tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health Promotion Service.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 16276: Acute versus Subacute Angiography in Patients With Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction - The Nonstemi Trial
Authors: Martin B Rasmussen, Carsten Stengaard, Jacob T Sørensen, Ingunn S Riddervold, Hanne M Søndergaard, Troels Niemann, Karen Dodt, Lars Frost, Tage Jensen, Bent Raungaard, Troels M Hansen, Matthias Giebner, Claus-Henrik Rasmussen, Hans E Bøtker, Steen D Kristensen, Michael Mæng, Evald H Christiansen, Christian J Terkelsen
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: The recent guidelines from The European Society of Cardiology recommend angiography within 24 hours in high-risk patients with acute coronary syndrome without persisting ST-elevations...
Comorbidities Are Frequent in Older Patients with De Novo Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and Correlate with Induction Mortality: Analysis of More Than 1200 Patients from GMALL Data Bases
Authors: Wiba Keke Wermann, Andreas Viardot, Sabine Kayser, Nael Alakel, Ahmet Elmaagacli, Christoph Faul, Walter Fiedler, Heinz A. Horst, Elisabeth Lange, Sonja Martin, Omar Mohamed, Anke Morgner, Albrecht Reichle, Karsten Spiekermann, Bernd Spriewald, Michael Starck, Matthias Stelljes, Arne Trummer, Vladan Vucinic, Hubert Serve, Dieter Hoelzer, Nicola Goekbuget
Journal: Blood (2018)
Early Noninvasive Detection of Response to Targeted Therapy in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Jillian Phallen, Alessandro Leal, Brian D. Woodward, Patrick M. Forde, Jarushka Naidoo, Kristen A. Marrone, Julie R. Brahmer, Jacob Fiksel, Jamie E. Medina, Stephen Cristiano, Doreen N. Palsgrove, Christopher D. Gocke, Daniel C. Bruhm, Parissa Keshavarzian, Vilmos Adleff, Elizabeth Weihe, Valsamo Anagnostou, Robert B. Scharpf, Victor E. Velculescu, Hatim Husain
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

With the advent of precision oncology, there is an urgent need to develop improved methods for rapidly detecting responses to targeted therapies. Here, we have developed an ultrasensitive measure of cell-free tumor load using targeted and whole-genome sequencing approaches to assess responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with advanced lung cancer. Analyses of 28 patients treated with anti-EGFR or HER2 therapies revealed a bimodal distribution of cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) after therapy initiation, with molecular responders having nearly complete elimination of ctDNA (>98%). Molecular nonresponders displayed limited changes in ctDNA levels posttreatment and experienced significantly shorter progression-free survival (median 1.6 vs. 13.7 months, P < 0.0001; HR = 66.6; 95% confidence interval, 13.0-341.7), which was detected on average 4 weeks earlier than CT imaging. ctDNA analyses of patients with radiographic stable or nonmeasurable disease improved prediction of clinical outcome compared with CT imaging. These analyses provide a rapid approach for evaluating therapeutic response to targeted therapies and have important implications for the management of patients with cancer and the development of new therapeutics.Significance: Cell-free tumor load provides a novel approach for evaluating longitudinal changes in ctDNA during systemic treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and serves an unmet clinical need for real-time, noninvasive detection of tumor response to targeted therapies before radiographic assessment.See related commentary by Zou and Meyerson, p. 1038.
Abstract 13814: Preoperative D-dimer and Haptoglobyn Phenotype Predict Both Venous and Arterial Grafts Occlusion at Mid-term Follow-up. Results From the CoronAry Bypass Grafting: Factors Related to Late Events and Graft patEncy (CAGE) Study
Authors: Alessandro Parolari, Laura Cavallotti, Veronika Myasoedova, Cristina Banfi, Marina Camera, Daniele Andreini, Francesco Alamanni, Elena Tremoli
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: graft failure is a common event after coronary artery bypass surgery. Hypothesis: in this prospective study we assessed the role of clinical variables and of circulating biomarker lev...
A magic drug target: Androgen receptor
Authors: Dan Li, Wenfang Zhou, Jinping Pang, Qin Tang, Bingling Zhong, Chao Shen, Li Xiao, Tingjun Hou
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2018)

Abstract Androgen receptor (AR) is closely associated with a group of hormone‐related diseases including the cancers of prostate, breast, ovary, pancreas, etc and anabolic deficiencies such as muscle atrophy and osteoporosis. Depending on the specific type and stage of the diseases, AR ligands including not only antagonists but also agonists and modulators are considered as potential therapeutics, which makes AR an extremely interesting drug target. Here, we at first review the current understandings on the structural characteristics of AR, and then address why and how AR is investigated as a drug target for the relevant diseases and summarize the representative antagonists and agonists targeting five prospective small molecule binding sites at AR, including ligand‐binding pocket, activation function‐2 site, binding function‐3 site, DNA‐binding domain, and N‐terminal domain, providing recent insights from a target and drug development view. Further comprehensive studies on AR and AR ligands would bring fruitful information and push the therapy of AR relevant diseases forward.
Is it time to redefine the role of low-dose radiotherapy for benign disease?
Authors: Angel Montero, Sebastia Sabater, Franz Rödel, Udo S Gaipl, Oliver J Ott, Michael Heinrich Seegenschmiedt, Meritxell Arenas
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

It is estimated that 24% of the general adult population is currently suffering from osteoarthritis (OA), affecting 10% of men and 18% of women over 60 years of age in high-income countries. A WHO report predicted that degenerative OA will become the fourth leading cause of disability by 2020.1 This may not only affect the individuals who suffer from the diseases, but will undeniably have an impact on national health systems in social and economic terms.

There is no specific or definitive treatment for the early and late stages of degenerative OA. Weight loss, maintaining moderate levels of exercise and physical rehabilitation approaches (local heat, magnetic therapy and shock waves, among others) are some of the conservative therapies applied. Analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, symptomatic slow-acting drugs for OA, corticosteroids, anaesthetics and other local injections have been proposed for the relief of the symptoms before a prosthetic replacement of the damaged joint would finally be carried out at the end of a long road. None of these options have demonstrated high efficacy, and even more importantly can provoke multiple side effects and acute and late morbidities (ie, gastrointestinal bleeding, kidney and cardiac disorders, and so on) which may become serious and even compromise the patient’s life.2 

The clinical effectiveness of low-dose radiation therapy (LD-RT) in the range of 0.3–0.7 Gy single dose and 3–10 Gy total dose for pain relief and subsequent improvement of joint functionality has been recognised for several decades. Further, the anti-inflammatory efficacy of LD-RT has been confirmed in several experimental models, both in vitro and in vivo.3–7 The first clinical evidence of its efficacy in non-cancerous osteoarticular disorders dates from the end of the 19th century, although there has traditionally been some resistance for its widespread use due to the fear of its …
Minimal Residual Disease Response at End of Induction and during Maintenance Correlates with Updated Outcome in the Phase III GALLIUM Study of Obinutuzumab- or Rituximab-Based Immunochemotherapy in Previously Untreated Follicular Lymphoma Patients
Authors: Christiane Pott, Eva Hoster, Britta Kehden, Michael Unterhalt, Michael Herold, Richard van der Jagt, Ann Janssens, Michael Kneba, Jiri Mayer, Christopher Pocock, Andrea Knapp, Nathalie Danesi, Tina Nielsen, Helen Brown, Kirsten Mundt, Robert Marcus, Wolfgang Hiddemann
Journal: Blood (2018)
Cell Volume-Activated and Volume-Correlated Anion Channels in Mammalian Cells: Their Biophysical, Molecular, and Pharmacological Properties
Authors: Yasunobu Okada, Toshiaki Okada, Kaori Sato-Numata, Md. Rafiqul Islam, Yuhko Ando-Akatsuka, Tomohiro Numata, Machiko Kubo, Takahiro Shimizu, Ranohon S. Kurbannazarova, Yoshinori Marunaka, Ravshan Z. Sabirov
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2018)

There are a number of mammalian anion channel types associated with cell volume changes. These channel types are classified into two groups: volume-activated anion channels (VAACs) and volume-correlated anion channels (VCACs). VAACs can be directly activated by cell swelling and include the volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying anion channel (VSOR), which is also called the volume-regulated anion channel; the maxi-anion channel (MAC or Maxi-Cl); and the voltage-gated anion channel, chloride channel (ClC)-2. VCACs can be facultatively implicated in, although not directly activated by, cell volume changes and include the cAMP-activated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channel, the Ca<sup>2+</sup>-activated Cl<sup>−</sup> channel (CaCC), and the acid-sensitive (or acid-stimulated) outwardly rectifying anion channel. This article describes the phenotypical properties and activation mechanisms of both groups of anion channels, including accumulating pieces of information on the basis of recent molecular understanding. To that end, this review also highlights the molecular identities of both anion channel groups; in addition to the molecular identities of ClC-2 and CFTR, those of CaCC, VSOR, and Maxi-Cl were recently identified by applying genome-wide approaches. In the last section of this review, the most up-to-date information on the pharmacological properties of both anion channel groups, especially their half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC<sub>50</sub> values) and voltage-dependent blocking, is summarized particularly from the standpoint of pharmacological distinctions among them. Future physiologic and pharmacological studies are definitely warranted for therapeutic targeting of dysfunction of VAACs and VCACs.
Abstract SY20-03: Novel radiotracers for clinical molecular imaging in oncology
Authors: Steven M. Larson
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract In cancer, molecular imaging (MI) can be thought of as imaging the key molecules and molecular based events that are fundamental to promoting and maintaining the malignant state. Although MI is multimodality, the focus of this discussion will be on the use of positron emitting radiotracers for Positron Emission Tomography (PET), an imaging methodogy that can bridge the divide between discovery in the laboratory and application in clinical medicine. Modern PET incorporates CT into the same gantry and as PET/CT has rapidly penetrated clinical oncology, providing improved tumor staging and the detection of recurrence.. F[18]-2-flouro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) and PET is being used to imaging more tha 1 million cancer patients per year in the US along. The biologic basis for the successful use of FDG-PET/CT is as follows. Many cancers exhibit a characteristic biochemical phenotype, which is altered in comparison to tissues from which the neoplasm originated. In particular, tumor tissues often exhibit the “Warburg Effect” which is an accelerated aerobic glyolysis. The reasons behind the Warburg effect are thought to relate to a need for carbon backbones for tumor growth, as well as to control.altered REDOX state within the cell. Other metabolic markers useful in functional imaging of cancer include radiolabeled nucleosides like [F-18]-Fluorothymidine (FLT) for proliferation, and radiolabeled amino acids, like [C-11] methionine for imaging amino acid transport. Molecular imaging in oncology is increasingly being applied for evaluation of treatment response,to radiation and chemotherapy, using FDG, FLT, and F-18 misonidazole (FMISO) a nitroimidazole which is taken up in hypoxic tissues. Molecular imaging is also applied clinically for drug discovery, and a large number of targeted agents have been radiolabeled and are being studied in man. At MSKCC our group has used PET imaging to study targeting at both a basic and clinical level with a variety of drugs and monoclonal antibodies, includine antibodyA33, which recognizes the epithelial marker A33, and antibody cG250 which recognizes carbonic anydrase IX, a marker of clear cell lung cancer and hypoxia. Finally, endocrine responsive maligancies form a fascinating group for which specific receptor directed agents, and natural substrates, may open a window on the biology of human disease including lesion by lesion heterogeneity. In this regard, [F-18]FDHT, an agent targeting androgen receptor, in prostate cancer and [I-124] NaI, for sodium iodide symporter in thyroid cancer, are giving new information about the behavior of human tumors studied in situ. Citation Format: Steven M. Larson. Novel radiotracers for clinical molecular imaging in oncology [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY20-03
Abstract 13768: Noninvasive Evaluation of the Impact of Left Ventricular Pressure Overload on Diastolic Function Using Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Masanori Kawasaki, Takashi Yoshizane, Shingo Minatoguchi, Itta Kawamura, Ryuhei Tanaka, Rumi Kishi, Maki Nagaya, Hidemaro Sato, Koji Ono, Toshiyuki Noda, Kijun Nagata, Hisato Takatsu, Shinya Minatoguchi
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Left ventricular (LV) pressure overload causes hypertrophy (LVH), which results in alterations in LV performance and may lead to heart failure (HF). The pathophysiology of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) involves a predominant abnormality in diastolic function. We sought to evaluate the impact of pressure overload on the time constant of LV pressure decline (Tau) and myocardial stiffness in patients with preserved EF using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). Results: We enrolled 420 subjects [58 controls (C) (age 67±11), 59 HTN without LVH (LVH -) (age 68±11), 70 HTN patients with LVH (LVH +) (age 70±11), 42 HFpEF patients (age 78±12), 154 hemodialysis (HD) patients with HTN (age 66±12) and 37 aortic stenosis (AS) patients (age 83±4)]. Pulmonary wedge pressure (PCWP) was estimeted (ePCWP) as 10.8 - 12.4 x log (left atrial active emptying function / minimum volume). Tau was estimated (eTau) as isovolumic relaxation time / (ln 0.9 x systolic BP - ln ePCWP) and validated by cat...
Cerebrospinal fluid cell-free tumour DNA as a liquid biopsy for primary brain tumours and central nervous system metastases
Authors: J. Seoane, L. De Mattos-Arruda, E. Le Rhun, A. Bardelli, M. Weller
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Challenges in obtaining tissue specimens from patients with brain tumours limit the diagnosis and molecular characterisation and impair the development of better therapeutic approaches. The analysis of cell-free tumour DNA in plasma (considered a liquid biopsy) has facilitated the characterisation of extra-cranial tumours. However, cell-free tumour DNA in plasma is limited in quantity and may not reliably capture the landscape of genomic alterations of brain tumours. Here, we review recent work assessing the relevance of cell-free tumour DNA from cerebrospinal fluid in the characterisation of brain cancer. We focus on the advances in the use of the cerebrospinal fluid as a source of cell-free tumour DNA to facilitate diagnosis, reveal actionable genomic alterations, monitor responses to therapy, and capture tumour heterogeneity in patients with primary brain tumours and brain and leptomeningeal metastases. Profiling cerebrospinal fluid cell-free tumour DNA provides the opportunity to precisely acquire and monitor genomic information in real time and guide precision therapies.
Should LR‐M and LR‐TIV Remain Separate Categories in LI‐RADS?
Authors: Myeong‐Jin Kim, Sunyoung Lee
Journal: Hepatology (2018)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. To the Editor: With inclusion in the 2018 Practice Guidance of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, the Liver Reporting & Data System (LI‐RADS) experienced a leap forward toward achieving its goal: to standardize the reporting and data collection of imaging for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).1 LI‐RADS is unique in contrast to other Reporting and Data Systems in its provision of two special categories, LR‐M and LR‐TIV: LR‐M for observation "probably or definitely malignant but not specific for HCC," and LR‐TIV for "unequivocal enhancing soft tissue in vein, regardless of visualization of parenchymal mass."2 In most cases, LR‐M turns out to be HCC with atypical features; a minority are diagnosed as other, non‐HCC malignancies or unusual benign lesions.3 Most, but not all, LR‐TIV cases are also attributed to HCC. The purpose of keeping LR‐M and LR‐TIV as separate categories is to maintain the high specificity of LR‐5 for the diagnosis of HCC.2 The category LR‐M implies two levels of confidence for malignancy: "high probability" and "definite" malignancy. In clinical practice, both radiologists and physicians usually feel an obligation to express more explicitly their confidence in their diagnosis of malignancy, that is, whether it is definitely or probably malignant. For this purpose, in our practice, we use modified LI‐RADS categories: LR‐5M and LR‐4M, instead of LR‐M. LR‐5M is used for definite malignancy with possibility of non‐HCC and LR‐4M for probable malignancy with possibility of non‐HCC. The category of LR‐TIV is also subjected to subcategorization in the radiological report to indicate the etiology: "LR‐TIV, may be due to non‐HCC malignancy," "LR‐TIV, definitely due to HCC," and "LR‐TIV, probably due to HCC." To express radiologists' opinion in a simpler way, we also use "V" as suffix to LR‐5/5M: LR‐5V for an HCC (LR‐5) with TIV, and LR‐5MV for a tumor having probability of non‐HCC malignancy with TIV. By using "M" and "V" as suffixes to LR‐4 and LR‐5, we may limit to LR‐5, not LR‐5M, eligibility or priority for liver transplantation, and calculate radiologists' performance in diagnosing HCC (by including LR‐5V). Furthermore, we may include LR‐5 and LR‐5M in the indication for other treatments, such as surgical resection, and for calculating performance in diagnosing malignancy by including LR‐5/5M/5V/5MV. In conclusion, we propose using "M" and "V" as suffixes after LR‐4 and LR‐5, instead of using LR‐M and LR‐TIV as separate categories. We believe this modification may convey a clearer message without losing any important information that we want to express in multidisciplinary communications.
Combined Hypomethylating Agents (HMA) and Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (HDACi) Exhibit Compelling Activity in Patients with Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma (PTCL) with High Complete Response Rates in Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma (AITL)
Authors: Lorenzo Falchi, Jennifer Kimberly Lue, Francesca Montanari, Enrica Marchi, Jennifer E Amengual, Ahmed Sawas, Changchun Deng, Karen Khan, Hyea Kim, Laine E. Atkins, Aishling M. Rada, Cremers Serge, Owen A. O'Connor
Journal: Blood (2018)
Abstract 18443: CD38 Deficiency Alleviated Angiotensin II-induced Vascular Remodeling Through Activating NAD-mediated Signaling Pathways
Authors: Lu Gan, Chan Chen, Yunfei Xiao, Wei Jiang, Jin Liu, Hongbo Xin
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: CD38 is a multifunctional enzyme that possesses both ADP-ribosyl cyclase and cADPR hydrolase activities, and plays an important role in maintaining intracellular NAD levels. It has be...
Cost Effectiveness of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance After a Sustained Virologic Response to Therapy in Patients With Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Advanced Fibrosis
Authors: Hooman Farhang Zangneh, William W.L. Wong, Beate Sander, Chaim M. Bell, Khalid Mumtaz, Matthew Kowgier, Adriaan J. van der Meer, Sean P. Cleary, Harry L.A. Janssen, Kelvin K.W. Chan, Jordan J. Feld
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2018)
Highly tumor-specific DNA nanostructures discovered by in vivo screening of a nucleic acid cage library and their applications in tumor-targeted drug delivery
Authors: Kyoung-Ran Kim, Seong Jae Kang, A-Young Lee, Dohyeon Hwang, Miri Park, Haedong Park, Sanghee Kim, Kahyun Hur, Hak Suk Chung, Chengde Mao, Dae-Ro Ahn
Journal: Biomaterials (2018)
The haematopoietic stem cell niche: a new player in cardiovascular disease?
Authors: Annas Al-Sharea, Man Kit Sam Lee, Louise E Purton, Edwin D Hawkins, Andrew J Murphy
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2018)

Haematopoiesis, the process of blood production, can be altered during the initiation or progression of many diseases. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been shown to be heavily influenced by changes to the haematopoietic system, including the types and abundance of immune cells produced. It is now well established that innate immune cells are increased in people with CVD, and the mechanisms contributing to this can be vastly different depending on the risk factors or comorbidities present. Many of these changes begin at the level of the haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) that reside in the bone marrow (BM). In general, the HSPCs and downstream myeloid progenitors are expanded via increased proliferation in the setting of atherosclerotic CVD. However, HSPCs can also be encouraged to leave the BM and colonise extramedullary sites (i.e. the spleen). Within the BM, HSPCs reside in specialized microenvironments, often referred to as a niche. To date in depth studies assessing the damage or dysregulation that occurs in the BM niche in varying CVDs are scarce. In this review, we provide a general overview of the complex components and interactions within the BM niche and how they influence the function of HSPCs. Additionally, we discuss the main findings regarding changes in the HSPC niche that influence the progression of CVD. We hypothesize that understanding the influence of the BM niche in CVD will aid in delineating new pathways for therapeutic interventions.
Abstract 14728: Initial Severity of Acute Pulmonary Embolism Predicts Long-term Mortality: Findings From the Long-term Outcomes Study of Pulmonary Embolism (LOST-PE)
Authors: Zaid Ammari, Osama Dasa, Mohammed Ruzieh, Christopher J Cooper, Rajesh Gupta
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Long-term outcomes in subjects with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) are not well described. Recent guidelines for management of acute pulmonary embolism emphasize risk stratification on...