tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PSA surge in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer receiving docetaxel.
Authors: Ken-ichi Tabata, Takefumi Satoh, Kazumasa Matsumoto, Tetsuo Fujita, Masatsugu Iwamura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e16079 Background: Docetaxelhas shown great promise for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and has become the standard treatment for the disease. Although there are several reports of an initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) surge, the impact of this phenomenon is still controversial because of differing definitions of PSA surge and methods of patient selection. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of PSA surge in Japanese patients with CRPC treated with docetaxel. Methods: The charts of 65 patients who received docetaxel plus prednisolone from 2008 to 2013 at our institution were reviewed retrospectively. PSA surge was defined as a PSA level that initially rose after treatment with docetaxel and subsequently declined below the baseline level. Results: The 65 patients were stratified into four groups: (A) response (PSA decline ≥50%) in 33 (50.8%) patients; (B) partial response (PSA decline <50%) in 10 (15.4%); (C) progression in 9 (13.8%); and (D) PSA surge in 13 (20%). Group D showed a maximum PSA elevation between 7.3% and 85.8% from baseline. The duration of the PSA surge ranged from 6 to 12 weeks. There was a subsequent PSA response in 9 of the 13 patients, and PSA stabilized in the remaining 4. Group D received a median of 10 (4–34) treatment cycles versus a median of 10 (2–37) in groups A and B. The median overall survival of patients in group D was 43.0 months and did not differ from groups A and B (22.6 months, log-rank p=0.1052). Conclusions: PSA surge did not impact overall survival. Maximum duration of PSA surge was 12 weeks which was longer than previous report. Therefore docetaxel should be continued a minimum of 12 weeks before further decisions are made about efficacy.
Comorbidity among patients with colorectal cancer.
Authors: Alexander Vasilievich Shaposhnikov, Ludmila A. Riadinskaya
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e14651 Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading localizations of malignant tumors in USA and Russia. The purpose of the study was to evaluate prevalence of non-malignant common and local diseases in patients with CRC and to assess the impact of comorbidity on risk of developing of the cancer. Methods: Data about common and local comorbid diseases in 124 patients with CRC in comparison with 60 patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) were studied retrospectively. Charlson scores and Odd-Ratio (OR) were calculated also. Mean age was 62 ± 10,0, index men/women - 0,7 in both groups. Results: See Table. Conclusions: The study indicates high level of some non-malignant diseases in patients with CRC. Some of them play significant role in colorectal cancerogenesis (adenomatous polyps, metabolic syndrome and diabetes) or may be indicators for this cancer localization (anemia). Prevalence of gallstones in CRC-group remains unclear. Diseases CRC n % CRC n % OR Predictor diseases: Adenomatous polyps 23 (18,6%) 4 (6,1%) 3,1 Metabolic syndrome 27 (21,8%) 4 (6,1%) 3,6 Diabetes – type 2 27 (21,8%) 5 (7,5%) 2,9 Hyperalimentation + obesity 63 (50,8%) 16 (24,2%) 2,1 “Neutral” diseases: Cardiovascular system 123 (99,2%) 30 (45,5%) 2,2 Stomach and duodenum 153 (123,4%) 100 (151,5%) 0,8 Respiratory system 4 (3,3%) 1 (1,5%) 1,2 Liver 31 (25,0%) 12 (18,2%) 1,3 Kidney 29 (23,4%) 10 (15,2%) 1,6 Pancreas 16 (12,9%) 10 (15,2%) 0.9 Gallstones 34 (27,1%) 4 (6,0%) 4,6 Complications: Anemic syndrome 46 (37,1%) 3 (4,5%) 8,3 Hypotrophy 4 (3,3%) 1 (1,5%) 1,4
The effect of dose escalation for large squamous cell carcinomas of the anal canal: A National Cancer Database study.
Authors: Rahul Neal Prasad, Joshua Elson, Jordan Kharofa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

791 Background: Chemoradiation allows for organ preservation in patients with anal cancer, but patients with large tumors (T3/T4) continue to have high rates of locoregional recurrence. With conformal radiation techniques, there is interest in dose escalation to improve local control for large tumors. Methods: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was used to identify patients with anal cancer from 2004-2013 with tumors &gt; 5 cm in size. Adult patients with T3 or T4 squamous cell carcinoma who received definitive chemoradiation were included. Patients with prior resection were excluded. Higher dose was defined as &gt; than or equal to 5940 Gy. Statistical analyses were performed using logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox proportional hazards for overall survival (OS). Results: In total, 1349 patients were analyzed with 412 (30.5%) receiving higher dose radiation therapy (RT). Dose in the higher group ranged from 5940 – 7000 Gy. 5-year OS was 58% and 60% for higher and lower dose RT, respectively. On univariate analysis, higher dose RT (HR 0.998, CI 0.805 - 1.239, p = 0.9887) was not associated with a change in OS but older age (HR 1.484, CI 1.193 - 1.844, p = 0.0004), male sex (HR 1.660, CI 1.355 - 2.033, p &lt; 0.0001), comorbidities (HR 1.496, CI 1.183 - 1.893, p = 0.0008), and long RT (HR 1.248, CI 1.016 - 1.533, p = 0.0347) were significantly associated with decreased OS. The results of multivariate analysis are shown in the Table. Conclusions: There was no observed difference in OS for dose escalation of anal cancers &gt; 5 cm in this population-based analysis, but differences in local control cannot be assessed through the NCDB. Males, elderly, and comorbid patients were particularly high-risk populations with poor chemoradiation survival outcomes. Reducing treatment breaks is important for improving outcomes. Whether dose escalation of large tumors may improve local control and colostomy-free survival remains an important question and is the subject of ongoing trials. [Table: see text]
Abstract 11420: Frequency-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Serial Assessment of Vascular Response After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation in Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery
Authors: Yusuke Fujino, Guilherme F. Attizzani, Hiram G. Bezerra, Wei Wang, Tomoaki Kanaya, Satoko Tahara, Hirosada Yamamoto, Daniel Chamié, Sunao Nakamura, Marco A. Costa
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using drug-eluting stent (DES) in unprotected left main coronary artery (ULM) has been increasingly incorporated in clinical practice. Recentl...
Rectal cancer in the elderly: A review of treatment variances between younger and older patients.
Authors: Lynda Corrigan, Connor Gerard O'Leary, Jeska Kroes, Paula Calvert, Miriam O'Connor, Petra Martin, Fiachra Cooke, Anne M. Horgan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

839 Background: Rectal cancer (RC) treatment involves multiple modalities with tolerability a concern for some older patients (pts). However, fit older pts have outcomes similar to those of younger pts. We examined the treatment of RC in older pts compared to younger counterparts. Methods: Pts diagnosed with early stage and locally advanced RC from January 2014 to January 2016 were identified from a prospectively maintained electronic database. Characteristics were ascertained through retrospective analysis of pt records. Associations between categorical variables was tested using chi- square. Results: 116 pts diagnosed with RC were identified. Median age was 67 (range 36- 95). 47 (41%) were ≥ 70 years old. Stage distribution is summarised in the Table. Eight pts with stage I disease had rectal polyp cancers, fully resected at endoscopy. 108 were discussed at multidisciplinary meeting (MDM). Treatment (tx) recommendations based on clinical stage and ultimate tx received are outlined in the Table. Clinical Stage and MDM Outcomes Older pts were less likely to receive recommended NACRT than those &lt; 70 (52% and 85% respectively). All pts ≥ 70 who received NACRT completed a full course successfully. Older pts were less likely to proceed to curative resection than younger pts (76% and 94% respectively). Average length of hospital stay was longer in pts ≥ 70: 22.9 vs. 16.6 days in pts &lt; 70. Hospital readmission within 30 days in ≥ 70 vs. &lt; 70 was 9% and 3% respectively. There was no statistical difference in the likelihood of receiving AC based on age. 25% of older pts required dose reductions of AC; 38% did not complete the planned number of cycles. Conclusions: While most older pts tolerated NACRT without significant toxicity, post- operative recovery and tolerability of AC varies widely. Comprehensive geriatric assessment may be useful in guiding tx decisions, and ensuring best outcomes, in this heterogeneous group.[Table: see text]
Residual Allelic Burden Measured By Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) at Remission Provides Limited Prognostic Value to Predict Relapse and Long-Term Outcome in Core Binding Factor Acute Myeloid Leukemia (CBF-AML)
Authors: Taehyung Kim, Joon Ho Moon, Jae-Sook Ahn, Marc S. Tyndel, Seung-Shin Lee, Seo-Yeon Ahn, Sung-Hoon Jung, Deok-Hwan Yang, Je-Jung Lee, Seunghyun Choi, Ja-yeon Lee, Yoojin Lee, Sang Kyun Sohn, Hyeoung-Joon Kim, Zhaolei Zhang, Dennis Dong Hwan Kim
Journal: Blood (2018)
Older patients and risk of developing and dying from bleomycin-induced lung toxicity.
Authors: Preethi Reddy Marri, Kay Ristow, Thomas Matthew Habermann, Vilmarie Rodriguez, Stephen Maxted Ansell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

8584 Background: Bleomycin-induced pneumonitis (BIP) has been well described in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) patients treated with bleomycin-containing chemotherapy regimens. The incidence of acute and subacute pulmonary toxicity varies widely and multiple factors contribute to mortality in patients with BIP. We therefore reviewed the outcome of cHL patients treated at a single institution to further define the incidence of BIP and to identify major contributors to BIP-associated morbidity and mortality. Methods: One hundred sixty-one pediatric and adult patients who were treated with bleomycin-containing chemotherapy for newly diagnosed cHL between January 2000 and December 2012 were eligible for this retrospective review. BIP was defined by fever, pulmonary symptoms, pulmonary infiltrates, or a decline in DLCO, with no evidence of an infectious etiology. Results: BIP was observed in 43.5 % (n=70) of patients. Age >/=45 years was associated with both an increased incidence (p= <0.0001) and increased severity (p=0.0005) of lung toxicity. ABVD regimen as initial therapy (p= <0.001), obesity (p=0.0331) and the presence of at least one cardiac or respiratory comorbidity (p=0.0088) was also associated with the development of BIP. Higher BMI was associated with earlier onset of lung toxicity. No significant increase in pulmonary toxicity was noted with co-administration of G-CSF (p=0.7249). Bleomycin related mortality rate was 4.97 % (n=8) when all patients were considered and 11.43 % (8/70) in patients who developed pulmonary symptoms. Seventy five percent (6/8) of those who died were older than 60 years. Conclusions: The risk of BIP is significant in cHL with the use of bleomycin-containing regimens. Age >/= 45 years appears to increase the risk of BIP and is associated with increased mortality. These findings highlight the need for testing novel treatment combinations in cHL patients that omit bleomycin.
Validation of Altered Umbilical Cord Blood MicroRNA Expression in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Marc Paul O’Sullivan, Ann Marie Looney, Gerard M. Moloney, Mikael Finder, Boubou Hallberg, Gerard Clarke, Geraldine B. Boylan, Deirdre M. Murray
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains a significant cause of neurologic disability. Identifying infants suitable for therapeutic hypothermia (TH) within a narrow therapeutic time is difficult. No single robust biochemical marker is available to clinicians. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess the ability of a panel of candidate microRNA (miRNA) to evaluate the development and severity of encephalopathy following perinatal asphyxia (PA). <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This validation study included 2 cohorts. For the discovery cohort, full-term infants with PA were enrolled at birth to the Biomarkers in Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (BiHiVE1) study (2009-2011) in Cork, Ireland. Encephalopathy grade was defined using early electroencephalogram and Sarnat score (n = 68). The BiHiVE1 cohort also enrolled healthy control infants (n = 22). For the validation cohort, the BiHiVE2 multicenter study (2013-2015), based in Cork, Ireland (7500 live births per annum), and Karolinska Huddinge, Sweden (4400 live births per annum), recruited infants with PA along with healthy control infants to validate findings from BiHiVE1 using identical recruitment criteria (n = 80). The experimental design was formulated prior to recruitment, and analysis was conducted from June 2016 to March 2017. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Alterations in umbilical cord whole-blood miRNA expression. <h3>Results</h3> From 170 neonates, 160 were included in the final analysis. The BiHiVE1 cohort included 87 infants (21 control infants, 39 infants with PA, and 27 infants with HIE), and BiHiVE2 included 73 infants (control [n = 22], PA [n = 26], and HIE [n = 25]). The BiHiVE1 and BiHiVE2 had a median age of 40 weeks (interquartile range [IQR], 39-41 weeks) and 40 weeks (IQR, 39-41 weeks), respectively, and included 56 boys and 31 girls and 45 boys and 28 girls, respectively. In BiHiVE1, 12 candidate miRNAs were identified, and 7 of these miRNAs were chosen for validation in BiHiVE2. The BiHiVE2 cohort showed consistent alteration of 3 miRNAs; miR-374a-5p was decreased in infants diagnosed as having HIE compared with healthy control infants (median relative quantification, 0.38; IQR, 0.17-0.77 vs 0.95; IQR, 0.68-1.19;<i>P</i> = .009), miR-376c-3p was decreased in infants with PA compared with healthy control infants (median, 0.42; IQR, 0.21-0.61 vs 0.90; IQR, 0.70-1.30;<i>P</i> = .004), and mir-181b-5p was decreased in infants eligible for TH (median, 0.27; IQR, 0.14-1.41) vs 1.18; IQR, 0.70-2.05;<i>P</i> = .02). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Altered miRNA expression was detected in umbilical cord blood of neonates with PA and HIE. These miRNA could assist diagnostic markers for early detection of HIE and PA at birth.
Effect of Age on the Prognosis of Molecular Abnormalities in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Yusuke Hara, Norio Shiba, Genki Yamato, Kentaro Ohki, Manabu Sotomatsu, Ken Tabuchi, Daisuke Tomizawa, Tomohiko Taki, Akitoshi Kinoshita, Nobutaka Kiyokawa, Hirokazu Arakawa, Masabumi Shibuya, Takashi Taga, Akio Tawa, Keizo Horibe, Souichi Adachi, Yasuhide Hayashi
Journal: Blood (2018)
Variability in calcium/magnesium (CaMg) use for prevention of oxaliplatin-associated neuropathy.
Authors: Kathryn Jean Ruddy, Dierdre Pachman, Lindsey R Haas, Axel Grothey, Nilay Shah, Andreas S. Beutler, Joleen Marie Hubbard, Darryl Grendahl, Charles L. Loprinzi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e14644 Background: A retrospective analysis published in June 2004 suggested that patients who received intravenous calcium/magnesium (CaMg) were less likely to experience oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy. Randomized, placebo-controlled trials were developed to test whether CaMg was indeed neuroprotective in patients receiving oxaliplatin. In July 2007, an early Data Monitoring Committee report for one of these trials (CONcePT) described lower response rates in patients randomized to CaMg. However, in March 2008, a revised report negated that claim. In February 2011, publication of a subsequent placebo-controlled study (N04C7) supported that CaMg was possibly neuroprotective, but presentation of a more definitive placebo-controlled trial (N08CB) in June 2013 provided convincing evidence that CaMg does not reduce oxaliplatin-associated neuropathy. Methods: Monthly rates of CaMg the same day as oxaliplatin therapy were assessed using administrative claims data from a large United States (US) health plan. The individuals covered by this health plan, about 88 million between 2003-2013, are geographically dispersed across the US, with the greatest representation in the South and Midwest. We identified receipt of oxaliplatin and CaMg using Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System codes on the claims from 2003 through October 2013. Results: 33,147 patients were included from the health plan. Peaks and valleys in rates of use of CaMg when oxaliplatin was given over the past decade are presented in Table. Conclusions: Substantial swings in CaMg use occurred over time. Prescribing patterns appeared highly sensitive to presentation of study results, suggesting that new scientific evidence was translated into clinical practice in a timely manner. However, some might view these practice changes as premature given that none of the early reports provided conclusive data. Use of CaMg in US claims data. Date % of oxaliplatin doses given with CaMg May 2003 0% May 2007 41% May 2008 5% May 2012 32% Oct 2013 6%
Febrile neutropenia and mortality in patients with breast cancer, lung cancer, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Authors: Aniket A Kawatkar, Chun Chao, Wansu Chen, Richard L. Barron, Hairong Xu, Maureen Reiner, Florian D. Vogl, David Chandler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

6604 Background: Chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia (FN) contributes considerably to morbidity and mortality. This retrospective cohort analysis evaluated FN incidence and mortality in patients with breast cancer, lung cancer, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) identified in the Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) Cancer Registry. Methods: Adults age ≥18 years with newly diagnosed breast cancer, lung cancer, or NHL who initiated myelosuppressive chemotherapy between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2009 were included. Patients who had undergone bone marrow/stem cell or solid organ transplantation, had white blood cell diseases within 6 months of starting chemotherapy, or received prior chemotherapy in the 12 months immediately preceding their cancer diagnosis were excluded. Each cycle within the first course of chemotherapy was identified, as were FN events (per ICD-9 codes for neutropenia and/or fever) and deaths (any cause). Patients were followed until the end of study (60 days after last treatment) for no more than 9 cycles. Data were included for all KPSC medical centers within the Southern California region. Outcomes stratified by cancer type and time period are shown below. Results: Overall, 12,086 patients across the 3 tumor types were identified (mean age [SD], 59.7 [11.8] years; females, 77.9%; Caucasians, 69.9%; Hispanic, 18.2%). Patient-level rates of FN and mortality are shown in the Table. Conclusions: This study found variation in the rate of chemotherapy-induced FN and mortality by cancer type and time period among patients with lung cancer, breast cancer, or NHL identified in the KPSC Cancer Registry. Differences across time periods may reflect changes in cancer treatment and FN management. Breast Lung NHL FN, n/N (%) Overall 814/7268 (11.2) 682/3730 (18.3) 321/1088 (29.5) 2000−2005* 387/4615 (8.4) 366/2160 (16.9) 205/689 (29.8) 2006−2009* 429/2848 (15.1) 317/1654 (19.2) 118/433 (27.3) Deaths (any cause) among patients with FN events, n/N (%) Overall 14/814 (1.7) 99/682 (14.5) 21/321(6.5) 2000−2005* 8/387 (2.1) 46/366 (12.6) 17/205 (8.3) 2006−2009* 6/429 (1.4) 53/317 (16.7) 4/118 (3.4) * Some patients with multiple FN events may have been counted in both time periods.
Evaluation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as a potential biomarker in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC): A prospective analysis.
Authors: Virgilio Souza e Silva, Marcello Ferretti Fanelli, Fernando A Soares, Tiago Cordeiro Felismino, Marcilei Eliza Cavicchioli Buim, Vanessa Alves Silva, Bruna Maria Malagoli Rocha, Luciana Menezes Mendonca Ocea, Natalia Breve Mingues, Jose Luiz Gasparini Junior, Juliana Valim Romero, Emne Ali Abdallah, Marcelo Calil Machado Netto, Aldo Lourenço Abbade Dettino, Ludmilla T.D. Chinen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e22016 Background: CRC is the third most prevalent cancer worldwide. New prognostic markers are needed to identify patients with worse prognosis and to aid the development of more effective therapeutic regimens. Circulating tumor cells have emerged as a possible tool to predict outcome in some malignances. The aim of this study was to analyzed the interaction between some clinical and laboratories variables with CTCs levels. We also analyzed the interference of previous exposure to bevacizumab in CTCs in metastatic CRC patients. Methods: Metastatic and non-metastatic CRC patients treated in a single tertiary institution from Brazil were sequentially recruited. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Blood samples were collected before the beginning of first chemotherapy cycle and every two months. The isolation, characterization and counting of CTCs were made by ISET (Isolation by Size of Epithelial Tumor Cells; Rarecells Diagnostics, Paris, France). Results: Fifty four patients were included. The median age was 59 years (30-81 years). Twenty three patients were women (42.6%) and 31 were men (57.4%). At the time of enrollment, 46 patients had stage IV disease (85.2%) and liver was the most common site of metastasis (22.2%). We used the pre-established cut-off of 0.3 CTC/ml. No correlation between CEA and CTCs levels was found in the general population (p=0.606), accordingly with previous published data. In the metastatic setting, median time to progression (mTTP) was 9.1 months and was not correlated with CTCs. CTCs counts correlated inversely with disease stage, a smaller number of CTCs was found in more advanced stages (p=0.033). The majority of our metastatic patients (60.8%) were exposed to bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy. Thus, a possible explanation for the inverse correlation between CTCs and disease stage is that bevacizumab could prevent the release of CTCs by tumor, probably by changes in tumor angiogenesis. Conclusions: CTCs did not correlate with CEA neither TTP but were inversely correlated with disease stage in our cohort. The interaction between bevacizumab exposure and CTCs level should be investigated in further studies.