tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EP1.16-07 National, Observational, Multicentric Study in Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients in Turkey: Stone Trial
Authors: C. Onal, A. Demiral, B. Atalar, D. Yalman, S. Gul, P. Hurmuz, P. Erpolat, S. Akyurek, T. Berber, O. Guler, C. Umay, F. Sert, N. Dagoglu, G. Yaprak, E. Karahacioglu, S. Duru Birgi, E. Kaytan Sağlam
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
EP1.01-05 EGFR-2013-CPHG, a Real-World Study of EGFR Mutant Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Erlotinib
Authors: D. Debieuvre, J. Tredaniel, L. Moreau, S. Larivé, J. Le Treut, C. Nocent, S. Hominal, V. Grangeon, J. Bizec, O. Molinier, T. Payen
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
PGG.SNV: understanding the evolutionary and medical implications of human single nucleotide variations in diverse populations
Authors: Chao Zhang, Yang Gao, Zhilin Ning, Yan Lu, Xiaoxi Zhang, Jiaojiao Liu, Bo Xie, Zhe Xue, Xiaoji Wang, Kai Yuan, Xueling Ge, Yuwen Pan, Chang Liu, Lei Tian, Yuchen Wang, Dongsheng Lu, Boon-Peng Hoh, Shuhua Xu
Journal: Genome biology (2019)

Abstract Despite the tremendous growth of the DNA sequencing data in the last decade, our understanding of the human genome is still in its infancy. To understand the implications of genetic variants in the light of population genetics and molecular evolution, we developed a database, PGG .SNV ( https://www.pggsnv.org ), which gives much higher weight to previously under-investigated indigenous populations in Asia. PGG .SNV archives 265 million SNVs across 220,147 present-day genomes and 1018 ancient genomes, including 1009 newly sequenced genomes, representing 977 global populations. Moreover, estimation of population genetic diversity and evolutionary parameters is available in PGG .SNV, a unique feature compared with other databases.
Outcome of Relapsed AML Patients Aged between 50 and 70: The ALFA Group Experience (ALFA 9801 Study).
Authors: F. Merabet, N. Boissel, O. Reman, Jean-Henri Bourhis, B. Quesnel, S. Rigaudeau, C. Cordonnier, D. Bordessoule, H. Tilly, S. Corm, M. Michallet, J.M. Miclea, X. Thomas, S. Chevret, P. Fenaux, S. Castaigne
Journal: Blood (2007)
Treeio: An R Package for Phylogenetic Tree Input and Output with Richly Annotated and Associated Data
Authors: Li-Gen Wang, Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam, Shuangbin Xu, Zehan Dai, Lang Zhou, Tingze Feng, Pingfan Guo, Casey W Dunn, Bradley R Jones, Tyler Bradley, Huachen Zhu, Yi Guan, Yong Jiang, Guangchuang Yu
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2019)

Phylogenetic trees and data are often stored in incompatible and inconsistent formats. The outputs of software tools that contain trees with analysis findings are often not compatible with each other, making it hard to integrate the results of different analyses in a comparative study. The treeio package is designed to connect phylogenetic tree input and output. It supports extracting phylogenetic trees as well as the outputs of commonly used analytical software. It can link external data to phylogenies and merge tree data obtained from different sources, enabling analyses of phylogeny-associated data from different disciplines in an evolutionary context. Treeio also supports export of a phylogenetic tree with heterogeneous-associated data to a single tree file, including BEAST compatible NEXUS and jtree formats; these facilitate data sharing as well as file format conversion for downstream analysis. The treeio package is designed to work with the tidytree and ggtree packages. Tree data can be processed using the tidy interface with tidytree and visualized by ggtree. The treeio package is released within the Bioconductor and rOpenSci projects. It is available at https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/treeio/.
A role for osteopontin in breast cancer metastasis to the brain
Authors: Leontine Galante, Wolf Hassenpflug, Brunhilde Felding-Habermann
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

3412  Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted phosphoglycoprotein detectable in the extracellular matrix of the bone and many bodily fluids including urine, bile, and milk. OPN plays a role in normal mammary gland development and a knock-out mouse is viable and resistant to ovarectomy-induced bone loss. Several studies have previously shown that elevated levels of OPN are correlated with metastatic progression and a poor prognosis. We found that the expression and activation of the primary OPN receptor, integrin αvβ3, is similarly increased in highly metastatic breast cancer lines. Previous work in our lab has shown an upregulation of OPN expression in metastatic human cancer cells that had been selected for high dissemination in vivo, and conversely, that the knock-down of OPN reduced metastatic activity. Using siRNA against β3, or alternatively a constitutively activated form of the integrin, we have found that the OPN effects are αvβ3-mediated. We now describe a novel human breast cancer cell model that we established to study mechanisms of breast cancer brain metastasis. The model is based the BCM1, BCM2, and BMS cell lines that we isolated from the circulation of patients with stage IV breast cancer. Followed by non-invasive bioluminescence imaging, these tumor cells form brain metastases in SCID mice, and the efficiency of the brain metastatic phenotype is increased in variants of these cells derived from brain lesions. We hypothesize that the levels of OPN and the activation state of αvβ3 in these cell lines may correlate with their observed metastatic potential and ability to survive and grow in the brain. We propose that an interaction of OPN and the αvβ3 integrin impact the development of brain metastases in breast cancer. Experiments are underway to elucidate the role of OPN in breast cancer cell invasion of the blood-brain barrier as well as survival within the inhospitable microenvironment of the brain.
P1.04-39 Molecular Characteristics, Immunophenotype, and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Response in BRAF Non-V600 Mutant Lung Cancers
Authors: M. Offin, T. Pak, S. Mondaca, J. Montecalvo, N. Rekhtman, D. Halpenny, S. Wu, M. Kris, P. Paik, G. Riely, C. Rudin, D. Hyman, M. Hellmann, A. Drilon, J. Land, L. Buie, P. Lito, R. Yaeger, D. Liu, B. Li
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
Synaptic Proteome Alterations in the Primary Auditory Cortex of Individuals With Schizophrenia
Authors: Matthew L. MacDonald, Megan Garver, Jason Newman, Zhe Sun, Joseph Kannarkat, Ryan Salisbury, Jill Glausier, Ying Ding, David A. Lewis, Nathan Yates, Robert A. Sweet
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2019)

Findings from unbiased genetic studies have consistently implicated synaptic protein networks in schizophrenia, but the molecular pathologic features within these networks and their contribution to the synaptic and circuit deficits thought to underlie disease symptoms remain unknown.
Response from the American Hair Research Society to “Sunscreen and frontal fibrosing alopecia: A review”
Authors: Antonella Tosti, Wilma F Bergfeld, Angela M Christiano, Dirk M Elston, Maria Fernanda Gavazzoni Dias, Lynne Goldberg, Maria K Hordinsky, John Seykora, Victoria Ceh
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2019)
P1.09-10 Molecular Immunocytochemistry in Various NSCLC Samples Prepared as Non-Cell Block Cytology
Authors: S. Smojver-Ježek, B. Vrabec Branica, V. Šimić, S. Harabajsa, A. Marušić, S. Badovinac, S. Pleština, S. Kukulj, M. Jakopovic
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
Improving Stratification for Children With Late Bone Marrow B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Relapses With Refined Response Classification and Integration of Genetics
Authors: Cornelia Eckert, Stefanie Groeneveld-Krentz, Renate Kirschner-Schwabe, Nikola Hagedorn, Christiane Chen-Santel, Peter Bader, Arndt Borkhardt, Gunnar Cario, Gabriele Escherich, Renate Panzer-Grümayer, Kathy Astrahantseff, Angelika Eggert, Lucie Sramkova, Andishe Attarbaschi, Jean-Pierre Bourquin, Christina Peters, Günter Henze, Arend von Stackelberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

Minimal residual disease (MRD) helps to accurately assess when children with late bone marrow relapses of B-cell precursor (BCP) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) will benefit from allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). More detailed dissection of MRD response heterogeneity and the specific genetic aberrations could improve current practice.MRD was assessed after induction treatment and at different times during relapse treatment until allo-HSCT (indicated in poor responders to induction; MRD ≥ 10-3) for patients being treated for late BCP-ALL bone marrow relapses (n = 413; median follow-up, 9.4 years) in the ALL-REZ BFM 2002 trial/registry (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00114348).Patients with both good (MRD < 10-3) and poor responses to induction treatment reached excellent event-free survival (EFS; 72% v 65%) and overall survival (OS; 82% v 74%). Patients with MRD of 10-2 or greater after induction had reduced EFS (56%), and their MRD persisted until allo-HSCT more frequently than it did in patients with MRD of 10-3 or greater to less than 10-2 (P = .037). Patients with 25% or more leukemic blasts after induction (early nonresponders) had the poorest prognosis (EFS, 22%). Interestingly, patients with MRD of 10-3 or greater before allo-HSCT (late nonresponders) still had an EFS of 50% and OS of 63%, which in principle justifies allo-HSCT in these patients. From a panel of selected candidate genes, TP53 alterations (frequency, 8%) were the only genetic alteration with independent prognostic value in any MRD-based response subgroup.After induction treatment, MRD-based treatment stratification resulted in excellent survival in patients with late relapsed BCP-ALL. Prognosis could be further improved in very poor responders by intensifying treatment directly after induction. TP53 alterations can be defined as a novel genetic high-risk marker in all MRD response groups in late relapsed BCP-ALL. Here we identified early and late nonresponders to be considered as events in future trials.
EP1.14-23 Comparison of Molecular Testing Using Various Specimens for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers
Authors: T. Ohira, Y. Kudo, Y. Makino, Y. Shimada, S. Maehara, H. Masaru, M. Kakihana, T. Okano, N. Kajiwara, N. Ikeda
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
P1.11-19 Trial in Progress: Cancer Screening Study With or Without Low Dose Lung CT to Validate a Multi-Cancer Early Detection Blood Test
Authors: S. Janes, J. Dickson, A. Devaraj, C. Horst, S. Quaife, C. Levermore, K. Gyertson, A. Mullin, L. Farrelly, B. Allen, N. Zhang, C. Clarke, S. Hamilton, A. Hartman, A. Hackshaw
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
EP1.14-31 Retrospective Study About EGFR Mutations in Lung Cancer: Our Experience in a Spanish Hospital
Authors: D. Sanchez Cabrero, P. Cruz, J. Miranda, O. Higuera, A. Pertejo, J. Ramón, J.L. Torres, L. Gutierrez, J. Villamayor, D. Viñal, I. Esteban, J. De Castro Carpeno
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
Clinical symptoms and associated vascular imaging findings in Takayasu’s arteritis compared to giant cell arteritis
Authors: Despina Michailidou, Joel S Rosenblum, Casey A Rimland, Jamie Marko, Mark A Ahlman, Peter C Grayson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

Objective To compare the presence of head, neck and upper extremity symptoms in patients with Takayasu’s (TAK) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) and their association with vascular inflammation assessed by 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) or arterial damage assessed by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Methods Patients with TAK and GCA underwent clinical and imaging assessments within 24 hours, blinded to each other. Vascular inflammation was defined as arterial FDG-PET uptake greater than liver by visual assessment. Arterial damage was defined as stenosis, occlusion, or aneurysm by MRA. Clinically reported symptoms were compared with corresponding imaging findings using generalised mixed model regression. Cranial symptoms were studied in association with burden of arterial disease in the neck using ordinal regression. Results Participants with TAK (n=56) and GCA (n=54) contributed data from 270 visits. Carotidynia was reported only in patients with TAK (21%) and was associated with vascular inflammation (p&lt;0.01) but not damage (p=0.33) in the corresponding carotid artery. Posterior headache was reported in TAK (16%) and GCA (20%) but was only associated with corresponding vertebral artery inflammation and damage in GCA (p&lt;0.01). Arm claudication was associated with subclavian artery damage (p&lt;0.01) and inflammation (p=0.04) in TAK and with damage in GCA (p&lt;0.01). Patients with an increased burden of damaged neck arteries were more likely to experience positional lightheadedness (p&lt;0.01) or a major central nervous system event (p=0.01). Conclusion The distribution of symptoms and association with imaging abnormalities differs in patients with TAK and GCA. These findings may help clinicians predict associated FDG-PET and MRA findings based on a specific clinical symptom. Clinical trial registration number NCT02257866 .
P2.01-08 Clinical Trial in Progress: CONCORDE - A Phase 1B Study of Novel Agents in Combination with Conventional Radiotherapy in NSCLC
Authors: A. Hudson, S. Brown, A. Chalmers, C. Dive, K. Franks, G. Hanna, N. Hannaway, S. Harrow, T. Haswell, C. Hiley, S. Hinsley, M. Krebs, G. Murden, S. Reed, A. Ryan, D. Sebag-Montefiore, P. Shaw, A. Smith, G. Walls, R. Young, C. Faivre-Finn, A. Greystoke
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
P1.03-35 Analysis of TET2 Gene Aberrations in East Asian Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients and Evaluation of Their Prognosis
Authors: Y. Zhang, C. Xu, W. Wang, Q. Zhang, W. Zhuang, Y. Zhu, Z. Huang, G. Chen, M. Fang, T. Lv, Y. Song
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
P2.04-06 Blood-Based Multiplex Kinase Activity Profiling as a Predictive Marker for Clinical Response to Checkpoint Blockade in Advanced NSCLC
Authors: D. Hurkmans, E. Verdegaal, R. De Wijn, S. Koolen, C. Lamers, D. Van Den Heuvel, J. Groten, R. Debets, E. Kapiteijn, R. Mathijssen, S. Van Der Burg, J. Aerts
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
Inflammatory signatures for quick diagnosis of life-threatening infection during the CAR T-cell therapy
Authors: Hui Luo, Na Wang, Liang Huang, Xiaoxi Zhou, Jin Jin, Chunrei Li, Di Wang, Bin Xu, Jinhuan Xu, Lijun Jiang, Jue Wang, Yang Cao, Yi Xiao, Qian Zhang, Xia Mao, Songya Liu, Liting Chen, Min Xiao, Jianfeng Zhou
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2019)

<h3>Background</h3> Chimeric antigen receptor-modified (CAR) T-cell immunotherapy is a novel promising therapy for treatment of B-cell malignancy. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and infection are the most common adverse events during CAR T-cell therapy. Similar clinical presentation of concurrent CRS and infection makes it difficult to differentially diagnose and timely treat the condition. <h3>Methods</h3> We analyzed the features of infection events during the first 30 days after CAR T-cell infusion (CTI) in 109 patients from three clinical trials (ChiCTR-OPN-16008526, ChiCTR-OPC-16009113, ChiCTR-OPN-16009847). Based on the dynamic changes of interleukin (IL)-6 and ferritin, we proposed the "double peaks of IL-6" pattern as a feature of life-threatening infection during the first 30 days after CTI. Meanwhile, we screened candidate biomarkers from 70-biomarker panel to establish a prediction model for life-threatening infection. <h3>Results</h3> In this study, 19 patients (17.4%) experienced a total of 19 infection events during the first 30 days after CAR T-cell infusion. Eleven patients (10.1%) had grade 4–5 infection, which were all bacterial infection and predominantly sepsis (<i>N</i> = 9). "Double peaks of IL-6" appeared in 9 out of 11 patients with life-threatening infection. The prediction model of three-cytokines (IL-8, IL-1β and interferon-γ) could predict life-threatening infection with high sensitivity (training: 100.0%; validation: 100.0%) and specificity (training: 97.6%; validation: 82.8%). On base of the aforementioned methods, we proposed a workflow for quick identification of life-threatening infection during CAR T-cell therapy. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this study, we worked out two diagnostic methods for life-threatening infection during CAR T-cell therapy by analyzing inflammatory signatures, which contributed to reducing risks of infection-induced death.
OA12.02 Randomized Phase II Study of CDDP+S-1 vs CDDP+PEM Combined with Thoracic RT for Locally Advanced Non-Sq NSCLC: SPECTRA Study
Authors: T. Seto, S. Niho, T. Yoshida, T. Akimoto, K. Sakamaki, A. Ono, M. Nishio, N. Yamamoto, T. Hida, H. Okamoto, T. Kurata, Y. Hattori, K. Goto, T. Yamanaka, Y. Ohe
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
P2.14-57 Efficacy of 3rd Generation EGFR-TKIs After Failing First or Second Generation EGFR-TKIs in EGFR Mutation-Positive NSCLC (ROOT-EGFR)
Authors: H.A. Jung, S. Hong, J. Park, M.R. Park, J. Sun, S. Lee, J.S. Ahn, M. Ahn, K. Park
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
P2.01-23 DUBLIN-3, a Phase (Ph) III Trial Comparing the Plinabulin (P)/Docetaxel(D) Combination with D Alone in Stage IIIb/IV NSCLC
Authors: R. Mohanlal, Y. Sun, G. Kloecker, T. Feinstein, Y. Shi, B. Han, L. Bazhenova, L. Du, L. Huang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
EP1.16-38 Pulmonary Infiltrates in Patients Treated with Anti-Programmed Death-1/Programmed Death Ligand 1 Therapy
Authors: A. Okada, K. Ota, K. Horimoto, T. Ibaraki, S. Murakami, H. Takenaka, S. Choh
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
Death by microglia
Authors: Shahrnaz Kemal, Robert Vassar
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2019)

The roles of microglia and ApoE in tauopathies, such as Alzheimer’s disease, remain elusive. In this issue, Shi et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20190980) demonstrate that microglia-mediated innate immunity collaborates with ApoE to drive neurodegeneration and disease progression in a mouse model of tauopathy.
P2.17-26 Indocyanine Green Virtual Assisted Lung Mapping (ICG-VAL-MAP): Anyone Can Perform a Successful Preoperative Marking for a Small Lung Nodule
Authors: T. Chen-Yoshikawa, S. Tanaka, Y. Yamada, Y. Yuataka, D. Nakajima, A. Ohsumi, M. Hamaji, T. Menju, H. Date
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
P2.03-45 PKCι-PAK1 Pathway Modulates Sensitivity to Therapy in EGFR, KRAS Mutant Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: M. Ito, C. Codony-Servat, J. Codony-Servat, D. Llige Santafe, I. Chaib, X. Cai, P. Cao, J. Bracht, M. Okada, N. Karachaliou, R. Rosell
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
Efficacy of Platinum/Pemetrexed Combination Chemotherapy in ALK-Positive NSCLC Refractory to Second-Generation ALK Inhibitors
Authors: Jessica J. Lin, Adam J. Schoenfeld, Viola W. Zhu, Beow Y. Yeap, Emily Chin, Marguerite Rooney, Andrew J. Plodkowski, Subba R. Digumarthy, Ibiayi Dagogo-Jack, Justin F. Gainor, Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou, Gregory J. Riely, Alice T. Shaw
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
P1.07-11 An Evaluation of the Patient’s Experience and Expectations During the Implementation of NHS England, National Optimal Lung Cancer Pathway
Authors: K. Clayton, A. Mciver, A. Bougler, C. Buckle, C. Butler, J. Draffen, S. Earl, Y. Jeffs, S. Jones, C. Jordan, J. Morley, H. Neal, S. Newbold, J. Roberts, P. Rose, P. Shepherd, B. Smith
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
Abstract 16524: Underutilization of Vascular Evaluation and Treatment Despite High Prevalence of Severe Pad Proven by Histopathology of Amputated Specimens
Authors: Bailey A Estes, Brad J Martinsen, Joji J Varghese
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Peripheral arterial disease and its most severe manifestation, critical limb ischemia, contribute to an estimated 185,000 lower extremity amputations annually in the United States. Pr...
P2.09-11 Genomic Profiling of Pulmonary Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma (PLELC)
Authors: C. Zhou, Z. Xie, Y. Qin, L. Liu, H. Zhang, W. Feng, X. Xie, X. Lin, J. Zhang, M. Ouyang, Y. Gu, B. Li, H. Han-Zhang, A. Lizaso, J. Liu, S. Mai, S. Chen, L. Zhang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
Life-Gained–Based Versus Risk-Based Selection of Smokers for Lung Cancer Screening
Authors: Li C. Cheung, Christine D. Berg, Philip E. Castle, Hormuzd A. Katki, Anil K. Chaturvedi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

Although risk-based selection of ever-smokers for screening could prevent more lung cancer deaths than screening according to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines, it preferentially selects older ever-smokers with shorter life expectancies due to comorbidities.To compare selection of ever-smokers for screening based on gains in life expectancy versus lung cancer risk.Cohort analyses and model-based projections.U.S. population of ever-smokers aged 40 to 84 years.130 964 National Health Interview Survey participants, representing about 60 million U.S. ever-smokers during 1997 to 2015.Annual computed tomography (CT) screening for 3 years versus no screening.Estimated number of lung cancer deaths averted and life-years gained after development of a mortality model.Using the calibrated and validated mortality model in U.S. ever-smokers aged 40 to 84 years and selecting 8.3 million ever-smokers to match the number selected by the USPSTF criteria in 2013 to 2015, the analysis estimated that life-gained-based selection would increase the total life expectancy from CT screening (633 400 vs. 607 800 years) but prevent fewer lung cancer deaths (52 600 vs. 55 000) compared with risk-based selection. The 1.56 million persons selected by the life-gained-based strategy but not the risk-based strategy were younger (mean age, 59 vs. 75 years) and had fewer comorbidities (mean, 0.75 vs. 3.7).Estimates are model-based and assume implementation of lung cancer screening with short-term effectiveness similar to that from trials.Life-gained-based selection could maximize the benefits of lung cancer screening in the U.S. population by including ever-smokers who have both high lung cancer risk and long life expectancy.Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health.
MA12.11 Anti-Tumor Efficacy of Mesothelin Targeted Immunotoxin LMB-100 Plus Pembrolizumab in Mesothelioma Patients and Mouse Models
Authors: Q. Jiang, A. Ghafoor, D. Rathkey, I. Mian, J. Zhang, B. Morrow, I. Pastan, R. Hassan
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
New advances in the management of pulmonary sarcoidosis
Authors: Daniel A Culver, Marc A Judson
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Abstract Sarcoidosis is a highly variable granulomatous multisystem syndrome. It affects individuals in the prime years of life; both the frequency and severity of sarcoidosis are greater in economically disadvantaged populations. The diagnosis, assessment, and management of pulmonary sarcoidosis have evolved as new technologies and therapies have been adopted. Transbronchial needle aspiration guided by endobronchial ultrasound has replaced mediastinoscopy in many centers. Advanced imaging modalities, such as fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scanning, and the widespread availability of magnetic resonance imaging have led to more sensitive assessment of organ involvement and disease activity. Although several new insights about the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis exist, no new therapies have been specifically developed for use in the disease. The current or proposed use of immunosuppressive medications for sarcoidosis has been extrapolated from other disease states; various novel pathways are currently under investigation as therapeutic targets. Coupled with the growing recognition of corticosteroid toxicities for managing sarcoidosis, the use of corticosteroid sparing anti-sarcoidosis medications is likely to increase. Besides treatment of granulomatous inflammation, recognition and management of the non-granulomatous complications of pulmonary sarcoidosis are needed for optimal outcomes in patients with advanced disease.