tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a prediction rule for estimating gastric cancer risk in the Chinese high-risk population: a nationwide multicentre study
Authors: Quancai Cai, Chunping Zhu, Yuan Yuan, Qi Feng, Yichao Feng, Yingxia Hao, Jichang Li, Kaiguang Zhang, Guoliang Ye, Liping Ye, Nonghua Lv, Shengsheng Zhang, Chengxia Liu, Mingquan Li, Qi Liu, Rongzhou Li, Jie Pan, Xiaocui Yang, Xuqing Zhu, Yumei Li, Bo Lao, Ansheng Ling, Honghui Chen, Xiuling Li, Ping Xu, Jianfeng Zhou, Baozhen Liu, Zhiqiang Du, Yiqi Du, Zhaoshen Li
Journal: Gut (2019)

Objective To develop a gastric cancer (GC) risk prediction rule as an initial prescreening tool to identify individuals with a high risk prior to gastroscopy. Design This was a nationwide multicentre cross-sectional study. Individuals aged 40–80 years who went to hospitals for a GC screening gastroscopy were recruited. Serum pepsinogen (PG) I, PG II, gastrin-17 (G-17) and anti- Helicobacter pylori IgG antibody concentrations were tested prior to endoscopy. Eligible participants (n=14 929) were randomly assigned into the derivation and validation cohorts, with a ratio of 2:1. Risk factors for GC were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses and an optimal prediction rule was then settled. Results The novel GC risk prediction rule comprised seven variables (age, sex, PG I/II ratio, G-17 level, H. pylori infection, pickled food and fried food), with scores ranging from 0 to 25. The observed prevalence rates of GC in the derivation cohort at low-risk (≤11), medium-risk (12–16) or high-risk (17–25) group were 1.2%, 4.4% and 12.3%, respectively (p&lt;0.001).When gastroscopy was used for individuals with medium risk and high risk, 70.8% of total GC cases and 70.3% of early GC cases were detected. While endoscopy requirements could be reduced by 66.7% according to the low-risk proportion. The prediction rule owns a good discrimination, with an area under curve of 0.76, or calibration (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions The developed and validated prediction rule showed good performance on identifying individuals at a higher risk in a Chinese high-risk population. Future studies are needed to validate its efficacy in a larger population.
Fulminant Hepatitis Associated With Echovirus 25 During Treatment With Ocrelizumab for Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Laura Ambra Nicolini, Paola Canepa, Patrizia Caligiuri, Malgorzata Mikulska, Giovanni Novi, Claudio Viscoli, Antonio Uccelli
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2019)

This case study describes a patient in whom administration of an anti-CD20 antibody to treat multiple sclerosis appears to have precipitated liver failure.
Abstract 18223: Postoperative Cardiac Events After Non-Cardiac Surgery in Patients Undergoing Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography
Authors: R J Widmer, Michael W Cullen, Darrell R Schroeder, Robert B McCully, Karen F Mauck
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: Postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing pre-operative DSE across the spectrum of surgical risk in a large and contemporary cohort of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery remain...
Pilonidal sinus disease: an intergluteal localization of hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa: a cross‐sectional study among 2465 patients
Authors: F. Benhadou, H.H. Van der Zee, J.C. Pascual, D. Rigopoulos, A. Katoulis, A.I. Liakou, M. Daxhelet, M. Romanelli, M. Iannone, Á. Kinyó, G. Nikolakis, C.C. Zouboulis, C. Dessinioti, C. Zisimou, C. Antoniou, A. Alavi, D. Mintoff, S. Aquilina, L. Matusiak, J.C. Szepietowski, R. Sinclair, H. Husein‐ElAhmed, M. von Laffert, J. Revuz, B. Danby, L. Puig, P. Theut Riis, G.B.E. Jemec, K. Straalen, K.M.G.J. Wigny, V. Marmol, P. Guillem
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), also referred to as acne inversa, is a debilitating skin disease characterized by inflammatory nodules, chronic abscesses and tunnels (fistulae and sinuses). The association with pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is frequently reported but not well documented.To determine the prevalence and characteristics of inflammatory skin lesions located in the intergluteal fold (IGF) of patients with HS.This was an international multicentre retrospective cross-sectional study based on data collection from a large cohort of patients with HS with and without histopathology. Results From a total of 2465 patients with HS included in the study, 661 (27%) reported lesions in the IGF. These patients were significantly more often smokers and had more severe HS. Of the 238 patients with an available clinical diagnosis, intergluteal-HS (IG-HS) was diagnosed in 52 patients (22%) and PSD was diagnosed in 186 patients (78%). IG-HS was associated with the localization of HS in the proximity of the IGF, including the buttocks, genitals and the anus. There was a possibility of misclassification bias in this study as a clinical/image-based diagnosis or histopathology of the IGF lesions was not always available.The high prevalence of PSD suggests a strong link between both entities. Therefore, it may be useful to identify common pathophysiological mechanisms and develop common therapeutic strategies. What's already known about this topic? The occurrence of pilonidal sinus disease has not been clearly reported among patients with hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa. What does this study add? This is the first study that investigated the prevalence of pilonidal sinus disease among a large cohort of patients and identified the patient characteristics. Risk factors that might help to improve the management of patients were identified.
A Genomic Rule Predicting HMA Treatment Response in MDS Identified By Protein Network Mapping and Validated By Clinical Trial Simulation
Authors: Leylah Drusbosky, Neeraj Kumar Singh, Pranav Tiwari, Shireen Vali, Taher Abbasi, Sarbjit Sarkaria, Adam Lorant, Satin Burns, Rafael Bejar, Christopher R. Cogle
Journal: Blood (2016)
Abstract 19813: Contemporary Outcomes of Acute Pulmonary Embolism in the United States
Authors: Fahad Alqahtani, Sami Aljohani, Abdulrahman Tarabishy, Tatiana Busu, Ahmad Almustafa, Ali Hama Amin, Mohamad Adnan Alkhouli
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: significant advances have been made in the management of pulmonary embolism (PE) in the last decade. Nevertheless, contemporary data on the incidence and outcomes of acute PE in the US are sparse. Methods: we utilized the national inpatient sample to identify patients admitted with a principle diagnosis of acute PE. Incidence of PE, utilization trends of systemic and catheter directed thrombolysis as well as surgical thrombectomy were examined. In hospital morbidity and mortality were assessed. Results: 389,518 patients were admitted with acute PE between 2003-2014 (national estimate 1,916,793). The incidence rate of PE increased from 41 per 100,000 to 59 per 100,000 (p<0.001) (Figure1). There was a significant increase in the utilization of systemic and catheter directed thrombolysis (1.5% to 2.6%, and 0.3% to 1.1%, respectively, p<0.001) during the study period. The use of inferior vena cava (IVC) filter decreased from 13.8% to 9.7%, p<0.001. Surgical thrombectomy remained uncommon at a rate...
Splenic Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma With Splenic Infarction in a Patient With Cold Agglutinin Disease
Authors: Ryusuke Nakamoto, Chio Okuyama, Takahiko Utsumi, Yoshihiro Yamamoto
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Abstract We report a case of splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma discovered in a 73-year-old man with cold agglutinin disease. PET/CT revealed splenomegaly with focally intense uptake of 18 F-FDG and diffusely increased bone marrow uptake, which was considered to be secondary to hemolytic anemia. Splenectomy was performed. The histopathology of the spleen showed splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma with partial splenic infarction, which correlated with the area of focal intense FDG uptake. Depending on the time since onset, splenic infarctions can present as focal FDG accumulation.
Intralymphatic histiocytosis in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma treated with pembrolizumab: a case report
Authors: Teppei Sugano, Masahiro Seike, Yoko Funasaka, Mai Yoshida, Ryoko Takayama, Ken Okamura, Asuka Nakanishi, Toru Tanaka, Susumu Takeuchi, Rintaro Noro, Yuji Minegishi, Kaoru Kubota, Hidehisa Saeki, Akihiko Gemma
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2019)

<h3>Background</h3> Pembrolizumab, an anti-programmed cell death-1 protein monoclonal antibody, is effective for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors such as pembrolizumab induce various immune-related adverse events, involving the lung, liver, gastrointestinal, endocrine system, and skin. Intralymphatic histiocytosis (ILH) is a rare, chronic cutaneous disorder with a reactive inflammatory component, which often occurs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. <h3>Case presentation</h3> We present a 67-year-old man with lung adenocarcinoma who developed ILH associated with pembrolizumab treatment. He was treated with palliative thoracic radiotherapy for superior vena cava syndrome. Subsequently, he received four cycles of pembrolizumab. Approximately 2.5 months after the initiation of pembrolizumab, he developed erythema on the trunk of his body. Based on findings of skin biopsies, he was diagnosed with pembrolizumab-induced ILH. Moreover, the upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α was observed during pembrolizumab therapy. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This is the first report of ILH induced by pembrolizumab in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma.
The new haemodynamic definition of pulmonary hypertension: evidence prevails, finally!
Authors: Marius M. Hoeper, Marc Humbert
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2019)

<b>The proposal to redefine pulmonary hypertension by lowering the mean pulmonary artery pressure threshold from 25 mmHg to 20 mmHg is supported by strong scientific evidence</b>http://ow.ly/eajR30nHA2E
Elastin imaging enables noninvasive staging and treatment monitoring of kidney fibrosis
Authors: Qinxue Sun, Maike Baues, Barbara M. Klinkhammer, Josef Ehling, Sonja Djudjaj, Natascha I. Drude, Christoph Daniel, Kerstin Amann, Rafael Kramann, Hyojin Kim, Julio Saez-Rodriguez, Ralf Weiskirchen, David C. Onthank, Rene M. Botnar, Fabian Kiessling, Jürgen Floege, Twan Lammers, Peter Boor
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2019)

Fibrosis is the common endpoint and currently the best predictor of progression of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Despite several drawbacks, biopsies remain the only available means to specifically assess the extent of renal fibrosis. Here, we show that molecular imaging of the extracellular matrix protein elastin allows for noninvasive staging and longitudinal monitoring of renal fibrosis. Elastin was hardly expressed in healthy mouse, rat, and human kidneys, whereas it was highly up-regulated in cortical, medullar, and perivascular regions in progressive CKD. Compared to a clinically relevant control contrast agent, the elastin-specific magnetic resonance imaging agent ESMA specifically detected elastin expression in multiple mouse models of renal fibrosis and also in fibrotic human kidneys. Elastin imaging allowed for repetitive and reproducible assessment of renal fibrosis, and it enabled longitudinal monitoring of therapeutic interventions, accurately capturing anti-fibrotic therapy effects. Last, in a model of reversible renal injury, elastin imaging detected ensuing fibrosis not identifiable via routine assessment of kidney function. Elastin imaging thus has the potential to become a noninvasive, specific imaging method to assess renal fibrosis.
Treatment of diatal rectal cancer with preoperative intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) combined with chemotherapy: Updated 5-year results of 42 patients.
Authors: Albert S. DeNittis, John Marks, Filip Troicki, Erik L. Zeger, George Nassif, Gerald J. Marks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e14157 Background: Preoperative chemoradiotherapy is currently the standard of care for patients with distal rectal cancer. With Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), more conformal doses of radiation can be delivered to tumor while sparing normal tissue. It is our intent to present updated data showing 5 year follow up on patients treated concurrently with chemotherapy and IMRT reporting on local control, overall survival, and toxicity. Methods: From April 2007 to February of 2012 a sequential retrospective study of 42 patients at Lankenau Medical Center were treated for distal rectal cancer using IMRT. Patients staged from T2N0M0 to T3N1M0 and all received 5580 cGy to the pelvis using a 9 field plan to tumor, involved and uninvolved lymph nodes. All but one patient received 5FU based chemotherapy and four patients also received oxaliplatin. All patients then went on to surgery 8 – 12 weeks following neoadjuvant therapy. Twenty six patients underwent transabdominal transanal mesorectal (TATA) resection, 9 patients underwent a transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM), and 1 patient had an open low anterior resection. 3 patients have yet to go to surgery. FOLFOX was given to 25 of 42 patients adjuvently. Patients were analyzed for local control (LC), median survival (MS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity. Results: The median follow-up was 35 months. Complete pathological response was achieved in 12 (30.7%) patients, partial response was achieved in 25 (64%) patients, and 2 had stable disease at the time of surgery. There were no patients with local failure and only six (14%) patients progressed with distant metastatic disease. OS at 5 years was 92.8% with a MS of 37 months. Toxicity was acceptable with eight patients with grade 1, 5 patients with grade 2, and 3 grade 3 diarrhea. There were 3 (7%) patients with grade 1 neutropenia. Three patients experienced disease related death. Conclusions: With 5 years of follow-up data, our experience has shown that neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy using IMRT to treat advanced stage rectal cancer is well tolerated and effective. Still further follow-up and additional studies will be required to confirm our findings.
Senolytic therapy alleviates Aβ-associated oligodendrocyte progenitor cell senescence and cognitive deficits in an Alzheimer’s disease model
Authors: Peisu Zhang, Yuki Kishimoto, Ioannis Grammatikakis, Kamalvishnu Gottimukkala, Roy G. Cutler, Shiliang Zhang, Kotb Abdelmohsen, Vilhelm A. Bohr, Jyoti Misra Sen, Myriam Gorospe, Mark P. Mattson
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2019)
Lymphopenic community-acquired pneumonia is associated with a dysregulated immune response and increased severity and mortality
Authors: Raúl Méndez, Rosario Menéndez, Isabel Amara-Elori, Laura Feced, Alba Piró, Paula Ramírez, Amparo Sempere, Alicia Ortega, Jesús F. Bermejo-Martín, Antoni Torres
Journal: Journal of Infection (2019)
Inhibition of platelet GPVI induces intratumor hemorrhage and increases efficacy of chemotherapy in mice
Authors: Julia Volz, Elmina Mammadova-Bach, Jesus Gil-Pulido, Rajender Nandigama, Katharina Remer, Lydia Sorokin, Alma Zernecke, Scott I. Abrams, Süleyman Ergün, Erik Henke, Bernhard Nieswandt
Journal: Blood (2019)
PTH-057 Endoscopic management of buried bumper syndrome
Authors: Angad Singh, Andrea Cartwright, Rizwan Kassam, Javaid Subhani
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Buried Bumper Syndrome (BBS) is an uncommon, yet potentially serious complication of percutaneous gastrostomy tube (PEG) placement with a quoted incidence of 1%. Usually identified during routine nursing assessment, release of a buried bumper can be achieved via external manipulation, endoscopically or via surgery. <h3>Aim</h3> Review the frequency and success of endoscopic treatment of BBS. <h3>Methods</h3> At Basildon University Hospital a 4-level stepwise approach was adopted for management of Buried Bumper Syndrome, with each level representing an escalation of therapy. 29. Level 1– Release achieved by external manipulations by a nurse or radiologist. 30. Level 2– Endoscopic if the internal bumper can be seen through a relatively wide tract it may be pulled through by graspers or snare. 31. Level 3–Sometime the tract is narrow and may require quadrantic incisions (3a) or subsequent balloon dilations (3b) before release. 32. Level 4– Cannot be endoscopically released and require surgery. Retrospective review of endoscopy records held on Unisoft from August 2009 to Jan 2018 by a bespoke Access query. Endoscopy and clinical records were reviewed of the identified patients. By definition no Level 1 cases would be identified. <h3>Results</h3> 27 incidences of BBS requiring 30 endoscopic procedures in 18 patients were identified. 4 (22%) patients had repeated distinct episodes of BBS (2–5). 18 episodes of BBS were successful resolved endoscopically (67%). Interventions were 4x Level 2, 9x level 3a, 5x Level 3b. Endoscopic treatment of 9 episodes of BBS were unsuccessful (Level 4). 4/9 patients had a surgical removal, though one precipitated a 2 month admission complicated by an ITU stay. The other 5 patients were deemed unfit, though one patient continued to suffer from septic episodes related to the bumper. The PEG insertion date was unknown many patients (e.g out of area, pre-2009) but for 12 patients the time from insertion to attempted release of BBS was known. 2 episodes&lt;12 months, 3 occurred at 12 months, 3 at 21–25 months, 4 at 31–33 months. The only short (2 months) interval was in a patient with previous PEG. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This is a relatively infrequent endoscopic dilemma with only 27 instances over a 8.5 year study period. However with rare scenarios the referral pathway can be unclear. Only one endoscopist managed Level 3 releases and by default they became the routine destination for Nutrition team referrals. This allowed a 66% success rate but disappointingly 22% of the patients had recurrent episodes. Recommendations 1) Education of the institutions caring for these patients. 2) Single endoscopists to develop expertise in each centre 3) If successful, attempt to site a new PEG in a second area despite the difficulty.
Immobilized liquid metal nanoparticles with improved stability and photothermal performance for combinational therapy of tumor
Authors: Jing-Jing Hu, Miao-Deng Liu, Ying Chen, Fan Gao, Si-Yuan Peng, Bo-Ru Xie, Chu-Xin Li, Xuan Zeng, Xian-Zheng Zhang
Journal: Biomaterials (2019)
Pollen exposure at birth and adolescent lung function, and modification by residential greenness
Authors: Katrina A. Lambert, Caroline Lodge, Adrian J. Lowe, Luke A. Prendergast, Paul S. Thomas, Catherine M. Bennett, Michael J. Abramson, Shyamali C. Dharmage, Bircan Erbas
Journal: Allergy (2019)

Abstract Background Exposure to high levels of pollen in infancy is a risk factor for allergic respiratory diseases in later childhood, but effects on lung function are not fully understood. We aim to examine associations between grass pollen exposure in the first months of life and lung function at 12 and 18 years, and explore potential modification. Methods Using the Melbourne Atopy Cohort Study, a birth cohort of children with a family history of allergic diseases, we modeled the association between cumulative grass pollen exposure up to 3 months after birth, on FEV 1 , FVC, and FEV 1 /FVC ratio at 12 and 18 years. We also assessed modifying effects of residential greenness levels (derived from satellite imagery), asthma, and early life sensitization to ryegrass. Results Grass pollen exposure in the first 7 days was associated with a reduction in FEV 1 (−15.5 mL; 95% CI: −27.6, −3.3 per doubling of pollen count) and FVC (−20.8 mL; −35.4, −6.1) at 12 years, but not at 18 years. Increase in cumulative grass pollen exposure up to 3 months was negatively associated with FVC at 12 and 18. Exposure to high residential greenness modified the association at 18 years. Conclusion Early exposure to grass pollen was associated with decreased lung function in children and adolescents. Targeted interventions for pollen avoidance strategies that take into account local topography could be implemented alongside other clinical interventions such as immunotherapy.
Stiripentol protects against calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis and ethylene glycol poisoning
Authors: Marine Le Dudal, Léa Huguet, Joëlle Perez, Sophie Vandermeersch, Elise Bouderlique, Ellie Tang, Carole Martori, Nicole Chemaly, Rima Nabbout, Jean-Philippe Haymann, Vincent Frochot, Laurent Baud, Georges Deschênes, Michel Daudon, Emmanuel Letavernier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2019)

Increased urinary oxalate excretion (hyperoxaluria) promotes the formation of calcium oxalate crystals. Monogenic diseases due to hepatic enzymes deficiency result in chronic hyperoxaluria, promoting end-stage renal disease in children and young adults. Ethylene glycol poisoning also results in hyperoxaluria promoting acute renal failure and frequently death. Stiripentol is an antiepileptic drug used to treat children affected by Dravet syndrome, possibly by inhibiting neuronal lactate dehydrogenase 5 isoenzyme. As this isoenzyme is also the last step of hepatic oxalate production, we hypothesized that Stiripentol would potentially reduce hepatic oxalate production and urine oxalate excretion. In vitro, Stiripentol decreased in a dose-dependent manner the synthesis of oxalate by hepatocytes. In vivo, Stiripentol oral administration reduced significantly urine oxalate excretion in rats. Stiripentol protected kidneys against calcium oxalate crystal deposits in acute ethylene glycol intoxication and chronic calcium oxalate nephropathy models. In both models, Stiripentol improved significantly renal function. Patients affected by Dravet syndrome and treated with Stiripentol had a lower urine oxalate excretion than control patients. A young girl affected by severe type I hyperoxaluria received Stiripentol for several weeks: urine oxalate excretion decreased by two-thirds. Stiripentol is a promising potential therapy against genetic hyperoxaluria and ethylene glycol poisoning.
Should this systematic review and meta-analysis change my practice? Part 2: exploring the role of the comparator, diversity, risk of bias and confidence
Authors: Mervyn J Travers, Myles Calder Murphy, James Robert Debenham, Paola Chivers, Max K Bulsara, Matthew K Bagg, Thorvaldur Skulli Palsson, William Gibson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2019)

Systematic review and meta-analyses (SRMA) represent the highest quality of evidence of the effects of interventions and have the capacity to usefully inform clinical decisions, reduce research waste and direct policy making.1–4 Interventional SRMA often amalgamate the results of multiple randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to determine the magnitude of the estimate of the effect for a chosen intervention and to examine variation among study outcomes (heterogeneity).5 As such they represent the highest level of evidence to inform clinicians on the usefulness of a given treatment. Of course, the robustness of SRMA findings is dependent on the quality of the trials that have been pooled. The aim of this two-part Educational Editorial Series is to outline a process of scrutiny and analysis for SRMA to facilitate answering the important question ‘Should this SRMA change my practice?’. An understanding of key features of SRMA which have been outlined in related BJSM Educational Editorials is needed by clinicians in order to make this decision.2 6–10 Here, we present a worked example for clinicians illustrating some important considerations when reading an interventional SRMA. Specifically, we highlight the need to consider the pooling of comparators, clinical diversity, comparisons to active control, risk of bias and confidence in the results when interpreting interventional SRMA findings.

The example SRMA investigated the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections for tendinopathy.11 Based on data extracted from 16 RCTs (see online supplementary file 1 for a list of references), the authors reported a moderate treatment effect in favour of PRP with a standard mean difference (SMD) of 0.47 (95% CI 0.22 to 0.72, p<0.001). Part 1 of this Educational Editorial series demonstrated issues of methodological reporting, transparency and reproducibility which undermined the trustworthiness of this result and we presented a revised estimate of treatment effect of …