tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health status, heat preparation strategies and medical events among elite cyclists who competed in the heat at the 2016 UCI Road World Cycling Championships in Qatar
Authors: Sebastien Racinais, David Nichols, Gavin Travers, Sebastien Moussay, Taoufik Belfekih, Abdulaziz Farooq, Yorck Olaf Schumacher, Julien D Périard
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

Purpose Assess the health status and heat preparation strategies of athletes competing in a World Cycling Championships held in hot ambient conditions (37°C, 25% relative humidity, wet-bulb-globe-temperature 27°C) and monitor the medical events arising during competition. Methods 69 cyclists (~9% of the world championships participants) completed a pre-competition questionnaire. Illnesses and injuries encountered by the Athlete Medical Centre (AMC) were extracted from the race reports. Results 22% of respondents reported illness symptoms in the 10 days preceding the Championships. 57% of respondents had previously experienced heat-related symptoms (cramping most commonly) while 17% had previously been diagnosed with exertional heat illness. 61% of the respondents had undergone some form of heat exposure prior to the Championships, with 38% acclimating for 5 to 30 days. In addition, several respondents declared to live in warm countries and all arrived in Qatar ~5 days prior to their event. 96% of the respondents used a pre-cooling strategy for the time trials and 74% did so before the road race (p&lt;0.001), with ice vests being the most common. The AMC assessed 46 injuries and 26 illnesses in total, with three cyclists diagnosed with heat exhaustion. Conclusions The prevalence of previous heat illness in elite cyclists calls for team and event organisation doctors to be trained on heat illness management, including early diagnosis and rapid on-site cooling. Some cyclists had been exposed to the heat prior to the Championships, but few had a dedicated plan, calling for additional education on the importance of heat acclimation. Pre-cooling was widely adopted.
Hepatitis B reactivation: reducing the risk in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Grace Elizabeth Dolman, Patrick T F Kennedy
Journal: Gut (2020)

We would like to congratulate Lamb et al for the production of such a comprehensive guideline for the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).1 Further clarification is warranted regarding screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) prior to immunosuppression and subsequent management to reduce the risk of virus reactivation.

The guidelines recommend screening for HBV at diagnosis and before immunomodulatory/biologic therapies. We strongly recommend that screening includes hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) as outlined in the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation Opportunistic Infections Consensus.2 Lamb et al advise seeking specialist input prior to commencing immune-modifying therapy for those patients with active HBV (i.e. HBsAg positive). In line with national and international guidelines, …
Correction to: LILRB4 ITIMs mediate the T cell suppression and infiltration of acute myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Zunling Li, Mi Deng, Fangfang Huang, Changzhu Jin, Shuang Sun, Heyu Chen, Xiaoye Liu, Licai He, Ali H. Sadek, Cheng Cheng Zhang
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2020)
ICG‐Conjugated and <sup>125</sup>I‐Labeled Polymeric Micelles with High Biosafety for Multimodality Imaging‐Guided Photothermal Therapy of Tumors
Authors: Lijun Yang, Congrou Zhang, Jinjian Liu, Fan Huang, Yumin Zhang, Xing‐Jie Liang, Jianfeng Liu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Noninvasive multimodality imaging-guided precision photothermal therapy (PTT) is proven to be an effective strategy for tumor theranostics by integrating diagnostics and therapeutics in one nanoplatform. In this study, indocyanine green (ICG)-conjugated and radionuclide iodine-125 (
Does trainee participation impact critical outcomes in ERCP?
Authors: Sachin Wani
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the primary therapeutic modality for complex pancreaticobiliary disorders. Overall, there has been an increase in the number of therapeutic ERCPs performed and a decline in diagnostic ERCPs, at least in Western populations. This shift has resulted in increased complexity of ERCP, raising the requisite expertise and the risks for adverse events (pancreatitis, perforation, hemorrhage, infection, and failed procedures).
Extracellular vesicles: the next generation of biomarkers for liquid biopsy-based prostate cancer diagnosis
Authors: Bairen Pang, Ying Zhu, Jie Ni, James Thompson, David Malouf, Joseph Bucci, Peter Graham, Yong Li
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer death for males in western countries.The current gold standard for PCa diagnosis -template needle biopsies -often does not convey a true representation of the molecular profile given sampling error and complex tumour heterogeneity.Presently available biomarker blood tests have limited accuracy.There is a growing demand for novel diagnostic approaches to reduce both the number of men with an abnormal PSA/ DRE who undergo invasive biopsy and the number of cores collected per biopsy.'Liquid biopsy' is a minimally invasive biofluid-based approach that has the potential to provide information and improve the accuracy of diagnosis for patients' treatment selection, prognostic counselling and development of risk-adjusted follow-up protocols.Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-delimited particles released by tumour cells which may provide a real-time snapshot of the entire tumour in a non-invasive way.EVs can regulate physiological processes and mediate systemic dissemination of various types of cancers.Emerging evidence suggests that EVs have crucial roles in PCa development and metastasis.Most importantly, EVs are directly derived from their parent cells with their information.EVs contain components including proteins, mRNAs, DNA fragments, non-coding RNAs and lipids, and play a critical role in intercellular communication.Therefore, EVs hold promise for the discovery of liquid biopsy-based biomarkers for PCa diagnosis.Here, we review the current approaches for EV isolation and analysis, summarise the recent advances in EV protein biomarkers in PCa and focus on liquid biopsy-based EV biomarkers in PCa diagnosis for personalised medicine.
Looking under the bonnet of bronchopulmonary dysplasia with MRI
Authors: Andrew Prayle, Tim Rosenow
Journal: Thorax (2020)

Worldwide, 1 in 10 babies are born preterm. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD, also termed chronic lung disease of prematurity) is the major respiratory complication of preterm birth. The classic Northway description of BPD of airway injury with subsequent inflammation and fibrosis has given way to ‘new BPD’, with less fibrosis, and fewer, larger alveoli. Advances in care (including antenatal steroids and postnatal surfactant administration) are postulated to have led to this change. However, BPD incidence has remained static at 35%–45% of extremely preterm births,1 and remains a significant burden of care, requiring ambulatory and home oxygen, with increased healthcare visits and respiratory hospitalisations of affected infants. The sequelae of BPD persist into adulthood, where up to 25% of adult survivors of prematurity have ongoing respiratory symptoms.2 Treatment of BPD is primarily provision of ambulatory oxygen, awaiting lung growth to reduce the tachypnoea and hypoxia.

The widely used 2001 National Institutes of …
Association of Medicaid Expansion With Enrollee Employment and Student Status in Michigan
Authors: Renuka Tipirneni, John Z. Ayanian, Minal R. Patel, Edith C. Kieffer, Matthias A. Kirch, Corey Bryant, Jeffrey T. Kullgren, Sarah J. Clark, Sunghee Lee, Erica Solway, Tammy Chang, Adrianne N. Haggins, Jamie Luster, Erin Beathard, Susan D. Goold
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Medicaid community engagement requirements (work, school, job searching, or community service) are being implemented by several states for the first time, but the association of Medicaid coverage with enrollees’ employment and school attendance is unclear. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess longitudinal changes in enrollees’ employment or student status after Michigan’s Medicaid expansion. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This survey study included 4090 nonelderly, adult Healthy Michigan Plan enrollees from March 1, 2017, to January 31, 2018. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Self-reported employment or student status. Proportionate sampling was stratified by income and geographic region. Mixed-effects regression models with time indicators were used to assess longitudinal changes in the proportion of enrollees who were employed or students. <h3>Results</h3> The response rate for the initial survey was 53.7% and for the follow-up survey was 83.4%. Of the 3104 respondents to the 2017 follow-up survey (mean [SD] age in 2017, 42.2 [13.0] years; 1867 [53.0%] female), 54.3% were employed or students in 2016, and this number increased to 60.0% in 2017 (percentage point change, 5.7;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Non-Hispanic black enrollees had significantly larger gains in employment or student status compared with non-Hispanic white enrollees (percentage point change, 10.7 vs 3.5;<i>P</i> = .02). Changes in employment or student status were not associated with improved health status. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Employment or student status increased from 2016 to 2017 among Michigan Medicaid expansion enrollees. These findings provide information about whether Medicaid coverage or community engagement requirements are best to promote the desired outcomes of employment and student status.
TGF-β:TGF-β抑制因子SKIの変異は大動脈瘤を伴うシュプリンツェン・ゴールドバーグ症候群を引き起こす | 文献情報 | J-GLOBAL 科学技術総合リンクセンター
Authors: Doyle Alexander J, Doyle Jefferson J, Bessling Seneca L, Lindsay Mark E, Huso Nicholas D, Mohr David W, Scott Alan F, Mccallion Andrew S, Dietz Harry C, Leahy Dan, Caulfield Mark J, Maragh Samantha, Schepers Dorien, Gillis Elisabeth, Mortier Geert, Van Laer Lut, Loeys Bart L, Homfray Tessa, Sauls Kimberly, Norris Russell A, Destree Anne, Hennekam Raoul C, Arn Pamela H, Curry Cynthia J
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Clarifying the Language of Clinician Distress
Authors: Wendy Dean, Simon G. Talbot, Arthur Caplan
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Need to Incorporate Additional Patient Information Into Risk Adjustment for Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Kenton J. Johnston, Julie P. W. Bynum, Karen E. Joynt Maddox
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Brian Frost-Smith: physician, author, and horologist
Authors: Rebecca Wallersteiner
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Brian Frost-Smith was born in Liverpool, in the year of the general strike, to Jane and Percy, both teachers at Appleby Grammar School. At the age of 11 he developed scarlet fever, before penicillin was available to cure it, and spent nine weeks isolated in a London hospital. He always remembered the excellent care he received from the staff who looked after him.

Frost-Smith studied at the Welsh National School of Medicine in Cardiff, where he met Marjorie Ion, a fellow medical student. They both qualified and were married in 1950. They remained together until her death in November 2016. After their honeymoon, they were both appointed to junior house jobs in Walton Hospital, Liverpool. Soon afterwards, Marjorie discovered that she was expecting their first child. Frost-Smith joined the Royal Air Force to serve two years as a national service medical officer and received a home posting to Cheshire to enable him to remain near Marjorie.

His daughter, Rachel Buchanan (also a doctor), said, “After finishing his national service, my father worked as a GP assistant in Coningsby, Lincolnshire, and then as a partner in Huyton, Liverpool. However, he had always wanted to work in a rural practice, so …
Segment 4 occlusion in portal vein embolization increase future liver remnant hypertrophy – A Scandinavian cohort study
Authors: Bergthor Björnsson, Kristina Hasselgren, Bård Røsok, Peter Noergaard Larsen, Jozef Urdzik, Nicolai A Schultz, Ulrik Carling, Eva Fallentin, Stefan Gilg, Per Sandström, Gert Lindell, Ernesto Sparrelid
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2020)
The Histone Methyltransferase G9a Promotes Cholangiocarcinogenesis Through Regulation of the Hippo Pathway Kinase LATS2 and YAP Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wenbo Ma, Chang Han, Jinqiang Zhang, Kyoungsub Song, Weina Chen, Hyunjoo Kwon, Tong Wu
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

Background and Aims Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly malignant epithelial tumor of the biliary tree with poor prognosis. In the current study, we present evidence that the histone‐lysine methyltransferase G9a is up‐regulated in human CCA and that G9a enhances CCA cell growth and invasiveness through regulation of the Hippo pathway kinase large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2) and yes‐associated protein (YAP) signaling pathway. Approach and Results Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis revealed that high G9a expression is associated with poor prognosis of CCA patients. In experimental systems, depletion of G9a by small interfering RNA/short hairpin RNA or inhibition of G9a by specific pharmacological inhibitors (UNC0642 and UNC0631) significantly inhibited human CCA cell growth in vitro and in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Increased G9a expression was also observed in mouse CCA induced by hydrodynamic tail vein injection of notch intracellular domain (NICD) and myr‐Akt. Administration of the G9a inhibitor UNC0642 to NICD/Akt‐injected mice reduced the growth of CCA, in vivo . These findings suggest that G9a inhibition may represent an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CCA. Mechanistically, our data show that G9a‐derived dimethylated H3K9 (H3K9me2) silenced the expression of the Hippo pathway kinase LATS2, and this effect led to subsequent activation of oncogenic YAP. Consequently, G9a depletion or inhibition reduced the level of H3K9me2 and restored the expression of LATS2 leading to YAP inhibition. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence for an important role of G9a in cholangiocarcinogenesis through regulation of LATS2‐YAP signaling and suggest that this pathway may represent a potential therapeutic target for CCA treatment.
Lipoprotein receptor signalling in atherosclerosis
Authors: Chieko Mineo
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2019)

The founding member of the lipoprotein receptor family, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) plays a major role in the atherogenesis through the receptor-mediated endocytosis of LDL particles and regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. Since the discovery of the LDLR, many other structurally and functionally related receptors have been identified, which include low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP)1, LRP5, LRP6, very low-density lipoprotein receptor, and apolipoprotein E receptor 2. The scavenger receptor family members, on the other hand, constitute a family of pattern recognition proteins that are structurally diverse and recognize a wide array of ligands, including oxidized LDL. Among these are cluster of differentiation 36, scavenger receptor class B type I and lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1. In addition to the initially assigned role as a mediator of the uptake of macromolecules into the cell, a large number of studies in cultured cells and in in vivo animal models have revealed that these lipoprotein receptors participate in signal transduction to modulate cellular functions. This review highlights the signalling pathways by which these receptors influence the process of atherosclerosis development, focusing on their roles in the vascular cells, such as macrophages, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and platelets. Human genetics of the receptors is also discussed to further provide the relevance to cardiovascular disease risks in humans. Further knowledge of the vascular biology of the lipoprotein receptors and their ligands will potentially enhance our ability to harness the mechanism to develop novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against cardiovascular diseases.
The Neglected Hospital — The District Hospital’s Central Role in Global Health Care Delivery
Authors: Ruma Rajbhandari, Devon E. McMahon, Joseph J. Rhatigan, Paul E. Farmer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Interview with Dr. Ruma Rajbhandari on the need for increased investment in district hospitals in low- and lower-middle-income countries. (07:52)Download Advancing emerging surgery, noncommunicable-disease, and quality agendas in global health will be possible only if investments are aimed at strengthening an undervalued component of health systems in low- and lower-middle-income countries: the district hospital.
Acute Toxicity of Full-Dose Cisplatin-Etoposide Concurrently with High-Dose Hypofractionated Chest Radiotherapy for Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Subset Analysis of Non-Randomised Patients in the Pet-Boost Phase II Trial (NCT01024829)
Authors: D. De Ruysscher, W. van Elmpt, R. Wanders, A. van Baardwijk, A.C. Dingemans, B. Reymen, G. Bootsma, P. Lambin, J. Sonke, J. Belderbos
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Losing weight following diagnosis of type 2 diabetes boosts chance of remission
Authors: Rob Cook, Peter Davidson, Rosie Martin
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The studyDambha-Miller H, Day AJ, Strelitz J, et al. Behaviour change, weight loss and remission of Type 2 diabetes: a community-based prospective cohort study. Diabet Med 2019. doi:10.1111/dme.14122This project was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment Programme (project number 08/116/300) as well as the Wellcome Trust (grant number: G061895), the Epidemiology Unit programme (MC_UU_12015/4), and the National Health Service R&D support funding.To read the full NIHR Signal, go to: https://discover.dc.nihr.ac.uk/content/signal-000841/weight-loss-after-type-2-diabetes-diagnosis-boosts-chance-of-remission.
Caring for the Transgender Patient
Authors: Howard Libman, Joshua D. Safer, Jennifer R. Siegel, Eileen E. Reynolds
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

The term transgender refers to persons whose gender identity is different from that recorded at birth. Similar to other marginalized populations, transgender patients commonly experience discrimination in the health care setting, and they may not have access to medical professionals who can provide competent care. In addition to primary medical and preventive health care, transgender patients need access to gender-affirming interventions, including hormone therapy and surgeries. In 2017, the Endocrine Society updated its clinical practice guideline for the care of transgender persons on the basis of the best available evidence from systematic reviews and individual studies. Among its general requirements for adolescents and recommendations for adults were the following: Involvement of a mental health professional who is knowledgeable about the diagnostic criteria for gender dysphoria and criteria for gender-affirming treatment, has training and experience in assessing psychopathology, and is willing to participate in ongoing care. Hormone therapy should be offered to transgender adult patients, with levels maintained within the normal range for gender identity and treatment appropriately monitored. Clinicians involved in the care of transgender adult patients should be knowledgeable about diagnostic criteria for gender dysphoria/gender incongruence, the use of medical and surgical gender-affirming interventions, and appropriate monitoring for reproductive organ cancer risk. Here, 2 clinicians with expertise in this area debate whether psychological evaluation is warranted in a transgender patient requesting gender-affirming hormones or surgery, the potential risks and benefits of estrogen therapy, and the role of the primary care practitioner in the care of transgender persons.