tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alterations of gut microbiota composition in neonates conceived by assisted reproductive technology and its relation to infant growth
Authors: Qun Lu, Yuan Lin, Ting Chen, Hong Lv, Feiyang Diao, Cong Liu, Meijuan Peng, Xiufeng Ling, Hong Li, Yun Wang, Yongyue Wei, Jiangbo Du, Guangfu Jin, Yankai Xia, Hongxia Ma, Xingyin Liu, Hongbing Shen, Zhibin Hu
Journal: Gut Microbes (2020)

The gut microbiome in newborns may be strongly influenced by their intrinsic host microenvironmental factors (e.g., the gestational age) and has been linked to their short-term growth and potentially future health. It is yet unclear whether early microbiota composition is significantly different in newborns conceived by assisted reproductive technology (ART) when compared with those who were conceived spontaneously. Additionally, little is known about the effect of gut microbiota composition on weight gain in early infancy. We aimed to characterize the features and the determinants of the gut microbiome in ART newborns and to assess the impact of early microbiota composition on their weight gain in early infancy in mother-infant dyads enrolled in the China National Birth Cohort (CNBC). Among 118 neonates born by ART and 91 neonates born following spontaneous conception, we observed significantly reduced gut microbiota α-diversity and declined Bacteroidetes relative abundance in ART neonates. The microbiota composition of ART neonates was largely driven by specific ART treatments, hinting the importance of fetus intrinsic host microenvironment on the early microbial colonization. Following up these neonates for six months after their births, we observed the effects of gut microbiome composition on infant rapid weight gaining. Collectively, we identified features and determinants of the gut microbiota composition in ART neonates, and provided evidence for the importance of microbiota composition in neonatal growth.
Response to: ‘Diagnostic value of ultrasound halo count and Halo Score in giant cell arteritis: a retrospective study from routine care’ by Molina Collada<i>et al</i>
Authors: Kornelis SM van der Geest, Bhaskar Dasgupta
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

We would like to thank Molina Collada et al 1 for their interest in our paper on the ultrasonographic Halo Score in giant cell arteritis (GCA).2 We welcome their effort to validate our findings.

The authors have performed a retrospective analysis of the Southend Halo Score and halo count in a GCA fast-track clinic. The authors report an excellent diagnostic accuracy of the Halo Score/halo count for a clinical diagnosis of GCA. The authors also observed a positive correlation between the Halo …
A Proof of Concept for Biomarker-Guided Targeted Therapy against Ovarian Cancer Based on Patient-Derived Tumor Xenografts
Authors: Adam C. Palmer, Deborah Plana, Hui Gao, Joshua M. Korn, Guizhi Yang, John Green, Xiamei Zhang, Roberto Velazquez, Margaret E. McLaughlin, David A. Ruddy, Colleen Kowal, Julie Muszynski, Caroline Bullock, Stacy Rivera, Daniel P. Rakiec, GiNell Elliott, Paul Fordjour, Ronald Meyer, Alice Loo, Esther Kurth, Jeffrey A. Engelman, Hans Bitter, William R. Sellers, Juliet A. Williams, Peter K. Sorger
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Advanced ovarian cancers are a leading cause of cancer-related death in women and are currently treated with surgery and chemotherapy. This standard of care is often temporarily successful but exhibits a high rate of relapse, after which, treatment options are few. Here we investigate whether biomarker-guided use of multiple targeted therapies, including small molecules and antibody–drug conjugates, is a viable alternative. A panel of patient-derived ovarian cancer xenografts (PDX), similar in genetics and chemotherapy responsiveness to human tumors, was exposed to 21 monotherapies and combination therapies. Three monotherapies and one combination were found to be active in different subsets of PDX. Analysis of gene expression data identified biomarkers associated with responsiveness to each of the three targeted therapies, none of which directly inhibits an oncogenic driver. While no single treatment had as high a response rate as chemotherapy, nearly 90% of PDXs were eligible for and responded to at least one biomarker-guided treatment, including tumors resistant to standard chemotherapy. The distribution of biomarker positivity in The Cancer Genome Atlas data suggests the potential for a similar precision approach in human patients. Significance: This study exploits a panel of patient-derived xenografts to demonstrate that most ovarian tumors can be matched to effective biomarker-guided treatments.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for early esophageal and gastric neoplasia in decompensated cirrhosis with varices
Authors: Jennifer M. Kolb, Sachin Wani, Roy Soetikno, Steven A. Edmundowicz, Hazem Hammad
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Endoscopic management of gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasia in cirrhosis is challenging. Such patients are often poor candidates for surgery, yet their untreated cancer may preclude them from undergoing liver transplantation. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) offers curative resection but can be difficult in the setting of portal hypertension. Variceal band ligation may cause scarring that complicates esophageal ESD [1]. Pre-ESD transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting carries procedural and hepatic encephalopathy risks. There are increasing data on the safety of endoscopic resection in patients with cirrhosis [2].
Response to: ‘Correspondence to ‘Associations of regular glucosamine use with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a large prospective cohort study’ by Li<i>et al</i>’ by Yueh<i>et al</i>
Authors: Zhi-Hao Li, Wen-Fang Zhong, Qing-Mei Huang, Xi-Ru Zhang, Chen Mao
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

As suggested by Yueh et al ,1 it is important to present factors such as dosage, frequency and treatment adherence, which may make confounded dose–response effects. However, as explained at length in the limitation section,2 the UK Biobank did not gather detailed information on the dosage, forms or duration of glucosamine use to perform further analyses on the dose relationship of glucosamine with the mortality, like Simon et al .3 And the data collection on dietary supplements intake was not conducted in clinical settings in order to promote more truthful reporting. Further studies are necessary to better clarify the dose-relationship of glucosamine use with the mortality.

Yueh et al 1 mentioned that some …
AB0779 DOES DACTYLITIS/ENTESITIS PREDICT THE RESPONSE TO A SPECIFIC BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT IN PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS?
Authors: C. Guillén-Astete, P. Zurita-Prada, C. Urrego-Laurín
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: Spondylarthritis are diseases with a pathophysiological focus in enthesis with a different extent of synovial component. In the event of therapeutic failure with DMARDs, the clinician may consider biological therapy with anti-TNF drugs or other targets such as IL23 Despite this, most patients receive first-line anti-TNFs. Given that IL19 and IL23 activity is recognized at the level of the enthesis. Objectives: To evaluate whether the presence of dactylitis/entesitis could be useful in the choice of a particular biological therapy. Methods: A secondary analysis of a previous study was performed based on an electronic survey completed by patients with PsoA and distributed among members of the patient association “Acción Psoriasis”. Records from 191 respondents who had received at least one biological therapy were included. Patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of dactylitis or enthesitis. The rate of need to progress to the next therapeutic biologic line was compared. Results: 61 patients reported dactylitis and 155 enthesitis. Distribution of treatments in patients with dactylitis: 33 patients received an anti-TNF-alpha, 11 Secukinumab and 12 Ustekinumab. 15 patients in the group receiving an anti-TNF-alpha had to substitute another treatment within 2 years (45.4%). 3 patients in each of the remaining groups had to substitute treatment within 2 years (27.2% and 25%, respectively). Compared to those receiving anti-TNF-alpha therapy, patients treated with Secukinumab or Ustekinumab had greater therapeutic persistence at 2 years (P&lt;0.001, in both cases). Distribution of treatments in patients with enthesitis (not including dactylitis): 115 received an antiTNF-alpha, 25 received Secukinumab and 18 received Ustekinumab. 38 patients who received an anti-TNF-alpha had to substitute it within 2 years (24.5%). 4 patients who received Secukinumab and 3 who received Ustekinumab had to substitute their treatments in less than 2 years (16% and 16.6%, respectively). Compared to patients receiving anti-TNF-alpha therapy, patients treated with Secukinumab and Ustekinumab had a higher proportion of therapeutic persistence at 2 years (P&lt;0.05 for both cases). Conclusion: The presence of dactylitis more than enthesitis, is associated with a higher proportion of therapeutic persistence in those patients treated with anti-IL17 or anti-IL23 therapies. Although there are multiple factors that condition the choice of biological therapies in patients with PsoA, the presence of enthesitis and dactilitis (understood as polyenthesitis) should be considered among the most important ones. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Cognitive Transformation, Dementia, and the Moral Weight of Advance Directives
Authors: Emily Walsh
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2020)

Dementia patients in the moderate-late stage of the disease can, and often do, express different preferences than they did at the onset of their condition. The received view in the philosophical literature argues that advance directives which prioritize the patient's preferences at onset ought to be given decisive moral weight in medical decision-making. Clinical practice, on the other hand, favors giving moral weight to the preferences expressed by dementia patients after onset. The purpose of this article is to show that the received view in the philosophical literature is inadequate and is out of touch with real clinical practice. I argue that having dementia is a cognitive transformative experience and that preference changes which result from this are legitimate and ought to be given moral weight in medical decision-making. This argument ought to encourage us to reduce our confidence in the moral weight of advance directives for dementia patients.
Abstract 13717: Using Electronic Cigarettes With Nicotine, but Not Without Nicotine, Increases Sympathetic Activity and Hemodynamic Variables in Chronic Electronic Cigarette Users
Authors: Sara Arastoo, Kacey P Haptonstall, Roya Moheimani, Yasmine Choroomi, Elizabeth Tran, Kevin Nguyen, Karishma S Lakhani, Isabelle Ruedisueli, Jeffrey Gornbein, Holly R Middlekauff
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Abnormal heart rate variability (HRV) indicative of sympathetic predominance is associated with increased cardiac risk. Using electronic cigarettes (EC) with nicotine, but not w/o nic...
SAT0423 LONG-TERM SURVIVAL OF THE FIRST BIOLOGIC TREATMENT IN PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS AND THE EFFECT OF THE SELECTED TREATMENT ON DRUG SURVIVAL; TURKBIO REGISTRY
Authors: S. B. Kocaer, T. Yüce İnel, Y. Erez, A. Köken Avşar, S. Uslu, A. Karakas, S. Gulle, G. Can, İ. Sari, M. Birlik, E. Dalkiliç, Y. Pehlivan, S. Akar, A. Cefle, M. A. Öztürk, S. Yolbaş, N. Yilmaz, S. Erten, N. Akkoc, F. Onen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: Currently, biologic treatments are used effectively in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare long-term drug survival of the first biologic treatments including adalimumab, certolizumab, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, secukinumab and ustekinumab in patients with PsA. Methods: PsA patients, electronically registered at each visit in the TURKBIO database between 2011 and 2019 were included in the study. PASW 18.0 for Windows was used for statistical analysis. Drug survival rates were calculated by Kaplan Meier method. Results: 355 patients (227 women; axial PsA = 48, peripheral PsA = 307) were included in the study (Table 1). Adalimumab was the most commonly used first biologic treatment (n=125; 37.6%). The rate of drug survival was found to be 0.75 at month 60 in patients receiving the first biologic treatment (Figure 1). There was no significant difference in drug survival rate between tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor (TNFi) and non-TNFi biologic drugs (p=0.56). No difference was also found in drug survival rates between each biologic treatment. Table 1. Initial demographic and clinical datas of patients with PsA PsA Patients (n=355) Females, n (%) 227 (63,9) Age of diagnosis, years* 34,6 (27-42) CRP baseline* 6 mg/ L (3-15) ESR baseline* 24 mm/h (10-38) Smoking, n (%) Current 99 (28,5) Never 192 (55,3) Previous 56 (16,2) HLA B27 positivity,n (%) 41 (26,4) First biologic agent, n (%) -TNFi 332 (95,4) Adalimumab Etanercept 125 (37,6) 80 (24,1) Golimumab 52 (15,6) Certolizumab 44 (13,3) Infliximab 31 (9,4) - Other biologic agents 16 (4,6) Secukinumab 13 (81,3) Ustekinumab 3 (18,7) * median (min-max ) Conclusion: The results of this study establish that more than half of patients with PsA can remain in their initial biologic treatment over a long term. It has been observed that the choice of biologic treatment did not effect the drug survival in PsA. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Abstract IA31: Stalled developmental programs at the root of K27M mutant gliomas and other pediatric brain tumors
Authors: Nada Jabado
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Childhood brain tumors have suspected prenatal origins. We showed that H3K27M in gliomas impairs the production and the spread of the repressive H3K27me3 mark from PRC2 high-affinity sites. Neither the recruitment of PRC2 to its nucleation sites nor the deposition of the H3K27me3 mark in the proximity of those sites was affected by the mutation. However, our findings indicate that as the marks cannot spread to establish the proper silencing landscape, further lineage specification, a major role of PRC2, is not possible, and the cell is stalled in an early epigenetic and progenitor state, indefinitely multiplying without being able to further differentiate. To identify vulnerable developmental states, we generated a single-cell transcriptome atlas of &amp;gt;44,000 cells from embryonal pons and forebrain, two major tumor locations. We derived signatures for 119 distinct cell populations and defined regional cellular diversity and differentiation dynamics. Projection of bulk tumor transcriptomes onto this dataset shows that WNT medulloblastomas match the rhombic lip-derived mossy fiber neuronal lineage, embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes fully recapitulate a cortical neuronal lineage, atypical teratoid-rhabdoid tumors originate outside of the neuro-ectoderm, while diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas resemble a pontine astrocytic progenitor and differentiate upon removal of driver mutation H3K27M. Importantly, single-cell tumor profiles reveal highly defined cell hierarchies mirroring transcriptional programs of the corresponding normal lineages. We identify impaired differentiation of specific neural progenitors as a common mechanism underlying these pediatric cancers and provide a rational framework for future modeling and therapeutic interventions. Citation Format: Nada Jabado. Stalled developmental programs at the root of K27M mutant gliomas and other pediatric brain tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 17-20; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(14 Suppl):Abstract nr IA31.
SAT0001 Role of determination of succinate dehydrogenase, myeloperoxidase, na ± k ± atph-ase, 5?-nucleotidase in cells of peripheral blood of ankylosing spondylarthritis patients
Authors: AB Zborovsky, BV Zavodovsky, TA Pankratova, AV Rvachev, OV Bykova, TV Serdukova
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the value of determination Myeloperoxidase (MP), Na ± K ± AOPh-ase (ATPh-ase), 5’-Nucleotidase (5?-NT), Succinate dehydrogenase (SDG) in cells of peripheral blood of ankylosing spondylarthritis (AS) patients. <h3>Methods</h3> We observed 30 AS patients and 30 healthy donors (HD) as control group. The activities of enzymes were determined by hystochemical methods. <h3>Results</h3> We observed increasing of ATPh-ase in neutrophils and lymphocytes, MP in monocytes, 5?-NT in lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils, decreasing of MP in neutrophils (p &lt; 0,05). We observed the greatest increasing of ATP-ase in neutrophils in 1st degree of AS activity, 5?NT in all cells and MP in monocytes – in fast progressing AS. Level of SDG in lymphocytes in AS did not differ from HD. There were correlation between level MP in neutrophils and expressiveness of an anaemia (r = -0,41, p = 0,029). Reliable dynamics of enzymes activities were noted during the course of treatment. We revealed normalisation of MP in monocytes and neutrophils when the patients received indomethacin. There were decreasing of 5?NT level at the treatment by NSAIDs and steroid hormones. There was correlation of clinical improvement with activity of 5?NT in blood cells. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The determination of MP, ATPh-ase, 5?-NT, but not SDG activities in blood cells can be used for improvement of quality of AS diagnostics and for control of treatment quality.
Response to: Comment on “Systematic retrospective study on 64 patients anti-Mi2 dermatomyositis: A classic skin rash with a necrotizing myositis and high risk of malignancy”
Authors: Grégoire Monseau, Océane Landon-Cardinal, Anne-Marie Bouvier, Valérie Jooste, Achille Aouba, Boris Bienvenu, Olivier Benveniste, Yves Allenbach
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
David, Brutus, and Caracalla—A Sculptural Chronology of Anatomical Observation—Reply
Authors: Daniel M. Gelfman
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Intravenous Interferon β-1a for Severe ARDS
Authors: Xianshi Zhou, Guanghua Tang
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
NAFLD between genes and environment: what drives fibrogenesis?
Authors: Angelo Armandi, Jörn M Schattenberg
Journal: Gut (2020)

ABSTRACT  DNA fragments were amplified by PCR from all tested strains of Aeromonas hydrophila, A. caviae, and A. sobria with primers designed based on sequence alignment of all lipase, phospholipase C, and phospholipase A1 genes and the cytotonic enterotoxin gene, all of which have been reported to have the consensus region of the putative lipase substrate-binding domain. All strains showed lipase activity, and all amplified DNA fragments contained a nucleotide sequence corresponding to the substrate-binding domain. Thirty-five distinct nucleotide sequence patterns and 15 distinct deduced amino acid sequence patterns were found in the amplified DNA fragments from 59 A. hydrophila strains. The deduced amino acid sequences of the amplified DNA fragments from A. caviae and A. sobria strains had distinctive amino acids, suggesting a species-specific sequence in each organism. Furthermore, the amino acid sequence patterns appear to differ between clinical and environmental isolates among A. hydrophila strains. Some strains whose nucleotide sequences were identical to one another in the amplified region showed an identical DNA fingerprinting pattern by repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-PCR genotyping. These results suggest that A. hydrophila, and also A. caviae and A. sobria strains, have a gene encoding a protein with lipase activity. Homologs of the gene appear to be widely distributed in Aeromonas strains, probably associating with the evolutionary genetic difference between clinical and environmental isolates of A. hydrophila. Additionally, the distinctive nucleotide sequences of the genes could be attributed to the genotype of each strain, suggesting that their analysis may be helpful in elucidating the genetic heterogeneity of Aeromonas.