tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Analysis of loss to follow-up in 4099 multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients
Authors: Ian F. Walker, Oumin Shi, Joseph P. Hicks, Helen Elsey, Xiaolin Wei, Dick Menzies, Zhiyi Lan, Dennis Falzon, Giovanni Battista Migliori, Carlos Pérez-Guzmán, Mario H. Vargas, Lourdes García-García, José Sifuentes Osornio, Alfredo Ponce-De-León, Martie van der Walt, James N. Newell
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2019)

Loss to follow-up (LFU) of ≥2 consecutive months contributes to the poor levels of treatment success in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) reported by TB programmes. We explored the timing of when LFU occurs by month of MDR-TB treatment and identified patient-level risk factors associated with LFU.We analysed a dataset of individual MDR-TB patient data (4099 patients from 22 countries). We used Kaplan-Meier survival curves to plot time to LFU and a Cox proportional hazards model to explore the association of potential risk factors with LFU.Around one-sixth (n=702) of patients were recorded as LFU. Median (interquartile range) time to LFU was 7 (3-11) months. The majority of LFU occurred in the initial phase of treatment (75% in the first 11 months). Major risk factors associated with LFU were: age 36-50 years (HR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0-1.6; p=0.04) compared with age 0-25 years, being HIV positive (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.7; p<0.01) compared with HIV negative, on an individualised treatment regimen (HR 0.7, 95% CI 0.6-1.0; p=0.03) compared with a standardised regimen and a recorded serious adverse event (HR 0.5, 95% CI 0.4-0.6; p<0.01) compared with no serious adverse event.Both patient- and regimen-related factors were associated with LFU, which may guide interventions to improve treatment adherence, particularly in the first 11 months.
Abstract P5-14-08: Not presented
Authors: O Galindo-Vázquez, E Baragalló-Rocha, P Cabrera-Galeana, R Costas-Muñiz, A Lerma, N Esparza-Arias
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Galindo-Vázquez O, Baragalló-Rocha E, Cabrera-Galeana P, Costas-Muñiz R, Lerma A, Esparza-Arias N. Not presented [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-14-08.
Group Purchasing Organizations and Costs
Authors: Todd Ebert
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract P2-14-21: Not presented
Authors: S Lee, SH Ahn, JW Lee, IY Chung, BS Ko, HJ Kim, J Kim, G Shon, BH Son
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Lee S, Ahn SH, Lee JW, Chung IY, Ko BS, Kim HJ, Kim J, Shon G, Son BH. Not presented [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-14-21.
Multicentre study to determine the Etest epidemiological cut-off values of antifungal drugs in Candida spp. and Aspergillus fumigatus species complex
Authors: M. Salsé, J.-P. Gangneux, S. Cassaing, L. Delhaes, A. Fekkar, D. Dupont, F. Botterel, D. Costa, N. Bourgeois, B. Bouteille, S. Houzé, E. Dannaoui, H. Guegan, E. Charpentier, F. Persat, L. Favennec, L. Lachaud, M. Sasso
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2019)
The growing role of patients in medical education
Authors: Alice Buchan
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The use of plastic dummies to assess how medical students carry out a pelvic examination is a thing of the past at Oxford University. At this medical school, the speculum examination in the gynaecology objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) station is carried out by lay women, instead of using plastic models. Since August 2015, students have been assessed on their abilities to interact with and conduct a vaginal examination on clinical teaching associates (CTAs). These trained expert patients teach intimate examinations using their own bodies and give students feedback that you just don't get from a plastic pelvic model.

Although assessment led by CTAs is novel, examination teaching by CTAs is not new. They have been teaching vaginal examination for several years in Oxford, and similar programmes have been running in the United Kingdom and the United States for decades.1 Researchers from King’s College London found in 2003 that students taught by gynaecology CTAs had higher assessment scores than those taught using only traditional teaching methods.2

Medical education has always included patients, but traditionally in a more passive role rather than as an active teacher. However, the idea that patients are experts who can interact with medical professionals as equals goes back at least as far as the 1980s—with the rise in the concept of the “expert patient” who brings expertise on their own body, life, and health to the consultation.3

The CTA programme is just one model of patient led teaching. The Patient | Carer Community, which is based at the University of Leeds, includes carers’ perspectives as well as those of patients. Their experiences form a powerful part of some teaching sessions. Patient involvement in education can go beyond teaching into …
Response to: ‘Tapering without relapse in rheumatoid arthritis patients with high TNF blocker concentrations: data from the STRASS study’ by Marotte <i>et al</i>
Authors: Merel J l'Ami, Charlotte L Krieckaert, Michael T Nurmohamed, Ronald F van Vollenhoven, Theo Rispens, Maarten Boers, Gerrit Jan Wolbink
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

We thank Marotte et al for their interest in our study and for presenting their own recent study. The Spacing of TNF-blocker injections in Rheumatoid ArthritiS Study (STRASS) results on drug concentrations are highly valuable, as this is a large, pragmatic, randomised trial. Marotte et al found that high drug concentrations were related to lower relapse rates after 6 months of tapering.1 This is in line with our study, where we found that patients with high adalimumab concentrations could safely reduce the dose.2

In the STRASS study, 39% of the patients discontinued the biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) successfully.3 These patients, apparently, did not need the drug anymore, suggesting that …
Mitochondrial DNA copy number is associated with mortality and infections in a large cohort of patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Federica Fazzini, Claudia Lamina, Liane Fendt, Ulla T. Schultheiss, Fruzsina Kotsis, Andrew A. Hicks, Heike Meiselbach, Hansi Weissensteiner, Lukas Forer, Vera Krane, Kai-Uwe Eckardt, Anna Köttgen, Florian Kronenberg, Kai-Uwe Eckardt, Heike Meiselbach, Markus Schneider, Thomas Dienemann, Hans-Ulrich Prokosch, Barbara Bärthlein, Andreas Beck, Thomas Ganslandt, André Reis, Arif B. Ekici, Susanne Avendaño, Dinah Becker-Grosspitsch, Ulrike Alberth-Schmidt, Birgit Hausknecht, Rita Zitzmann, Anke Weigel, Gerd Walz, Anna Köttgen, Ulla Schultheiß, Fruzsina Kotsis, Simone Meder, Erna Mitsch, Ursula Reinhard, Jürgen Floege, Georg Schlieper, Turgay Saritas, Sabine Ernst, Nicole Beaujean, Elke Schaeffner, Seema Baid-Agrawal, Kerstin Theisen, Hermann Haller, Jan Menne, Martin Zeier, Claudia Sommerer, Rebecca Woitke, Gunter Wolf, Martin Busch, Rainer Fuß, Thomas Sitter, Claudia Blank, Christoph Wanner, Vera Krane, Antje Börner-Klein, Britta Bauer, Florian Kronenberg, Julia Raschenberger, Barbara Kollerits, Lukas Forer, Sebastian Schönherr, Hansi Weissensteiner, Peter Oefner, Wolfram Gronwald, Helena Zacharias, Matthias Schmid, Jennifer Nadal
Journal: Kidney International (2019)

Damage of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) with reduction in copy number has been proposed as a biomarker for mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased mortality and risk of cardiovascular disease, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we investigated the prognostic role of mtDNA copy number for cause-specific mortality in 4812 patients from the German Chronic Kidney Disease study, an ongoing prospective observational national cohort study of patients with CKD stage G3 and A1-3 or G1-2 with overt proteinuria (A3) at enrollment. MtDNA was quantified in whole blood using a plasmid-normalized PCR-based assay. At baseline, 1235 patients had prevalent cardiovascular disease. These patients had a significantly lower mtDNA copy number than patients without cardiovascular disease (fully-adjusted model: odds ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.05 per 10 mtDNA copies decrease). After four years of follow-up, we observed a significant inverse association between mtDNA copy number and all-cause mortality, adjusted for kidney function and cardiovascular disease risk factors (hazard ratio 1.37, 95% CI 1.09-1.73 for quartile 1 compared to quartiles 2-4). When grouped by causes of death, estimates pointed in the same direction for all causes but in a fully-adjusted model decreased copy numbers were significantly lower only in infection-related death (hazard ratio 1.82, 95% CI 1.08-3.08). A similar association was observed for hospitalizations due to infections in 644 patients (hazard ratio 1.19, 95% CI 1.00-1.42 in the fully-adjusted model). Thus, our data support a role of mitochondrial dysfunction in increased cardiovascular disease and mortality risks as well as susceptibility to infections in patients with CKD.
Abstract 224: Which is the Best ACLS Course Length: 2 Days or 4 Days?
Authors: Heberth C Miotto, Eugenio M Goulart, Maria C Moreira
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Objective: To determine what is the best course length: two days or four days, maintaining the same course duration of 18 hours. Methods: We assessed 189 participants randomly allocated (group A) f...
Oncolytic HSV therapy increases trametinib access to brain tumors and sensitizes them in vivo
Authors: Ji Young Yoo, Jessica Swanner, Yoshihiro Otani, Mitra Nair, Flora Park, Yeshavanth Banasavadi-Siddegowda, Joseph Liu, Alena Cristina Jaime-Ramirez, Bangxing Hong, Feng Geng, Deliang Guo, Darlene Bystry, Mitch Phelphs, Haroon Quadri, Tae Jin Lee, Balveen Kaur
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Hyperactivation of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway is exploited by glioma cells to promote their growth and evade apoptosis. MEK activation in tumor cells can increase replication of ICP34.5-deleted herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), but paradoxically its activation in tumor-associated macrophages promotes a pro-inflammatory signaling that can inhibit virus replication and propagation. Here we investigated the effect of blocking MEK signaling in conjunction with oncolytic HSV-1 (oHSV) for brain tumors.
Phase 1/2 study of epacadostat in combination with ipilimumab in patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma
Authors: Geoffrey T. Gibney, Omid Hamid, Jose Lutzky, Anthony J. Olszanski, Tara C. Mitchell, Thomas F. Gajewski, Bartosz Chmielowski, Brent A. Hanks, Yufan Zhao, Robert C. Newton, Janet Maleski, Lance Leopold, Jeffrey S. Weber
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2019)

<h3>Background</h3> Epacadostat is a potent inhibitor of the immunosuppressive indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) enzyme. We present phase 1 results from a phase 1/2 clinical study of epacadostat in combination with ipilimumab, an anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 antibody, in advanced melanoma (NCT01604889). <h3>Methods</h3> Only the phase 1, open-label portion of the study was conducted, per the sponsor’s decision to terminate the study early based on the changing melanoma treatment landscape favoring exploration of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-ligand 1 inhibitor-based combination strategies. Such decision was not related to the safety of epacadostat plus ipilimumab. Patients received oral epacadostat (25, 50, 100, or 300 mg twice daily [BID]; 75 mg daily [50 mg am, 25 mg pm]; or 50 mg BID intermittent [2 weeks on/1 week off]) plus intravenous ipilimumab 3 mg/kg every 3 weeks. <h3>Results</h3> Fifty patients received ≥1 dose of epacadostat. As of January 20, 2017, 2 patients completed treatment and 48 discontinued, primarily because of adverse events (AEs) and disease progression (<i>n</i> = 20 each). Dose-limiting toxicities occurred in 11 patients (<i>n</i> = 1 each with epacadostat 25 mg BID, 50 mg BID intermittent, 75 mg daily; <i>n</i> = 4 each with epacadostat 50 mg BID, 300 mg BID). The most common immune-related treatment-emergent AEs included rash (50%), alanine aminotransferase elevation (28%), pruritus (28%), aspartate aminotransferase elevation (24%), and hypothyroidism (10%). Among immunotherapy-naive patients (<i>n</i> = 39), the objective response rate was 26% by immune-related response criteria and 23% by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. No objective response was seen in the 11 patients who received prior immunotherapy. Epacadostat exposure was dose proportional, with clinically significant IDO1 inhibition at doses ≥25 mg BID. <h3>Conclusions</h3> When combined with ipilimumab, epacadostat ≤50 mg BID demonstrated clinical and pharmacologic activity and was generally well tolerated in patients with advanced melanoma. <h3>Trial registration</h3> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT01604889. Registration date, May 9, 2012, retrospectively registered.
Early-Stage Supraglottic “In Situ” Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx Incidentally Detected by 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT
Authors: Stefano Attilio Mangili, Nicola Rizzardi, Sonia Illuminati, Claudio Bnà, Giordano Savelli
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Abstract 18 F-fluorocholine ( 18 F-FCH) PET/CT is widely used to study patients affected by prostate cancer. Despite its specificity, however, 18 F-FCH may be taken up by other neoplasms such as multiple myeloma, lymphomas, lung, bladder, and colon cancer; brain tumors; and renal and hepatocellular carcinoma. This is due to its ability to evaluate the cell proliferation, which is typical of neoplastic cells. While this behavior may be an opportunity to image more neoplasms, on the other hand it could represent a source of error in the evaluation of the images. Here we present the case of a laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma detected by 18 F-FCH.
Abstract P4-12-02: Age-related distress in 3352 breast cancer patients
Authors: A Hill, R Obenchain, K Clark, M Loscalzo, J Mortimer
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Purpose: Age-related biopsychosocial distress in breast cancer patients has been poorly studied and understood. The breast cancer experience may be different based on chronological age, which may be a surrogate marker of biologic, psychological, social, and functional age. This study reports patient-reported biopsychosocial problem-related distress in breast cancer patients. Methods: All new patients seen at the City of Hope breast cancer clinic undergo a validated comprehensive biopsychosocial screening prior to their first visit with a medical/surgical oncologist. This touchscreen driven technology queries patients on their physical symptoms, psychosocial concerns, informational and resource needs, interests in clinical trials, and other breast cancer specific concerns. This IRB approved study was conducted in 3,352 patients evaluated from 2009 to 2017. Screening occurred immediately prior to meeting with the physician so that the information could be integrated into the clinical encounter. Results: The age-related groups included 268 Adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients ages 18-39, 2,244 middle aged adults 40-64 years, and 840 older adults ages 65+ years. Regardless of age, four of the top seven highly distressing problems were the same: worry about the future, side effects of treatment, sleep and fatigue. AYA patients and middle aged adults, but not older adults, identified finances and being anxious or fearful among their top five causes of distress. Middle aged adults and older adults, but not AYA patients, identified physical pain among their top seven causes of distress. Interestingly, both AYA and older adults, but not middle aged adults, identified getting information about complementary and alternative practices as a top source of distress. Although a serious problem across all age categories, thoughts of ending one's life and seriously considering taking one's life were the least common problems identified. Conclusions: In this series with 3,352 patients, biopsychosocial concerns raised with a diagnosis of breast cancer were similar regardless of age. However, patients under the age of 65 may worry more about finances and patients over the age of 40 may worry more about physical symptoms such as pain. Both AYA patients and older adults cited distress learning about complementary and alternative practices, suggesting a need for providers to address this, especially in these patient populations. Thoughts of ending one's own life were uncommon, which is relevant in a state with the End of Life Option Act. Citation Format: Hill A, Obenchain R, Clark K, Loscalzo M, Mortimer J. Age-related distress in 3352 breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-12-02.
Abstract 5158: Serological autoantibody profiling in bladder cancer using protein arrays
Authors: Esteban Orenes-Piñero, Emilia Herrera, Daniel Rico, Rodrigo Barderas, David Gonzalez-Pisano, Ignacio Casal, Ferran Algaba, Joan Palou, Manuel Urrutia, Jose Navajo, Lydia Sanchez, Marta Sanchez-Carbayo
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Cancer cells might release at least part of their contents into the blood stream directly or through extracellular fluids upon cell damage or death. Cancer proteins not present in non-neoplastic cell subpopulations might then elicit a host immune response. The serum autoantibody repertoire from cancer patients might therefore, be exploited for the identification of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). The recognition that human tumors stimulate the production of autoantibodies against such autologous cellular proteins (TAAs) has opened the door to the possibility that autoantibodies could be translated into serological tools for early diagnosis and/or disease management. In this report, we attempt at exploring the serum proteome of patients with bladder cancer using protein arrays. The serum autoantibody profiles of 18 patients with bladder cancer and 6 control specimens including cases affected with other neoplasias, benign urological diseases and healthy individuals was investigated using protein arrays containing more than 12,000 proteins. Data analyses included T-test as well as clustering strategies using the Prospector and CIMMiner softwares. Supervised clustered heatmaps served to highlight identified biological differences among autoantibody profiles arrays of bladder cancer cases and controls. Moreover, protein expression patterns of the identified immunogenic TAAs were assessed by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays (n=92). Supervised clustering analysis segregated bladder cancer patients from controls. A panel of 171 autoantibodies was identified to be differentially expressed in bladder cancer patients as compared to control individuals in a significant manner. Bladder cancer TAAs included proteins involved in cell proliferation, signal transduction, apoptosis, DNA-binding and transcription factors, among others. Immunohistochemical analyses on tissue arrays served to validate the increased protein expression of identified TAAs in bladder tumors. Moreover they revealed the relevance of expression patterns of proteins such as clusterin for bladder cancer diagnostics, staging and outcome prognosis. Protein expression patterns of clusterin were significantly associated with clinico-pathological variables such as tumor size (P=0.034), T1 substaging (P=0.013) or progression into muscle invasive disease (P=0.020). Thus, the novel application of high-throughput protein arrays for serum autoantibody profiling is providing critical information not only to identify TAAs candidate biomarkers for bladder cancer diagnostics and potential immunological therapeutic targets, such as clusterin, but also to further characterize bladder cancer progression.
Prostate-Specific Antigen Within the Reference Range, Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Mortality
Authors: Yoosoo Chang, Jae Heon Kim, Jin-Won Noh, Young-Sam Cho, Heung Jae Park, Kwan Joong Joo, Seungho Ryu
Journal: Circulation Research (2019)

Although PSA (prostate-specific antigen)-a tumor marker for prostate cancer-has been reported to be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, studies on the association of PSA with subclinical and clinical CVD remain limited.We examined the association of total serum PSA within the reference range with coronary artery calcium (CAC) score and CVD mortality.A cross-sectional study was performed in 88 203 Korean men who underwent a health checkup exam including cardiac tomography estimation of CAC score. Logistic regression model was used to calculate odds ratios with 95% CIs for prevalent CAC. PSA levels were inversely associated with the presence of CAC. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (95% CIs) for prevalent CAC comparing PSA quartiles 2, 3, and 4 to the first quartile were 0.96 (0.90-1.01), 0.88 (0.83-0.93), and 0.85 (0.80-0.90), respectively ( P for trend, <0.001). A cohort study was performed in 243 435 Korean men with a mean age of 39.3 years, PSA values of <4.0 ng/mL, and without known CVD or prostate disease who were followed up with for ≤14 years for CVD mortality (median, 7.3 years). CVD deaths were ascertained through linkage to national death records. Hazard ratios and 95% CIs for CVD mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. During 1 829 070.1 person-years of follow-up, 336 CVD deaths were identified. After adjustment for potential confounders, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) for CVD mortality comparing PSA quartiles 2, 3, and 4 to the lowest quartile were 0.90 (0.66-1.22), 0.79 (0.58-1.08), and 0.69 (0.51-0.93), respectively.Serum total PSA levels within the reference range showed an inverse association with subclinical atherosclerosis and CVD mortality in young and middle-aged Korean men, indicating a possible role of PSA as a predictive marker for subclinical and clinical CVD.