tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
C-Reactive Protein Test Reduces Antibiotics for COPD Flare-ups
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
RE: Early application of haemostatic powder added to standard management for oesophagogastric variceal bleeding: a randomised trial
Authors: Michael Johnston, Charlotte Cook, Ryan Malcolm Buchanan
Journal: Gut (2019)

We read with interest the article by Ibrahim et al , which describes a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of early endoscopy with Hemospray within 2 hours of admission versus ‘early elective endoscopy’ at 12–24 hours for acute variceal bleeding (AVB).1 

We would like to make comments that relate to the internal and external validities of the study. The article indicates that participants consented and were randomised following admission with suspected AVB on the basis of probable underlying liver cirrhosis and fresh blood on nasogastric lavage. However, the article also described how 19 patients were excluded from the trial at endoscopy before randomisation. As the intervention was to undergo an immediate …
The First Two Years of Life in Sickle Cell Anemia Infants: Results of a Comprehensive Longitudinal Study
Authors: Valentine Brousse, Sara El Hoss, Naim Bouazza, Cecile Arnaud, Francoise Bernaudin, Beatrice Pellegrino, Corinne Guitton, Marie-Helene Odievre-Montanié, David Mames, Chantal Brouzes, Veronique Picard, Thao Nguyen-Khoa, Frederique Moatti, Catia Pereira, Claudine Lapoumeroulie, Serge Pissard, Caroline Le Van Kim, Yves Colin Aronovicz, Pierre Buffet, Mohandas Narla, Caroline Elie, Wassim El Nemer, Mariane De Montalembert
Journal: Blood (2017)
Pulmonary vein stenosis mimicking interstitial lung disease
Authors: F. Carriço, C. Gurioli, S. Piciucchi, A. Dubini, S. Tomassetti, V. Poletti
Journal: Pulmonology (2020)

Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is a rare condition, often difficult to diagnose and associated with poor prognosis at advanced stages.Lung parenchymal abnormalities are indirect evidence of PVS and can manifest as multifocal opacities, nodular lesions, unilateral effusions, and interstitial septal thickening.These can lead to erroneous diagnoses of airway disease, pneumonia, malignancies or interstitial lung disease.This review summarizes the current literature about the approach to, evaluation and management of these patients.Our case report demonstrates that PVS is an under-recognized complication of cardiovascular surgery and should be considered in all patients presenting with respiratory symptoms after a cardiac procedure.
Feasibility and physiological effects of prone positioning in non-intubated patients with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 (PRON-COVID): a prospective cohort study
Authors: Anna Coppo, Giacomo Bellani, Dario Winterton, Michela Di Pierro, Alessandro Soria, Paola Faverio, Matteo Cairo, Silvia Mori, Grazia Messinesi, Ernesto Contro, Paolo Bonfanti, Annalisa Benini, Maria Grazia Valsecchi, Laura Antolini, Giuseppe Foti
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2020)
Long-Term Outcomes in KEYNOTE-052: Phase II Study Investigating First-Line Pembrolizumab in Cisplatin-Ineligible Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Cancer
Authors: Jacqueline Vuky, Arjun V. Balar, Daniel Castellano, Peter H. O’Donnell, Petros Grivas, Joaquim Bellmunt, Thomas Powles, Dean Bajorin, Noah M. Hahn, Mary J. Savage, Xiao Fang, James Luke Godwin, Tara L. Frenkl, Blanca Homet Moreno, Ronald de Wit, Elizabeth R. Plimack
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

PURPOSE The phase II single-arm KEYNOTE-052 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of first-line pembrolizumab for patients with locally advanced or metastatic cisplatin-ineligible urothelial carcinoma (UC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Three hundred seventy patients received pembrolizumab 200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks for up to 24 months. Positive tumor programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was defined as combined positive score (CPS) ≥ 10. Response was assessed by independent central review every 9 weeks per RECIST v1.1. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR). RESULTS At data cutoff (September 26, 2018), the minimum follow-up was 2 years since the last patient enrolled. ORR was 28.6% (95% CI, 24.1% to 33.5%); 33 patients (8.9%) and 73 patients (19.7%) achieved complete and partial response, respectively. The median duration of response was 30.1 months (95% CI, 18.1 months to not reached [NR]); responses lasted ≥ 12 and ≥ 24 months in 67% and 52% of patients, respectively. Forty patients with complete or partial response completed 2 years of study treatment, and 32 had ongoing response at completion. Median overall survival (OS) was 11.3 months (95% CI, 9.7 to 13.1 months), and 12- and 24-month OS rates were 46.9% and 31.2%, respectively. In patients with CPS ≥ 10, ORR was 47.3% (95% CI, 37.7% to 57.0%) and median OS was 18.5 months (95% CI, 12.2 to 28.5 months). In patients with lymph node–only disease, ORR was 49.0% (95% CI, 34.8% to 63.4%), and median OS was 27.0 months (12.4 months to NR). There were no new safety signals. CONCLUSION First-line pembrolizumab confers meaningful and durable clinical response in cisplatin-ineligible patients with advanced UC and is associated with prolonged OS, particularly with PD-L1 CPS ≥ 10 and lymph node–only disease.
Cancer Moonshot Immuno-Oncology Translational Network (IOTN): accelerating the clinical translation of basic discoveries for improving immunotherapy and immunoprevention of cancer
Authors: Ananth Annapragada, Andrew Sikora, Catherine Bollard, Jose Conejo-Garcia, Conrad Russell Cruz, Shadmehr Demehri, Michael Demetriou, Levon Demirdjian, Lawrence Fong, Mary Horowitz, Alan Hutson, Kathryn Kadash-Edmondson, Donald Kufe, Steven Lipkin, Song Liu, Claire McCarthy, Martin Morgan, Zachary Morris, Yang Pan, Marcelo Pasquini, Stephen Schoenberger, Eliezer Van Allen, Eduardo Vilar, Yi Xing, Wenjuan Zha, Adekunle Odunsi
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Despite regulatory approval of several immune-based treatments for cancer in the past decade, a number of barriers remain to be addressed in order to fully harness the therapeutic potential of the immune system and provide benefits for patients with cancer. As part of the Cancer Moonshot initiative, the Immuno-Oncology Translational Network (IOTN) was established to accelerate the translation of basic discoveries to improve immunotherapy outcomes across the spectrum of adult cancers and to develop immune-based approaches that prevent cancers before they occur. The IOTN currently consists of 32 academic institutions in the USA. By leveraging cutting-edge preclinical research in immunotherapy and immunoprevention, open data and resource sharing, and fostering highly collaborative team science across the immuno-oncology ecosystem, the IOTN is designed to accelerate the generation of novel mechanism-driven immune-based cancer prevention and therapies, and the development of safe and effective personalized immuno-oncology approaches.
Sustainability, Business, and Health
Authors: George Serafeim, Amanda M. Rischbieth, Howard K. Koh
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Sustainability, Business, and HealthThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has demonstrated that response demands involvement from every sector of society.As a major example, some businesses have stepped up in ways previously unimaginable.Garment companies have repurposed production to face masks and other protective equipment.Alcohol distilleries and perfumeries have shifted production to hand sanitizers.Automobile companies, both voluntarily and as compelled by the Defense Production Act, have worked with the ventilator industry to increase production.More broadly, an early analysis estimates that 64% of the US's 100 largest publicly traded companies have made customer accommodations to COVID-19, including deferred bill payments; 43% have expanded paid sick leave, including, in some cases, for part-time and hourly employees. 1Such positive changes, however, are in contrast to a host of other public concerns, including that future vaccines and therapeutics may not be affordable for much of the world.In the next phase of the crisis, the safe reopening of society will require intense interactions between the health and business sectors to address these and other issues.These developments reflect an even broader connection between private enterprise and public health that has evolved over recent decades.The United Nations (UN) World Commission on Environment and Development's 1987 vision of "sustainable global development" defined it as meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. 2Contending that economic development at the cost of social equity and the environment undermines longlasting prosperity, this vision served as the foundation for the 2000 UN Millennium Development Goals and the 2015 UN Agenda for Sustainable Development; the latter proposed 17 interrelated sustainable development goals (SDGs) and 169 targets as a shared global blueprint for 2030.The SDGs are achievable only through commitments of all sectors, including private enterprise, and address a vast range of public health issues: communicable (including some epidemic) diseases, noncommunicable diseases, and broader areas critical to human well-being including climate, poverty, working conditions, and cities and communities.
Superhydrophilic fluorinated polymer and nanogel for high-performance 19F magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Zujian Feng, Qinghua Li, Weiwei Wang, Qiankun Ni, Yufei Wang, Huijuan Song, Chuangnian Zhang, Deling Kong, Xing-Jie Liang, Pingsheng Huang
Journal: Biomaterials (2020)
Transient Intermittent Hyperglycemia Accelerates Atherosclerosis by Promoting Myelopoiesis
Authors: Michelle C. Flynn, Michael J. Kraakman, Christos Tikellis, Man K.S. Lee, Nordin M.J. Hanssen, Helene L. Kammoun, Raelene J. Pickering, Dragana Dragoljevic, Annas Al-Sharea, Tessa J. Barrett, Fiona Hortle, Frances L. Byrne, Ellen Olzomer, Domenica A. McCarthy, Casper G. Schalkwijk, Josephine M. Forbes, Kyle Hoehn, Liza Makowski, Graeme I. Lancaster, Assam El-Osta, Edward A. Fisher, Ira J. Goldberg, Mark E. Cooper, Prabhakara R. Nagareddy, Merlin C. Thomas, Andrew J. Murphy
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)

Rationale: Treatment efficacy for diabetes mellitus is largely determined by assessment of HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin A1c) levels, which poorly reflects direct glucose variation. People with prediabetes and diabetes mellitus spend &gt;50% of their time outside the optimal glucose range. These glucose variations, termed transient intermittent hyperglycemia (TIH), appear to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but the pathological basis for this association is unclear. Objective: To determine whether TIH per se promotes myelopoiesis to produce more monocytes and consequently adversely affects atherosclerosis. Methods and Results: To create a mouse model of TIH, we administered 4 bolus doses of glucose at 2-hour intervals intraperitoneally once to WT (wild type) or once weekly to atherosclerotic prone mice. TIH accelerated atherogenesis without an increase in plasma cholesterol, seen in traditional models of diabetes mellitus. TIH promoted myelopoiesis in the bone marrow, resulting in increased circulating monocytes, particularly the inflammatory Ly6-C hi subset, and neutrophils. Hematopoietic-restricted deletion of S100a9 , S100a8 , or its cognate receptor Rage prevented monocytosis. Mechanistically, glucose uptake via GLUT (glucose transporter)-1 and enhanced glycolysis in neutrophils promoted the production of S100A8/A9. Myeloid-restricted deletion of Slc2a1 (GLUT-1) or pharmacological inhibition of S100A8/A9 reduced TIH-induced myelopoiesis and atherosclerosis. Conclusions: Together, these data provide a mechanism as to how TIH, prevalent in people with impaired glucose metabolism, contributes to cardiovascular disease. These findings provide a rationale for continual glucose control in these patients and may also suggest that strategies aimed at targeting the S100A8/A9-RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) axis could represent a viable approach to protect the vulnerable blood vessels in diabetes mellitus. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
Experimental Models of Impaired Hypoglycaemia-Associated Counter-Regulation
Authors: Adhithya Sankar, Tansi Khodai, Alison D. McNeilly, Rory J. McCrimmon, Simon M. Luckman
Journal: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (2020)

Impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) affects around a quarter of patients with diabetes who receive insulin treatment. This condition is characterised by a progressive reduction in symptomatic and behavioural responses to hypoglycaemia, increasing risk of deeper drops in blood glucose, unconsciousness, and collapse. Thus, patients with IAH experience severe hypoglycaemic episodes more frequently, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. IAH is thought to develop as a consequence of whole-body adaptations to repeated insulin-induced hypoglycaemia (RH), with widespread deficits in the hypoglycaemia counter-regulatory response (CRR). Despite this important insight, the precise pathophysiology by which RH leads to an attenuated CRR is unknown. Studies into the underlying mechanisms of IAH have employed a variety of protocols in humans and experimental species. The use of animal models has many investigational benefits, including the unprecedented increase in the availability of transgenic strains. However, modelling impaired hypoglycaemia-associated counter-regulation remains challenging and appropriate interpretation of findings across species and protocols even more so. Here, we review the experimental modelling of IAH and impaired hypoglycaemia-associated counter-regulation, with a focus on understanding species-specific variation in glucose homeostasis. This review will aid investigators in interpreting outputs from different studies in IAH and aid progress in the field.
Curious Case of a Retroperitoneal Mass With an Elevated Serum IgG3 Level—An Exception to the 2019 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Classification Criteria for IgG4‐Related Disease: Comment on the Article by Wallace et al
Authors: Jaclynn Levine, Phot Luisiri
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2020)
Targeting pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma with polyamine inhibitors
Authors: Sudhir Kumar Rai, Fernando Bril, Heather M. Hatch, Yiling Xu, Laura Shelton, Srilaxmi Kalavalapalli, Arielle Click, Douglas Lee, Chris Beecher, Austin Kirby, Kimi Kong, Jose Trevino, Abhishek Jha, Shashank Jatav, Kriti Kriti, Soumya Luthra, Timothy J. Garrett, Joy Guingab-Cagmat, Daniel Plant, Prodip Bose, Kenneth Cusi, Robert A. Hromas, Arthur S. Tischler, James F. Powers, Priyanka Gupta, James Bibb, Felix Beuschlein, Mercedes Robledo, Bruna Calsina, Henri Timmers, David Taieb, Matthias Kroiss, Susan Richter, Katharina Langton, Graeme Eisenhofer, Raymond Bergeron, Karel Pacak, Sergei G. Tevosian, Hans K. Ghayee
Journal: Metabolism (2020)
A multicenter national survey of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to Spanish Pediatric Intensive Care Units
Authors: Rafael González Cortés, Alberto García-Salido, David Roca Pascual, María Slöcker Barrio, Juan Carlos de Carlos Vicente, María Slöcker Barrio, Amaya Bustinza Arriortua, Jesús López-Herce Cid, Juan Carlos de Carlos Vicente, Maite Cuervas-Mons Tejedor, Pedro Pablo Oyágüez Ugidos, Iolanda Jordan, Carmina Guitart, Sonia Sánchiz Cárdenas, Javier Gil-Antón, Belén Joyanes, Ainhoa Jiménez Olmos, Antonio Rodríguez Núñez, Javier Trastoy Quintela, Alexandra Hernández Yuste, Laura Díaz Munilla, Carlos Solís Reyes, Laura Medina Ramos, David Roca Pascual, Joan Ballcels Ramírez, Mario Sánchez Fernández, Inés Leoz Gordillo, Corsino Rey Galán, Alfredo Molina Cambra, Manuel González-Ripoll Garzón, Pepe Fernández-Cantalejo Padial, Ignacio Oulego-Erroz, Laia Vega Puyal, Daniel Moreno, Emilia Fernández Romero, María García Besteiro, José Carlos Flores González, Carmen Medina Monzón, Beatriz Huidobro Labarga, Rosa María Hernández Palomo, Cristina Calvo Monge, Francisco Fernández, Nieves González, Cesar Villa Francisco, Lorena Bermúdez Barrezueta, Ana Abril Molina, Mónica Valerón, Ramón Hernández Rastrollo, Sylvia Belda Hofheinz, Manuel Gijón Mediavilla, José Luis Vázquez Martínez, Manuel Frías, Raúl Montero Yéboles, Juan Ignacio Muñóz Bonet, María Velázquez, Inma Sánchez Ganfornina, Antonio Pérez Iranzo, David Lozano, Clara Sorribes, María Soledad Holanda Peña, Miriam Gutiérrez Jimeno
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2020)
Managing heart failure related peripheral oedema in primary care
Authors: Daniel Bromage, Joseph Mayhew, Daniel Sado
Journal: BMJ (2020)

### What you need to know You consult with a 78 year old woman. She reports increased ankle swelling and has longstanding heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (measured as 25% on her most recent echocardiogram) because of previous myocardial infarction. She is known to local heart failure services. Heart failure is a clinical syndrome caused by a structural or functional cardiac abnormality. It is characterised by reduced cardiac output or elevated intracardiac pressures, which can result in inadequate tissue perfusion. Heart failure affects approximately 900 000 patients in the UK.1 If a patient who was hitherto stable deteriorates, this is referred to as “decompensated” heart failure, and may manifest as pulmonary or peripheral oedema. This article provides an approach for primary care physicians to managing peripheral oedema in people known to have heart failure in the community. The article includes a recap of the best available evidence. ### What questions should you ask? History, examination, and investigations should aim to establish the cause of the peripheral oedema, which is most likely to be decompensated heart failure in this case. Note the impact of the symptoms, which can be distressing. Shoes and clothing may no longer fit, and as the swelling worsens, some patients describe feeling like their skin is about to burst. Box 1 gives the most common differential diagnoses for peripheral oedema. Box 1 ### Common differentials of peripheral oedemaRETURN TO TEXT
Assessment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Community Containment Strategies in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Xiao-Ming Zhang, Hui-Er Zhou, Wen-Wu Zhang, Qing-Li Dou, Ye Li, Jian Wei, Rui Hu, Jiangping Liu, Andy S. K. Cheng
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

A new outbreak of pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Wuhan, China, is spreading rapidly around the globe. Limited information on control in community settings is available.To detail measures enacted within a community to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to evaluate the spread of COVID-19 associated with implementation of the program.This case series study details the implementation of prevention measures in a specific community setting among community-dwelling individuals exposed to or at risk of COVID-19 in Haiyu, Shenzhen, China, from January 23 to April 10, 2020.Community containment strategies for tracking, quarantine, and management were strictly, cooperatively, and effectively implemented by a team that included a general practitioner, a community manager, and public safety bureau officials.Number of locally acquired cases with indirect links to confirmed COVID-19 cases. Diagnosis with COVID-19 was confirmed when throat swab samples tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Approximately 34 686 individuals live in Haiyu, including 2382 residents aged 65 years or older. Seven individuals with COVID-19 acquired outside the community (age, 20-70 years; 3 [42%] women) were moved from quarantine to a hospital for standard isolation treatment. A total of 20 people who were asymptomatic and who had had direct contact with these individuals were closely observed by health care workers at a nearby hotel. Additionally, 800 individuals considered to be at higher risk were moved from quarantine to home isolation for 14 days. There were no locally acquired cases of COVID-19 with indirect links reported in the Haiyu community from the time that the study began on January 23, 2020, to April 10, 2020.These findings suggest that cooperation among the authorities of multiple sectors allowed for the implementation of preventive measures that were associated with limited community transmission.
Improving the Clinical Significance of Preclinical Immunotherapy Studies through Incorporating Tumor Microenvironment–like Conditions
Authors: Luke Maggs, Soldano Ferrone
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Frequently, the results generated when testing novel antitumor immunotherapies in vitro do not correlate with data collected in in vivo models and/or in clinical settings. It is our hypothesis that this discrepancy is caused by the use of in vitro conditions, such as normoxia, a two-dimensional surface, optimal growth media, and lack of cell complexity and heterogeneity. These conditions do not accurately reflect the tumor microenvironment (TME) that the tested immunotherapeutic strategies experience in vivo While there are many variables which can have an impact upon the antitumor efficacy of an immunotherapy, the immunosuppressive TME is one in which several of the conditions commonly found in vivo can be mimicked in vitro These conditions, which include hypoxia, low pH, low glucose, presence of adenosine, cell complexity and heterogeneity, as well as the three-dimensional structure of TME, can all affect immune cell-tumor cell interactions. Here, we discuss the impact that these conditions, either individually or in combination, can have on these interactions. Furthermore, we propose that performing in vitro assays under TME-like conditions improves the clinical relevance of the yielded results. This, in turn, contributes to accelerate the speed, reduce the cost, and increase efficiency of screening novel immunotherapies and eventually the development of prospective clinical trials.