tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THU0206 А VERY EARLY (7-28 DAYS) RESPONSE ON JAK INHIBITOR TOFACITINIB IN PATIENTS WITH ACTIVE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: EFFECT ON PAIN AND CENTRAL SENSITIZATION.
Authors: A. Karateev, E. Filatova, E. Pogozheva, V. Amirdzhanova, E. Nasonov, A. Lila, V. Mazurov, N. Lapkina, G. Lukina, T. Salnikova, R. Samigullina, D. Chakieva, I. Marusenko, O. Semagina, M. Semchenkova
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: The presence of central sensitization (CS) significantly burdens the course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). JAK inhibitors block intracellular signal pathways including the ones responsible for synthesis of mediators and cytokines causing pain and CS. The application of JAK inhibitors is supposed to relieve pain and reduce CS severity promptly. Objectives: To evaluate JAK inhibitor effect on pain and signs of CS in patients with active RA 7 and 28 days after the start of therapy. Methods: Study group included 39 patients with RA, their age was 50.9±11.1, 79.5% of women, 89.7% of RF “+”, DAS28 5.8±0.6, receiving DMARDs (methotrexate 82.0% and leflunomide 18.0%), who were administered with tofacitinib 5 mg 2 times a day due to inefficiency or intolerance of genetically engineered biological drugs. There were assessed the pain severity using Brief pain inventory (BPI) questionnaire, the presence of neuropathic pain component (NPC) using PainDETECT questionnaire and signs of CS using Central Sensitisation Inventory (CSI) questionnaire at early time after tofacitinib administration. Results: Patients initially experienced a severe pain – 5.72±2.21 according to the visual analogue scale (VAS), 53.8% had signs of central sensitization (CSI ≥ 40), 17.9% had NPC (PainDETECT ≥18). 7 days after tofacitinib intake there was statistically reliable reduction of pain severity – up to 4.37±2.2 (р=0.01), pain decrease of 29.4±17.9% (BPI), NCP – PainDETECT from 12.9±5.5 to 10.6±5.6 (р=0.047) and CS – CSI from 43.1±12.8 to 35.9±11.2 (р=0.01). The effect had increased after 28 days: pain level (VAS) was 2.84±1.57 (р=0.000), pain decrease of 43.6±29.6% (BPI), PainDETECT 29.8±12.4 (р=0.000), CSI 26.4±13.9 (р=0.000). During this period there were no serious adverse reactions. Conclusion: The application of JAK inhibitor tofacitinib allows to reach a fast analgesic effect, also due to impact on CS and NCP. Source: National Registry patients with RA Disclosure of Interests: : Andrey Karateev: None declared, Ekaterina Filatova: None declared, Elena Pogozheva: None declared, Vera Amirdzhanova: None declared, Evgeny Nasonov: None declared, Alexander Lila: None declared, V Mazurov: None declared, N Lapkina: None declared, Galina Lukina Speakers bureau: Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Abbvie, Biocad, MSD, Roche, Tatiana Salnikova: None declared, Ruzana Samigullina: None declared, Diana Chakieva: None declared, Irina Marusenko: None declared, Olga Semagina: None declared, Marina Semchenkova: None declared
Carbapenem-alternative strategies for complicated urinary tract infections: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: T. ten Doesschate, T.W. van der Vaart, J.A.A. Damen, M.J.M. Bonten, C.H. van Werkhoven
Journal: Journal of Infection (2020)

•Frequent use of carbapenem increases selection of carbapenem resistant Enterobacterales.•To alleviate this, we reviewed alternative strategies against complicated urinary tract infection.•In sixteen randomized controlled trials, twelve carbapenem-alternatives were investigated.•Four empirical and one pathogen-directed strategies are reasonable alternatives to carbapenem.
A cognitive developmental approach is essential to understanding cumulative technological culture
Authors: Emily Rachel Reed Burdett, Samuel Ronfard
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2020)

Abstract Osiurak and Reynaud argue that children are not a good methodological choice to examine cumulative technological culture (CTC). However, the paper ignores other current work that suggests that young children do display some aspects of creative problem-solving. We argue that using multiple methodologies and examining how technical-reasoning develops in children will provide crucial support for a cognitive approach to CTC.
Duration of infectiousness and correlation with RT-PCR cycle threshold values in cases of COVID-19, England, January to May 2020
Authors: Anika Singanayagam, Monika Patel, Andre Charlett, Jamie Lopez Bernal, Vanessa Saliba, Joanna Ellis, Shamez Ladhani, Maria Zambon, Robin Gopal
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral load in the upper respiratory tract peaks around symptom onset and infectious virus persists for 10 days in mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease (n = 324 samples analysed). RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values correlate strongly with cultivable virus. Probability of culturing virus declines to 8% in samples with Ct &gt; 35 and to 6% 10 days after onset; it is similar in asymptomatic and symptomatic persons. Asymptomatic persons represent a source of transmissible virus.
Targeted Intraoperative Radiotherapy for Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Søren M. Bentzen, Joanne S. Haviland, John R. Yarnold
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Low-intensity Pulsed Ultrasound regulates alveolar bone homeostasis in experimental Periodontitis by diminishing Oxidative Stress
Authors: Siqi Ying, Minmin Tan, Ge Feng, Yunchun Kuang, Duanjing Chen, Jie Li, Jinlin Song
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Periodontitis is a widespread oral disease that results in the loss of alveolar bone. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), which is a new therapeutic option, promotes alveolar bone regeneration in periodontal bone injury models. This study investigated the protective effect of LIPUS on oxidative stress in periodontitis and the mechanism underlying this process. Methods: An experimental periodontitis model was induced by administering a ligature. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression levels of oxidative stress, osteogenic, and osteoclastogenic markers in vivo. Cell viability and osteogenic differentiation were analyzed using the Cell Counting Kit-8, alkaline phosphatase, and Alizarin Red staining assays. A reactive oxygen species assay kit, lipid peroxidation MDA assay kit, and western blotting were used to determine oxidative stress status in vitro. To verify the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an oxidative regulator, during LIPUS treatment, the siRNA technique and Nrf2-/- mice were used. The PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 was utilized to identify the effects of the PI3K-Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Results: Alveolar bone resorption, which was experimentally induced by periodontitis in vivo, was alleviated by LIPUS via activation of Nrf2. Oxidative stress, induced via H2O2 treatment in vitro, inhibited cell viability and suppressed osteogenic differentiation. These effects were also alleviated by LIPUS treatment via Nrf2 activation. Nrf2 silencing blocked the antioxidant effect of LIPUS by diminishing heme oxygenase-1 expression. Nrf2-/- mice were susceptible to ligature-induced periodontitis, and the protective effect of LIPUS on alveolar bone dysfunction was weaker in these mice. Activation of Nrf2 by LIPUS was accompanied by activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. The oxidative defense function of LIPUS was inhibited by exposure to LY294002 in vitro. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that LIPUS regulates alveolar bone homeostasis in periodontitis by attenuating oxidative stress via the regulation of PI3K-Akt/Nrf2 signaling. Thus, Nrf2 plays a pivotal role in the protective effect exerted by LIPUS against ligature-induced experimental periodontitis.
Integrated Metabolic and Epigenomic Reprograming by H3K27M Mutations in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas
Authors: Chan Chung, Stefan R. Sweha, Drew Pratt, Benita Tamrazi, Pooja Panwalkar, Adam Banda, Jill Bayliss, Debra Hawes, Fusheng Yang, Ho-Joon Lee, Mengrou Shan, Marcin Cieslik, Tingting Qin, Christian K. Werner, Daniel R. Wahl, Costas A. Lyssiotis, Zhiguo Bian, J. Brad Shotwell, Viveka Nand Yadav, Carl Koschmann, Arul M. Chinnaiyan, Stefan Blüml, Alexander R. Judkins, Sriram Venneti
Journal: Cancer Cell (2020)
Spatial patterns of CTCF sites define the anatomy of TADs and their boundaries
Authors: Luca Nanni, Stefano Ceri, Colin Logie
Journal: Genome biology (2020)

Abstract Background Topologically associating domains (TADs) are genomic regions of self-interaction. Additionally, it is known that TAD boundaries are enriched in CTCF binding sites. In turn, CTCF sites are known to be asymmetric, whereby the convergent configuration of a pair of CTCF sites leads to the formation of a chromatin loop in vivo. However, to date, it has been unclear how to reconcile TAD structure with CTCF-based chromatin loops. Results We approach this problem by analysing CTCF binding site strengths and classifying clusters of CTCF sites along the genome on the basis of their relative orientation. Analysis of CTCF site orientation classes as a function of their spatial distribution along the human genome reveals that convergent CTCF site clusters are depleted while divergent CTCF clusters are enriched in the 5- to 100-kb range. We then analyse the distribution of CTCF binding sites as a function of TAD boundary conservation across seven primary human blood cell types. This reveals divergent CTCF site enrichment at TAD boundaries. Furthermore, convergent arrays of CTCF sites separate the left and right sections of TADs that harbour internal CTCF sites, resulting in unequal TAD ‘halves’. Conclusions The orientation-based CTCF binding site cluster classification that we present reconciles TAD boundaries and CTCF site clusters in a mechanistically elegant fashion. This model suggests that the emergent structure of nuclear chromatin in the form of TADs relies on the obligate alternation of divergent and convergent CTCF site clusters that occur at different length scales along the genome. Graphical abstract
OP0013 Prevalence, clinical expression and causes of ischaemic heart disease in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: MJ Banks, EJ Flint, PA Bacon, GD Kitas
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Cardiovascular mortality is increased in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). This may be due to early development and increased prevalence of Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD). <h3>Objectives</h3> We aimed to assess the prevalence, clinical presentation and risk factors of IHD in RA compared to matched controls. <h3>Methods</h3> Prospective, random recruitment of 104 hospital outpatients: 67 RA, 37 osteoarthritis controls. IHD detection: Rose questionnaire, ECG, adenosine-stressed myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging. Assessments: demographics, body mass index (BMI), disease and drug history, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), current and cumulative inflammatory burden (ESR, CRP), Joint Count, Rheumatoid Factor, von Willebrand Factor (vWF), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), lipids, fibrinogen, homocysteine, H. pylori, CMV and C. pneumoniae titers. <h3>Results</h3> RA and controls were matched for all classical IHD risk factors (age, sex, family history, smoking, hypertension, lipids, diabetes, BMI) and NSAID use. Despite this, IHD in RA was almost twice as prevalent (49%) as in controls (27%) [p = 0.03] in both sexes, clinically silent in 52% vs 20% [p = 0.003], high risk in 60% vs 70% and present a decade earlier in RA. ESR, CRP, fibrinogen, vWF, ACE were significantly higher in RA [p &lt; 0.001]. By logistic regression, age, male sex, RA and BMI independently predicted IHD in the study population. Within the RA group, patients with IHD had higher age, male sex, blood pressure, triglycerides, BMI, H. pylori titers and steroid use than those without IHD [p &lt; 0.05]; RA duration, activity, seropositivity or functional ability were not significantly different. Age, male sex and BMI were the only independent predictors of IHD in RA. <h3>Conclusion</h3> IHD is highly prevalent, clinically silent, occurs early and may be the main cause of increased cardiovascular death in RA. Within a hospital population, RA is an independent risk factor for IHD, with clinical and outcome characteristics similar to type II diabetes. In RA, classical IHD risk factors and systemic inflammation may both play a role. Further research may elucidate the mechanisms involved and help design risk reduction strategies specific to RA.
Effectiveness and Safety of High- vs Low-Dose Swallowed Topical Steroids for Maintenance Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Thomas Greuter, Anne Godat, Amit Ringel, Hector Samuel Almonte, Daniel Schupack, Gabriela Mendoza, Talaya McCright-Gill, Evan S. Dellon, Ikuo Hirano, Jeffrey Alexander, Mirna Chehade, Ekaterina Safroneeva, Christian Bussmann, Luc Biedermann, Philipp Schreiner, Alain M. Schoepfer, Alex Straumann, David A. Katzka
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)
Robotic versus laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer: The largest meta-analysis
Authors: Gian Piero Guerrini, Giuseppe Esposito, Paolo Magistri, Valentina Serra, Cristiano Guidetti, Tiziana Olivieri, Barbara Catellani, Giacomo Assirati, Roberto Ballarin, Stefano Di Sandro, Fabrizio Di Benedetto
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2020)
The elephant in the China shop: When technical reasoning meets cumulative technological culture
Authors: François Osiurak, Emanuelle Reynaud
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2020)

The commentaries have both revealed the implications of and challenged our approach. In this response, we reply to these concerns, discuss why the technical-reasoning hypothesis does not minimize the role of social-learning mechanisms - nor assume that technical-reasoning skills make individuals omniscient technically - and make suggestions for overcoming the classical opposition between the cultural versus cognitive niche hypothesis of cumulative technological culture.
Bridging Gaps in Follow-up Appointments After Hospitalization and Youth Suicide
Authors: David A. Brent, Tina R. Goldstein, Tami D. Benton
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Cynthia A. Fontanella, PhD; Lynn A. Warner, PhD; Danielle L. Steelesmith, PhD; Guy Brock, PhD; Jeffrey A. Bridge, PhD; John V. Campo, MD
Abstract 11665: Increased Number of Repetitive Balloon Inflations in the Culprit Coronary Artery After Reperfusion During PCI is Associated with Favorable Clinical Outcomes in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Takamitsu Nakamura, Yoshinobu Kitta, Jun-ei Obata, Yukio Saito, Ken-ichi Kawabata, Daisuke Fujioka, Kiyotaka Kugiyama
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Ischemic post-conditioning attenuates myocardial injury in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Post-dilation of angioplasty balloon in the culprit coronary artery after reperfusion is required in th...
Preventing Parastomal Hernia After Ileal Conduit by the Use of a Prophylactic Mesh: A Randomised Study
Authors: Fredrik Liedberg, Petter Kollberg, Marie Allerbo, Gediminas Baseckas, Johan Brändstedt, Sigurdur Gudjonsson, Oskar Hagberg, Ulf Håkansson, Tomas Jerlström, Annica Löfgren, Oliver Patschan, Anne Sörenby, Mats Bläckberg
Journal: European Urology (2020)

Parastomal hernia (PSH) after urinary diversion with ileal conduit is frequently a clinical problem. To investigate whether a prophylactic lightweight mesh in the sublay position can reduce the cumulative incidence of PSH after open cystectomy with ileal conduit. From 2012 to 2017, we randomised 242 patients 1:1 to conventional stoma construction (n = 124) or prophylactic mesh (n = 118) at three Swedish hospitals (ISRCTN 95093825). The primary endpoint was clinical PSH, and secondary endpoints were radiological PSH assessed in prone position with the stoma in the centre of a ring, parastomal bulging, and complications from the mesh. Within 24 mo, 20/89 (23%) patients in the control arm and 10/92 (11%) in the intervention arm had developed a clinical PSH (p = 0.06) after a median follow-up of 3 yr, corresponding to a hazard ratio of 0.45 (confidence interval 0.24–0.86, p = 0.02) in the intervention arm. The proportions of radiological PSHs within 24 mo were 22/89 (25%) and 17/92 (19%) in the two study arms. During follow-up, five patients in the control arm and two in the intervention arm were operated for PSH. The median operating time was 50 min longer in patients receiving a mesh. No differences were noted in proportions of Clavien-Dindo complications at 90 d postoperatively or in complications related to the mesh during follow-up. Prophylactic implantation of a lightweight mesh in the sublay position decreases the risk of PSH when constructing an ileal conduit without increasing the risk of complications related to the mesh. The median surgical time is prolonged by mesh implantation. In this randomised report, we looked at the risk of parastomal hernia after cystectomy and urinary diversion with ileal conduit with or without the use of a prophylactic mesh. We conclude that such a prophylactic measure decreased the occurrence of parastomal hernias, with only a slight increase in operating time and no added risk of complications related to the mesh.
Azacitidine and Venetoclax in Previously Untreated Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Courtney D. DiNardo, Brian A. Jonas, Vinod Pullarkat, Michael J. Thirman, Jacqueline S. Garcia, Andrew H. Wei, Marina Konopleva, Hartmut Döhner, Anthony Letai, Pierre Fenaux, Elizabeth Koller, Violaine Havelange, Brian Leber, Jordi Esteve, Jianxiang Wang, Vlatko Pejsa, Roman Hájek, Kimmo Porkka, Árpád Illés, David Lavie, Roberto M. Lemoli, Kazuhito Yamamoto, Sung-Soo Yoon, Jun-Ho Jang, Su-Peng Yeh, Mehmet Turgut, Wan-Jen Hong, Ying Zhou, Jalaja Potluri, Keith W. Pratz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have a dismal prognosis, even after treatment with a hypomethylating agent. Azacitidine added to venetoclax had promising efficacy in a previous phase 1b study.
Abstract 14570: Risk Stratification of Patients with HIV and Renal Dysfunction Undergoing Stress Echocardiographic Evaluation for Known or Suspected Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Omar Wever-Pinzon, Jorge Romero, Jorge Silva Enciso, Farooq A Chaudhry
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: HIV affects both the heart and kidneys, resulting in a substantial increase in overall morbidity and mortality. However, the impact of renal function on cardiovascular events in patient...
Rituximab-Based Regimen As First-Line Treatment in Chinese Patients with Follicular Lymphoma: Three-Year Safety Data from a Prospective, Observational Study
Authors: Jianqiu Wu, Yongping Song, Liping Su, Mingzhi Zhang, Wei Li, Yu Hu, Xiaohong Zhang, Yuhuan Gao, Zuoxing Niu, Ru Feng, Wei Wang, Jiewen Peng, Xiaolin Li, Xuenong Ouyang, Changping Wu, Weijing Zhang, Yun Zeng, Zhen Xiao, Yingmin Liang, Yongzhi Zhuang, Jishi Wang, Zimin Sun, Hai Bai, Tongjian Cui, Jifeng Feng
Journal: Blood (2017)
Mast Cell and Eosinophil Counts in Gastric and Duodenal Biopsy Specimens From Patients With and Without Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis
Authors: Craig C. Reed, Robert M. Genta, Bradford A. Youngblood, Joshua B. Wechsler, Evan S. Dellon
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)
International harmonization in performing and reporting minimal residual disease assessment in multiple myeloma trials
Authors: Luciano J. Costa, Benjamin A. Derman, Susan Bal, Surbhi Sidana, Saurabh Chhabra, Rebecca Silbermann, Jing C. Ye, Gordon Cook, Robert F. Cornell, Sarah A. Holstein, Qian Shi, James Omel, Natalie S. Callander, Wee Joo Chng, Vania Hungria, Angelo Maiolino, Edward Stadtmauer, Sergio Giralt, Marcelo Pasquini, Andrzej J. Jakubowiak, Gareth J. Morgan, Amrita Krishnan, Graham H. Jackson, Mohamad Mohty, Maria Victoria Mateos, Meletious A. Dimopoulos, Thierry Facon, Andrew Spencer, Jesus San Miguel, Parameswaran Hari, Saad Z. Usmani, Salomon Manier, Phillip McCarthy, Shaji Kumar, Francesca Gay, Bruno Paiva
Journal: Leukemia (2020)
Breast cancer: study claiming that screening women in their 40s saves lives “found the opposite,” say critics
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Reducing the lower age limit for breast cancer screening from 50 to 40 “can save lives” with minimal increased overdiagnosis, claim researchers reporting the final results of the UK Age trial. However, some experts describe the claim as misleading rhetoric and argue that major improvements in treatment have occurred since the trial began.

The study, published in Lancet Oncology ,1 recruited 160 921 women aged 39-41 from 1990 to 1997 and randomly assigned them either to annual mammograms until age 48 or to standard care, meaning no screening until invited onto the NHS breast screening programme at age 50.1

The study was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme, and the primary outcome was mortality from breast cancers diagnosed before the woman’s first NHS breast screen.

Screening was carried out at 23 breast screening units in Great Britain, and the women were followed up for a median of 22.8 years. At 10 years’ follow-up the study found 83 breast …