tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P146: Association of Discriminatory Experiences on Sedentary Behaviors: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA)
Authors: Veronica Y Womack, Eli Puterman, Linda Van Horn, Juned Siddique, Eric B Loucks, Barbara Sternfeld, Mercedes Carnethon
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Sedentary behaviors such as television viewing or “playing games on the computer” are associated with obesity and increased cardiovascular risk. Little is known about the relationship between sedentary behaviors and adverse social contexts, particularly discriminatory experiences. Objective: To explore the cross-sectional relation of sedentary behavior and adverse social contexts in a large sample of middle-aged black and white men and women. Methods: Participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study with measures of discriminatory experiences and sedentary behaviors from the Year 25 exam in 2010 were included in the analysis (n=3,267). Participants were coded as experiencing discrimination if they responded yes to feeling discrimination based on gender, race, SES, or weight. The primary outcome variable, sedentary behavior, was defined by self-report as the overall number of hours per week spent in 6 behaviors: watching television, using the computer for non-work activities, listening to music, reading, talking on the phone, or texting. Linear regression was used to model the association of discrimination with sedentary time adjusted for age, race, gender, education and traditional CHD risk factors. Results: Participants were 50.2 years old (SD= 3.6), average time spent in sedentary behavior was 6.95 hrs/ day (SD=3.7), and 55% of the participants reported 1+ discriminatory experiences. In the full sample, there was a marginally significant positive relationship between discriminatory experiences and sedentary behavior (β=0.27, SE=0.3, p=.06), whereby participants who reported discrimination spent more time in sedentary behavior than those who did not report discrimination independent of demographic and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Black participants spent more time sedentary than White participants (8.33 (SE=4.16) hrs/day vs. 5.78 (SE=2.75) hrs/day; p&lt;.01), however, discriminatory experiences were only associated with sedentary behaviors among White participants (β=0.27, SE=0.1, p&lt;.05). There were no differences in the relationship of discriminatory experiences with sedentary behavior by gender. Conclusions: The association of discriminatory experiences with sedentary behaviors was only present among White participants in the study. Future research should investigate other psychosocial factors that may be negatively associated with sedentary behaviors among Black Americans.
Hypomagnesemia as a Cause Of Persistent Hypokalemia
Authors: Sidney Webb
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We wish to call to the attention of your readers the documented but little-appreciated importance of hypomagnesemia as a cause of persistent hypokalemia. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 40-year-old healthy woman was admitted to our burn and trauma unit after sustaining 65% total body burns. She was treated in the conventional manner but progressive dehydration and hypokalemia developed during four weeks of hospitalization. A medical consultation was requested when her serum electrolyte values were as follows: Na+, 180 mEq/liter; K+, 2.0 mEq/liter; Cl-, 128 mEq/liter; and CO<sub>2</sub>, 26 mEq/liter. A diagnosis of secondary hyperaldosteronism was made and intravenous fluids were increased to obtain a positive free water balance. During the next four days, serum Na+ value gradually fell to 147 mEq/liter, but serum K+ remained at 2.0 mEq/liter in spite of massive supplementation of potassium chloride (25 to 40 mEq/hr intravenously). Urinary K+ values demonstrated that
Epidural Steroids, Etanercept, or Saline in Subacute Sciatica
Authors: Steven P. Cohen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Background: Perineural inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor have recently generated intense interest as an alternative to epidural steroid injections for lumbosacral radiculopathy. Objective: To evaluate whether epidural steroids, etanercept, or saline better improves pain and function in adults with lumbosacral radiculopathy. Design: A multicenter, 3-group, randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted from 2008 to 2011. Randomization was computer-generated and stratified by site. Pharmacists prepared the syringes. Patients, treating physicians, and nurses assessing outcomes were blinded to treatment assignment. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00733096) Setting: Military and civilian treatment centers. Patients: 84 adults with lumbosacral radiculopathy of less than 6 months' duration. Intervention: 2 epidural injections of steroids, etanercept, or saline, mixed with bupivacaine and separated by 2 weeks. Measurements: The primary outcome measure was leg pain 1 month after the second injection. All patients had 1-month follow-up visits; patients whose condition improved remained blinded for the 6-month study period. Results: The group that received epidural steroids had greater reductions in the primary outcome measure than those who received saline (mean difference, −1.26 [95% CI, −2.79 to 0.27]; P = 0.11) or etanercept (mean difference, −1.01 [CI, −2.60 to 0.58]; P = 0.21). For back pain, smaller differences favoring steroids compared with saline (mean difference, −0.52 [CI, −1.85 to 0.81]; P = 0.44) and etanercept (mean difference, −0.92 [CI,−2.28 to 0.44]; P = 0.18) were observed. The largest differences were noted for functional capacity, in which etanercept fared worse than the other treatments: steroids vs. etanercept (mean difference, −16.16 [CI, −26.05 to −6.27]; P = 0.002), steroids vs. saline (mean difference, −5.87 [CI, −15.59 to 3.85]; P = 0.23), and etanercept vs. saline (mean difference, 10.29 [CI, 0.55 to 20.04]; P = 0.04). More patients treated with epidural steroids (75%) reported 50% or greater leg pain relief and a positive global perceived effect at 1 month than those who received saline (50%) or etanercept (42%) (P = 0.09). Limitation: Short-term follow-up, small sample size, and a possibly subtherapeutic dose of etanercept. Conclusion: Epidural steroid injections may provide modest short-term pain relief for some adults with lumbosacral radiculopathy, but larger studies with longer follow-up are needed to confirm their benefits. Primary Funding Source: The John P. Murtha Neuroscience and Pain Institute, International Spinal Intervention Society, and Center for Rehabilitation Sciences Research.
Functional, psychological and quality of lefe profiles in low income group of asthmatic patients in Brazil
Authors: Camilla C. V. Prisco, Priscila G. Roles, Mílton de Arruda Martins, Alberto Cukier, Rafael Stelmach, Marcos Ribeiro, Celso Ricardo Fernandes de Carvalho, Maria P. T. Nunes
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)
Risks of Mortality Following Nonfatal Intentional and Unintentional Opioid Overdoses
Authors: Mark Olfson, Michael Schoenbaum, Sidra Goldman-Mellor
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2020)

Taylor A. Ochalek, PhD; Kirk L. Cumpston, DO; Brandon K. Wills, DO; Tamas S. Gal, PhD; F. Gerard Moeller, MD
Agency is criticised over its investigation into baby’s death from hypoxia
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The coroner investigating the botched birth of a baby boy who died from hypoxia has strongly criticised the Healthcare Service Investigation Branch (HSIB) over its report on his death.

Karen Henderson, who conducted the inquest into the death of baby Theo Young in May 2018 at East Surrey Hospital said that the HSIB had asked Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust not to undertake its own investigation, “effectively preventing the recognition of causes of concern and therefore being unable to undertake any immediate and necessary remedial action at the earliest opportunity to prevent future deaths.”

HSIB told the trust that its investigation would take around six months, which was “highly likely to delay the …
Distinct fibroblast functional states drive clinical outcomes in ovarian cancer and are regulated by TCF21
Authors: Ali Hussain, Veronique Voisin, Stephanie Poon, Christina Karamboulas, Ngoc Hoang Bao Bui, Jalna Meens, Julia Dmytryshyn, Victor W. Ho, Kwan Ho Tang, Joshua Paterson, Blaise A. Clarke, Marcus Q. Bernardini, Gary D. Bader, Benjamin G. Neel, Laurie E. Ailles
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)

Recent studies indicate that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous. However, little is known about CAF subtypes, the roles they play in cancer progression, and molecular mediators of the CAF “state.” Here, we identify a novel cell surface pan-CAF marker, CD49e, and demonstrate that two distinct CAF states, distinguished by expression of fibroblast activation protein (FAP), coexist within the CD49e+ CAF compartment in high-grade serous ovarian cancers. We show for the first time that CAF state influences patient outcomes and that this is mediated by the ability of FAP-high, but not FAP-low, CAFs to aggressively promote proliferation, invasion and therapy resistance of cancer cells. Overexpression of the FAP-low–specific transcription factor TCF21 in FAP-high CAFs decreases their ability to promote invasion, chemoresistance, and in vivo tumor growth, indicating that it acts as a master regulator of the CAF state. Understanding CAF states in more detail could lead to better patient stratification and novel therapeutic strategies.
High- and Low-Carbohydrate Diets in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Roland L. Weinsier, Anne Seeman, M. Guillermo Herrera, Jean-Phillip Assal, J. Stuart Soeldner, Ray E. Gleason
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Abstract Eighteen diabetic patients not dependent on insulin, given diets high in carbohydrate (60%, 25% fat) or relatively low in carbohydrate (40%, 45% fat), were followed for 40 weeks as outpati...
Ancient Genomic Regulatory Blocks Are a Source for Regulatory Gene Deserts in Vertebrates after Whole-Genome Duplications
Authors: María Touceda-Suárez, Elizabeth M Kita, Rafael D Acemel, Panos N Firbas, Marta S Magri, Silvia Naranjo, Juan J Tena, Jose Luis Gómez-Skarmeta, Ignacio Maeso, Manuel Irimia
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2020)

Abstract We investigated how the two rounds of whole-genome duplication that occurred at the base of the vertebrate lineage have impacted ancient microsyntenic associations involving developmental regulators (known as genomic regulatory blocks, GRBs). We showed that the majority of GRBs identified in the last common ancestor of chordates have been maintained as a single copy in humans. We found evidence that dismantling of the duplicated GRB copies occurred early in vertebrate evolution often through the differential retention of the regulatory gene but loss of the bystander gene’s exonic sequences. Despite the large evolutionary scale, the presence of duplicated highly conserved noncoding regions provided unambiguous proof for this scenario for multiple ancient GRBs. Remarkably, the dismantling of ancient GRB duplicates has contributed to the creation of large gene deserts associated with regulatory genes in vertebrates, providing a potentially widespread mechanism for the origin of these enigmatic genomic traits.
Medicine in the USA: historical vignettes. XXII. Medical practice: making a living
Authors: L. S. King
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Only in very recent times have physicians as a class enjoyed a highly favored economic status. Formerly medicine had been a poorly paid profession. In the very largest cities a handful of doctors might be accounted wealthy but the vast majority had to struggle to make a barely comfortable living. "Too many doctors" had been the prevalent explanation, too many practitioners trying to earn a living by ministering to the sick. There was too much competition seeking to attract the paying patient. In the 19th century the American Medical Association, trying to advance the interests of the regular physicians, had waged a campaign against the cultists and irregular practitioners, many of whom were financially quite successful. The battle, however, progressed slowly and the gains were more than offset by the increasing numbers of regular physicians, most of them poorly educated, who entered practice. For the AMA educational reform was thus
Multifunctional magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: an advanced platform for cancer theranostics
Authors: Shengzhe Zhao, Xujiang Yu, Yuna Qian, Wei Chen, Jianliang Shen
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles and derivative nanocomposites have aroused great concern for multimode imaging and cancer synergistic therapies in recent years.Among the rest, functional magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) have shown great potential as an advanced platform because of their inherent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), biocatalytic activity (nanozyme), magnetic hyperthermia treatment (MHT), photo-responsive therapy and drug delivery for chemotherapy and gene therapy.Magnetic Fe3O4 NPs can be synthesized through several methods and easily surface modified with biocompatible materials or active targeting moieties.The MRI capacity could be appropriately modulated to induce response between T1 and T2 modes by controlling the size distribution of Fe3O4 NPs.Besides, small-size nanoparticles are also desired due to the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, thus the imaging and therapeutic efficiency of Fe3O4 NP-based platforms can be further improved.Here, we firstly retrospect the typical synthesis and surface modification methods of magnetic Fe3O4 NPs.Then, the latest biomedical application including responsive MRI, multimodal imaging, nanozyme, MHT, photo-responsive therapy and drug delivery, the mechanism of corresponding treatments and cooperation therapeutics of multifunctional Fe3O4 NPs are also be explained.Finally, we also outline a brief discussion and perspective on the possibility of further clinical translations of these multifunctional nanomaterials.This review would provide a comprehensive reference for readers to understand the multifunctional Fe3O4 NPs in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
How (or Do) People “Think” About Cancer Risk, and Why That Matters
Authors: William M. P. Klein, Rebecca A. Ferrer, Annette R. Kaufman
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Salvage endoscopic submucosal dissection for recurrent invasive Barrett neoplasia after endoscopic resection and radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Borathchakra Oung, Julien Faller, Florence Juget Pietu, Marco Petronio, Mathieu Pioche
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Endoscopic resection is indicated for visible lesions in Barrett’s esophagus (BE) for either curative treatment or optimal histopathological staging [1]. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) should be considered only for lesions larger than 15 mm [2]. Even in larger lesions, it still offers a moderate rate of cure [3].
Abstract 14558: Macrophage Targeted Theranostic Photoactivation Attenuates Plaque Inflammation and Regresses the Atheroma via Autophagy-Induced Cholesterol Efflux Assessed by Serial in vivo Imaging
Authors: Joon Woo Song, Min Woo Lee, Hyun Jung Kim, Young Dae Joo, Jah Yeon Choi, Wang-Yuhl Oh, Hongki Yoo, Kyeongsoon Park, Jin Won Kim
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction and Hypothesis: Macrophages are associated with progression and destabilization of the atherosclerosis. Photoactivation has emerged as a therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis but it...
COVID-19 preparedness in Malawi: a national facility-based critical care assessment
Authors: Paul D Sonenthal, Jones Masiye, Noel Kasomekera, Regan H Marsh, Emily B Wroe, Kirstin W Scott, Ruoran Li, Megan B Murray, Alice Bukhman, Emilia Connolly, Tadala Minyaliwa, Martha Katete, Grace Banda, Mulinda Nyirenda, Shada A Rouhani
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2020)
Whole-Grain Processing and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Sebastian Åberg, Jim Mann, Silke Neumann, Alastair B. Ross, Andrew N. Reynolds
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

OBJECTIVE To consider the effects of whole-grain processing, specifically milling, on glycemic control in free-living adults with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants of this crossover trial were randomized to two interventions of 2 weeks, separated by washout. They were advised to replace the grain foods they normally consumed with intervention foods. Intervention foods were nutrient-matched whole-grain products of wheat, oats, and brown rice that differed in their degree of processing. No other lifestyle advice was given. Continuous glucose monitoring systems were worn. Other cardiometabolic risk factors and alkylresorcinols (a biomarker of whole-grain intake) were measured pre- and postintervention. RESULTS Thirty-one adults with type 2 diabetes (63 ± 13 years old, BMI 32.4 ± 7 kg/m2, HbA1c 7.5 ± 3.4% [59 ± 14 mmol/mol]) commenced the trial; 28 (90%) completed both interventions. The increase in alkylresorcinols did not differ between interventions, and there was no difference in reported energy intake. Postprandial responses were 9% (95% CI 3–15) lower following breakfast and 6% (1–10) lower following all meals of less-processed whole grains when compared with finely milled grains. Day-long glycemic variability also was reduced when measured by 24-h SD (−0.16 mmol/L [95% CI −0.25 to −0.06]) and mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (−0.36 [95% CI −0.65 to −0.08]). Mean change in body weight differed by 0.81 kg (95% CI 0.62–1.05) between interventions, increasing during the finely milled intervention and decreasing during the less-processed whole-grain intervention. This was not a mediating factor for the glycemic variables considered. CONCLUSIONS Consuming less-processed whole-grain foods over 2 weeks improved measures of glycemia in free-living adults with type 2 diabetes compared with an equivalent amount of whole-grain foods that were finely milled. Dietary advice should promote the consumption of minimally processed whole grains.
“ITP” is not always immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Alexandra Holyome, Nichola Cooper, Amrana Qureshi, Barbara J. Bain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2020)

A blood film was examined on an 8-year-old boy with thrombocytopenia. A diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (“ITP”) had been made 7 years previously, and he had received treatment with high dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), corticosteroids, and blood and platelet transfusions for severe epistaxis. He had been noted to have” little response” to IVIG on at least one occasion. Treatment with eltrombopag commenced in 2017, and bleeding symptoms responded with fewer episodes of epistaxis, although any rise in the platelet count was not sustained. In 2019 this was changed to romiplostim due to persistent thrombocytopenia. An automated platelet count was 32 × 109/L but the instrument was unable to produce a mean platelet volume (MPV) estimation. His blood film showed normal red cell and leucocyte morphology (with no inclusions in neutrophils), but the platelets were unexpectedly large and sometimes formed loose aggregates (Images). Platelet granularity was normal. The macrothrombocytopenia suggested an inherited condition rather than immune thrombocytopenia and Next Generation Sequencing for a targeted panel of genes was therefore carried out. This identified a homozygous, likely pathogenic variant: GP1BB: c.47 T > C, p.(Leu16Pro). Follow-up immunophenotyping showed absent expression of platelet glycoprotein Ib (CD42), confirming a diagnosis of Bernard-Soulier Syndrome. Immune thrombocytopenia, or more specifically autoimmune thrombocytopenia, is to some extent a diagnosis of exclusion since platelet autoantibodies are not always identifiable. Examination of the blood film is important in the recognition of inherited causes of thrombocytopenia and in avoiding inappropriate treatment. It is important to assess not only platelet size and granularity but also granulocytes for May-Hegglin inclusions and erythrocytes for stomatocytosis (which may indicate phytosterolemia). The advent of targeted panels for the identification of relevant mutations has made diagnosis more straightforward. Nothing to report.
Characterization of the <scp>inflammatory‐metabolic</scp> phenotype of heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction: a hypothesis to explain influence of sex on the evolution and potential treatment of the disease
Authors: Milton Packer, Carolyn S.P. Lam, Lars H. Lund, Mathew S. Maurer, Barry A. Borlaug
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2020)
Comparative evaluation of itaconate and its derivatives reveals divergent inflammasome and type I interferon regulation in macrophages
Authors: Amanda Swain, Monika Bambouskova, Hyeryun Kim, Prabhakar Sairam Andhey, Dustin Duncan, Karine Auclair, Victor Chubukov, Donald M. Simons, Thomas P. Roddy, Kelly M. Stewart, Maxim N. Artyomov
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2020)
Blocking endothelial apoptosis revascularizes the retina in a model of ischemic retinopathy
Authors: Zoe L. Grant, Lachlan Whitehead, Vickie H.Y. Wong, Zheng He, Richard Y. Yan, Abigail R. Miles, Andrew V. Benest, David O. Bates, Claudia Prahst, Katie Bentley, Bang V. Bui, Robert C.A. Symons, Leigh Coultas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

Aberrant, neovascular retinal blood vessel growth is a vision-threatening complication in ischemic retinal diseases. It is driven by retinal hypoxia frequently caused by capillary nonperfusion and endothelial cell (EC) loss. We investigated the role of EC apoptosis in this process using a mouse model of ischemic retinopathy, in which vessel closure and EC apoptosis cause capillary regression and retinal ischemia followed by neovascularization. Protecting ECs from apoptosis in this model did not prevent capillary closure or retinal ischemia. Nonetheless, it prevented the clearance of ECs from closed capillaries, delaying vessel regression and allowing ECs to persist in clusters throughout the ischemic zone. In response to hypoxia, these preserved ECs underwent a vessel sprouting response and rapidly reassembled into a functional vascular network. This alleviated retinal hypoxia, preventing subsequent pathogenic neovascularization. Vessel reassembly was not limited by VEGFA neutralization, suggesting it was not dependent on the excess VEGFA produced by the ischemic retina. Neutralization of ANG2 did not prevent vessel reassembly, but did impair subsequent angiogenic expansion of the reassembled vessels. Blockade of EC apoptosis may promote ischemic tissue revascularization by preserving ECs within ischemic tissue that retain the capacity to reassemble a functional network and rapidly restore blood supply.