tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cascading Risks of COVID-19 Resurgence During an Active 2020 Atlantic Hurricane Season
Authors: James M. Shultz, Craig Fugate, Sandro Galea
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Precision Public Health as a Key Tool in the COVID-19 Response
Authors: Sonja A. Rasmussen, Muin J. Khoury, Carlos del Rio
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Precision Public Health as a Key Tool in the COVID-19 ResponseWith more than 20 million cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) globally and now exceeding 5 million cases in the United States, the COVID-19 pandemic represents one of the greatest public health challenges in more than a century.To succeed against COVID-19, multiple public health tools and interventions will be needed to minimize morbidity and mortality related to COVID-19.Although extreme public health interventions, for example, lockdowns and stay-at-home mandates, were initially critical to flattening the curve, many fundamental questions remain, such as when can employees deemed nonessential return to work, how can children safely return to school, and who should be first to receive a vaccine once it becomes available.Information about who is at highest risk of hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and death based on age, sex, race/ethnicity, and underlying conditions is now becoming available. 1In addition, the relationship between neighborhood factors (eg, increased neighborhood household crowding rate) and risks for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and COVID-19 disease outcomes are now recognized. 2 These rapidly accruing data suggest that it might be possible to better target interventions for populations, ie, precision public health.Similar to how precision medicine uses genomic and other personalized patient data to provide the right treatment to the right patient at the right time, precision public health is an emerging discipline that uses extensive population-specific data to provide the right intervention to the right population at the right time. 3 Precision public health uses data from traditional and emerging sources to target interventions for populations by person, place, and time, in part with a focus on reducing health disparities.Analogous to the use of genomic information in precision medicine, pathogen genomics has become the leading prototype of precision public health, with numerous applications in tracking and control of infectious disease outbreaks, most notably for foodborne diseases.An example of using pathogenic genomics for the COVID-19 response is the application of a combination of whole-genome sequence analyses and epidemiological data in the Netherlands to provide reliable assessments of SARS-CoV-2 community transmission patterns.These data about transmission patterns were used to better inform decisions regarding cancellation of mass gatherings and recommendations regarding working from home and school closures. 4eyond genomics, granular data from public health surveillance are essential to target public health interventions.For example, when assessing child mortality in Africa, maps that include a high spatial resolution identified significant disparities that would have been missed with a country-level analysis. 3Another example is the na-
Microbial Imidazole Propionate Affects Responses to Metformin through p38γ-Dependent Inhibitory AMPK Phosphorylation
Authors: Ara Koh, Louise Mannerås-Holm, Na-Oh Yunn, Peter M. Nilsson, Sung Ho Ryu, Antonio Molinaro, Rosie Perkins, J. Gustav Smith, Fredrik Bäckhed
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2020)

Metformin is the first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes, but there are large inter-individual variations in responses to this drug. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and changes in the gut microbiota appear to be important. The inhibitory role of microbial metabolites on metformin action has not previously been investigated. Here, we show that concentrations of the microbial metabolite imidazole propionate are higher in subjects with type 2 diabetes taking metformin who have high blood glucose. We also show that metformin-induced glucose lowering is not observed in mice pretreated with imidazole propionate. Furthermore, we demonstrate that imidazole propionate inhibits AMPK activity by inducing inhibitory AMPK phosphorylation, which is dependent on imidazole propionate-induced basal Akt activation. Finally, we identify imidazole propionate-activated p38γ as a novel kinase for Akt and demonstrate that p38γ kinase activity mediates the inhibitory action of imidazole propionate on metformin.
Compression Therapy to Prevent Recurrent Cellulitis of the Leg
Authors: Elizabeth Webb, Teresa Neeman, Francis J. Bowden, Jamie Gaida, Virginia Mumford, Bernie Bissett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Chronic edema of the leg is a risk factor for cellulitis. Daily use of compression garments on the leg has been recommended to prevent the recurrence of cellulitis, but there is limited evidence from trials regarding its effectiveness.
Understanding the Health Literacy in Patients With Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Leydi C. Velasquez Pereira, Bogac Ercig, Kadri Kangro, Matthieu Jamme, Sandrine Malot, Lionel Galicier, Pascale Poullin, François Provôt, Claire Presne, Tarik Kanouni, Aude Servais, Ygal Benhamou, Nicolas Daguindau, Karen Vanhoorelbeke, Elie Azoulay, Agnès Veyradier, Paul Coppo
Journal: HemaSphere (2020)

Following an acute thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) episode, patients are at risk for relapse, and a careful long-term follow-up is needed. Adherence to the follow-up by patients implies a good understanding of the disease. However, TTP literacy in patients is currently unknown. To explore the TTP literacy in patients and identify factors associated with poor disease understanding, a questionnaire was developed focusing on patient's characteristics, knowledge about TTP and patients' actions in an emergency. The questionnaire was presented to 120 TTP patients in remission from the French National Registry for Thrombotic Microangiopathies. TTP literacy was low in 24%, intermediate in 43% and high in 33% of the patients. Low TTP literacy was associated with older age and low education level. Among the knowledge gaps identified, few patients knew that plasma exchange in acute phase is mandatory and has to be done daily (39%), 47% of participants did not consider themselves at risk for relapse, and 30% of women did not know that pregnancy exposes them to a greater risk of relapse. Importantly, few patients responded about life-saving actions in an emergency. Hence, the design of educational material should pay special attention to the age and education level of the target population focusing on the events leading to TTP, the importance of the emergency treatment, controllable predisposing factors for TTP development and patient attitude in an emergency.
HI-511 overcomes melanoma drug resistance <i>via</i> targeting AURKB and BRAF V600E
Authors: Xiaoyu Chang, Tianshun Zhang, Qiushi Wang, Moeez Ghani Rathore, Kanamata Reddy, Hanyong Chen, Seung Ho Shin, Wei-ya Ma, Ann M Bode, Zigang Dong
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Rationale: Melanoma is an aggressive tumor of the skin and drug resistance is still a major problem in melanoma therapy. Novel targets and effective agents to overcome drug resistant melanoma are urgently needed in clinical therapy. Methods: Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database analysis, pathway enrichment analysis, and survival rate analysis were utilized to identify a candidate target. An anchorage-independent cell growth assay, flow cytometry, Western blot, and a xenograft mouse model were used to study the function of Aurora kinase B (AURKB) in both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant melanoma. Next, HI-511, a novel dual-target inhibitor targeting both AURKB and BRAF V600E, was designed and examined by an in vitro kinase assay. Methods as indicated above in addition to a BRAF V600E/PTEN-loss melanoma mouse model were used to demonstrate the effect of HI-511 on melanoma development in vitro and in vivo. Results: AURKB is highly expressed in melanoma and especially in vemurafenib-resistant melanoma and the expression was correlated with patient survival rate. Knocking down AURKB inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in melanoma, which was associated with the BRAF/MEK/ERKs and PI3-K/AKT signaling pathways. Importantly, we found that HI-511, a novel dual-target inhibitor against AURKB and BRAF V600E, suppresses both vemurafenib-sensitive and vemurafenib-resistant melanoma growth in vitro and in vivo by inducing apoptosis and mediating the inhibition of the BRAF/MEK/ERKs and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Conclusion: AURKB is a potential target for melanoma treatment. HI-511, a novel dual-target inhibitor against both AURKB and BRAF V600E, could achieve durable suppression of melanoma growth, even drug-resistant melanoma growth.
Evolocumab and Outcomes in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: M.P. Bonaca, P. Nault, R.P. Giugliano, A.C. Keech, A.L. Pineda, E. Kanevsky, S.A. Murphy, J.W. Jukema, B.S. Lewis, L. Tokgozoglu, R. Somaratne, P.S. Server, T.R. Pedersen, Sabatine
Journal: Circulation (2017)
Abstract A02: Photodynamic therapy in combination with immunotherapy enhances the long-term cure of bladder cancer in tumored mice
Authors: Farukh Durrani, Ahmed Aly, Khurshid Guru, Ravindra Pandey
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Introduction and Objectives: To investigate the utility of combination approach for treating bladder cancer, mice bearing UMUC3 (human transitional cell carcinoma) and T24 (human urinary bladder) tumors were treated with HPPH (2-[1-hexyloxyethyl]-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a)-PDT alone and in combination with BCG. The HPPH, a multifunctional agent, was selected as a photosensitizer because of its higher tumor avidity, improved fluorescence imaging ability, and limited skin phototoxicity than Photofrin, a current clinical standard. Methods: Imaging: IVIS/Spectrum: A noninvasive in vivo, continuous wave fluorescence imaging apparatus used to assess the localization and distribution of the PS at variable time points. In vivo efficacy studies using UMUC3 and T24 tumors in SCID mice with PS HPPH in combination with BCG. Results: Imaging: Tumor uptake in UMUC3 and T24 tumors using IVIS Imaging. PS HPPH showed high tumor uptake and significant difference in their pharmacokinetic profiles in UMUC3 and T24 tumors implanted in SCID mice: The SCID mice bearing either UMUC3 or T24 tumors (4-5 mm size) were injected with the PS HPPH. The tumored mice (3 mice/group) at a dose of 0.47 u-mol/kg) and imaged at variable time points. The uptake of tumor, liver, and skin was measured by IVIS system and interesting pharmacokinetic profiles of the PS were observed. The optimal tumors uptake in UMUC3 and T24 were at 24 hours and 8-12 hours, respectively. In vivo efficacy studies: PS (HPPH) in combination with BCG shows enhanced PDT efficacy CR (Cures) Day 30 = 14/22 = 63.6% and RG (Re-Growth) 6/22 = 36.4% in bladder tumors (UMUC3). To investigate the utility of combination treatment approach for treating bladder cancer, mice bearing UMUC3 tumors were injected intravenously with HPPH (0.47 u-mol/kg) and the tumors were exposed to laser light (135 J/cm2, 75 mW/cm2) at 24 h post-injection. One hour after the PDT treatment, BCG was injected (1-1.5 × 106 CFU), SQ weekly x 3 doses, and at day 30 the results are very encouraging. Conclusions: The HPPH showed higher in vivo uptake (determined by fluorescence) in UMUC3 and T24 bladder cancer tumors with significant differences in the two tumor types. The treatment of HPPH-PDT in combination with BCG using SCID mice bearing UMUC3 tumors showed enhanced long-term tumor cure. Before initiating this approach to human phase I clinical trial, further studies are under way. Source of funding: Roswell Park Alliance Foundation. Citation Format: Farukh Durrani, Ahmed Aly, Khurshid Guru, Ravindra Pandey. Photodynamic therapy in combination with immunotherapy enhances the long-term cure of bladder cancer in tumored mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Bladder Cancer: Transforming the Field; 2019 May 18-21; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(15_Suppl):Abstract nr A02.
Paediatric reproducibility limits for the forced expiratory volume in 1 s
Authors: Sanja Stanojevic, Nicole Filipow, Felix Ratjen
Journal: Thorax (2020)

Background Current reproducibility standards for spirometry were derived using a small adult dataset and may not be optimal for interpretation of repeated measurements of lung function in children. Objective To define reproducibility limits for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) change that represent the normal within-subject between-visit variability in healthy children and evaluate these limits as a tool to monitor children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods Repeated FEV 1 measurements (3 months to 5 years apart) from healthy children from the Global Lung Function Initiative data repository were used to derive a conditional change score. Spirometry and clinical data from a CF clinical database was used to verify utility in clinical practice. Results A reproducibility change score was derived from 47 938 FEV 1 measures from 7885 healthy children 6–18 years of age. The simple algorithm, which is conditional on the initial measurement, also accounts for age and time interval between measurements. The change score limits of reproducibility were much narrower than currently used cut-offs. Specifically, changes, considered as improvements using either a 12% or 10% relative change from baseline, are too wide for children. In CF, there was overall agreement between different approaches, with the distinct advantage that the change score was not biased by regression to the mean. Conclusions Compared with current approaches to interpretation of repeated lung function measurements, the proposed change score was less biased and provides a simple alternative to reduce misinterpretation.
Safety and Efficacy of Crizotinib in ALK-Positive Lymphomas: A Phase 1b Open-Label Study
Authors: Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini, Sergey Orlov, Li Zhang, Fadi Braiteh, Huiqiang Huang, Taito Esaki, Keizo Horibe, Jin-Seok Ahn, Joseph T. Beck, William Jeffrey Edenfield, Yuankai Shi, Matthew Taylor, Kenji Tamura, Brian A. Van Tine, Shang-Ju Wu, Jolanda Paolini, Sherry Li, Tae Min Kim
Journal: Blood (2017)
Engineering Nanoparticles toward the Modulation of Emerging Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Shuren Wang, Zhaoli Sun, Yanglong Hou
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Cancer immunotherapy is a new therapeutic strategy to fight cancer by activating the patients' own immune system. At present, immunotherapy approaches such as cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), adoptive cell transfer (ACT), monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) therapy, and cytokines therapy have therapeutic potential in preclinical and clinical applications. However, the intrinsic limitations of conventional immunotherapy are difficulty of precise dosage control, insufficient enrichment in tumor tissues, partial immune response silencing or hyperactivity, and high cost. Engineering nanoparticles (NPs) have been emerging as a promising multifunctional platform to enhance conventional immunotherapy due to their intrinsic immunogenicity, convenient delivery function, controlled surface chemistry activity, multifunctional modifying potential, and intelligent targeting. This review presents the recent progress reflected by engineering NPs, including the diversified selection of functionalized NPs, the superiority of engineering NPs for enhancing conventional immunotherapy, and NP-mediated multiscale strategies for synergistic therapy consisting of compositions and their mechanism. Finally, the perspective on multifunctional NP-based cancer immunotherapy for boosting immunomodulation is discussed, which reveals the expanding landscape of engineering NPs in clinical translation.
Screening Asymptomatic Kidney Transplant Candidates—<i>Primum Non Nocere</i>
Authors: Joshua A. Beckman, Matthew D. McEvoy
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Promising Early Results for Potent, Long-Acting HIV Injection
Authors: Jennifer Abbasi
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Defining diet quality: a synthesis of dietary quality metrics and their validity for the double burden of malnutrition
Authors: Victoria Miller, Patrick Webb, Renata Micha, Dariush Mozaffarian
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2020)

Achieving most of the UN Sustainable Development Goals requires a strong focus on addressing the double burden of malnutrition, which includes both diet-related maternal and child health (MCH) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Although, the most optimal dietary metric for assessing malnutrition remains unclear. Our aim was to review available global dietary quality metrics (hereafter referred to as dietary metrics) and evidence for their validity to assess MCH and NCD outcomes, both separately and together. A systematic search of PubMed was done to identify meta-analyses or narrative reviews evaluating validity of diet metrics in relation to nutrient adequacy or health outcomes. We identified seven dietary metrics aiming to address MCH and 12 for NCDs, no dietary metrics addressed both together. Four NCD dietary metrics (Mediterranean Diet Score, Alternative Healthy Eating Index, Healthy Eating Index, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) had convincing evidence of protective associations with specific NCD outcomes, mainly mortality, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and total cancer. The remaining NCD dietary metrics and all MCH dietary metrics were not convincingly validated against MCH or NCD health outcomes. None of the dietary metrics had been validated against both MCH and NCD outcomes. These findings highlight major gaps in assessing and addressing diet to achieve global targets and effective policy action.
The technical reasoning hypothesis does not rule out the potential key roles of imitation and working memory for CTC
Authors: Alba Motes-Rodrigo, Eva Reindl, Elisa Bandini
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2020)

Abstract To support their claim for technical reasoning skills rather than imitation as the key for cumulative technological culture (CTC), Osiurak and Reynaud argue that chimpanzees can imitate mechanical actions, but do not have CTC. They also state that an increase in working memory in human evolution could not have been a key driver of CTC. We discuss why we disagree with these claims.