tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study
Authors: Tao Chen, Di Wu, Huilong Chen, Weiming Yan, Danlei Yang, Guang Chen, Ke Ma, Dong Xu, Haijing Yu, Hongwu Wang, Tao Wang, Wei Guo, Jia Chen, Chen Ding, Xiaoping Zhang, Jiaquan Huang, Meifang Han, Shusheng Li, Xiaoping Luo, Jianping Zhao, Qin Ning
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Abstract Objective To delineate the clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) who died. Design Retrospective case series. Setting Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China. Participants Among a cohort of 799 patients, 113 who died and 161 who recovered with a diagnosis of covid-19 were analysed. Data were collected until 28 February 2020. Main outcome measures Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings were obtained from electronic medical records with data collection forms. Results The median age of deceased patients (68 years) was significantly older than recovered patients (51 years). Male sex was more predominant in deceased patients (83; 73%) than in recovered patients (88; 55%). Chronic hypertension and other cardiovascular comorbidities were more frequent among deceased patients (54 (48%) and 16 (14%)) than recovered patients (39 (24%) and 7 (4%)). Dyspnoea, chest tightness, and disorder of consciousness were more common in deceased patients (70 (62%), 55 (49%), and 25 (22%)) than in recovered patients (50 (31%), 48 (30%), and 1 (1%)). The median time from disease onset to death in deceased patients was 16 (interquartile range 12.0-20.0) days. Leukocytosis was present in 56 (50%) patients who died and 6 (4%) who recovered, and lymphopenia was present in 103 (91%) and 76 (47%) respectively. Concentrations of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, cardiac troponin I, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and D-dimer were markedly higher in deceased patients than in recovered patients. Common complications observed more frequently in deceased patients included acute respiratory distress syndrome (113; 100%), type I respiratory failure (18/35; 51%), sepsis (113; 100%), acute cardiac injury (72/94; 77%), heart failure (41/83; 49%), alkalosis (14/35; 40%), hyperkalaemia (42; 37%), acute kidney injury (28; 25%), and hypoxic encephalopathy (23; 20%). Patients with cardiovascular comorbidity were more likely to develop cardiac complications. Regardless of history of cardiovascular disease, acute cardiac injury and heart failure were more common in deceased patients. Conclusion Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection can cause both pulmonary and systemic inflammation, leading to multi-organ dysfunction in patients at high risk. Acute respiratory distress syndrome and respiratory failure, sepsis, acute cardiac injury, and heart failure were the most common critical complications during exacerbation of covid-19.
TCT-359 Predictors associated with Major Adverse Cardiac Events following Successful Chronic Total Occlusion Intervention with Drug-eluting Stents
Authors: Sang-Ho Park, Seung-Woon Rha, Jin-Soo Byun, Ung Jun, Se-Whan Lee, Won-Yong Shin, Seung Jin Lee, Dong-Kyu Jin, Byoung Geol Choi, Jin oh Na, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Hong Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Low-Dose Alteplase During Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention According to Ischemic Time
Authors: Peter J. McCartney, Annette M. Maznyczka, Hany Eteiba, Margaret McEntegart, Keith G. Oldroyd, John P. Greenwood, Neil Maredia, Matthias Schmitt, Gerry P. McCann, Timothy Fairbairn, Elisa McAlindon, Campbell Tait, Paul Welsh, Naveed Sattar, Vanessa Orchard, David Corcoran, Thomas J. Ford, Aleksandra Radjenovic, Ian Ford, Alex McConnachie, Colin Berry
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)

Microvascular obstruction affects one-half of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and confers an adverse prognosis. This study aimed to determine whether the efficacy and safety of a therapeutic strategy involving low-dose intracoronary alteplase infused early after coronary reperfusion associates with ischemic time. This study was conducted in a prospective, multicenter, parallel group, 1:1:1 randomized, dose-ranging trial in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Ischemic time, defined as the time from symptom onset to coronary reperfusion, was a pre-specified subgroup of interest. Between March 17, 2016, and December 21, 2017, 440 patients, presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction within 6 h of symptom onset (<2 h, n = 107; ≥2 h but <4 h, n = 235; ≥4 h to 6 h, n = 98), were enrolled at 11 U.K. hospitals. Participants were randomly assigned to treatment with placebo (n = 151), alteplase 10 mg (n = 144), or alteplase 20 mg (n = 145). The primary outcome was the amount of microvascular obstruction (MVO) (percentage of left ventricular mass) quantified by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at 2 to 7 days (available for 396 of 440). Overall, there was no association between alteplase dose and the extent of MVO (p for trend = 0.128). However, in patients with an ischemic time ≥4 to 6 h, alteplase increased the mean extent of MVO compared with placebo: 1.14% (placebo) versus 3.11% (10 mg) versus 5.20% (20 mg); p = 0.009 for the trend. The interaction between ischemic time and alteplase dose was statistically significant (p = 0.018). In patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and an ischemic time ≥4 to 6 h, adjunctive treatment with low-dose intracoronary alteplase during primary percutaneous coronary intervention was associated with increased MVO. Intracoronary alteplase may be harmful for this subgroup. (A Trial of Low-Dose Adjunctive Alteplase During Primary PCI [T-TIME]; NCT02257294)
Evaluation for Heart Transplantation and LVAD Implantation
Authors: Maya Guglin, Mark J. Zucker, Barry A. Borlaug, Erin Breen, Joseph Cleveland, Maryl R. Johnson, Gurusher S. Panjrath, Jignesh K. Patel, Randall C. Starling, Biykem Bozkurt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Cold‐inducible RNA‐binding protein contributes to tissue remodeling in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Li‐Li Shi, Jin Ma, Yi‐Ke Deng, Cai‐Ling Chen, Heng Wang, Ping‐Ping Cao, Xiao‐Bo Long, Ming Zeng, Zheng Liu
Journal: Allergy (2020)

Abstract Background Cold‐inducible RNA‐binding protein (CIRP) is a newly identified damage‐associated molecular pattern molecule. Its roles beyond promoting inflammation and in human diseases are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of CIRP in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Methods Immunohistochemistry, quantitative RT‐PCR, and ELISA were used to detect the expression of CIRP and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in sinonasal mucosal samples and nasal secretions. Human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) and THP‐1 cells, a human monocytic/macrophage cell line, were cultured to explore the regulation of CIRP expression and MMP expression. Results Cytoplasmic CIRP expression in nasal epithelial cells and CD68 + macrophages in sinonasal tissues, and CIRP levels in nasal secretions were significantly increased in both patients with eosinophilic and noneosinophilic CRSwNP as compared to those in control subjects. IL‐4, IL‐13, IL‐10, IL‐17A, TNF‐α, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus group 1, and lipopolysaccharide induced the production and secretion of CIRP from HNECs and macrophages differentiated from THP‐1 cells. CIRP promoted MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, MMP12, and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) production from HNECs, macrophages differentiated from THP‐1 cells, and polyp tissues, which was inhibited by the blocking antibody for Toll‐like receptor 4, but not advanced glycation end products. The expression of MMPs and VEGF‐A in tissues correlated with CIRP levels in nasal secretions in patients with CRSwNP. Conclusions The upregulated production and release of CIRP from nasal epithelial cells and macrophages may contribute to the edema formation in both eosinophilic and noneosinophilic CRSwNP by inducing MMP and VEGF‐A production from epithelial cells and macrophages.
Evolution from small molecule to nano-drug delivery systems: An emerging approach for cancer therapy of ursolic acid
Authors: Jingwei Shao, Yifan Fang, Ruirui Zhao, Fangmin Chen, Mingyue Yang, Jiali Jiang, Zixuan Chen, Xiaotian Yuan, Lee Jia
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2020)

Ursolic acid (UA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, possesses widespread biological and pharmacological activities. However, drawbacks such as low bioavailability, poor targeting and rapid metabolism greatly hinder its further clinical application. Recently, with the development of nanotechnology, various UA nanosystems have emerged as promising strategies for effective cancer therapy. This article reviews various types of UA-based nano-delivery systems, primarily with emphasis placed on novel UA-based carrier-free nano-drugs, which are considered to be innovative methods for cancer therapy. Moreover, this review presents carrier-free nano-drugs that co-assembled of UA and photosensitizers that displayed synergistic antitumor performance. Finally, the article also describes the development and challenges of UA nanosystems for future research in this field. Overall, the information presented in this review will provide new insight into the rational utilization of nano-drugs in cancer therapy.
Clare Gerada: Doctors on the covid-19 front line also need to protect themselves and their colleagues
Authors: Clare Gerada
Journal: BMJ (2020)

I brought more than a fridge magnet back from my recent trip to New York. Unbeknown to me, I also brought back covid-19. I confused the initial symptoms of fatigue with jet lag. I thought that the dry cough was secondary to the effects of the cabin air. However, it was quite clear that a high temperature wasn’t a symptom of jet lag, and very soon after arriving back in the UK I realised that I’d developed the illness that’s been on everyone’s mind for weeks.

The NHS was still routinely testing, although in the community this was only for people who had returned from a list of countries deemed to be high risk. At that time the US was not included among these. However, given my role as a GP and …
TCT-842 Drug-eluting stents for revascularization of infrapopliteal arteries. Updated meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Salvatore Cassese, Gjin Ndrepepa, Gunnar Tepe, Lamin King, Ilka Ott, Heribert Schunkert, Adnan Kastrati, Massimiliano Fusaro
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Abstract 2252: Hemodynamic and Functional Assessment of Mechanical Aortic Valves Using Combined Echocardiography and Multidetector Computed Tomography
Authors: Troy LaBounty, Prachi P Agarwal, Aamer Chughtai, Ella A Kazerooni, Eric Wizauer, David S Bach
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Introduction: Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) can evaluate hemodynamics of mechanical aortic valve replacements (AVR), but may not be able to discriminate causes of suspected valve malfunction. Hypothesis: Combined TTE and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) may enhance hemodynamic and functional evaluation of AVR. Methods: Retrospective assessment of 41 consecutive patients with AVR (27 bi-leaflet, 14 tilting-disc) and both TTE and 64-slice ECG-gated MDCT. Two cardiologists (TTE) and two radiologists (MDCT) independently, blindly evaluated studies. TTE measured cardiac index (CI), mean pressure gradient (MPG), effective orifice area (EOA), aortic insufficiency (AI), and sinotubular area (STA). Energy loss coefficient (ELCo) (correcting EOA for pressure recovery) was calculated: ELCo = (STA*EOA)/(STA-EOA). MDCT measured opening angles (OA), geometrical orifice area (GOA), and STA. Patients with elevated MPG (&gt;15 mm Hg) were assessed for low EOA, low OA (&gt;20° below specification), patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM) (EOA/body surface area &lt;0.85 cm 2 /m 2 ), high CI (&gt;4.0 L/min/m 2 ), and AI. Results: There was excellent correlation but a significant difference between the EOA and ELCo (r=0.97, p&lt;0.001; 2.2 ± 0.8 vs. 3.1 ± 1.5 cm 2 , p&lt;0.001). GOA was larger than and only moderately correlated with EOA (r=0.61, p&lt;0.001; 3.6 ± 0.9 vs. 2.2 ± 0.8 cm 2 , p&lt;0.001), with a smaller difference between GOA and ELCo (r=0.55, p&lt;0.001; 3.6 ± 0.9 vs. 3.1 ± 1.5 cm 2 , p&lt;0.001). Elevated MPG was observed in 16 patients, with a low EOA in 2 of these patients. Additional potential etiologies of elevated MPG included PPM in 8 patients and high CI in 4 patients; no patient had a low OA or &gt; mild AI. Either PPM or high CI could be attributed to 12 of 16 patients with elevated gradients, while these were observed 7 of 27 patients with normal gradients (p=0.004). Conclusion: MDCT is additive to the hemodynamic assessment from TTE, allowing for complete assessment of mechanical AVR hemodynamics and function, including detection of prosthesis OA, and enhances correction for pressure recovery using ELCo. Among patients with elevated gradient on TTE, MDCT allows further assessment to distinguish abnormal prosthesis function from other etiologies including PPM and pressure recovery.
The biological implications of Yin Yang 1 in the hallmarks of cancer
Authors: Ian Timothy Sembiring Meliala, Rendy Hosea, Vivi Kasim, Shourong Wu
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Tumorigenesis is a multistep process characterized by the acquisition of genetic and epigenetic alterations.During the course of malignancy development, tumor cells acquire several features that allow them to survive and adapt to the stress-related conditions of the tumor microenvironment.These properties, which are known as hallmarks of cancer, include uncontrolled cell proliferation, metabolic reprogramming, tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune system evasion.Zinc-finger protein Yin Yang 1 (YY1) regulates numerous genes involved in cell death, cell cycle, cellular metabolism, and inflammatory response.YY1 is highly expressed in many cancers, whereby it is associated with cell proliferation, survival, and metabolic reprogramming.Furthermore, recent studies also have demonstrated the important role of YY1-related non-coding RNAs in acquiring cancer-specific characteristics.Therefore, these YY1-related non-coding RNAs are also crucial for YY1-mediated tumorigenesis.Herein, we summarize recent progress with respect to YY1 and its biological implications in the context of hallmarks of cancer.
The “Ought-Is” Problem: An Implementation Science Framework for Translating Ethical Norms Into Practice
Authors: Bryan A. Sisk, Jessica Mozersky, Alison L. Antes, James M. DuBois
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2020)

We argue that once a normative claim is developed, there is an imperative to effect changes based on this norm. As such, ethicists should adopt an “implementation mindset” when formulating norms, and collaborate with others who have the expertise needed to implement policies and practices. To guide this translation of norms into practice, we propose a framework that incorporates implementation science into ethics. Implementation science is a discipline dedicated to supporting the sustained enactment of interventions. We further argue that implementation principles should be integrated into the development of specific normative claims as well as the enactment of these norms. Ethicists formulating a specific norm should consider whether that norm can feasibly be enacted because the resultant specific norm will directly affect the types of interventions subsequently developed. To inform this argument, we will describe the fundamental principles of implementation science, using informed consent to research participation as an illustration.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome-attributable mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis
Authors: Catherine L. Auriemma, Hanjing Zhuo, Kevin Delucchi, Thomas Deiss, Tom Liu, Alejandra Jauregui, Serena Ke, Kathryn Vessel, Matthew Lippi, Eric Seeley, Kirsten N. Kangelaris, Antonio Gomez, Carolyn Hendrickson, Kathleen D. Liu, Michael A. Matthay, Lorraine B. Ware, Carolyn S. Calfee
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2020)
OPERATOR RADIATION EXPOSURE AND PHYSICAL DISCOMFORT DURING A RIGHT VERSUS LEFT RADIAL APPROACH FOR CORONARY INTERVENTIONS: A RANDOMIZED EVALUATION
Authors: Ambar Patel, Herman Kado, Siva Suryadevara, Dominick Angiolillo, Lyndon Box, Martin Zenni, Theodore Bass, Luis Guzman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China
Authors: L. Zhang, F. Zhu, L. Xie, C. Wang, J. Wang, R. Chen, P. Jia, H.Q. Guan, L. Peng, Y. Chen, P. Peng, P. Zhang, Q. Chu, Q. Shen, Y. Wang, S.Y. Xu, J.P. Zhao, M. Zhou
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
IL-23, but not IL-12, plays a critical role in inflammation-mediated bone disorders
Authors: Jiajia Xu, Jiao Li, Yiming Hu, Kerong Dai, Yaokai Gan, Jingyu Zhao, Mingjian Huang, Xiaoling Zhang
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-23 are thought to have central roles in inflammation and are critical to pathologies associated with inflammation-induced bone disorders. The deletion of IL-12p40 (a common subunit of IL-12 and IL-23) can improve bone regeneration. However, the relative roles of IL-12 and IL-23 in bone disorders are largely unknown. Methods: Ectopic bone formation and skull defect models were established to evaluate the relative roles of IL-12 and IL-23 in inflammatory bone disorders. Differences in bone mass among WT, IL-12p35-/-, and IL-12p40-/- mice (young and elderly) were detected by micro-CT. Osteogenic and osteoclastic activities were explored using ELISA, qRT-PCR, and histological analysis. Moreover, the mechanisms by which IL-12 and IL-23 regulated the differentiation of BMMSCs and RAW264.7 cells were explored using Alizarin Red and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining in vitro. Apilimod was used to inhibit IL-12 and IL-23 production in vivo. Results: Mice deficient in IL-12p40 promoted bone formation and protected against aging-related bone loss. By contrast, bone loss was aggravated in IL-12-/- mice, suggesting that IL-23 may play a dominant role in inflammation-related bone disorders. Mechanistically, IL-12 and IL-23 coupled osteogenesis and osteoclastic activities to regulate bone homeostasis and repair. IL-23 deficiency increased bone formation and inhibited bone resorption. Finally, apilimod treatment significantly improved bone regeneration and calvarial defect repair. Conclusion: These data collectively uncover a previously unrecognized role of IL-23 in skeletal tissue engineering. Thus, IL-23 can act as a biomarker to predict diseases and treatment efficacy, and apilimod can be used as an effective therapeutic drug to combat inflammatory bone disorders.
LONG-TERM OUTCOME AFTER MEDICAL AND INVASIVE TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Pieter A. Vriesendorp, Max Liebregts, Robbert Steggerda, Arend Schinkel, Rik Willems, Folkert Ten Cate, Johan van Cleemput, Jurrien Ten Berg, Michelle Michels
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Abstract 13733: Validation of a Deep Learning-Enabled Electrocardiogram Algorithm to Detect and Predict Cardiac Contractile Dysfunction in the Community
Authors: Jose R Medina-Inojosa, Itzhak Zachi Attia, Suraj Kapa, Peter A Noseworthy, Paul M McKie, Patricia A Pellikka, Richard J Rodeheffer, Paul Friedman, Francisco Lopez-jimenez
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and heart failure but is underdiagnosed. We validated a deep learning algorithm designed t...
IMPACT OF INSTITUTIONAL AND OPERATOR VOLUME ON SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES OF PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: A REPORT FROM JAPANESE NATIONWIDE REGISTRY
Authors: Taku Inohara, Shun Kohsaka, Kyohei Yamaji, Tetsuya Amano, Kenshi Fujii, Hirotaka Oda, Shiro Uemura, Kazushige Kadota, Hiroaki Miyata, Masato Nakamura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Associations Between Screen Use and Child Language Skills
Authors: Sheri Madigan, Brae Anne McArthur, Ciana Anhorn, Rachel Eirich, Dimitri A. Christakis
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> There is considerable public and scientific debate as to whether screen use helps or hinders early child development, particularly the development of language skills. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine via meta-analyses the associations between quantity (duration of screen time and background television), quality (educational programming and co-viewing), and onset of screen use and children's language skills. <h3>Data Sources</h3> Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO in March 2019. The search strategy included a publication date limit from 1960 through March 2019. <h3>Study Selection</h3> Inclusion criteria were a measure of screen use; a measure of language skills; and statistical data that could be transformed into an effect size. Exclusion criteria were qualitative studies; child age older than 12 years; and language assessment preverbal. <h3>Data Extraction and Synthesis</h3> The following variables were extracted: effect size, child age and sex, screen measure type, study publication year, and study design. All studies were independently coded by 2 coders and conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Based on a priori study criteria, quantity of screen use included duration of screen time and background television, quality of screen use included co-viewing and exposure to educational programs, and onset of screen use was defined as the age children first began viewing screens. The child language outcome included assessments of receptive and/or expressive language. <h3>Results</h3> Participants totaled 18 905 from 42 studies included. Effect sizes were measured as correlations (<i>r</i>). Greater quantity of screen use (hours per use) was associated with lower language skills (screen time [n = 38;<i>r</i> = −0.14; 95% CI, −0.18 to −0.10]; background television [n = 5;<i>r</i> = −0.19; 95% CI, −0.33 to −0.05]), while better-quality screen use (educational programs [n = 13;<i>r</i> = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.02-0.24]; co-viewing [n = 12;<i>r</i> = 0.16; 95% CI, 0.07-.24]) were associated with stronger child language skills. Later age at screen use onset was also associated with stronger child language skills [n = 4;<i>r</i> = 0.17; 95% CI, 0.07-0.27]. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The findings of this meta-analysis support pediatric recommendations to limit children's duration of screen exposure, to select high-quality programming, and to co-view when possible.
Covid-19: a remote assessment in primary care
Authors: Trisha Greenhalgh, Gerald Choon Huat Koh, Josip Car
Journal: BMJ (2020)

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Admixture-enabled selection for rapid adaptive evolution in the Americas
Authors: Emily T. Norris, Lavanya Rishishwar, Aroon T. Chande, Andrew B. Conley, Kaixiong Ye, Augusto Valderrama-Aguirre, I. King Jordan
Journal: Genome biology (2020)

Admixture occurs when previously isolated populations come together and exchange genetic material. We hypothesize that admixture can enable rapid adaptive evolution in human populations by introducing novel genetic variants (haplotypes) at intermediate frequencies, and we test this hypothesis through the analysis of whole genome sequences sampled from admixed Latin American populations in Colombia, Mexico, Peru, and Puerto Rico.