tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 12843: A Novel Approach For Uric Acid Crystal Detection in Human Coronary Plaques Ex-Vivo With Cross-Polarized Micro-OCT
Authors: Kensuke Nishimiya, Gargi Sharma, Kanwarpal Singh, Joseph A Gardecki, Tearney J Guillermo
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Uric acid crystals (UACs) have been identified as a possible therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to their potential to exacerbate inflammation. UACs are needle-shape...
Comparison of 1- and 2-dimensional measurements with volumetric measurements for evaluation of change in tumor size
Authors: Y. Hwang, E. Ashton, C. Storgard, S. Wong, E. Malseed, J. Hill, L. Goyal, J. Evelhoch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

3563 Background: Change in tumor size is commonly used as a surrogate endpoint for clinical outcome. Measurement of tumor volume, the gold standard for determining tumor size, is not clinically practical. The 2 most commonly used measurements of tumor size ie, longest diameter in axial plane (LD, used in RECIST) and cross product (CP) of LD and the longest perpendicular dimension in axial plane (used in WHO), are surrogates for tumor volume and assume simple tumor geometry. Since most tumors grow and regress irregularly, we determined which of these measurements most accurately reflects change in tumor volume by comparing change in tumor volume calculated using LD or CP with change in measured tumor volume. Methods: Computed tomography (CT) scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis were acquired at baseline and 8-week intervals during treatment in 22 patients (pts) enrolled in 2 first-in-human (FIH) clinical trials. CT scans were analyzed by a central reader to obtain LD, CP, and tumor volume. LD (assuming spherical tumor geometry) or CP (assuming spherical or elliptical tumor geometry) was used to calculate volume. The mean bias (μ: mean difference between measured and calculated percent change in tumor volume from baseline [%ΔVol]) and limits of agreement (μ ± 2s [s = standard deviation of difference]) from Bland-Altman analyses (used for assessing agreement between 2 measurement methods) were used for comparisons between measured and calculated %ΔVol. A nested effects model (tumor lesions considered as nested within pts) was used to test significance of differences between measured and calculated %ΔVol. Results: Bland-Altman analyses showed that μ ± 2s was -5% ± 70% for LD, 5% ± 38% for CP (spherical), and 7% ± 33% for CP (elliptical). Nested analyses indicated consistent results with an observed significant difference (p-value = 0.02) between measured and calculated %ΔVol using LD and non-significant differences (p-values = 0.28 and 0.05) using CP (assuming elliptical and spherical geometry respectively). Conclusions: In this diverse FIH population, 2-dimensional tumor measurements (using CP) are better than 1-dimensional tumor measurements (using LD) in representing changes in tumor volume and should decrease noise in the measurement of treatment response. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Different kinetics for the hepatic uptake of lipid nanoparticles between the apolipoprotein E/low density lipoprotein receptor and the N-acetyl-d-galactosamine/asialoglycoprotein receptor pathway
Authors: Yusuke Sato, Yoshiyuki Kinami, Kazuki Hashiba, Hideyoshi Harashima
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2020)
Figures of the Heart Failure Association (HFA): Dr. Rudolf de Boer, HFA Board Member (2014–2020), Chair of the Basic Science Section (2016–2018), coordinator of the Study Group on Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction, and member of the HFA study groups of Translational Research and Cardio‐oncology
Authors: Andrew J.S. Coats
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2020)
Abstract 33: Associations of Gestational Cardiovascular Health With Pregnancy Outcomes: The Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Study
Authors: Amanda M Perak, Nicola Lancki, Alan Kuang, Darwin R Labarthe, Svati H Shah, Lynn Lowe, Denise Scholtens, Donald M Lloyd-Jones, William Lowe
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Combinations of risk factor levels typically contribute more to population burdens of disease than single adverse risk factors. CVH (as defined by the AHA) characterizes a range of health levels, but its significance in pregnancy for obstetric and neonatal outcomes is unknown. Methods: Data from the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Study were analyzed, including 1,754 mother-child dyads from 9 field centers in 6 countries: US (26%), Barbados (24%), UK (20%), China (15%), Thailand (8%), and Canada (7%). Maternal CVH was scored (0-10 points, with 10 most favorable) at a mean of 28 (range 23-34) weeks’ gestation using 5 metrics ( Table ). Cord blood was collected at delivery, neonatal anthropometrics were measured within 72 hours, and medical records were abstracted for obstetric outcomes. Logistic regression was utilized to test associations of gestational CVH with obstetric and neonatal outcomes, adjusted for center and maternal and infant characteristics ( Table footnote). Results: The mean gestational CVH score was 8.2 (SD 1.5) out of 10; 18% of mothers had all ideal, 37% had 1+ intermediate, 34% had 1 poor, and 9% had 2+ poor metrics. In fully adjusted models ( Table ), odds ratios per 1 point higher (better) CVH score were 0.65 (95% CI, 0.56-0.76) for preeclampsia, 0.89 (0.78-1.00) for unplanned primary cesarean section (among primiparous mothers), 0.84 (0.77-0.93) for large for gestational age infant, 0.87 (0.79-0.97) for infant sum of skinfolds &gt;90 th percentile, and 0.77 (0.69-0.86) for infant insulin sensitivity index (20/[C-peptide*glucose]) &lt;10 th percentile. CVH categories were also associated with outcomes; for example, compared with mothers with all metrics ideal, odds ratios for preeclampsia were 2.00 (0.71-7.14) for mothers with 1+ intermediate, 4.34 (1.63-15.09) for mothers with 1 poor, and 9.40 (3.22-34.52) for mothers with 2+ poor metrics. Conclusion: More favorable levels of gestational CVH were associated with healthier obstetric and neonatal outcomes in this multinational cohort.
Abstract 07: Association of Social Network Characteristics With Cardiovascular Health and Coronary Artery Calcium in South Asians: The Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study
Authors: Nilay S Shah, Mark D Huffman, Sadiya S Khan, John A Schneider, Juned Siddique, Alka M Kanaya, Namratha Kandula
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: South Asian Americans (SAs) have disproportionately high burden of poor cardiovascular health (CVH) and CVD, which may be influenced by people within their social network (SN). We examined the association of SN characteristics and SN member (“alter”) health with CVH and coronary artery calcium (CAC) in SAs to identify targets for CVD prevention in this high-risk community. Hypothesis: Smaller SN size and worse alter health is associated with poor CVH and CAC in SAs. Methods: In 699 SAs in the MASALA Study, SN characteristics (size, density, proportion of kin or SA ethnicity), alter health status (self-report of an alter with high blood pressure [HTN], hyperlipidemia [HL], heart disease, diabetes, or stroke), CVH score (0-14, based on poor, intermediate, or ideal blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose, physical activity, diet, weight, and smoking), and CAC data were collected between 2016-2018. Multiple logistic regression evaluated the association of SN characteristics or alter health with prevalent CVH and CAC. Results: Participants were mean age 59±9 years and 43% women. Mean CVH score was 8.9±1.9, median CAC score 8 (range 0 - 4217). SNs were mean 6±3 people, density 79±26%, 72±28% kin, 88±23% SA ethnicity; 48% had an alter with HTN, 42% with HL, 18% with heart disease, 40% with diabetes, and 2% with stroke. A 1-person larger SN size was associated with a 19% higher odds of ideal vs. poor CVH in men (p=0.02), and an 11% lower odds of CAC in women (p=0.05, Table). In men, having at least 1 alter with HTN or HL was associated with a 58% or 54% lower odds of ideal vs. poor CVH (p=0.03, p=0.04), and having at least 1 alter with HL was associated with a 78% higher odds of CAC (p=0.05). No associations were seen between other SN characteristics, nor alters with other CVD risk factors, and CVH or CAC. Conclusions: In SAs, larger SN size was associated with better CVH. Having a SN member with HTN or HL may be associated with poorer CVH and CAC. Interventions to increase SN size or target SN member CVH may promote CVH in this high-risk population.
Association of Intensive Lifestyle Intervention, Fitness, and Body Mass Index With Risk of Heart Failure in Overweight or Obese Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ambarish Pandey, Kershaw V. Patel, Judy L. Bahnson, Sarah A. Gaussoin, Corby K. Martin, Ashok Balasubramanyam, Karen C. Johnson, Darren K. McGuire, Alain G. Bertoni, Dalane Kitzman, Jarett D. Berry
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a higher risk for heart failure (HF). The impact of a lifestyle intervention and changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body mass index on risk for HF is not well established. Methods: Participants from the Look AHEAD trial (Action for Health in Diabetes) without prevalent HF were included. Time-to-event analyses were used to compare the risk of incident HF between the intensive lifestyle intervention and diabetes support and education groups. The associations of baseline measures of CRF estimated from a maximal treadmill test, body mass index, and longitudinal changes in these parameters with risk of HF were evaluated with multivariable adjusted Cox models. Results: Among the 5109 trial participants, there was no significant difference in the risk of incident HF (n=257) between the intensive lifestyle intervention and the diabetes support and education groups (hazard ratio, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.75–1.23]) over a median follow-up of 12.4 years. In the most adjusted Cox models, the risk of HF was 39% and 62% lower among moderate fit (tertile 2: hazard ratio, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.44–0.83]) and high fit (tertile 3: hazard ratio, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.24–0.59]) groups, respectively (referent group: low fit, tertile 1). Among HF subtypes, after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and interval incidence of myocardial infarction, baseline CRF was not significantly associated with risk of incident HF with reduced ejection fraction. In contrast, the risk of incident HF with preserved ejection fraction was 40% lower in the moderate fit group and 77% lower in the high fit group. Baseline body mass index also was not associated with risk of incident HF, HF with preserved ejection fraction, or HF with reduced ejection fraction after adjustment for CRF and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Among participants with repeat CRF assessments (n=3902), improvements in CRF and weight loss over a 4-year follow-up were significantly associated with lower risk of HF (hazard ratio per 10% increase in CRF, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.82–0.99]; per 10% decrease in body mass index, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.69–0.94]). Conclusions: Among participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Look AHEAD trial, the intensive lifestyle intervention did not appear to modify the risk of HF. Higher baseline CRF and sustained improvements in CRF and weight loss were associated with lower risk of HF. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT00017953.
FUNCTIONAL IRON DEFICIENCY IN HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED VERSUS REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Yeo Tee Joo, Poh Shuan Yeo, David Kheng Leng Sim, Kui toh Leong, Hean Yee Ong, Fazlur Jaufeerally, Kim Yee Lee, Lieng Ling, Mark Richards, Carolyn Lam
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Healthcare (HC) utilization and costs in patients (pts) with newly diagnosed metastatic thyroid cancer (mTC)
Authors: A. Berger, J. Edelsberg, K. Chung, A. Ngyuyen, D. Stepan, G. Oster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

17082 Background: mTC is relatively rare and little is known about treatment patterns or HC costs in patients with newly diagnosed disease. Methods: Retrospective longitudinal cohort study. Using a large (∼14 million covered lives) US health-insurance claims database, we identified a cohort of pts with diagnoses of thyroid cancer (ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes 193.XX) and distant metastatic disease (197.XX-198.XX) between 1/1/2003 and 12/31/2005 (“study period”); the date of first mention of metastatic disease was designated the “index date”. All pts were required to be =18 years of age as of their index date and to have been continuously enrolled in the database for =6 months prior to this date. Pts were followed from their index date until health plan disenrollment (for any reason) or end of the study period, whichever occurred first. Utilization of HC services and costs (total reimbursed amount including pt liability) were then examined during each quarter of follow-up (eg, first 3 months of follow-up=Q1). Results: 183 pts met all study entry criteria. Mean (±SD) age was 51.5 (11.8) years; mean duration of follow-up was 344 days (median=275 days). Most common management/treatment strategies during Q1 included: imaging [eg, US/CT of the neck (49.7%)], thyroglobulin/thyroglobulin antibody testing (25.7%); radiation therapy (23.0%); I 131 therapy (19.1%); thyroid surgery (12.6%); chemotherapy (10.9%); lymphadenectomy (8.7%); and bisphosphonate therapy (3.8%). In addition, during Q1, pts averaged 9.5 office visits (95% CI, 8.2, 10.9) and 0.6 hospitalizations (95% CI, 0.5, 0.7); for pts hospitalized during Q1, average length of stay was 6.6 (95% CI, 4.9, 8.4). Costs during the first 2 years of follow-up are presented in the table ; inpt care represented 43% of total HC costs. Conclusions: Many different treatment modalities are used in pts with newly diagnosed mTC; the cost of such care is substantial. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Annals On Call - What Does It Mean to Fight Cancer?
Authors: Robert M. Centor, Kate Lally
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Web Exclusives3 March 2020Annals On Call - What Does It Mean to Fight Cancer?FREERobert M. Centor, MD and Kate Lally, MDRobert M. Centor, MDHuntsville Regional Medical Campus, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama (R.M.C.)Search for more papers by this author and Kate Lally, MDDana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/A19-0025 CME/MOC SectionsAboutVisual Abstract ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail In this episode of Annals On Call, Dr. Centor discusses the concept of patients with cancer as fighters with Dr. Kate Lally. The learner will gain knowledge to fill knowledge gaps related to the care of and communication with patients who are facing cancer diagnoses.Annals articles discussed include...Fighter: https://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/2753078/fighterAbout Annals On CallAnnals On Call focuses on a clinically influential article published in Annals of Internal Medicine. Dr. Robert Centor shares his own perspective on the material and interviews topic area experts to discuss, debate, and share diverse insights about patient care and health care delivery.For more information on Annals On Call and for more episodes, visit go.annals.org/OnCall. Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Huntsville Regional Medical Campus, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama (R.M.C.)Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.)Disclosures: Dr. Centor has disclosed the following: Honoraria: Medscape. Dr. Lally has disclosed no conflicts of interest.Editors' Disclosures: Christine Laine, MD, MPH, Editor in Chief, reports that her spouse has stock options/holdings with Targeted Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Darren B. Taichman, MD, PhD, Executive Editor, reports that he has no financial relationships or interests to disclose. Cynthia D. Mulrow, MD, MSc, Senior Deputy Editor, reports that she has no relationships or interests to disclose. Jaya K. Rao, MD, MHS, Deputy Editor, reports that she has stock holdings/options in Eli Lilly and Pfizer. Christina C. Wee, MD, MPH, Deputy Editor, reports employment with Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Sankey V. Williams, MD, Deputy Editor, reports that he has no financial relationships or interests to disclose. Yu-Xiao Yang, MD, MSCE, Deputy Editor, reports that he has no financial relationships or interest to disclose. Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoFighter Kate Lally Metrics 3 March 2020Volume 172, Issue 5Page: OC1KeywordsConflicts of interestDiagnostic techniquesDisclosureHealth carePatients ePublished: 3 March 2020 Issue Published: 3 March 2020 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2020 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Identification of risk factors in mammographically occult contralateral breast carcinoma detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Authors: J. R. Bernard, L. A. Vallow, S. Packianathan, D. G. Feigel, E. R. DePeri, S. J. Buskirk, E. A. Perez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

614 Background: An analysis of preoperative bilateral breast MRI at our institution suggests that approximately 1/3 of patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer may have a mammographically occult, but MRI-evident, contralateral breast abnormality. A number of these patients will have pathologic confirmation of carcinoma in the contralateral breast. Identification of risk factors to predict which patients are at high risk for having a mammographically occult contralateral carcinoma was performed. Methods: MRI results of 401 women with newly diagnosed breast carcinoma who underwent MRI were reviewed (overall group; OG). Patients with a contralateral abnormality identified only by MRI were analyzed to determine the incidence of contralateral carcinoma. In addition, the following risk factors were evaluated: Age at diagnosis, menopausal status, tumor size, nodal status, ipsilateral tumor histology, tumor grade, hormone receptor status, Her-2/neu receptor status, and whether the patient had a palpable vs. mammographically detected abnormality. Results: Pathologically confirmed contralateral carcinoma (CC) was found in 13 patients (3.2%). Similar percentages of patients in both groups (OG and CC) were noted in regard to tumor size, histology, grade, nodal status, Her-2/neu receptor status, and method of detection (palpable vs. mammographic). However, median patient age was 71 (CC) vs. 62(OG); 92% (12/13) were postmenopausal (CC) compared to 75% (OG); and 100% were ER positive (CC) vs. 81% percent (OG). Conclusions: Older, postmenopausal women who have ER + tumors may have a higher likelihood of having synchronous, contralateral, mammographically occult, MRI-detected breast carcinoma. Preoperative MRI may be beneficial in patients with similar risk factors; however, further follow up and additional experience is needed for confirmation of these findings. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Molecular implications of MUC5AC-CD44 axis in colorectal cancer progression and chemoresistance
Authors: Ramesh Pothuraju, Satyanarayana Rachagani, Shiv Ram Krishn, Sanjib Chaudhary, Rama Krishna Nimmakayala, Jawed A. Siddiqui, Koelina Ganguly, Imayavaramban Lakshmanan, Jesse L. Cox, Kavita Mallya, Sukhwinder Kaur, Surinder K. Batra
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2020)

Abstract Background Differential expression of mucins has been associated with several cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). In normal physiological conditions, secretory mucin MUC5AC is not expressed in the colonic mucosa, whereas its aberrant expression is observed during development of colon cancer and its precursor lesions. To date, the molecular mechanism of MUC5AC in CRC progression and drug resistance remains obscure. Methods MUC5AC expression was determined in colon tissue microarray by immunohistochemistry. A RNA interference and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated system was used to knockdown/knockout the MUC5AC in CRC cell lines to delineate its role in CRC tumorigenesis using in vitro functional assays and in vivo (sub-cutaneous and colon orthotopic) mouse models. Finally, CRC cell lines and xenograft models were used to identify the mechanism of action of MUC5AC. Results Overexpression of MUC5AC is observed in CRC patient tissues and cell lines. MUC5AC expression resulted in enhanced cell invasion and migration, and decreased apoptosis of CRC cells. MUC5AC interacted with CD44 physically, which was accompanied by the activation of Src signaling. Further, the presence of MUC5AC resulted in enhanced tumorigenesis and appearance of metastatic lesions in orthotopic mouse model. Additionally, up-regulation of MUC5AC resulted in resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin, and its knockout increased sensitivity to these drugs. Finally, we observed that up-regulation of MUC5AC conferred resistance to 5-FU through down-regulation of p53 and its target gene p21 and up-regulation of β-catenin and its target genes CD44 and Lgr5. Conclusion Our findings suggest that differential expression of secretory mucin MUC5AC results in enhanced tumorigenesis and also confers chemoresistance via CD44/β-catenin/p53/p21 signaling.
Abstract MP46: Metabolomic Response to Randomized Treatment With Estrogen and Estrogen Plus Progestin Therapy in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Jie Hu, Jun Li, Raji Balasubramanian, Clary Clish, Aladdin Shadyab, Joann E Manson, Kathryn M Rexrode
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Hormone therapy (HT) has been linked to chronic disease risk in postmenopausal women, but the effect of HT on the metabolome is unclear. Hypothesis: Randomized HT is associated with perturbations in the metabolome. Methods: The discovery set, from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), included 288 women in the conjugated equine estrogens-alone (CEE) trial (139 active; 149 placebo) and 244 women in the CEE + medroxyprogesterone acetate (CEE+MPA) trial (133 active; 111 placebo). Blood samples were collected 1 year after intervention. The validation set included 494 women from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and NHS2 (264 non-users, 158 estrogen-alone users, and 72 estrogen + progestogen users). Plasma metabolome was profiled by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; 478 known metabolites were used in analyses. We used elastic net regressions to develop metabolomic signatures for CEE and CEE+MPA in the WHI, adjusting for age and race. We applied the signature models to NHS/NHS2 and compared the signatures of current HT users to those of non-users. Pathway analysis was done using MetaboAnalyst. Results: In the WHI, we identified a CEE metabolomic signature comprised of 42 metabolites and a CEE+MPA signature comprised of 34 metabolites ( Fig. A ). The two signatures shared 8 metabolites (4 amino acids, 2 glycerophospholipids, and 2 quaternary amines). In NHS/NHS2, CEE and CEE+MPA signatures were highly correlated ( r =0.85) and both significantly higher in current HT users than non-users ( P ≤2.7х10 -15 ) ( Fig. B ). The CEE+MPA signature metabolites were enriched in 3 pathways (glycerophospholipid metabolism; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism); no pathway enrichment was found for the CEE signature. Conclusions: We identified and validated metabolomic signatures for CEE and CEE+MPA use in postmenopausal women from WHI and NHS/NHS2. Whether alterations in lipid or amino acid metabolism mediate associations of HT use with chronic disease needs future investigation.