tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Prevalence Among Adults Who Have Never Smoked, by Industry and Occupation — United States, 2013–2017
Authors: Girija Syamlal, Brent Doney, Jacek M. Mazurek
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2019)

Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a debilitating respiratory condition with high mortality and morbidity (1,2). However, an estimated 24% of adults with COPD have never smoked (3,4). Among these persons, 26%-53% of COPD can be attributed to workplace exposures, including dust, fumes, gases, vapors, and secondhand smoke exposure (4-6). To assess industry-specific and occupation-specific COPD prevalence among adults aged ≥18 years who have never smoked and who were employed any time during the past 12 months, CDC analyzed 2013-2017 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data. Among an estimated 106 million workers who had never smoked, 2.2% (2.4 million) have COPD. Highest prevalences were among workers aged ≥65 years (4.6%), women (3.0%), and those reporting fair/poor health (6.7%). Among industries and occupations, the highest COPD prevalences were among workers in the information industry (3.3%) and office and administrative support occupations (3.3%). Among women, the highest prevalences were among those employed in the information industry (5.1%) and in the transportation and material moving occupation (4.5%), and among men, among those employed in the agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting industry (2.3%) and the administrative and support, waste management, and remediation services industry (2.3%). High COPD prevalences in certain industries and occupations among persons who have never smoked underscore the importance of continued surveillance, early identification of COPD, and reduction or elimination of COPD-associated risk factors, such as the reduction of workplace exposures to dust, vapors, fumes, chemicals, and exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollutants.
Opioid lawsuits target Sackler family members
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Members of the branch of the Sackler family that owns and controls Purdue Pharma, whose product OxyContin became synonymous with the opioid crisis, have been named as defendants in two major lawsuits in the US, as plaintiffs increasingly fear that the company will seek bankruptcy to avoid paying damages.

Purdue Pharma has been the subject of public opprobrium and litigation since 2007, when the company and three executives pleaded guilty to criminal misbranding charges over OxyContin’s marketing and paid $634m in fines.

On 24 March more than 600 US cities, counties, and Native American tribes from 28 states jointly filed a federal lawsuit that named eight members of the Sackler family, well known benefactors in the art world in several countries, as defendants.

“Eight people in a single family made the choices that caused much of the opioid epidemic,” the complaint alleged.

“Because they controlled their own privately held drug company, the Sackler defendants had the power to decide how addictive narcotics were sold,” it continued. “They got more patients on opioids, at higher doses, for longer, than ever before. They paid themselves billions of dollars. They are responsible for addiction, …
Correction: Cortisol levels during human aging predict hippocampal atrophy and memory deficits
Authors: Sonia Lupien, Mony de Leon, Susan de Santi, Antonio Convit, Chaim Tarshish, N.P.V. Nair, Mira Thakur, Bruce McEwen, Richard Hauger, Michael Meaney
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (1998)
Treatment stratification of respiratory syncytial virus infection in allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Katalin Balassa, Richard Salisbury, Edmund Watson, Marcin Lubowiecki, Bing Tseu, Nadjoua Maouche, Katie Jeffery, Siraj A. Misbah, Rachel Benamore, Lara Rowley, Daja Barton, Rachel Pawson, Robert Danby, Vanderson Rocha, Andy Peniket
Journal: Journal of Infection (2019)
Caesarean section is highly risky for mothers and babies in low and middle income countries
Authors: Ingrid Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Women undergoing caesarean section in low and middle countries face a risk of death around 100 times higher than women who have the procedure in the UK, a systematic review and meta-analysis published in the Lancet shows.1

The analysis also found that a third of all babies delivered by the procedure do not survive in some regions of the world.

The analysis included 196 studies, covering 12 million pregnancies in 67 low and middle countries, and found that the risk of death for women undergoing caesarean section in these countries was 7.6 per 1000 procedures—around 100 times higher than …
Surveillance Systems to Track Progress Toward Polio Eradication — Worldwide, 2015–2016
Authors: Edmond F. Maes, Ousmane M. Diop, Jaume Jorba, Smita Chavan, Rudolph H. Tangermann, Steven G. F. Wassilak
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)

Global measures to eradicate polio began in 1988; as of 2014, four of six World Health Organization (WHO) regions have been certified polio-free. Within the two endemic regions (African and Eastern Mediterranean), Nigeria, Afghanistan, and Pakistan have never interrupted transmission of wild poliovirus (WPV) (1). The primary means of detecting poliovirus transmission is surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) among children aged <15 years, combined with collection and testing of stool specimens from persons with AFP for detection of WPV and vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) (viruses that differ genetically from vaccine viruses and can emerge in areas with low vaccination coverage and cause paralysis) in WHO-accredited laboratories within the Global Polio Laboratory Network (2,3). AFP surveillance is supplemented by environmental surveillance for polioviruses in sewage from selected locations (4). Genomic sequencing of the VP1-coding region of isolated polioviruses enables mapping transmission by time and place, assessment of potential gaps in surveillance, and identification of the emergence of VDPVs. This report presents poliovirus surveillance data from 2015 and 2016, with particular focus on 20 countries in the African Region and six in the Eastern Mediterranean Region that reported WPV or circulating VDPVs (cVDPVs) during 2011-2016, as well as the three countries most affected by the 2014-2015 Ebola virus disease (Ebola) outbreak (Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone). During 2016, 12 (60%) of the 20 African Region countries and all six of the Eastern Mediterranean Region countries met both surveillance quality indicators (nonpolio AFP rates of ≥2 per 100,000 persons aged <15 years per year and ≥80% of AFP cases with adequate stool specimens [stool adequacy]) at the national level; however, provincial-level variation was seen. To complete and certify polio eradication, surveillance gaps must be identified and surveillance activities, including supervision, monitoring, and specimen collection and handling, further strengthened.
Doctors could be obliged to report youths at risk of knife crime, says home secretary
Authors: Jacqui Thornton
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Hospital doctors could have a legal obligation to raise concerns about children at risk of becoming involved in knife crime, the home secretary, Sajid Javid, has said.

The plans for a “public health duty” are part of a consultation launched on 1 April to tackle serious crime. Under the proposals teachers, police, social workers, housing professionals, and voluntary sector workers would also be held accountable for spotting vulnerable young people.

The consultation was announced as the prime minister was due to hold a summit on the knife crime epidemic this week at Downing Street with expert agencies, ministers, and community leaders.

So far this year 21 young people have died from knife related injuries in …
Abstract 398: Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone Agonist (GHRH-A) Restores Cardiac Function in a Rodent Model of Heart FailureWith Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF)
Authors: Rosemeire M Kanashiro-Takeuchi, Lauro M Takeuchi, Chen C Yuan, Diana Katz, Darrell Hardin, Marilia Zuttion, Wayne Balkan, Renzhi Cai, Andrew V Schally, Joshua M Hare
Journal: Circulation Research (2017)

Background: Roughly half of patients with heart failure (HF) have preserved EF (HFpEF) and this rate is increasing. The pathophysiology of HFpEF is unclear and treatment of HFpEF remains a critical unmet need. Hypothesis: Growth hormone releasing hormone agonist (GHRH-A) restores cardiac function in a rodent model of HFpEF. Methods: C57BL/6N mice (n=4-5) received angiotensin-II (Ang-II: 0.8 mg/kg/day) via mini-osmotic pump for 4 weeks with concurrent daily administration of GHRH-A (MR-356: 200 μg/kg) or vehicle (DMSO+propylene-glycol). Echocardiography was assessed at baseline and 4 weeks after Alzet pump placement. Hemodynamic studies were performed and the titin N2BA/N2B ratio measured. Results: Ang-II administration increased end-diastolic pressure (EDP, p=0.0186) with no changes in EF (p=ns) or end-systolic pressure (ESP, p=ns) in comparison to control mice. Isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT, p&lt;0.05) and end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship (EDPVR, p=0.0229) were significantly increased in the Ang-II/vehicle group, consistent with increased ventricular stiffness and impaired relaxation. Importantly, GHRH-A treatment reset these parameters to normal conditions (table). HFpEF mice exhibited higher HW/BW ratios and lung weight. The titin N2BA/N2B ratio, which was increased (p&lt;0.05) in the Ang-II group, was restored by GHRH-A treatment. Conclusion: Chronic administration of Ang-II mediates structural and functional changes that mimic HFpEF. GHRH-A treatment improves diastolic dysfunction and impaired relaxation. Therefore, GHRH-A therapy may be beneficial in the treatment of HFpEF.
5-year versus risk-category-specific screening intervals for cardiovascular disease prevention: a cohort study
Authors: Joni V Lindbohm, Pyry N Sipilä, Nina J Mars, Jaana Pentti, Sara Ahmadi-Abhari, Eric J Brunner, Martin J Shipley, Archana Singh-Manoux, Adam G Tabak, Mika Kivimäki
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2019)

Clinical guidelines suggest preventive interventions such as statin therapy for individuals with a high estimated 10-year risk of major cardiovascular events. For those with a low or intermediate estimated risk, risk-factor screenings are recommended at 5-year intervals; this interval is based on expert opinion rather than on direct research evidence. Using longitudinal data on the progression of cardiovascular disease risk over time, we compared different screening intervals in terms of timely detection of high-risk individuals, cardiovascular events prevented, and health-care costs.
Transmembrane 4 L Six Family Member 5 Senses Arginine for mTORC1 Signaling
Authors: Jae Woo Jung, Stephani Joy Y. Macalino, Minghua Cui, Ji Eon Kim, Hye-Jin Kim, Dae-Geun Song, Seo Hee Nam, Semi Kim, Sun Choi, Jung Weon Lee
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2019)
Abstract 18068: Everolimus- versus Sirolimus-Eluting Stents for the Treatment of Patients with Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Disease (Results from EXCELLENT Registry)
Authors: Kyung Woo Park, Woo-Hyun Lim, Hyo-Suk Ahn, Si-Hyuck Kang, Sang Eun Lee, Han-Mo Yang, Hae-Young Lee, Hyun-Jae Kang, Bon-Kwon Koo, Young-Seok Cho, Tae-Jin Yeon, In-ho Chae, Woo-Young Chung, Sang-Hyun Kim, Hyo-Soo Kim, Byng-Hee Oh, Young-Bae Park
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES) has become a reasonable alternative to coronary artery bypass graft in the treatment of unprotected left main coronary artery disease. However, the results of 2 nd generation DES in the treatment of these lesions are unknown. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of stenting with everolimus-eluting stent (EES) compared with sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) for the treatment of left main disease in the “real world” setting. Methods: In the Efficacy of Xience/promus versus Cypher in rEducing Late Loss after stENTing (EXCELLENT) registry, a total of 5161 patients were enrolled from 29 centers in Korea between January 2006 and May 2010. Of these, 241 patients with symptomatic left main coronary artery disease undergoing PCI were analyzed; 139 patient implanted with EES and 102 with SES. We evaluated the rate of all-cause death, cardiac death, myocardial infarction, ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization (TLR) and stent thrombosis. The primary end point of this study was major adverse cardiac events (MACE, composite of death, myocardial infarction, and ischemia-driven TLR) at 1 year. Results: Baseline characteristics are similar between the two groups. At 1 year, the cumulative incidence of MACE was 8.6% in the EES and 10.8% in the SES group (p = 0.697). There were no differences in the rate of hard end point (death and myocardial infarction) (5.0% vs. 4.9%, p = 0.909) between the two groups. However, the rate of TLR was numerically lower in the EES group compared with the SES group (3.6% vs. 5.9%), although statically insignificant (p = 0.470). One patient in the EES group (0.7%) and one patient in the SES group (1.0%) experienced stent thrombosis (p = 0.823). Conclusion: Implantation of either EES or SES for the treatment of unprotected left main disease is effective and safe. Both stents showed comparable 1-year clinical results regarding MACE and hard endpoint.
Correction to: Transcriptional factor six2 promotes the competitive endogenous RNA network between CYP4Z1 and pseudogene CYP4Z2P responsible for maintaining the stemness of breast cancer cells
Authors: Lufeng Zheng, Qianqian Guo, Chenxi Xiang, Shijia Liu, Yuzhang Jiang, Lanlan Gao, Haiwei Ni, Ting Wang, Qiong Zhao, Hai Liu, Yingying Xing, Yaohui Wang, Xiaoman Li, Tao Xi
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2019)

The original article [1] contained an error in Fig. 7c whereby the same flow image was accidentally misused for the second and fourth group.
Change in type-2 biomarkers and related cytokines with prednisolone in uncontrolled severe oral corticosteroid dependent asthmatics: an interventional open-label study
Authors: John Busby, Cecile T J Holweg, Akiko Chai, Peter Bradding, Fang Cai, Rekha Chaudhuri, Adel H Mansur, James Laurence Lordan, John G Matthews, Andrew Menzies-Gow, Robert Niven, Tracy Staton, Liam G Heaney
Journal: Thorax (2019)

Type-2 biomarkers and related cytokines (IL-5, IL-13), lung function and asthma symptoms were measured in 44 poorly-controlled severe oral corticosteroid (OCS)-dependent asthmatics for up to 88 days after a 7-day prednisolone boost (0.5 mg/kg). High-dose OCS reduced median blood eosinophils (−60 cells/µl; 95% CI −140 to 10), periostin (−8.4 ng/mL; −11.6 to –2.8), FeNO (−19.0 ppb; −28.5 to –4.0), IL-5 (−0.17 pg/mL; −0.28 to –0.08) and IL-13 (−0.15 pg/mL; −0.27 to –0.03). There were small improvements in mean FEV 1 (0.16 L; 0.05 to 0.27) and (Asthma Control Questionnaire) ACQ-7 score (0.3; 0.0 to 0.7). Study measures returned to baseline 1-month postintervention. Following rescue OCS, 1 month is sufficient before using type-2 biomarkers to guide long-term treatment. Trial registration number NCT01948401 .
Abstract 16359: Impact of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function on Occurrence of Cardiovascular Events in Cardiac Amyloidosis: Comparison of Myocardial Biopsy-Proven Transthyretin With Immunoglobulin Light Chain Amyloidosis
Authors: Takuya Nakahashi, Takeshi Arita, Masakazu Yamagishi
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Although transthyretin (TTR) cardiac amyloidosis was considered to show more favorable outcomes than those with immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis, few data exist regarding the...
Abstract 13981: Left Ventricular Mass Predicts Hemodynamic Indices of Cardiovascular Reserve Capacity during Exercise
Authors: Aaron S Eisman, Ravi V Shah, Ashley E Dress, Ramachandran S Vasan, Gregory D Lewis
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Increased left ventricular mass (LVM) is an easily quantifiable risk factor for future development of heart failure. We hypothesized that LVM would predict hemodynamic (HD) and gas ex...
Traffic exposures, air pollution and outcomes in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a UK cohort study analysis
Authors: Eleni Sofianopoulou, Stephen Kaptoge, Stefan Gräf, Charaka Hadinnapola, Carmen M. Treacy, Colin Church, Gerry Coghlan, J. Simon R. Gibbs, Matthias Haimel, Luke S. Howard, Martin Johnson, David G. Kiely, Allan Lawrie, James Lordan, Robert V. MacKenzie Ross, Jennifer M. Martin, Shahin Moledina, Michael Newnham, Andrew J. Peacock, Laura C. Price, Christopher J. Rhodes, Jay Suntharalingam, Emilia M. Swietlik, Mark R. Toshner, John Wharton, Martin R. Wilkins, Stephen J. Wort, Joanna Pepke-Zaba, Robin Condliffe, Paul A. Corris, Emanuele Di Angelantonio, Steeve Provencher, Nicholas W. Morrell
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2019)

While traffic and air pollution exposure is associated with increased mortality in numerous diseases, its association with disease severity and outcomes in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains unknown. Exposure to particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and indirect measures of traffic-related air pollution (distance to main road and length of roads within buffer zones surrounding residential addresses) were estimated for 301 patients with idiopathic/heritable PAH recruited in the UK National Cohort Study of Idiopathic and Heritable PAH. Associations with transplant-free survival and pulmonary haemodynamic severity at baseline were assessed, adjusting for confounding variables defined a priori . Higher estimated exposure to PM 2.5 was associated with higher risk of death or lung transplant (unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) 2.68 (95% CI 1.11–6.47) per 3 μg·m −3 ; p=0.028). This association remained similar when adjusted for potential confounding variables (HR 4.38 (95% CI 1.44–13.36) per 3 μg·m −3 ; p=0.009). No associations were found between NO 2 exposure or other traffic pollution indicators and transplant-free survival. Conversely, indirect measures of exposure to traffic-related air pollution within the 500–1000 m buffer zones correlated with the European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society risk categories as well as pulmonary haemodynamics at baseline. This association was strongest for pulmonary vascular resistance. In idiopathic/heritable PAH, indirect measures of exposure to traffic-related air pollution were associated with disease severity at baseline, whereas higher PM 2.5 exposure may independently predict shorter transplant-free survival.
Amyloid PET and Changes in Clinical Management for Patients With Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Clifford R. Jack, Ronald C. Petersen
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Solid Tumor–Induced Immune Regulation Alters the GvHD/GvT Paradigm after Allogenic Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Nana Dang, Yuan Lin, Omer Rutgeerts, Xavier Sagaert, An D. Billiau, Mark Waer, Ben Sprangers
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Growth of solid tumors is often associated with the development of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). It has been suggested that the influence of the TME may extend beyond the local tumor and results in systemic immunosuppression. Here, we utilize two murine cancer models to explore the influence of solid tumors on the occurrence of alloreactivity-driven GvHD and graft-versus-solid tumor (GvT) effects following MHC-mismatched allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). Melanoma- or colon carcinoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice did not develop GvHD after BMT even when the bone marrow inoculum was supplemented with donor-type splenocytes. This protection against GvHD required the presence of tumors because its resection prior to allo-BMT promptly resulted in development of GvHD. In addition, tumor-bearing mice given T-cell-depleted allo-BMT (allo-TCD-BMT) failed to develop GvHD and also showed significantly stronger GvT effects than mice given allo-BMT. The GvT effects in allo-TCD-BMT recipients were associated with profound changes in tumor-infiltrating cells compared with that in allo-BMT recipients, with significantly reduced donor-derived regulatory T cells (Treg), increased cytotoxic effector (IFNγhi) CD8 T cells, and increased M1 macrophages (iNOShi, arginaselo, and IL10lo); the use of macrophage-depleted bone marrow abrogated the GvT effects. Collectively, these results indicate that the presence of M1 macrophages may disrupt the generation of donor-type Treg cells so that the immunomodulatory effect of the TME can affect systemic immunity. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings show that cells such as T cells or macrophages in the bone marrow inoculum may interfere with the systemic and local immune reactivity against tumors.
Tidal Volume Ventilation Strategy in ICU Patients Without ARDS
Authors: Cornelis Slagt, Lucas van Eijk
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal