tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of Feed the Future initiative on nutrition in children aged less than 5 years in sub-Saharan Africa: difference-in-differences analysis
Authors: Theresa Ryckman, Margaret Robinson, Courtney Pedersen, Jay Bhattacharya, Eran Bendavid
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact of the US government’s Feed the Future initiative on nutrition outcomes in children younger than 5 years in sub-Saharan Africa. Design Difference-in-differences quasi-experimental approach. Setting Households in 33 low and lower middle income countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Population 883 309 children aged less than 5 years with weight, height, and age recorded in 118 surveys conducted in 33 countries between 2000 and 2017: 388 052 children were from Feed the Future countries and 495 257 were from non-Feed the Future countries. Main outcome measures A difference-in-differences approach was used to compare outcomes among children in intervention countries after implementation of the initiative with children before its introduction and children in non-intervention countries, controlling for relevant covariates, time invariant national differences, and time trends. The primary outcome was stunting (height for age &gt;2 standard deviations below a reference median), a key indicator of undernutrition in children. Secondary outcomes were wasting (low weight for height) and underweight (low weight for age). Results Across all years and countries, 38.3% of children in the study sample were stunted, 8.9% showed wasting, and 21.3% were underweight. In the first six years of Feed the Future’s implementation, children in 12 countries with the initiative exhibited a 3.9 percentage point (95% confidence interval 2.4 to 5.5) greater decline in stunting, a 1.1 percentage point (0.1 to 2.1) greater decline in wasting, and a 2.8 percentage point (1.6 to 4.0) greater decline in underweight levels compared with children in 21 countries without the initiative and compared with trends in undernutrition before Feed the Future was launched. These decreases translate to around two million fewer stunted and underweight children aged less than 5 years and around a half million fewer children with wasting. For context, about 22 million children were stunted, 11 million children were underweight, and four million children were wasted in the Feed the Future countries at baseline. Conclusions Feed the Future’s activities were closely linked to notable improvements in stunting and underweight levels and moderate improvements in wasting in children younger than 5 years. These findings highlight the effectiveness of this large, country tailored initiative focused on agriculture and food security and have important implications for the future of this and other nutrition interventions worldwide.
Abstract 14777: Substrate Mapping and Catheter Ablation of Recurrent Ventricular Tachycardia in a Patient With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Following Stereotactic Radioablation
Authors: Pierre C Qian, Usha Tedrow, Martin Aguilar, Kenneth Quadros, Scott Friesen, Fred Hacker, Raymond Mak, Paul Zei
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Stereotactic body radioablation (SBRT) is emerging as a treatment for ventricular tachycardia(VT) refractory to catheter ablation. However, its effect on ischemic scar remains poorly ...
Epidermal growth factor mutation in non-small cell lung cancer: Venezuelan experience.
Authors: George Oblitas Alca, Maria Belen Fuentes, Juan Jose Jose Rodriguez, Cristina Garcia, Maria Angelina Perez, Karen Kubicek, Patricia Nunez, Ernestina Pichelbauer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e22060 Background: Lung cancer represents the most common cause of death related to cancer worldwide. The current treatment strategy includes the determinations of the EGFR somatic mutations. Currently in Venezuela the frequency and the type of EGFR mutation in NSCLC patients is unknown and due to its importance in the decision of treatment, it was decided to execute this study with the objective of knowing our population’s characteristics with respect to the stage and mutational type of EGFR. Methods: In the period between November of 2010 until March of 2012, the samples of 395 patients with NSCLC diagnostic all over the country were obtained, these samples were evaluated to determine the EGFR mutation, confidence intervals of 95% were calculated based on the binomial distribution. Results: From the total of 395 patients, 80 presented an inadequate sample, 19 had no registry, 296 patients remained for the analysis. It was obtained an EGFR mutation rate of 11.5%, that was more common seen in male gender (56%), younger than 65 years (66%), ex smokers (59%), with Adenocarcinoma histology (97%). About the mutation type of the EGFR, the specific mutation of the exon 21 was found in 59% of the positive cases, and deletion of exon 19 in 38%. Conclusions: The EGFR mutation is present within the Venezuelan population and shows a particular regional demographic behavior.
Examining the practice of generalist expertise: a qualitative study identifying constraints and solutions
Authors: J Reeve, C Dowrick, G Freeman, JM Gunn, F Mair, C May, S Mercer, VJ Palmer, A Howe, G Irving, A Shiner, J Watson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2013)

ObjectivesProvision of person-centred generalist care is a core component of quality primary care systems. The World Health Organisation believes that a lack of generalist primary care is contributing to inefficiency, ineffectiveness and inequity in healthcare. In UK primary care, General Practitioners (GPs) are the largest group of practising generalists. Yet GPs fulfil multiple roles and the pressures of delivering these roles along with wider contextual changes create real challenges to generalist practice. Our study aimed to explore GP perceptions of enablers and constraints for expert generalist care, in order to identify what is needed to ensure health systems are designed to support the generalist role.DesignQualitative study in General Practice.SettingUK primary care.Main outcome measuresA qualitative study – interviews, surveys and focus groups with GPs and GP trainees. Data collection and analysis was informed by Normalisation Process Theory.Design and settingQualitative study in General Practic...
Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors administered alone or in combination with anti-VEGF agents in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhichao Feng, Pengfei Rong, Wei Wang
Journal: Gut (2019)

We read with great interest the article by Gerbes et al, 1 which indicated the prospects of immune-based therapies in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and that by Zhu et al, 2 which proposed their new strategy for sensitising HCC to anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade. As they suggest, immunotherapy for HCC has great potential, and combination therapy may further improve survival benefits.

Many patients with HCC have advanced stage disease (aHCC) at the time of diagnosis, and some of them even have progressive disease after first-line therapy. Recently, the clinical benefits of immunotherapy for HCC have emerged. Blocking the PD‐1/PD‐L1 signalling pathway with humanised monoclonal antibodies is effective in alleviating immune escape and enhancing T cell‐mediated antitumour immunity. However, no more than 20% of patients with HCC robustly respond to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 monotherapy.3 4 The combination of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents with PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade may synergistically reverse the immunosuppressive microenvironment.5 Preclinical and …
Reduced Cerebrovascular Reserve Capacity in Adults with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Lena Vaclavu, Lena Vaclavu, Henri JMM Mutsaerts, Esben Thade Petersen, Ed T VanBavel, John C Wood, Charles BL Majoie, Aart J Nederveen, Bart J. Biemond
Journal: Blood (2017)
Ultrasound-mediated Delivery of Paclitaxel for Glioma: A Comparative Study of Distribution, Toxicity, and Efficacy of Albumin-bound Versus Cremophor Formulations
Authors: Daniel Y. Zhang, Crismita Dmello, Li Chen, Victor A. Arrieta, Edgar Gonzalez-Buendia, J. Robert Kane, Lisa P. Magnusson, Aneta Baran, C. David James, Craig Horbinski, Alexandre Carpentier, Carole Desseaux, Michael Canney, Miguel Muzzio, Roger Stupp, Adam M. Sonabend
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2019)

Paclitaxel shows little benefit in the treatment of glioma due to poor penetration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPU) with microbubble injection transiently disrupts the BBB allowing for improved drug delivery to the brain. We investigated the distribution, toxicity, and efficacy of LIPU delivery of two different formulations of paclitaxel, albumin-bound paclitaxel (ABX) and paclitaxel dissolved in cremophor (CrEL-PTX), in preclinical glioma models.The efficacy and biodistribution of ABX and CrEL-PTX were compared with and without LIPU delivery. Antiglioma activity was evaluated in nude mice bearing intracranial patient-derived glioma xenografts (PDX). Paclitaxel biodistribution was determined in sonicated and nonsonicated nude mice. Sonications were performed using a 1 MHz LIPU device (SonoCloud), and fluorescein was used to confirm and map BBB disruption. Toxicity of LIPU-delivered paclitaxel was assessed through clinical and histologic examination of treated mice.Despite similar antiglioma activity in vitro, ABX extended survival over CrEL-PTX and untreated control mice with orthotropic PDX. Ultrasound-mediated BBB disruption enhanced paclitaxel brain concentration by 3- to 5-fold for both formulations and further augmented the therapeutic benefit of ABX. Repeated courses of LIPU-delivered CrEL-PTX and CrEL alone were lethal in 42% and 37.5% of mice, respectively, whereas similar delivery of ABX at an equivalent dose was well tolerated.Ultrasound delivery of paclitaxel across the BBB is a feasible and effective treatment for glioma. ABX is the preferred formulation for further investigation in the clinical setting due to its superior brain penetration and tolerability compared with CrEL-PTX.
Adventitial injection delivery of nano-encapsulated sirolimus (Nanolimus) to injury-induced porcine femoral vessels to reduce luminal restenosis
Authors: Hui Ying Ang, Gordon Minru Xiong, Su Yin Chaw, Jie Liang Phua, Jaryl Chen Koon Ng, Philip En Hou Wong, Subbu Venkatraman, Tze Tec Chong, Yingying Huang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2019)
OnTAD: hierarchical domain structure reveals the divergence of activity among TADs and boundaries
Authors: Lin An, Tao Yang, Jiahao Yang, Johannes Nuebler, Guanjue Xiang, Ross C. Hardison, Qunhua Li, Yu Zhang
Journal: Genome biology (2019)

The spatial organization of chromatin in the nucleus has been implicated in regulating gene expression. Maps of high-frequency interactions between different segments of chromatin have revealed topologically associating domains (TADs), within which most of the regulatory interactions are thought to occur. TADs are not homogeneous structural units but appear to be organized into a hierarchy. We present OnTAD, an optimized nested TAD caller from Hi-C data, to identify hierarchical TADs. OnTAD reveals new biological insights into the role of different TAD levels, boundary usage in gene regulation, the loop extrusion model, and compartmental domains. OnTAD is available at https://github.com/anlin00007/OnTAD.
The Role of Asunercept as a Selective CD95L Inhibitor in Cutaneous Melanoma: Rationale and Results from an Enhanced TiRP Model
Authors: A. Krendyukov, N. Kneisel, J. Zhu, C. Merz, D. Richards, C. Gieffers, B. van den Eynde
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Marijuana use in e-cigarettes increases among US teens, studies find
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Self-reported use of marijuana in electronic cigarettes has risen among US teenagers, two studies have found.

The research letters, published in JAMA ,12 looked at marijuana vaping rates from 2017 to 2019 among young people in middle and high school (aged 11 to 18) and noted increases at all ages. The authors said that this could relate to an increase in sales of e-cigarette products, easier access to marijuana through informal sources, and a reduced perception of harm related to marijuana use.

They warned, “Marijuana vaping produces significantly greater physiological and psychological effects compared with traditional smoking methods at the same tetrahydrocannabinol levels, raising concerns about potential health effects.”

The …
Chemotherapy for malignancies in the post solid organ transplant (SOT) setting: A single institute experience.
Authors: Omar Al Ustwani, Neha Gupta, Hongbin Chen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

TPS6646 Background: Management of advanced malignancies in SOT recipients is not well defined. These patients need immunosuppressive agents to avoid graft rejection. Simultaneous administration of chemotherapy and immunosuppressive agents may increase treatment toxicities. We reviewed data of SOT recipients treated at Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI) for different malignancies to assess their tolerance to treatment and outcomes. Methods: Between 2000-2012, 126 SOT recipients were seen at RPCI for management of cancer. Patients with superficial skin cancer and PTLD or other malignancies not qualifying for therapy were excluded. Adverse events were documented per CTCAE 4.0. Results: 40 patients were included for the review. Median age was 61.5 (29-79) years, and 50% were male. Types of SOT were: 17 liver, 16 kidney, 4 heart, 2 lung and 1 liver/kidney. Types of cancers were: 12 GI, 9 breast, 6 lung, 4 AML/myeloma, 3 head &amp; neck, 2 GYN, 2 skin requiring therapy and 2 GU. Median lag time between SOT and cancer diagnosis was 14.5 years (2m-39y). 13/36 (36%) of solid tumors were metastatic at diagnosis. At the time of analysis, 9/34 (26%) of patients with documented outcome were alive. Of all patients, median overall survival was 28.5m. 31/40 (78%) received chemotherapy and 9/40 (22%) had hormonal therapy alone. In the chemotherapy group, patients received a median of 1.8 lines of therapy (1-6), 4/31 (13%) were given definitive chemotherapy+RT and 8/31 (26%) received chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant/adjuvant setting. Treatment delays were necessary in 10/31 (32%), and dose omission or reduction in 13/31 (42%). The most common hematologic adverse events (AEs) were anemia (25/31, 80%) and thrombocytopenia (19/31, 61%). Febrile neutropenia (G3) occurred in 5/31(16%). The most common non-hematologic AEs were fatigue (23/31, 74%) and hepatic dysfunction (19/31, 61%). The most common G3/4 hematologic AEs were neutropenia (9/31, 29%) and leukopenia (7/31, 23%) while non-hematologic G3/4 AEs were diarrhea and fatigue (4/31 each, 13%). Conclusions: SOT patients tolerate chemotherapy relatively well but AEs, dose reductions and delays occur. Treating physicians should be careful when dosing chemotherapy in these cases.
Polygenic risk-tailored screening for prostate cancer: A benefit–harm and cost-effectiveness modelling study
Authors: Tom Callender, Mark Emberton, Steve Morris, Ros Eeles, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Paul D. P. Pharoah, Nora Pashayan
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2019)

The United States Preventive Services Task Force supports individualised decision-making for prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening in men aged 55-69. Knowing how the potential benefits and harms of screening vary by an individual's risk of developing prostate cancer could inform decision-making about screening at both an individual and population level. This modelling study examined the benefit-harm tradeoffs and the cost-effectiveness of a risk-tailored screening programme compared to age-based and no screening.
Infection profile in patients developing febrile neutropenia after high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation.
Authors: Sukru Ozaydin, Mustafa Ozturk, Mithat Eser, Nuri Karadurmus, Gokhan Erdem, Fikret Arpaci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e18016 Background: Febril neutropenia is absorved in all patients after stem cell transplantation (SCT) antibiotic and antifungal prophlaxis is recommended to patients after the transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the infection agents in patients developing febrile neutropenia after high dose chemotherapy (HDC) and SCT. Methods: Patients who underwent HDC and auto- and allogenic SCT between 2003-2012 in the GATA medical oncology department were investigated for infection agents. After the development of fever in the neutropenic period of SCT blood and urine cultures were taken and antibiotics was started. Data of 278 patients were reached who were eligible for evaluation. Of these 67 patients cultural examination were positive. 8 allogeneic SCT, 59 autologous SCT patients consisted of NHL (n=20), testicular cancer (n=11), multiple myeloma (n=10), Hodgkin Lymphoma (n=9), AML (n=4), ALL (n=2) and other diognosis (n=11). Results: When the agents identified according to standart blood culture examinations 44.5 % were coagulase neg. staph, 24% were gram neg. bacils and 15% consisted of candidas. When the results of urine culture was observed: 66.8% were gram neg. bacils, 11.1% were coagulase neg. Staph and 5.5% consisted of candidas. Gram neg. bacilli growth was present in 80% of the blood cultures of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma patients and coagulase neg. Staph growth were observed in 20% of the patients. Coagulase neg. Staph consisted 66.8% of the catheter culture results, 13.2% consisted of Acinetobacter beumonii and 6.6% consisted of enterococci. Conclusions: Physicians who are working in SCT area should be aware of different kind of infections, which is reported in this study. [Table: see text]
A “vision” for fast snaring: please take your time
Authors: Konstantinos Triantafyllou
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Data from retrospective studies indicate that most interval cancers result from either missed or incompletely resected lesions during previous examinations. Additionally, a very small proportion may be attributed to de novo cancers. In this context, a number of different techniques, technologies, and devices have so far been studied with the aim of improving colonoscopy outcomes, with varying results [1]. Among these, the Endocuff device (Arc Medical Design, Leeds, UK) and its descendant the Endocuff vision device (EVD; Norgine Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Uxbridge, UK) – devices mounted on the tip of the scope with flexible projections that aim to flatten the mucosal folds and facilitate inspection – have been extensively studied. Two studies have shown that compared with standard colonoscopy, Endocuff use is associated with a lower adenoma miss rate [2], and the most recent meta-analysis revealed a significant, albeit small, benefit in terms of the adenoma detection rate (ADR) with Endocuff-assisted colonoscopy; this benefit was restricted to endoscopists with an ADR lower than 35 % [3].
173TiP PECan Study, Imaging PD-L1 in Cancer: A Tool for Measuring Response to Immunotherapy?
Authors: D.J. Hughes, G. Chand, D. Josephs, M. Harries, S. Papa, J. Spicer, H.H. Ting, V. Goh, G. Cook
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Intensive LDL cholesterol-lowering treatment beyond current recommendations for the prevention of major vascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials including 327 037 participants
Authors: Nelson Wang, Jordan Fulcher, Nishan Abeysuriya, Laura Park, Shejil Kumar, Gian Luca Di Tanna, Ian Wilcox, Anthony Keech, Anthony Rodgers, Sean Lal
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2019)
Targetability of STAT3-JAK2 fusions: implications for T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Guangzhen Hu, Jessica L. Phillips, Surendra Dasari, Hailey K. Jacobs, Rebecca A. Luchtel, Naoki Oishi, Tanya Hundal, Nada H. Ahmed, Akira Satou, Alan L. Epstein, N. Nora Bennani, Grzegorz S. Nowakowski, Joseph A. Murray, Andrew L. Feldman
Journal: Leukemia (2019)
Helen Salisbury: Oh, those lazy, part time GPs!
Authors: Helen Salisbury
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Last week the Daily Mail ran a story claiming that only a third of GPs were working full time at their surgeries. It went on to say that “some think the traditional family doctor role has become monotonous, while others find the full-time hours exhausting.”1 A sessional GP was quoted, describing the work as “ticking boxes rather than dealing with people” and reporting frustration from patients who were waiting too long for an appointment.

I find myself wondering why the press wishes to paint us as lazy and uninterested, and whether this has any connection with politics. If the crisis in GP accessibility is the fault of slacking GPs, …
Effects of the flavonoid luteolin on Cox-2 and PGE2 expression in RAW 264.7 cells
Authors: Gabriel K. Harris, Yong Qian, Xianglin Shi
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

4737  Flavonoids are ubiquitous plant compounds that have recently been scrutinized for anti-cancer effects. Luteolin, a flavonoid found in rosemary, celery, and other edible plants, has been shown to inhibit multiple cancer-related signal transduction pathways, including MAPK, NFκB, and Akt. Conversely, the effects of luteolin on Cox-2 signalling have not been reported. RAW 264.7 cells were pre-treated for 2 hours with 100, 50, 25, 10, or 5 μM luteolin, then treated with LPS (1 μg/ml) for an additional 12 hours. Pre-treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with luteolin inhibited Cox-2 protein expression, measured by Western blot, in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, PGE2 expression, measured by ELISA, was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Intracellular hydrogen peroxide production, measured microscopically with a DCFDA fluorescent probe, was also reduced in luteolin pre-treated cells. Cell viability (MTT assay) was unaffected by dose. However, cell morphology, as viewed by confocal microscopy, was dramatically affected. This study indicates that luteolin pretreatment reduces Cox-2 expression and PGE2 formation. Furthermore, the effects of luteolin are not due to toxicity, and may be related to an inhibition of reactive oxygen species or effects on genes controlling cell morphology.
Hypersialylation Protects Multiple Myeloma Cells from NK Cell-Mediated Immunosurveillance and This Can be Overcome By Targeted Desialylation Using a Sialyltransferase Inhibitor
Authors: John Daly, Subhashis Sarkar, Alessandro Natoni, Robert Henderson, Dawn Swan, Mattias Carlsten, Michael E O'Dwyer
Journal: Blood (2019)