tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Public Attitudes Regarding Hospitals and Physicians Encouraging Donations From Grateful Patients
Authors: Reshma Jagsi, Kent A. Griffith, Joseph A. Carrese, Megan Collins, Audiey C. Kao, Sara Konrath, Stacey A. Tovino, Jane L. Wheeler, Scott M. Wright
Journal: JAMA (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Philanthropy is an increasingly important source of support for health care institutions. There is little empirical evidence to inform ethical guidelines. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess public attitudes regarding specific practices used by health care institutions to encourage philanthropic donations from grateful patients. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Using the Ipsos KnowledgePanel, a probability-based sample representative of the US population, a survey solicited opinions from a primary cohort representing the general population and 3 supplemental cohorts (with high income, cancer, and with heart disease, respectively). <h3>Exposures</h3> Web-based questionnaire. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Descriptive analyses (with percentages weighted to make the sample demographically representative of the US population) evaluated respondents' attitudes regarding the acceptability of strategies hospitals may use to identify, solicit, and thank donors; perceptions of the effect of physicians discussing donations with their patients; and opinions regarding gift use and stewardship. <h3>Results</h3> Of 831 individuals targeted for the general population sample, 513 (62%) completed surveys, of whom 246 (48.0%) were women and 345 (67.3%) non-Hispanic white. In the weighted sample, 47.0% (95% CI, 42.3%-51.7%) responded that physicians giving patient names to hospital fundraising staff after asking patients' permission was definitely or probably acceptable; 8.5% (95% CI, 5.7%-11.2%) endorsed referring without asking permission. Of the participants, 79.5% (95% CI, 75.6%-83.4%) reported it acceptable for physicians to talk to patients about donating if patients have brought it up; 14.2% (95% CI, 10.9%-17.6%) reported it acceptable when patients have not brought it up; 9.9% (95% CI, 7.1%-12.8%) accepted hospital development staff performing wealth screening using publicly available data to identify patients capable of large donations. Of the participants, 83.2% (95% CI, 79.5%-86.9%) agreed that physicians talking with their patients about donating may interfere with the patient-physician relationship. For a hypothetical patient who donated $1 million, 50.1% (95% CI, 45.4%-54.7%) indicated it would be acceptable for the hospital to show thanks by providing nicer hospital rooms, 26.0% (95% CI, 21.9%-30.1%) by providing expedited appointments, and 19.8% (95% CI, 16.1%-23.5%) by providing physicians' cell phone numbers. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this survey study of participants drawn from the general US population, a substantial proportion did not endorse legally allowable approaches for identifying, engaging, and thanking patient-donors.
Annals Graphic Medicine - Tommy Testicle's Fantastic Journey
Authors: Stefan Tigges
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Web Exclusives21 July 2020Annals Graphic Medicine - Tommy Testicle's Fantastic JourneyFREEStefan Tigges, MDStefan Tigges, MDEmory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (S.T.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/G19-0086 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (S.T.)Disclosures: The author has disclosed no conflicts of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=G19-0086.Author/Illustrator Information: Stefan Tigges, MD (e-mail, [email protected]edu). PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 July 2020Volume 173, Issue 2Page: W32-W39KeywordsConflicts of interestDisclosureHealth care ePublished: 21 July 2020 Issue Published: 21 July 2020 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2020 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A large COVID-19 outbreak in a high school 10 days after schools’ reopening, Israel, May 2020
Authors: Chen Stein-Zamir, Nitza Abramson, Hanna Shoob, Erez Libal, Menachem Bitan, Tanya Cardash, Refael Cayam, Ian Miskin
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

On 13 March 2020, Israel's government declared closure of all schools. Schools fully reopened on 17 May 2020. Ten days later, a major outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) occurred in a high school. The first case was registered on 26 May, the second on 27 May. They were not epidemiologically linked. Testing of the complete school community revealed 153 students (attack rate: 13.2%) and 25 staff members (attack rate: 16.6%) who were COVID-19 positive.
Covid-19: US states are not reporting vital data, says former CDC chief
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

<h3>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</h3> DAVFs with cortical venous reflux carry a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Endovascular treatment options include transarterial embolization with a liquid embolic agent or transvenous access with occlusion of the involved venous segment, which may prove difficult if the venous access route is thrombosed. The aim of this article is to describe the technique and results of the transvenous approach via thrombosed venous segments for occlusion of DAVFs. <h3>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</h3> Our study was a retrospective analysis of 51 patients treated with a transvenous approach through an occluded sinus that was reopened by gentle rotational advancement of a 0.035-inch guidewire, which opened a path for a subsequently inserted microcatheter. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> Of 607 patients with DAVFs, the transvenous reopening technique was attempted in 62 patients in 65 sessions and was successful in 51 patients and 53 sessions. Immediate occlusion was seen in 42 patients; on follow-up, occlusion was seen in 49 patients, whereas 2 patients had reduced flow without cortical venous reflux. No permanent procedure-related morbidity was noted. <h3>CONCLUSIONS:</h3> The reopening technique to gain access to isolated venous pouches or the cavernous sinus for the treatment of DAVFs is a safe and effective treatment, which should be considered if transarterial approaches fail or are anticipated to result only in an incomplete anatomic cure.
Leveraging the United States Epicenter to Provide Insights on COVID‐19 in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Ruth Fernandez‐Ruiz, Mala Masson, Mimi Y. Kim, Benjamin Myers, Rebecca H. Haberman, Rochelle Castillo, Jose U. Scher, Allison Guttmann, Philip M. Carlucci, Kristina K. Deonaraine, Michael Golpanian, Kimberly Robins, Miao Chang, H. Michael Belmont, Jill P. Buyon, Ashira D. Blazer, Amit Saxena, Peter M. Izmirly
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2020)

Objective To characterize patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and to analyze associations of comorbidities and medications on infection outcomes. Methods Patients with SLE and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction–confirmed COVID‐19 were identified through an established New York University lupus cohort, query of 2 hospital systems, and referrals from rheumatologists. Data were prospectively collected via a web‐based questionnaire and review of medical records. Data on baseline characteristics were obtained for all patients with COVID‐19 to analyze risk factors for hospitalization. Data were also collected on asymptomatic patients and those with COVID‐19–like symptoms who tested negative or were not tested. Statistical analyses were limited to confirmed COVID‐19–positive patients. Results A total of 226 SLE patients were included: 41 with confirmed COVID‐19, 19 who tested negative for COVID‐19, 42 with COVID‐19–like symptoms who did not get tested, and 124 who remained asymptomatic without testing. Of the SLE patients with confirmed COVID‐19, hospitalization was required in 24 (59%) and intensive care unit–level of care in 4, and 4 died. Hospitalized patients tended to be older, nonwhite, Hispanic, have higher body mas index (BMI), history of nephritis, and at least 1 comorbidity. An exploratory (due to limited sample size) logistic regression analysis identified race, presence of at least 1 comorbidity, and BMI as independent predictors of hospitalization. Conclusion In general, the variables predictive of hospitalization in our SLE patients were similar to those identified in the general population. Further studies are needed to understand additional risk factors for poor COVID‐19 outcomes in patients with SLE.
Abstract 15127: Heart Rate Values by Diagnoses and Medications: A Big Data Investigation From the Health eHeart Study
Authors: Robert Avram, Peter Kuhar, Eric Vittinghoff, Kirstin Aschbacher, Geoff Tison, Mark Pletcher, Jeffrey Olgin
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Heart rate (HR) is an important vital sign that can be influenced by the presence of systemic inflammation, atherosclerosis and disease. Our objective was to define the HR values base...
Implementing VA’s Authoritative Ethical Guidance in a Pandemic
Authors: Toby Schonfeld, David Alfandre, Kenneth Berkowitz, Barbara Chanko, Mary Beth Foglia, Cynthia Geppert
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2020)

This article refers to:Ethical Challenges Arising in the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Overview from the Association of Bioethics Program Directors (ABPD) Task Force
Dysphagia and Dyspnea in a Middle-aged Woman
Authors: Wei Zhang, Xia Yang, Fei Pei
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2020)

A woman in her early 60s presents with progressive dysphagia to solid foods for 2 years, new-onset dyspnea associated with cough and fever for 1 week, and poorly controlled hypertension for 10 years. What would you do next?
Breast Cancer Risk–Reducing Medications
Authors: Danielle Graham, Maggie L. DiNome, Patricia A. Ganz
Journal: JAMA (2020)

This JAMA Patient Page describes the indications for use of medications to reduce breast cancer risk and the benefits and risks of the 2 major drug classes, SERMs (tamoxifen, raloxifene) and aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole, exemestane).
Novel and Emerging Treatment Strategies for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Eunice S. Wang
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2020)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains difficult and challenging to treat. Recognition that AML is a genomically heterogeneous disease has given rise to several new targeted therapies (eg, inhibitors of FLT3 and IDH1/2). Because the genomic landscape of AML evolves as the disease progresses, genomic testing is advised at diagnosis and at recurrence or relapse. In addition to targeted inhibitors, several emerging therapies directed at immune responses and p53 are on the horizon. Despite these advances, the 5-year overall survival rate for AML is 28.3%. The hope is that novel combinations and emerging strategies will move the survival bar higher for patients with AML in the near future.
Acute Cardiac Rejection: Antagomir‐155 Attenuates Acute Cardiac Rejection Using Ultrasound Targeted Microbubbles Destruction (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 14/2020)
Authors: Luyang Yi, Yihan Chen, Qiaofeng Jin, Cheng Deng, Ya Wu, Huiling Li, Tianshu Liu, Yuman Li, Yali Yang, Jing Wang, Qing Lv, Li Zhang, Mingxing Xie
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

In article number 2000189 by Li Zhang, Mingxing Xie, and co-workers, cationic microbubbles composed of DOTAP, DSPC, and DSPE-PEG2000 are synthesized to carry antagomir-155 and deliver it to allograft heart in a murine model by ultrasound targeted microbubbles destruction (UTMD). Sonoporation and cavitation make antagomir-155 penetrate vascular endothelium into intracellular region of allograft heart. This therapy downregulates microRNA-155 level in graft heart and attenuates degree of acute cardiac rejection.
Association of Retinal Microvascular Characteristics With Short-term Memory Performance in Children Aged 4 to 5 Years
Authors: Leen J. Luyten, Yinthe Dockx, Narjes Madhloum, Hanne Sleurs, Nele Gerrits, Bram G. Janssen, Kristof Y. Neven, Michelle Plusquin, Eline B. Provost, Patrick De Boever, Tim S. Nawrot
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Neurocognitive functions develop rapidly in early childhood and depend on the intrinsic cooperation between cerebral structures and the circulatory system. The retinal microvasculature can be regarded as a mirror image of the cerebrovascular circulation. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the association between retinal vessel characteristics and neurological functioning in children aged 4 to 5 years. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> In this cohort study, mother-child pairs were recruited at birth from February 10, 2010, to June 24, 2014, and renewed consent at their follow-up visit from December 10, 2014, to July 13, 2018. Participants were followed up longitudinally within the prospective Environmental Influence on Aging in Early Life birth cohort. A total of 251 children underwent assessment for this study. Data were analyzed from July 17 to October 30, 2019. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Retinal vascular diameters, the central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE), central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE), vessel tortuosity, and fractal dimensions were determined. Attention and psychomotor speed, visuospatial working memory, and short-term visual recognition memory were assessed by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, including the following tasks: Motor Screening (MOT), Big/Little Circle (BLC), Spatial Span (SSP), and Delayed Matching to Sample (DMS). <h3>Results</h3> Among the 251 children included in the assessment (135 girls [53.8%]; mean [SD] age, 4.5 [0.4] years), for every 1-SD widening in CRVE, the children performed relatively 2.74% (95% CI, −0.12 to 5.49;<i>P</i> = .06) slower on the MOT test, had 1.76% (95% CI, −3.53% to −0.04%;<i>P</i> = .04) fewer correct DMS assessments in total, and made 2.94% (95% CI, 0.39 to 5.29;<i>P</i> = .02) more errors given a previous correct answer in the DMS task on multiple linear regression modeling. For every 1-SD widening in CRAE, the total percentage of errors and errors given previous correct answers in the DMS task increased 1.44% (95% CI, −3.25% to 0.29%;<i>P</i> = .09) and 2.30% (95% CI, −0.14% to 4.61%;<i>P</i> = .07), respectively. A 1-SD higher vessel tortuosity showed a 4.32% relative increase in latency in DMS task performance (95% CI, −0.48% to 9.12%;<i>P</i> = .07). Retinal vessel characteristics were not associated with BLC and SSP test outcomes. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> These findings suggest that children's microvascular phenotypes are associated with short-term memory and that changes in the retinal microvasculature may reflect neurological development during early childhood.
Oncogenic Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein D-like Promotes the Growth of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells through Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Pre-B-Cell Leukemia Homeobox 1
Authors: Dehuan Ji, Pengshan Zhang, Wenjuan Ma, Xiuyan Zhang, Haixia Zhou, Yun Zhao, Li Zhu
Journal: Blood (2017)
Cancer of the Rectum
Authors: Edward J. Ottenheimer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

IN 1935 a plan was inaugurated in Connecticut whereby duplicate copies of hospital records of patients with cancer were made available to the Division of Cancer Research of the Connecticut Department of Health. This was a joint undertaking sponsored by the Tumor Committee and the Association of Tumor Clinics of the Connecticut State Medical Society, the general hospitals of the state, and the State Department of Health. As a result of fortuitous co-operation, complete data on over 35,000 cases of cancer have been collected and are now available for analysis.This study is concerned with all cases in which a . . .
Development of a Multi-Center Cohort to Evaluate Long-Term Outcomes and Late Effects Following Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Sickle Cell Disease: A STAR Initiative
Authors: Elizabeth Stenger, Allistair Abraham, Curtis D Travers, Hemalatha G. Rangarajan, Diane Hsu, Sonali Chaudhury, Kimberly A. Kasow, Michael J. Eckrich, Alexander I. Ngwube, Julie Kanter, Gregory M Guilcher, John T. Horan, Lakshmanan Krishnamurti, Shalini Shenoy
Journal: Blood (2017)
Designing Decellularized Extracellular Matrix‐Based Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting
Authors: Alperen Abaci, Murat Guvendiren
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract 3D bioprinting is an emerging technology to fabricate tissues and organs by precisely positioning cells into 3D structures using printable cell‐laden formulations known as bioinks. Various bioinks are utilized in 3D bioprinting applications; however, developing the perfect bioink to fabricate constructs with biomimetic microenvironment and mechanical properties that are similar to native tissues is a challenging task. In recent years, decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM)‐based bioinks have received an increasing attention in 3D bioprinting applications, since they are derived from native tissues and possess unique, complex tissue‐specific biochemical properties. This review focuses on designing dECM‐based bioinks for tissue and organ bioprinting, including commonly used decellularization and decellularized tissue characterization methods, bioink formulation and characterization, applications of dECM‐based bioinks, and most recent advancements in dECM‐based bioink design.
Impaired Renal HCO3 - Excretion in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Peder Berg, Samuel L. Svendsen, Mads V. Sorensen, Casper K. Larsen, Jesper Frank Andersen, Søren Jensen-Fangel, Majbritt Jeppesen, Rainer Schreiber, Ines Cabrita, Karl Kunzelmann, Jens Leipziger
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Significance Statement Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multi-system disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator CFTR, an epithelial chloride channel. Patients with CF do not respond with increased urinary HCO 3 - excretion after stimulation with secretin and often present with metabolic alkalosis. Based on studies with several knockout (KO) mouse models, patients with CF, and cell studies, this paper defines the role of CFTR in renal HCO 3 - excretion. Secretin-induced renal HCO 3 - excretion occurs in the collecting duct and is pendrin- and CFTR-dependent. The study explains metabolic alkalosis in CF and suggests the feasibility of developing a test of urinary HCO 3 - excretion in CF patients who have two copies of the F508del mutation to assess CFTR function and response to drug treatment. Background Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) do not respond with increased urinary HCO 3 − excretion after stimulation with secretin and often present with metabolic alkalosis. Methods By combining RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, isolated tubule perfusion, in vitro cell studies, and in vivo studies in different mouse models, we elucidated the mechanism of secretin-induced urinary HCO 3 − excretion. For CF patients and CF mice, we developed a HCO 3 - drinking test to assess the role of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in urinary HCO 3 - excretion and applied it in the patients before and after treatment with the novel CFTR modulator drug, lumacaftor-ivacaftor. Results β -Intercalated cells express basolateral secretin receptors and apical CFTR and pendrin. In vivo application of secretin induced a marked urinary alkalization, an effect absent in mice lacking pendrin or CFTR. In perfused cortical collecting ducts, secretin stimulated pendrin-dependent Cl − /HCO 3 − exchange. In collecting ducts in CFTR knockout mice, baseline pendrin activity was significantly lower and not responsive to secretin. Notably, patients with CF (F508del/F508del) and CF mice showed a greatly attenuated or absent urinary HCO 3 − -excreting ability. In patients, treatment with the CFTR modulator drug lumacaftor-ivacaftor increased the renal ability to excrete HCO 3 − . Conclusions These results define the mechanism of secretin-induced urinary HCO 3 − excretion, explain metabolic alkalosis in patients with CF, and suggest feasibility of an in vivo human CF urine test to validate drug efficacy.
TH1 cell-inducing <i>Escherichia coli</i> strain identified from the small intestinal mucosa of patients with Crohn’s disease
Authors: Manabu Nagayama, Tomonori Yano, Koji Atarashi, Takeshi Tanoue, Mariko Sekiya, Yasutoshi Kobayashi, Hirotsugu Sakamoto, Kouichi Miura, Keijiro Sunada, Takaaki Kawaguchi, Satoru Morita, Kayoko Sugita, Seiko Narushima, Nicolas Barnich, Jun Isayama, Yuko Kiridooshi, Atsushi Shiota, Wataru Suda, Masahira Hattori, Hironori Yamamoto, Kenya Honda
Journal: Gut Microbes (2020)

Dysbiotic microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) by regulating the immune system. Although pro-inflammatory microbes are probably enriched in the small intestinal (SI) mucosa, most studies have focused on fecal microbiota. This study aimed to examine jejunal and ileal mucosal specimens from patients with CD via double-balloon enteroscopy. Comparative microbiome analysis revealed that the microbiota composition of CD SI mucosa differs from that of non-CD controls, with an increased population of several families, including Enterobacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Bacteroidaceae. Upon anaerobic culturing of the CD SI mucosa, 80 bacterial strains were isolated, from which 9 strains representing 9 distinct species (Escherichia coli, Ruminococcus gnavus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Bacteroides dorei, B. fragilis, B. uniformis, Parabacteroides distasonis, and Streptococcus pasteurianus) were selected on the basis of their significant association with CD. The colonization of germ-free (GF) mice with the 9 strains enhanced the accumulation of TH1 cells and, to a lesser extent, TH17 cells in the intestine, among which an E. coli strain displayed high potential to induce TH1 cells and intestinal inflammation in a strain-specific manner. The present results indicate that the CD SI mucosa harbors unique pro-inflammatory microbiota, including TH1 cell-inducing E. coli, which could be a potential therapeutic target.
The human liver matrisome – Proteomic analysis of native and fibrotic human liver extracellular matrices for organ engineering approaches
Authors: Assal Daneshgar, Oliver Klein, Grit Nebrich, Marie Weinhart, Peter Tang, Alexander Arnold, Imran Ullah, Julian Pohl, Simon Moosburner, Nathanael Raschzok, Benjamin Strücker, Marcus Bahra, Johann Pratschke, Igor M. Sauer, Karl H. Hillebrandt
Journal: Biomaterials (2020)