tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AB0250 OSTEOPOROSIS, VERTEBRAL FRACTURES AND NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: ARE THEY ASSOCIATED?
Authors: H. Azzouzi, B. Touil, I. Linda
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a frequent finding in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It has been advanced that NAFLD and vertebral fractures (VF) are associated in healthy men recently(1). Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate NAFLD association with BMD and VF in RA population. Methods: Cross-sectional study was made at our rheumatology department, patients with RA have been assessed for NAFLD with ultrasonography and osteoporosis (hip and lumber BMD) with DXA device. Patients with secondary liver disease (viral, alcoholic) were excluded. Data about osteoporosis risk factors, clinical features and laboratory tests (liver enzymes, lipid profile, hemoglobin, ferritin, etc) were collected. Anterior vertebral fractures (VF) were assessed by lateral spine radiographs. Comparison of patients with and without NAFLD was done by SPSS.20. Multiple regressions were made to explain osteoporosis and VF with models including NAFLD and other risk factors. Significance was defined by p under 0.05. Results: We have included 172 RA patients, mean age was 55.4±11.9 years. Ninety per cent were females. Their average BMI was 26.8±5.47. Hypertension was diagnosed in 23.8% and 16.3% had diabetes. Forty per cent (40.1) had osteoporosis, 27.3% (47) had NAFLD. RA patients with NAFLD were older (p=0.04), obese (p=0.003), frequently associated to diabetes (p=0.02), Sjogren’s disease (p=0.001), higher total cholesterol (p=0.02) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (p=0.002). Comparison tests did not reveal any associations with fractures, BMD or osteoporosis. In multiple regression models, patients with NAFLD and altered liver enzymes were associated to VF (p=0.04, OR=4.7[1.05-21.69] but not to BMD when adjusted on age (p=0.02), BMI (p=0.02), diabetes, menopause and Sjogren’s disease. Conclusion: NAFLD was frequent among our RA patients and was associated to VF prevalence in this study but not to BMD. References: [1]Mantovani A, Dauriz M, Gatti D, Viapiana O, Zoppini G, Lippi G, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with a history of osteoporotic fractures but not with low bone mineral density. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2019 Feb;49(4):375–88. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Duplicated Hospital Facilities
Authors: William B. Schwartz, Paul L. Joskow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

One strategy for controlling the costs of health care is to eliminate duplicative hospital facilities so that the current volume of services can be delivered more efficiently. We evaluated the potential saving from consolidating hospital facilities according to the guidelines recently established by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Eliminating duplication in four categories (computerized axial-tomographic scanners, open-heart surgery and cardiac-catheterization units, megavoltage-radiation units, and general hospital beds) would yield a potential theoretical saving of about $1 billion a year. However, the resulting indirect costs, such as those incurred by certificate-of-need programs and by moving patients from one facility to another, would reduce or possibly eradicate this gain. Overall, the expected saving falls far short of HHS goals. We conclude that only by reducing the demand for services will substantial savings be realized.
IRESbase: A Comprehensive Database of Experimentally Validated Internal Ribosome Entry Sites
Authors: Jian Zhao, Yan Li, Cong Wang, Haotian Zhang, Hao Zhang, Bin Jiang, Xuejiang Guo, Xiaofeng Song
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2020)

Abstract Internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) are functional RNA elements that can directly recruit ribosomes to an internal position of the mRNA in a cap-independent manner to initiate translation. Recently, IRES elements have attracted much attention for their critical roles in various processes including translation initiation of a new type of RNA, circular RNA (circRNA), with no 5′ cap to support classical cap-dependent translation. Thus, an integrative data resource of IRES elements with experimental evidence will be useful for further studies. In this study, we present IRESbase, a comprehensive database of IRESs, by curating the experimentally validated functional minimal IRES elements from literature and annotating their host linear and circular RNAs. The current version of IRESbase contains 1328 IRESs, including 774 eukaryotic IRESs and 554 viral IRESs from 11 eukaryotic organisms and 198 viruses, respectively. As IRESbase collects only IRES of minimal length with functional evidence, the median length of IRESs in IRESbase is 174 nucleotides. By mapping IRESs to human circRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), 2191 circRNAs and 168 lncRNAs were found to contain at least one entire or partial IRES sequence. IRESbase is available at http://reprod.njmu.edu.cn/cgi-bin/iresbase/index.php.
Use of personal protective equipment against coronavirus disease 2019 by healthcare professionals in Wuhan, China: cross sectional study
Authors: Min Liu, Shou-Zhen Cheng, Ke-Wei Xu, Yang Yang, Qing-Tang Zhu, Hui Zhang, Da-Ya Yang, Shu-Yuan Cheng, Han Xiao, Ji-Wen Wang, He-Rui Yao, Yu-Tian Cong, Yu-Qi Zhou, Sui Peng, Ming Kuang, Fan-Fan Hou, KK Cheng, Hai-Peng Xiao
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Abstract Objective To examine the protective effects of appropriate personal protective equipment for frontline healthcare professionals who provided care for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). Design Cross sectional study. Setting Four hospitals in Wuhan, China. Participants 420 healthcare professionals (116 doctors and 304 nurses) who were deployed to Wuhan by two affiliated hospitals of Sun Yat-sen University and Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University for 6-8 weeks from 24 January to 7 April 2020. These study participants were provided with appropriate personal protective equipment to deliver healthcare to patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 and were involved in aerosol generating procedures. 77 healthcare professionals with no exposure history to covid-19 and 80 patients who had recovered from covid-19 were recruited to verify the accuracy of antibody testing. Main outcome measures Covid-19 related symptoms (fever, cough, and dyspnoea) and evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, defined as a positive test for virus specific nucleic acids in nasopharyngeal swabs, or a positive test for IgM or IgG antibodies in the serum samples. Results The average age of study participants was 35.8 years and 68.1% (286/420) were women. These study participants worked 4-6 hour shifts for an average of 5.4 days a week; they worked an average of 16.2 hours each week in intensive care units. All 420 study participants had direct contact with patients with covid-19 and performed at least one aerosol generating procedure. During the deployment period in Wuhan, none of the study participants reported covid-19 related symptoms. When the participants returned home, they all tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 specific nucleic acids and IgM or IgG antibodies (95% confidence interval 0.0 to 0.7%). Conclusion Before a safe and effective vaccine becomes available, healthcare professionals remain susceptible to covid-19. Despite being at high risk of exposure, study participants were appropriately protected and did not contract infection or develop protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Healthcare systems must give priority to the procurement and distribution of personal protective equipment, and provide adequate training to healthcare professionals in its use.
Osimertinib as adjuvant therapy in patients (pts) with stage IB–IIIA EGFR mutation positive (EGFRm) NSCLC after complete tumor resection: ADAURA.
Authors: Roy S. Herbst, Masahiro Tsuboi, Thomas John, Christian Grohé, Margarita Majem, Jonathan Wade Goldman, Sang-We Kim, Dominika Marmol, Yuri Rukazenkov, Yi-Long Wu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

LBA5 Background: Osimertinib is a 3rd-generation, CNS-active, EGFR-TKI with superior efficacy to comparator EGFR-TKI (gefitinib/erlotinib) in treatment-naïve EGFRm advanced NSCLC. Approx. 30% of pts with NSCLC present with early stage (I–IIIA) disease; surgery is the primary treatment. Adjuvant chemotherapy is standard of care in pts with resected stage II–III NSCLC and select stage IB pts; however, recurrence rates are high and other therapies are needed. ADAURA (NCT02511106) is a Ph III, double-blind, randomized study assessing the efficacy and safety of osimertinib vs placebo (PBO) in pts with stage IB–IIIA EGFRm NSCLC after complete tumor resection and adjuvant chemotherapy, when indicated. Following Independent Data Monitoring Committee recommendation, the trial was unblinded early due to efficacy; we report an unplanned interim analysis. Methods: Eligible pts: ≥18 years (Japan/Taiwan: ≥20), WHO PS 0/1, primary non-squamous stage IB/II/IIIA NSCLC, confirmed EGFRm (ex19del/L858R), complete resection of primary NSCLC with full recovery from surgery; postoperative chemotherapy was allowed. Pts were randomized 1:1 to osimertinib 80 mg once daily orally or PBO to receive treatment for up to 3 years and stratified by stage (IB/II/IIIA), mutation type (ex19del/L858R), and race (Asian/non-Asian). Primary endpoint: disease-free survival (DFS) by investigator in stage II–IIIA pts. Secondary endpoints: overall survival (OS) and safety. Data cutoff (DCO): 17 Jan 2020. Results: Globally, 682 pts were randomized to treatment: osimertinib n=339, PBO n=343. Baseline characteristics were balanced across arms (osimertinib/PBO): stage IB 31/31%, stage II/IIIA 69/69%, female 68/72%, ex19del 55/56%, L858R 45/44%. In stage II–IIIA pts, DFS hazard ratio (HR) was 0.17 (95% CI 0.12, 0.23); p&lt;0.0001 (156/470 events); 2-year DFS rate was 90% with osimertinib vs 44% with PBO. In the overall population, DFS HR was 0.21 (0.16, 0.28); p&lt;0.0001 (196/682 events); 2-year DFS rate was 89% with osimertinib vs 53% with PBO. OS was immature (4% maturity) with 29/682 deaths (osimertinib n=9, PBO n=20) at DCO. The safety profile was consistent with the known safety profile of osimertinib. Conclusions: Adjuvant osimertinib is the 1st targeted agent in a global trial to show a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in DFS in pts with stage IB/II/IIIA EGFRm NSCLC after complete tumor resection and adjuvant chemotherapy, when indicated. Adjuvant osimertinib provides an effective new treatment strategy for these pts. Clinical trial information: NCT02511106 .
Covid-19: Chief statistician criticises government over reporting of testing
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The chair of the UK Statistics Authority has said that recent limited changes to how the government presents its official data on covid-19 tests, although welcome, mean that the figures are “still far from complete and comprehensible.”

In a letter to the health secretary Matt Hancock, David Norgrove said that the way the data are analysed and presented currently “gives them limited value” to help scientists understand the epidemic and extract basic trends. “The aim seems to be to show …
CD19-Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified T Cells with Safety Switch Produced Under “Point-of-Care” Using the Sleeping Beauty System for the Very Rapid Manufacture and Treatment of B-Cell Malignancies
Authors: Tim Chan, John Gallagher, Nai-Lin Cheng, Fernando Carvajal-Borda, Jacques Plummer, Adeline Govekung, John A Barrett, Pranay D. Khare, Laurence J N Cooper, Rutul R Shah
Journal: Blood (2017)
Abstract A09: Pregnancy reprograms the epigenome of mammary epithelial cells and blocks the development of premalignant mammary lesions in response to cMYC-overexpression
Authors: Mary J. Feigman, Matthew A. Moss, Chen Chen, Samantha L. Cyrill, Michael Ciccone, Marygrace Trousdell, Shih Ting Yang, Wesley D. Frey, John E. Wilkinson, Camila O. dos Santos
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Pregnancy instates a series of cellular and molecular modifications in the mammary epithelial cells (MECs) of the adult female mammary gland. Pregnancy is also known for decreasing the predisposition of rodent and human MECs to oncogenesis. In order to understand the molecular basis for this protective effect, we analyzed the epigenetic changes in the enhancer landscape of murine, post-pregnancy MECs, and their effect on gene regulation, tissue development, and oncogenesis. Using in vivo and in vitro models of normal and malignant mammary development, we found that completion of a pregnancy cycle changed the dynamics of cellular proliferation and gene expression in response to a second wave of pregnancy hormones. Our results also demonstrated that post-pregnancy MECs are resistant to the molecular programs driven by cMYC overexpression, a response that blocked the development of premalignant lesions but did not perturb the pregnancy-induced epigenomic landscape. Citation Format: Mary J. Feigman, Matthew A. Moss, Chen Chen, Samantha L. Cyrill, Michael Ciccone, Marygrace Trousdell, Shih Ting Yang, Wesley D. Frey, John E. Wilkinson, Camila O. dos Santos. Pregnancy reprograms the epigenome of mammary epithelial cells and blocks the development of premalignant mammary lesions in response to cMYC-overexpression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolving Landscape of Cancer Modeling; 2020 Mar 2-5; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A09.
PRICKLE3 linked to ATPase biogenesis manifested Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy
Authors: Jialing Yu, Xiaoyang Liang, Yanchun Ji, Cheng Ai, Junxia Liu, Ling Zhu, Zhipeng Nie, Xiaofen Jin, Chenghui Wang, Juanjuan Zhang, Fuxin Zhao, Shuang Mei, Xiaoxu Zhao, Xiangtian Zhou, Minglian Zhang, Meng Wang, Taosheng Huang, Pingping Jiang, Min-Xin Guan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited eye disease. X-linked nuclear modifiers were proposed to modify the phenotypic manifestation of LHON-associated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. By whole-exome sequencing, we identified the X-linked LHON modifier (c.157C>T, p.Arg53Trp) in PRICKLE3 encoding a mitochondrial protein linked to biogenesis of ATPase in 3 Chinese families. All affected individuals carried both ND4 11778G>A and p.Arg53Trp mutations, while subjects bearing only a single mutation exhibited normal vision. The cells carrying the p.Arg53Trp mutation exhibited defective assembly, stability, and function of ATP synthase, verified by PRICKLE3-knockdown cells. Coimmunoprecipitation indicated the direct interaction of PRICKLE3 with ATP synthase via ATP8. Strikingly, cells bearing both p.Arg53Trp and m.11778G>A mutations displayed greater mitochondrial dysfunction than those carrying only a single mutation. This finding indicated that the p.Arg53Trp mutation acted in synergy with the m.11778G>A mutation and deteriorated mitochondrial dysfunctions necessary for the expression of LHON. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Prickle3-deficient mice exhibited pronounced ATPase deficiencies. Prickle3-knockout mice recapitulated LHON phenotypes with retinal deficiencies, including degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and abnormal vasculature. Our findings provided new insights into the pathophysiology of LHON that were manifested by interaction between mtDNA mutations and X-linked nuclear modifiers.
CAMPHOR score: patient-reported outcomes are improved by pulmonary endarterectomy in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Michael Newnham, Katherine Bunclark, Nisha Abraham, Samantha Ali, Liliana Amaral-Almeida, John E. Cannon, Natalie Doughty, Choo Ng, Anie Ponnaberanam, Karen Sheares, Nicola Speed, Dolores Taboada, Mark Toshner, Steven Tsui, David P. Jenkins, Joanna Pepke-Zaba
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Background Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is the recommended treatment for eligible patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). The Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) score is an internationally validated patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure for CTEPH. It assesses three domains: activity, quality of life (QoL) and symptoms. We assessed PROs in patients with CTEPH undergoing PEA. Methods This retrospective observational study of consecutive CTEPH patients undergoing PEA at the UK national PEA centre between 2006 and 2017 assessed change in CAMPHOR score from baseline (pre-PEA) until up to 5 years post-PEA. CAMPHOR scores were compared between 1) those with and without clinically significant residual pulmonary hypertension and 2) those undergoing PEA and propensity-matched CTEPH patients who were not operated on. The minimally clinically important difference (MCID) was calculated using an anchor-based method. Results Out of 1324 CTEPH patients who underwent PEA, 1053 (80%) had a CAMPHOR score recorded pre-PEA, 934 (71%) had a score recorded within a year of PEA and 784 (60%) had both. There were significant improvements between pre- and post-PEA in all three CAMPHOR domains (median±interquartile range activity −5±7, QoL −4±8, symptoms −7±8; all p&lt;0.0001). Improvements in CAMPHOR score were greater and more sustained in those without clinically significant residual pulmonary hypertension. CTEPH patients undergoing PEA had better CAMPHOR scores than those not operated on. The MCID in CAMPHOR score was −3±5 for activity, −4±7 for QoL and −6±7 for symptoms. Conclusions PROs are markedly improved by PEA in patients with CTEPH, more so in those without clinically significant residual pulmonary hypertension.
Hyperhidrosis Quality of Life Index (HidroQoL©): further validation and clinical application in patients with axillary hyperhidrosis using data from a phase III randomized controlled trial*
Authors: M. Gabes, C. Jourdan, K. Schramm, C. Masur, C. Abels, P. Kamudoni, S. Salek, C. Apfelbacher
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Background The Hyperhidrosis Quality of Life Index (HidroQoL©) is a validated patient-reported outcome measure capturing the quality of life of people affected by hyperhidrosis. Objectives We aimed to extend the validity evidence to physician-confirmed diagnosis of primary axillary hyperhidrosis. Methods Data from a phase III randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial were used (n = 171). Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out to confirm the a priori two-factor structure of the HidroQoL. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's α. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to evaluate test–retest reliability after days –7 to –4. Convergent validity was assessed using correlations with the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) and gravimetric sweat production. Known groups were analysed to evaluate discriminative validity. Responsiveness after 29 days was assessed and minimal important difference (MID) values were calculated using both anchor- and distribution-based approaches. All analyses were carried out for total HidroQoL and its two domains. Results The two-factor structure of the HidroQoL was confirmed. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were strong (Cronbach's α 0·81–0·90; ICCs 0·89–0·93). Correlations with other outcome measures were in line with a priori hypotheses. The HidroQoL discriminated between different severity groups (P ≤ 0·001) and showed sensitivity to change towards improvement (P < 0·001). An MID value of 4 is proposed for the total scale. Conclusions This study supports excellent measurement properties including clinical applicability of the HidroQoL in primary axillary hyperhidrosis and suggests a MID of 4 be applied to clinical trial data.
User-Centered Psychiatric Epidemiology
Authors: Carlos Blanco, Marsha F. Lopez, Amy B. Goldstein
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Mental health and challenges of transgender women: A qualitative study in Brazil and India
Authors: Jaqueline Gomes de Jesus, C. Micha Belden, Hy V. Huynh, Monica Malta, Sara LeGrand, Venkata Gopala Krishna Kaza, Kathryn Whetten
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2020)

Background: Transgender women from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are understudied, their coping strategies and struggles underrecognised. Aims: This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of transgender women from two major cities located in Brazil and India, LMICs with high rates of transphobia and gender-based violence. Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods, exploratory study, including focus group discussions (FGDs) and brief survey interviews with 23 transgender women from Hyderabad, India and 12 transgender women from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Herein we present the combined (qualitative and quantitative) results related to discrimination, stigma, violence, and suicidality in transgender women's lives. Results: Three major themes emerged from FGDs: stigma and discrimination; violence, and suicidality. Lack of education and working opportunities influence high levels of poverty and engagement in survival sex work by transgender women in both cities. Study participants live in large cities with more than 6 million inhabitants, but transgender women reported chronic social isolation. Participants disclosed frequent suicide ideation and suicide attempts. Brief surveys corroborate FGD findings, identifying high prevalence of discrimination, intimate partner violence, suicidality and low social support. Discussion: Multiple layers of stigma, discrimination, violence and social isolation affect transgender women's quality of life in Hyderabad and Rio de Janeiro. Strategies sensitive to gender and culture should be implemented to tackle entrenched prejudice and social exclusion reported by transgender women. Additional social support strategies, better access to education and employment opportunities are also urgently needed. Improving the availability of evidence-based mental health interventions addressing the high prevalence of suicidality among transgender women from Hyderabad, India and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil should be prioritized.