tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for a degenerative meniscus tear: a 5 year follow-up of the placebo-surgery controlled FIDELITY (Finnish Degenerative Meniscus Lesion Study) trial
Authors: Raine Sihvonen, Mika Paavola, Antti Malmivaara, Ari Itälä, Antti Joukainen, Juha Kalske, Heikki Nurmi, Jaanika Kumm, Niko Sillanpää, Tommi Kiekara, Aleksandra Turkiewicz, Pirjo Toivonen, Martin Englund, Simo Taimela, Teppo L N Järvinen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

To assess the long-term effects of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) on the development of radiographic knee osteoarthritis, and on knee symptoms and function, at 5 years follow-up.Multicentre, randomised, participant- and outcome assessor-blinded, placebo-surgery controlled trial.Orthopaedic departments in five public hospitals in Finland.146 adults, mean age 52 years (range 35-65 years), with knee symptoms consistent with degenerative medial meniscus tear verified by MRI scan and arthroscopically, and no clinical signs of knee osteoarthritis were randomised.APM or placebo surgery (diagnostic knee arthroscopy).We used two indices of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (increase in Kellgren and Lawrence grade ≥1, and increase in Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) atlas radiographic joint space narrowing and osteophyte sum score, respectively), and three validated patient-relevant measures of knee symptoms and function (Western Ontario Meniscal Evaluation Tool (WOMET), Lysholm, and knee pain after exercise using a numerical rating scale).There was a consistent, slightly greater risk for progression of radiographic knee osteoarthritis in the APM group as compared with the placebo surgery group (adjusted absolute risk difference in increase in Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥1 of 13%, 95% CI -2% to 28%; adjusted absolute mean difference in OARSI sum score 0.7, 95% CI 0.1 to 1.3). There were no relevant between-group differences in the three patient-reported outcomes: adjusted absolute mean differences (APM vs placebo surgery), -1.7 (95% CI -7.7 to 4.3) in WOMET, -2.1 (95% CI -6.8 to 2.6) in Lysholm knee score, and -0.04 (95% CI -0.81 to 0.72) in knee pain after exercise, respectively. The corresponding adjusted absolute risk difference in the presence of mechanical symptoms was 18% (95% CI 5% to 31%); there were more symptoms reported in the APM group. All other secondary outcomes comparisons were similar.APM was associated with a slightly increased risk of developing radiographic knee osteoarthritis and no concomitant benefit in patient-relevant outcomes, at 5 years after surgery.ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01052233 and NCT00549172).
Contemporary practices for mechanical oral hygiene to prevent periodontal disease
Authors: Sonja Sälzer, Christian Graetz, Christof E. Dörfer, Dagmar E. Slot, Fridus A. Van der Weijden
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2020)

Abstract It is well established that dental plaque on teeth leads to gingivitis and periodontitis, and that several mechanical and chemical methods of plaque control can prevent gingivitis. The aim of the current review is to summarize and synthesize the available scientific evidence supporting practices for mechanical oral hygiene to prevent periodontal diseases. Evidence for contemporary practices of mechanical oral hygiene to prevent periodontal disease relies on studies of gingivitis patients. General recommendations concerning the ideal oral hygiene devices and procedures are still inconclusive. However, toothbrushing and interdental cleaning remain the mainstays of prevention of periodontal diseases. The primary approach requires individually tailored instruction for implementation of a systematic oral hygiene regimen.
Safety and efficacy of the addition of bevacizumab (BV) to temozolomide (TMZ) and radiation therapy (RT) followed by BV, TMZ, and irinotecan (CPT-11) for newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)
Authors: J. J. Vredenburgh, A. Desjardins, D. A. Reardon, K. Peters, J. E. Herndon, J. Kirkpatrick, S. Gururangan, L. Bailey, A. H. Friedman, H. S. Friedman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

2015 Background: Standard GBM treatment includes TMZ and RT, and results in a median progression-free survival and median survival of 6.9 and 15.8 months, respectively. GBM have high concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), higher levels are associated with poorer prognosis. BV is a humanized antibody to VEGF with activity in recurrent GBMs. This study aims to improve the survival of newly diagnosed GBM patients by incorporating an anti-angiogenic agent with RT and TMZ, and adding a topoisomerase I inhibitor, and an anti-angiogenic agent to TMZ post-RT therapy. Methods: Patients received standard RT and TMZ at 75 mg/m 2 /day, with BV at 10 mg/kg every 14 days beginning a minimum of 28 days post-operatively. Following the completion of RT, patients received 6 cycles of BV, TMZ and CPT-11. Each cycle was 28 days. BV was given at a dose of 10 mg/kg on days 1 and 15, TMZ at 200 mg/m 2 on days 1–5 and CPT-11 on days 1 and 15 at 125 mg/m 2 for patients not on an enzyme inducing anti-epileptic drug (EIAED) and 340 mg/m 2 for patients on an EIAED. The study was designed to differentiate between a 16-month survival rate of 45% and 60% with type I and II error rates of 0.05. Results: 75 patients were enrolled between 8/07 and 9/08. All the patients have completed RT; 40 patients continue to receive BV, TMZ, and CPT-11. Twenty-two patients have completed 6 cycles of BV, TMZ, and CPT-11; 17 of them had a cold PET One patient developed a CNS hemorrhage (grade 2) necessitating stopping BV. Five patients developed thrombocytopenia for which TMZ was held (grade 3, n = 1; grade 4, n = 4). There were no other ≥ grade 3 toxicities, including no wound dehiscence during RT. Twelve patients had tumor progression, and 14 stopped because of toxicity, including: 6 with fatigue; 3 with PEs; 2 with grade 4 thrombocytopenia; the patient with CNS hemorrhage, and one each with a rectal abscess and sepsis. There have been 7 deaths: 5 from tumor progression; one each from sepsis and PEs. At a median follow-up of 9 months, 81% remain alive and progression-free. Conclusions: Adding BV to TMZ and RT followed by BV, TMZ with CPT-11 is tolerable and efficacious. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
AB0032 Bone destruction in rheumatoid synovia
Authors: K Taniguchi, Y Kuga, K Ito, S Uchida, T Uchida, H Oda
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is characterised by severe and irreversible bone destruction in affected joints on its last stage. On the other hand, bone absorption by osteoclasts may be a natural physiological phenomenon as bone remodelling in mature manhood. Throughout our life, bone is constantly renewed with the process of old bone removing and new bone supplement. Osteoclasts are derived from the hematopoietic granulocyte/macrophage colony forming units, which also become to monocytes and macrophages, and their progenitors move from bone marrow to bone surface through the circulation or direct migration, and differentiate to functional mature osteoclasts with stimulation of some cytokines and/or direct contact. In RA, or another bone destructive disease, activated osteoclasts certainly have a critical role in bone destruction. But, is that all? How bone is broke down in RA? We have speculation that some cells derived from rheumatoid synovia were activated by inflammatory cytokines abundant in the joint of RA and take a significant role in the destruction of the bone. <h3>Objectives</h3> To elucidate what mechanism is there, we have observed the pannus-bone junctions in detail. <h3>Methods</h3> The specimens of the destructive bone derived from the RA patients under arthroplasty with their consent. Tissue sections from the pannus-bone junctions at sites of bone erosion were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, and electron microscopy. Synovial tissues were also examined immunohistochemically. <h3>Results</h3> The specimens of the destructive bone derived from the RA patients showed that there were many not-classical osteoclasts in the area of bone erosions. Cells in the erosive front of RA are divided in four groups, the authentic osteoclasts, mononuclear osteoclasts, fibroblast-like cells and monocytes. The electron microscopy observations revealed that the fibroblast-like cells certainly have some contact with bone matrix. TRAP-positive cells and vitronectin receptor -positive cells were seen in frozen sections of synovial membrane from the patient with RA. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our result showed that not only authentic osteoclasts, but the mononuclear cells and fibroblast-like cells were activated and have some role in bone destruction of RA. <h3>References</h3> Arthritis Rheum. 1984;27:968–75 Ann Rhuem Dis. 1993;52:133–7
National Trends in the Association of Race and Ethnicity With Predialysis Nephrology Care in the United States From 2005 to 2015
Authors: Tanjala S. Purnell, Sunjae Bae, Xun Luo, Morgan Johnson, Deidra C. Crews, Lisa A. Cooper, Macey L. Henderson, Raquel C. Greer, Sylvia E. Rosas, L. Ebony Boulware, Dorry L. Segev
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Predialysis nephrology care is associated with better survival among patients with end-stage kidney disease. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine national trends in racial/ethnic disparities in receipt of predialysis nephrology care at least 1 year before dialysis initiation in the United States from 2005 to 2015. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This national registry study assessed US registry data of 1 000 390 adults in the US Renal Data System who initiated maintenance dialysis treatment from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2015, in multiple cross-sectional analyses. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine national trends in racial/ethnic disparities in receipt of predialysis nephrology care with adjustments for potential confounders. Data were analyzed April 17, 2020. <h3>Exposure</h3> Race/ethnicity of the patients. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Receipt of at least 12 months of predialysis nephrology care as determined by clinician-based documentation on the End Stage Renal Disease Medical Evidence Report Form CMS 2728. <h3>Results</h3> Among 1 000 390 adults (57.2% male; 54.6% White, 27.8% Black, 14.0% Hispanic, and 3.6% Asian; mean [SD] age, 62.4 [15.6] years) who initiated maintenance dialysis in the United States from 2005 to 2015, 310 743 (31.1%) received at least 12 months of predialysis nephrology care. In 2005 to 2007, compared with White adults, the adjusted odds ratio for receipt of at least 12 months of predialysis nephrology care was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.80-0.84) among Black adults, 0.67 (95% CI, 0.65-0.69) among Hispanic adults, and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.80-0.89) among Asian adults; in 2014 to 2015, the adjusted odds ratio was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.74-0.78) among Black adults, 0.61 (95% CI, 0.60-0.63) among Hispanic adults, and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.86-0.95) among Asian adults. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this cross-sectional study of more than 1 million US adults with end-stage kidney disease, racial and ethnic disparities in predialysis nephrology care did not substantially improve from 2005 to 2015. Study findings suggest that national strategies to address racial/ethnic disparities in predialysis nephrology care are needed.
A phase II trial of voreloxin in women with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer
Authors: H. W. Hirte, W. McGuire, R. Edwards, A. Husain, P. Hoskins, J. Michels, U. Matulonis, C. Sexton, G. Michelson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

5559 Background: Voreloxin is a naphthyridine analog that intercalates DNA and inhibits topoisomerase II, inducing apoptosis. Clinical activity has been observed in ovarian cancer and AML. Results are reported from a fully enrolled phase II study of 3 dose levels of single agent voreloxin in patients (pts) with 1° or 2° platinum-resistant or refractory ovarian cancer. Methods: Pts may have received ≤ 3 prior platinum regimens plus one additional non-platinum regimen. PS of 0–1 was required. Voreloxin regimens: Cohort A 48 mg/m 2 q3weeks (wk) (N = 65), Cohort B 60 mg/m 2 q4wk (N = 35), and Cohort C 75 mg/m 2 q4wk (N = 35) by short IV infusion. BRCA status is reported by pt consent. Results: Cohort A: 2CRs, 5PRs; ORR 11%; median PFS 82 days (52–98 days 95%CI); Cohort B: 1CR, 3PRs; ORR 11%, median PFS too early to evaluate (TETE); Cohort C - TETE. Cohort A: Febrile neutropenia (FN) incidence was low (8%). Other common G3 or G4 AEs reported (≥ 5%) were fatigue (14%) and nausea (5%). Dose delays or reductions (40%) occurred typically at Cycle 1, largely due to neutropenia. Cohort B: Dose was increased to 60 mg/m 2 and dosing interval was lengthened to 4 wk, maintaining dose intensity (DI) and allowing adequate time for marrow recovery. ANC dosing criterion was changed from ANC ≥ 1,500 to ≥ 1,000. There was a marked decrease in dose delays and reductions (14%) with only 3% incidence of FN. Common G3 or 4 AEs reported (≥ 5%) were fatigue (11%) and nausea (5%). The safety profile supported further dose escalation to 75 mg/m 2 q4wk (Cohort C- DI increased by 25%). Data are TETE. Conclusions: Preliminary data suggest Cohorts A and B have similar safety and efficacy profiles as anticipated based on comparable DI. Fewer dose reductions and delays occurred in Cohort B, due to revised dosing criteria and increased cycle length to 4 wk. Accrual to Cohort C is complete. Efficacy and safety data for all cohorts will be reported. [Table: see text]
CXCR4/SDF-1 axis mediates multidrug resistance of breast cancer
Authors: Zhongxing Liang, Hui Wu, Sijia Wang, Younghyoun Yoon, Aizhi Zhu, Andrew Brown, Hyunsuk Shim
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

725  Multidrug resistance (MDR) and metastasis are two important properties of cancer progression. MDR phenotype in highly migratory tumor cells often becomes enhanced at metastasis sites. Once cancer cells have spread and formed secondary masses, they are largely incurable due to their enhanced MDR. MDR has been frequently associated with elevated expression of one or more ATP binding cassette transporters such as MDR-1, MRP-1, and BCRP. However, the regulation of these transporters remains controversial. CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) has been shown to be involved in the metastasis of breast cancer and plays an important role in cancer progression. Because metastatic breast cancer remains a generally incurable and fatal disease due to the development of MDR, preventing MDR is a critical problem that needs to be addressed. In this study, we investigated whether CXCR4 is involved in the MDR of breast cancer. We measured expression levels of CXCR4 and MDR-related genes in MDR cells and compared to those in drug sensitive cells. The effect of CXCR4 on expression of MDR-related genes was evaluated. In addition, we assessed whether silencing of CXCR4 with siRNA or blocking CXCR4 interaction with stromal derived factor 1 (SDF-1) using a CXCR4 antagonist downregulates expression of MDR-related genes and increase drug sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Our study demonstrates that CXCR4/SDF-1 axis may mediate multidrug resistance of breast cancer. The results of this study greatly enhance current understanding of chemoresistance mechanisms as it relates to management of metastatic breast cancer in the clinic. Our findings suggest that CXCR4 antagonists may themselves be potential drugs to prevent and reverse MDR.
Adapting to the unexpected
Authors: Anna Harvey
Journal: BMJ (2020)

When I sat down to consider the topic for this issue, it was January 2020 and the number of people affected by the strange pneumonia-like illness being reported in Wuhan could still be written with two figures, rather than the current eight. I wanted to choose a topic that would be relevant to those with an interest in primary or secondary care, something with thought provoking ethical and legal issues, something that would be important across different life stages. I also wanted the topic to be enticing enough for people to want to pick up the issue and read—and so the sex issue of BMJ Student was launched. Our themed articles cover sexual and reproductive health from several points of view, …
Histopathological findings in fatal COVID-19 severe acute respiratory syndrome: preliminary experience from a series of 10 Spanish patients
Authors: Borja Recalde-Zamacona, Laura García-Tobar, Alan Argueta, Laura Álvarez, Carlos Eduardo De Andrea, Mirian Fernández Alonso, Ana Ezponda, Francisco Carmona Torre, Carlota Jordán Iborra, Jorge Augusto Quiroga, Jose Luis Del Pozo, Javier J Zulueta, Gema Echarri, Manuel F Landecho, Maria Dolores Lozano
Journal: Thorax (2020)

In December 2019, an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome associated to SARS-CoV2 was reported in Wuhan, China. To date, little is known on histopathological findings in patients infected with the new SARS-CoV2. Lung histopathology shows features of acute and organising diffuse alveolar damage. Subtle cellular inflammatory infiltrate has been found in line with the cytokine storm theory. Medium-size vessel thrombi were frequent, but capillary thrombi were not present. Despite the elevation of biochemical markers of cardiac injury, little histopathological damage could be confirmed. Viral RNA from paraffin sections was detected at least in one organ in 90% patients.
Dermatologic infections complicating epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor (EGFRI) therapy in lung cancer patients
Authors: R. Eilers, M. Gandhi, J. Patel, M. Agulnik, T. Hensing, M. Lacouture
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

8070 Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs) have shown benefit in solid tumors including non-small cell lung cancers. Despite these benefits, dermatologic toxicities are reported to affect 75–87% of those treated. These toxicities impact quality of life, and may also have implications for dose modification and tumor response. This study investigates the prevalence of infections complicating dermatologic toxicities to EGFRIs in lung cancer patients. Methods: Retrospective chart review methods were employed to analyze 90 lung cancer patients treated in the Skin and Eye Reactions to Inhibitors of EGFR and Kinases (SERIES) clinic. Cultures, biopsies, and viral stains were analyzed for pathogens and sensitivities. Selection criteria included patients treated with cetuximab or erlotinib at the time of referral. Selection was limited to initial patients and their follow-up visits in the time frame of August 2007 to June 2008. The study was approved by the institutional review board. Results: Thirty (33.3%) of 90 lung cancer patients had evidence of infection at sites of dermatologic toxicity. Twenty three (25.5%) patients were positive for bacterial infection. Six of these 23 patients had concomitant fungal or viral infection. Twenty (22.2%) patients cultured positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Of the patients with Staphylococcus aureus infections, 2 (2.2%) had tetracycline-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 2 (2.2%) had Methicillin-resistant Staphylocccus aureus (MRSA), and 1 (1.1%) had tetracycline-resistant MRSA. Fifteen of the 23 bacterial infections were localized to the seborrheic region. Three (3.3%) patients had viral infections alone and 4 (4.4%) had fungal infections alone. All of the infected patients were followed to clinical resolution. Conclusions: The data suggests that lung cancer patients treated with EGFRIs have a high prevalence of cutaneous infections. Most notably, bacterial infections developed at anatomical sites previously affected by dermatologic toxicities. Proper recognition and management of these infections by clinicians is critical for maintaining antineoplastic dose therapy, dose intensity, quality of life, and dermatologic health in lung cancer patients treated with EGFRIs. [Table: see text]
Factors limiting the utility of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of COVID-19
Authors: Deepak Aggarwal, Varinder Saini
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>Bronchoalveolar lavage has a specific place in the diagnosis of COVID-19. The clinical performance of BAL rRt-PCR is dynamic in nature and depends on different clinical and demographic factors.</b>https://bit.ly/3aZUAPB
Effects of CAPTEM (Capecitabine and Temozolomide) on a Corticotroph Carcinoma and an Aggressive Corticotroph Tumor
Authors: Tae Nakano-Tateno, Motoyasu Satou, Naoko Inoshita, Frank K. H. van Landeghem, Jay Easaw, Vivek Mehta, Toru Tateno, Constance L. Chik
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2020)
Author Correction: ORF8 and ORF3b antibodies are accurate serological markers of early and late SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Asmaa Hachim, Niloufar Kavian, Carolyn A. Cohen, Alex W. H. Chin, Daniel K. W. Chu, Chris K. P. Mok, Owen T. Y. Tsang, Yiu Cheong Yeung, Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera, Leo L. M. Poon, J. S. Malik Peiris, Sophie A. Valkenburg
Journal: Nature Immunology (2020)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Abstract 11608: The Effects of a Lifestyle-focused Text-message Program on Dietary Patterns in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: An Analysis of the TEXT ME Study
Authors: Karla Santo, Karice Hyun, Laura de Keizer, Aravinda Thiagalingam, Clara Chow, Julie Redfern
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: A healthy diet is an important lifestyle factor in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). TEXT ME was a randomised clinical trial of patients with CHD that were randomi...
COVID-19 patients display distinct SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell responses according to disease severity
Authors: Marie Kroemer, Laurie Spehner, Lucie Vettoretti, Adeline Bouard, Guillaume Eberst, Sebastien Pili Floury, Gilles Capellier, Quentin Lepiller, Emeline Orillard, Laura Mansi, Anne-Laure Clairet, Virginie Westeel, Samuel Limat, Maxime Dubois, Léa Malinowski, Louis Bohard, Christophe Borg, Catherine Chirouze, Kevin Bouiller
Journal: Journal of Infection (2020)

Adaptive Immune responses generated by SARS-CoV-2 virus in convalescent patients according to disease severity remain poorly characterized. To this end, we designed a prospective study (NCT04365322) that included 60 COVID-19 convalescent patients (1-month post infection) in two cohorts respectively entitled mild illness and severe pneumonia. The monitoring of peripheral immune responses was performed using IFNᵧ ELISpot assay. The serology index of each patient was investigated at the same time. Patients with severe pneumonia were older and had more comorbidities than patients with mild illness. T-cell responses in term of frequency and intensity were clearly distinct between mild illness and severe pneumonia patients. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that recent history of COVID-19 did not hamper viral memory T-cell pool against common viruses (Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr-virus and Flu-virus). The presence of potent adaptive immunity even in patients who underwent severe pneumonia sustain the rationale for the development of protective therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.