tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Air Pollution Exposure With Psychotic Experiences During Adolescence
Authors: Joanne B. Newbury, Louise Arseneault, Sean Beevers, Nutthida Kitwiroon, Susanna Roberts, Carmine M. Pariante, Frank J. Kelly, Helen L. Fisher
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2019)

Urbanicity is a well-established risk factor for clinical (eg, schizophrenia) and subclinical (eg, hearing voices and paranoia) expressions of psychosis. To our knowledge, no studies have examined the association of air pollution with adolescent psychotic experiences, despite air pollution being a major environmental problem in cities.To examine the association between exposure to air pollution and adolescent psychotic experiences and test whether exposure mediates the association between urban residency and adolescent psychotic experiences.The Environmental-Risk Longitudinal Twin Study is a population-based cohort study of 2232 children born during the period from January 1, 1994, through December 4, 1995, in England and Wales and followed up from birth through 18 years of age. The cohort represents the geographic and socioeconomic composition of UK households. Of the original cohort, 2066 (92.6%) participated in assessments at 18 years of age, of whom 2063 (99.9%) provided data on psychotic experiences. Generation of the pollution data was completed on October 4, 2017, and data were analyzed from May 4 to November 21, 2018.High-resolution annualized estimates of exposure to 4 air pollutants-nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of less than 2.5 (PM2.5) and less than 10 μm (PM10)-were modeled for 2012 and linked to the home addresses of the sample plus 2 commonly visited locations when the participants were 18 years old.At 18 years of age, participants were privately interviewed regarding adolescent psychotic experiences. Urbanicity was estimated using 2011 census data.Among the 2063 participants who provided data on psychotic experiences, sex was evenly distributed (52.5% female). Six hundred twenty-three participants (30.2%) had at least 1 psychotic experience from 12 to 18 years of age. Psychotic experiences were significantly more common among adolescents with the highest (top quartile) level of annual exposure to NO2 (odds ratio [OR], 1.71; 95% CI, 1.28-2.28), NOx (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.30-2.29), and PM2.5 (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.11-1.90). Together NO2 and NOx statistically explained 60% of the association between urbanicity and adolescent psychotic experiences. No evidence of confounding by family socioeconomic status, family psychiatric history, maternal psychosis, childhood psychotic symptoms, adolescent smoking and substance dependence, or neighborhood socioeconomic status, crime, and social conditions occurred.In this study, air pollution exposure-particularly NO2 and NOx-was associated with increased odds of adolescent psychotic experiences, which partly explained the association between urban residency and adolescent psychotic experiences. Biological (eg, neuroinflammation) and psychosocial (eg, stress) mechanisms are plausible.
Abstract 17867: The Pro-angiogenic Long Non-coding Rna Tykril Controls Human Pericyte Function Through Regulation Of P53 Activity and Pdgfrß Expression
Authors: Christoph M Zehendner, Astrid Werner, Florian Bischoff, Jes-Niels Boeckel, Shemsi Demolli, Katharina Michalik, Benjamin Meder, Hugo A Katus, Jan Haas, Wei Chen, David John, Shizuka Uchida, Andreas M Zeiher, Stefanie Dimmeler
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Rationale: Pericytes contribute to the formation, maturation and stabilization of blood vessels, making them indispensable for proper cardiovascular organ function. Although long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pivotal in cardiovascular development, their role in pericytes has so far been neglected. Objective: Here we assessed the hypothesis that lncRNAs significantly regulate pericyte function. Methods and Results: Via RNA deep sequencing we show that the hypoxia induced lncRNA TYKRIL (Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Inducing lncRNA) modulates expression of the tumor suppressor p53 and Platelet derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRß) in human pericytes. Luciferase reporter arrays demonstrated that silencing of TYKRIL with GapmeRs (0.22+0.04 vs. scramble Ctrl., n=8, P&lt;0.001) significantly enhances activity of p53 (2.9+0.55 fold induction vs. scramble Ctrl., n=3, P=0.0103). TYKRIL knockdown increased acetylation of the p53 lysine residue K382, which is known to be required for p53 activation. TYKRIL silencing downregulated the known p53 target PDGFRß (protein expression: 0.46+0.08 vs. Ctrl., n=4, P&lt;0.001) which consecutively disrupted AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Thereby, pericyte viability (MTT cell viability: 0.8+0.03 vs. Ctrl., n=3, P&lt;0.01), proliferation (Ki67 proliferation index fold change 0.71+0.05 vs. Ctrl., n=6, P&lt;0.001) and recruitment towards endothelial cells in matrigel co-culture assays was markedly reduced (fold change 0.37+0.03 vs. Ctrl., n=5-7, P&lt;0.001). In turn, silencing of p53 reversed these effects (MTT cell viability: TYKRIL knockdown + scramble 0.7+0.04; TYKRIL knockdown + siRNAp53 0.94+0.04, n=11-12, P&lt;0.01). In patients with ischemic heart failure (n=18), cardiac TYKRIL and PDGFRß expression are significantly reduced compared to controls (TYKRIL vs. Ctrl. 0.01+0.005, P&lt;0.001; PDGFRß mRNA expression: 0.44+0.11, P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Our results identify TYKRIL as a pro-angiogenic lncRNA that is down-regulated by ischemic heart failure and significantly regulates pericyte viability and recruitment towards endothelial cells by repression of p53 activity and stabilization of PDGFRß signalling.
Galactose-deficient IgA1 in skin and serum from patients with skin-limited and systemic IgA vasculitis
Authors: Matthias Neufeld, Karen Molyneux, Karin I. Pappelbaum, Sarah Mayer-Hain, Christina von Hodenberg, Jan Ehrchen, Jonathan Barratt, Yusuke Suzuki, Cord Sunderkötter
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2019)
Gynaecologist is suspended for insensitive remarks in front of colleagues
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2019)

A gynaecologist who was found to have made flippant and insensitive remarks in the presence of colleagues—and in one case a patient—has been suspended for three months by a medical practitioners’ tribunal.

In an apparent effort to put a patient at ease before her abortion, the tribunal found, Keiron Timothy Moriarty said: “Some women are not put on this earth to have babies. It’s a woman’s choice and just because Muslims try to bomb us back to the dark ages, it doesn’t change anything.” The tribunal held that the comment constituted serious professional misconduct.

The tribunal found that two other comments did not amount to serious misconduct on their own but constituted a pattern that justified such a …
A Somatic p.Phe29del Mutation of Connexin 26 (<i>GJB2</i>) Manifesting as Acantholytic Dyskeratotic Epidermal Nevus
Authors: Young In Lee, Tae-Gyun Kim, Seung-Tae Lee, Si-Hyung Lee, Min-Geol Lee
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Characterization of three clade 2.3.4.4 H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds
Authors: Yuan Qiu, Yang Li, Jinping Li, Guangyu Hou, Suchun Wang, Qingye Zhuang, Cheng Peng, Xuebing Zhao, Wenming Jiang, Fasheng Zou
Journal: Journal of Infection (2019)
Targeting PI3K in cancer: mechanisms and advances in clinical trials
Authors: Jing Yang, Ji Nie, Xuelei Ma, Yuquan Wei, Yong Peng, Xiawei Wei
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2019)

Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is one of the most important intracellular pathways, which can be considered as a master regulator for cancer. Enormous efforts have been dedicated to the development of drugs targeting PI3K signaling, many of which are currently employed in clinical trials evaluation, and it is becoming increasingly clear that PI3K inhibitors are effective in inhibiting tumor progression. PI3K inhibitors are subdivided into dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, pan-PI3K inhibitors and isoform-specific inhibitors. In this review, we performed a critical review to summarize the role of the PI3K pathway in tumor development, recent PI3K inhibitors development based on clinical trials, and the mechanisms of resistance to PI3K inhibition.
Comparison of Rebound Tonometry and Handheld Applanation Tonometry in Pediatric Glaucoma with Clear and Scarred Corneas
Authors: Swathi Vallabh Badakere, Harsha L. Rao, Mohammad Hasnat Ali, Anil K. Mandal, Nikhil S. Choudhari, G. Chandrasekhar, Sirisha Senthil
Journal: Ophthalmology (2019)
CLO19-052: Incidence of Ribociclib-Associated Cardiac Conduction Abnormalities in Patients With Hormone Receptor-Positive HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Combined Analysis of 3 Phase III Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Kyaw Z. Thein, Somedeb Ball, Sriman Swarup, Anita Sultan, Myo H. Zaw, Lukman Tijani, Sanjay Awasthi, Fred Hardwicke, Catherine Jones
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2019)

Introduction: Ribociclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, has improved survival in patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER 2)-negative advanced breast cancer. Despite remarkable efficacy, potential cardiac toxicities remain a concern. We undertook a combined analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) to estimate the incidence of prolongation of corrected QT interval (QTcF) associated with ribociclib. Methods: We performed systematic search of Embase, MEDLINE, and meeting abstracts till September 30, 2018, to find all phase 3 RCTs comparing ribociclib with other agents or placebo in patients with advanced breast cancer and reporting QTc prolongation as adverse event. Mantel-Haenszel method was used to calculate the pooled risk ratio (RR) and absolute risk difference (RD) with 95% CI. Fixed effects model was applied. Heterogeneity was assessed using I 2 statistic. Results: Three phase III studies with 2,062 participants were included. Randomization ratio was 1 to 1 in MONALEESA-2 and 7 studies and 2 to 1 in MONALEESA-3 study. I 2 statistic was 0, suggesting homogeneity across studies. Prolongation of QTcF &gt;60 msec from baseline was observed in 72 patients (61 had post-baseline QTcF &gt;480 msec) in ribociclib arm, compared to 7 in control arm. Pooled RR for prolongation of QTcF was 7.956 (95%CI: 3.683–17.187; P &lt;.001) and RD was 0.055 (95%CI: 0.040–0.070; P &lt;.001). The risk of having a post-baseline QTcF &gt;480 msec was significantly higher with ribociclib vs control (pooled RR, 4.002; 95%CI: 2.161–7.412; P &lt;.001; and RD, 0.039; 95%CI: 0.024–0.055; P &lt;.001). A total of 16 (1.38%) patients in the ribociclib arm had dose reduction, interruption, or discontinuation due to QTcF prolongation, as opposed to 3 (0.33%) in control arm. Pooled RR and RD were statistically significant at 4.204 (95%CI: 1.333–3.260; P =.014) and 0.012 (95%CI: 0.004–0.021; P =.006), respectively. Conclusion: Advanced breast cancer patients may have cardiac dysfunction due to prior cardiotoxic chemotherapies. In our meta-analysis, ribociclib was associated with significantly higher risk of QTc prolongation and the resultant dosing inconsistencies and discontinuation. Early detection of this potential adverse event and timely intervention are critical.
4E-BP1 Is a Tumor Suppressor Protein Reactivated by mTOR Inhibition in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Zhiyong Wang, Xiaodong Feng, Alfredo A. Molinolo, Daniel Martin, Lynn Vitale-Cross, Nijiro Nohata, Mizuo Ando, Amy Wahba, Panomwat Amornphimoltham, Xingyu Wu, Mara Gilardi, Michael Allevato, Victoria Wu, Dana J. Steffen, Philip Tofilon, Nahum Sonenberg, Joseph Califano, Qianming Chen, Scott M. Lippman, J. Silvio Gutkind
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Aberrant activation of the PI3K-mTOR signaling pathway occurs in >80% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), and overreliance on this signaling circuit may in turn represent a cancer-specific vulnerability that can be exploited therapeutically. mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) promote tumor regression in genetically defined and chemically induced HNSCC animal models, and encouraging results have been recently reported. However, the mTOR-regulated targets contributing to the clinical response have not yet been identified. Here, we focused on EIF4E-BP1 (4E-BP1), a direct target of mTOR that serves as key effector for protein synthesis. A systematic analysis of genomic alterations in the PIK3CA-mTOR pathway in HNSCC revealed that 4E-BP1 is rarely mutated, but at least one 4E-BP1 gene copy is lost in over 35% of the patients with HNSCC, correlating with decreased 4E-BP1 protein expression. 4E-BP1 gene copy number loss correlated with poor disease-free and overall survival. Aligned with a tumor-suppressive role, 4e-bp1/2 knockout mice formed larger and more lesions in models of HNSCC carcinogenesis. mTORi treatment or conditional expression of a mutant 4E-BP1 that cannot be phosphorylated by mTOR was sufficient to disrupt the translation-initiation complex and prevent tumor growth. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9-targeted 4E-BP1 HNSCC cells resulted in reduced sensitivity to mTORi in vitro and in vivo. Overall, these findings indicate that in HNSCC, mTOR persistently restrains 4E-BP1 via phosphorylation and that mTORi can restore the tumor-suppressive function of 4E-BP1. Our findings also support 4E-BP1 expression and phosphorylation status as a mechanistic biomarker of mTORi sensitivity in patients with HNSCC. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings suggest that EIF4E-BP1 acts as a tumor suppressor in HNSCC and that 4E-BP1 dephosphorylation mediates the therapeutic response to mTORi, providing a mechanistic biomarker for future precision oncology trials.
Causative Organisms and Resistance Patterns of Infection in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS): A 20 Year Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Alyssa Pradhan, Rakchha Chhetri, Amilia Wee, Rahul Malhotra, Deepak Singhal, Renjy Nelson, Morgyn S Warner, Devendra K Hiwase
Journal: Blood (2018)
Abstract 17272: Regionalization of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Lowers Mortality, Re-operation, and Healthcare Costs
Authors: Michael F Swartz, Joseph Orie, Matthew Egan, Francisco Gensini, George M Alfieris
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: The mortality of infants requiring cardiac surgery is related to center and surgeon case volume. One solution for increasing case volume is to regionalize pediatric cardiac surgical care. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the regionalization of pediatric cardiac surgical care from two medical centers would lower mortality, rate of re-operation, and subsequent health care costs. Methods: Infants undergoing a biventricular repair were divided into two groups: pre-regionalization when operations were performed in two separate hospitals (1991-2000) and post-regionalization when all operations were performed in one regional hospital (2001-2010). Operative survival, midterm mortality, need for re-operation, and subsequent healthcare costs were compared between the groups. Results: There were 508 infants in the pre-regionalization group, and 479 infants in the post-regionalization group. There were no significant differences in pre-operative age, weight, or gender between groups. Pre-regionalization operative survival was significantly lower than the state average. Post-regionalization operative survival was significantly greater than pre-regionalization and was similar to the state average (Figure 1). Five and 10 year survival remained significantly greater in the post-regionalization group (5 year: 96.8% vs 90.6%, 10 year: 96.8% vs. 89.9%, p&lt;0.01). Five and ten year freedom from re-operation was significantly higher in the post-regionalization group (5 year: 88.8 vs 79.5 %, 10 year: 82.7 vs 73.3%, p=0.001). Subsequent health care costs were significantly lower in the post-regionalization group ($20,233 ± 53596 vs. 37,516 ± 82,947, p&lt;0.001).Conclusions: Regionalization of pediatric cardiac surgical care lowered operative and 10 year mortality, rate of re-operation, and subsequent costs of health care.
The Duration of MRD-Negative Status in Multiple Myeloma (MM) Patients after Auto-HSCT Is a Criterion for Prolonged Remission without Maintenance Therapy
Authors: Maxim V. Solovev, Larisa P. Mendeleeva, Olga S. Pokrovskaya, Eduard G. Gemdzhian, Larisa A. Kuzmina, Maiia V. Firsova, Maria V. Nareyko, Irina V. Galtseva, Julia O. Davydova, Valeriy G. Savchenko
Journal: Blood (2017)
p190RhoGAP Filters Competing Signals to Resolve Axon Guidance Conflicts
Authors: Dario Bonanomi, Fabiola Valenza, Onanong Chivatakarn, Matthew J. Sternfeld, Shawn P. Driscoll, Aaron Aslanian, Karen Lettieri, Miriam Gullo, Aurora Badaloni, Joseph W. Lewcock, Tony Hunter, Samuel L. Pfaff
Journal: Neuron (2019)
Abstract 17177: Cost of Hospitalizations Related to Hypertension (HTN) and Acute Myocardial Infraction (AMI) Related Events: Result From the 2014 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey
Authors: Emir Veledar, Anshul Saxena, Muni Rubens, Sankalp Das, Peter McGranaghan
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Each year in the USA, more than 75 million adults are diagnosed with hypertension (HTN), but less than 54% have it condition under control. Mortality due to HTN or related complications was 410,000 in 2014 and resulted in close to $50 billion spent. Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is the most dramatic manifestation of coronary artery disease. Every year, about 735,000 people are diagnosed with AMI and it is estimated that hospitals lose $4493-$7940 per AMI patient on hospitalization. We studied interplays of expenditures for all events associated with HTN and AMI in the US in 2014. Methods: We used all available subsets from Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS; 2014) to extract all cost and utilization events related to HTN and AMI, following procedures for complex surveys as described in MEPS specifications to define population influenced by HTN and AMI, number of events, and related costs. Patients were included in this analysis if they were ≥20 years. Results: In 2014, there were about 236 million weighted participants in MEPS. Out of these, about 4.9 million participants reported costs related to AMI and 61.8 million related to HTN. About 3.9 million people reported both. Out of 61 million with HTN, 4 million reported AMI, whereas out of 174 million without HTN, only 1 million had AMI (OR: 11.1; 7.9-15.5). Those who had events associated with AMI, with an average cost of $5328/event, adding to total expenditures of $26.6 billion. Cost of AMI, HTN and both were $6.8 billion, $4.1 billion, and $2.7 billion, respectively. The total cost of hospitalization due to both HTN and AMI was 31.4% of the total healthcare expenditure among these participants. Conclusion: Burden of AMI includes almost 5 million people who live and die with AMI, and pay a high cost to manage this condition. Evidence from this study suggests that there is a significant disparity between the cost of hospitalization due to AMI between people with HTN and without HTN, which has potential implications on outcomes, quality of care, and hospital sustainability for AMI population. Symptom management at primary care settings may decrease the number of AMI events resulting in lower spending and cost savings by hospitals.
Increased Serine Synthesis Provides an Advantage for Tumors Arising in Tissues Where Serine Levels Are Limiting
Authors: Mark R. Sullivan, Katherine R. Mattaini, Emily A. Dennstedt, Anna A. Nguyen, Sharanya Sivanand, Montana F. Reilly, Katrina Meeth, Alexander Muir, Alicia M. Darnell, Marcus W. Bosenberg, Caroline A. Lewis, Matthew G. Vander Heiden
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2019)
A neural basis for food foraging in obesity
Authors: Eva Almiron-Roig, Maria A. Pastor, J. Alfredo Martínez, Adam Drewnowski
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2019)

Abstract Poverty-related food insecurity can be viewed as a form of economic and nutritional uncertainty that can lead, in some situations, to a desire for more filling and satisfying food. Given the current obesogenic food environment and the nature of the food supply, those food choices could engage a combination of sensory, neurophysiological, and genetic factors as potential determinants of obesity.
Abstract 15283: The Thermogenic Actions of Natriuretic Peptide in Brown Adipocytes: The Direct Measurement of the Intracellular Temperature Using a Fluorescent Thermoprobe
Authors: Haruka Kimura, Tomohisa Nagoshi, Akira Yoshii, Yusuke Kashiwagi, Yoshiro Tanaka, Keiichi Ito, Takuya Yoshino, Toshikazu D Tanaka, Michihiro Yoshimura
Journal: Circulation (2017)

In addition to the various effects of natriuretic peptides on cardiovascular systems, increasing attention is being paid to the possibility that natriuretic peptides induce adipose tissue browning ...
Abstract 11114: Effects of Epigenetic Modifiers on Lps-induced Enos/rho Signaling And Restoration of Adherens Junction Integrity and Endothelial Barrier Protection
Authors: Jayakumar Thangavel, Buddhadeb Dawn, Johnson Rajasingh
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background and Objective: Impairment of the regulation of tissue fluid homeostasis and migration of blood cells across the endothelial barrier are crucial factors in the pathogenesis of acute lung ...
Extensive Intraoperative Peritoneal Lavage to Prevent Metastases From Gastric Cancer
Authors: Edward A. Levine
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal