tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Covid-19: experts question analysis suggesting half UK population has been infected
Authors: Anna Sayburn
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The GluA1 subunit of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) is critical for hippocampal synaptic transmission and plasticity. Here, we measured the activity of single units from the CA1 region of the hippocampus while GluA1 knock-out (<i>GluA1</i><sup>−/−</sup>) and wild-type (WT) mice traversed a linear track. Although overall firing rates were similar, <i>GluA1</i><sup>−/−</sup> neurons were more likely to spike in bursts, but at lower burst frequencies, compared with WT neurons. <i>GluA1</i><sup>−/−</sup> neurons showed large reductions in all measures of spatial and directional selectivity compared with WT neurons. Consistent with these alterations of single-neuron properties, the accuracy of the population code for position was substantially reduced in <i>GluA1</i><sup>−/−</sup>, yet it is predicted to approach the accuracy of WT with increasing population size. The absolute representation of space, independent of movement direction, was greatly diminished in <i>GluA1</i><sup>−/−</sup> mice and is predicted to remain reduced even for larger populations. Finally, we found that the rate maps of <i>GluA1</i><sup>−/−</sup> neurons showed increased trial-by-trial variability but reduced experiential plasticity compared with the WT. These results reveal the critical contribution of GluA1-containing AMPARs to individual place cells and the hippocampal population code for space, which could explain the selective behavioral impairments observed in these mice.
Alterations in PTEN and ESR1 promote clinical resistance to alpelisib plus aromatase inhibitors
Authors: Pedram Razavi, Maura N. Dickler, Payal D. Shah, Weiyi Toy, David N. Brown, Helen H. Won, Bob T. Li, Ronglai Shen, Neil Vasan, Shanu Modi, Komal Jhaveri, Betty Ann Caravella, Sujata Patil, Pier Selenica, Stephen Zamora, Aimee M. Cowan, Elizabeth Comen, Andy Singh, Anne Covey, Michael F. Berger, Clifford A. Hudis, Larry Norton, Rebecca J. Nagy, Justin I. Odegaard, Richard B. Lanman, David B. Solit, Mark E. Robson, Mario E. Lacouture, Edi Brogi, Jorge S. Reis-Filho, Mary Ellen Moynahan, Maurizio Scaltriti, Sarat Chandarlapaty
Journal: Nature Cancer (2020)
Balance impairment in individuals with COPD: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Kirsti Jane Loughran, Greg Atkinson, Marla K Beauchamp, John Dixon, Denis Martin, Shaera Rahim, Samantha Louise Harrison
Journal: Thorax (2020)

Background People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are four times more likely to fall than healthy peers, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Poor balance is a major risk factor for falls. This review aims to quantify the extent of balance impairment in COPD, and establish contributing clinical factors, which at present are sparse. Methods Five electronic databases were searched, in July 2017 and updated searches were performed in March 2019, for studies comparing balance in COPD with healthy controls. Meta-analyses were conducted on sample mean differences (MD) and reported correlations between balance and clinical factors. Meta-regression was used to quantify the association between mean difference in percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) and mean balance impairment. Narrative summaries were provided where data were insufficient for meta-analysis. Results Twenty-three studies were included (n=2751). Meta-analysis indicated COPD patients performed worse than healthy controls on timed up and go (MD=2.77 s, 95% CI 1.46 s to 4.089 s, p=&lt;0.005), single leg stance (MD=−11.75 s, 95% CI −15.12 s to −8.38 s, p=&lt;0.005) and berg balance scale (MD=−6.66, 95% CI −8.95 to −4.37, p=&lt;0.005). The pooled correlation coefficient between balance and reduced quadriceps strength was weak-moderate (r=0.37, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.45, p=&lt;0.005). The relationship between differences in percentage predicted FEV 1 and balance were negligible (r 2 =&lt;0.04). Conclusions Compared with healthy controls, people with COPD have a clinically meaningful balance reduction, which may be related to reduced muscle strength, physical activity and exercise capacity. Our findings support a need to expand the focus of pulmonary rehabilitation to include balance assessment and training, and further exploration of balance impairment in COPD. PROSPERO registration number CRD4201769041
microRNAs identified in prostate cancer: Correlative studies on response to ionizing radiation
Authors: Maureen Labbé, Christianne Hoey, Jessica Ray, Vincent Potiron, Stéphane Supiot, Stanley K. Liu, Delphine Fradin
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2020)

As the most frequently diagnosed non-skin cancer in men and a leading cause of cancer-related death, understanding the molecular mechanisms that drive treatment resistance in prostate cancer poses a significant clinical need. Radiotherapy is one of the most widely used treatments for prostate cancer, along with surgery, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. However, inherent radioresistance of tumor cells can reduce local control and ultimately lead to poor patient outcomes, such as recurrence, metastasis and death. The underlying mechanisms of radioresistance have not been fully elucidated, but it has been suggested that miRNAs play a critical role. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression in every signaling pathway of the cell, with one miRNA often having multiple targets. By fine-tuning gene expression, miRNAs are important players in modulating DNA damage response, cell death, tumor aggression and the tumor microenvironment, and can ultimately affect a tumor's response to radiotherapy. Furthermore, much interest has focused on miRNAs found in biofluids and their potential utility in various clinical applications. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on miRNA deregulation after irradiation and the associated functional outcomes, with a focus on prostate cancer. In addition, we discuss the utility of circulating miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers to diagnose, predict response to treatment, and prognosticate patient outcomes.
Abstract 12572: One Year Outcomes of Emergency Department Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Prospective, Multicenter Registry in China
Authors: XingHui Shao, YanMin Yang
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia which independently increases the risk of mortality and morbidity. There is lack of data about patient characteristics, ...
THE IMPACT OF PRAVASTATIN PRETREATMENT ON PERIPROCEDURAL MICROCIRCULATORY DAMAGE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Masashi Fukunaga, Kenichi Fujii, Daizo Kawasaki, Hirokuni Akahori, Katsumi Oka, Motomaru Masutani, Takeshi Tsujino, Mitsumasa Ohyanagi, Tohru Masuyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Abstract B51: Examining the differential cellular response of pancreatic cancer cell lines to 12C vs. photon irradiation
Authors: Janapriya Saha, Michael D. Story, Anthony Davis, Brock J. Sishc
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is expected by 2020 to become the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths globally. The 5-year overall survival rate for patients with locally advanced nonresectable (LANR) PDAC is ~12%, likely because of the inherent resistance to conventional radio- and chemotherapy and the fact that the majority of pancreatic cancer patients present with advanced disease. While median overall survival (mOS) for chemoradiotherapy is 15.2 months, mOS determined from a retrospective analysis of patients with LANR PDAC treated with carbon ion therapy (CIRT) and concurrent gemcitabine was 21.5 months. Recently, UTSW initiated a randomized multi-institutional phase III trial (CIPHER) comparing CIRT to intensity-modulated radiation therapy for LANR PDAC. In conjunction with CIPHER, we initiated preclinical studies to exploit genetic vulnerabilities amenable to CIRT vs. IMRT. Eight PDAC cell lines with known genetic backgrounds were exposed to g-rays and 12C ions to determine the range of relative biologic effectiveness of 12C ion exposure. A specific area of interest is the DNA damage response given the vulnerability of tumor cells with slight deficiencies in genes associated with homologous recombination or replication fork maintenance to 12C ion exposure that is not seen with g-rays. Other endpoints being examined include differences in cell signaling that may affect inflammatory and immune responses, alterations to the microenvironment, or other signaling pathways that may identify druggable targets for combination with CIRT. Citation Format: Janapriya Saha, Michael D. Story, Anthony Davis, Brock J. Sishc. Examining the differential cellular response of pancreatic cancer cell lines to 12C vs. photon irradiation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2019 Sept 6-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(24 Suppl):Abstract nr B51.
Hundreds of Health Care Workers Exposed to Rabies
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The world’s largest refugee camp prepares for covid-19
Authors: Gaia Vince
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The world's largest refugee camp prepares for covid-19Nearly a million refugees live in overcrowded conditions in the camps of south Bangladesh.Gaia Vince reports on the growing fears of an imminent, catastrophic outbreak of covid-19 Gaia Vince science journalist and authorLondon, UK Bangladesh, with its 168 million inhabitants, is one of the poorest and most densely populated countries in the world.Millions live cheek by jowl in slums, where 10 or more households share a toilet.People move around the country on packed buses, and still throng to markets and mosques.Last week, for instance, tens of thousands gathered in a field to pray for an end to covid-19.On 26 March the government imposed a lockdown, including banning public transport, in a bid to combat the growing pandemic, although hundreds of workers have been crowding onto private vehicles, such as trucks, instead.Bangladesh has seen the number of confirmed cases of covid-19 rise above 39, with four known deaths.The south Asian nation responded earlier in March by banning flights, shutting down schools, and promoting hygiene and social distancing measures.With very limited testing, however, and only in the capital, Dhaka, the true number of cases is expected to be far higher, and the low income nation's capacity to treat critically ill patients is limited.And there's one further factor-the overcrowded conditions of the world's biggest refugee camp, located in Cox's Bazar in the far south east of Bangladesh.
Ethics Committee Reviews of Applications for Research Studies at 1 Hospital in China During the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Epidemic
Authors: Hui Zhang, Fengmin Shao, Jianqin Gu, Li Li, Yuming Wang
Journal: JAMA (2020)

This study reviews research ethics committee applications for COVID-19–related research at a Chinese hospital in February 2020 to characterize study type, approval rate and review time, reason for revision or denial, and issues with informed consent.
Comparison of Industry Payments in 2017 With Annual Salary in a Cohort of Academic Oncologists
Authors: Jennifer Gill, Alyson Haslam, Tyler Crain, Diana Herrera-Perez, Vinay Prasad
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

This study uses public employee salary data from 14 US public medical schools and the Open Payments database from the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services to examine the ratio of academic oncologists' reported salaries to their general payments from the medical industry.
TCT-59 Longer term safety and efficacy of sympathetic renal artery denervation using a multi-electrode renal artery denervation catheter in patients with drug-resistant hypertension: Eighteen month results of a first-in-human, multicenter study
Authors: Stephen Worthley, Matthew Worthley, Derek P. Chew, Ajay R. Sinhal, Ian T. Meredith, Yuvaraj Malaiapan, Konstantinos P. Tsioufis, Vasilios Papademetriou
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Increased and co-localized CD4 FOXP3 and CD8 T cells is a strong independent prognostic indicator in gastric cancer
Authors: Minyu Wang, Yu-Kuan Huang, Joe Kong, Yu Sun, Daniela Tantalo, Han Xian Aw Yeang, Le Ying, Feng Yan, Dakang Xu, Heloise Halse, Natasha di Costanzo, Ian Gordon, Catherine Mitchell, Laura Mackay, Rita Busuttil, Paul Neeson, Alex Boussioutas
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2019)
TCT-797 Sex and Racial Disparities in Outcomes for patients Undergoing Percutaneous Intervention: Data from a Large Tertiary Center
Authors: None Micaela Iantorno, Rebecca Torguson, Deepakraj Gajanana, Kyle Buchanan, Toby Rogers, Itsik Ben-Dor, Lowell Satler, Hector Garcia-Garcia, William Weintraub
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
INFLUENCE OF THE CORONARY CALCIUM SCORE ON THE ABILITY TO RULE OUT CORONARY STENOSES BY CORONARY CT ANGIOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Annika Schuhbaeck, Thomas Zimmer, Michaela Mitschke, Mohamed Marwan, Stephan Achenbach, Jasmin Schmid
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Covid-19: medical schools given powers to graduate final year students early to help NHS
Authors: Anna Harvey
Journal: BMJ (2020)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The association between antecedent head injury and AD is inconsistent. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To examine the association between early adult head injury, as documented by military hospital records, and dementia in late life; and to evaluate the interaction between head injury and <i>APOE</i> ε4 as risk factors for dementia. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The study had a population-based prospective historical cohort design. It included men who were World War II Navy and Marine veterans, and were hospitalized during their military service with a diagnosis of either a nonpenetrating head injury or another unrelated condition. In 1996 to 1997, military medical records were abstracted to document the occurrence and details of closed head injury. The entire sample was then evaluated for dementia and AD using a multistage procedure. There were 548 veterans with head injury and 1228 without head injury who completed all assigned stages of the study. The authors estimated risk of dementia, specifically AD, using proportional hazards models. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Both moderate head injury (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.32; CI = 1.04 to 5.17) and severe head injury (HR = 4.51; CI = 1.77 to 11.47) were associated with increased risk of AD. Results were similar for dementia in general. The results for mild head injury were inconclusive. When the authors stratified by the number of <i>APOE</i> ε4 alleles, they observed a nonsignificant trend toward a stronger association between AD and head injury in men with more ε4 alleles. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Moderate and severe head injuries in young men may be associated with increased risk of AD and other dementias in late life. However, the authors cannot exclude the possibility that other unmeasured factors may be influencing this association.
Clearing Muddy Waters: The Need to Reconceptualize Minor Increase over Minimal Risk in Pediatric Rare Disease Research
Authors: Devan M. Duenas, Benjamin S. Wilfond, Liza-Marie Johnson
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2020)

The regulations dictating acceptable levels of risk in pediatric research were developed to protect pediatric research participants from unnecessary or excessive harms. These special protections we...
Publisher Correction: Host-associated microbiomes are predicted by immune system complexity and climate
Authors: Douglas C. Woodhams, Molly C. Bletz, C. Guilherme Becker, Hayden A. Bender, Daniel Buitrago-Rosas, Hannah Diebboll, Roger Huynh, Patrick J. Kearns, Jordan Kueneman, Emmi Kurosawa, Brandon C. LaBumbard, Casandra Lyons, Kerry McNally, Klaus Schliep, Nachiket Shankar, Amanda G. Tokash-Peters, Miguel Vences, Ross Whetstone
Journal: Genome biology (2020)

Following publication of the original paper [1], it was reported that an error in the processing of Fig. 8 occurred. In the online HTML version of the article, Fig. 8 was presented as a duplication of Fig. 7. The original article [1] has been corrected.
Decode-seq: a practical approach to improve differential gene expression analysis
Authors: Yingshu Li, Hang Yang, Hujun Zhang, Yongjie Liu, Hanqiao Shang, Herong Zhao, Ting Zhang, Qiang Tu
Journal: Genome biology (2020)

Abstract Many differential gene expression analyses are conducted with an inadequate number of biological replicates. We describe an easy and effective RNA-seq approach using molecular barcoding to enable profiling of a large number of replicates simultaneously. This approach significantly improves the performance of differential gene expression analysis. Using this approach in medaka ( Oryzias latipes ), we discover novel genes with sexually dimorphic expression and genes necessary for germ cell development. Our results also demonstrate why the common practice of using only three replicates in differential gene expression analysis should be abandoned.
Large-scale public data reuse to model immunotherapy response and resistance
Authors: Jingxin Fu, Karen Li, Wubing Zhang, Changxin Wan, Jing Zhang, Peng Jiang, X. Shirley Liu
Journal: Genome Medicine (2020)

Despite growing numbers of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) trials with available omics data, it remains challenging to evaluate the robustness of ICB response and immune evasion mechanisms comprehensively. To address these challenges, we integrated large-scale omics data and biomarkers on published ICB trials, non-immunotherapy tumor profiles, and CRISPR screens on a web platform TIDE (http://tide.dfci.harvard.edu). We processed the omics data for over 33K samples in 188 tumor cohorts from public databases, 998 tumors from 12 ICB clinical studies, and eight CRISPR screens that identified gene modulators of the anticancer immune response. Integrating these data on the TIDE web platform with three interactive analysis modules, we demonstrate the utility of public data reuse in hypothesis generation, biomarker optimization, and patient stratification.
Oral uptake and persistence of the FnAb-8 protein characterized by in situ radio-labeling and PET/CT imaging
Authors: Qian Wang, Wangxi Hai, Sanyuan Shi, Jinliang Peng, Yuhong Xu
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2020)

The absorption of peptides and proteins delivered orally is minimum because of the intestine epithelial barrier. There are few known active transport mechanisms for macromolecules including the neonatal Fc Receptor (FcRn) for the absorption and secretion of IgGs in infant and adult intestine. We had previously described the FnAb-8 protein that could bind to hFcRn tightly at pH 6.0 but barely at pH 7.4. In this study, we examined its uptake, biodistribution and pharmacokinetics after peroral administration in both wild-type and human FcRn transgenic (Tg) mice. FnAb-8 was modified to contain trans-cyclooctene (TCO) which could interact with 18F labeled tetrazine in situ via the bioorthogonal inverse-electron-demand Diels−Alder reaction. We showed that FnAb-8 had a tendency to distribute and persist in the Tg mice intestine for an extended duration of time. It could also be absorbed into the circulation and distributed systemically over a long period of time up to 172 h. The improvement in oral uptake and concentration in the intestine tissue may be valuable for designing oral delivery of biopharmaceuticals, especially for diseases involving the gastric intestinal tissue.
SUDDEN DEATH IN HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION: A COMPETING RISKS ANALYSIS FROM THE TOPCAT TRIAL
Authors: Muthiah Vaduganathan, Brian Claggett, Inderjit Anand, Nancy Sweitzer, James Fang, Eileen O’Meara, Sanjiv Jayendra Shah, Sheila Hegde, Akshay Desai, Eldrin Lewis, Jean Rouleau, Bertram Pitt, Marc A. Pfeffer, Scott Solomon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Establishing the International Genetic Discrimination Observatory
Authors: Yann Joly, Gratien Dalpé, Charles Dupras, Bénédicte Bévière-Boyer, Aisling de Paor, Edward S. Dove, Palmira Granados Moreno, Calvin W. L. Ho, Chih-Hsing Ho, Katharina Ó Cathaoir, Kazuto Kato, Hannah Kim, Lingqiao Song, Timo Minssen, Pilar Nicolás, Margaret Otlowski, Anya E. R. Prince, Athira P. S. Nair, Ine Van Hoyweghen, Torsten H. Voigt, Chisato Yamasaki, Yvonne Bombard
Journal: Nature Genetics (2020)
Clinical pictures of 35 cases with eosinophilic myocarditis
Authors: N Mori, Shinichiro Morimoto, Shinya Hiramitsu, Akihisa Uemura, Natsuko Kubo, Masatsugu Ohtsuki, Shigeru Katoh, Yasuchika Katoh, Atsushi Sugiura, Kenji Miyagishima, Hitoshi Hishida, Mitsuaki Isobe, Yasushi Kitaura, Kazuo Kimura, Makoto Kodama, Shinichi Nunoda, Masunori Matsuzaki, Akira Matsumori, Toru Izumi
Journal: Circulation (2004)
Addition of insoluble fiber to isolation media allows for increased metabolite diversity of lab-cultivable microbes derived from zebrafish gut samples
Authors: Alanna R. Condren, Maria S Costa, Natalia Rivera Sanchez, Sindhu Konkapaka, Kristin L Gallik, Ankur Saxena, Brian T Murphy, Laura M Sanchez
Journal: Gut Microbes (2020)

There is a gap in measured microbial diversity when comparing genomic sequencing techniques versus cultivation from environmental samples in a laboratory setting. Standardized methods in artificial environments may not recapitulate the environmental conditions that native microbes require for optimal growth. For example, the intestinal tract houses microbes at various pH values as well as minimal oxygen and light environments. These microbes are also exposed to an atypical source of carbon: dietary fiber compacted in fecal matter. To investigate how the addition of insoluble fiber to isolation media could affect the cultivation of microbes from zebrafish intestines, an isolate library was built and analyzed using the bioinformatics pipeline IDBac. While all isolation media encouraged the growth of species from several phyla, the extent of growth was greater with the addition of fiber allowing for easier isolation. Furthermore, fiber addition altered the metabolism of the cultivated gut-derived microbes and induced the production of unique metabolites that were not produced when microbes were otherwise grown on standard isolation media. Addition of this inexpensive carbon source to the media supported the cultivation of a diverse community whose secondary metabolite production may more closely replicate their metabolite production in vivo.