Intervention Ibrutinib with Vaccinations in Patients with Asymptomatic, High-Risk CLL
Authors: Jennifer Woyach, Shanmugapriya Thangavadivel, David Weiss, Lai Wei, Eric McLaughlin, Kerry Rogers, Seema A. Bhat, Michael R. Grever, Michael Keller, Matthew Dort, Gerard Lozanski, Barbara Andersen, John C. Byrd, Farrukh T. Awan
Journal: Blood (2019)
Impact of the Association between Tgl and EZH2 Mutations (Y641N/Y641F/Y641H/Y641S) on Disease Free Survival of Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Myrna Candelaria, Adriana Palacios Campos, Olga Gutierrez Hernandez, Alejandro Aviles, Uvi Cancino-Ramos, Lucia Taja Chayeb, Osvaldo García-Perez, David Cantú de León
Journal: Blood (2019)
Fitusiran, an RNAi Therapeutic Targeting Antithrombin to Restore Hemostatic Balance in Patients with Hemophilia a or B with or without Inhibitors: Management of Acute Bleeding Events
Authors: Steven Pipe, Margaret V. Ragni, Claude Négrier, Qifeng Yu, Naghmana Bajwa, John Caminis, Baisong Mei, Shauna R. Andersson
Journal: Blood (2019)
RARE-44. CLINICAL, PATHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNE MICROENVIRONMENT EVALUATION FOR TUMOR IMMUNITY IN GERMINOMA PATIENTS
Authors: Masaaki Nishimoto, Kentaro Ohara, Dai Kamamoto, Ryota Tamura, Tomoru Miwa, Kazunari Yoshida, Hikaru Sasaki
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract Pure germinomas are pathologically composed by large polygonal undifferentiated cells, accompanied by infiltrating small lymphocytes. Tumor immunity in intracranial germinomas have not been studied well and their role remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of tumor immunity in intracranial germinomas. We investigated the expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in 8 patients of intracranial germinomas by immunohistochemistry to analyze the association with their clinical courses and radiological features. We divided the patients into group with more than one year from onset to diagnosis as long-term onset group (LTOs), and the group with less than one year as short-term onset group (STOs). Three patients are in LTOs and five patients are in STOs. Median duration from onset to diagnosis in LTOs is 35 months (29–47), while median duration in STOs is 5.1 months (0.5–10). Mortality and recurrence were not observed in all patients. Radiological analysis showed that tumor locations in LTOs are relatively atypical and tumor size in LTOs is smaller than in STOs. TILs in LTOs are having higher expression than STOs. PD-L1 expression was observed in all 8 tumors. CD3, CD8 and PD-1 expressions were observed in all TILs. The ratio of PD-L1 positive-tumor cells was lower in LTOs than in STOs (p=0.012). CD8+ TIL density is higher in LTOs (p=0.003), whereas PD-1/CD8 ratio is lower in LTOs (p=0.047). Our data suggest that PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is associated with pathogenesis and tumor growth of germinomas, therefore immune checkpoint molecule inhibitors against PD-1/PD-L1 may be effective for refractory germinomas.
ANGI-07. NOVEL FUSION GENE PTPRZ1-MET PROMOTES GLIOMAS ANGIOGENESIS BY UP-REGULATING EXOCRINE PROTEIN IGF2BP3
Authors: Yanwei Liu, Xiaoguang Qiu, Tao Jiang
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract We previously reported a novel fusion gene PTPRZ1-MET in 15% of secondary GBM (sGBM). Subsequent studies showed that ZM fusion indicates a significantly worse prognosis and promotes glioma progression by increasing MET activity. We have demonstrated hyper-activation of MAPK and STAT3 signaling and elevated angiogenesis activities in patients and subcutaneous tumors with ZM fusion. However, the angiogenesis mechanism regulated by ZM is still unclear. In this study, 66 up-regulated and 66 down-regulated genes were identified on 8 sGBMs with ZM fusion comparing gene expression with 135 negative sGBMs (fold-change &gt;2.5 &amp; p.value &lt; 0.05). ZM-harboring U87 MG xenograft models were conducted and RNA sequencing was performed in 3 subcutaneous tumors with ZM-harboring U87 MG and 3 negative control. 384 up-regulated and 698 down-regulated genes were identified on 3 ZM-harboring samples comparing gene expression with 3 negative control samples (fold-change &gt;2.5 &amp; p.value &lt; 0.05. Three subcutaneous tumors with ZM-harboring U87 MG were treated by a MET kinase inhibitor, PLB-1001. Finally, the expression of 13 up-regulated gene decreased and 10 down-regulated genes increased after treatment by PLB-1001. We overlapped the candidate genes between patient samples and subcutaneous tumors and 5 up-regulated and 4 down-regulated genes was appeared and most associated with ZM fusion. Prognostic analysis of 9 candidate genes on sGBM revealed that a higher expression of IGF2BP3 indicates a worse prognosis. In further study, we found that IGF2BP3 can be secreted out of the gliomas stem cells (GSCs) and promote proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and the expression of CD31. IGF2BP3 siRNA can block this pathway and inhibit the angiogenesis. Conclusion, our study demonstrated a new pathway promoting angiogenesis in gliomas. But the regulating mechanism between ZM fusion gene and IGF2BP3 deserves to do further research.
Dangers of Lignocaine
Authors: K. P. Singh
Journal: BMJ (1963)

he felt fine.I then infiltrated 3 ml. of this solution around two basal-cell carcinomata on the side of his face, and excised them without side-effects.The two anaesthetics are chemically different, but I felt this experience might be of help to your other readers.-Iam, etc., London W.I.
Genomic Context and TP53 Allele Frequency Define Prognostic Subgroups and Response Outcomes in TP53 Mutated Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Guillermo Montalban-Bravo, Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna, Christopher B. Benton, Caleb Class, Kelly S. Chien, Koji Sasaki, Kiran Naqvi, Yesid Alvarado, Tapan M. Kadia, Farhad Ravandi, Jorge E. Cortes, Naval G. Daver, Koichi Takahashi, Courtney D. DiNardo, Elias Jabbour, Gautam M. Borthakur, Naveen Pemmaraju, Marina Y Konopleva, Sherry A. Pierce, Carlos E. Bueso-Ramos, Michael Andreeff, Keyur P. Patel, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Guillermo Garcia-Manero
Journal: Blood (2019)
Ezh2 Is Required for Developmental Stage-Specific Silencing of Oncofetal Genes in Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells
Authors: Motohiko Oshima, Satoru Miyagi, Shuhei Koide, George Russel Wendt, Nagisa Hasegawa, Shogo Yabata, Changshan Wang, Yutaka Suzuki, Atsushi Iwama
Journal: Blood (2014)
Starting on the pill. (Letter)
Authors: Loudon N
Journal: BMJ (1977)

It is standard practice to tell women starting on the pill to begin on Day 5 after menstraution and use alternative contraception during the 1st cycle.  Many do not use additional contraception and become pregnant.  This could be avoided by starting them on the pill on the 1st day of the menstrual cycle.  The 1st period is thus a little shorter (22 or 23 days) but this does not bother women if they are warned and after the 2nd period the usual cycle is established.  Not 1 woman on this regime has become pregnant.  Also when switching from 1 dosage to another standard practice is to start the new pill on Day 5 and use alternative contraception in addition.  Usually foam or condoms are supplied.  This double expense could be avoided and the threat of pregnancy eliminated if the new pill were started immediately after the old with no break between the preparations.  Again a normal cycle is established after the 2nd package.  Also many women so dislike the additional contraception they refuse to change from a high estrogen to a low estrogen preparation.  By taking 2 packages together they can avoid this problem and go on to the preferred lower dosage.
Annals Story Slam - Mutata Sunt Tempora
Authors: Sharon Walmsley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

Web Exclusives5 November 2019Annals Story Slam - Mutata Sunt TemporaFREESharon Walmsley, MD, CMSharon Walmsley, MD, CMSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/W19-0031 SectionsAboutVisual Abstract ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Video. Annals Story Slam - Mutata Sunt Tempora "Mutata Sunt Tempora," by Sharon Walmsley, MD, CM (Duration 6:09)Building on the popular Annals feature “On Being a Doctor,” storytellers share stories about the experience of doctoring on video.For more videos from and information on Annals Story Slam, visit go.annals.org/StorySlam. Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 5 November 2019Volume 171, Issue 9Page: SS1 ePublished: 5 November 2019 Issue Published: 5 November 2019 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2019 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Population Pharmacokinetics and Novel Exposure-Response Analyses to Inform Optimal Biologic Dose Selection for CD20-TCB, a T-Cell-Engaging Bispecific Antibody, in Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Nassim Djebli, Felix Jaminion, Johann Laurent, Francois Mercier, Nicole A Kratochwil, Ann-Marie E Bröske, Natalie Dimier, Cristiano Ferlini, Tom Moore, Martin Weisser, Peter N Morcos
Journal: Blood (2019)
NIMG-20. EVALUATION OF HEAD SEGMENTATION QUALITY FOR TREATMENT PLANNING OF TUMOR TREATING FIELDS IN BRAIN TUMORS
Authors: Reuben R Shamir, Ze’ev Bomzon
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract Tumor treating fields (TTFields) is an FDA approved therapy for the treatment of glioblastoma multiform (GBM), malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), and currently being investigated for additional tumor types. TTFields are delivered to the tumor through the placement of transducer arrays (TAs) placed on the patient’s shaved scalp. The positions of the TAs are associated with treatment outcomes via simulations of the electric fields. Therefore, we are currently developing a method for recommending optimal placement of TAs. A key step to achieve this goal is to correctly segment the head into tissues of similar electrical properties. Visual inspection of segmentation quality is invaluable but time-consuming. Automatic quality assessment can assist in automatic refinement of the segmentation parameters, suggest flaw points to the user and indicate if the segmented method is of sufficient accuracy for TTFields simulation. As a first step in this direction, we identified a set of features that are relevant to atlas-based segmentation and show that these are significantly correlated (p &lt; 0.05) with a similarity measure between gold-standard and automatically computed segmentations. Furthermore, we incorporated these features in a decision tree regressor to predict the similarity of the gold-standard and computed segmentations of 20 TTFields patients using a leave-one-out approach. The predicted similarity measures were highly correlated with the actual ones (average absolute difference 3% (SD = 3%); r = 0.92, p &lt; 0.001). We conclude that automatic quality estimation of segmentations is feasible by incorporating segmentation-relevant features with statistical and machine learning methods, such as decision tree regressor.
The Prognostic and Therapeutic Role of Genomic Subtyping by Sequencing Tumor or Cell-Free DNA in Pulmonary Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Authors: Minglei Zhuo, Yanfang Guan, Xue Yang, Lingzhi Hong, Yuqi Wang, Zhongwu Li, Runzhe Chen, Hussein A. Abbas, Lianpeng Chang, Yuhua Gong, Nan Wu, Jia Zhong, Wenting Chen, Hanxiao Chen, Zhi Dong, Xiang Zhu, Jianjie Li, Yuyan Wang, Tongtong An, Meina Wu, Ziping Wang, Jiayin Wang, Emily B. Roarty, Waree Rinsurongkawong, Jeff Lewis, Jack A. Roth, Stephen G. Swisher, J. Jack Lee, John V. Heymach, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Neda Kalhor, Ling Yang, Xin Yi, P. Andrew Futreal, Bonnie S. Glisson, Xuefeng Xia, Jianjun Zhang, Jun Zhao
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Purpose: The optimal systemic treatment for pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is still under debate. Previous studies showed that LCNEC with different genomic characteristics might respond differently to different chemotherapy regimens. In this study, we sought to investigate genomic subtyping using cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis in advanced LCNEC and assess its potential prognostic and predictive value. Experimental Design: Tumor DNA and cfDNA from 63 patients with LCNEC were analyzed by target-captured sequencing. Survival and response analyses were applied to 54 patients with advanced stage incurable disease who received first-line chemotherapy. Results: The mutation landscape of frequently mutated cancer genes in LCNEC from cfDNA closely resembled that from tumor DNA, which led to a 90% concordance in genomic subtyping. The 63 patients with LCNEC were classified into small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)-like and non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-like LCNEC based on corresponding genomic features derived from tumor DNA and/or cfDNA. Overall, patients with SCLC-like LCNEC had a shorter overall survival than those with NSCLC-like LCNEC despite higher response rate (RR) to chemotherapy. Furthermore, treatment with etoposide-platinum was associated with superior response and survival in SCLC-like LCNEC compared with pemetrexed-platinum and gemcitabine/taxane-platinum doublets, while treatment with gemcitabine/taxane-platinum led to a shorter survival compared with etoposide-platinum or pemetrexed-platinum in patients with NSCLC-like LCNEC. Conclusions: Genomic subtyping has potential in prognostication and therapeutic decision-making for patients with LCNEC and cfDNA analysis may be a reliable alternative for genomic profiling of LCNEC.
Efficacy of Upfront Daratumumab Combination Regimen in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Kyaw Zin Thein, Thura Win Htut, Myint Aung Win, Sriman Swarup, Anita Sultan, Somedeb Ball, Ei Moe Phyu, Aung M Tun, Ramesh Pandey, Myat Min Han, Fred Hardwicke, Lukman Tijani, Nicholas D'Cunha, Donald P. Quick
Journal: Blood (2019)
Comparison of a New Reduced Toxicity Myeloablative Treosulfan and Fludarabine Preparative Regimen with Myeloablative Busulfan or Melphalan in Combination with Fludarabine in Older Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndromes: A Retrospective Matched Pair Analysis of Patients from a Prospective Randomized Trial and the European Blood and Marrow Transplantation Society Registry
Authors: Dietrich W. Beelen, Simona Iacobelli, Linda Koster, Dirk-Jan Eikema, Anja van Biezen, Friedrich Stoelzel, Fabio Ciceri, Wolfgang Bethge, Peter Dreger, Eva-Maria Wagner, Péter Reményi, Matthias Stelljes, Miroslaw Markiewicz
Journal: Blood (2019)
A Controlled Trial of Rivaroxaban after Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Replacement
Authors: George D. Dangas, Jan G.P. Tijssen, Jochen Wöhrle, Lars Søndergaard, Martine Gilard, Helge Möllmann, Raj R. Makkar, Howard C. Herrmann, Gennaro Giustino, Stephan Baldus, Ole De Backer, Ana H.C. Guimarães, Lars Gullestad, Annapoorna Kini, Dirk von Lewinski, Michael Mack, Raúl Moreno, Ulrich Schäfer, Julia Seeger, Didier Tchétché, Karen Thomitzek, Marco Valgimigli, Pascal Vranckx, Robert C. Welsh, Peter Wildgoose, Albert A. Volkl, Ana Zazula, Ronald G.M. van Amsterdam, Roxana Mehran, Stephan Windecker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

Whether the direct factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban can prevent thromboembolic events after transcatheter aortic-valve replacement (TAVR) is unclear.
Longitudinal Analyses of Diagnostic-Relapse Biopsies of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Reveal a Poor Risk Subset of ABC Patients Based on the Expression of a 30 Gene Panel
Authors: Findlay Bewicke-Copley, Koorosh Korfi, Shamzah Araf, Emil Arjun Kumar, Thomas E C Cummin, Margaret Ashton-Key, Sharon Barrans, Suzan Van Hoppe, Cathy Burton, Mohamed Elshiekh, Simon Rule, Nicola Crosbie, Andrew James Clear, Maria Calaminici, David W. Scott, Lisa M. Rimsza, Menon Geetha, Chulin Sha, Michael A Bentley, Ai Nagano, Andrew Davies, Daniel Painter, Alexandra Smith, John G. Gribben, Kikkeri Naresh, David R Westhead, Jessica Okosun, Peter Johnson, Jun Wang, Jude Fitzgibbon
Journal: Blood (2019)
Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Isolated or Combined Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State: A Retrospective, Hospital-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Francisco J. Pasquel, Katerina Tsegka, Heqiong Wang, Saumeth Cardona, Rodolfo J. Galindo, Maya Fayfman, Georgia Davis, Priyathama Vellanki, Alexandra Migdal, Unjali Gujral, K.M. Venkat Narayan, Guillermo E. Umpierrez
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

OBJECTIVE Many patients with hyperglycemic crises present with combined features of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). The implications of concomitant acidosis and hyperosmolality are not well known. We investigated hospital outcomes in patients with isolated or combined hyperglycemic crises. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed admissions data listing DKA or HHS at two academic hospitals. We determined 1) the frequency distributions of HHS, DKA, and combined DKA-HHS (DKA criteria plus elevated effective osmolality); 2) the relationship of markers of severity of illness and clinical comorbidities with 30-day all-cause mortality; and 3) the relationship of hospital complications associated with insulin therapy (hypoglycemia and hypokalemia) with mortality. RESULTS There were 1,211 patients who had a first admission with confirmed hyperglycemic crises criteria, 465 (38%) who had isolated DKA, 421 (35%) who had isolated HHS, and 325 (27%) who had combined features of DKA-HHS. After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, race, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score, subjects with combined DKA-HHS had higher in-hospital mortality compared with subjects with isolated hyperglycemic crises (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.7; 95% CI 1.4, 4.9; P = 0.0019). In all groups, hypoglycemia (&amp;lt;40 mg/dL) during treatment was associated with a 4.8-fold increase in mortality (aOR 4.8; 95% CI 1.4, 16.8). Hypokalemia ≤3.5 mEq/L was frequent (55%). Severe hypokalemia (≤2.5 mEq/L) was associated with increased inpatient mortality (aOR 4.9; 95% CI 1.3, 18.8; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Combined DKA-HHS is associated with higher mortality compared with isolated DKA or HHS. Severe hypokalemia and severe hypoglycemia are associated with higher hospital mortality in patients with hyperglycemic crises.
Development of Bio-Artificial Micro-Vessels with Immunosuppressive Capacities: A Hope for Future Transplantations and Organoids
Authors: Sina Naserian, Mohamed Essameldin Abdelgawad, Julie Lachaux, Nassim Arouche, Fanny Loisel, Mazdak Afshar, Gilgueng Hwang, Mercier Olaf, Anne-Marie Haghiri-Gosnet, Georges Uzan
Journal: Blood (2019)
Correction to: Angiosarcoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a case series of seven patients from a single institution
Authors: Vaia Florou, Andrew E. Rosenberg, Eric Wieder, Krishna V. Komanduri, Despina Kolonias, Mohamed Uduman, John C. Castle, Jennifer S. Buell, Jonathan C. Trent, Breelyn A. Wilky
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2019)

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors have reported that the following sentence "While of the same IgG1 class as ipilimumab, preclinical data suggests this molecule may have enhanced activity against T regulatory cells".
Bezlotoxumab and Recurrent <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Infection
Authors: Anna Maw, Nicole Shen, Prashanth Francis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2017)

of some other unknown cofactor that is not es sential for GBS is required.A third possibility is that fear of the adverse consequences of ZIKV infection led to fewer conceptions or a greater number of pregnancy terminations in 2016.Rou tinely collected data are not yet complete enough to determine whether birth rates fell or abortion rates increased in 2016 (Section 6 in the Supple mentary Appendix).However, since any changes in the number of live births would be small, this hypothesis cannot be the principal reason why few cases of microcephaly were reported in the northeast region in 2016.Among these hypotheses, the first seems to be the most plausible -that is, both ZIKV and chikungunya viruses are important causes of GBS, but among the arboviruses circulating in Brazil, only ZIKV causes microcephaly and other neuro logic disorders after infection during pregnancy.However, the three possibilities are not mutually exclusive, and none can be ruled out with the present data.Further investigations are needed -aided by more sensitive and specific diagnos tic tools and the careful interpretation of surveil lance data -to clarify the causal links between arbovirus infections, GBS, and microcephaly in Brazil.
CBMT-02. UP-REGULATION OF Γ-GLUTAMYL-TRANSFERASE CAN BE USED TO IMAGE GLIOBLASTOMA USING HYPERPOLARIZED Γ-GLUTAMYL-[1-13C]GLYCINE MRS
Authors: Georgios Batsios, Chloe Najac, Peng Cao, Pavithra Viswanath, Elavarasan Subramani, Yutaro Saito, Anne Marie Gillespie, Hikari Yoshihara, Peder Larson, Shinsuke Sando, Sabrina Ronen
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract γ-glutamyl-transferase (GGT) is a key enzyme in the γ-glutamyl cycle, which regulates glutathione homeostasis. The enzyme is localized on the outer cell membrane and cleaves glutathione to glutamate and cysteinylglycine. As such, it facilitates uptake of the amino acids essential for intracellular synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which is the major thiol anti-oxidant. GGT is upregulated in glioblastoma, but remains low in normal brain. It is therefore an attractive molecular imaging target for specific detection of glioblastoma. The goal of our study was therefore to assess for the first time the value of hyperpolarized (HP) γ-glutamyl-[1-13C]glycine (γ-Glu-[1-13C]Gly) for imaging glioblastoma in orthotopic tumor-bearing rats. Athymic nude rats with U87 glioblastoma tumors or tumor-free controls were investigated. First, we confirmed that GGT expression was significantly higher in U87 tumors compared to normal rat brain tissue. GSH levels were also higher. Imaging studies were then performed by injecting HP γ-Glu-[1-13C]Gly and acquiring dynamic 13C MR spectra using a flyback spectral-spatial slab sequence on a preclinical Bruker 3T MR system. The dynamic data were analyzed by measuring the signal-to-noise (SNR) ratios of the substrate (γ-Glu-[1-13C]Gly) and the product ([1-13C]Glycine). Comparison of control and tumor-bearing rats showed no statistically significant difference in the SNR of the substrate. In contrast, the SNR of the product demonstrated a significantly higher level of HP [1-13C]Glycine in the tumor-bearing rats compared to controls. Consistent with the higher levels of HP [1-13C]Glycine, the [1-13C]Gly-to-γ-Glu-[1-13C]Glycine ratio was also significantly higher in tumor-bearing animals relative to controls (0.046±0.004 vs 0.021±0.008 respectively; p=0.03). Further studies are needed to assess the generality of our findings. Nonetheless, this study demonstrates for the first time the feasibility of using γ-Glu-[1-13C]Gly to monitor GGT activity and thus could serve as a new approach for monitoring the presence of tumor.