tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Temporal rise in the proportion of younger adults and older adolescents among coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases following the introduction of physical distancing measures, Germany, March to April 2020
Authors: Edward Goldstein, Marc Lipsitch
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

Using data on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in Germany from the Robert Koch Institute, we found a relative increase with time in the prevalence in 15–34 year-olds (particularly 20–24-year-olds) compared with 35–49- and 10–14-year-olds (we excluded older and younger ages because of different healthcare seeking behaviour). This suggests an elevated role for that age group in propagating the epidemic following the introduction of physical distancing measures.
A Comparison of Omeprazole and Placebo for Bleeding Peptic Ulcer
Authors: Mohammad Sultan Khuroo, Ghulam Nabi Yattoo, Gul Javid, Bashir Ahmad Khan, Altaf Ahmad Shah, Ghulam Mohammad Gulzar, Jaswinder Singh Sodi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 220 patients with duodenal, gastric, or stomal ulcers and signs of recent bleeding, as confirmed by endoscopy. In 26 patients the ulcers showed arterial spurting, in 34 there was active oozing, in 35 there were nonbleeding, visible vessels, and in 125 there were adherent clots. The patients were randomly assigned to receive omeprazole (40 mg given orally every 12 hours for five days) or placebo. The outcome measures studied were further bleeding, surgery, and death.
Quantitative Proteomics of All 14 Renal Tubule Segments in Rat
Authors: Kavee Limbutara, Chung-Lin Chou, Mark A. Knepper
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Previous research has used RNA sequencing in microdissected kidney tubules or single cells isolated from the kidney to profile gene expression in each type of kidney tubule epithelial cell. However, because proteins, not mRNA molecules, mediate most cellular functions, it is desirable to know the identity and amounts of each protein species to understand function. Recent improvements in the sensitivity of mass spectrometers offered us the ability to quantify the proteins expressed in each of 14 different renal tubule segments from rat.We manually dissected kidney tubules from rat kidneys and subjected samples to protein mass spectrometry. We used the "proteomic ruler" technique to estimate the number of molecules of each protein per cell.Over the 44 samples analyzed, the average number of quantified proteins per segment was 4234, accounting for at least 99% of protein molecules in each cell. We have made the data publicly available online at the Kidney Tubule Expression Atlas website (https://esbl.nhlbi.nih.gov/KTEA/). Protein abundance along the renal tubule for many commonly studied water and solute transport proteins and metabolic enzymes matched expectations from prior localization studies, demonstrating the overall reliability of the data. The site features a "correlated protein" function, which we used to identify cell type-specific transcription factors expressed along the renal tubule.We identified and quantified proteins expressed in each of the 14 segments of rat kidney tubules and used the proteomic data that we obtained to create an online information resource, the Kidney Tubule Expression Atlas. This resource will allow users throughout the world to browse segment-specific protein expression data and download them for their own research.
Tenofovir Treatment Has Lower Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma than Entecavir Treatment in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hairong Liu, Yu Shi, John C. Hayden, Paul M. Ryan, Jamal Rahmani, Guangsheng Yu
Journal: Liver Cancer (2020)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Purpose:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Tenofovir (TDF) and entecavir (ETV) are both equally recommended as first-line treatments for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). They have comparable efficacy in virologic response, but their effect on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in CHB is controversial. Therefore, we aimed to compare TDF and ETV evaluating the risk of HCC development in CHB patients. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; A systematic literature search was conducted up to November 2019 in MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases without language and time restrictions. DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models were used to estimate combined hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Seven studies containing 35,785 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled HR (95% CI) of HCC in the patients who used TDF versus patients who used ETV was 0.75 (0.56–0.96). There was no significant heterogeneity detected among the included studies results (&lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 47.5%). There was no significant publication bias detected among the included studies (Begg’s &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.88 and Egger’s regression test &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.96). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Evidence to date suggests that TDF treatment is associated with significantly fewer cases of HCC when compared to ETV.
The Value of Routine Preoperative Medical Testing before Cataract Surgery
Authors: Oliver D. Schein, Joanne Katz, Eric B. Bass, James M. Tielsch, Lisa H. Lubomski, Marc A. Feldman, Brent G. Petty, Earl P. Steinberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Routine preoperative medical testing is commonly performed in patients scheduled to undergo cataract surgery, although the value of such testing is uncertain. We performed a study to determine whether routine testing helps reduce the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative medical complications.
Considering the Effect of Combining α-Blockers With Bladder Antimuscarinics in Treatment of Overactive Bladder Symptoms—Reply
Authors: Theodore M. Johnson, Kathryn L. Burgio, Stephen R. Kraus
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Geometry of DNA supercoils modulates topoisomerase-mediated DNA cleavage and enzyme response to anticancer drugs.
Authors: A. Kathleen McClendon, Neil Osheroff
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

5524 

Globally, DNA in all eukaryotic cells is underwound ( i.e. , negatively supercoiled). This puts energy into the genetic material and makes it easier to separate the two strands of the double helix. Because of the universal nature of underwound DNA, negatively supercoiled substrates have been used for many previous studies on the actions of anticancer drugs against topoisomerases. Other studies have utilized linear nucleic acid substrates, especially for mapping sites of drug-induced DNA scission. In contrast to global underwinding, the movement of DNA tracking systems through the genetic material results in an acute overwinding ( i.e. , positive supercoiling) immediately ahead of replication or transcription enzymes. Collisions with DNA tracking systems are critical for the conversion of transient topoisomerase-DNA cleavage complexes to permanent strand breaks. Since DNA is overwound immediately ahead of these systems, cleavage complexes most likely to produce permanent strand breaks should be formed between topoisomerases and positively supercoiled molecules. Despite the importance of DNA tracking enzymes to drug efficacy, relationships between the geometry of DNA supercoils and the activity of topoisomerase-targeted anticancer agents have not been characterized. Therefore, the ability of human topoisomerase IIα and β, and topoisomerase I to cleave positively supercoiled DNA was assessed in the absence and presence of anticancer drugs. Topoisomerase IIα and β maintained ∼4-fold lower levels of cleavage complexes with positively supercoiled DNA than with negatively supercoiled molecules. Topoisomerase IIα also displayed lower cleavage with overwound substrates in the presence of non-intercalative drugs. Decreased drug efficacy was due primarily to a drop in baseline ( i.e. , non-drug) cleavage, rather than an altered interaction with the enzyme-DNA complex. In addition, the geometry of DNA supercoils did not affect the site specificity of DNA scission. Similar results were seen for topoisomerase IIβ, but the effects of DNA geometry on drug-induced scission were less pronounced. With both topoisomerase IIα and β, intercalative drugs displayed higher relative cleavage enhancement with positively supercoiled DNA. This appeared to result primarily from negative effects of intercalative agents on underwound substrates. In contrast to the type II enzymes, topoisomerase I maintained ∼3-fold higher levels of cleavage complexes with positively supercoiled substrates and displayed an even more dramatic increase in the presence of camptothecin. These findings suggest that the geometry of DNA supercoils has a profound influence on topoisomerase-mediated DNA scission, and that topoisomerase I may be an intrinsically more lethal target for anticancer drugs than either topoisomerase IIα or β. This work was supported by NIH Grants GM33944 and T32 CA09582.
How is the moral stance related to the intentional stance and group thinking?
Authors: Hannes Rakoczy
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2020)

Abstract The natural history of our moral stance told here in this commentary reveals the close nexus of morality and basic social-cognitive capacities. Big mysteries about morality thus transform into smaller and more manageable ones. Here, I raise questions regarding the conceptual, ontogenetic, and evolutionary relations of the moral stance to the intentional and group stances and to shared intentionality.
Cardiomyocyte ageing and cardioprotection: consensus document from the ESC working groups cell biology of the heart and myocardial function
Authors: Marisol Ruiz-Meana, Diana Bou-Teen, Péter Ferdinandy, Mariann Gyongyosi, Maurizio Pesce, Cinzia Perrino, Rainer Schulz, Joost P G Sluijter, Carlo G Tocchetti, Thomas Thum, Rosalinda Madonna
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2020)

Abstract Advanced age is a major predisposing risk factor for the incidence of coronary syndromes and comorbid conditions which impact the heart response to cardioprotective interventions. Advanced age also significantly increases the risk of developing post-ischaemic adverse remodelling and heart failure after ischaemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Some of the signalling pathways become defective or attenuated during ageing, whereas others with well-known detrimental consequences, such as glycoxidation or proinflammatory pathways, are exacerbated. The causative mechanisms responsible for all these changes are yet to be elucidated and are a matter of active research. Here, we review the current knowledge about the pathophysiology of cardiac ageing that eventually impacts on the increased susceptibility of cells to IR injury and can affect the efficiency of cardioprotective strategies.
Youth Perceptions of Juul in the United States
Authors: Georgia G. Wood, Marika E. Waselewski, Arrice C. Bryant, Kendrin R. Sonneville, Tammy Chang
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

Perceptions of Juul in the United StatesThe use of e-cigarettes among youths has reached epidemic proportions in the United States. 1 Juul is the most popular brand of e-cigarettes among youth, and it has been criticized for marketing that targets youths. 2 Concerns of serious short-term and long-term health outcomes from e-cigarette use have led to actions from the US Food and Drug Administration, states, and municipalities to ban or restrict the sale of e-cigarettes. 3,4 For policies to be effective in curtailing the use of Juul among youth, there must be a greater understanding of youths' knowledge, beliefs, and motivations regarding this product.This study assesses the perspectives of a national sample of youths on the use of Juul (also known as juuling).Methods | Respondents are part of the National MyVoice Cohort 5 of youths aged 14 to 24 years.Youths were recruited on a rolling basis to match national demographic benchmarks, including age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, and region of the country, based on weighted samples from the American Community Survey.Online consent was obtained from participants prior to participation.This study was approved by the University of Michigan institutional review board, including a waiver of parental consent for minor participants.Demographic information was self-reported during online enrollment.From January 25, 2019, to February 1, 2019, participants were sent 4 questions via text message about the e-cigarette brand Juul: 1. Have you ever heard of Juul? 2. Why do you think people your age juul? 3. Do you think juuling is dangerous?Why or why not? 4. Do you think juuling leads to using alcohol, cigarettes, or other drugs?Why or why not?Open-ended responses were analyzed and coded independently by 2 investigators (G.G.W. and A.C.B.
Long-Term Outcomes of Primary Cardiac Malignancies
Authors: Ibrahim Sultan, Valentino Bianco, Andreas Habertheuer, Arman Kilic, Thomas G. Gleason, Edgar Aranda-Michel, Matthew E. Harinstein, Deirdre Martinez-Meehan, George Arnaoutakis, Olugbenga Okusanya
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
A Cautionary Tale: The 2019 Orphaning of Hahnemann's Graduate Medical Trainees
Authors: David Jacob Aizenberg, William C. Boyer, Lia Suzanne Logio
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Hahnemann University Hospital provided care for Philadelphians starting in 1848, but its recent history has been riddled with financial turmoil that culminated in its rapid closure in summer 2019. As the hospital shuttered its doors to patients, it also orphaned 583 medical trainees. This crisis exposed vulnerabilities in graduate medical education (GME). In a firsthand account of the situation that developed in Philadelphia and reached academic institutions across the country, the authors reflect on lessons learned that may help leaders at other institutions mitigate the inevitable difficulties that arise when academic hospitals close. These lessons pertain to handling panic and administrative burdens in the aftermath of closure, the importance of well-defined processes, a clear understanding of GME funding, and strategies for placement of trainees that minimize disruption of their education.
Panspermia—true or false?
Authors: Pushpa M Bhargava
Journal: The Lancet (2003)

I and my former colleagues at the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) worked with Chandra Wickramasinghe and colleagues on the experiment they describe.1Wickramasinghe C Wainwright M Narlikar J SARS–a clue to its origins?.Lancet. 2003; 361: 1832Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (11) Google Scholar We helped to design the cryosampler experiment and, unlike the authors of the above-mentioned letter, were present at the time of the balloon flight from Hyderabad. On that day, 16 samples were collected, of which eight were kept in Hyderabad for analysis at the CCMB; the remaining samples were sent to Wickramasinghe's group in Cardiff, UK. The CCMB's expertise in working with exotic microorganisms, such as those from Antarctica and glacial regions, is widely recognised. The basic method for analysis of cryosampler samples collected at various altitudes was developed at the CCMB by Shivaji, who also established its validity with help from his colleagues through analysis of samples collected at lower altitudes (10-20 km); as expected at this altitude, Shivaji's group isolated various clones of an organism (Pseudomonous stutzeri) commonly found on Earth (Shivaji S, personal communication). However, using the same method, the CCMB group was unable to detect any microorganisms in any of the cryosampler samples from the experiment referred to by Wickramasinghe and colleagues. Shivaji and I have asked the Cardiff group many times to repeat the work in the CCMB, but they declined to do so, leading us to believe that their results might not be reproducible. For this reason, we declined to be coauthors on the article they published in FEMS Microbiology Letters. In fact, the organisms that the Cardiff group isolated from the samples, which they claim came from space, are all normal residents of the surface of our planet. If SARS came from space, cases of the disease should have occurred independently and concurrently in more than one location on our planet. The fact is that all cases (without exception) can be traced to a single location of an extremely small size in China. Furthermore, if Wickramasinghe and colleagues were correct, new foci of SARS should have appeared by now; on the basis of what we know about the virus, this possibility would decrease exponentially with every passing day. Finally, SARS is a coronavirus. No such virus–or for that matter any RNA virus–unlike bacteria, is known to be resistant to the kind of radiation present in space. Panspermia—true or false?Author's reply Full-Text PDF
Abstract 14725: Short-Term Changes in Indices of Disease Severity Impact Prognosis in Advanced Ambulatory Heart Failure
Authors: Michelle M Kittleson, Amrut V Ambardekar, Nisha A Gilotra, Palak Shah, Gregory A Ewald, Jennifer Thibodeau, Josef Stehlik, Maryse Palardy, Jerry D Estep, J Timothy Baldwin, Lynne W Stevenson, Shokoufeh Khalatbari, Catherine A Spino, Blair Richards, Douglas L Mann, Keith D Aaronson, Garrick C Stewart
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Ambulatory patients with advanced heart failure (HF) are often considered for mechanical circulatory support. Because of their variable trajectory, patients may have changes in their ...
PTH-089 Automated immunomodulator testing; is it done by patients and are there useful lessons to be to learn when reviewing patient uptake of this service
Authors: S Rajagopal, L Johnson, S Nanton, K Lithgo, T Price, MW Johnson
Journal: Gut (2017)

Introduction  Traditionally gastroenterologists have individually monitored their inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients on thiopurine metabolite (TPM) immunomodulator (IM) therapies, (eg. azathioprine (AZA) or 6-mercaptopurine (6MP)), with 3 monthly blood tests. The uptake and effectiveness of this practice is not well understood.  Objective: We were keen to review the uptake and outcome of IM monitoring locally, and to see if we could improve it.  Method  Local data on the National IBD Registry was used to identify all patients thought to be on TPM therapy. For 1 year a selected group were then offered automated blood testing in January, April, July and October. An IM cohort was created on our hospital laboratory testing and results system (ICE) to allow mass batch test generation, regardless of the consultant in charge, and thereby reduce workload. The pooled results were then reviewed by the IBD nurses. We recorded when these tests were completed and set up an alert system for patients failing to complete their monitoring assessments.  Results  Of our 3462 local IBD patients, 525 were identified as being prescribed AZA or 6MP, and of these 464 patients were offered automated testing. By 2016 we had finished 1 year of data collection, and during this time only 171 (40%) completed all 4 tests, 109 (25%) completed 3, 73 (17%) completed 2, 58 (13%) completed just 1, and 53 (11.4%) had avoided all monitoring tests. We reviewed the notes of patients failing all 4 tests, and contacted them directly. It transpired that 24 had decided to stop themselves, 9 had moved away, 5 claimed their GPs were monitoring them, 2 had never been started on TGMs, 6 were lost to follow up, and 1 had fallen into remission, and 3 were stopped by Consultants because of intolerances. There were also 3 patients who were advised to stop because of side effects; 2 with leucopenia and 1 with pancytopenia.  Conclusion  Routine 3 monthly IM testing is commonly performed throughout UK and can be costly and time consuming. Improvements were made in our local IM Service, through mass automated batch testing and a pooled monitoring system, but the actual patient uptake was still a little disappointing. Non-compliance with TPM therapy is common, and can lead to flares, complications, recurrent courses of steroids and treatment escalation. 184 (40%) patients completed less than half their tests, with total non-compliance being seen in 5%. When patients were directly challenged about their total non-compliance with IM monitoring 45% admitted not taking their TPM therapy. Whilst regular testing did pick up 3 patients with side effects, further work will be needed to assess the effectiveness of this practice.  Disclosure of Interest  None Declared
Triple combination of interferon beta-1b, lopinavir–ritonavir, and ribavirin in the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial
Authors: Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung, Kwok-Cheung Lung, Eugene Yuk-Keung Tso, Raymond Liu, Tom Wai-Hin Chung, Man-Yee Chu, Yuk-Yung Ng, Jenny Lo, Jacky Chan, Anthony Raymond Tam, Hoi-Ping Shum, Veronica Chan, Alan Ka-Lun Wu, Kit-Man Sin, Wai-Shing Leung, Wai-Lam Law, David Christopher Lung, Simon Sin, Pauline Yeung, Cyril Chik-Yan Yip, Ricky Ruiqi Zhang, Agnes Yim-Fong Fung, Erica Yuen-Wing Yan, Kit-Hang Leung, Jonathan Daniel Ip, Allen Wing-Ho Chu, Wan-Mui Chan, Anthony Chin-Ki Ng, Rodney Lee, Kitty Fung, Alwin Yeung, Tak-Chiu Wu, Johnny Wai-Man Chan, Wing-Wah Yan, Wai-Ming Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan, Albert Kwok-Wai Lie, Owen Tak-Yin Tsang, Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng, Tak-Lun Que, Chak-Sing Lau, Kwok-Hung Chan, Kelvin Kai-Wang To, Kwok-Yung Yuen
Journal: The Lancet (2020)
Sensitive diagnostic tools and targeted drug administration strategies are needed to eliminate schistosomiasis
Authors: Abena S Amoah, Pytsje T Hoekstra, Miriam Casacuberta-Partal, Luc E Coffeng, Paul L A M Corstjens, Beatrice Greco, Lisette van Lieshout, Mark D Lim, Christine F Markwalter, Maurice R Odiere, Jutta Reinhard-Rupp, Meta Roestenberg, Russell Stothard, Louis-Albert Tchuem Tchuenté, Sake J de Vlas, Govert J van Dam
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2020)
Physics, Instrumentation, and Radiation Safety and Regulations
Authors: Pat Zanzonico
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Nuclear Medicine imaging utilizes unsealed sources of radioactivity administered in the form of radiopharmaceuticals; the ionizing radiations which accompany the decay of the administered radioactivity can be detected, measured, and localized with specially designed instrumentation. This chapter begins with atomic and nuclear structure, radioactivity and radioactive decay, and interactions of radiation with matter. This is followed by a discussion of techniques for detection and measurement of radiation, the design and operating principle of detection and imaging instruments, instrument quality control, and radiation protection.