tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reduced Platelet miR-223 Induction in Kawasaki Disease Leads to Severe Coronary Artery Pathology Through a miR-223/PDGFRβ Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Axis
Authors: Yuan Zhang, Yanfei Wang, Li Zhang, Luoxing Xia, Minhui Zheng, Zhi Zeng, Yingying Liu, Timur Yarovinsky, Allison C. Ostriker, Xuejiao Fan, Kai Weng, Meiling Su, Ping Huang, Kathleen A. Martin, John Hwa, Wai Ho Tang
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis of early childhood that can result in permanent coronary artery structural damage. The cause for this arterial vulnerability in up to 15% of patients with KD is unknown. Vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation play a key role in the pathophysiology of medial damage and aneurysm formation, recognized arterial pathology in KD. Platelet hyperreactivity is also a hallmark of KD. We recently demonstrated that uptake of platelets and platelet-derived miRNAs influences vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype in vivo.
Insights from Senior Surgeons—Reply
Authors: Allan Stolarski, Edward Whang, Gentian Kristo
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Abstract 13896: Mitochondrial and Cardiac Function Derangement in Donation After Circulatory Death Heart: Identifying Potential Targets to Modulate Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Mohammed Quader, Qun Chen, Oluwatoyin Akande, Stefano Toldo, Edward J Lesnefsky
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors can expand the donor pool for heart transplantation, which presently depends on brain death (DBD) donors only. Mitochondria play a key ro...
Rethinking Regional Neurologic Care in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Era
Authors: Benjamin P. George, Adam G. Kelly
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2020)

Neurologic Care in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 EraMany hospitals have taken great steps to limit admissions and nonessential services in anticipation of a large surge in visits from patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for the subsequent months. 1 Overtriage, the unnecessary mobilization of patients to highly specialized medical centers, 2 places a significant threat on hospital capacity at receiving medical centers, many of which are the same centers at risk of overcrowding in the new era of COVID-19.Reducing overtriage for patients with neurologic disease and finding other ways to care for these patients at a distance is more important now than ever. Neurologic Interhospital TransfersAcute care transfer rates for neurologic disease are twice that of most other conditions. 3Stroke and intracranial trauma are among the most common indications for transfer.With the growth of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) administration for ischemic stroke and mechanical thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion (LVO), neurologic transfers continue to increase.On average, the rate of acute care transfers from US community emergency departments was 1 in 5 visits for ischemic stroke in 2014, 4 and many of these visits were for patients with small stroke or transient ischemic attack who could be cared for at community hospitals given the resources needed for routine diagnosis and management.Additionally, an increasing number of regional stroke networks have moved to community hospital bypass using decision algorithms and imperfect screening protocols that place a high value on the sensitivity of diagnosis as opposed to specificity, which may allow for an unknown degree of overtriage to tertiary care centers.
Inhalational volatile-based sedation for COVID-19 pneumonia and ARDS
Authors: Angela Jerath, Niall D. Ferguson, Brian Cuthbertson
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2020)

Hospitals worldwide are experiencing a shortage in essential intravenous sedative medications. This is attributable to high number and high sedative needs of COVID-19 critical care patients with disruption of drug supply chains. Inhaled volatile anesthetic agents are an abundant resource and readily implementable solution for providing ICU sedation. Inhaled volatile agents may also provide important pulmonary benefits for COVID-19 patients with ARDS that could improve gas exchange and reduce time spent on a ventilator. We review the use of volatile agents, and provide a technical overview and algorithm for administering inhaled volatile-based sedation in ICUs.
Drug Testing for Residual Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease in Mice Beyond Therapy with Metformin, Ramipril, and Empagliflozin
Authors: Manga Motrapu, Monika Katarzyna Świderska, Irene Mesas, Julian Aurelio Marschner, Yutian Lei, Laura Martinez Valenzuela, Jia Fu, Kyung Lee, Maria Lucia Angelotti, Giulia Antonelli, Paola Romagnani, Hans-Joachim Anders, Lidia Anguiano
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Significance Statement Assessing a drug in a disease model more closely replicates the clinical situation if standard drugs are included in the study design. In a progressive-stage mouse model of obesity-related type 2 diabetes, bromoindirubin-3′-oxime (BIO) as an add-on to dual renin-angiotensin system (RAS)/sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT)-2 inhibition with metformin, ramipril, and empagliflozin showed remarkable effects. Quantitative end point analysis included the slope of measured GFR and filtration slit ultrastructure. Add-on BIO attenuated GFR decline by further reducing glomerulosclerosis, increasing podocyte numbers through sustaining specialization as well as inducing de novo differentiation from podocyte progenitors, and improving filtration slit density. The findings are a proof-of-concept for testing novel drugs for renoprotective effects beyond dual RAS/SGLT2 inhibition for diabetic kidney disease. Background Progression of CKD in type 2 diabetes, despite dual inhibition of sodium-glucose transporter-2 and the renin-angiotensin system, remains a concern. Bromoindirubin-3′-oxime (BIO), previously reported to promote podocyte survival and regeneration, is a candidate additional drug to elicit renoprotective effects beyond therapy with metformin, ramipril, and empagliflozin (MRE). Evaluating a drug with standard therapeutics more closely mimics the clinical setting than evaluating the drug alone. Methods Uninephrectomized BKS- Lepr −/− (db/db) mice treated with or without MRE served as a model of progressive CKD in type 2 diabetes. Mice on or off MRE were randomized to only 4 weeks of add-on BIO or vehicle. The primary end point was slope of GFR ( Δ GFR). Results Four weeks of MRE treatment alone did not affect Δ GFR, but significantly attenuated hyperglycemia, albuminuria, and glomerulosclerosis and increased podocyte filtration slit density, as assessed by STED super-resolution microscopy upon tissue clearing. BIO alone improved albuminuria, podocyte density in superficial and juxtamedullary nephrons, and podocyte filtration slit density. MRE+BIO combination therapy had additive protective effects on Δ GFR, glomerulosclerosis, podocyte density in juxtamedullary nephrons, and filtration slit density. Conclusions Add-on treatment with BIO for only 4 weeks attenuates progression of CKD beyond MRE therapy in mice with type 2 diabetes. Additional drug combinations may help to further delay ESKD in type 2 diabetes.
Differential Impact of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Antagonist Versus Agonist on Clinical Safety and Oncologic Outcomes on Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Mohammad Abufaraj, Takehiro Iwata, Shoji Kimura, Anoud Haddad, Hashim Al-Ani, Lana Abusubaih, Marco Moschini, Alberto Briganti, Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Shahrokh F. Shariat
Journal: European Urology (2020)
Author Correction: Alveolar macrophages are epigenetically altered after inflammation, leading to long-term lung immunoparalysis
Authors: Antoine Roquilly, Cedric Jacqueline, Marion Davieau, Alice Mollé, Abderrahmane Sadek, Cynthia Fourgeux, Paul Rooze, Alexis Broquet, Barbara Misme-Aucouturier, Tanguy Chaumette, Mickael Vourc’h, Raphael Cinotti, Nadege Marec, Vanessa Gauttier, Hamish E. G. McWilliam, Frederic Altare, Jeremie Poschmann, Jose A. Villadangos, Karim Asehnoune
Journal: Nature Immunology (2020)
Surgery and Population Health—Redesigning Surgical Quality for Greater Impact
Authors: Michaela C. Bamdad, Michael J. Englesbe
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage by transjejunal lumen-apposing metal stent placement in a patient with mini-gastric bypass
Authors: Annalisa Cappello, Alessia Santini, Ivano Biviano, Elena Gianni, Natalia Simonetti, Sandro Giannotti, Raffaele Macchiarelli
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) using lumen-apposing electrocautery-enhanced metal stent (EC-LAMS) is a safe and effective treatment option in patients with acute cholecystitis who are unfit for surgery [1]. We present the case of a 64-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with a grade III cholecystitis [2] ([Fig. 1]). The patient had dilated cardiomyopathy with an implanted cardioverter-defibrillator, decompensated type II diabetes, and had undergone mini-gastric bypass surgery for obesity control 10 years ago. She was deemed unfit for surgery at this time and endoscopic drainage was proposed [3] ([Video 1]).
Carotid Atherosclerosis Evolution When Targeting a Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration &lt;70 mg/dL After an Ischemic Stroke of Atherosclerotic Origin
Authors: Pierre Amarenco, Cristina Hobeanu, Julien Labreuche, Hugo Charles, Maurice Giroud, Elena Meseguer, Philippa C. Lavallée, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Éric Vicaut, Eric Bruckert, Pierre-Jean Touboul
Journal: Circulation (2020)

The TST trial (Treat Stroke to Target) showed the benefit of targeting a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration of <70 mg/dL in terms of reducing the risk of major cardiovascular events in 2860 patients with ischemic stroke with atherosclerotic stenosis of cerebral vasculature. The impact on carotid atherosclerosis evolution is not known.TST-PLUS (Treat Stroke to Target-Plaque Ultrasound Study) included 201 patients assigned to an LDL-C concentration of <70 mg/dL and 212 patients assigned to a target of 100±10 mg/dL. To achieve these goals, investigators used the statin and dosage of their choice and added ezetimibe as needed. Ultrasonographers were certified and carotid ultrasound examinations were performed using M'Ath software at baseline and at 2, 3, and 5 years. All images were uploaded to the Intelligence in Medical Technologies database directly from the carotid ultrasound device. The central core laboratory performed all offline measurements of the intima-media thickness of both common carotid arteries blinded from the randomization arm. The main outcomes were newly diagnosed atherosclerotic plaque on carotid bifurcation or internal carotid artery using the Mannheim consensus definition and between-group comparison of common carotid arteries intima-media thickness change.After a median follow-up of 3.1 years, the achieved LDL-C concentrations were 64 mg/dL (1.64 mmol/L) in the lower-target group and 106 mg/dL (2.72 mmol/L) in the higher-target group. Compared with the higher-target group, patients in the lower-target group had a similar incidence of newly diagnosed carotid plaque: 46/201 (5-year rate, 26.1%) versus 45/212 (5-year rate, 29.7%). The change in common carotid arteries intima-media thickness was -2.69 µm (95% CI, -6.55 to 1.18) in the higher-target group and -10.53 µm (95% CI, -14.21 to -6.85) in the lower-target group, resulting in an absolute between-group difference of -7.84 µm (95% CI, -13.18 to -2.51; P=0.004).In patients with ischemic stroke and atherosclerosis, an LDL-C target of <70 mg/dL (1.8 mmol/L) did not reduce the incidence of new carotid plaques but produced significantly greater regression of carotid atherosclerosis than an LDL-C target of 90 to 110 mg/dL. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01252875.
Mesh implants: Women launch claims against NHS trusts and surgeons for failing to warn of risks
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Hundreds of women in England and Wales who suffered permanent injury after pelvic mesh implant surgery are to launch claims against NHS trusts and surgeons who operated at private hospitals for failing to inform them of the risks.

Product liability claims are also going ahead against Johnson and Johnson and other manufacturers, alleging that their pelvic mesh products were defective. Around 40 clients of Thompsons, a leading law firm involved in the mesh litigation, are mounting product liability cases.

The move follows a settlement by Johnson and Johnson last month of tens of millions of pounds for hundreds of women in …
Esophageal anisakiasis observed using magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging
Authors: Tomohiko Mannami, Nobukiyo Fujiwara, Genyo Ikeda, Toshiyuki Wakatsuki, Yasushi Fukumoto, Shin'ichi Furutachi, Shin'ichi Shimizu
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

A 31-year-old man presented with a feeling of compression and intermittent pain in the epigastrium. He had eaten sliced raw fish (sashimi) for dinner at 10 pm on the previous night and developed epigastric symptoms 2 hours thereafter. Physical examination revealed no tenderness or rebound tenderness in the epigastrium; his vital signs and laboratory parameters were normal. He reported a history of similar epigastric symptoms when he had had gastric anisakiasis; therefore, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was conducted. This revealed an Anisakis larva invading the mucosa of the distal esophagus, where a granulomatous reddish nodule approximately 2 mm in diameter was observed ([Fig. 1]). Magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (NBI) showed a rather flattened, smooth, and brownish nodule without vascular structure or surface pattern ([Fig. 2 a]). Closer view of the larva revealed a small whitish elongated spot (the ventricle, an organ distally adjacent to the esophagus of Anisakis larva), which is seen more clearly than with conventional white-light endoscopic observation ([Fig. 2 b]). After removing the parasite using biopsy forceps ([Video 1]), his symptoms reduced immediately. At the 1-month follow-up EGD, the nodule had disappeared.
Author Correction: Adaptive evolution of virulence and persistence in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Christoph M. Ernst, Julian R. Braxton, Carlos A. Rodriguez-Osorio, Anna P. Zagieboylo, Li Li, Alejandro Pironti, Abigail L. Manson, Anil V. Nair, Maura Benson, Kaelyn Cummins, Anne E. Clatworthy, Ashlee M. Earl, Lisa A. Cosimi, Deborah T. Hung
Journal: Nature Medicine (2020)
New approaches to cancer care in a COVID-19 world
Authors: John Butler, Christian Finley, Charles H Norell, Samantha Harrison, Heather Bryant, Michael P Achiam, Alon D Altman, Nancy Baxter, James Bentley, Paul A Cohen, M Asif Chaudry, Elijah Dixon, Rhonda Farrell, Scott Fegan, Salila Hashmi, Claus Hogdall, John T Jenkins, Janice Kwon, Tom Mala, Orla McNally, Neil Merrett, Gregg Nelson, Andy Nordin, Jason Park, Geoff Porter, John Reynolds, Colin Schieman, Tine Schnack, Allan Spigelman, Lars Bo Svendsen, Peter Sykes, Robert Thomas
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2020)
Autoantibodies related to systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases in severely ill patients with COVID-19
Authors: Panayiotis G Vlachoyiannopoulos, Eleni Magira, Haris Alexopoulos, Edison Jahaj, Katerina Theophilopoulou, Anastasia Kotanidou, Athanasios G Tzioufas
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of COVID-19, which has affected more than 6 million people worldwide causing more than 400 000 deaths. The disease affects predominantly the upper and lower respiratory tracts causing severe pulmonary disease which often evolves to a multiorgan systemic disease.1 This is evidenced by thromboembolic lesions of the heart and lungs, pulmonary haemorrhage, muscle weakness, hyperbilirubinaemia and lymphopenia suggesting that COVID-19 affects epithelial barriers, endothelial cells, coagulation, fibrinolysis and the immune system.2 In patients who are severely ill, innate immune hyperactivity causes a cytokine storm which disturbs microcirculation resulting in shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome.3 Systemic disease perpetuation may be due to the virus itself, infecting cells via ACE2 receptor or, following the cytokine storm, due to autoinflammatory and/or autoimmune mechanisms.4 

Earlier studies reported that certain autoantibodies such as anti-cardiolipin (a-CL), anti-β2GPI and lupus anticoagulant might associate with the thromboembolic complications occurring …
Cancer cell-derived exosomal circUHRF1 induces natural killer cell exhaustion and may cause resistance to anti-PD1 therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Peng-Fei Zhang, Chao Gao, Xiao-Yong Huang, Jia-Cheng Lu, Xiao-Jun Guo, Guo-Ming Shi, Jia-Bin Cai, Ai-Wu Ke
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2020)

Abstract Objective Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the innate antitumor immune response. Recently, NK cell dysfunction has been verified in various malignant tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular biological mechanisms of NK cell dysfunction in human HCC are still obscure. Methods The expression of circular ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domain 1 RNA (circUHRF1) in HCC tissues, exosomes, and cell lines was detected by qRT-PCR. Exosomes were isolated from the culture medium of HCC cells and plasma of HCC patients using an ultracentrifugation method and the ExoQuick Exosome Precipitation Solution kit and then characterized by transmission electronic microscopy, NanoSight and western blotting. The role of circUHRF1 in NK cell dysfunction was assessed by ELISA. In vivo circRNA precipitation, RNA immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assays were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms of circUHRF1 in NK cells. In a retrospective study, the clinical characteristics and prognostic significance of circUHRF1 were determined in HCC tissues. Results Here, we report that the expression of circUHRF1 is higher in human HCC tissues than in matched adjacent nontumor tissues. Increased levels of circUHRF1 indicate poor clinical prognosis and NK cell dysfunction in patients with HCC. In HCC patient plasma, circUHRF1 is predominantly secreted by HCC cells in an exosomal manner, and circUHRF1 inhibits NK cell-derived IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion. A high level of plasma exosomal circUHRF1 is associated with a decreased NK cell proportion and decreased NK cell tumor infiltration. Moreover, circUHRF1 inhibits NK cell function by upregulating the expression of TIM-3 via degradation of miR-449c-5p. Finally, we show that circUHRF1 may drive resistance to anti-PD1 immunotherapy in HCC patients. Conclusions Exosomal circUHRF1 is predominantly secreted by HCC cells and contributes to immunosuppression by inducing NK cell dysfunction in HCC. CircUHRF1 may drive resistance to anti-PD1 immunotherapy, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with HCC.
Clinical and epidemiological performance of WHO Ebola case definitions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Grazia Caleo, Foivi Theocharaki, Kamalini Lokuge, Helen A Weiss, Leena Inamdar, Francesco Grandesso, Kostas Danis, Biagio Pedalino, Gary Kobinger, Armand Sprecher, Jane Greig, Gian Luca Di Tanna
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2020)
Covid-19: recording their stories provides emotional benefit to healthcare workers
Authors: Paul Bennett, Rachael Hunter, Steve Johnston, David Jones, Simon Noble
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Objectives: to gain an anonymous insight into the experiences and concerns of front-line health workers while caring for patients with covid-19 Design: A qualitative analysis of data collected through an anonymous repository of uncensored covid-19 experiences of frontline workers, accessed via a link advertised on the twitter feed of two high profile medical tweeters and their re-tweets.All NHS workers involved in the care of covid-19 patients, however remotely, were invited to take part.Setting: community of NHS workers who accessed this social media.Participants: 54 health care workers, including doctors, nurses and physiotherapists, accessed the website and left a 'story'. Results:The length of stories ranged from one (expletive) word to 10 minutes of verbal storytelling.Thematic analysis identified a number of common themes across the stories, with a central underpinning aspect being the experience and psychological consequence of trauma.Specific themes were: (i) the shock of the virus, (ii) staff sacrifice and dedication, (iii) collateral damage ranging from personal health concerns to the long-term impact on, and care of, discharged patients, and (iv) a hierarchy of power and inequality within the health care system, and beyond. Conclusions:Covidconfidential gave an outlet for unprompted and uncensored stories of health care workers in the context of covid-19.While stories of trauma may be expected, stories reflecting perceptions of poor management, inequalities of power between management and front-line workers, across professions, and across ethnicities identify remediable concerns that need addressing as a matter of urgency.