tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of long-term survivors in stage III gastric cancer patients.
Authors: Youjin Jang, Youngjae Mok
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

163 Background: Stage III gastric cancer patients had poor prognosis. This study aims to evaluate prognostic factor of stage III gastric cancer. Methods: We retrospectively studied 126 patients who were treated for stage III gastric cancer from Jan. 2007 to Dec. 2010 at Korea University Hospital and performed complete follow up for five years. Long-term survivor was defined more than five years survivor after gastrectomy. Results: Long-term survivor was 70 patients (55.6%). Tumor size, lymph node involvement, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion and neural invasion had prognostic significance on univariate analysis. But location of tumor, gross type, depth of invasion, TNM stage, combine resection, complication, histologic differentiation, type of operation and adjuvant treatment had no prognostic significance. The most common recurrence pattern was peritoneal recurrence (57.4%) according to analysis of recurrence pattern. The disease free survival according recurrence pattern was peritoneal recurrence (21.3 months), hematogenous recurrence (32.1 months), distant lymph node recurrence (12.0 months) and locoregional (12 months). The disease specific survival according recurrence pattern was peritoneal recurrence (9.2 months), hematogenous recurrence (11.3 months), distant lymph node recurrence (16.2 months) and locoregional (26.9 months). Conclusions: Lymph node involvement were the most significant prognostic factors on stage III gastric cancer after curative resection. Therefore, postoperative surveillance and adjuvant therapy were very carefully selected in stage III gastric cancer patient with extensive lymph node metastasis.
Abstract 17388: A Predictive Index of Common Clinical Features is Specific but Not Sensitive for Detecting Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis by 99mTc-pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP) Scintigraphy in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: David L Narotsky, Adam Castano, Rachelle Morgenstern, Jonah Rubin, Ross Ehmke, Sabahat Bokhari, Mathew S Maurer
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: Mounting data demonstrate that transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) is a prevalent, underdiagnosed, and important contributor to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in...
Foregoing Spoon Feeding in End-Stage Dementia
Authors: Anita Tarzian
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2019)

This article is referred to by:Justifying a Surrogate’s Request to Forego Oral FeedingLessons From New York’s Dementia Directive and Applications to Withholding Oral FeedingsWhether, When, and How to Honor Advance VSED Requests for End-Stage Dementia Patients
Postpartum Depression: Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Emerging Therapeutics
Authors: Donna E. Stewart, Simone N. Vigod
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2019)

Postpartum depression (PPD) is common, disabling, and treatable. The strongest risk factor is a history of mood or anxiety disorder, especially having active symptoms during pregnancy. As PPD is one of the most common complications of childbirth, it is vital to identify best treatments for optimal maternal, infant, and family outcomes. New understanding of PPD pathophysiology and emerging therapeutics offer the potential for new ways to add to current medications, somatic treatments, and evidence-based psychotherapy. The benefits and potential harms of treatment, including during breastfeeding, are presented.
YY1 Complex Promotes Quaking Expression via Super-Enhancer Binding during EMT of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Jingxia Han, Jing Meng, Shuang Chen, Xiaorui Wang, Shan Yin, Qiang Zhang, Huijuan Liu, Rong Qin, Zhongwei Li, Weilong Zhong, Chao Zhang, Heng Zhang, Yuanhao Tang, Tingting Lin, Wanfeng Gao, Xiaoyun Zhang, Lan Yang, Yanrong Liu, Hong-gang Zhou, Tao Sun, Cheng Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Quaking (QKI) is an alternative splicing factor that can regulate circRNA formation in the progression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, but the mechanism remains unclear. High expression of QKI is correlated with short survival time, metastasis, and high clinical stage and pathology grade in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we report that transcription of the QKI gene was activated by the Yin-Yang 1 (YY1)/p65/p300 complex, in which YY1 bound to the super-enhancer and promoter of QKI, p65 combined with the promoter, and p300 served as a mediator to maintain the stability of the complex. This YY1/p65/p300 complex increased QKI expression to promote the malignancy of HCC as well as an increased circRNA formation in vitro and in vivo. Hyperoside is one of several plant-derived flavonol glycoside compounds. Through virtual screening and antitumor activity analysis, we found that hyperoside inhibited QKI expression by targeting the YY1/p65/p300 complex. Overall, our study suggests that the regulatory mechanism of QKI depends on the YY1/p65/p300 complex and that it may serve as a potential target for treatment of HCC. Significance: These findings identify the YY1/p65/p300 complex as a regulator of QKI expression, identifying several potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of HCC.
Abstract 17227: Late Hepatic Complications Following Fontan Conversion Surgery
Authors: Barbara J Deal, Joyce Johnson, Gregory Webster, Sabrina Tsao, Bradley S Marino, John M Costello, Andrew De Freitas, Daniel R Ganger
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Fontan conversion surgery has extended survival for patients with univentricular heart, yet raised concerns regarding durability of hepatic function. Methods: We reviewed liver outcomes among transplant-free survivors of Fontan conversion with arrhythmia surgery at our institution. Hepatic screening included a combination of annual liver function testing with clinically indicated imaging and/or biopsy. Results: Between 1994 - 2014, 145 patients underwent Fontan conversion surgery at a median age of 23 (3-47) years, following initial Fontan surgery at median age of 6 (1 -35) years. Initial Fontan surgery types were atriopulmonary (79%), atrioventricular (13%), and lateral tunnel (8%). Early mortality was 2% following Fontan conversion surgery, with 10-year transplant free-survival of 84%. During median follow-up of 9 (1-20) years among 130 transplant-free survivors, significant liver disease developed in 6 patients (4.6%): hepatocellular carcinoma in 5 patients (primary 4, metastatic from appendix 1), and fulminant liver failure in one patient. Median age at diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma/liver failure was 35 (28-47) years, a median of 27 (22-33) years following initial Fontan surgery. Carcinoma was detected on annual hepatic screening with ultrasound in 3, and by elevated alpha-fetoprotein level prompting imaging in 2 patients. None of the patients had clinical variceal bleeding. Preoperative status included heterotaxy syndrome in 2, NYHA Classification III-IV in 5, and long standing ascites in 2 patients. Death occurred in 3/6 patients at a mean of 1.4 years following diagnosis of hepatic disease. Conclusion: Late hepatocellular carcinoma/liver failure was found in 4.6% of non-transplanted Fontan conversion patients, indicating the need for serial monitoring of liver status. Early detection of carcinoma with routine screening using American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guidelines may allow for improved treatment strategies and prolonged survival.
Abstract B11: The MuSiC2 system for discovery and visualization of coding and noncoding cancer drivers
Authors: Matthew A. Wyczalkowski, Matthew H. Bailey, Carolyn Lou, Felix Hu, Justin Y. Chen, Prag Batra, Michael D. McLellan, Li Ding, Michael C. Wendl
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract The MuSiC system has been widely used over the last 5 years by the scientific community for analyzing genomic data across the cancer spectrum. However, the desired scope of analysis has now increased dramatically, due to advances in instrumentation and experimental methods, vastly expanding sample availability, and the general appreciation of many newfound subtleties of the cancer initiation and progression processes themselves. We have extended MuSiC in several ways to address both new requirements and several long-standing issues that have not been manageable with any current analysis system. Here, we focus on three aspects. First, to answer the growing need for noncoding analysis, MuSiC2 extends the common idea of a “significantly mutated gene” model to one of “significantly mutated regions,” including the attendant tasks of interfacing to ENCODE, calculating region-appropriate background mutation rates (BMRs) for hypothesis testing, etc. Second, to address the statistical artifacts realized with most analysis software, we have designed two new filters: one for longer-than-average genes and another for cancer types having elevated BMRs, both scenarios of which typically show appreciably inflated false-positive rates because of upwardly biased passenger mutation counts. Finally, we describe a number of new visualization capabilities designed to give the investigator new interpretive capabilities, including for complex genomic rearrangements that may stem from viral integration. Taken together with improved programmatic efficiencies, the new MuSiC2 system should be useful for discovering and visualizing coding and noncoding cancer drivers in pediatric and adult cancers. Citation Format: Matthew A. Wyczalkowski, Matthew H. Bailey, Carolyn Lou, Felix Hu, Justin Y. Chen, Prag Batra, Michael D. McLellan, Li Ding, Michael C. Wendl. The MuSiC2 system for discovery and visualization of coding and noncoding cancer drivers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Pediatric Cancer Research: From Basic Science to the Clinic; 2017 Dec 3-6; Atlanta, Georgia. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B11.
Autophagy modulation in MEK inhibitor‐resistant melanoma
Authors: S. Verykiou, M. Alexander, N. Edwards, R. Plummer, B. Chaudhry, P.E. Lovat, D.S. Hill
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

Malignant melanoma tumour cells often carry mutations in the BRAF protein, which activates a second protein called MEK to fuel tumour growth. Using drugs that block the mutant form of BRAF and MEK, we can specifically target and kill most of these tumour cells, but a subset of tumour cells often become resistant to BRAF and MEK inhibiting drugs, and cause the tumour to regrow. The aim of this study was to determine how changes in a protein called CD271, which has previously been shown to increase tumour growth and aggressiveness, contributes to the resistance of BRAF mutant melanoma cells to the MEK inhibiting drug, trametinib. Furthermore, we have previously shown that a cell survival process within tumour cells called autophagy is increased in BRAF mutant melanoma cells, so we also aimed to determine the contribution of autophagy to the resistance of BRAF mutant melanoma cells to trametinib. We show that CD271 and autophagy are increased in advanced malignant melanoma tumours compared to normal moles, and that treatment of melanoma cells in the laboratory with trametinib results in the emergence of a subset of melanoma cells with increased CD271 and autophagy. However, specific inhibition of CD271 reduced the number of resistant melanoma cells following trametinib treatment, while either blocking or activating autophagy resulted in death of trametinib‐resistant melanoma cells. We also show that combined treatment with drugs that specifically block both MEK and autophagy reduced the invasion of trametinib‐resistant melanoma cells in embryonic zebrafish up to 5 days old. Our results show that embryonic zebrafish at an early stage of development may replace mice as a more ethical alternative animal model for the study of cancer metastasis (spreading) and drug response, and highlight an important new way to prevent drug‐resistance by blocking autophagy in patients with BRAF mutant melanoma cells.
<i>Vital Signs:</i> Tobacco Product Use Among Middle and High School Students — United States, 2011–2018
Authors: Andrea S. Gentzke, MeLisa Creamer, Karen A. Cullen, Bridget K. Ambrose, Gordon Willis, Ahmed Jamal, Brian A. King
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2019)

Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States; nearly all tobacco product use begins during youth and young adulthood.CDC, the Food and Drug Administration, and the National Cancer Institute analyzed data from the 2011-2018 National Youth Tobacco Surveys to estimate tobacco product use among U.S. middle and high school students. Prevalence estimates of current (past 30-day) use of seven tobacco products were assessed; differences over time were analyzed using multivariable regression (2011-2018) or t-test (2017-2018).In 2018, current use of any tobacco product was reported by 27.1% of high school students (4.04 million) and 7.2% of middle school students (840,000); electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) were the most commonly used product among high school (20.8%; 3.05 million) and middle school (4.9%; 570,000) students. Use of any tobacco product overall did not change significantly during 2011-2018 among either school level. During 2017-2018, current use of any tobacco product increased 38.3% (from 19.6% to 27.1%) among high school students and 28.6% (from 5.6% to 7.2%) among middle school students; e-cigarette use increased 77.8% (from 11.7% to 20.8%) among high school students and 48.5% (from 3.3% to 4.9%) among middle school students.A considerable increase in e-cigarette use among U.S. youths, coupled with no change in use of other tobacco products during 2017-2018, has erased recent progress in reducing overall tobacco product use among youths. The sustained implementation of comprehensive tobacco control strategies, in coordination with Food and Drug Administration regulation of tobacco products, can prevent and reduce the use of all forms of tobacco products among U.S. youths.
Exhaled air dispersion during high-flow nasal cannula therapy <i>versus</i> CPAP <i>via</i> different masks
Authors: David S. Hui, Benny K. Chow, Thomas Lo, Owen T.Y. Tsang, Fanny W. Ko, Susanna S. Ng, Tony Gin, Matthew T.V. Chan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2019)

Background High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is an emerging therapy for respiratory failure but the extent of exhaled air dispersion during treatment is unknown. We examined exhaled air dispersion during HFNC therapy versus continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on a human patient simulator (HPS) in an isolation room with 16 air changes·h −1 . Methods The HPS was programmed to represent different severity of lung injury. CPAP was delivered at 5–20 cmH 2 O via nasal pillows (Respironics Nuance Pro Gel or ResMed Swift FX) or an oronasal mask (ResMed Quattro Air). HFNC, humidified to 37°C, was delivered at 10–60 L·min −1 to the HPS. Exhaled airflow was marked with intrapulmonary smoke for visualisation and revealed by laser light-sheet. Normalised exhaled air concentration was estimated from the light scattered by the smoke particles. Significant exposure was defined when there was ≥20% normalised smoke concentration. Results In the normal lung condition, mean± sd exhaled air dispersion, along the sagittal plane, increased from 186±34 to 264±27 mm and from 207±11 to 332±34 mm when CPAP was increased from 5 to 20 cmH 2 O via Respironics and ResMed nasal pillows, respectively. Leakage from the oronasal mask was negligible. Mean± sd exhaled air distances increased from 65±15 to 172±33 mm when HFNC was increased from 10 to 60 L·min −1 . Air leakage to 620 mm occurred laterally when HFNC and the interface tube became loose. Conclusion Exhaled air dispersion during HFNC and CPAP via different interfaces is limited provided there is good mask interface fitting.
Efficacy and safety of statin therapy in older people: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from 28 randomised controlled trials
Authors: Jane Armitage, Colin Baigent, Elizabeth Barnes, D John Betteridge, Lisa Blackwell, Michael Blazing, Louise Bowman, Eugene Braunwald, Robert Byington, Christopher Cannon, Michael Clearfield, Helen Colhoun, Rory Collins, Björn Dahlöf, Kelly Davies, Barry Davis, James de Lemos, John R Downs, Paul Durrington, Jonathan Emberson, Bengt Fellström, Marcus Flather, Ian Ford, Maria Grazia Franzosi, Jordan Fulcher, John Fuller, Curt Furberg, David Gordon, Shinya Goto, Antonio Gotto, Heather Halls, Charlie Harper, C Morton Hawkins, Will Herrington, Graham Hitman, Hallvard Holdaas, Lisa Holland, Alan Jardine, J Wouter Jukema, John Kastelein, Sharon Kean, Anthony Keech, Adrienne Kirby, John Kjekshus, Genell Knatterud (deceased), Robert Knopp (deceased), Wolfgang Koenig, Michael Koren, Vera Krane, Martin J Landray, John LaRosa, Eva Lonn, Peter MacFarlane, Stephen MacMahon, Aldo Maggioni, Roberto Marchioli, Ian Marschner, Borislava Mihaylova, Lemuel Moyé, Sabina Murphy, Haruo Nakamura, Andrew Neil, Connie Newman, Rachel O'Connell, Chris Packard, Sarah Parish, Terje Pedersen, Richard Peto, Marc Pfeffer, Neil Poulter, David Preiss, Christina Reith, Paul Ridker, Michele Robertson, Frank Sacks, Naveed Sattar, Roland Schmieder, Patrick Serruys, Peter Sever, John Shaw, Charles Shear, John Simes, Peter Sleight, Enti Spata, Luigi Tavazzi, Jonathan Tobert, Gianni Tognoni, Andrew Tonkin, Stella Trompet, John Varigos, Christoph Wanner, Hans Wedel, Harvey White, John Wikstrand, Lars Wilhelmsen, Kate Wilson, Robin Young, Salim Yusuf, Faiez Zannad
Journal: The Lancet (2019)

Statin therapy has been shown to reduce major vascular events and vascular mortality in a wide range of individuals, but there is uncertainty about its efficacy and safety among older people. We undertook a meta-analysis of data from all large statin trials to compare the effects of statin therapy at different ages.
Characteristics and epidemiology of gastric cancer in Korea: Disparity in sex and age according to histologic classification.
Authors: Dongwoo Kim, Sang Woo Lee, Su Hyun Hwang, Seung Young Kim, Jong Jin Hyun, Sung Woo Jung, Ja Seol Koo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

21 Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The overall incidence of gastric cancer is higher in males, but signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC) is more common in younger females. However, the sex disparity according to the histological classification of GC in Korea has not studied much. The aim of this study is to analyze the difference of clinical manifestation between sex groups and to assess sex disparity to gastric cancer. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 1488 patients (459 females (30.8%) and 2017 males (69.0%)) who diagnosed with gastric cancer at Korea University Ansan Hospital from 2009 to 2017. The patients were divided into three groups according to Lauren’s classification: Intestinal type GC (IGC), diffuse type GC (DGC), mixed type. The difference of clinicopathologic characteristics between these groups and sex groups were compared. Results: The age-group-specific annual incidence rates for intestinal and diffuse type GC were analyzed. The incidence of IGC increased from 40s in males. In females, the incidence of DGC was higher in young age and the proportion of IGC was increased rapidly after age 60 in females. Most of IGC appeared after age 60. (19.3% in below 60 vs. 80.7% in above 60 in females, 35.1% vs. 64.9% in males, p &lt; 0.001) IGC seemed to appear 10-20 years earlier in male than female. Female patients were associated with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, SRC and DGC. Diffuse and mixed type GC was more frequent with younger, female patients and associated with advanced GC and TNM stage. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the patients with IGC had a higher cumulative survival rate than those with DGC (5-year survival rate 88.2% vs. 80.5%, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Female patients with IGC were older than male patient and appeared about 10-20 years later. But this difference did not observed in DGC. Therefore, unlike DGC, sex hormones such as estrogen may act in development of IGC. This is supported by an increase of IGC in females after menopause. Further studies on role of estrogen in the development of gastric cancer are needed.
Abstract P044: Plasma Phospholipid Very Long Chain Saturated Fatty Acids and Healthy Aging in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Rozenn N Lemaitre, Mary L Biggs, Barbara McKnight, Heidi T Lai, Xiaoling Song, Irena B King, Bruce M Psaty, David S Siscovick, Dariush Mozaffarian
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Circulating very long-chain saturated fatty acids (VLSFA) are biomarkers of diet and metabolism which impart different biological activities to sphingolipids and may influence physiological pathways relevant to aging. Higher levels of circulating VLSFAs have been associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular outcomes, and diabetes. Apart from these associations, it is unknown whether these biomarkers are related to the maintenance of healthy aging. Hypothesis: Higher levels of circulating VLSFA are associated with lower risk of unhealthy aging. Methods: Phospholipid fatty acids were measured in serial plasma samples collected among participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) in 1992-93, 1998-99, and 2005-06. Incident unhealthy aging was defined as the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, lung disease, severe chronic kidney disease, ≥1 difficulties with activities of daily living (ADL), or reduced cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination&lt;80). We assessed the associations of arachidic acid (20:0), behenic acid (22:0) and lignoceric acid (24:0), with risk of incident unhealthy aging using Cox regression with time-updated fatty acid levels and covariates. Results: Among 2,183 CHS participants with one or more fatty acid measure and healthy aging up to the time of their first VLSFA measurement, mean age at baseline was 75 years, 62% were female, and 12% were black. During median follow-up of 8 years, all but 198 participants failed to age successfully. The most common conditions marking the first occurrence of unhealthy aging were ADL difficulties and CVD (27% each). In analyses adjusted for major risk factors, higher levels of 22:0 and 24:0 were associated with lower risk of unhealthy aging (Table). Conclusions: Higher levels of two circulating VLSFA, 22:0 and 24:0, are associated with lower risk of unhealthy aging. These findings open a new avenue of research into these saturated fatty acids and their possible beneficial role in promoting better aging.
Utilization of Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives in the United States After vs Before the 2016 US Presidential Election
Authors: Lydia E. Pace, Stacie B. Dusetzina, Mara E. Murray Horwitz, Nancy L. Keating
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2019)

At the tract level, higher smoking prevalence was associated with higher prevalence of asthma, COPD, and CHD (Figure ,B).For instance, a change from the 10th to the 90th percentile of smoking prevalence (from 10.7% to 27.6%) was associated with a 38.9% (95% CI, 38.1%-39.5%)increase in the prevalence of asthma, a 120.2% (95% CI, 116.6%-124.0%)increase in the prevalence of COPD, and a 26.6% (95% CI, 24.5%-29.0%)increase in the prevalence of CHD.Discussion | Smoking prevalence was unevenly distributed both within and between America's largest cities, and was associated with inequities in income, race, exposure to tobacco retailers, and smoking-related diseases.Strengthening existing tobacco control interventions, such as raising excise taxes and implementing cessation programs targeted to resource-poor communities, may aid in counteracting these inequities in smoking. 5 In addition, novel policies that restrict the retail environment (eg, by limiting the quantity, location, and type of tobacco retailers) show promise for reducing the unequal distribution of tobacco retailers and warrant further investigation.