tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Coming Out as Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual+ and Risk of Cigarette Smoking in a Nationally Representative Sample of Youth and Young Adults
Authors: Alyssa F. Harlow, Dielle Lundberg, Julia R. Raifman, Andy S. L. Tan, Carl G. Streed, Emelia J. Benjamin, Andrew C. Stokes
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

Coming out as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or other identities besides heterosexual (LGB+) may represent a susceptible period for cigarette smoking initiation in youth and young adults.
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca in Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Yutong Su, Chengde Yang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

A 64-year-old woman presented with ocular pain, photophobia, and a foreign-body sensation in both eyes. Examination showed corneal epithelial erosions on fluorescence staining, and a diagnosis of Sjögren’s syndrome was made.
Sixty seconds on . . . sewage
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Spot on. Though it’s not that new. Scientists have been collecting wastewater to check for RNA from SARS-CoV-2 in sewage since the start of the pandemic. It’s a great way to spot the prevalence of infection and the different strains—or lineages—of the virus in the community, says Davey Jones, professor of soil and environmental science …
A trispecific killer engager molecule against CLEC12A effectively induces NK-cell mediated killing of AML cells
Authors: Upasana Sunil Arvindam, Paulien M. M. van Hauten, Dawn Schirm, Nicolaas Schaap, Willemijn Hobo, Bruce R. Blazar, Daniel A. Vallera, Harry Dolstra, Martin Felices, Jeffrey S. Miller
Journal: Leukemia (2020)
Abstract 19370: CDC-Derived Exosomes Polarize Macrophages to a Distinct Arg1 High Phenotype
Authors: Asma Mursleen, Jennifer K Lang
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) have been shown to prevent abnormal heart remodeling, tissue fibrosis, and improve systolic function post myocardial infarction (MI). These effects a...
FXR in the dorsal vagal complex is sufficient and necessary for upper small intestinal microbiome-mediated changes of TCDCA to alter insulin action in rats
Authors: Song-Yang Zhang, Rosa J W Li, Yu-Mi Lim, Battsetseg Batchuluun, Huiying Liu, T M Zaved Waise, Tony K T Lam
Journal: Gut (2020)

Conjugated bile acids are metabolised by upper small intestinal microbiota, and serum levels of taurine-conjugated bile acids are elevated and correlated with insulin resistance in people with type 2 diabetes. However, whether changes in taurine-conjugated bile acids are necessary for small intestinal microbiome to alter insulin action remain unknown.We evaluated circulating and specifically brain insulin action using the pancreatic-euglycaemic clamps in high-fat (HF) versus chow fed rats with or without upper small intestinal healthy microbiome transplant. Chemical and molecular gain/loss-of-function experiments targeting specific taurine-conjugated bile acid-induced changes of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in the brain were performed in parallel.We found that short-term HF feeding increased the levels of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA, an FXR ligand) in the upper small intestine, ileum, plasma and dorsal vagal complex (DVC) of the brain. Transplantation of upper small intestinal healthy microbiome into the upper small intestine of HF rats not only reversed the rise of TCDCA in all reported tissues but also enhanced the ability of either circulating hyperinsulinaemia or DVC insulin action to lower glucose production. Further, DVC infusion of TCDCA or FXR agonist negated the enhancement of insulin action, while genetic knockdown or chemical inhibition of FXR in the DVC of HF rats reversed insulin resistance.Our findings indicate that FXR in the DVC is sufficient and necessary for upper small intestinal microbiome-mediated changes of TCDCA to alter insulin action in rats, and highlight a previously unappreciated TCDCA-FXR axis linking gut microbiome and host insulin action.
Preconditioning of the tumor microenvironment with oncolytic reovirus converts CD3-bispecific antibody treatment into effective immunotherapy
Authors: Christianne Groeneveldt, Priscilla Kinderman, Diana J M van den Wollenberg, Ruben L van den Oever, Jim Middelburg, Dana A M Mustafa, Rob C Hoeben, Sjoerd H van der Burg, Thorbald van Hall, Nadine van Montfoort
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Background T-cell-engaging CD3-bispecific antibodies (CD3-bsAbs) are promising modalities for cancer immunotherapy. Although this therapy has reached clinical practice for hematological malignancies, the absence of sufficient infiltrating T cells is a major barrier for efficacy in solid tumors. In this study, we exploited oncolytic reovirus as a strategy to enhance the efficacy of CD3-bsAbs in immune-silent solid tumors. Methods The mutant p53 and K-ras induced murine pancreatic cancer model KPC3 resembles human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas with a desmoplastic tumor microenvironment, low T-cell density and resistance to immunotherapy. Immune-competent KPC3 tumor-bearing mice were intratumorally injected with reovirus type 3 Dearing strain and the reovirus-induced changes in the tumor microenvironment and spleen were analyzed over time by NanoString analysis, quantitative RT-PCR and multicolor flow cytometry. The efficacy of reovirus in combination with systemically injected CD3-bsAbs was evaluated in immune-competent mice with established KPC3 or B16.F10 tumors, and in the close-to-patient human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) + breast cancer model BT474 engrafted in immunocompromised mice with human T cells as effector cells. Results Replication-competent reovirus induced an early interferon signature, followed by a strong influx of natural killer cells and CD8 + T cells, at the cost of FoxP3 + Tregs. Viral replication declined after 7 days and was associated with a systemic activation of lymphocytes and the emergence of intratumoral reovirus-specific CD8 + T cells. Although tumor-infiltrating T cells were mostly reovirus-specific and not tumor-specific, they served as non-exhausted effector cells for the subsequently systemically administered CD3-bsAbs. Combination treatment of reovirus and CD3-bsAbs led to the regression of large, established KPC3, B16.F10 and BT474 tumors. Reovirus as a preconditioning regimen performed significantly better than simultaneous or early administration of CD3-bsAbs. This combination treatment induced regressions of distant lesions that were not injected with reovirus, and systemic administration of both reovirus and CD3-bsAbs also led to tumor control. This suggests that this therapy might also be effective for metastatic disease. Conclusions Oncolytic reovirus administration represents an effective strategy to induce a local interferon response and strong T-cell influx, thereby sensitizing the tumor microenvironment for subsequent CD3-bsAb therapy. This combination therapy warrants further investigation in patients with non-inflamed solid tumors.
Altered Gemcitabine and Nab-paclitaxel Scheduling Improves Therapeutic Efficacy Compared with Standard Concurrent Treatment in Preclinical Models of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Adam R. Wolfe, Ryan Robb, Ahmad Hegazi, Laith Abushahin, Linlin Yang, Duan-Liang Shyu, Jose G. Trevino, Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate, John R. Jacob, Kamalakannan Palanichamy, Arnab Chakravarti, Terence M. Williams
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Concurrent gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel treatment is one of the preferred chemotherapy regimens for metastatic and locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Previous studies demonstrate that caveolin-1 (Cav-1) expression is critical for nab-paclitaxel uptake into tumors and correlates with response. Gemcitabine increases nab-paclitaxel uptake by increasing Cav-1 expression. Thus, we hypothesized that pretreatment with gemcitabine would further enhance the sensitivity of PDAC to nab-paclitaxel by increasing Cav-1 expression and nab-paclitaxel uptake.
Amyloid-PET and 18F-FDG-PET in the diagnostic investigation of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias
Authors: Gaël Chételat, Javier Arbizu, Henryk Barthel, Valentina Garibotto, Ian Law, Silvia Morbelli, Elsmarieke van de Giessen, Federica Agosta, Frederik Barkhof, David J Brooks, Maria C Carrillo, Bruno Dubois, Anders M Fjell, Giovanni B Frisoni, Oskar Hansson, Karl Herholz, Brian F Hutton, Clifford R Jack, Adriaan A Lammertsma, Susan M Landau, Satoshi Minoshima, Flavio Nobili, Agneta Nordberg, Rik Ossenkoppele, Wim J G Oyen, Daniela Perani, Gil D Rabinovici, Philip Scheltens, Victor L Villemagne, Henrik Zetterberg, Alexander Drzezga
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2020)
Viscosity and degradation controlled injectable hydrogel for esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Chaoqiang Fan, Kaige Xu, Yu Huang, Shuang Liu, Tongchuan Wang, Wei Wang, Weichao Hu, Lu Liu, Malcolm Xing, Shiming Yang
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2020)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a common procedure to treat early and precancerous gastrointestinal lesions. Via submucosal injection, a liquid cushion is created to lift and separate the lesion and malignant part from the muscular layer where the formed indispensable space is convenient for endoscopic incision. Saline is a most common submucosal injection liquid, but the formed liquid pad lasts only a short time, and thus repeated injections increase the potential risk of adverse events. Hydrogels with high osmotic pressure and high viscosity are used as an alternate; however, with some drawbacks such as tissue damage, excessive injection resistance, and high cost. Here, we reported a nature derived hydrogel of gelatin-oxidized alginate (G-OALG). Based on the rheological analysis and compare to commercial endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) solution (0.25% hyaluronic acid, HA), a designed G-OALG hydrogel of desired concentration and composition showed higher performances in controllable gelation and injectability, higher viscosity and more stable structures. The G-OALG gel also showed lower propulsion resistance than 0.25% HA in the injection force assessment under standard endoscopic instruments, which eased the surgical operation. In addition, the G-OALG hydrogel showed good in vivo degradability biocompatibility. By comparing the results acquired via ESD to normal saline, the G-OALG shows great histocompatibility and excellent endoscopic injectability, and enables create a longer-lasting submucosal cushion. All the features have been confirmed in the living both pig and rat models. The G-OALG could be a promising submucosal injection agent for esophageal ESD.
Tracheitis as the Initial Presentation of Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Alexis Wolfe, Thomas J. Lee, Colin T. Gillespie, Sambasiva Rao, James M. Walter
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)

"Tracheitis as the Initial Presentation of Crohn’s Disease." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 203(5), pp. e9–e10
TCT CONNECT-395 Long-Term Outcomes After Deferral of Revascularization for In-Stent Restenosis Using Physiological Assessment
Authors: Angela McInerney, Alejandro Travieso Gonzalez, Alex Castro Mejía, Gabriela Tirado-Conte, Hernan Mejia-Renteria, Javier Escaned, Nieves Gonzalo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Association Between Preoperative Benzodiazepine Use and Postoperative Opioid Use and Health Care Costs
Authors: Chris A. Rishel, Yuting Zhang, Eric C. Sun
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> The association between preoperative benzodiazepine use and long-term postoperative outcomes is not well understood. <h3>Objective</h3> To characterize the association between preoperative benzodiazepine use and postoperative opioid use and health care costs. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> In this cohort study, retrospective analysis of private health insurance claims data on 946 561 opioid-naive patients (no opioid prescriptions filled in the year before surgery) throughout the US was conducted. Patients underwent 1 of 11 common surgical procedures between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2016; data analysis was performed January 9, 2020. <h3>Exposures</h3> Benzodiazepine use, defined as long term (≥10 prescriptions filled or ≥120 days supplied in the year before surgery) or intermittent (any use not meeting the criteria for long term). <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary outcome was opioid use 91 to 365 days after surgery. Secondary outcomes included opioid use 0 to 90 days after surgery and health care costs 0 to 30 days after surgery. <h3>Results</h3> In this sample of 946 561 patients, the mean age was 59.8 years (range, 18-89 years); 615 065 were women (65.0%). Of these, 23 484 patients (2.5%) met the criteria for long-term preoperative benzodiazepine use and 47 669 patients (5.0%) met the criteria for intermittent use. After adjusting for confounders, long-term (odds ratio [OR], 1.59; 95% CI, 1.54-1.65;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and intermittent (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.44-1.51;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) benzodiazepine use were associated with an increased probability of any opioid use during postoperative days 91 to 365. For patients who used opioids in postoperative days 91 to 365, long-term benzodiazepine use was associated with a 44% increase in opioid dose (additional 0.6 mean daily morphine milligram equivalents [MMEs]; 95% CI, 0.3-0.8 MMEs;<i>P</i> &lt; .001), although intermittent benzodiazepine use was not significantly different (0.0 average daily MMEs; 95% CI, −0.2 to 0.2 MMEs;<i>P</i> = .65). Preoperative benzodiazepine use was also associated with increased opioid use in postoperative days 0 to 90 for both long-term (32% increase, additional 1.9 average daily MMEs; 95% CI, 1.6-2.1 MMEs;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and intermittent (9% increase, additional 0.5 average daily MMEs; 95% CI, 0.4-0.6 MMEs;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) users. Intermittent benzodiazepine use was associated with an increase in 30-day health care costs ($1155; 95% CI, $938-$1372;<i>P</i> &lt; .001), while no significant difference was observed for long-term benzodiazepine use. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The findings of this study suggest that, among opioid-naive patients, preoperative benzodiazepine use may be associated with an increased risk of developing long-term opioid use and increased opioid dosages postoperatively, and also may be associated with increased health care costs.
TCT CONNECT-281 Clinical Outcomes of Optical Coherence Tomography Detected High-Risk Versus Low-Risk Coronary Atherosclerotic Lesions in Medically Treated Fractional Flow Reserve Negative Lesions in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: The COMBINE Trial
Authors: Elvin Kedhi, Tomasz Roleder, Rik Hermanides, Alexander Ijsselmuiden, Fernando Alfonso, Floris Kauer, Javier Escaned, Cyril Camaro, Mark Kennedy, Clemens von Birgelen, Michael Magro, Holger Nef, Giuseppe De Luca, Niels van Royen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Clinical Endpoints for Evaluating Efficacy in COVID-19 Vaccine Trials
Authors: Devan V. Mehrotra, Holly E. Janes, Thomas R. Fleming, Paula W. Annunziato, Kathleen M. Neuzil, Lindsay N. Carpp, David Benkeser, Elizabeth R. Brown, Marco Carone, Iksung Cho, Deborah Donnell, Michael P. Fay, Youyi Fong, Shu Han, Ian Hirsch, Ying Huang, Yunda Huang, Ollivier Hyrien, Michal Juraska, Alex Luedtke, Martha Nason, An Vandebosch, Honghong Zhou, Myron S. Cohen, Lawrence Corey, Jonathan Hartzel, Dean Follmann, Peter B. Gilbert
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Several vaccine candidates to protect against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have entered or will soon enter large-scale, phase 3, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials. To facilitate harmonized evaluation and comparison of the efficacy of these vaccines, a general set of clinical endpoints is proposed, along with considerations to guide the selection of the primary endpoints on the basis of clinical and statistical reasoning. The plausibility that vaccine protection against symptomatic COVID-19 could be accompanied by a shift toward more SARS-CoV-2 infections that are asymptomatic is highlighted, as well as the potential implications of such a shift.
Abstract 11856: Inhaled Iloprost for Vasoreactivity Assessment in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension: Preliminary Results From the OVATION Study (NCT03044314)
Authors: Jordan D Awerbach, Mouhammad Fathallah, John Serfas, Jhaymie Cappiello, Carlos Oberti, Kishan S Parikh, Fortin Terry, Sudar Rajagopal, Talal Dahhan, Richard Krasuski
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is the gold standard for vasoreactivity testing in pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the system for administering iNO is cumbersome and limited in avail...
Caustic ingestion: development and validation of a prognostic score
Authors: Joan Tosca, Rosana Villagrasa, Ana Sanahuja, Ana Sanchez, Galo Antonio Trejo, Belen Herreros, Isabel Pascual, Pilar Mas, Andres Peña, Miguel Minguez
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Caustic ingestion is a potentially severe condition and early identification of poor outcome is essential to improve management; however, prediction based on endoscopy alone can overestimate severity. This study aimed to develop and validate a prognostic score.A prospective cohort study was designed to include all consecutive patients aged > 15 years who presented with caustic ingestion between 1995 and 2017. Adverse outcome was defined by intensive care unit admission, urgent surgery, or death. The predictive value of clinical, analytical, and endoscopic variables was assessed in the first cohort (derivation cohort) and a prognostic score based on the resulting risk factors was developed by logistic regression. Internal validation (bootstrapping) was performed and then external validation was checked in an independent sample of patients (validation cohort).469 cases of caustic ingestion were included, 265 in the derivation cohort and 204 in the validation cohort. Ingestion of acidic substances (odds ratio [OR] 3.13, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 2.33 - 4.21), neutrophil count (OR 1.05, 95 %CI 1.04 - 1.06), metabolic acidosis (bicarbonate value, OR 0.82, 95 %CI 0.78 - 0.85), and endoscopic injury (OR 3.81, 95 %CI 3.35 - 4.34) were independent risk factors for poor outcome. The prognostic score based on these variables provided better accuracy than endoscopy alone (P = 0.04), with high sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (93.3 %, 92.7 %, 72.7 %, 98.5 %, respectively), and area under the curve (0.976, 95 %CI 0.973 - 0.979; P < 0.001).This score allowed a reliable prognosis of caustic ingestion and was more accurate than endoscopy-based evaluation.
Analysis of droplets generated during gastrointestinal endoscopic examinations using a high speed camera
Authors: Dong Seok Lee, Ji Won Kim
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Droplets released from the mouth of a COVID-19 infected patient are an important source of infection [1]. Currently, gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy preventative guidelines have been developed based on cough models with droplet travel distances of over 2 m [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]. However, the droplet-related studies reported so far have mostly focused on cough models related to respiratory disease. Thus far, no studies have been conducted on droplets generated during GI endoscopic examinations.
TCT CONNECT-349 Percutaneous Mitral Valve Edge-to-Edge Repair in Patients With Severely Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF ≤20%)
Authors: Divya Ratan Verma, Hursh Naik, Soundos Moualla, David Biglari, Marium Muzaffar, Tony Gaidici, Edward Distler, Camelle Jones, Samuel Unzek, Emrie Tomaiko, George Gellert, Arshad Banday, Timothy Byrne, Aneesh Kalya, Bani Khurana, Ligita Centorino, Srikanth Seethala, Orazio Amabile, Rajkumar Sugumaran, Kwan Lee, Sarah Bertram, Deepti Taneja, Mark Goldberg, Lee Goldberg, Nishant Gupta, Ali Mehr, Merick Kirshner, Kenith Fang, Samuel Butman, Thomas Waggoner, Radha Gopalan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Gut dysbiosis induced by cardiac pressure overload enhances adverse cardiac remodeling in a T cell-dependent manner
Authors: Francisco J Carrillo-Salinas, Marina Anastasiou, Njabulo Ngwenyama, Kuljeet Kaur, Albert Tai, Sasha A. Smolgovsky, David Jetton, Mark Aronovitz, Pilar Alcaide
Journal: Gut Microbes (2020)

Despite the existing association of gut dysbiosis and T cell inflammation in heart failure (HF), whether and how gut microbes contribute to T cell immune responses, cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction in HF remains largely unexplored. Our objective was to investigate whether gut dysbiosis is induced by cardiac pressure overload, and its effect in T cell activation, adverse cardiac remodeling, and cardiac dysfunction.We used 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples and discovered that cardiac pressure overload-induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) results in gut dysbiosis, characterized by a reduction of tryptophan and short-chain fatty acids producing bacteria in WT mice, but not in T cell-deficient mice (Tcra−/-) mice. These changes did not result in T cell activation in the gut or gut barrier disruption. Strikingly, microbiota depletion in WT mice resulted in decreased heart T cell infiltration, decreased cardiac fibrosis, and protection from systolic dysfunction in response to TAC. Spontaneous reconstitution of the microbiota partially reversed these effects. We observed decreased cardiac expression of the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and enzymes associated with tryptophan metabolism in WT mice, but not in Tcra−/- mice, or in mice depleted of the microbiota.These findings demonstrate that cardiac pressure overload induced gut dysbiosis and T cell immune responses contribute to adverse cardiac remodeling, and identify the potential contribution of tryptophan metabolites and the AhR to protection from adverse cardiac remodeling and systolic dysfunction in HF.