tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The affect of androgens on fatty acid oxidation in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Helen Lin, Pierre Laflamme, Inna Bryskin, Brian Wilson, Gurmit Singh, Jehonathan Pinthus
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

474  Epidemiological evidence suggests that dietary fat plays a role in the etiology of prostate cancer (PC). Oxidation of fatty acids (FA) results in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have been postulated to play a key role in the initiation and progression of PC. The purpose of this study was to determine whether androgens, which stimulate the growth of PC, also play a role in fatty acid (FA) uptake and degradation and consequently increase mitochondrial ROS production. The model used compares the effect of a synthetic androgen (R1881) and an androgen receptor (AR) blocker (bicalutamide) on androgen responsive 22rv1 prostate cancer cells. Methods used were quantitative PCR, 14C-labeled long chain FA degradation assay and western blot analysis. We found that androgen supplementation increased the mRNA expression of the rate limiting enzyme in the fatty acid degradation Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1), in both liver and muscle isoforms and bicalutamide inhibited this phenomenon. Consequently, androgen supplementation increased the oxidation of long chain FA and this was reversed by bicalutamide. In addition, R1881 decreased the expression of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC) and its inactivated form phospho-ACC, an enzyme responsible for regulating the synthesis of the CPT1 inhibitor, malonyl-CoA. Subsequently we demonstrated that blockage of mitochondrial ROS generation by 2 different inhibitors- rotenone and thenoyltrifluoroacetone could eliminate the androgen induced generation of cellular ROS which is coupled to FA oxidation, bringing it to the same levels of PC cells that were deprived of androgens or treated with bicalutamide. Thus, we propose that the increase in ROS levels in PC cells is androgen regulated through the increased expression of CPT1 and decreased expression of ACC. Therefore, the FA that is taken up into PC cells is available for mitochondrial oxidation, a process that is also positively regulated by androgens, leading to the increased production of ROS that are associated with cancer cell proliferation and mutagenesis. In addition, the observed change in CPT1 and ACC expression may present a future target in reducing ROS levels for the purpose of PC prevention and therapy. Furthermore, dietary restrictions or anti-oxidants, also each have different inhibitory but complementary effects on the proposed mechanism.
Expanding US Medicaid improves birth outcomes in black babies
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Expanding Medicaid insurance to improve continuity of care for women in lower income families led to better outcomes for black infants, bringing their rates of low birthweight and preterm birth closer to those seen in white babies, a study published in JAMA shows.1

Researchers in the US compared states that had rolled out the optional Medicaid expansion with those that had not, looking at 15.6 million births from 2011 to 2016. They found that, although the expansion was not linked to improvements in rates …
The President of an Empty Room
Authors: Nadeeja Koralage
Journal: BMJ (2005)

“Before Columbus, smoking tobacco was a form of prayer. Now it is an act of rebellion against what you know to be true…. And if you decide to visit tobacco as a subject, you have to go to Cuba as a setting, because Cuba is itself an act of rebellion against what the world believes to be true.”

Steven Knight, playwright of The President of an Empty Room 

Miguel Fernando is a senior cigar roller in a Havana factory, with his friend, Simon. A public address system in the factory means that they listen to either music or love poetry to encourage them to be gentle with the tobacco, as they roll the cigars in a factory where company spirits are all important. Miguel …
Upfront tuition fees scrapped
Authors: Amina Hussain
Journal: BMJ (2000)

A motion to abolish upfront tuition fees, for Scottish students attending Scottish universities, has been passed in the Holyrood parliament. The Scottish Executive announced its plans for a wide ranging new funding system at the end of January this year, in response to the recommendations of the Cubie report into student finance.



Andrew Cubie explains the recommendations of the Cubie report (The Scotsman)



Although fees will be scrapped by autumn 2000, it is expected that the proposed new system will be implemented fully by next academic year, subject to further parliamentary approval. …
This Man's Pill: Reflections on the 50th Birthday of the Pill
Authors: Sabina Dosani
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Remarkably, 80% of American women since 1945 have used the oral contraceptive pill. The fact that the pill, first synthesised in 1951, changed the lives of millions of women is no surprise; its life altering effects on Carl Djerassi, the pill's self titled father, are less well known. This book is a dramatic, personal, and intimate memoir of the synthesis of the first steroid oral contraceptive and a life in its aftermath. Djerassi credits his pill with changing him from …
The Doctor's Internet Handbook
Authors: Kay Seong Ngoo
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Information technology is becoming more dominant in the working lives of doctors and more so medical students. Overwhelmed by a plethora of information on the internet, those working in the medical field would certainly encounter an uphill battle to keep themselves abreast with changes in medical knowledge, to apply the best information into practice, and to respond to questions from the patients or the lay public.

With this in mind, Kiley has compiled a handbook featuring simple and practical advice on surfing the internet for medical information. This book would benefit both expert and novice. Despite the book's title, medical students stand …
“Lose waist…gain life,” claims new programme for men
Authors: Kay Brennan
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The first weight loss programme designed specifically for overweight men is being launched in Britain.

Fatmanslim is a new “at home” programme that coaches men about the fundamentals of weight loss and claims: “Lose waist...gain life.” It is designed with male behaviour in mind and has the initial goal of trimming 10 cm off the average beer gut in 12 weeks.



Getting in the way of things: Fatmanslim's promotional material is designed to …
Global perspectives on patients
Authors: Adrián González Aguirre, Chibuzo Odigwe, Elissa Altin, Mirza Muminovic, Sanjit Bagchi, Irina Haivas, Cèsar Eduardo Wong Alcázar
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Doctors and patients relate to each other differently in different cultures. Here seven medical students from around the globe share their insights

Scattered on these two pages are seven words for “patient.” On the next two pages are seven languages. Match up the right words to the right languages and you could win £50 ($80; ¤70) of amazon.com vouchers. Web readers: it's not easy to scatter words on the web so they are collected here in a box.

1.  mareese

2.  pacient

3.  paciente

4.  rogi

5.  bolnavi

6.  pacijent

7.  onye oya


 

1.  Hindi, the national language of India

2.  Bengali, a language of eastern india

3.  Romanian

4.  less commonly used Romanian, literally “ill men”

5.  Bosnian

6.  Igbo, one of 250 languages used in Nigeria, literally “sick person”

7.  Spanish

Email studenteditor@bmj.com with your answers (such as paciente is Spanish, so the answer would be C7), and your name, year of study, University and country by 24 July. We'll pick three winners at random from all those with the right answers and let you know who has won in September's journal.



NASA



Mexico is a country full of differences. In Mexico, we think of three different health groups--the wealthy, the worker with just enough money to live on, and the deprived. Differences between these groups are huge, in terms of how they communicate and the treatment they receive. Recently, litigation has changed things, and doctors feel a lot of pressure dealing with information and probabilities.

Communication between doctors and patients depends entirely on what the doctor thinks patients want. How doctors inform their patients about their illnesses varies between doctors and families; education, religion, and traditions affect the way people communicate. Patients' relatives often want to keep things secret, and ask the doctor not to reveal the truth. This is common in elderly people and people with terminal diseases. People that …
Exams could worsen asthma
Authors: Helen Barratt
Journal: BMJ (2002)

As thousands of students approach finals in the next few weeks, there is now evidence to suggest that the stress at this time may exacerbate symptoms in people with asthma. The American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine reports that researchers from the University of Wisconsin have found that stress associated with exams can increase the sensitivity of airways, increasing the local inflammatory response to antigens such as cat dander.



Twenty undergraduates (11 men and 9 …
The commonest of problems
Authors: Jean Adams
Journal: BMJ (2001)

I am half way through my final year rotation in general practice and am sitting in on an afternoon clinic. The GP summarises the next patient's notes for me.

“Okay, this man is 56…. His wife died at home five weeks ago of rectal cancer…. He took early retirement…. We've got him on some dothiepin [an antidepressant] … he seems to be taking it all quite badly.”

As the patient sits down, the doctor asks him what he's been up to over the past week. He sighs and the tears start as he realises that he has been filling his time with nothing, that he has nothing to fill his time with, and that he is drinking more.

“I can't think of anything that's worth doing. Everything's so empty and useless.” He trails off and I start to remember the feelings that I am just starting to put behind me. My own mother's death is distant enough to no longer be a constant preoccupation but recent enough for the emotions to come back …
The medic's guide to prescribing Effective prescribing
Authors: Claire Meager, Philip A Routledge
Journal: BMJ (2007)

How often have you thought about the importance of and the processes involved in choosing the most effective drug for your patient? Claire Meager and Philip A Routledge help you find out

I will not provide treatments that are pointless or harmful, or which an informed and competent patient refuses. I will help patients find the information and support they want to make decisions on their care

A new Hippocratic oath, 2004

When it comes to choosing the most appropriate drugs for our patients, there unfortunately isn't a concept of a must have drug or indeed a one size fits all regimen of treatment. Instead, each decision about treatment is made according to a number of different factors, such as proved efficacy, cost effectiveness, and patients' preferences. Together these constitute the idea of rational prescribing. (This concept was introduced in article one of this series.) This article explains which drugs we should be giving to our patients, focusing on fundamental concepts while also giving a few specific examples.

In a perfect world patients would not need any drugs, and one stop treatments would be the answer. This is often the panacea of medical treatment-for example, the idea of islet cell pancreatic transplantation for diabetes mellitus rather than daily injections of insulin or multiple hyperglycaemia drugs. For most chronic conditions, however, such as ischaemic heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes, long term treatment with drugs is essential. And as the population ages, patients with multiple comorbidities will need ever increasing numbers of treatments.

Drugs are the mainstay of therapeutic interventions for acute and chronic conditions, whether intended to prolong life, treat symptoms, or cure disease. When making the decision about which class of agent or the most appropriate drug for your patient you should consider efficacy and clinical effectiveness, safety, and cost …
Abstract 17916: Effect of Spatial and Temporal Resolution on the Calculation of Global Longitudinal Strain by Three-Dimensional Echocardiography
Authors: Aasha S Gopal, Rena S Toole, Jie J Cao
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Global longitudinal strain by three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (3D ECHO) is a sensitive marker of left ventricular (LV) mechanical dysfunction and correlates with dim...
Multidisciplinary home-based rehabilitation in inoperable lung cancer: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lara Edbrooke, Sanchia Aranda, Catherine L Granger, Christine F McDonald, Mei Krishnasamy, Linda Mileshkin, Ross A Clark, Ian Gordon, Louis Irving, Linda Denehy
Journal: Thorax (2019)

Lung cancer is associated with poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and high symptom burden. This trial aimed to assess the efficacy of home-based rehabilitation versus usual care in inoperable lung cancer.A parallel-group, assessor-blinded, allocation-concealed, randomised controlled trial. Eligible participants were allocated (1:1) to usual care (UC) plus 8 weeks of aerobic and resistance exercise with behaviour change strategies and symptom support (intervention group (IG)) or UC alone. Assessments occurred at baseline, 9 weeks and 6 months. The primary outcome, change in between-group 6 min walk distance (6MWD), was analysed using intention-to-treat (ITT). Subsequent analyses involved modified ITT (mITT) and included participants with at least one follow-up outcome measure. Secondary outcomes included HRQoL and symptoms.Ninety-two participants were recruited. Characteristics of participants (UC=47, IG=45): mean (SD) age 64 (12) years; men 55%; disease stage n (%) III=35 (38) and IV=48 (52); radical treatment 46%. There were no significant between-group differences for the 6MWD (n=92) at 9 weeks (p=0.308) or 6 months (p=0.979). The mITT analyses of 6MWD between-group differences were again non-significant (mean difference (95% CI): 9 weeks: -25.4 m (-64.0 to 13.3), p=0.198 and 6 months: 41.3 m (-26.7 to 109.4), p=0.232). Significant 6-month differences, favouring the IG, were found for HRQoL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung: 13.0 (3.9 to 22.1), p=0.005) and symptom severity (MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-Lung Cancer: -2.2 (-3.6 to -0.9), p=0.001).Home-based rehabilitation did not improve functional exercise capacity but there were improvements in patient-reported exploratory secondary outcomes measures observed at 6 months.Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12614001268639).
Myofibroblast Phenotype and Reversibility of Fibrosis in Patients With End-Stage Heart Failure
Authors: Chandan K. Nagaraju, Emma L. Robinson, Mouna Abdesselem, Sander Trenson, Eef Dries, Guillaume Gilbert, Stefan Janssens, Johan Van Cleemput, Filip Rega, Bart Meyns, H. Llewelyn Roderick, Ronald B. Driesen, Karin R. Sipido
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)

Interstitial fibrosis is an important component of diastolic, and systolic, dysfunction in heart failure (HF) and depends on activation and differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts (MyoFb). Recent clinical evidence suggests that in late-stage HF, fibrosis is not reversible. The study aims to examine the degree of differentiation of cardiac MyoFb in end-stage HF and the potential for their phenotypic reversibility. Fibroblasts were isolated from the left ventricle of the explanted hearts of transplant recipients (ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy), and from nonused donor hearts. Fibroblasts were maintained in culture without passaging for 4 or 8 days (treatment studies). Phenotyping included functional testing, immunostaining, and expression studies for markers of differentiation. These data were complemented with immunohistology and expression studies in tissue samples. Interstitial fibrosis with cross-linked collagen is prominent in HF hearts, with presence of activated MyoFbs. Tissue levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, lysyl oxidase, periostin, and osteopontin are elevated. Fibroblastic cells isolated from HF hearts are predominantly MyoFb, proliferative or nonproliferative, with mature α-smooth muscle actin stress fibers. HF MyoFb express high levels of profibrotic cytokines and the TGF-β1 pathway is activated. Inhibition of TGF-β1 receptor kinase in HF MyoFb promotes dedifferentiation of MyoFb with loss of α-smooth muscle actin and depolymerization of stress fibers, and reduces the expression of profibrotic genes and cytokines levels to non-HF levels. MyoFb in end-stage HF have a variable degree of differentiation and retain the capacity to return to a less activated state, validating the potential for developing antifibrotic therapy targeting MyoFb.
Put humanities on the curriculum, say medical students
Authors: Jenny Blythe
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Three quarters of medical students think that medical humanities, such as literature, should be offered on the curriculum, says a study published in the August edition of Medical Education (2000; 34: 622-9). Of the students who thought that including humanities was a good idea, 89% thought that it should not be examined.

According to the study, …
Paracetamol use linked to asthma
Authors: Alex Brooks
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Frequent use of paracetamol may make asthma worse, suggests a study published in Thorax (2000;55:266-70).

Altogether 664 people with asthma and 910 controls, all aged 16-49 years, were questioned about their use of analgesics and the severity of their symptoms of asthma and rhinitis. Weekly or daily use of paracetamol (acetaminophen) use was associated with more severe disease in individuals with asthma or rhinitis, found researchers from the Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine.



Authors warn against switching to aspirin (WILLIAM SHICK/ THE …
The Changing Kinetics of Advanced Melanoma
Authors: Daniel G. Coit
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
World Summit ends in disappointment
Authors: Mirza Muminovic
Journal: BMJ (2002)

While leaving the World Summit on sustainable development in Johannesburg, many delegates were not sure if it had been worth the effort. Disappointment was voiced at the failure to set targets for increase in the use of renewable energy as the United States and some oil producing countries blocked the move, but they welcomed new targets on sanitation in developing countries and a promise to restore global fish stocks.

Although they agreed to help the poor gain access to affordable energy, the summit couldn't agree specific goals to boost the share of global energy that …
Radiology Casebook for Medical Students
Authors: Ian C Bickle
Journal: BMJ (2001)

This is another addition to the growing range of Pastest paperback books for undergraduate medical students. As with all Pastest books, quality of content comes before aesthetic layout and simplicity of text.

This book is in effect a collection of case based scenarios of everyday clinical situations in which radiographic imaging has played a part in the management of the illness. It is somewhat strangely divided into …
A patient with funny spells
Authors: Debbie Suen, Georg Brabant
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A 42 year old nurse presented to her general practitioner with a five year history of intermittent episodes of dizziness, palpitations, and sharp central chest pain. There was no radiation or aggravating or alleviating factors. She complained that the colour of her hands and feet would drain to white, and they would feel cold. Her pulse would become impalpable, progressing to a weak irregular rhythm before returning to normal. All symptoms started at the same time, each episode lasting up to a minute before resolving simultaneously. They were not associated with exercise or posture, and her general condition improved quickly after each episode. She had no associated symptoms of breathlessness, syncope, or fits.

She was diagnosed as having chronic myeloid leukaemia at 32 and treated with bone marrow transplant and irradiation, with no evidence of relapse. She had never smoked and rarely drank alcohol. On examination, her blood pressure was 110/80 mm Hg, with postural hypotension, and her pulse was 80 beats/min, with normal sinus arrhythmia. …
Patients left waiting for cancer treatment as targets missed, BMA analysis shows
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2019)

An analysis by the BMA1 has revealed a “serious deterioration” in cancer waiting times which delayed treatment for thousands of patients this winter. In a detailed analysis of official NHS England figures,2 the BMA reported a widespread failure to meet targets across the board. “In several key respects, this could be described as the worst winter on record for the NHS,” it concluded. The report raises particular concern about cancer waiting times. Key findings included:
Stress hormones impair memory
Authors: Helen Morant
Journal: BMJ (2000)

High serum concentrations of cortisol may be responsible for stress induced memory loss, a team of researchers from Zurich has found. They compared the effects of oral cortisol and placebo in a randomised trial and found that the cortisol group did worse in tests of recall than controls. The research was prompted by animal research suggesting that learning was enhanced in animals given glucocorticoids. …