tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PP57. CHILDHOOD LEUKAEMIA TREATED WITH CRANIAL RADIATION AND DELAYED PRESENTATION OF MENINGIOMAS IN ADULTHOOD
Authors: Mr Craig Robson, Mr Masood Hussain, Mr Chittoor Rajaraman, Mr Gerry O’reilly, Mr Nicholas Mcconnell, Mr Shailendra Achawal, Dr Alhafidz Hamdan
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

AIM: Individuals with a history of childhood cancers treated with cranial radiotherapy are suggested to be at subsequent increased risk of intracranial meningiomas. When the childhood cancer is leukaemia these children are not routinely followed up in “late-effects” clinics with surveillance MR imaging. METHODS: We report our experience of patients with a history of childhood leukaemia treated with cranial radiotherapy and subsequently went on to develop intracranial meningiomas in adulthoood. RESULTS: All patients had a belated presentation and all underwent surgical resection. CONCLUSION: Considering the causal relationship between exposure of the cranium to ionising radiation and subsequent development of meningiomas is now recognised, there should be an expectation that affected individuals are followed up in regional “late-effects” clinics with surveillance MR imaging from mid-teenage years. It is our experience that childhood leukaemic patients in contrast to paediatric brain tumour patients both of which receive cranial radiotherpay are not routinely followed up. There should be clinician and patient/parent awareness of such complications and any concern on imaging should result in the early involvement of the loco-regional neuro-oncology service.
De-escalation of antimicrobial therapy in critically ill hematology patients: a prospective cohort study
Authors: David Schnell, Claire Montlahuc, Fabrice Bruneel, Matthieu Resche-Rigon, Achille Kouatchet, Jean-Ralph Zahar, Michael Darmon, Frédéric Pene, Virginie Lemiale, Antoine Rabbat, François Vincent, Elie Azoulay, Djamel Mokart
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2019)
Nischarin expression in colon cancer
Authors: M. Cavic, M. Vidosavljevic, S. Radulovic, J. Grahovac
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

Background: Colorectal cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Current adjuvant chemotherapy regimens often lead to significant toxicities, so novel targets and targeted therapies are of great interest. Nischarin (NISCH, IR1, IRAS) is a non-adrenergic imidazoline-1 receptor protein that has been described as a tumor suppressor in breast and ovarian cancer. NISCH expression and its biological role in other types of cancer have not been investigated to date. Importantly, NISCH is a druggable target for which chemical agonists and antagonists have already been developed. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of nischarin in colon cancer and determine its potential role in disease progression and patient outcome. Methods: The web resource for analyzing cancer transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used to analyze the NISCH mRNA expression levels in normal and colon cancer samples. Patients from the TCGA colon cancer database (n = 440) were divided into "high" and "low" groups based on mean NISCH expression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed on several publicly available datasets using the Hallmarks and KEGG gene sets to find gene expression signatures that correlate with NISCH expression. Results: In the TCGA database there was no significant difference in expression of NISCH between normal and tumor tissue (p > 0.05). Survival analysis showed that patients with higher NISCH tumor levels had significantly shorter overall survival (p = 0.0141, Log-rank test). In the GSE41258 dataset, levels of NISCH were higher in primary tumors of patients with M1 status compared to tumors of patients without metastasis (p = 0.027, unpaired t test). GSEA revealed that gene expression sets of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, focal adhesion assembly and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, all of which are associated with metastasis, were significantly correlated with NISCH expression in primary tumors. Conclusions: In colon cancer, unlike in breast and ovary, higher NISCH expression might be associated with poor prognosis. Given that nischarin is a druggable target, it is potentially a new therapeutic target for selective treatment of patients with advanced colon cancer. Legal entity responsible for the study: Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia. Funding: Has not received any funding. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Cardiac innervation in acute myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection
Authors: Derek J Hausenloy, Hans Erik Bøtker, Peter Ferdinandy, Gerd Heusch, G André Ng, Andrew Redington, David Garcia-Dorado
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2019)

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the heart failure (HF) that often complicates this condition, are among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. To reduce myocardial infarct (MI) size and prevent heart failure, novel therapies are required to protect the heart against the detrimental effects of acute ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). In this regard, targeting cardiac innervation may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for cardioprotection. A number of cardiac neural pathways mediate the beneficial effects of cardioprotective strategies such as ischaemic preconditioning and remote ischaemic conditioning, and nerve stimulation may therefore provide a novel therapeutic strategy for cardioprotection. In this article, we provide an overview of cardiac innervation and its impact on acute myocardial IRI, the role of extrinsic and intrinsic cardiac neural pathways in cardioprotection, and highlight peripheral and central nerve stimulation as a cardioprotective strategy with therapeutic potential for reducing MI size and preventing HF following AMI. This article is part of a Cardiovascular Research Spotlight Issue entitled 'Cardioprotection Beyond the Cardiomyocyte', and emerged as part of the discussions of the European Union (EU)-CARDIOPROTECTION Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action, CA16225.
Tracking Rift Valley fever: From Mali to Europe and other countries, 2016
Authors: Christelle Tong, Emilie Javelle, Gilda Grard, Aissata Dia, Constance Lacrosse, Toscane Fourié, Patrick Gravier, Stéphanie Watier-Grillot, Renaud Lancelot, Franck Letourneur, Frédéric Comby, Martin Grau, Lionel Cassou, Jean-Baptiste Meynard, Sébastien Briolant, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Vincent Pommier de Santi
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2019)

On 16 September 2016, the World Health Organization confirmed a Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreak in Niger. Epidemiological surveillance was reinforced among the French Armed Forces deployed in Niger and bordering countries: Chad, Mali and Burkina Faso. On 26 October, a probable case of RVF was reported in a service member sampled in Mali 3 weeks earlier. At the time the result was reported, the patient was on vacation on Martinique. An epidemiological investigation was conducted to confirm this case and identify other cases. Finally, the case was not confirmed, but three suspected cases of RVF were confirmed using serological and molecular testing. RVF viral RNA was detectable in whole blood for 57 and 67 days after onset of symptoms for two cases, although it was absent from plasma and serum. At the time of diagnosis, these cases had already returned from Mali to Europe. The infectivity of other arboviruses in whole blood has already been highlighted. That RVF virus has been detected in whole blood that long after the onset of symptoms (67 days) raises the question of its potential prolonged infectivity. Because of exposure to tropical infectious diseases during deployment, military populations could import emerging pathogens to Europe.
Yellow Periorbital Plaque and Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
Authors: Jonathan A. Braue, Rami N. Al-Rohil
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
SP0151 Update on MRI in Axial SpA, INCL. Differential Diagnoses and Follow-Up
Authors: R. G. W. Lambert
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3></h3> MRI is now an established imaging modality in the diagnosis and management of spondyloarthritis (SpA). It offers a number of benefits including the ability to detect pre-radiographic disease which in turn provides an opportunity for earlier diagnosis and confirmation of disease in clinically challenging cases. This opens a window for the application of potentially disease-modifying therapy at a time that may have a better impact than later treatment. MRI also allows imaging monitoring of disease and can provide crucial information about changes in active inflammation of the axial skeleton in response to treatment. On MRI, change can be seen within a few months, allowing the clinician to modify therapy as needed. When response to treatment has been poor, MRI may help to distinguish between persistent inflammation, chronic mechanical sources of pain, and complications of disease or therapy. Newer MRI sequences and techniques in development may offer further enhancements in earlier and more accurate disease detection and monitoring. This lecture will briefly discuss the range of imaging findings that can be seen in the axial skeleton in spondyloarthritis and which features of active inflammation and structural damage are more reliably recognized and whether they are sensitive or specific for SpA. Discussion will include illustration of pit falls in interpretation and the more likely differential diagnoses for each of the MRI findings. Advanced MRI techniques that are being used in imaging the axial skeleton will be briefly reviewed. These generally fall into 2 main categories: a) attempts to improve assessment of active inflammation, and b) better detection of structural damage, in the sacroiliac joint for diagnosis, and in the spine for progression of disease. Lambert RG, Dhillon SS, Jaremko JL. Advanced imaging of the axial skeleton in spondyloarthropathy: techniques, interpretation, and utility. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2012 Nov;16(5):389-400. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> R. Lambert Consultant for: AbbVie and Synarc
Ixazomib, Thalidomide and Dexamethasone Is an Effective and Well Tolerated Re-Induction Regimen Leading to Salvage Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation (sASCT): Results from the Re-Induction Interim Analysis of UK-MRA Myeloma XII (ACCoRD) Trial
Authors: Gordon Cook, Christopher Parrish, Kwee Yong, Jamie Cavenagh, John A Snowden, Mark T Drayson, Mamta Garg, David Cairns, John Ashcroft, Alina Striha, Anna Hockaday, Ruth M De Tute, Roger G. Owen, Cathy Williams, Mark Cook
Journal: Blood (2018)
The Population of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Dramatically Alters after Very Premature Delivery- a Previously Unrecognised Postnatal Adaptation Process?
Authors: Daniel O'Reilly, Karl Egan, Oscar Burke, Angharad Griffiths, Elaine Neary, Alfonso Blanco, Paulina Szklanna, Patricia Maguire, Naomi McCallion, Fionnuala Ni Ainle
Journal: Blood (2018)
P121/O21 MiR-146A an important key player in bone metabolism
Authors: V Saferding, M Hofmann, JS Brunner, MF Militaru, A Puchner, S Hayer, M Timmen, R Stange, JS Smolen, S Blüml
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

<h3>Career situation of first and presenting author</h3> Post-doctoral fellow. <h3>Introduction</h3> Micro RNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in the regulation of bone metabolism. MiR-146a, an important anti-inflammatory miRNA, was found to negatively impact osteogenesis and bone regeneration <i>in vitro</i>, by controlling the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. But to date the role of miR-146a in bone remodelling, its influence on bone stability and development of osteoporosis is not known. <h3>Objectives</h3> Our aim is to analyse the function of miR-146a in bone metabolism. <h3>Methods</h3> Systemic bone, tibiae and femur, of wt and miR-146a deficient animals was assessed histologically and via µCT analysis, over a period of 3 to 18 months of age. Serum cytokine levels were analysed by Elisa. MRNA expression levels in bone were analysed by qPCR. To induce osteoporosis, ovariectomy (OVX) induced bone loss was performed. <h3>Results</h3> When we analysed bone volume of long bones histologically as well as with µCT analysis we detected significantly increased trabecular bone mass in miR-146a deficient compared to wt animals, starting at an age of 6 months. In addition cortical thickness of systemic bones from miR-146a knock out animals was significantly increased compared to control mice. Analysis of serum in aged miR-146a deficient animals displayed elevated activity of bone resorbing osteoclasts as amounts of CTX I in miR-146a<sup>-/-</sup> mice were significantly increased compared to wt animals. Q-PCR analysis of important osteoclast as well as osteoblast marker genes in bones <i>ex vivo</i> displayed elevated expression of signature molecules of both cell types in aged miR-146a deficient mice, suggesting a regulatory role of miR-146a in both osteoclasts as well as osteoblasts. When we induced osteoporosis using the OVX disease model, histological analysis of long bones showed significant trabecular bone loss in ovariectomized wt mice. In contrast, we detected no trabecular bone loss in ovariectomized miR-146a knock out animals, suggesting that loss of miR-146a deficiency protects bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency. <h3>Conclusions</h3> MiR-146a seems to control bone turnover and miR-146a deficient mice accrue bone over time. Moreover this miRNA has a negative influence on bone loss occurring during oestrogen loss induced osteoporosis. Therefore miR-146a could be possibly used as a therapeutic target in the treatment of osteoporosis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared.
Activation of the Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor γ Coactivator 1β/NFATc1 Pathway in Circulating Osteoclast Precursors Associated With Bone Destruction in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Jian‐Da Ma, Jun Jing, Jun‐Wei Wang, Ying‐Qian Mo, Qian‐Hua Li, Jian‐Zi Lin, Le‐Feng Chen, Lan Shao, Pierre Miossec, Lie Dai
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2019)

Activation of osteoclastogenesis at the bone site in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is well established. The mechanisms by which circulating osteoclast precursors contribute are still unclear. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1β (PGC-1β) is implicated in transcriptional regulation of osteoclastogenesis in mouse models. This study was undertaken to investigate the contribution of PGC-1β to circulating osteoclast precursors and its link to bone destruction in RA.PGC-1β expression in RA peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes was increased and showed correlation with joint destruction shown on radiographs. Cells from RA patients or healthy controls were transfected with a lentivirus vector for PGC-1β gene silencing or overexpression and cultured with macrophage colony-stimulating factor and RANKL. Bone resorption activity, bone-degrading enzymes, and signaling molecules were measured in these mature osteoclasts.Increased nuclear accumulation of PGC-1β was observed in RA peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes, and these cells had stronger osteoclastogenesis than in healthy controls. PGC-1β protein expression was positively correlated with radiographic joint destruction (r = 0.396-0.413; all P < 0.05). PGC-1β knockdown suppressed (51-82% reduction) the expression of cathepsin K, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), as well as osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption activity. Conversely, PGC-1β overexpression increased these markers (by 1.5-1.8-fold) and osteoclastogenesis. VIVIT, an inhibitor of NFATc1 activation, inhibited the effect of overexpressed PGC-1β by reducing cathepsin K, TRAP, and MMP-9 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed PGC-1β bound to NFATc1 promoter, leading to transcriptional activation.Activation of the PGC-1β/NFATc1 pathway in circulating osteoclast precursors was associated with bone destruction in RA. This may represent a new treatment target.
Tuberculosis — United States, 2017
Authors: Rebekah J. Stewart, Clarisse A. Tsang, Robert H. Pratt, Sandy F. Price, Adam J. Langer
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)

In 2017, a total of 9,093 new cases of tuberculosis (TB) were provisionally* reported in the United States, representing an incidence rate of 2.8 cases per 100,000 population. The case count decreased by 1.8% from 2016 to 2017, and the rate declined by 2.5% over the same period. These decreases are consistent with the slight decline in TB seen over the past several years (1). This report summarizes provisional TB surveillance data reported to CDC's National Tuberculosis Surveillance System for 2017 and in the last decade. The rate of TB among non-U.S.-born persons in 2017 was 15 times the rate among U.S.-born persons. Among non-U.S.-born persons, the highest TB rate among all racial/ethnic groups was among Asians (27.0 per 100,000 persons), followed by non-Hispanic blacks (blacks; 22.0). Among U.S.-born persons, most TB cases were reported among blacks (37.1%), followed by non-Hispanic whites (whites; 29.5%). Previous studies have shown that the majority of TB cases in the United States are attributed to reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI) (2). Ongoing efforts to prevent TB transmission and disease in the United States remain important to continued progress toward TB elimination. Testing and treatment of populations most at risk for TB disease and LTBI, including persons born in countries with high TB prevalence and persons in high-risk congregate settings (3), are major components of this effort.
Caution in the Postoperative Treatment of Pain With Opioids—Surgeon Awareness Needed
Authors: Eija Kalso, Pauli Puolakkainen, Paulina Salminen
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Cancer screening in the United States, 2011
Authors: Robert A. Smith, Vilma Cokkinides, Durado Brooks, Debbie Saslow, Mona Shah, Otis W. Brawley
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2011)

Each year the American Cancer Society (ACS) publishes a summary of its recommendations for early cancer detection, a report on data and trends in cancer screening rates, and select issues related to cancer screening. This article summarizes the current ACS guidelines, describes the anticipated impact of new health care reform legislation on cancer screening, and discusses recent public debates over the comparative effectiveness of different colorectal cancer screening tests. The latest data on the utilization of cancer screening from the National Health Interview Survey is described, as well as several recent reports on the role of health care professionals in adult utilization of cancer screening.
US Graduate Medical Education, 2002-2003
Authors: Sarah E Brotherton, Paul H Rockey, Sylvia I Etzel
Journal: JAMA (2003)

By selecting a specialty to train in, physicians entering graduate medical education (GME) training provide advance information about the future physician workforce.To determine trends in the residency choices of medical school graduates entering GME training.The American Medical Association and Association of American Medical Colleges jointly surveyed active programs as well as combined programs in academic year 2002-2003 about active, transferred, and graduated residents. In 2002 the survey was sent to 8064 program directors; 84.2% of them confirmed the status of all active residents and 82.6% completed the program survey.In addition to overall trends, the specialty choices of graduates of osteopathic schools (DOs) and international medical graduates (IMGs). Also, where native US citizen resident physicians attended medical school if not in the United States, with a focus on Hispanic ethnicity and Spanish-language facility.The census counted 98 258 resident physicians in GME programs in academic year 2002-2003, similar to 5 years ago and reversing a decline over the past few years. There were 23 443 residents in graduate year 1 (GY1) positions, for which prior GME training is not required, a slight increase from 2001-2002. The proportion of GY1 residents without prior GME increased slightly compared with 2001-2002 (92.3% to 93.3%). In 1996-1997, 624 DOs were GY1 residents without prior GME (2.9%); their numbers increased to 1312 (6.0%) in 2002-2003. The number of IMGs in GY1 positions without prior GME also increased over this period, from 5033 (23.5%) to 5623 (25.7%). Over the past 6 years the number of IMG and DO GY1 residents without prior GME in specialties such as general surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, and emergency medicine has increased disproportionately faster than the overall rate. Hispanic native US citizens are more likely to be IMGs than non-Hispanic native US citizens (9.6% vs 5.0%). One third of Hispanic native US citizen IMGs received their medical education in Spanish vs less than 3% of non-Hispanic native US citizen IMGs.Nearly 25% of physicians in US allopathic training programs in 2002-2003 were IMGs, and the percentage of DOs continues to increase. The number of residents conversant in Spanish could serve a need for a large US minority population.