tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Continuous Heart Volume Monitoring by Fully Implantable Soft Strain Sensor
Authors: Seraina A. Dual, Byron Llerena Zambrano, Simon Sündermann, Nikola Cesarovic, Mareike Kron, Konstantinos Magkoutas, Julian Hengsteler, Volkmar Falk, Christoph Starck, Mirko Meboldt, János Vörös, Marianne Schmid Daners
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Cardiothoracic open‐heart surgery has revolutionized the treatment of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. After the surgery, hemodynamic and volume management can be complicated, for example in case of vasoplegia after endocarditis. Timely treatment is crucial for outcomes. Currently, treatment decisions are made based on heart volume, which needs to be measured manually by the clinician each time using ultrasound. Alternatively, implantable sensors offer a real‐time window into the dynamic function of our body. Here it is shown that a soft flexible sensor, made with biocompatible materials, implanted on the surface of the heart, can provide continuous information of the heart volume after surgery. The sensor works robustly for a period of two days on a tensile machine. The accuracy of measuring heart volume is improved compared to the clinical gold standard in vivo, with an error of 7.1 mL for the strain sensor versus impedance and 14.0 mL versus ultrasound. Implanting such a sensor would provide essential, continuous information on heart volume in the critical time following the surgery, allowing early identification of complications, facilitating treatment, and hence potentially improving patient outcome.
Reconfiguring Medical Education
Authors: Daniel Yim
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Correction: Quantification of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity by spectrophotometry: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Daniel A. Pfeffer, Benedikt Ley, Rosalind E. Howes, Patrick Adu, Mohammad Shafiul Alam, Pooja Bansil, Yap Boum, Marcelo Brito, Pimlak Charoenkwan, Archie Clements, Liwang Cui, Zeshuai Deng, Ochaka Julie Egesie, Fe Esperanza Espino, Michael E. von Fricken, Muzamil Mahdi Abdel Hamid, Yongshu He, Gisela Henriques, Wasif Ali Khan, Nimol Khim, Saorin Kim, Marcus Lacerda, Chanthap Lon, Asrat Hailu Mekuria, Didier Menard, Wuelton Monteiro, François Nosten, Nwe Nwe Oo, Sampa Pal, Duangdao Palasuwan, Sunil Parikh, Ayodhia Pitaloka Pasaribu, Jeanne Rini Poespoprodjo, David J. Price, Arantxa Roca-Feltrer, Michelle E. Roh, David L. Saunders, Michele D. Spring, Inge Sutanto, Kamala LeyThriemer, Thomas A. Weppelmann, Lorenz von Seidlein, Ari Winasti Satyagraha, Germana Bancone, Gonzalo J. Domingo, Ric N. Price
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2020)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003084.].
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Metformin Action
Authors: Traci E LaMoia, Gerald I Shulman
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2020)

Metformin is a first-line therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, due to its robust glucose-lowering effects, well-established safety profile, and relatively low cost. While metformin has been shown to have pleotropic effects on glucose metabolism, there is a general consensus that the major glucose-lowering effect in patients with type 2 diabetes is mostly mediated through inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis. However, despite decades of research, the mechanism by which metformin inhibits this process is still highly debated. A key reason for these discrepant effects is likely due to the inconsistency in dosage of metformin across studies. Widely studied mechanisms of action, such as complex I inhibition leading to AMPK activation, have only been observed in the context of supra-pharmacological (>1 mM) metformin concentrations, which do not occur in the clinical setting. Thus, these mechanisms have been challenged in recent years and new mechanisms have been proposed. Based on the observation that metformin alters cellular redox balance, a redox-dependent mechanism of action has been described by several groups. Recent studies have shown that clinically relevant (50-100 μM) concentrations of metformin inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis in a substrate-selective manner both in vitro and in vivo, supporting a redox-dependent mechanism of metformin action. Here, we review the current literature regarding metformin's cellular and molecular mechanisms of action.
AsiDNA Is a Radiosensitizer with no Added Toxicity in Medulloblastoma Pediatric Models
Authors: Sofia Ferreira, Chloe Foray, Alberto Gatto, Magalie Larcher, Sophie Heinrich, Mihaela Lupu, Joel Mispelter, François D. Boussin, Célio Pouponnot, Marie Dutreix
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Medulloblastoma is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in pediatric oncology. Here, we investigated whether the DNA repair inhibitor, AsiDNA, could help address a significant unmet clinical need in medulloblastoma care, by improving radiotherapy efficacy without increasing radiation-associated toxicity.To evaluate the brain permeability of AsiDNA upon systemic delivery, we intraperitoneally injected a fluorescence form of AsiDNA in models harboring brain tumors and in models still in development. Studies evaluated toxicity associated with combination of AsiDNA with radiation in the treatment of young developing animals at subacute levels, related to growth and development, and at chronic levels, related to brain organization and cognitive skills. Efficacy of the combination of AsiDNA with radiation was tested in two different preclinical xenografted models of high-risk medulloblastoma and in a panel of medulloblastoma cell lines from different molecular subgroups and TP53 status. Role of TP53 on the AsiDNA-mediated radiosensitization was analyzed by RNA-sequencing, DNA repair recruitment, and cell death assays.Capable of penetrating young brain tissues, AsiDNA showed no added toxicity to radiation. Combination of AsiDNA with radiotherapy improved the survival of animal models more efficiently than increasing radiation doses. Medulloblastoma radiosensitization by AsiDNA was not restricted to a specific molecular group or status of TP53. Molecular mechanisms of AsiDNA, previously observed in adult malignancies, were conserved in pediatric models and resembled dose increase when combined with irradiation.Our results suggest that AsiDNA is an attractive candidate to improve radiotherapy in medulloblastoma, with no indication of additional toxicity in developing brain tissues.
Risk of appendicitis after endoscopic full-thickness resection of lesions involving the appendiceal orifice: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Simone Schmidbaur, Andreas Wannhoff, Benjamin Walter, Benjamin Meier, Claus Schäfer, Alexander Meining, Karel Caca
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Abstract Background Conventional endoscopic resection of lesions affecting the appendiceal orifice is difficult. Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) is a novel technique in interventional endoscopy. As EFTR near the appendiceal orifice is associated with a subtotal appendectomy, it remains unclear whether the risk of developing appendicitis is increased. We conducted a retrospective analysis of lesions involving the appendiceal orifice treated by EFTR. Methods This was a multicenter retrospective analysis of patients (n = 50) treated with EFTR for lesions involving the appendiceal orifice between 2014 and 2019. The objective was to evaluate the occurrence of appendicitis. Results Acute appendicitis occurred in seven patients (14 %) during follow-up. Conservative treatment was sufficient in four cases, and three patients underwent appendectomy. Conclusions EFTR of lesions involving the appendiceal orifice may be associated with an imminent risk of developing appendicitis and a consecutive need for appendectomy. Patients should be informed about this specific risk prior to resection. It is unclear why some patients develop appendicitis while the majority remains asymptomatic.
Reassuring the Public and Clinical Community About the Scientific Review and Approval of a COVID-19 Vaccine
Authors: Howard Bauchner, Preeti N. Malani, Joshua Sharfstein
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Public perception of the review of medications and vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become enmeshed in politics.The pressure on the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Commissioner Stephen Hahn, MD, to approve the broad use of a COVID-19 vaccine in the coming months will be immense.However, a lack of clarity about the agency's approachcoupled with a stream of announcements from various federal agencies and pharmaceutical companies-has led to confusion and concern.Greater clarity and transparency about the review process as well as the full engagement of the relevant federal advisory committees can inspire understanding and trust.
INEQUITY IN BIOLOGIC DMARD PRESCRIPTION FOR SPA ACROSS THE GLOBE. RESULTS FROM THE ASAS COMOSPA STUDY
Authors: E. Nikiphorou, D. van der Heijde, S. Norton, R. Landewe, A. Molto, M. Dougados, F. van den Bosch, S. Ramiro
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)
Don’t torment me with hope
Authors: Alexandra Filby
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Don't torment me with hopeAlexandra Filby describes the last few weeks of her father's life and the importance of pre-emptive conversations about end-of-life care. Alexandra FilbyThe clinician who told us that my father's cancer had returned was professional, sympathetic, and paused appropriately.Only seven weeks earlier, we had been gratefully celebrating the success of my father's treatment.But, too soon, a dull pain in his pelvis had brought us back to the hospital.I had prepared myself to hear that nothing could be done.
High-Flow Oxygen with Capping or Suctioning for Tracheostomy Decannulation
Authors: Gonzalo Hernández Martínez, Maria-Luisa Rodriguez, Maria-Concepción Vaquero, Ramón Ortiz, Joan-Ramon Masclans, Oriol Roca, Laura Colinas, Raul de Pablo, Maria-del-Carmen Espinosa, Marina Garcia-de-Acilu, Cristina Climent, Rafael Cuena-Boy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

When patients with a tracheostomy tube reach a stage in their care at which decannulation appears to be possible, it is common practice to cap the tracheostomy tube for 24 hours to see whether they can breathe on their own. Whether this approach to establishing patient readiness for decannulation leads to better outcomes than one based on the frequency of airway suctioning is unclear.In five intensive care units (ICUs), we enrolled conscious, critically ill adults who had a tracheostomy tube; patients were eligible after weaning from mechanical ventilation. In this unblinded trial, patients were randomly assigned either to undergo a 24-hour capping trial plus intermittent high-flow oxygen therapy (control group) or to receive continuous high-flow oxygen therapy with frequency of suctioning being the indicator of readiness for decannulation (intervention group). The primary outcome was the time to decannulation, compared by means of the log-rank test. Secondary outcomes included decannulation failure, weaning failure, respiratory infections, sepsis, multiorgan failure, durations of stay in the ICU and hospital, and deaths in the ICU and hospital.The trial included 330 patients; the mean (±SD) age of the patients was 58.3±15.1 years, and 68.2% of the patients were men. A total of 161 patients were assigned to the control group and 169 to the intervention group. The time to decannulation was shorter in the intervention group than in the control group (median, 6 days [interquartile range, 5 to 7] vs. 13 days [interquartile range, 11 to 14]; absolute difference, 7 days [95% confidence interval, 5 to 9]). The incidence of pneumonia and tracheobronchitis was lower, and the duration of stay in the hospital shorter, in the intervention group than in the control group. Other secondary outcomes were similar in the two groups.Basing the decision to decannulate on suctioning frequency plus continuous high-flow oxygen therapy rather than on 24-hour capping trials plus intermittent high-flow oxygen therapy reduced the time to decannulation, with no evidence of a between-group difference in the incidence of decannulation failure. (REDECAP ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02512744.).
Mediterranean Diet and Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Findings From the French E3N‐EPIC Cohort Study
Authors: Yann Nguyen, Carine Salliot, Amandine Gelot, Juliette Gambaretti, Xavier Mariette, Marie‐Christine Boutron‐Ruault, Raphaèle Seror
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2020)

Objective The Mediterranean diet has been reported to be associated with a significant reduction in risk of noncommunicable diseases. We undertook this study to assess the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), especially in high‐risk individuals. Methods The E3N study (Etude Epidémiologique Auprès des Femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale) is a French prospective cohort study that has included 98,995 women since 1990. Dietary data were collected via a validated food frequency questionnaire in 1993. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using a 9‐unit dietary score evaluating consumption of vegetables, legumes, cereal products, fish, meat, dairy products, olive oil, and alcohol. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for incident RA were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for age and the main potential confounders, including smoking. Results Among 62,629 women, we identified 480 incident cases of RA. In the entire study population, the Mediterranean diet adherence score was not associated with RA risk (HR 0.86 [95% CI 0.67–1.09] for high score versus low score; P for trend = 0.09); however, among ever‐smokers, a higher score was associated with a decreased risk of RA (HR 0.91 [95% CI 0.84–0.99] for 1‐point increase in score; P = 0.03). In ever‐smokers, the absolute risks of RA in those with high scores and those with low scores were 38.3 and 51.5 per 100,000 person‐years, respectively, compared to 35.8 per 100,000 person‐years in never‐smokers with high Mediterranean diet scores. Conclusion Our results suggest that adherence to the Mediterranean diet could reduce the high risk of RA among ever‐smoking women. Our results must be confirmed in future research.
Response to: ‘Correspondence on ‘Lung involvement in macrophage activation syndrome and severe COVID-19: results from a cross-sectional study to assess clinical, laboratory and artificial intelligence–radiological differences’ by Ruscitti<i>et al</i>’ by Chen<i>et al</i>
Authors: Piero Ruscitti, Federico Bruno, Onorina Berardicurti, Chiara Acanfora, Viktoriya Pavlych, Pierpaolo Palumbo, Alessandro Conforti, Francesco Carubbi, Ilenia Di Cola, Paola Di Benedetto, Paola Cipriani, Davide Grassi, Carlo Masciocchi, Annamaria Iagnocco, Antonio Barile, Roberto Giacomelli
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

<h3>Introduction</h3> <i>Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato</i> (<i>Bb</i>) infection, the most frequent tick-transmitted disease, is distributed worldwide. This study aimed to describe the global seroprevalence and sociodemographic characteristics of <i>Bb</i> in human populations. <h3>Methods</h3> We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and other sources for relevant studies of all study designs through 30 December 2021 with the following keywords: ‘<i>Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato</i>’ AND ‘infection rate’; and observational studies were included if the results of human <i>Bb</i> antibody seroprevalence surveys were reported, the laboratory serological detection method reported and be published in a peer-reviewed journal. We screened titles/abstracts and full texts of papers and appraised the risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration-endorsed Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Data were synthesised narratively, stratified by different types of outcomes. We also conducted random effects meta-analysis where we had a minimum of two studies with 95% CIs reported. The study protocol has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021261362). <h3>Results</h3> Of 4196 studies, 137 were eligible for full-text screening, and 89 (158 287 individuals) were included in meta-analyses. The reported estimated global <i>Bb</i> seroprevalence was 14.5% (95% CI 12.8% to 16.3%), and the top three regions of <i>Bb</i> seroprevalence were Central Europe (20.7%, 95% CI 13.8% to 28.6%), Eastern Asia (15.9%, 95% CI 6.6% to 28.3%) and Western Europe (13.5%, 95% CI 9.5% to 18.0%). Meta-regression analysis showed that after eliminating confounding risk factors, the methods lacked western blotting (WB) confirmation and increased the risk of false-positive <i>Bb</i> antibody detection compared with the methods using WB confirmation (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.2). Other factors associated with <i>Bb</i> seropositivity include age ≥50 years (12.6%, 95% CI 8.0% to 18.1%), men (7.8%, 95% CI 4.6% to 11.9%), residence of rural area (8.4%, 95% CI 5.0% to 12.6%) and suffering tick bites (18.8%, 95% CI 10.1% to 29.4%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The reported estimated global <i>Bb</i> seropositivity is relatively high, with the top three regions as Central Europe, Western Europe and Eastern Asia. Using the WB to confirm <i>Bb</i> serological results could significantly improve the accuracy. More studies are needed to improve the accuracy of global Lyme borreliosis burden estimates. <h3>PROSPERO registration number</h3> CRD42021261362.
A digital health intervention for cardiovascular disease management in primary care (CONNECT) randomized controlled trial
Authors: Julie Redfern, Genevieve Coorey, John Mulley, Anish Scaria, Lis Neubeck, Nashid Hafiz, Chris Pitt, Kristie Weir, Joanna Forbes, Sharon Parker, Fiona Bampi, Alison Coenen, Gemma Enright, Annette Wong, Theresa Nguyen, Mark Harris, Nick Zwar, Clara K. Chow, Anthony Rodgers, Emma Heeley, Katie Panaretto, Annie Lau, Noel Hayman, Tim Usherwood, David Peiris
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2020)

Abstract Digital health applications (apps) have the potential to improve health behaviors and outcomes. We aimed to examine the effectiveness of a consumer web-based app linked to primary care electronic health records (EHRs). CONNECT was a multicenter randomized controlled trial involving patients with or at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) recruited from primary care (Clinical Trial registration ACTRN12613000715774). Intervention participants received an interactive app which was pre-populated and refreshed with EHR risk factor data, diagnoses and, medications. Interactive risk calculators, motivational messages and lifestyle goal tracking were also included. Control group received usual health care. Primary outcome was adherence to guideline-recommended medications (≥80% of days covered for blood pressure (BP) and statin medications). Secondary outcomes included attainment of risk factor targets and eHealth literacy. In total, 934 patients were recruited; mean age 67.6 (±8.1) years. At 12 months, the proportion with &gt;80% days covered with recommended medicines was low overall and there was no difference between the groups (32.8% vs. 29.9%; relative risk [RR] 1.07 [95% CI, 0.88–1.20] p = 0.49). There was borderline improvement in the proportion meeting BP and LDL targets in intervention vs. control (17.1% vs. 12.1% RR 1.40 [95% CI, 0.97–2.03] p = 0.07). The intervention was associated with increased attainment of physical activity targets (87.0% intervention vs. 79.7% control, p = 0.02) and e-health literacy scores (72.6% intervention vs. 64.0% control, p = 0.02). In conclusion, a consumer app integrated with primary health care EHRs was not effective in increasing medication adherence. Borderline improvements in risk factors and modest behavior changes were observed.
A patient-based model of RNA mis-splicing uncovers treatment targets in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Ibrahim Boussaad, Carolin D. Obermaier, Zoé Hanss, Dheeraj R. Bobbili, Silvia Bolognin, Enrico Glaab, Katarzyna Wołyńska, Nicole Weisschuh, Laura De Conti, Caroline May, Florian Giesert, Dajana Grossmann, Annika Lambert, Susanne Kirchen, Maria Biryukov, Lena F. Burbulla, Francois Massart, Jill Bohler, Gérald Cruciani, Benjamin Schmid, Annerose Kurz-Drexler, Patrick May, Stefano Duga, Christine Klein, Jens C. Schwamborn, Katrin Marcus, Dirk Woitalla, Daniela M. Vogt Weisenhorn, Wolfgang Wurst, Marco Baralle, Dimitri Krainc, Thomas Gasser, Bernd Wissinger, Rejko Krüger
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2020)

The genetic and pharmacological rescue of pathogenic U1-dependent exon skipping in c.192G&gt;C PARK7 restores PD-associated cellular abnormalities in vitro.
Linear epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein elicit neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Yang Li, Dan-yun Lai, Hai-nan Zhang, He-wei Jiang, Xiaolong Tian, Ming-liang Ma, Huan Qi, Qing-feng Meng, Shu-juan Guo, Yanling Wu, Wei Wang, Xiao Yang, Da-wei Shi, Jun-biao Dai, Tianlei Ying, Jie Zhou, Sheng-ce Tao
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2020)

ARS-CoV-2 outbreak is a world-wide pandemic. The Spike protein plays central role in cell entry of the virus, and triggers significant immuno-response. Our understanding of the immune-response against S protein is still very limited. Herein, we constructed a peptide microarray and analyzed 55 convalescent sera, three areas with rich linear epitopes were identified. Potent neutralizing antibodies enriched from sera by 3 peptides, which do not belong to RBD were revealed.
Mapping the co-benefits of climate change action to issues of public concern in the UK: a narrative review
Authors: Neil Jennings, Daniela Fecht, Sara De Matteis
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2020)

To avoid a 1·5°C rise in global temperatures above preindustrial levels, the next phase of reductions in greenhouse gas emissions will need to be comparatively rapid. Linking the co-benefits of climate action to wider issues that the public are concerned about can help decision makers to prioritise decarbonisation options that increase the chance of public support for such changes, while ensuring that a just transition is delivered. We identified key issues of concern to the UK public by use of Ipsos MORI public opinion data from 2007 to 2020 and used these data to guide a narrative review of academic and grey literature on the co-benefits of climate change action for the UK. Correspondence with civil servants, third sector organisations, and relevant academics allowed us to identify omissions and to ensure policy relevance of the recommendations. This evidence-based Review of the various co-benefits of climate change action for the UK identifies four main areas: health and the National Health Service; security; economy and unemployment; and poverty, housing, and inequality. Associated trade-offs are also discussed. City-level and regional-level governments are particularly well placed to incorporate co-benefits into their decision making because it is at this scale that co-benefits most clearly manifest, and where interventions can have the most immediate effects.