tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PKCϵ signaling cascade involved in Stat3 activation and prostate cancer progression
Authors: Moammir Aziz, Herbert Manoharan, Jordan Sand, Nancy Dreckschmidt, Ajit Verma
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

1609  Protein kinase C (PKC), a family of eleven (α, βI, βII, γ, δ, ϵ, η, θ, λ, ζ, μ) phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine protein kinases, exhibits functional diversity in its signals to a variety of cellular functions including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and oncogenesis. PKCϵ, a member of the novel PKC sub-family, is a transforming oncoprotein when overexpressed either in fibroblasts or epithelial cells. PKCϵ is overexpressed and constitutively activated in various human cancers including breast, head and neck, prostate, brain, skin, and bladder. PKCϵ expression levels correlate with the aggressiveness of both prostate and breast cancer. It is also noteworthy that PKCϵ overexpression is sufficient to transform the androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line LNCaP into an androgen-independent variant, which rapidly initiates growth in both intact and castrated male nude mice. Inhibition of PKCϵ expression, using specific siRNA, inhibits cancer cell growth, motility, and invasion. These results indicate that PKCϵ activation constitutes an initial signal in cancer growth and progression. However, the mechanisms by which PKCϵ mediates initial oncogenic activity remain elusive. We found that PKCϵ interacts with Stat3, which is constitutively activated in a wide variety of human cancers. Stat3 regulates several genes linked to embryogenesis, cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosisand tumorigenesis. Stat3 has two conserved amino acid residues, Tyrosine 705 and Serine 727, both phosphorylated during Stat3 activation. PKCϵ interacts with Stat3, phosphorylates Stat3Ser727, and regulates its constitutive activation. PKCϵ-Stat3 interaction was observed in various human cancer cell lines. We also investigated whether PKCϵ directly interacts with Stat3 or via intermediate protein kinases to phosphorylate Stat3Ser727. In an immunocomplex kinase assay, purified bacterially expressed recombinant PKCϵ phosphorylated purified recombinant GST-Stat3 at Ser727. These results indicate that Stat3 can be a direct substrate for PKCϵ. However, we also found that PKCϵ may interact with other protein kinases. In reciprocal immunoprecipitation/blotting experiments using whole cell lysates from prostate cancer, PKCϵ and Stat3 were found to associate with Raf-1, MEK1/2, and ERK1/2. Inhibition of PKCϵ in DU145 cells using PKCϵ specific siRNA inhibited the phosphorylation of Raf-1, MEK1/2, ERK1/2 and Stat3. Thus, it appears that Stat3Ser727 phosphorylation is mediated by a protein kinase complex which involves PKCϵ-Raf-1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2. PKCϵ mediates oncogenesis through interaction and activation of Stat3. These results indicate that PKCϵ is a master switch in the induction and progression of human cancer. PKCϵ is a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker of cancer and a possible molecular target for the prevention and treatment. (Support: DOD-W81XWH and NIH-CA35368).
Diagnosis of Whipple's Disease by Rectal Biopsy
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Early estimates of the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child mortality in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study
Authors: Timothy Roberton, Emily D Carter, Victoria B Chou, Angela R Stegmuller, Bianca D Jackson, Yvonne Tam, Talata Sawadogo-Lewis, Neff Walker
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2020)

While the COVID-19 pandemic will increase mortality due to the virus, it is also likely to increase mortality indirectly. In this study, we estimate the additional maternal and under-5 child deaths resulting from the potential disruption of health systems and decreased access to food.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF PERORAL ENDOSCOPIC MYOTOMY IN ACHALASIA PATIENTS WITH FAILED PREVIOUS INTERVENTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: S Tan, C Zhong, Y Peng, X Tang
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has become an emerging rescue treatment for recurrent or persistent achalasia after previous management. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of POEM in achalasia patients with failed previous intervention.
Diabetes, Glycated Hemoglobin, and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Women and Men: A Prospective Cohort Study of the UK Biobank
Authors: Marit de Jong, Mark Woodward, Sanne A.E. Peters
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

OBJECTIVE Diabetes has shown to be a stronger risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI) in women than men. Whether sex differences exist across the glycemic spectrum is unknown. We investigated sex differences in the associations of diabetes status and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with the risk of MI. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data were used from 471,399 (56% women) individuals without cardiovascular disease (CVD) included in the UK Biobank. Sex-specific incidence rates were calculated by diabetes status and across levels of HbA1c using Poisson regression. Cox proportional hazards analyses estimated sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and women-to-men ratios by diabetes status and HbA1c for MI during a mean follow-up of 9 years. RESULTS Women had lower incidence rates of MI than men, regardless of diabetes status or HbA1c level. Compared with individuals without diabetes, prediabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and previously diagnosed diabetes were associated with an increased risk of MI in both sexes. Previously diagnosed diabetes was more strongly associated with MI in women (HR 2.33 [95% CI 1.96; 2.78]) than men (1.81 [1.63; 2.02]), with a women-to-men ratio of HRs of 1.29 (1.05; 1.58). Each 1% higher HbA1c, independent of diabetes status, was associated with an 18% greater risk of MI in both women and men. CONCLUSIONS Although the incidence of MI was higher in men than women, the presence of diabetes is associated with a greater excess relative risk of MI in women. However, each 1% higher HbA1c was associated with an 18% greater risk of MI in both women and men.
Racial/Ethnic and Sex Differences in Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes
Authors: Patricia D. Franklin, Linda Suleiman, Said A. Ibrahim
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Alyson M. Cavanaugh, DPT, PhD; Mitchell J. Rauh, PT, PhD, MPH; Caroline A. Thompson, PhD; John Alcaraz, PhD; William M. Mihalko, MD, PhD; Chloe E. Bird, PhD; Giselle Corbie-Smith, MD, MSc; Milagros C. Rosal, MS, PhD; Wenjun Li, PhD; Aladdin H. Shadyab, PhD; Todd Gilmer, PhD; Andrea Z. LaCroix, PhD
ASA SCORE AND OBESITY, BUT NOT AGE, INCREASE COMPLICATIONS OF ENDOSCOPIST-BASED PROPOFOL SEDATION FOR EUS
Authors: E Redondo-Cerezo, R Jiménez-Rosales, D Sánchez-Capilla, C Heredia-Carrasco, ML de Hierro, JG Martínez-Cara
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims The aim of our study was to study risk factors, safety and complications of endoscopist-guided propofol sedation for upper EUS in patients with comorbidities, obese or age>65.
MARRIAGES IN CONSANGUINITY
Authors: S M Bemiss
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1859)

Marriages of Consanguinity ?M. de Criqc-Cassaux, with a view to refute the arguments lately brought forward to prove the danger of marriages amongst relations, quoted at the last sitting of the Academy of Sciences the example of the ancient kings of Persia, who, since the time of Cambyses, had been in the habit of marrying their sisters, and even their daughters, and yet produce a very fine race.
ACUTE ESOPHAGEAL PERFORATION: DOES ENDOSCOPIC VACUUM THERAPY ABANDON SURGERY ?
Authors: P Stathopoulos, S Wächter, L Schiffmann, C Bauer, T Gress, D Bartsch, G Seitz, U Denzer
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) has been proven to be an effective tool for closure of postoperative anastomotic leaks. We report a series of acute esophageal perforations treated with EVT successfully.
Dealing with a misdeployed esophageal stent placed for variceal bleeding
Authors: Ricardo Küttner-Magalhães, Eduardo Rodrigues-Pinto, Marta Lemos-Rocha, Emanuel Dias, Cláudia Pinto, José Manuel Ferreira, Isabel Pedroto
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

A 54-year-old man with hepatitis C and alcohol-related Child–Pugh C cirrhosis had refractory ascites. He underwent band ligation of large esophageal varices because of his intolerance of beta blockers. Four bleeding episodes from ligation-induced ulcers occurred and an SX-Ella Danis fully covered self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) was placed during the last of these episodes ([Fig. 1] and [Fig. 2]). On endoscopic evaluation, the distal end of the stent was proximal to the gastroesophageal junction and there was major bleeding occurring in the distal, non-covered esophagus ([Fig. 3 a]) but, after sclerosant injection, the flow of blood diminished. The retrieval stent loop was grasped, which allowed slight constriction and distal movement of the stent, which resulted in adequate coverage of the distal esophagus and control of the bleeding ([Fig. 3 b]; [Video 1]). The stent was later removed after a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) had been placed.
Plant Secondary Compounds in Soil and Their Role in Belowground Species Interactions
Authors: Bodil K. Ehlers, Matty P. Berg, Michael Staudt, Martin Holmstrup, Marianne Glasius, Jacintha Ellers, Sara Tomiolo, René B. Madsen, Stine Slotsbo, Josep Penuelas
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2020)
PROSPECTIVE STUDY EVALUATING SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES FOR BILIARY ACCESS IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFICULT BILIARY CANNULATION AT ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIO-PANCREATOGRAPHY
Authors: A Dalal, A Maydeo, G Patil
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography (ERCP) is technically challenging and complex among all therapeutic endoscopy procedures. difficult biliary cannulation (DBC) increases post procedure complications. hence, getting the cannulation technique right is sine qua non in successful cannulation.
Transfusion-Associated Hepatitis Not Due to Viral Hepatitis Type A or B
Authors: Stephen M. Feinstone, Albert Z. Kapikian, Robert H. Purcell, Harvey J. Alter, Paul V. Holland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Twenty-two patients who had an episode of transfusion-associated hepatitis not positive for hepatitis B antigen were examined for development of antibody to heaptitis A and B antigens, cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus. Antibody response to the 27-nm virus-like hepatitis A antigen was measured by immune electron microscopy. In none of the 22 patients studied did serologic evidence of infection with hepatitis A virus develop during the study period. Nine of the 22 patients had antibody responses to cytomegalovirus, but it was difficult to relate these seroconversions to their hepatitis. In addition, all 22 patients had pre-existing antibody to the Epstein-Barr virus. It seems likely that at least a proportion of such antigen-negative transfusion-associated hepatitis is caused by other infectious agents, not yet identified.
PREVALENCE OF INTRAPROCEDURAL AND DELAYED PERFORATION IN COLORECTAL ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION. RESULTS OF A MULTICENTER SERIES
Authors: D de Frutos, J Santiago, B Agudo, L de la Corte, B Conde, P García, M Hernández, M López, MG Haba, AH de Tejada
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Endoscopic perforation continues to be the most concerning complication associated with Colorectal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (CR-ESD). There are two main types: intraprocedural perforation (IP), diagnosed along or just after CR-ESD; delayed perforation (DP), presenting 8-72 hours after the CR-ESD.
Is There Any Clinical Value of Adding 123I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine Myocardial Scintigraphy to 123I-Ioflupane (DaTscan) in the Differential Diagnosis of Parkinsonism?
Authors: Maria Stathaki, Sophia Koukouraki, Panagiotis Simos, Iro Boura, Emmanouela Papadaki, Olga Bourogianni, Angeliki Tsaroucha, Nikolaos Kapsoritakis, Panayiotis Mitsias, Cleanthe Spanaki
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Purpose The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of myocardial 123 I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) in the diagnosis, clinical management, and differential diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) and non-PD parkinsonism. Methods The study enrolled 41 patients with parkinsonism. An initial diagnosis was reached after thorough clinical and imaging evaluation. After 2 to 5 years of follow-up, a final diagnosis was established. All patients underwent, soon after their initial visit, presynaptic striatal DaT scintigraphy with 123 I-FP-CIT (DaTscan) and 123 I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy. DaTscan is not specific to distinguish among different types of neurodegenerative parkinsonism. 123 I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy displays the functional status of cardiac sympathetic nerves, which is reduced in PD/dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and normal in atypical parkinsonian syndromes and secondary or nondegenerative parkinsonism. Results No patients showed adverse effects during or after both scintigraphies. A positive DaTscan was found in all patients in the PD/DLB group (17/17) and in 15 of 24 patients in the non-PD group. Myocardial 123 I-MIBG scintigraphy was associated with lower sensitivity (82% vs 100%) but higher specificity than DaTscan (79% vs 38%) in diagnosis PD/DLB from non-PD parkinsonism. A positive scan result on both techniques, to confirm diagnosis of PD/DLB, significantly improved the specificity of DaTscan, from 38% to 75%, with no reduction in sensitivity. Conclusions Myocardial 123 I-MIBG imaging provides complementary value to 123 I-FP-CIT in the proper diagnosis, treatment plan, and differential diagnosis between PD and other forms of parkinsonism.
DIAGNOSTIC PERFORMANCE OF ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND THROUGH-THE-NEEDLE MICROFORCEPS BIOPSY (EUS-TTNB) OF PANCREATIC CYSTIC LESIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS
Authors: M Tacelli, C Celsa, B Magro, M Barchiesi, L Barresi, G Capurso, PG Arcidiacono, C Cammà, SF Crinò
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Endoscopic ultrasound through-the-needle biopsy (EUS-TTNB) is a useful tool for differential diagnosis among pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs). Cystic fluid cytology (CFC) is recommended by guidelines, but its diagnostic accuracy is about 50%. The aim of this meta-analysis is to assess the clinical impact of EUS-TTNB in terms of diagnostic capacity and accuracy.
ASSOCIATION OF ASPECTS OF PROCEDURE WITH REPORTING OF FLAT AND PROTRUDED LESIONS: OBSERVATIONS FROM THE EUROPEAN COLONOSCOPY QUALITY INVESTIGATION QUESTIONNAIRE
Authors: A Ono, S Percere, P Amaro, A Agrawal, L Brink, W Fischbach, L Fuccio, M Hünger, U Kinnunen, A Koulaouzidis, L Petruzziello, JF Riemann, E Toth, B Amlani, C Spada
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims To assess how aspects of a procedure associate with reporting of flat and protruded lesions, according to Paris classification.
ENDOSCOPIC SUCTION CHAMBER TO TREAT COMPLEX DUODENAL LEAKS AFTER UPPER GASTRO-INTESTINAL SURGERY: A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: M Mutignani, L Venezia, E Forti, F Pugliese, M Cintolo, A Italia, G Bonato, A Giannetti, L Dioscoridi
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Leaks from duodenal stump after upper-gastrointestinal surgery are difficult to manage and usually require re-do surgery.
Targeted therapy against VEGF and EGF receptor signaling with ZD6474 blocks angiogenesis and inhibits the growth and dissemination of orthotopic human lung cancer in mice.
Authors: W J Wu, T Isobe, A Oon, T Shintani, S Itasaka, K Shibuya, R R Langley, J C Hansen, I J Fidler, A J Ryan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2003)
Modulation of Ion Channels and Receptors by p11 (S100A10)
Authors: Ji-Seon Seo, Per Svenningsson
Journal: Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (2020)

p11 (S100A10, annexin II light chain, calpactin I light chain) is a multifunctional protein that forms a heterotetrameric complex with Annexin A2, particularly at cell membranes. p11, alone or together with Annexin A2, interacts with several ion channels and receptors and regulates their cellular localization and function. Altered levels of p11 are implicated in the pathophysiology of several forms of cancer, psychiatric disorders, and neurodegeneration. Via interactions with ion channels and receptors, p11 modulates therapeutic actions of drugs targeting brain disorders. By serving as a plasminogen receptor, p11 plays an important role in plasmin generation, fibrinolysis, angiogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Here, we review mechanisms whereby p11 regulates functions of ion channels and receptors in health and disease states.
Mitoxantrone as photothermal agents for ultrasound/fluorescence imaging-guided chemo-phototherapy enhanced by intratumoral H2O2-Induced CO
Authors: Ya Wang, Jiayao Zhang, Xinyi Lv, Lei Wang, Zhihao Zhong, Da-Peng Yang, Weili Si, Ting Zhang, Xiaochen Dong
Journal: Biomaterials (2020)
Overall Survival of CDK4/6-Inhibitor–Based Treatments in Clinically Relevant Subgroups of Metastatic Breast Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Francesco Schettini, Fabiola Giudici, Mario Giuliano, Massimo Cristofanilli, Grazia Arpino, Lucia Del Mastro, Fabio Puglisi, Sabino De Placido, Ida Paris, Pietro De Placido, Sergio Venturini, Michelino De Laurentis, PierFranco Conte, Dejan Juric, Antonio Llombart-Cussac, Lajos Pusztai, Aleix Prat, Guy Jerusalem, Angelo Di Leo, Daniele Generali
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2020)

Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors + endocrine therapy (ET) prolonged progression-free survival as first- or second-line therapy for hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer prognosis. Given the recent publication of overall survival (OS) data for the 3 CDK4/6-inhibitors, we performed a meta-analysis to identify a more precise and reliable benefit from such treatments in specific clinical subgroups.We conducted a systematic literature search to select all available phase II or III randomized clinical trials of CDK4/6-inhibitors + ET reporting OS data in first- or second-line therapy of HR+/HER2-negative pre- or postmenopausal metastatic breast cancer. A random effect model was applied for the analyses. Heterogeneity was assessed with I2statistic. Subgroup analysis was performed to explore the effect of study-level factors. The project was registered in the Open Science Framework database (doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/TNZQP).Six studies were included in our analyses (3421 patients). A clear OS benefit was observed in patients without (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.54 to 0.85, I2 = 0.0%) and with visceral involvement (HR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.65 to 0.89, I2 = 0.0%), with at least 3 metastatic sites (HR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.60 to 0.94, I2 = 11.6%), in an endocrine-resistant (HR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.67 to 0.93, I2 = 0.0%) and sensitive subset (HR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.61 to 0.88, I2 = 0.0%), for younger than 65 years (HR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.67 to 0.95, I2 = 0.0%) and 65 years or older (HR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.53 to 0.95, I2 = 44.4%), in postmenopausal (HR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.67 to 0.86, I2 = 0.0%) and pre- or perimenopausal setting (HR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.60 to 0.96, I2 = 0.0%) as well as in chemotherapy-naïve patients (HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.55 to 0.93, I2 = 0.0%).CDK4/6-inhibitors + ET combinations compared with ET alone improve OS independent of age, menopausal status, endocrine sensitiveness, and visceral involvement and should be preferred as upfront therapy instead of endocrine monotherapy.
High-dose influenza vaccination and mortality among predominantly male, white, senior veterans, United States, 2012/13 to 2014/15
Authors: Yinong Young-Xu, Julia Thornton Snider, Salaheddin M Mahmud, Ellyn M Russo, Robertus Van Aalst, Edward W Thommes, Jason KH Lee, Ayman Chit
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

Introduction It is unclear whether high-dose influenza vaccine (HD) is more effective at reducing mortality among seniors. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of HD. Methods We linked electronic medical record databases in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and Medicare administrative files to examine the rVE of HD vs standard-dose influenza vaccines (SD) in preventing influenza/pneumonia-associated and cardiorespiratory mortality among VHA-enrolled veterans 65 years or older during the 2012/13, 2013/14 and 2014/15 influenza seasons. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was performed on matched recipients of HD vs SD, based on vaccination time, location, age, sex, ethnicity and VHA priority level. Results Among 569,552 person-seasons of observation, 207,574 (36%) were HD recipients and 361,978 (64%) were SD recipients, predominantly male (99%) and white (82%). Pooling findings from all three seasons, the adjusted rVE estimate of HD vs SD during the high influenza periods was 42% (95% confidence interval (CI): 24–59) against influenza/pneumonia-associated mortality and 27% (95% CI: 23–32) against cardiorespiratory mortality. Residual confounding was evident in both early and late influenza periods despite matching and multivariable adjustment. Excluding individuals with high 1-year predicted mortality at baseline reduced the residual confounding and yielded rVE of 36% (95% CI: 10–62) and 25% (95% CI: 12–38) against influenza/pneumonia-associated and cardiorespiratory mortality, respectively. These were confirmed by results from two-stage residual inclusion estimations. Discussion The HD was associated with a lower risk of influenza/pneumonia-associated and cardiorespiratory death in men during the high influenza period.
POST-COLONOSCOPY COLORECTAL CANCER IN LYNCH SYNDROME IS ASSOCIATED WITH QUALITY ISSUES DURING SURVEILLANCE
Authors: A Sanchez Garcia, M Navarro, VH Roos, M Pineda, B Caballol, L Moreno, T Ocaña, F Rodriguez-Moranta, L Rodriguez-Alonso, TRy Cajal, G Llort, MD Pico, R Jover, Adria Lopez Fernandez, E Martinez de Castro, MJ Lopez-Arias, C Alvarez, X Bessa, L Rivas, J Cubiella, D Rodriguez-Alcalde, A Dacal, M Herraiz, C Garau, L Bujanda, L Cid, C Poves, M Garzon, A Pizarro, I Salces, M Ponce, M Carrillo-Palau, E Aguirre, E Saperas, A Suarez, V Piñol, S Carballal, L Rivero-Sanchez, J Balmaña, J Brunet, A Castells, E Dekker, M Pellise, G Capella, M Serra-Buriel, L Moreira, F Balaguer
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims To assess the effect of quality endoscopic factors on the development of PCCRC during surveillance in LS mutation carriers.
Assessing Pharmaceutical Research and Development Costs—Reply
Authors: Vinay Prasad, Sham Mailankody
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2018)

In Reply We thank DeMasi, as well as van de Gronde and Pieters, for their interest in our article1 estimating the research and development (R&D) spending to bring a single cancer drug to the US market and its revenue postapproval.