tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Older adult participation in cancer clinical trials: A systematic review of barriers and interventions
Authors: Mina S. Sedrak, Rachel A. Freedman, Harvey J. Cohen, Hyman B. Muss, Aminah Jatoi, Heidi D. Klepin, Tanya M. Wildes, Jennifer G. Le‐Rademacher, Gretchen G. Kimmick, William P. Tew, Kevin George, Simran Padam, Jennifer Liu, Andrew R. Wong, Andrea Lynch, Benjamin Djulbegovic, Supriya G. Mohile, William Dale
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2020)

Abstract Cancer is a disease of aging and, as the world's population ages, the number of older persons with cancer is increasing and will make up a growing share of the oncology population in virtually every country. Despite this, older patients remain vastly underrepresented in research that sets the standards for cancer treatments. Consequently, most of what we know about cancer therapeutics is based on clinical trials conducted in younger, healthier patients, and effective strategies to improve clinical trial participation of older adults with cancer remain sparse. For this systematic review, the authors evaluated published studies regarding barriers to participation and interventions to improve participation of older adults in cancer trials. The quality of the available evidence was low and, despite a literature describing multifaceted barriers, only one intervention study aimed to increase enrollment of older adults in trials. The findings starkly amplify the paucity of evidence‐based, effective strategies to improve participation of this underrepresented population in cancer trials. Within these limitations, the authors provide their opinion on how the current cancer research infrastructure must be modified to accommodate the needs of older patients. Several underused solutions are offered to expand clinical trials to include older adults with cancer. However, as currently constructed, these recommendations alone will not solve the evidence gap in geriatric oncology, and efforts are needed to meet older and frail adults where they are by expanding clinical trials designed specifically for this population and leveraging real‐world data.
HP0008 The use of complementary and alternative medicine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: AC Seymour, CA Mayes, KA Young, S Stafford, L Waterhouse, H Dart
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> There are few randomised-controlled studies on the efficacy of Complementary/Alternative Medicine (CAMs). Lack of or misleading information for patients could lead to inappropriate management. There is little liaison or accountability between medical and CAM practitioners in the UK and little information on referral patterns and extent of knowledge about CAMs amongst rheumatologists. For this reason there may be a need for a structured departmental policy. <h3>Aims</h3> To assess the number, type and cost of CAMs used by patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). <h3>Methods</h3> A postal questionnaire was sent to 200 patients who are still attending The Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Study (ERAS), a long term observational study of early RA from 9 different regions of England. The ERAS database holds details of all drug therapies and outcomes on patients for up to 13 years follow up. The responses of the first 100 (n = 33M, 67F) patients are reported here. <h3>Results</h3> 76 patients had used or were currently using CAMs (currently using n = 35, n = 41 have used). Reasons for their use were:- Symptom relief (n = 30), GP advice (n = 2), Rheumatologist advice (n = 2), wanting to find alternatives to Rheumatology drugs (n = 26), other (n = 9) and not recorded (n = 4). The most widely used CAMs were:- vitamin supplements (n = 53,73%), Homeopathy (n = 30,41%), copper bracelet (n = 31,42%), Acupuncture (n = 33,45%), Osteopathy (n = 29,40%), Aromatherapy (n = 19,26%), cod liver oil (n = 19, 26%) and multivitamins (n = 17,23%). 54 patients used more than one. Cost to each patient over the last year:- &lt;£15 (n = 14), £15-£50(n = 16), £50-£100(n = 6), &gt; 100(n = 8) and not recorded (n = 29). Of the 35 patients currently on CAMs, 22 were still on, and 6 had used second line (disease modifying) drugs. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our results show that 76% of RA patients were or had taken CAMs. These were in addition to second line (disease modifying) drugs, and not as alternatives. A few CAMs (e.g. acupuncture) are provided by some Health Service Hospitals, but generally were paid for by patients. The main reason for stopping were lack of efficacy and expense.
Evolution of cystic airspaces lung lesions on immune checkpoint inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Claudia Parisi, Giuseppe Lamberti, Maurizio Zompatori, Francesco Gelsomino, Stefania Salvagni, Francesca Sperandi, Andrea Ardizzoni
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can be associated with pulmonary cystic airspaces (pCAs). pCAs are radiologically classified into four types based on whether the nodule or mass extrudes the wall of the pCAs. In most cases, response evaluation of these lesions by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) V.1.1 is challenging. Based on the observation of a case of morphological evolution of pCAs associated with NSCLC in a patient receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), we reviewed retrospectively imaging scans of 92 consecutive advanced patients with NSCLC treated at our institution. Overall, three cases of pCAs associated with NSCLC obtained a remarkable change following ICI. Of note, these changes were not always seen in the context of a clear radiological objective response. The morphological changes observed may reflect a novel pattern of response to immunotherapy agents that clinicians should be aware of. This pattern of response, not reported before, warrants further investigation and, if confirmed, we believe that it should be considered in future version of immune RECIST.
Small airway loss in the physiologically ageing lung: a cross-sectional study in unused donor lungs
Authors: Stijn E Verleden, Miranda Kirby, Stephanie Everaerts, Arno Vanstapel, John E McDonough, Erik K Verbeken, Peter Braubach, Matthieu N Boone, Danesh Aslam, Johny Verschakelen, Laurens J Ceulemans, Arne P Neyrinck, Dirk E Van Raemdonck, Robin Vos, Marc Decramer, Tillie L Hackett, James C Hogg, Wim Janssens, Geert M Verleden, Bart M Vanaudenaerde
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2020)
Changes in dietary fiber intake in mice reveal associations between colonic mucin <i>O</i>-glycosylation and specific gut bacteria
Authors: Hasinika K. A. H. Gamage, Raymond W. W. Chong, Daniel Bucio-Noble, Liisa Kautto, Anandwardhan A. Hardikar, Malcolm S. Ball, Mark P. Molloy, Nicolle H. Packer, Ian T. Paulsen
Journal: Gut Microbes (2020)

The colonic mucus layer, comprised of highly O-glycosylated mucins, is vital to mediating host-gut microbiota interactions, yet the impact of dietary changes on colonic mucin O-glycosylation and its associations with the gut microbiota remains unexplored. Here, we used an array of omics techniques including glycomics to examine the effect of dietary fiber consumption on the gut microbiota, colonic mucin O-glycosylation and host physiology of high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. The high-fat diet group had significantly impaired glucose tolerance and altered liver proteome, gut microbiota composition, and short-chain fatty acid production compared to normal chow diet group. While dietary fiber inclusion did not reverse all high fat-induced modifications, it resulted in specific changes, including an increase in the relative abundance of bacterial families with known fiber digesters and a higher propionate concentration. Conversely, colonic mucin O-glycosylation remained similar between the normal chow and high-fat diet groups, while dietary fiber intervention resulted in major alterations in O-glycosylation. Correlation network analysis revealed previously undescribed associations between specific bacteria and mucin glycan structures. For example, the relative abundance of the bacterium Parabacteroides distasonis positively correlated with glycan structures containing one terminal fucose and correlated negatively with glycans containing two terminal fucose residues or with both an N-acetylneuraminic acid and a sulfate residue. This is the first comprehensive report of the impact of dietary fiber on the colonic mucin O-glycosylation and associations of these mucosal glycans with specific gut bacteria.
Heparanase-driven sequential released nanoparticles for ferroptosis and tumor microenvironment modulations synergism in breast cancer therapy
Authors: Jun Zhang, Jie Yang, Tiantian Zuo, Siyu Ma, Nadira Xokrat, Zongwei Hu, Zhihua Wang, Rui Xu, Yawen Wei, Qi Shen
Journal: Biomaterials (2020)
Robot-assisted Supratrigonal Cystectomy and Augmentation Cystoplasty with Totally Intracorporeal Reconstruction in Neurourological Patients: Technique Description and Preliminary Results
Authors: Nuno Grilo, Emmanuel Chartier-Kastler, Pietro Grande, François Crettenand, Jérôme Parra, Véronique Phé
Journal: European Urology (2020)

Augmentation cystoplasty as a third-line therapy for neurogenic detrusor overactivity performed by an open approach has long been studied. Few laparoscopic and robot-assisted series have been reported.To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and functional outcomes of completely intracorporeal robot-assisted supratrigonal cystectomy and augmentation cystoplasty (RASCAC) in patients with refractory neurogenic detrusor overactivity.We identified all patients undergoing RASCAC, as treatment for refractory neurogenic detrusor overactivity, from August 2016 to April 2018.RASCAC was performed in all cases using a standardized technique with the da Vinci Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) in a four-arm configuration.Perioperative data, and functional and urodynamic results at 1-yr follow-up were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata version 15.1.Ten patients were identified. No conversion to open surgery was needed. The median operative time was 250 (interquartile range 210-268) min, the median estimated blood loss was 75 (50-255) ml, and the median hospitalization time was 12 (10.5-13) d. The 30-d major complication rate was 10%. Two patients presented a late urinary fistula; in one of the cases, surgical revision was needed. In both cases, low compliance to intermittent self-catheterization was identified. At 1-yr follow-up, functional and urodynamic outcomes were excellent.Robot-assisted augmentation cystoplasty has been shown to be safe and feasible, with a reasonable operative time and low complication rate in experienced hands. A higher number of patients and longer follow-up are, however, warranted to draw definitive conclusions.In this report, we look at the outcomes of robot-assisted supratrigonal cystectomy and augmentation cystoplasty in neurourological patients. Perioperative, functional, and urodynamic results are promising. Further studies with a longer follow-up are needed to confirm these findings.
FRI0218 Ro/ssa and la/ssb specific igg autoantibodies in serum, tear and saliva of patients with sjoegren’s syndrome
Authors: E Toker, S Yavuz, H Direskeneli
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Detection of IgG autoantibodies against Ro/SSA and La/SSB is regarded as one of the diagnostic criterias of Sjoegren's syndrome (SS). <h3>Objectives</h3> We investigated the presence of these antibodies in serum, tear and saliva of patients with SS to show whether local antibody measurements are helpful in the diagnosis of SS. <h3>Methods</h3> Serum, tear and saliva samples of 31 SS patients (16 primary and 15 sary SS) and 16 healthy controls were studied. The levels of anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB were detected by ELISA. Lacrimal gland functions were investigated by Schirmer-I test, Rose-Bengal test and tear break-up time. Dry eye symptoms of patients were also recorded. <h3>Results</h3> Anti-Ro/SSA and Anti-La/SSB were detected in serum of 38.5% (12/31) and 51.6% (16/31) of patients, respectively. In tear samples the positivity was 19.4%(6/31) for anti-Ro/SSA and 45.2%(14/31) for anti-La/SSB. In saliva, antiRo/SSA and anti-La/SSB were detected in 25.8%(8/31) and 41.9%(13/31) of the SS patients, respectively. Serum anti-Ro/SSA negative 2 patients had positive anti-Ro/SSA either in saliva or tear samples. Similarly,2 patients had positive anti-La/SSB in saliva and 4 had in tear samples, whilst anti-La/SSB was negative in their serum. Dry eye objective signs and symptoms were significantly impaired in patients with serum and tear anti-La/SSB positivity (p &lt; 0.05). <h3>Conclusion</h3> These results suggest that Ro/SSA and La/SSB antibodies could be detected in tear and saliva regardless of their presence in serum. Measurement of these antibodies in tear and saliva may be used as an adjunctive diagnostic procedure for SS patients.
Abstract IA12: Preventing melanoma progression through a genomic approach
Authors: Marianne Berwick
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract The InterMEL Program Project has been designed to fill a gap in our knowledge about the biology and clinical course of Stage II and Stage III melanoma. This program, Integration of Clinical and Molecular Biomarkers for Melanoma Survival, is work from a consortium of 12 institutions, using primary melanomas, and differs from the TCGA, which was 80% metastatic melanoma. We are attempting to use genomics (next-gen sequencing, methylation analyses, miRNA, and expression analyses) to form an integrated signature for survival among those diagnosed with Stages II and III melanoma. Such a signature could assist clinicians in determining whether to treat the patient, prior to metastases, with newer therapies or to less aggressively follow those patients unlikely to die of their disease. To do this, we are evaluating 1,000 tumors—500 from those who died from melanoma within 5 years, and 500 from those who lived more than 5 years without progression. Expert pathologists review each lesion for eligibility and classification of clinical characteristics. These tumors have not been treated with immunotherapy or targeted therapies. Full clinical information is available for each tumor, including age, sex, race/ethnicity, anatomic site, histologic subtype, AJCC8 stage, sentinel lymph node status, Breslow thickness, ulceration, mitotic index, TILs, regression, satellites, tumor purity, date of progression (if progressed), vital status, follow-up time to death or last contact. To date, we have clinical and pathologic data on more than 500 of the 1,000 tumors and genomic data on more than 100 of these. We find better survival among those with higher mutation burden, poorer survival among those with a CIMP methylation phenotype, and a number of miRNAs associated with survival. Citation Format: Marianne Berwick, InterMEL. Preventing melanoma progression through a genomic approach [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Melanoma: From Biology to Target; 2019 Jan 15-18; Houston, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA12.
Sequence‐Based Screening of Patients With Idiopathic Polyarteritis Nodosa, Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis, and Microscopic Polyangiitis for Deleterious Genetic Variants in <i>ADA2</i>
Authors: Oskar Schnappauf, Natalia Sampaio Moura, Ivona Aksentijevich, Monique Stoffels, Amanda K. Ombrello, Patrycja Hoffmann, Karyl Barron, Elaine F. Remmers, Michael Hershfield, Susan J. Kelly, David Cuthbertson, Simon Carette, Sharon A. Chung, Lindsy Forbess, Nader A. Khalidi, Curry L. Koening, Carol A. Langford, Carol A. McAlear, Paul A. Monach, Larry Moreland, Christian Pagnoux, Philip Seo, Jason M. Springer, Antoine G. Sreih, Kenneth J. Warrington, Steven R. Ytterberg, Daniel L. Kastner, Peter C. Grayson, Peter A. Merkel
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2020)

Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is a monogenic form of vasculitis that can resemble polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). This study was undertaken to identify potential disease-causing sequence variants in ADA2 in patients with idiopathic PAN, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA).Patients with idiopathic PAN (n = 118) and patients with GPA or MPA (n = 1,107) were screened for rare nonsynonymous variants in ADA2 using DNA sequencing methods. ADA-2 enzyme activity was assessed in selected serum samples.Nine of 118 patients with PAN (7.6%) were identified as having rare nonsynonymous variants in ADA2. Four patients (3.4%) were biallelic for pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants, and 5 patients (4.2%) were monoallelic carriers for 3 variants of uncertain significance and 2 likely pathogenic variants. Serum samples from 2 patients with PAN with biallelic variants were available and showed markedly reduced ADA-2 enzyme activity. ADA-2 enzyme testing of 86 additional patients revealed 1 individual with strongly reduced ADA-2 activity without detectable pathogenic variants. Patients with PAN and biallelic variants in ADA2 were younger at diagnosis than patients with 1 or no variant in ADA2, with no other clinical differences noted. None of the patients with GPA or MPA carried biallelic variants in ADA2.A subset of patients with idiopathic PAN meet genetic criteria for DADA2. Given that tumor necrosis factor inhibition is efficacious in DADA2 but is not conventional therapy for PAN, these findings suggest that ADA-2 testing should strongly be considered in patients with hepatitis B virus-negative idiopathic PAN.
Mild atopic dermatitis lacks systemic inflammation and shows reduced nonlesional skin abnormalities
Authors: Helen He, Ester Del Duca, Aisleen Diaz, Hyun Je Kim, Jesús Gay-Mimbrera, Ning Zhang, Jianni Wu, Jessica Beaziz, Yeriel Estrada, James G. Krueger, Ana B. Pavel, Juan Ruano, Emma Guttman-Yassky
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2020)
Influenza Vaccination to Reduce Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Bahar Behrouzi, Maria Viviana Araujo Campoverde, Kyle Liang, H. Keipp Talbot, Isaac I. Bogoch, Allison McGeer, Ole Fröbert, Mark Loeb, Orly Vardeny, Scott D. Solomon, Jacob A. Udell
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Reply to L. C. Mendez et al and M. A. Kollmeier et al
Authors: William C. Jackson, Holly E. Hartman, Robert T. Dess, Daniel E. Spratt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

Prostate Cancer: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials." 3 The points they have raised reinforce our overarching drive for the above-mentioned study: Changes in practice substantiated by the use of lowerquality evidence can result in unintended consequences.We would like to underscore some fundamental principles in this reply.The goal of treatment is to help patients live better (quality) or longer (quantity).In localized prostate cancer (PCa), to improve overall survival (OS), treatment must reduce PCa-specific mortality (PCSM).The predominant cause of PCSM is a manifestation of the development of distant metastases (DMs).Thus, for an oncologic treatment to improve OS in men with localized PCa, in nearly all scenarios, the treatment must result in, at a minimum, a reduction in the risk of developing DMs.This concept is supported by the analysis performed by the Intermediate Clinical Endpoints in Cancer of the Prostate (ICECaP) working group, which demonstrated that the most suitable surrogate end point for OS in localized PCa is metastasisfree survival. 4,
Response to: ‘Correspondence on ‘Ultrasound shows rapid reduction of crystal depositions during a treat-to-target approach in gout patients: 12-month results from the NOR-Gout study’’ by Hung<i>et al</i>
Authors: Hilde Berner Hammer, Lars Fridtjof Karoliussen, Lene Terslev, Espen A Haavardsholm, Tore K Kvien, Till Uhlig
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

We appreciate the interest by Hung et al 1in our article describing the rapid reduction of ultrasound-detected crystal depositions in gout during 12 months of treat-to-target follow-up on urate-lowering treatment (ULT).

Hung et al comment on the lack of control group in our study, and they suggest a double-blind, controlled study to explore the effectiveness of ULT, and they comment on the lack of information regarding blindness of operators and participants.1 We certainly agree on a randomised controlled trial (RCT) being necessary to confirm our findings, which are based on an observational study without a control group, where neither sonographers nor patients were blind to the treatment. However, since in addition to our study, several smaller studies have shown the reduction of urate depositions during ULT,2–6 and given the strong recommendations to reduce serum urate levels in gout to a …
Prevalence, management, and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infections in older people and those with dementia in mental health wards in London, UK: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Gill Livingston, Hossein Rostamipour, Paul Gallagher, Chris Kalafatis, Abhishek Shastri, Lauren Huzzey, Kathy Liu, Andrew Sommerlad, Louise Marston
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2020)

People living in group situations or with dementia are more vulnerable to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Older people and those with multimorbidity have higher mortality if they become infected than the general population. However, no systematic study exists of COVID-19-related outcomes in older inpatients in psychiatric units, who comprise people from these high-risk groups. We aimed to describe the period prevalence, demographics, symptoms (and asymptomatic cases), management, and survival outcomes of COVID-19 in the older inpatient psychiatric population and people with young-onset dementia in five National Health Service Trusts in London, UK, from March 1 to April 30, 2020.In this retrospective observational study, we collected demographic data, mental health diagnoses, clinical diagnosis of COVID-19, symptoms, management, and COVID-19-related outcome data of inpatients aged 65 years or older or with dementia who were already inpatients or admitted as inpatients to five London mental health Trusts between March 1 and April 30, 2020, and information about available COVID-19-related resources (ie, testing and personal protective equipment). Patients were determined to have COVID-19 if they had a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test, or had relevant symptoms indicative of COVID-19, as determined by their treating physician. We calculated period prevalence of COVID-19 and analysed patients' characteristics, treatments, and outcomes.Of 344 inpatients, 131 (38%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 during the study period (period prevalence 38% [95% CI 33-43]). The mean age of patients who had COVID-19 was 75·3 years (SD 8·2); 68 (52%) were women and 47 (36%) from ethnic minority groups. 16 (12%) of 131 patients were asymptomatic and 121 (92%) had one or more disease-related comorbidity. 108 (82%) patients were compulsorily detained. 74 (56%) patients had dementia, of whom 13 (18%) had young-onset dementia. On average, sites received COVID-19 testing kits 4·5 days after the first clinical COVID-19 presentation. 19 (15%) patients diagnosed with COVID-19 died during the study period, and their deaths were determined to be COVID-19 related.Patients in psychiatric inpatient settings who were admitted without known SARS-CoV-2 infection had a high risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 compared with those in the community and had a higher proportion of deaths from COVID-19 than in the community. Implementation of the long-standing policy of parity of esteem for mental health and planning for future COVID-19 waves in psychiatric hospitals is urgent.None.