tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 12831: The Relationship Among Local Epicardial Adipose Tissue, Coronary Intraplaque Microluminal Structure, and Coronary Plaque Formation -A Fresh Cadaveric Study-
Authors: Yutaka Kawabata, Tetsuzo Wakatsuki, Koji Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki Ito, Tomomi Matsuura, Takayuki Ise, Kenya Kusunose, Takeshi Tobiume, Shusuke Yagi, Hirotsugu Yamada, Daiju Fukuda, Takeshi Soeki, Masataka Sata
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Backgrounds: It was demonstrated that coronary intraplaque microluminal structure(MS)was associated with plaque vulnerability and progression. Previous reports also showed an inward progression of ...
AB0725 FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH RADIOGRAPHIC SPINAL INVOLVEMENT IN SPONDYLOARTHRITIS
Authors: M. Slouma, S. Rahmouni, R. Dhahri, I. Gharsallah, N. Boussetta, H. Gueddich, F. Ajili, L. Metoui, B. Louzir
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is characterized by significant radiographic changes in the spine. The structural spine damage can be assessed using several scorings such as the Bath AS Radiology Index (BASRI) and the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS). Objectives: We aimed to identify factors associated with structural damage in the spine using these scores. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study including patients with SpA diagnosed according to the assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society criteria. To assess the radiographic involvement of the spine, we used the mSASSS, the BASRI-spine (BASRI-S), the BASRI-lumber (BASRI-L) and the BASRI-cervical (BASRI-C). Disease activity was assessed using the BASDAI and ASDAS-CRP. Results: Among the 112 patients, 72.32% were men. The mean age was 43.78 ± 12,91 years. The mean age at diagnosis was 37.8 ± 13.45 years. The diagnostic delay of 37,8 ± 46 months. Forty-nine patients were smockers (43.8%). The mean BASDAI score and ASDAS–CRP score were 4.04 ± 1.99 and 3.30 ± 0.87. The mean ESR and CRP were 36.21 ± 27 (mm/H) and 31.28 ± 47.25 mg/L The mean BASRI-S was 3,99 ± 21,96 and the mean mSASSS was 10,26 ± 15,41. Twenty-five patients (22.3%) had non-radiographic axial SpA. Men had higher BARSI-L (1.36 vs 0.7, p= 0.045) and BASRI-S (4.3 vs 3.09; p=0.047) than women. Moreover, smokers’ patients had higher mSASSS (14.07 vs 7.02; p=0.031), BASRI-C (1.23 vs 0.62; p=0.031), and BASRI-S (4.82 vs 3.35; p= 0.009) than nonsmokers’ patients. A positive correlation was noted between age and BASRI-C (r= 0.260, p=0.012). There was no correlation between age at the onset of SpA and structural spine damage. We found a positive correlation between disease duration and the following scores: BASRI-C (r=0.245, p=0.018) and BASRI-S (r=0.274, p=0.003). Patients with non-radiographic axial SpA had lower mSASSS (4.05 vs 12.14; p=0.034), BASRI-s (1.2 vs 4.9; p&lt; 10-3), and BASRI-L (0.42 vs 1.4; p=0.003) than patients with radiographic axial SpA. There was no correlation between the radiographic index and BASDAI and ASDAS-CRP. Conclusion: We confirmed previous observations that male gender, smoking and disease duration are associated with structural damage in the spine [1]. However, CRP and other inflammatory biomarkers were not associated with radiographic evidence of spine involvement. As observed in previous studies, the radiographic spine damage did not correlate with disease activity (BASDAI) [1]. References: [1]Sari I, Haroon N. Radiographic Progression in Ankylosing Spondylitis: From Prognostication to Disease Modification. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2018 Nov 8;20(12):82. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Reopening K-12 Schools During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kenne A. Dibner, Heidi A. Schweingruber, Dimitri A. Christakis
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Katherine A. Auger, MD, MSc; Samir S. Shah, MD, MSCE; Troy Richardson, PhD; David Hartley, PhD, MPH; Matthew Hall, PhD; Amanda Warniment, MD; Kristen Timmons, MS; Dianna Bosse, BA; Sarah A. Ferris, BA; Patrick W. Brady, MD, MSc; Amanda C. Schondelmeyer, MD, MSc; Joanna E. Thomson, MD, MPH
Rosai-Dorfman Disease of the Right Atrium Revealed by FDG PET/CT
Authors: Guozhu Hou, Qingqing Pan, Ruixue Cui, Fang Li, Wuying Cheng
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract Rosai-Dorfman disease, or sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, is an uncommon histiocytic disorder, which is rare and typically occurs in lymph nodes. However, one third of the cases manifest as extranodal disease. The cardiac involvement of this disease is extremely rare. We reported here the FDG PET/CT findings of a pathologically confirmed Rosai-Dorfman disease occurring in the right atrium in a 60-year-old man.
MicroRNA-342-3p is a potent tumour suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ronja-Melinda Komoll, Qingluan Hu, Olaniyi Olarewaju, Lena von Döhlen, Qinggong Yuan, Yu Xie, Hsin-Chieh Tsay, Joel Daon, Renyi Qin, Michael P. Manns, Amar Deep Sharma, Andrei Goga, Michael Ott, Asha Balakrishnan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Primary Pancreatic Lymphoma on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Peipei Wang, Xin Cheng, Li Huo, Fang Li
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract A 69-year-old man underwent FDG PET/CT to evaluate a right upper abdominal mass. The images showed peripherally increased activity with central photopenic region in the head of the pancreas, which was consistent with pancreatic malignancy. Histopathologic findings showed characteristic findings of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The activity was diminished on follow-up PET/CT after 8 courses of chemotherapy.
Abstract IA20: Neuronal activity promotes proliferation of normal and neoplastic glial cells
Authors: Michelle Monje
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Neuronal activity regulates the proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells during development and in adulthood. In the healthy brain, this results in activity-regulated plasticity of myelination and subsequent modulation of neural circuit function evident in oligodendrogenesis-dependent behavioral changes. The robust mitogenic effect of neuronal activity on normal neural precursor and oligodendroglial precursor cells, a putative cellular origin of pediatric high-grade gliomas (HGG), suggests that dysregulated or “hijacked” mechanisms of myelin plasticity might similarly promote proliferation in this devastating group of childhood brain cancers. Using in vivo and in situ optogenetic techniques together with patient-derived high-grade glioma cell cultures and xenograft models, we have demonstrated that neuronal activity similarly promotes proliferation and growth of both pediatric and adult high-grade glioma subtypes. Crucial mechanisms mediating activity-regulated high-grade glioma growth include secretion of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and the synaptic protein neuroligin-3 (NLGN3), which induces multiple oncogenic signaling pathways together with robust changes in synaptic gene expression in glioma cells. Nlgn3 is necessary for the growth of high-grade glioma xenografts in the mouse brain, and NLGN3 expression levels in human HGG negatively correlate with patient overall survival. Thus, neuronal activity not only modulates the structure and function of the brain’s myelinated infrastructure, but neurons also play an important role in the brain tumor microenvironment, with activity-regulated secretion of NLGN3 emerging as an unexpected and therapeutically targetable mechanism underlying axon-glioma interactions and promoting neuronal activity-regulated cancer growth. References: Gibson EM, Purger D, Mount CW, Goldstein AK, Lin GL, Inema I, Miller SE, Bieri G, Zuchero JB, Barres BA, Woo PJ, Vogel H, Monje M. Neuronal activity promotes adaptive oligodendrogenesis and myelination in the mammalian brain. Science 2014;344 (6183):487; 344:1252304. Venkatesh HS, Johung T, Caretti V, Noll A, Tang Y, Nagaraja S, Gibson EM, Mount CW, Pollepalli J, Mitra SS, Woo PJ, Malenka RM, Vogel H, Bredel M, Mallick P, Monje M. Neuronal activity promotes glioma growth through neuroligin-3 secretion, Cell 2015;161(4):803-16. Venkatesh HS, Tam LT, Woo PJ, Nagaraja S, Gillespe SM, Lennon J, Ni J, Duveau DY, Morris PJ, Zhao JJ, Thomas CJ, Monje M. Targeting neuronal activity-regulated neuroligin-3 dependency for high-grade glioma, Nature 2017;549:533-37. Citation Format: Michelle Monje. Neuronal activity promotes proliferation of normal and neoplastic glial cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 17-20; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(14 Suppl):Abstract nr IA20.
A relapsing localized variant of neutrophilic dermatosis triggered by tissue injury
Authors: A.D. Gloor, L. Feldmeyer, A. Rammlmair, C. Schlapbach, D. Wallach, L. Borradori
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Neutrophilc dermatoses (ND) comprises a group of autoinflammatory disorders characterized by a neutrophilic-rich infiltrate in the skin. Based on their frequent overlapping features ND have been classified into three major groups: (1) superficial ND; (2) dermal ND, and (3) deep ND.1,2 ND are often associated with haematological malignancies and chronic inflammatory diseases.1,2 We report a striking localized form of relapsing ND.
Epigenetic deregulation in cancer: Enzyme players and non-coding RNAs
Authors: Ammad Ahmad Farooqi, Sundas Fayyaz, Palmiro Poltronieri, George Calin, Massimo Mallardo
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2020)

Data obtained from cutting-edge research have shown that deregulated epigenetic marks are critical hallmarks of cancer. Rapidly emerging scientific evidence has helped in developing a proper understanding of the mechanisms leading to control of cellular functions, from changes in chromatin accessibility, transcription and translation, and in post-translational modifications. Firstly, mechanisms of DNA methylation and demethylation are introduced, as well as modifications of DNA and RNA, with particular focus on N6-methyladenosine (m6A), discussing the effects of these modifications in normal cells and in malignancies. Then, chromatin modifying proteins and remodelling complexes are discussed. Many enzymes and accessory proteins in these complexes have been found mutated or have undergone differential splicing, leading to defective protein complexes. Epigenetic mechanisms acting on nucleosomes by polycomb repressive complexes and on chromatin by SWI/SNF complexes on nucleosome assembly/disassembly, as well as main mutated genes linked to cancers, are reviewed. Among enzymes acting on histones and other proteins erasing the reversible modifications are histone deacetylases (HDACs). Sirtuins are of interest since most of these enzymes not only deacylate histones and other proteins, but also post-translationally modify proteins adding a Mono-ADP-ribose (MAR) moiety. MAR can be read by MACRO-domain containing proteins such as histone MacroH2A1, with specific function in chromatin assembly. Finally, recent advances are presented on non-coding RNAs with a scaffold function, prospecting their role in assembly of chromatin modifying complexes, recruiting enzyme players to chromatin regions. Lastly, the imbalance in metabolites production due to mitochondrial dysfunction is presented, with the potential of these metabolites to inhibit enzymes, either writers, readers or erasers of epitranscriptome marks. In the perspectives, studies are overwied on drugs under development aiming to limit excessive enzyme activities and to reactivate chromatin modifying complexes, for therapeutic application. This knowledge may lead to novel drugs and personalised medicine for cancer patients.
BIN1 protein isoforms are differentially expressed in astrocytes, neurons, and microglia: neuronal and astrocyte BIN1 are implicated in tau pathology
Authors: Mariko Taga, Vladislav A. Petyuk, Charles White, Galina Marsh, Yiyi Ma, Hans-Ulrich Klein, Sarah M. Connor, Alexandra Kroshilina, Christina J. Yung, Anthony Khairallah, Marta Olah, Julie Schneider, Kyle Karhohs, Anne E. Carpenter, Richard Ransohoff, David A. Bennett, Andrea Crotti, Elizabeth M. Bradshaw, Philip L. De Jager
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2020)

Abstract Background Identified as an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) susceptibility gene by genome wide-association studies, BIN1 has 10 isoforms that are expressed in the Central Nervous System (CNS). The distribution of these isoforms in different cell types, as well as their role in AD pathology still remains unclear. Methods Utilizing antibodies targeting specific BIN1 epitopes in human post-mortem tissue and analyzing mRNA expression data from purified microglia, we identified three isoforms expressed in neurons and astrocytes (isoforms 1, 2 and 3) and four isoforms expressed in microglia (isoforms 6, 9, 10 and 12). The abundance of selected peptides, which correspond to groups of BIN1 protein isoforms, was measured in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and their relation to neuropathological features of AD was assessed. Results Peptides contained in exon 7 of BIN1’s N-BAR domain were found to be significantly associated with AD-related traits and, particularly, tau tangles. Decreased expression of BIN1 isoforms containing exon 7 is associated with greater accumulation of tangles and subsequent cognitive decline, with astrocytic rather than neuronal BIN1 being the more likely culprit. These effects are independent of the BIN1 AD risk variant. Conclusions Exploring the molecular mechanisms of specific BIN1 isoforms expressed by astrocytes may open new avenues for modulating the accumulation of Tau pathology in AD.
Systemic anticancer therapy-induced peripheral and central neurotoxicity: ESMO–EONS–EANO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, prevention, treatment and follow-up
Authors: B. Jordan, A. Margulies, F. Cardoso, G. Cavaletti, H.S. Haugnes, P. Jahn, E. Le Rhun, M. Preusser, F. Scotté, M.J.B. Taphoorn, K. Jordan
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
<i>Notes from the Field:</i> Rebound in Routine Childhood Vaccine Administration Following Decline During the COVID-19 Pandemic — New York City, March 1–June 27, 2020
Authors: Marisa Langdon-Embry, Vikki Papadouka, Iris Cheng, Mohammed Almashhadani, Alexandra Ternier, Jane R. Zucker
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

Concerns have been raised about falling childhood vaccine administration and vaccination coverage rates (1,2) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.In New York City (NYC), decreasing vaccination coverage has been of particular concern in light of recent outbreaks of vaccinepreventable diseases, including a large measles outbreak during 2018-2019 (3).The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine childhood vaccination was monitored by the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) using the Citywide Immunization Registry (CIR),* a populationbased immunization information system with high data quality and provider participation (4,5).CIR includes 2.7 million patient records for NYC persons aged 0-18 years and receives reports from approximately 1,600 immunization facilities.The weekly number of routine childhood vaccine doses administered to persons aged <24 months and 2-18 years in 2020 was compared with the number administered during the same period in 2019; influenza vaccine and vaccines administered in pharmacies and hospital nurseries were excluded from this report.† Likewise, the weekly number of unique facilities that reported administering at least one childhood vaccine in 2020 to 2019 was also compared.A decrease in the number of vaccine doses administered in NYC was detected beginning the week of March 8, 2020, 1 week after the first COVID-19 case was confirmed in NYC.Those numbers declined further after the New York State on PAUSE Executive Order § went into effect on March 22, which required New Yorkers to stay at home to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.The largest * CIR is a database of immunization records and birth records.All vaccine doses administered to persons aged ≤18 years in NYC are required to be reported to CIR within 14 days of administration according to the NYC Health Code and New York State Public Health Law.Birth certificates are uploaded to CIR twice per week.† Pharmacies and hospital nurseries were excluded because they do not administer routine childhood immunizations in NYC.In New York State, pharmacies are only authorized to administer influenza vaccine to persons aged 2-18 years.Hospital nurseries only administer the hepatitis B birth dose to infants.§ https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-cuomo-issues-guidance-essentialservices-under-new-york-state-pause-executive-order.
Association of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act With Dietary Quality Among Children in the US National School Lunch Program
Authors: Kelsey Kinderknecht, Cristen Harris, Jessica Jones-Smith
Journal: JAMA (2020)

The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010, implemented nationwide in 2012, was intended to improve the nutritional quality of meals served in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP).To assess whether there was an association between the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 and dietary quality of lunch for students participating in the NSLP, stratified by income.Serial cross-sectional study design, using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2007-2008, 2009-2010, 2013-2014, and 2015-2016, of students who were surveyed in the NHANES and were attending schools participating in the NSLP. Individuals who were aged 5 to 18 years, in kindergarten through 12th grade, enrolled in a school that served school lunch, and had a reliable weekday dietary recall were included.The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 (prepolicy period: 2007-2010; postpolicy period: 2013-2016), with participation in the NSLP estimated based on an algorithm.The primary outcome was dietary quality of intake for lunch, measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) score (range, 0-100; 0 indicates a diet with no adherence to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and 100 indicates a diet with complete adherence to the guidelines).Among 6389 students included in the surveys (mean age, 11.7 [95% CI, 11.6-11.9] years; 3145 [50%] female students; 1880 [56%] were non-Hispanic white), 32% were low-income, 12% were low-middle-income, and 56% were middle-high-income students. A total of 2472 (39%) were participants in the NSLP. Among low-income students, the adjusted mean prepolicy HEI-2010 score was 42.7 and the postpolicy score was 54.6 among NSLP participants and the adjusted mean prepolicy score was 34.8 and postpolicy score was 34.1 among NSLP nonparticipants (difference in differences, 12.6 [95% CI, 8.9-16.3]). Among low-middle-income students, the adjusted mean prepolicy HEI-2010 score was 40.4 and postpolicy score was 54.8 among NSLP participants and the adjusted mean prepolicy score was 34.2 and postpolicy score was 36.1 among NSLP nonparticipants (difference in differences, 12.4 [95% CI, 4.9-19.9]). Among middle-high-income students, the adjusted mean HEI-2010 prepolicy score was 42.7 and postpolicy score 55.5 for NSLP participants and the adjusted mean prepolicy score was 38.9 and prepolicy score was 43.6 for NSLP nonparticipants (difference in differences, 8.1 [95% CI, 4.2-12.0]).In a serial cross-sectional study of students, the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 was associated with better changes in dietary quality for lunch among presumed low-income, low-middle-income, and middle-high-income participants in the NSLP compared with nonparticipants.
Comprehensive analyses of immunodynamics and immunoreactivity in response to treatment in <i>ALK</i>-positive non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Kyoung-Ho Pyo, Sun Min Lim, Chae-Won Park, Ha-Ni Jo, Jae Hwan Kim, Mi-Ran Yun, Dohee Kim, Chun-Feng Xin, Wongeun Lee, Bianca Gheorghiu, Min Hee Hong, Hye Ryun Kim, Hyo Sup Shim, Mi Jang, Sung Sook Lee, Byoung Chul Cho
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Background EML4-ALK is a distinct molecular entity that is highly sensitive to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have not proved efficacy in ALK -positive non-small cell lung cancer so far. In this study, we performed a mouse clinical trial using EML4-ALK transgenic mice model to comprehensively investigate immunomodulatory effects of ALK TKI and to investigate the mechanisms of resistance to ICIs. Methods EML4-ALK transgenic mice were randomized to three treatment arms (arm A: antiprogrammed death cell protein-1 (PD-1), arm B: ceritinib, arm C: anti-PD-1 and ceritinib), and tumor response was evaluated using MRI. Progression-free survival and overall survival were measured to compare the efficacy. Flow cytometry, multispectral imaging, whole exome sequencing and RNA sequencing were performed from tumors obtained before and after drug resistance. Results Mouse clinical trial revealed that anti-PD-1 therapy was ineffective, and the efficacy of ceritinib and anti-PD-1 combination was not more effective than ceritinib alone in the first line. Dynamic changes in immune cells and cytokines were observed following each treatment, while changes in T lymphocytes were not prominent. A closer look at the tumor immune microenvironment before and after ceritinib resistance revealed increased regulatory T cells and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-expressing cells both in the tumor and the stroma. Despite the increase of PD-L1 expression, these findings were not accompanied by increased effector T cells which mediate antitumor immune responses. Conclusions ALK -positive tumors progressing on ceritinib is not immunogenic enough to respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Sentinel Node Imaging and Radioguided Surgery in the Era of SPECT/CT and PET/CT
Authors: Renato Alfredo Valdés Olmos, Daphne D. D. Rietbergen, Domenico Rubello, Lenka M. Pereira Arias-Bouda, Angela Collarino, Patrick M. Colletti, Sergi Vidal-Sicart, Fijs W. B. van Leeuwen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract We review recent technological advances and new clinical indications for sentinel node (SN) and radioguided surgery in order to delineate future tendencies of interventional nuclear medicine in this field. A literature research was performed in PubMed to select relevant articles to be used as key references for analysis of the current approaches and tendencies in SN and radioguided surgery, as well as the evolving contribution of nuclear medicine intervention techniques to the various clinical applications. For classic indications such as melanoma and breast cancer, the incorporation of the SN approach based on the combined use of existing and new preoperative and intraoperative technologies in high-risk patient categories is becoming an emerging area of clinical indication. For SN biopsy staging in other malignancies with more complex lymphatic drainage, the incorporation of sophisticated tools is most helpful. The consecutive use of PET/CT and the SN procedure is increasing as a potential combined approach for the management of specific areas such as the axilla and the pelvis in patients at high risk of regional dissemination. Also, for the management of locoregional metastasis and oligometastatic disease, interventional nuclear medicine techniques are becoming valuable alternatives. The extended experience with SN biopsy is leading to technological advances facilitating the incorporation of this procedure to stage other malignancies with complex lymphatic drainage. New nuclear medicine–based approaches, incorporating SPECT/CT and PET/CT to guide resection of SNs and occult metastases, have recently been gaining ground.