tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changing the innate consensus about mesh fixation in trans-abdominal preperitoneal laparoscopic inguinal hernioplasty in adults: Short and long term outcome. Randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Tamer.A.A.M. Habeeb, Mohammed Mahmoud Mokhtar, Bassem Sieda, Gamal Osman, Amr Ibrahim, Abd-Elrahman M. Metwalli, Mohamed Riad, Osama M.H. Khalil, Mohamed Ibrahim Mansour, Tamer Mohamed Elshahidy, Mohamed I. Abdelhamid, Moustafa B. Mohamed
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2020)
Managing COVID-19 in a Novel, Rapidly Deployable Community Isolation Quarantine Facility
Authors: Ming Li Chia, Dickson Hong Him Chau, Kheng Sit Lim, Christopher Wei Yang Liu, Hiang Khoon Tan, Yan Ru Tan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Singapore is one of the most densely populated small island–states in the world. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Singapore implemented large-scale institutional isolation units called Community Care Facilities (CCFs) to combat the outbreak in the community by housing low-risk COVID-19 patients from April to August 2020. The CCFs were created rapidly by converting existing public spaces and used a protocolized system, augmented by telemedicine to enable a low health care worker–patient ratio (98 health care workers for 3200 beds), to operate these unique facilities. In the first month, a total of 3758 patients were admitted to 4 halls, 4929 in-house medical consults occurred, 136 patients were transferred to a hospital, 1 patient died 2 weeks after discharge, and no health care workers became infected. This article shares the authors' experience in operating these massive-scale isolation facilities while prioritizing safety for all and ensuring holistic patient care in the face of a public health crisis and lean health care resources.
Identification of Modifiable Social and Behavioral Factors Associated With Childhood Cognitive Performance
Authors: Kaja Z. LeWinn, Nicole R. Bush, Akansha Batra, Frances Tylavsky, David Rehkopf
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

Inequities in social environments are likely associated with a large portion of racial disparities in childhood cognitive performance. Identification of the specific exposures associated with cognitive development is needed to inform prevention efforts.To identify modifiable factors associated with childhood cognitive performance.This longitudinal pregnancy cohort study included 1503 mother-child dyads who were enrolled in the University of Tennessee Health Science Center-Conditions Affecting Neurodevelopment and Learning in Early Life study between December 1, 2006, and July 31, 2011, and assessed annually until the children were aged 4 to 6 years. The analytic sample comprised 1055 mother-child dyads. A total of 155 prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal exposures were included to evaluate environment-wide associations. Participants comprised a community-based sample of pregnant women who were recruited between 16 weeks and 28 weeks of gestation from 4 hospitals in Shelby County, Tennessee. Women with high-risk pregnancies were excluded. Data were analyzed from June 1, 2018, to April 15, 2019.Individual and neighborhood socioeconomic position, family structure, maternal mental health, nutrition, delivery complications, birth outcomes, and parenting behaviors.Child's full-scale IQ measured by the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition, at age 4 to 6 years.Of 1055 children included in the analytic sample, 532 (50.4%) were female. Among mothers, the mean (SD) age was 26.0 (5.6) years; 676 mothers (64.1%) were Black, and 623 mothers (59.0%) had an educational level of high school or less. Twenty-four factors were retained in the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis and full models adjusted for potential confounding. Associations were noted between child cognitive performance and parental education and breastfeeding; for each increase of 1.0 SD in exposure, positive associations were found with cognitive growth fostering from observed parent-child interactions (β = 1.12; 95% CI, 0.24-2.00) and maternal reading ability (β = 1.42; 95% CI, 0.16-2.68), and negative associations were found with parenting stress (β = -1.04; 95% CI, -1.86 to -0.21). A moderate increase in these beneficial exposures was associated with a notable improvement in estimated cognitive test scores using marginal means (0.5% of an SD). Black children experienced fewer beneficial cognitive performance exposures; in a model including all 24 exposures and covariates, no racial disparity was observed in cognitive performance (95% CIs for race included the null).The prospective analysis identified multiple beneficial and modifiable cognitive performance exposures that were associated with mean differences in cognitive performance by race. The findings from this observational study may help guide experimental studies focused on reducing racial disparities in childhood cognitive performance.
The Riyadh Declaration: the role of digital health in fighting pandemics
Authors: Bandar Al Knawy, Mahmood Adil, George Crooks, Kyu Rhee, David Bates, Hani Jokhdar, Michael Klag, Uichin Lee, Ali H Mokdad, Louise Schaper, Raed Al Hazme, Ali M Al Khathaami, Joud Abduljawad
Journal: The Lancet (2020)
Ebola Response Priorities in the Time of Covid-19
Authors: Athalia Christie, John C. Neatherlin, Stuart T. Nichol, Michael Beach, Robert R. Redfield
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Ebola Response Priorities in the Time of Covid-19 Although the 10th outbreak of Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo was declared over in late June 2020, additional cases attribu...
The Usefulness of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in the Assessment of Patients Before Pacemaker Implantation
Authors: Yiling Situ, Linda Lin, Sam Emmanuel, Rajesh Subbiah, Belinda Watson, Mayooran Namasivayam, Jane McCrohon, Andrew Jabbour, Cameron J. Holloway
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2020)
Differential Emergence and Stability of Sensory and Temporal Representations in Context-Specific Hippocampal Sequences
Authors: Jiannis Taxidis, Eftychios A. Pnevmatikakis, Conor C. Dorian, Apoorva L. Mylavarapu, Jagmeet S. Arora, Kian D. Samadian, Emily A. Hoffberg, Peyman Golshani
Journal: Neuron (2020)
Why have we been slow to act on air pollution as a public health issue?
Authors: Gabriel L Van Duinen
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Holst and colleagues discuss the asthma risk to children of being exposed to fine particular matter (PM2.5).1 Their findings should be of concern to everyone interested in public health. 

Over 92% of the world’s population has exposure to levels of PM2.5 that exceed World Health Organization guidelines.2 This is not just the smog and haze seen …
Gastric adenomas and their management in familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Isabel Martin, Victorine H. Roos, Chukwuemeka Anele, Sarah-Jane Walton, Victoria Cuthill, Noriko Suzuki, Barbara A. Bastiaansen, Susan K. Clark, Alexander von Roon, Evelien Dekker, Andrew Latchford
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) are at increased risk of developing gastric adenomas. There is limited understanding of their clinical course and no consensus on management. We reviewed the management of gastric adenomas in patients with FAP from two centers.Patients with FAP and histologically confirmed gastric adenomas were identified between 1997 and 2018. Patient demographics, adenoma characteristics, and management/surveillance outcomes were collected.Of 726 patients with FAP, 104 (14 %; 49 female) were diagnosed with gastric adenomas at a median age of 47 years (range 19 - 80). The median size of gastric adenomas was 6 mm (range 1.5 - 50); 64 (62 %) patients had adenomas located distally to the incisura. Five patients (5 %) had gastric adenomas demonstrating high-grade dysplasia (HGD) on initial diagnosis, distributed equally within the stomach. The risk of HGD was associated with adenoma size (P = 0.04). Of adenomas > 20 mm, 33 % contained HGD. Two patients had gastric cancer at initial gastric adenoma diagnosis. A total of 63 patients (61 %) underwent endoscopic therapy for gastric adenomas. Complications occurred in three patients (5 %) and two (3 %) had recurrence, all following piecemeal resection of large (30 - 50 mm) lesions. Three patients were diagnosed with gastric cancer at median follow-up of 66 months (range 66 - 115) after initial diagnosis.We observed gastric adenomas in 14 % of patients with FAP. Of these, 5 % contained HGD; risk of HGD correlated with adenoma size. Endoscopic resection was feasible, with few complications and low recurrence rates, but did not completely eliminate the cancer risk.
Periprocedural Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis Associated With Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Therapy During Colonoscopy
Authors: Emily J. Meyer, Edward Mignone, Anthony Hade, Venkatesan Thiruvenkatarajan, Robert V. Bryant, David Jesudason
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

More than 10% of adults undergoing colonoscopy have type 2 diabetes (T2D) (1). The use of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) has increased due to their glycemic control and benefits of lowering cardiovascular morbidity and mortality as well as reducing diabetic nephropathy (2,3).

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a rare complication associated with SGLT2i. Precipitating factors include fasting, dietary modifications, intercurrent illnesses, surgical stress, insulin insufficiency, and inappropriate management of SGLT2i in the periprocedural period. SGLT2i-induced ketoacidosis can present either with elevated blood glucose levels (BGL) or with near-normal BGL (<250 mg/dL), termed euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (EDKA) (4). Interventional gastroenterology procedures, in particular colonoscopy, pose risk for EDKA with SGLT2i use due to cathartic bowel preparation, fluid-only dietary restriction, and fasting. We present a series of cases of EDKA in the setting of colonoscopy and discuss its procedure-specific implications.

Eight cases of SGLT2i-associated EDKA in the setting of colonoscopy were identified between August 2019 and February 2020 across three centers. Five cases were identified through the Central Adelaide Local Health Network (CALHN), South Australia, and three were identified at the Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital (RBWH), Queensland. Ethical approval was obtained from the CALHN (13194) and RBWH (LNR/2020/QRBW/61873) Human Research Ethics Committees.

All patients had T2D and were aged between 45 and 75 years (Table 1). One patient was on a very-low-calorie diet, which may have been a contributory …
Generation of a p16 Reporter Mouse and Its Use to Characterize and Target p16high Cells In Vivo
Authors: Satotaka Omori, Teh-Wei Wang, Yoshikazu Johmura, Tomomi Kanai, Yasuhiro Nakano, Taketomo Kido, Etsuo A. Susaki, Takuya Nakajima, Shigeyuki Shichino, Satoshi Ueha, Manabu Ozawa, Kisho Yokote, Soichiro Kumamoto, Atsuya Nishiyama, Takeharu Sakamoto, Kiyoshi Yamaguchi, Seira Hatakeyama, Eigo Shimizu, Kotoe Katayama, Yasuhiro Yamada, Satoshi Yamazaki, Kanako Iwasaki, Chika Miyoshi, Hiromasa Funato, Masashi Yanagisawa, Hiroo Ueno, Seiya Imoto, Yoichi Furukawa, Nobuaki Yoshida, Kouji Matsushima, Hiroki R. Ueda, Atsushi Miyajima, Makoto Nakanishi
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2020)
Association of SARS-CoV-2 Test Status and Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Mia Ahlberg, Martin Neovius, Sissel Saltvedt, Jonas Söderling, Karin Pettersson, Clara Brandkvist, Olof Stephansson
Journal: JAMA (2020)

David Baud, MD, PhD; Gilbert Greub, MD, PhD; Guillaume Favre, MD; Carole Gengler, MD; Katia Jaton, PhD; Estelle Dubruc, MD; Léo Pomar, MSc
IDO-inhibitor potentiated immunogenic chemotherapy abolishes primary tumor growth and eradicates metastatic lesions by targeting distinct compartments within tumor microenvironment
Authors: Qilin Li, Jia Liu, Huiling Fan, Lin Shi, Yan Deng, Lei Zhao, Mengxi Xiang, Yunruo Xu, Xulin Jiang, Guobin Wang, Lin Wang, Zheng Wang
Journal: Biomaterials (2020)
ERG-Mediated Coregulator Complex Formation Maintains Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Neel Shah, Nikolas Kesten, Alba Font-Tello, Matthew E.K. Chang, Raga Vadhi, Klothilda Lim, Mark R. Flory, Paloma Cejas, Hisham Mohammed, Henry W. Long, Myles Brown
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

The TMPRSS2-ERG fusion is the most common genomic rearrangement in human prostate cancer. However, in established adenocarcinoma, it is unknown how the ERG oncogene promotes a cancerous phenotype and maintains downstream androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathways. In this study, we utilized a murine prostate organoid system to explore the effects of ERG on tumorigenesis and determined the mechanism underlying prostate cancer dependence on ERG. Prostate organoids lacking PTEN and overexpressing ERG (Pten-/- R26-ERG) faithfully recapitulated distinct stages of prostate cancer disease progression. In this model, deletion of ERG significantly dampened AR-dependent gene expression. While ERG was able to reprogram the AR cistrome in the process of prostate carcinogenesis, ERG knockout in established prostate cancer organoids did not drastically alter AR binding, H3K27ac enhancer, or open chromatin profiles at these reprogrammed sites. Proteomic analysis of DNA-bound AR complexes demonstrated that ERG deletion causes a loss of recruitment of critical AR coregulators and basal transcriptional machinery, including NCOA3 and RNA polymerase II, but does not alter AR binding itself. Together, these data reveal a novel mechanism of ERG oncogene addiction in prostate cancer, whereby ERG facilitates AR signaling by maintaining coregulator complexes at AR bound sites across the genome. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings exploit murine organoid models to uncover the mechanism of ERG-mediated tumorigenesis and subsequent oncogenic dependencies in prostate cancer.
A Nuclear Long Non-Coding RNA LINC00618 Accelerates Ferroptosis in a Manner Dependent upon Apoptosis
Authors: Zuli Wang, Xiaowen Chen, Na Liu, Ying Shi, Yating Liu, Lianlian Ouyang, Samantha Tam, Desheng Xiao, Shuang Liu, Feiqiu Wen, Yongguang Tao
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2020)

Ferroptosis is primarily caused by intracellular iron catalytic activity and lipid peroxidation. The potential interplay between ferroptosis and apoptosis remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the expression of a nuclear long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), LINC00618, is reduced in human leukemia and strongly increased by vincristine (VCR) treatment. Furthermore, LINC00618 promotes apoptosis by increasing the levels of BCL2-Associated X (BAX) and cleavage of caspase-3. LINC00618 also accelerates ferroptosis by increasing the levels of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) and iron, two surrogate markers of ferroptosis, and decreasing the expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11). Interestingly, VCR-induced ferroptosis and apoptosis are promoted by LINC00618, and LINC00618 accelerates ferroptosis in a manner dependent upon apoptosis. LINC00618 attenuates the expression of lymphoid-specific helicase (LSH), and LSH enhances the transcription of SLC7A11 after the recruitment to the promoter regions of SLC7A11, further inhibiting ferroptosis. Knowledge of these mechanisms demonstrates that lncRNAs related to ferroptosis and apoptosis are critical to leukemogenesis and chemotherapy. Ferroptosis is primarily caused by intracellular iron catalytic activity and lipid peroxidation. The potential interplay between ferroptosis and apoptosis remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the expression of a nuclear long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), LINC00618, is reduced in human leukemia and strongly increased by vincristine (VCR) treatment. Furthermore, LINC00618 promotes apoptosis by increasing the levels of BCL2-Associated X (BAX) and cleavage of caspase-3. LINC00618 also accelerates ferroptosis by increasing the levels of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) and iron, two surrogate markers of ferroptosis, and decreasing the expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11). Interestingly, VCR-induced ferroptosis and apoptosis are promoted by LINC00618, and LINC00618 accelerates ferroptosis in a manner dependent upon apoptosis. LINC00618 attenuates the expression of lymphoid-specific helicase (LSH), and LSH enhances the transcription of SLC7A11 after the recruitment to the promoter regions of SLC7A11, further inhibiting ferroptosis. Knowledge of these mechanisms demonstrates that lncRNAs related to ferroptosis and apoptosis are critical to leukemogenesis and chemotherapy.
Polymeric Hydrogel Systems as Emerging Biomaterial Platforms to Enable Hemostasis and Wound Healing
Authors: Sara Pourshahrestani, Ehsan Zeimaran, Nahrizul Adib Kadri, Nurshen Mutlu, Aldo R. Boccaccini
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Broad interest in developing new hemostatic technologies arises from unmet needs in mitigating uncontrolled hemorrhage in emergency, surgical, and battlefield settings. Although a variety of hemostats, sealants, and adhesives are available, development of ideal hemostatic compositions that offer a range of remarkable properties including capability to effectively and immediately manage bleeding, excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability, antibacterial effect, and strong tissue adhesion properties, under wet and dynamic conditions, still remains a challenge. Benefiting from tunable mechanical properties, high porosity, biocompatibility, injectability and ease of handling, polymeric hydrogels with outstanding hemostatic properties have been receiving increasing attention over the past several years. In this review, after shedding light on hemostasis and wound healing processes, the most recent progresses in hydrogel systems engineered from natural and synthetic polymers for hemostatic applications are discussed based on a comprehensive literature review. Most studies described used in vivo models with accessible and compressible wounds to assess the hemostatic performance of hydrogels. The challenges that need to be tackled to accelerate the translation of these novel hemostatic hydrogel systems to clinical practice are emphasized and future directions for research in the field are presented.
Once-Weekly Insulin for Type 2 Diabetes without Previous Insulin Treatment
Authors: Julio Rosenstock, Harpreet S. Bajaj, Andrej Janež, Robert Silver, Kamilla Begtrup, Melissa V. Hansen, Ting Jia, Ronald Goldenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

It is thought that a reduction in the frequency of basal insulin injections might facilitate treatment acceptance and adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes. Insulin icodec is a basal insulin analogue designed for once-weekly administration that is in development for the treatment of diabetes.We conducted a 26-week, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, phase 2 trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of once-weekly insulin icodec as compared with once-daily insulin glargine U100 in patients who had not previously received long-term insulin treatment and whose type 2 diabetes was inadequately controlled (glycated hemoglobin level, 7.0 to 9.5%) while taking metformin with or without a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor. The primary end point was the change in glycated hemoglobin level from baseline to week 26. Safety end points, including episodes of hypoglycemia and insulin-related adverse events, were also evaluated.A total of 247 participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive icodec or glargine. Baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups; the mean baseline glycated hemoglobin level was 8.09% in the icodec group and 7.96% in the glargine group. The estimated mean change from baseline in the glycated hemoglobin level was -1.33 percentage points in the icodec group and -1.15 percentage points in the glargine group, to estimated means of 6.69% and 6.87%, respectively, at week 26; the estimated between-group difference in the change from baseline was -0.18 percentage points (95% CI, -0.38 to 0.02, P = 0.08). The observed rates of hypoglycemia with severity of level 2 (blood glucose level, <54 mg per deciliter) or level 3 (severe cognitive impairment) were low (icodec group, 0.53 events per patient-year; glargine group, 0.46 events per patient-year; estimated rate ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.45 to 2.65). There was no between-group difference in insulin-related key adverse events, and rates of hypersensitivity and injection-site reactions were low. Most adverse events were mild, and no serious events were deemed to be related to the trial medications.Once-weekly treatment with insulin icodec had glucose-lowering efficacy and a safety profile similar to those of once-daily insulin glargine U100 in patients with type 2 diabetes. (Funded by Novo Nordisk; NN1436-4383 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03751657.).
18F-FDG PET/CT in Osteoradionecrosis of the Hyoid
Authors: Sophia Huntley Antippa, Leanne Du, Nathan Price, Charlie Chia-Tsong Hsu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a well-documented complication following radiation treatment for head and neck malignancy. Facial bones, mainly the mandible, laryngeal cartilage, and skull, are frequently involved sites for ORN. A rare site for ORN is the hyoid, with very limited cases described in the literature. Recognition of the imaging pattern of hyoid ORN is critical to avoid misdiagnosis of recurrent disease, prompting early treatment.
Serum inflammatory factors are positively correlated with the production of specific antibodies in coronavirus disease 2019 patients
Authors: Meijuan Zheng, Yong Gao, Siyu Liu, Dandan Sun, Fan Yang, Lu Zong, Min Zhang, Zhigang Tian, Yuanhong Xu, Haoyu Sun
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2020)

The ongoing spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) constitutes an international concern on an unprecedented scale.To date, over 23 million people have been diagnosed with COVID-19 worldwide, and this disease has caused more than 800,000 deaths.Hyperinflammation elicited by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been reported to contribute to illness severity and death. 1,2Humoral immune responses play important roles in therapy and prophylaxis for SARS-CoV-2 infection.Since the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein binds to angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 to trigger virion endocytosis, antibodies against this domain may be able to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 and possibly provide protective immunity in COVID-19 patients. 3linical trials investigating the administration of convalescent plasma and the interleukin (IL)-6 antagonist tocilizumab to treat COVID-19 patients are currently underway, 4 but the overly robust expansion of antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) could play a major role in the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients. 5Thus, a detailed characterization of the associations between humoral immune responses and inflammatory factors could result in a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2-host interactions in COVID-19 patients.In the current study, the levels of RBD-specific IgG, RBD-specific IgA, and the frequencies of ASCs and ICOS+ T follicular helper (TFH) cells were found to be higher in severely affected COVID-19 patients than those in nonseverely affected patients.Follow-up analysis of COVID-19 patients demonstrated that humoral immune responses were positively correlated with the levels of IL-6, C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), and C5a.Positive correlations between the serum CXCL13 level and the levels of IL-6 and CXCL10 were also noted in COVID-19 patients.Taken together, these results indicate that there is a close relationship between humoral immunity and inflammatory factors, and the generation of protective humoral immunity could be a double-edged sword in COVID-19 patients.A total of 54 hospital-admitted COVID-19 patients (41 nonsevere cases and 13 severe cases) were assessed in the present study.The clinical characteristics of the patients and results of their laboratory tests are summarized in Supplementary Tables 1