tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Contributors to Increased Mortality Associated With Care Fragmentation After Emergency General Surgery
Authors: Marta L. McCrum, Austin R. Cannon, Chelsea M. Allen, Angela P. Presson, Lyen C. Huang, Benjamin S. Brooke
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Care fragmentation at time of readmission after emergency general surgery (EGS) is associated with high mortality; however, the factors underlying this finding remain unclear. <h3>Objective</h3> To identify patient and hospital factors associated with increased mortality among patients after EGS readmitted within 30 days of discharge to a nonindex hospital. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Retrospective cohort study using the 2014 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Readmissions Database. Participants were all adult patients (18 years or older) who underwent 1 of the 15 most common EGS procedures in the United States from January 1 to November 30, 2014, and survived to discharge. The dates of analysis were October through December 2019. <h3>Exposures</h3> Thirty-day readmission to a hospital other than that of the index surgical procedure. The study examined the association of interventions during readmission, change in hospital resource level, and severity of patient illness during readmission. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Ninety-day inpatient mortality. <h3>Results</h3> In total, 71 944 patients who underwent EGS (mean [SD] age, 59.0 [18.3] years; 53.5% [38 487 of 71 944] female) were readmitted within 30 days of discharge, of whom 10 495 (14.6%) were readmitted to a nonindex hospital. Compared with patients readmitted to index hospitals, patients readmitted to nonindex hospitals were more likely to be readmitted to hospitals with low annual EGS volume (33.5% vs 25.6%,<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and be in the top half of illness severity profile (37.2% vs 31.2%,<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Overall 90-day mortality was higher in the patients readmitted to nonindex hospitals (6.1% vs 4.3%,<i>P</i> &lt; .001). When adjusted for baseline patient and hospital characteristics, care fragmentation was independently associated with increased mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.36; 95% CI, 1.17-1.58;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). After adjustment for interventions performed during readmission, change in EGS hospital volume level, and severity of patient illness, care fragmentation was no longer independently associated with mortality (aOR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.88-1.26;<i>P</i> = .58). In this complete model, severity of illness was the strongest risk factor of mortality during readmission. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this cohort study of adult patients who require rehospitalization after EGS, 14.6% are readmitted to a hospital other than where the index procedure was performed. Although the overall mortality rate is higher for this population, the excess mortality appears to be primarily associated with severity of patient illness at time of readmission. These data underscore the need to develop systems of care to rapidly triage patients to hospitals best equipped to manage their condition.
Increased intracellular Cl<sup>-</sup> concentration improves airway epithelial migration by activating the RhoA/ROCK Pathway
Authors: Wenjie Huang, Meiling Tan, Yue Wang, Lei Liu, Yan Pan, Jingjing Li, Mingxing Ouyang, Chunjiao Long, Xiangping Qu, Huijun Liu, Chi Liu, Jia Wang, Linhong Deng, Yang Xiang, Xiaoqun Qin
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

In the airway, Cl
Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Youth: An Important Marker of Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Geetha Raghuveer, Jacob Hartz, David R. Lubans, Timothy Takken, Jennifer L. Wiltz, Michele Mietus-Snyder, Amanda M. Perak, Carissa Baker-Smith, Nicholas Pietris, Nicholas M. Edwards
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) refers to the capacity of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen to skeletal muscle mitochondria for energy production needed during physical activity. CRF is an important marker of physical and mental health and academic achievement in youth. However, only 40% of US youth are currently believed to have healthy CRF. In this statement, we review the physiological principles that determine CRF, the tools that are available to assess CRF, the modifiable and nonmodifiable factors influencing CRF, the association of CRF with markers of health in otherwise healthy youth, and the temporal trends in CRF both in the United States and internationally. Development of a cost-effective CRF measurement process that could readily be incorporated into office visits and in field settings to screen all youth periodically could help identify those at increased risk.
Factors Associated With Adequate Lamina Propria Sampling and Presence of Lamina Propria Fibrosis in Children with Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Girish Hiremath, Yash A. Choksi, Sari Acra, Hernan Correa, Evan S. Dellon
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)
Trimodal Therapy Approaches for Localized Rectal Cancer
Authors: Christopher G. Willett
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2020)

Excellent long-term outcomes and manageable toxicity are being achieved with contemporary treatment strategies for rectal cancer. Short-course radiotherapy is now an acceptable standard. Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT), which incorporates induction or consolidation chemotherapy, has improved the delivery of treatment regiments. TNT is now a standard of care, although the sequencing of radiation and chemotherapy in TNT, appropriate amount of chemotherapy in TNT, and addition of irinotecan to the regimen are still being debated. Nonoperative management of rectal cancer appears to be a safe option for select patients, but it is not yet an NCCN recommendation. In addition, the omission of radiation is being evaluated as a treatment option in some cases.
AB0907 BONE METABOLISM ASSESSMENT IN PATIENTS WITH RECENT DIAGNOSIS OF GIANT CELL ARTERITIS
Authors: A. Nack, I. Casafont-Solé, L. Mateo, S. Holgado Pérez, M. Martínez-Morillo, M. Aparicio Espinar, A. Riveros, C. Sanguesa, Á. Prior-Español, M. Aparicio Rovira, A. Olive, L. Gifre
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: There are several studies assessing bone mass and osteoporosis (OP) development of patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) during glucocorticoid treatment, however data at time of diagnosis is scarce. Objectives: To analyze bone metabolism, bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular microarchitecture by measuring trabecular bone score (TBS) in patients with recent diagnosis of GCA. Methods: Retrospective observational study in which we included all patients with GCA and bone metabolism assessment at diagnosis. We recorded: risk factors for OP (previous fractures and anti-OP treatments), bone metabolism (calcium, phosphate, PTH, 25-vitaminD [25-OHD]) and the DXA results (Lunar, DPX) at the time of diagnosis and during the follow-up. The statistic analysis was made with SPSS. Results: 36 patients (27 W: 9M) with a mean age of 76±9 years were included. The clinical characteristics of the GCA at diagnoses were: headache (81%), constitutional syndrome (58%), allodynia (42%), visual loss (42%, binocular in 2 patients), jaw claudication (39%), polymyalgic syndrome (28%), amaurosis fugax (25%) and lingular necrosis (n=1, 3%). Additional diagnosis tests included: temporal biopsy (86%, being pathologic in 55%), temporal ultrasound (97%, pathologic 34%), extra-cranial arteries ultrasound (81%, pathologic 7%) and PET/CT (19%, pathologic 86%). Up to 61% received three metilprednisolone bolus (mean dose 1700mg). 7 patients (19%) had previous OP and 3 had already suffered a fragility fracture (Colles, vertebral and femur). Only 4 patients were receiving anti-OP treatment (2 oral bisphosphonate, 2 zoledronate). At time of diagnosis of GCA, the mean of 25OHD was 17±13ng/mL (88%, &lt;30). BMD showed low bone mass in 80% of patients (47% with OP, 33% osteopenia). The mean TBS was 1.026±0.098 and up to 38% showed poor bone microarchitecture [values &lt;1.23]). No significant differences were observed between patients with or without TBS &lt;1.23. Up to 94% of patients received anti-OP treatment (26 zoledronate, 6 oral bisphosphonate, 1 denosumab, 1 teriparatide). 3 patients had incidental fractures during the follow-up, however no relation was found with BMD or TBS. Conclusion: Low bone mass and vitamin D insufficiency are frequent in patients with recent diagnoses of GCA and up to 38% have poor bone microarchitecture at baseline. Thus, it’s important to perform a bone mass assessment in all patients with recent diagnose of ACG and initiate therapeutic or preventive anti-OP treatment if required. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
A panel of eight microRNAs is a good predictive parameter for triple-negative breast cancer relapse
Authors: Hsiao-Chin Hong, Cheng-Hsun Chuang, Wei-Chih Huang, Shun-Long Weng, Chia-Hung Chen, Kuang-Hsin Chang, Kuang-Wen Liao, Hsien-Da Huang
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Rationale: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which has the highest recurrence rate and shortest survival time of all breast cancers, is in urgent need of a risk assessment method to determine an accurate treatment course. Recently, miRNA expression patterns have been identified as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized therapy. Here, we investigate a combination of candidate miRNAs as a clinically applicable signature that can precisely predict relapse in TNBC patients after surgery. Methods: Four total cohorts of training (TCGA_TNBC and GEOD-40525) and validation (GSE40049 and GSE19783) datasets were analyzed with logistic regression and Gaussian mixture analyses. We established a miRNA signature risk model and identified an 8-miRNA signature for the prediction of TNBC relapse. Results: The miRNA signature risk model identified ten candidate miRNAs in the training set. By combining 8 of the 10 miRNAs (miR-139-5p, miR-10b-5p, miR-486-5p, miR-455-3p, miR-107, miR-146b-5p, miR-324-5p and miR-20a-5p), an accurate predictive model of relapse in TNBC patients was established and was highly correlated with prognosis (AUC of 0.80). Subsequently, this 8-miRNA signature prognosticated relapse in the two validation sets with AUCs of 0.89 and 0.90. Conclusion: The 8-miRNA signature predictive model may help clinicians provide a prognosis for TNBC patients with a high risk of recurrence after surgery and provide further personalized treatment to decrease the chance of relapse.
Rethinking research on the social determinants of global mental health
Authors: Kelly Rose-Clarke, Dristy Gurung, Carrie Brooke-Sumner, Rochelle Burgess, Jonathan Burns, Ritsuko Kakuma, Kwabena Kusi-Mensah, Lourdes Ladrido-Ignacio, Pallab K Maulik, Tessa Roberts, Ian F Walker, Shehan Williams, Peter Yaro, Graham Thornicroft, Crick Lund
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2020)
Biomaterials Regulating Bone Hematoma for Osteogenesis
Authors: Ying Yang, Yin Xiao
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Blood coagulation in tissue healing not only prevents blood loss, but also forms a natural scaffold for tissue repair and regeneration. As blood clot formation is the initial and foremost phase upon bone injury, and the quality of blood clot (hematoma) orchestrates the following inflammatory and cellular processes as well as the subsequent callus formation and bone remodeling process. Inspired by the natural healing hematoma, tissue‐engineered biomimic scaffold/hydrogels and blood prefabrication strategies attract significant interests in developing functional bone substitutes. The alteration of the fracture hematoma ca significantly accelerate or impair the overall bone healing process. This review summarizes the impact of biomaterials on blood coagulation and provides evidence on fibrin network structure, growth factors, and biomolecules that contribute to bone healing within the hematoma. The aim is to provide insights into the development of novel implant and bone biomaterials for enhanced osteogenesis. Advances in the understanding of biomaterial characteristics (e.g., morphology, chemistry, wettability, and protein adsorption) and their effect on hematoma properties are highlighted. Emphasizing the importance of the initial healing phase of the hematoma endows the design of advanced biomaterials with the desired regulatory properties for optimal coagulation and hematoma properties, thereby facilitating enhanced osteogenesis and ideal therapeutic effects.
Toward an equitable society: building a culture of antiracism in health care
Authors: Eugenia C. South, Paris D. Butler, Raina M. Merchant
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

In the late spring of 2020, outcry about the brutal killings of George Floyd, Ahmaud Arbery, and Breonna Taylor led to widespread protests by diverse groups in support of the Black Lives Matter movement and demands to end police brutality.These uprisings generated unprecedented corporate and institutional acknowledgments of solidarity.In the health care setting, thousands of providers across the United States knelt for eight minutes and 46 seconds during "White Coats for Black Lives" demonstrations, and many institutions issued public statements denouncing racism.These events unfolded against a global COVID-19 pandemic, which has to date resulted in approximately 11.6 million cases and 539,000 deaths worldwide.Consistent with a long history of significant racial disparities in health outcomes (1), Black patients have been diagnosed with and died from COVID-19 at significantly higher rates than White patients (2, 3).Further, Black Americans have borne a disproportionate brunt of the economic fallout of COVID-19, including higher rates of job loss (4).Racism is a root cause underlying widespread disparities in social, economic, and health outcomes, including the ability to stay alive ( 5).Yet, the insidious and pervasive nature of racism, along with the uncomfortable recognition that some groups benefit from how society is currently organized, make it a challenging and complex problem.Health care is not immune.Health care systems wield enormous power and often play an oversized role in the local economies where they reside.For these reasons, addressing racism in all its forms -interpersonal, institutional, and structural -from within health care is critically important to creating an equitable society.
First Results of a Prospective Multicenter Phase I/II Clinical Trial in Adult Patients Using Tcralpha/Beta and CD19 Depleted Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation Following Reduced Intensity Conditioning
Authors: Wolfgang Bethge, Stephan Mielke, Dietger Niederwieser, Roland Meisel, Donald w. Bunjes, Arne Brecht, Jurgen Kuball, Sandra Karitzky, Silke Holtkamp, Christiane Siewert, Stefanie Pflitsch, Michael Schumm, Matthias K. Eyrich, Vladan Vucinic, Markus Wiesneth, Kasper Westinga, Rupert Handgretinger
Journal: Blood (2017)
European maize genomes highlight intraspecies variation in repeat and gene content
Authors: Georg Haberer, Nadia Kamal, Eva Bauer, Heidrun Gundlach, Iris Fischer, Michael A. Seidel, Manuel Spannagl, Caroline Marcon, Alevtina Ruban, Claude Urbany, Adnane Nemri, Frank Hochholdinger, Milena Ouzunova, Andreas Houben, Chris-Carolin Schön, Klaus F. X. Mayer
Journal: Nature Genetics (2020)

Abstract The diversity of maize ( Zea mays ) is the backbone of modern heterotic patterns and hybrid breeding. Historically, US farmers exploited this variability to establish today’s highly productive Corn Belt inbred lines from blends of dent and flint germplasm pools. Here, we report de novo genome sequences of four European flint lines assembled to pseudomolecules with scaffold N50 ranging from 6.1 to 10.4 Mb. Comparative analyses with two US Corn Belt lines explains the pronounced differences between both germplasms. While overall syntenic order and consolidated gene annotations reveal only moderate pangenomic differences, whole-genome alignments delineating the core and dispensable genome, and the analysis of heterochromatic knobs and orthologous long terminal repeat retrotransposons unveil the dynamics of the maize genome. The high-quality genome sequences of the flint pool complement the maize pangenome and provide an important tool to study maize improvement at a genome scale and to enhance modern hybrid breeding.
Long non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer: New emerging biological functions and therapeutic implications
Authors: Huidan Tan, Shouyue Zhang, Jin Zhang, Lingjuan Zhu, Yanmei Chen, Hongmei Yang, Yi Chen, Yang An, Bo Liu
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Gastric cancer (GC) is currently the fourth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), transcriptional products with more than 200 nucleotides, are not as well-characterized as protein-coding RNAs. Accumulating evidence has recently revealed that maladjustments of diverse lncRNAs may play key roles in multiple genetic and epigenetic phenomena in GC, affecting all aspects of cellular homeostasis, such as proliferation, migration, and stemness. However, the full extent of their functionality remains to be clarified. Considering the lack of viable biomarkers and therapeutic targets, future research should be focused on unravelling the intricate relationships between lncRNAs and GC that can be translated from bench to clinic. Here, we summarized the state-of-the-art advances in lncRNAs and their biological functions in GC, and we further discuss their potential diagnostic and therapeutic roles. We aim to shed light on the interrelationships between lncRNAs and GC with respect to their potential therapeutic applications. With better understanding of these relationships, the biological functions of lncRNAs in GC development will be exploitable, and promising new strategies developed for the prevention and treatment of GC.
Particle sizes of infectious aerosols: implications for infection control
Authors: Kevin P Fennelly
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2020)

The global pandemic of COVID-19 has been associated with infections and deaths among health-care workers. This Viewpoint of infectious aerosols is intended to inform appropriate infection control measures to protect health-care workers. Studies of cough aerosols and of exhaled breath from patients with various respiratory infections have shown striking similarities in aerosol size distributions, with a predominance of pathogens in small particles (<5 μm). These are immediately respirable, suggesting the need for personal respiratory protection (respirators) for individuals in close proximity to patients with potentially virulent pathogens. There is no evidence that some pathogens are carried only in large droplets. Surgical masks might offer some respiratory protection from inhalation of infectious aerosols, but not as much as respirators. However, surgical masks worn by patients reduce exposures to infectious aerosols to health-care workers and other individuals. The variability of infectious aerosol production, with some so-called super-emitters producing much higher amounts of infectious aerosol than most, might help to explain the epidemiology of super-spreading. Airborne infection control measures are indicated for potentially lethal respiratory pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
Rapid Scaling Up of Covid-19 Diagnostic Testing in the United States — The NIH RADx Initiative
Authors: Bruce J. Tromberg, Tara A. Schwetz, Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable, Richard J. Hodes, Richard P. Woychik, Rick A. Bright, Rachael L. Fleurence, Francis S. Collins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

RADx — Rapid Scaling Up of Covid-19 Testing In April 2020, Congress appropriated $1.5 billion to the NIH to increase national testing capacity for SARS-CoV-2. The NIH established the Rapid Accelera...
Sonia Johnson—helping shape mental health policy
Authors: Tony Kirby
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2020)

Sonia Johnson's interest in helping people has always extended beyond clinical medicine. At the end of her preclinical undergraduate years at the University of Cambridge, she studied social and political sciences and sometimes struggled to see a future in medicine. "However, I loved studying political philosophy and social psychology, and I hoped to take these subjects further somehow in my career," says Johnson, now director of England's National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Policy Research Unit (PRU).
Health Related Quality of Life and Fatigue Improve on Second Line Treatments in Pediatric Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)
Authors: Rachael F. Grace, Robert J Klaassen, Rukhmi Bhat, Michelle Neier, Melissa J. Rose, Jenny M. Despotovic, Carolyn M. Bennett, James B. Bussel, Jennifer A. Rothman, Vicky R. Breakey, Kerry Hege, Kristin A. Shimano, Kristina M. Haley, Amy E. Geddis, George R. Buchanan, Adonis Lorenzano, Cindy Neunert, Michael R. Jeng, Yves D. Pastore, Shelley Crary, Ellis J Neufeld, Nolan Neu, Peter Forbes, Michele P. Lambert
Journal: Blood (2017)
Immunomodulation of intracranial melanoma in response to blood-tumor barrier opening with focused ultrasound
Authors: Colleen T Curley, Aaron D Stevens, Alexander S Mathew, Katarzyna Stasiak, William J Garrison, G Wilson Miller, Natasha D Sheybani, Victor H Engelhard, Timothy N J Bullock, Richard J Price
Journal: Theranostics (2020)

Focused ultrasound (FUS) activation of microbubbles (MBs) for blood-brain (BBB) and blood-tumor barrier (BTB) opening permits targeted therapeutic delivery. While the effects of FUS+MBs mediated BBB opening have been investigated for normal brain tissue, no such studies exist for intracranial tumors. As this technology advances into clinical immunotherapy trials, it will be crucial to understand how FUS+MBs modulates the tumor immune microenvironment.
Automated preparation for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing: evaluation of a research use only prototype, the BD Kiestra IdentifA/SusceptA system
Authors: James W. Snyder, Gina K. Thomson, Stacy Heckman, Kira Jamros, Sameh AbdelGhani, Kenneth S. Thomson
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2020)

The current BD Kiestra™ total laboratory automation (TLA) system automates specimen inoculation, incubation, and digital visualization of cultures prior to initiation of manual or semi-automated identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). The current study aimed to compare the performance, in a clinical setting, of a fully automated research-use-only prototype, BD Kiestra™ IdentifA/SusceptA (automated system), to our current BD Kiestra™ TLA which utilizes manual or semi-automated IDs and ASTs (current system).
Erratum for the Research Article: “PI4KIIIβ is a therapeutic target in chromosome 1q–amplified lung adenocarcinoma” by X. Tan, P. Banerjee, E. A. Pham, F. U. N. Rutaganira, K. Basu, N. Bota-Rabassedas, H.-F. Guo, C. L. Grzeskowiak, X. Liu, J. Yu, L. Shi, D. H. Peng, B. L. Rodriguez, J. Zhang, V. Zheng, D. Y. Duose, L. M. Solis, B. Mino, M. G. Raso, C. Behrens, I. I. Wistuba, K. L. Scott, M. Smith, K. Nguyen, G. Lam, I. Choong, A. Mazumdar, J. L. Hill, D. L. Gibbons, P. H. Brown, W. K. Russell, …
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2020)