tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immune‐Responsive Gene 1/Itaconate Activates Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2–Related Factor 2 in Hepatocytes to Protect Against Liver Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Zhongjie Yi, Meihong Deng, Melanie J. Scott, Guang Fu, Patricia A. Loughran, Zhao Lei, Shilai Li, Ping Sun, Chenxuan Yang, Wenbo Li, Hongbo Xu, Feizhou Huang, Timothy R. Billiar
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

Background and Aims Itaconate, a metabolite of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, plays anti‐inflammatory roles in macrophages during endotoxemia. The mechanisms underlying its anti‐inflammatory roles have been shown to be mediated by the modulation of oxidative stress, an important mechanism of hepatic ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the role of itaconate in liver I/R injury is unknown. Approach and Results We found that deletion of immune‐responsive gene 1 (IRG1), encoding for the enzyme producing itaconate, exacerbated liver injury and systemic inflammation. Furthermore, bone marrow adoptive transfer experiments indicated that deletion of IRG1 in both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic compartments contributes to the protection mediated by IRG1 after I/R. Interestingly, the expression of IRG1 was up‐regulated in hepatocytes after I/R and hypoxia/reoxygenation‐induced oxidative stress. Modulation of the IRG1 expression levels in hepatocytes regulated hepatocyte cell death. Importantly, addition of 4‐octyl itaconate significantly improved liver injury and hepatocyte cell death after I/R. Furthermore, our data indicated that nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) is required for the protective effect of IRG1 on mouse and human hepatocytes against oxidative stress–induced injury. Our studies document the important role of IRG1 in the acute setting of sterile injury induced by I/R. Specifically, we provide evidence that the IRG1/itaconate pathway activates Nrf2‐mediated antioxidative response in hepatocytes to protect liver from I/R injury. Conclusions Our data expand on the importance of IRG1/itaconate in nonimmune cells and identify itaconate as a potential therapeutic strategy for this unfavorable postsurgical complication.
Precision Management of Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ching-Yao Yang, James Chih-Hsin Yang, Pan-Chyr Yang
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2020)

The rapid evolution of treatment for advanced lung cancer is a story of how scientists have struggled to move from nonselective cytotoxic chemotherapy to personalized precision medicine. In this century, extraordinary advances have been made in the management of advanced and metastatic non–small cell lung cancer, especially in the development of small molecules targeting specific tyrosine kinase receptors and immune checkpoint inhibitors. These developments have led to a significant improvement in survival for lung cancer patients with metastatic disease. Now, the core guidelines to treat non–small cell lung cancer are based on the identification of targetable driver mutations and immune checkpoints. Continued investigations of newly identified druggable genetic alterations, explorations of biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitors, development of next-generation immunotherapy, and optimization of combination therapy are necessary to provide better treatment outcomes for lung cancer patients in the future.
Abstract 14175: Fontan-Associated Nephropathy: Predictors and Outcomes
Authors: Jacqueline Nguyen Khuong, Thomas G Wilson, Ajay J Iyengar, Leeanne Grigg, Andrew M Bullock, David Celermajer, Patrick Disney, Tim Hornung, Vishva Wijesekera, Diana Zannino, Yves d’Udekem
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Nephropathy is a known long-term complication of the Fontan circulation, but its determinants have not been identified. The outcomes of patients with Fontan-associated nephropathy are...
Sustained Inflation vs Standard Resuscitation for Preterm Infants
Authors: Elizabeth E. Foglia, Arjan B. te Pas, Haresh Kirpalani, Peter G. Davis, Louise S. Owen, Anton H. van Kaam, Wes Onland, Martin Keszler, Georg M. Schmölzer, Helmut Hummler, Gianluca Lista, Carlo Dani, Petrina Bastrenta, Russell Localio, Sarah J. Ratcliffe
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

Most preterm infants require respiratory support to establish lung aeration after birth. Intermittent positive pressure ventilation and continuous positive airway pressure are standard therapies. An initial sustained inflation (inflation time >5 seconds) is a widely practiced alternative strategy.To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of sustained inflation vs intermittent positive pressure ventilation and continuous positive airway pressure for the prevention of hospital mortality and morbidity for preterm infants.MEDLINE (through PubMed), Embase, the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched through June 24, 2019.Randomized clinical trials of preterm infants born at less than 37 weeks' gestation that compared sustained inflation (inflation time >5 seconds) vs standard resuscitation with either intermittent positive pressure ventilation or continuous positive airway pressure were included. Studies including other cointerventions were excluded.Two reviewers assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Meta-analysis of pooled outcome data used a fixed-effects model specific to rarer events. Subgroups were based on gestational age and study design (rescue vs prophylactic sustained inflation).Death before hospital discharge.Nine studies recruiting 1406 infants met inclusion criteria. Death before hospital discharge occurred in 85 of 736 infants (11.5%) treated with sustained inflation and 62 of 670 infants (9.3%) who received standard therapy for a risk difference of 3.6% (95% CI, -0.7% to 7.9%). Although analysis of the primary outcome identified important heterogeneity based on gestational age subgroups, the 95% CI for the risk difference included 0 for each individual gestational age subgroup. There was no difference in the primary outcome between subgroups based on study design. Sustained inflation was associated with increased risk of death in the first 2 days after birth (risk difference, 3.1%; 95% CI, 0.9%-5.3%). No differences in the risk of other secondary outcomes were identified. The quality-of-evidence assessment was low owing to risk of bias and imprecision.There was no difference in the risk of the primary outcome of death before hospital discharge, and there was no evidence of efficacy for sustained inflation to prevent secondary outcomes. These findings do not support the routine use of sustained inflation for preterm infants after birth.
First-line Psychotherapies for Military-Related PTSD
Authors: Maria M. Steenkamp, Brett T. Litz, Charles R. Marmar
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Atherosclerosis: Making a U Turn
Authors: Ira J. Goldberg, Gaurav Sharma, Edward A. Fisher
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2020)

The development of potent cholesterol-reducing medications in the last decade of the twentieth century has altered the approach to prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Initial experience with statins, and more recently with the addition of PCSK9 inhibitors, has proven that human CVD, like that in animal models, can be halted and regressed. Available clinical data show that the lower the achieved level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the greater the regression of disease. Investigative studies are now aimed to understand those factors that both accelerate and impede this healing process. Some of these are likely to be modifiable, and the future of atherosclerotic CVD treatment is likely to be early screening, use of measures to repair atherosclerotic arteries, and prevention of most CVD events.
Glioma patient-reported outcome assessment in clinical care and research: a Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology collaborative report
Authors: Terri S Armstrong, Linda Dirven, David Arons, Amanda Bates, Susan M Chang, Corneel Coens, Claire Espinasse, Mark R Gilbert, David Jenkinson, Paul Kluetz, Tito Mendoza, Larry Rubinstein, Joohee Sul, Michael Weller, Patrick Y Wen, Martin J van den Bent, Martin J B Taphoorn
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2020)
3D-printed model in the guidance of tumor resection: a novel concept for resecting a large submucosal tumor in the mid-esophagus
Authors: Liansong Ye, Dan Yang, Yong Huang, Ke Liao, Xianglei Yuan, Bing Hu
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Although most large submucosal tumors in the esophagus such as leiomyomas are benign, obstructive symptoms may develop owing to their size [1]. Endoscopic resection of large tumors in the esophagus remains difficult [2], and exophytic tumors in the mid-esophagus are the worst. The main problem is the presence of important adjacent organs such as bronchus, aorta, and spine. We report a novel concept for facilitating endoscopic resection: 3D-printed model in the guidance of tumor resection (3DM-GTR). The 3D-printed model, based on enhanced computed tomography, could clearly display the tumor anatomy and details of adjacent structures, playing a role in planning and implementing endoscopic resection.
84P Frequency of 5382Insc and 185Delag Mutation of Brca1 Gene: An Experience from Eastern India
Authors: A. Chakraborty, A. Mukhopadhyay, D. Bhattacharyya, K. Choudhuri, S. Mukhopadhyay, S. Gangopadhyay, J. Basak
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Selective COX-2 inhibitors are safe and effective
Authors: Ian L P Beales
Journal: BMJ (2020)

I am disappointed that The BMJ published a poorly referenced letter on the dangers of selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) prescribing in the Quality and Outcomes Framework.1 The guidance advocating prescription of selective COX-2 inhibitors for patients at high risk of gastrointestinal complications is correct and evidence based.234 To follow another path and use a …
Evaluation of the Informational Content and Readability of US Lung Cancer Screening Program Websites
Authors: Staci M. Gagne, Florian J. Fintelmann, Efren J. Flores, Shaunagh McDermott, Dexter P. Mendoza, Milena Petranovic, Melissa C. Price, Justin T. Stowell, Brent P. Little
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

The internet is an important source of medical information for many patients and may have a key role in the education of patients about lung cancer screening (LCS). Although most LCS programs in the United States have informational websites, the accuracy, completeness, and readability of these websites have not previously been studied.To evaluate the informational content and readability of US LCS program websites.This cross-sectional study assessed US LCS program websites identified on September 15, 2018. A standardized checklist was used to assess key informational content of each website, and text was analyzed for reading level, word count, and reading time. Links to US websites of national advocacy organizations with LCS program content were tabulated. All functional LCS program websites in Google internet search engine results using the search terms lung cancer screening, low-dose CT screening, and lung screening were included in the analysis.Radiologists used a standardized checklist to evaluate content, and readability was assessed with validated scales. Website word count, reading time, and number of links to outside LCS informational websites were assessed.A total of 257 LCS websites were included in the analysis. The word count ranged from 73 to 4410 (median, 571; interquartile range, 328-909). The reading time ranged from 0.3 to 19.6 minutes (median, 2.5; interquartile range, 1.5-4.0). The median reading level of all websites was grade 10 (interquartile range, 9-11). Only 26% (n = 66) of websites had at least 1 web link to a national website with additional information on LCS. There was wide variability regarding reported eligibility age criteria, with ages 55 to 77 years most frequently cited (42% [n = 108]). Only 56% (n = 143) of websites mentioned smoking cessation. The subject of patient cost was mentioned on 75% (n = 192) of websites. Although major LCS benefits, such as detection of lung cancer, were discussed by most (93% [n = 239]) websites, less than half of the websites (45% [n = 115]) made any mention of possible risks associated with screening.There appears to be marked variability in the informational content of US LCS program websites, and the reading level of most websites is above that recommended by the American Medical Association and the National Institutes of Health. Efforts to improve website content and readability may be warranted.
Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia
Authors: Qun Li, Xuhua Guan, Peng Wu, Xiaoye Wang, Lei Zhou, Yeqing Tong, Ruiqi Ren, Kathy S M Leung, Eric H Y Lau, Jessica Y Wong, Xuesen Xing, Nijuan Xiang, Yang Wu, Chao Li, Qi Chen, Dan Li, Tian Liu, Jing Zhao, Man Liu, Wenxiao Tu, Chuding Chen, Lianmei Jin, Rui Yang, Qi Wang, Suhua Zhou, Rui Wang, Hui Liu, Yinbo Luo, Yuan Liu, Ge Shao, Huan Li, Zhongfa Tao, Yang Yang, Zhiqiang Deng, Boxi Liu, Zhitao Ma, Yanping Zhang, Guoqing Shi, Tommy T Y Lam, Joseph T Wu, George F Gao, Benjamin J Cowling, Bo Yang, Gabriel M Leung, Zijian Feng
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

The initial cases of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 and January 2020. We analyzed data on the first 425 confirmed cases in Wuhan to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of NCIP.We collected information on demographic characteristics, exposure history, and illness timelines of laboratory-confirmed cases of NCIP that had been reported by January 22, 2020. We described characteristics of the cases and estimated the key epidemiologic time-delay distributions. In the early period of exponential growth, we estimated the epidemic doubling time and the basic reproductive number.Among the first 425 patients with confirmed NCIP, the median age was 59 years and 56% were male. The majority of cases (55%) with onset before January 1, 2020, were linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, as compared with 8.6% of the subsequent cases. The mean incubation period was 5.2 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1 to 7.0), with the 95th percentile of the distribution at 12.5 days. In its early stages, the epidemic doubled in size every 7.4 days. With a mean serial interval of 7.5 days (95% CI, 5.3 to 19), the basic reproductive number was estimated to be 2.2 (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.9).On the basis of this information, there is evidence that human-to-human transmission has occurred among close contacts since the middle of December 2019. Considerable efforts to reduce transmission will be required to control outbreaks if similar dynamics apply elsewhere. Measures to prevent or reduce transmission should be implemented in populations at risk. (Funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and others.).
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for a precancerous lesion emerging at the anastomotic site after radical resection of rectal carcinoma
Authors: Zhihao Chen, Lizhou Dou, Yueming Zhang, Shun He, Yong Liu, Huizi Lei, Guiqi Wang
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

The emergence of a precancerous lesion at the anastomotic site after radical resection of a rectal cancer is very rare [1] [2]. A salvage operation is one of the main treatments in this situation, but is a significant burden for the patient, both physically and economically [3] [4].
Hypermethylation of the MAL gene promoter in breast cancer
Authors: Hisani Horne, Susan Murphy, Jeffrey Marks
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

1042  The gene under investigation in this study, MAL (myelin and lymphocyte protein), has been implicated in several malignancies including esophageal, ovarian, and cervical cancers. The MAL protein is involved in apical transport in polarized-epithelial cells and therefore its disruption may lead to the loss of organized polarity, a characteristic of most solid malignancies. Our interest in this gene arose from our finding that MAL is the most differentially expressed transcript when comparing ovarian cancers with good versus poor outcome. This finding led to an examination of mechanisms of MAL gene regulation first in ovarian and then in breast cancer. Preliminary data indicated that the MAL promoter is frequently hypermethylated in breast cancers but unmethylated in normal breast epithelial cells. The objective of this study was to determine the nature and frequency of MAL promoter hypermethylation and its affect on gene expression. We first used bisulfite genomic sequencing to analyze the methylation profile of a portion of the MAL promoter CpG island near the start of transcription. We found that CpG dinucleotides in established breast cancer cell lines were predominantly methylated whereas DNA from immortalized “normal” breast epithelial lines were partially methylated and primary normal breast epithelial cells completely unmethylated. In addition, sequencing analysis of 36 primary breast tumors and matched lymphocyte DNA displayed methylation in 23 out of 36 (64%) of the tumor samples analyzed while their matched lymphocytes were unmethylated. Sequencing of laser captured microdissected normal and cancer breast tissue samples confirmed these findings. These data suggest that the methylation phenomenon seen in breast cancer cell lines holds true for primary breast tumors as well. Further sequencing analysis of the MAL promoter CpG island revealed a sharp transition in the methylation profile, whereby only a small (346 bp) region directly upstream of exon 1 exhibited differential methylation when comparing normal and cancer DNA. However, the region further upstream showed universal methylation in all cell lines analyzed. Aberrant methylation of MAL correlated with transcriptional silencing in breast cancer cell lines, since expression was induced with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2´-deoxycytidine (DAC) in cells that were shown to be methylated by sequencing. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis of normal breast tissue showed positive staining for MAL, while the majority of cancer tissues showed diminished expression. Low MAL expression correlated with promoter methylation and an ER positive status. These finding identify the MAL gene as a novel epigenetically regulated gene with a potential role in the development of breast cancer, possibly as a tumor suppressor gene. Future experiments will determine the significance and consequences of the findings reported in this study.
Nanoparticle-based Cell Trackers for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Jen-Shyang Ni, Yaxi Li, Wentong Yue, Bin Liu, Kai Li
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

The continuous or real-time tracking of biological processes using biocompatible contrast agents over a certain period of time is vital for precise diagnosis and treatment, such as monitoring tissue regeneration after stem cell transplantation, understanding the genesis, development, invasion and metastasis of cancer and so on. The rationally designed nanoparticles, including aggregation-induced emission (AIE) dots, inorganic quantum dots (QDs), nanodiamonds, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), and semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs), have been explored to meet this urgent need. In this review, the development and application of these nanoparticle-based cell trackers for a variety of imaging technologies, including fluorescence imaging, photoacoustic imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic particle imaging, positron emission tomography and single photon emission computing tomography are discussed in detail. Moreover, the further therapeutic treatments using multi-functional trackers endowed with photodynamic and photothermal modalities are also introduced to provide a comprehensive perspective in this promising research field.
Incorporating the Patient Voice Into Shared Decision-Making for the Treatment of Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Brian R. Lindman, Elizabeth Perpetua
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Pyrimidobenzimidazoles as a potential new drug to treat human melanoma
Authors: Jéssica Gonçalves Azevedo, Iago Carvalho Schultz, Jacqueline Fraga de Souza Santos, Silvya Stuchi Maria-Engler, Guido Lenz, Márcia Rosângela Wink
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)
All Suicidal Ideation Is Not Created Equal: Two Cases of Suicide Attempts During Maintenance Ketamine Treatment
Authors: Cristina Cusin, Hitoshi Sakurai, Kate Bentley, Paola Pedrelli, Simmie Foster, Maurizio Fava, David Mischoulon
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2020)

sites distal to the stimulation site (i.e., the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex) has emerged as one of the potential mechanisms of action of the treatment (5,6).A key next step will be to disentangle the complex relationship between benzodiazepines and anxiety, both of which may interfere with treatment outcomes.Anxiety is known to be a poor predictor of treatment response in depression pharmacotherapy ( 7), and benzodiazepine use may be a marker of high anxiety symptom burden.Although our exploratory analyses and additional sensitivity analyses did not find a significant effect of anxiety on treatment trajectory membership, residual confounding remains a possibility.We agree with Drs.Hunter and Leuchter that there is a need to pay close attention to concomitant pharmacotherapy when prescribing rTMS.Notwithstanding the known deleterious effects of benzodiazepines when used on a chronic basis (i.e., falls, cognitive impairment, and motor vehicle accidents [8]), there now appears to be a convergence of data suggesting that these medications may portend a poorer outcome with rTMS.Clinicians should consider the risks and benefits of tapering or ideally stopping benzodiazepines prior to a course of rTMS.This may foster a more rapid, robust response and improve long-term outcomes.