tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Green tea and other natural products induced apoptosis in cervical cancer cells
Authors: Jean M. Feugang, Francisco Garcia, Chaofeng Sun, Jian Wang, Andrew Abalos, Sui Zhang, Changping Zou
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

2252   Cervical cancer is the third most common gynecologic malignancy in the world, accounting for 15% of all cancers diagnosed in women. Cervical cancer has a well-characterized pre-malignant phase, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). CIN is detectable using readily available well-established techniques including exfoliative cervical cytology (Pap smear), human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, and colposcopy. These facts make cervical cancer/CIN an ideal target for chemoprevention. Cancer chemoprevention is the administration of chemical agents to prevent or delay the development of cancer, in which chemical agents are used to prevent cancer in normal and/or high-risk populations. However, the number of currently available preventive agents is limited and the chemical agents are costly. Natural products, such as certain herbs have demonstrated anti-cancer effects. We investigated Arizona cactus extracts and green tea compounds (EGCG and polyphenol E) for their anti-cancer effects in cultured immortalized cervical epithelial cells and cervical cancer cells. Green tea compound and aqueous extracts of cactus pear were used to treat immortalized cervical epithelial cells and cervical cancer cells. The cactus mix and green tea compounds were used at six concentrations 0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10 or 25% and 0, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 μg/ml, respectively. Growth inhibition, apoptosis induction, and cell cycle were analyzed in these cells. Cells exposed to these two natural products had a significant increase in apoptosis, especially cactus mix and tea-EGCG. Tea-poly E had a little effect on apoptosis induction at concentration of 50 μg/ml; however it increased G 1  and decreased S phases. Natural products effectively inhibited immortalized cervical epithelial cells and cervical cancer cells growth, and induced apoptosis. The mechanism of the anti-cancer effects of natural products needs to be elucidated in future studies. Supported by the Women’s Fund for Health, Education and Research, and the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI), grant number NOI-CN-35158.
Reply to Carissa E. Chu, Peter E. Lonergan, and Peter R. Carroll’s Letter to the Editor re: Vasilis Stavrinides, Francesco Giganti, Bruce Trock, et al. Five-year Outcomes of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-based Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer: A Large Cohort Study. Eur Urol 2020;78:443–51
Authors: Vasilis Stavrinides, Francesco Giganti, Mark Emberton, Caroline M. Moore
Journal: European Urology (2020)
The impacts of infectious complications on outcomes in acute pancreatitis: a retrospective study
Authors: Xun Jiang, Ji-Yu Shi, Xia-Yu Wang, Yong Hu, Yun-Feng Cui
Journal: Military Medical Research (2020)

Abstract Background The occurrence of infectious complications characterizes the more severe forms of acute pancreatitis (AP) and is associated with high mortality. We investigated the effects of infection at different sites in patients with AP, including those with necrotizing pancreatitis (NP). Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 285 patients who met the inclusion criteria for AP and were admitted to Tianjin Nankai Hospital between January 2016 and September 2019. According to the source of the culture positivity during hospitalization, patients were divided into four groups: sterile group( n = 148), pancreatic infection group( n = 65), extrapancreatic infection group( n = 22) and combined infection group( n = 50). The source of infection, microbiology, biochemical parameters and prognostic indicators were analyzed. Results In terms of baseline characteristics, the four groups were similar in age, sex, aetiology, previous pancreatitis and diabetes. Compared with the severity of the disease in the other groups, the APACHE II scores(9.91 ± 4.65, 9.46 ± 5.05, respectively) and organ failure rate (40.9 and 50%, respectively)were higher in the extrapancreatic infection group and the combined infection group ( P &lt; 0.05). The frequency of surgical intervention and hospitalization time in patients with NP complicated with extrapancreatic infection was greatly increased ( P &lt; 0.05). Regarding the primary outcome, patients in the combined infection group had longer hospital stays (68.28 ± 51.80 vs 55.58 ± 36.24, P &lt; 0.05) and higher mortality (24.0% vs 9.2%, P &lt; 0.05) than patients in the pancreatic infection group. In addition, patients in the extrapancreatic infection group also showed high intensive care utilization (59.1%) and mortality rates (18.2%). Among the 137 AP patients with infection complications, 89 patients exhibited multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms, and the mortality rate of patients with MDR bacterial infection was higher than that of patients with non-MDR bacterial infection (24.7% vs 3.6%, P = 0.001). Conclusion Clinicians should be aware that extrapancreatic infection (EPI) significantly aggravates the main outcome in pancreatic infection patients. Infection with MDR bacteria is also associated with AP mortality.
Nicotine Use and DSM-IV Nicotine Dependence in the United States, 2001–2002 and 2012–2013
Authors: Bridget F. Grant, Dvora Shmulewitz, Wilson M. Compton
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2020)

Objective: Nationally representative data on changes in 12-month prevalences of nicotine use, DSM-IV nicotine dependence, and DSM-IV nicotine dependence among users were analyzed to test the “hardening hypothesis,” which proposes that declines in nicotine use resulting from population-level control measures leave a growing proportion of highly dependent users. Methods: Data were derived from two nationally representative surveys of U.S. adults: the 2001–2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC, N=43,093) and the 2012–2013 NESARC-III (N=36,309). Weighted estimates of nicotine use, DSM-IV nicotine dependence, and an approximation of the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence were compared for the 2001–2002 NESARC and 2012–2013 NESARC-III among the overall population and among nicotine users. Adjusted risk differences were obtained from logistic regression analyses using the predicted marginal approach. Results: Between the 2001–2002 and 2012–2013 surveys, rates of 12-month nicotine use declined slightly (from 27.7% to 26.9%), but increased slightly but significantly when adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics (adjusted risk difference=1.4%). Larger significant increases were seen in 12-month nicotine dependence (adjusted risk difference=2.6%) and nicotine dependence among users (adjusted risk difference=6.4%). With few exceptions, increases in nicotine use, nicotine dependence, and nicotine dependence among users were statistically significant across most sociodemographic subgroups. Notable increases were seen among men; middle and older age groups; whites, blacks, and Hispanics; and the socioeconomically disadvantaged. Conclusions: Smaller increases in 12-month nicotine use relative to larger increases in 12-month nicotine dependence and nicotine dependence among users suggests that increases in nicotine dependence between the 2001–2002 and 2012–2013 surveys are findings that support the hardening hypothesis. Vulnerable subgroups of the population in terms of hardening were identified who would benefit from targeted nicotine dependence intervention programs to help them in overcoming dependence and quitting nicotine use.
Abstract CT404: Adapting oncologic practice to COVID19 outbreak: From outpatient triage to risk assessment for specific treatment in Madrid, Spain
Authors: Carlos Gomez-Martin
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Since December 2019, when the first cases of pneumonia associated with a new coronavirus were reported in Wuhan (China), we have witnessed the rapid and massive spread of this disease; affecting more than 2 million people worldwide in mid-April. Cancer patients, especially those undergoing active chemotherapy, are especially vulnerable due to treatment-induced immunosuppression and their frequent comorbidities. Despite an increasing number of papers describing the characteristics of the disease and its possible treatments, oncology patients barely represent a minority in the series reported so far, and their peculiar characteristics are not detailed in these publications. On March 6, 2020, when officially in Spain there were only 117 cases and 2 deceased from COVID19, a patient admitted for another reason was diagnosed with Sars-CoV-2 related infection In the following 48 hours, a full set of new procedures were put in place that modified all the clinical care of our oncology patients. Regarding Day Hospital and Outpatient clinics on-site active screening by trained staff for all patients and companions were implemented. Also we limited the number of outpatient visits to minimum indispensable. All chemo Treatments were reconsidered based on objectives, life expectancy, and type of therapy and clinical status of every patient. For all patients admitted routine blood test and Chest Xr or CT of the lungs performed previously to been transferred to Ward. Specifics and separate wards for suspected, confirmed and negative coronavirus patients were prepared as well as dedicated staff (including Oncologist, Infectious Diseases Consultants and Internist) to attend COVID19 + patients 24/7 Since March 9th, more than 280 cancer patients have been actively screened for Sars-coV-2 infection, and 90 patients have been admitted to be specifically treated for this disease. Data on clinical characteristics and outcomes for the first 63 patients will be presented, with special mention to tumor burden, grade of immunosuppression, type of treatment and comorbidities. Preliminary data on Tocilizumab treatment on this setting will also be shared as well as some significant relationships between clinical and analytical parameters and risk of severe pulmonary and vascular events in this population. Citation Format: Carlos Gomez-Martin. Adapting oncologic practice to COVID19 outbreak: From outpatient triage to risk assessment for specific treatment in Madrid, Spain [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr CT404.
Insulin Resistance and Risk of Major Vascular Events and All-Cause Mortality in Type 1 Diabetes: A 10-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Monia Garofolo, Elisa Gualdani, Maria Giovanna Scarale, Cristina Bianchi, Michele Aragona, Fabrizio Campi, Daniela Lucchesi, Giuseppe Daniele, Roberto Miccoli, Paolo Francesconi, Stefano Del Prato, Giuseppe Penno
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

In spite of being at target for glucose (1) or traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors (2), individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) still have an excess of CV mortality and morbidity implying a role for other mechanisms including insulin resistance (IR). Impaired insulin action in T1D was established by clamp technique long ago (3). Estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) correlates well with the clamp technique (4) and is a risk marker for microangiopathy (5,6), diabetic kidney disease (DKD) (6), CV risk, and mortality (5,7).

In this observational single-center study, we investigated to what extent eGDR is a predictor of CV events, coronary artery disease (CAD), and all-cause mortality irrespective of CV risk factors and DKD in 774 subjects with T1D over a 10-year follow-up, as previously described (8). eGDR (mg/kg/min) was calculated at baseline as follows (4): eGDR = 21.158 − (0.09 × WC) − (3.407 × HTN) − (0.551 × HbA1c), where WC is waist circumference (cm), HTN is hypertension (yes = 1, no = 0), and HbA1c is in %. Follow-up data were retrieved from the national and regional health care registers (ICD-9, Clinical Modification, codes) by searching for CV outcomes (primary outcome) up to 31 December 2017 and for all-cause death up to 31 October 2018. Incidence of CV outcomes was available for 736 participants (95.1%), and vital status was available for all individuals (8). We used univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models to …
Methods for copy number aberration detection from single-cell DNA-sequencing data
Authors: Xian F. Mallory, Mohammadamin Edrisi, Nicholas Navin, Luay Nakhleh
Journal: Genome biology (2020)

Abstract Copy number aberrations (CNAs), which are pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs), play an important role in the initiation and progression of cancer. Single-cell DNA-sequencing (scDNAseq) technologies produce data that is ideal for inferring CNAs. In this review, we review eight methods that have been developed for detecting CNAs in scDNAseq data, and categorize them according to the steps of a seven-step pipeline that they employ. Furthermore, we review models and methods for evolutionary analyses of CNAs from scDNAseq data and highlight advances and future research directions for computational methods for CNA detection from scDNAseq data.
An Exposure-Wide and Mendelian Randomization Approach to Identifying Modifiable Factors for the Prevention of Depression
Authors: Karmel W. Choi, Murray B. Stein, Kristen M. Nishimi, Tian Ge, Jonathan R.I. Coleman, Chia-Yen Chen, Andrew Ratanatharathorn, Amanda B. Zheutlin, Erin C. Dunn, Gerome Breen, Karestan C. Koenen, Jordan W. Smoller
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2020)

Efforts to prevent depression, the leading cause of disability worldwide, have focused on a limited number of candidate factors. Using phenotypic and genomic data from over 100,000 UK Biobank participants, the authors sought to systematically screen and validate a wide range of potential modifiable factors for depression.
Abstract 14530: The ADP Receptor P2Y12 Regulates Endothelial Tip Cell Behaviors Through Suppression of Notch-Flt1 Signaling During Vascular Development
Authors: Wenqing Li, Jian Chen, Qing Jing
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Purinergic signaling is vasoactive and involved in some vascular pathological conditions. Deficiency of extracellular nucleotide phosphohydrolysis causes severe defect of cell infiltration in new v...
SAT0179 ADHERENCE TO HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE INFLUENCES THE INCIDENCE OF ORGAN DAMAGE DURING FOLLOW-UP IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Authors: J. H. Kang, S. E. Choi, H. Xu, D. J. Park, S. S. Lee
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: Objectives: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a cornerstone drug in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), decreasing the risk of flares and comorbidities and improving survival. This study investigated the effects of HCQ adherence on clinical manifestations, disease activity, and organ damage in Korean patients with SLE. Methods: Data on 299 SLE patients were obtained from the Korean Lupus Network registry. Demographic variables, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, PGA, and SLEDAI-2000 and SLICC damage index scores were recorded at the time of enrollment and repeated annually for 4 consecutive years. Patients were divided into two groups according to the level of HCQ adherence. Adherence was defined by the medication possession ratio and dichotomized as ≤ 80% vs. &gt; 80%. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the impact of adherence to HCQ on clinical outcomes. Results: Of the 299 patients, 31 (10.4%) showed poor drug adherence during the follow-up period. Patients with poor HCQ adherence were older (P=0.011), less insured (P=0.024), experienced lower employment (P=0.033), and had a higher rate of comorbidities such as hypertension (P=0.048) and depression (P&lt;0.001). The non-adherent group had higher mean and changed SLICC damage index scores than the adherent group across all 4 years. In the multivariate analysis, HCQ non-adherence was significantly associated with older age (OR, 1.043; 95% CI, 1.006–1.081; P=0.021), depression (OR, 11.98; 95% CI, 1.099–130.6; P=0.042), and an annual increase in the SLICC damage index score (OR, 2.275; 95% CI, 1.369–3.779; P=0.002). Conclusion: HCQ adherence might be influenced by age and depressive mood. Additionally, the poor adherence to HCQ in SLE patients was correlated with higher cumulative organ damage. Therefore, patients with SLE should be educated to take HCQ appropriately to improve their clinical outcome in clinical practice. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Evolving Treatment Patterns of Healthcare Providers (HCPs) and Multiple Myeloma (MM) Experts from 2013-2017: Analysis of an Annually Updated Online Treatment Decision Tool
Authors: Kristen M Rosenthal, Carol Ann Huff, Shaji K Kumar, Suzanne Lentzsch, Sagar Lonial, Kevin L Obholz, Terrence F. Fagan, Timothy A Quill, Kenneth C Anderson
Journal: Blood (2017)
Abstract 6465: Clinicopathological features of TROP-2 and pTROP-2 in gastric cancer
Authors: Syuhei Kushiyama, Masakazu Yashiro, Sadaaki Nishimura, Shingo Togano, Kanji Kuroda, Atsushi Sugimoto, Tomohiro Sera, Yurie Yamamoto, Tomohisa Okuno, Yuichiro Miki, Hiroshi Nakada, Masaichi Ohira
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Introduction: The human trophoblast cell-surface antigen TROP-2 is a cell surface glycoprotein receptor involved in tight junctions at the epithelial barrier. Although TROP-2 is reportedly overexpressed in various epithelial tumors and its expression correlates with aggressive tumor behavior, there is no report of the clinicopathological features of gastric cancer (GC) with TROP-2 and phosphorylated TROP-2 (pTROP-2) expression. We evaluated the clinicopathologic significance of TROP-2 and pTROP-2 expression in GC patients. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 720 GC patients who underwent resection for GC. The expressions of TROP-2 and pTROP-2 in each tumor were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. We then divided the patients into the TROP-2 high group, TROP-2 low group, pTROP-2 high group, and pTROP-2 low group. The association between TROP-2 or pTROP-2 expression and clinicopathological variables were assessed by the chi-square test. Overall survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method, and compared by log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis. Results: TROP-2 high group was found to be overexpressed in 330 (46.7%) tumor samples. Significantly higher expression of TROP-2 was significantly correlated with intestinal type, tumor invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion, and venous invasion. pTROP-2 high group was found to be overexpressed in 306 (43.4%) tumor samples. Significantly higher expression of pTROP-2 was correlated with intestinal type, low tumor invasion depth, no lymph node metastasis, and no lymphatic invasion. TROP2 overexpression was predictive for poor overall survival of patients with GC (p = 0.0002, log rank test), while multivariate analysis to overall survival revealed that TROP-2 overexpression was not an independent prognostic marker (p=0.06). In contrast, pTROP-2 overexpression was predictive for good overall survival of patients with GC (p = 0.004, log rank test). Conclusion: TROP-2 might be associated with metastatic ability of gastric cancer cells, resulting poor prognosis of patients with GC. Citation Format: Syuhei Kushiyama, Masakazu Yashiro, Sadaaki Nishimura, Shingo Togano, Kanji Kuroda, Atsushi Sugimoto, Tomohiro Sera, Yurie Yamamoto, Tomohisa Okuno, Yuichiro Miki, Hiroshi Nakada, Masaichi Ohira. Clinicopathological features of TROP-2 and pTROP-2 in gastric cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6465.
Identification of a naturally presented HLA-A*0201-restricted CTL-defined mutant p53 peptide in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck
Authors: Diasuke Ito, Thomas K. Hoffmann, Henning Bier, Theresa L. Whiteside, Robert L. Ferris, Albert B. Deleo
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

5458  Objective: Determine whether p53 missense mutations that occur within the HLA-A2.1-restricted epitopes, p53149-157, p53 217-225 and p53264-272, in HLA-A2.1+ squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN) are capable of being targeted with tumor specific p53 vaccines. Methods: Sequence analysis of p53 expressed in 53 HLA-A2+ SCCHN tumors identified 5 distinct mutations, V157F, S149C, T150R, Y220C and E271K, occurring in three HLA-A2.1-restricted p53 epitopes in 10/53 tumors. The Y220C mutation was detected in 6/53 tumors. Synthetic mutant p53 peptides were tested for HLA-A2.1-binding in MHC stabilization assays and induction of anti-mutant peptide CTL from normal donor PBMC. The anti-mutant peptide reactivity of PBMC following in vitro stimulation (IVS) with peptide-pulsed autologous dendritic cells was determined in cytotoxic and ELISPOT IFNγ assays using T2 target cells and HLA-A2+ SCCHN cell lines. Results: All mutant p53 peptides tested, with the exception of Y220C peptide, displayed little to no binding to HLA-A2.1 molecules and failed to induce anti-mutant peptide CTL in IVS cultures. In contrast, the Y220C mutant peptide yielded bulk and cloned populations of CD8+ T cells specific for the mutant peptide and reactive against an HLA-A2+ SCCHN cell line expressing the Y220C mutation, UD-SCC6, but not PCI-13, an HLA-A2+ SCCHN cell line expressing a p53 mutation at codon 286. Conclusion: Most of the mutant p53 peptides tested involved non-conserved amino acid exchanges at anchor positions of the epitope that abrogated HLA-A2.1 binding. In contrast, Y220C represents a mutation that can be naturally presented and targeted to induce a potentially robust immune response. We are currently evaluating the immunogenicity of this mutant peptide in the autologous UD-SCC6 system. The notable frequency of the “hot spot” p53 Y220C mutation in HLA-A2+ SCCHN tumors makes development of vaccines targeting it a more practical approach than previously considered for p53 missense mutations