tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Golimumab administered subcutaneously every 4 weeks in ankylosing spondylitis: 104-week results of the GO-RAISE study
Authors: Jürgen Braun, Atul Deodhar, Robert D Inman, Désirée van der Heijde, Michael Mack, Stephen Xu, Benjamin Hsu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of golimumab over 104 weeks in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis. Methods At baseline, patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (n=356) were randomly assigned (1:1.8:1.8) to subcutaneous injections of placebo (group 1), golimumab 50 mg (group 2) or golimumab 100 mg (group 3) every 4 weeks. At week 16, patients in groups 1 and 2 with &lt;20% improvement in total back pain and morning stiffness entered early escape to 50 or 100 mg, respectively. At week 24, patients still receiving placebo crossed over to golimumab 50 mg. Findings through week 24 were previously reported; those through week 104 are presented herein. Results At week 104, 38.5%, 60.1% and 71.4% of patients in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively, had at least 20% improvement in the Assessment in SpondyloArthritis international Society response criteria (ASAS20); 38.5%, 55.8% and 54.3% had an ASAS40 response and 21.8%, 31.9% and 30.7% were in ASAS partial remission. Mean Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index scores were &lt;3 at week 104 for all the treatment regimens. Golimumab safety through week 104 was similar to that through week 24. Conclusion Clinical response that was achieved by patients receiving golimumab through 24 weeks was sustained through 52 and 104 weeks. The golimumab safety profile appeared to be consistent with the known safety profile of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors.
Development and efficacy of a nested real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to identify the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene of <i>Sarcoptes scabiei</i> var. <i>hominis</i> for diagnosis and monitoring of ordinary scabies
Authors: J.K. Kim, E.J. Chun, S.Y. Yang, K.S. Kim, S.S. Kim, C.W. Kim
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)
Progress Toward Polio Eradication — Worldwide, January 2018–March 2020
Authors: Anna N. Chard, S. Deblina Datta, Graham Tallis, Cara C. Burns, Steven G.F. Wassilak, John F. Vertefeuille, Michel Zaffran
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

Since the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) was established in 1988, two of the three wild poliovirus (WPV) serotypes (types 2 and 3) have been eradicated.* Transmission of WPV type 1 (WPV1) remains uninterrupted only in Afghanistan and Pakistan. This report summarizes progress toward global polio eradication during January 1, 2018-March 31, 2020 and updates previous reports (1,2). In 2019, Afghanistan and Pakistan reported the highest number of WPV1 cases (176) since 2014. During January 1-March 31, 2020 (as of June 19), 54 WPV1 cases were reported, an approximate fourfold increase from 12 cases during the corresponding period in 2019. Paralytic poliomyelitis can also be caused by circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV), which emerges when attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) virus reverts to neurovirulence following prolonged circulation in underimmunized populations (3). Since the global withdrawal of type 2-containing OPV (OPV2) in April 2016, cVDPV type 2 (cVDPV2) outbreaks have increased in number and geographic extent (4). During January 2018-March 2020, 21 countries reported 547 cVDPV2 cases. Complicating increased poliovirus transmission during 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and mitigation efforts have resulted in suspension of immunization activities and disruptions to poliovirus surveillance. When the COVID-19 emergency subsides, enhanced support will be needed to resume polio eradication field activities.
Prognostic impacts of dynamic cardiac structural changes in heart failure patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Shinsuke Yamanaka, Yasuhiko Sakata, Kotaro Nochioka, Masanobu Miura, Shintaro Kasahara, Masayuki Sato, Hajime Aoyanagi, Takahide Fujihashi, Hideka Hayashi, Takashi Shiroto, Koichiro Sugimura, Jun Takahashi, Satoshi Miyata, Hiroaki Shimokawa
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2020)
Computational inference of cancer-specific vulnerabilities in clinical samples
Authors: Kiwon Jang, Min Ji Park, Jae Soon Park, Haeun Hwangbo, Min Kyung Sung, Sinae Kim, Jaeyun Jung, Jong Won Lee, Sei-Hyun Ahn, Suhwan Chang, Jung Kyoon Choi
Journal: Genome biology (2020)

Abstract Background Systematic in vitro loss-of-function screens provide valuable resources that can facilitate the discovery of drugs targeting cancer vulnerabilities. Results We develop a deep learning-based method to predict tumor-specific vulnerabilities in patient samples by leveraging a wealth of in vitro screening data. Acquired dependencies of tumors are inferred in cases in which one allele is disrupted by inactivating mutations or in association with oncogenic mutations. Nucleocytoplasmic transport by Ran GTPase is identified as a common vulnerability in Her2-positive breast cancers. Vulnerability to loss of Ku70/80 is predicted for tumors that are defective in homologous recombination and rely on nonhomologous end joining for DNA repair. Our experimental validation for Ran, Ku70/80, and a proteasome subunit using patient-derived cells shows that they can be targeted specifically in particular tumors that are predicted to be dependent on them. Conclusion This approach can be applied to facilitate the development of precision therapeutic targets for different tumors.
A deep learning algorithm to detect anaemia with ECGs: a retrospective, multicentre study
Authors: Joon-myoung Kwon, Younghoon Cho, Ki-Hyun Jeon, Soohyun Cho, Kyung-Hee Kim, Seung Don Baek, Soomin Jeung, Jinsik Park, Byung-Hee Oh
Journal: The Lancet Digital Health (2020)

Anaemia is an important health-care burden globally, and screening for anaemia is crucial to prevent multi-organ injury, irreversible complications, and life-threatening adverse events. We aimed to establish whether a deep learning algorithm (DLA) that enables non-invasive anaemia screening from electrocardiograms (ECGs) might improve the detection of anaemia.We did a retrospective, multicentre, diagnostic study in which a DLA was developed using ECGs and then internally and externally validated. We used data from two hospitals, Sejong General Hospital (hospital A) and Mediplex Sejong Hospital (hospital B), in South Korea. Data from hospital A was for DLA development and internal validation, and data from hospital B was for external validation. We included individuals who had at least one ECG with a haemoglobin measurement within 1 h of the index ECG and excluded individuals with missing demographic, electrocardiographic, or haemoglobin information. Three types of DLA were developed with 12-lead, 6-lead (limb lead), and single-lead (lead I) ECGs to detect haemoglobin concentrations of 10 g/dL or less. The DLA was built by a convolutional neural network and used 500-Hz raw ECG, age, and sex as input data.The study period ran from Oct 1, 2016, to Sept 30, 2019, in hospital A and March 1, 2017, to Sept 30, 2019, in hospital B. 40 513 patients at hospital A and 4737 patients at hospital B were eligible for inclusion. We excluded 281 patients at hospital A and 72 patients at hospital B because of missing values for clinical information and ECG data. The development dataset comprised 57 435 ECGs from 31 898 patients, and the algorithm was internally validated with 7974 ECGs from 7974 patients. The external validation dataset included 4665 ECGs from 4665 patients. 586 (internal) and 194 (external) patients within the combined dataset were found to be anaemic. During internal and external validation, the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) of the DLA using a 12-lead ECG for detecting anaemia was 0·923 for internal validation and 0·901 for external validation. Using a 90% sensitivity operating point for the development data, the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of internal validation were 89·8%, 81·5%, 99·4%, and 20·0%, respectively, and those of external validation were 86·1%, 76·2%, 99·2%, and 13·5%, respectively. The DLA focused on the QRS complex for deciding the presence of anaemia in a sensitivity map. The AUROCs of DLAs using 6 leads and a single lead were in the range of 0·841-0·890.In this study, using raw ECG data, a DLA accurately detected anaemia. The application of artificial intelligence to ECGs could enable screening for anaemia.None.
Development and Pilot Testing of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Nutrition Care Pathway
Authors: Caroline Hwang, Kelly Issokson, Catherine Giguere-Rich, Swapna Reddy, Andrew Tinsley, Welmoed K. Van Deen, Harry Bray, Donald Lum, Humberto Aguilar, Timothy L. Zisman, Ziad Younes, Damara Crate, Ridhima Oberai, Alandra Weaver, Gil Melmed, Corey Siegel, Jason K. Hou
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)
Seeking and Implementing Evidence-Based Physician Suicide Prevention
Authors: Tiffany I. Leung, Chwen-Yuen Angie Chen, Sima Pendharkar
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Abstract B35: Dietary flaxseed supplementation in ovarian cancer: Elucidating the molecular actions of its biologically derived active compounds
Authors: Purab Pal, Karen Hales, Dale Buchanan Hales
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract The goal of our study is to elucidate the anti-ovarian cancer molecular mechanisms promoted by a flaxseed-supplemented diet in the laying hen. A flaxseed-supplemented diet generates a myriad of biologically active compounds that work synergistically to attack ovarian tumors. Our laboratory has demonstrated that flaxseed diet reduces the occurrence and severity of ovarian cancer in laying hen—the only spontaneous animal model for ovarian cancer. Flax diet in chicken induces the CYP1A1 pathway of estrogen metabolism increasing production of 2-hydroxy and 2-methoxy metabolites. 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME) is produced by the Catechol-O-Methyl transferase (COMT) enzyme from 2-hydroxyestradiol—a pathway that reduces estrogen toxicity, which is protective against ovarian cancer. Flaxseed is also a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids, mostly a-linoleic acid (ALA), which is converted into docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the gut. We have recently shown that flaxseed diet induces apoptosis and inhibits angiogenesis in the chicken ovarian tumors. 2ME promotes apoptosis and inhibits angiogenesis via activation of p38-MAPK; DHA has potent antiangiogenic and anti-inflammatory actions, however not dependent on the p38-MAPK pathway. To further investigate the molecular mechanisms of the antiangiogenic actions of flax diet, a qRT-PCR array analyzing 84 key genes involved in angiogenesis was performed. Nine key genes were significantly downregulated with flax diet. These genes are involved in hypoxia-induced endothelial cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and lymphangiogenesis. Using human ovarian cancer cells, DNA damage was studied by TUNEL staining; DNA content and cell cycle progression were studied by PI staining and flow cytometry; apoptosis was measured by cleavage of caspase-3 by Western blot. 2ME treatment induced phosphorylation at ser139 of histone H2A (gH2Ax), a known marker for dsDNA breaks, along with phosphorylation at ser10 of histone H3 (pHH3) and ser14 of histone H2B (pHH2B). 2ME is known to bind at/near the colchicine binding site of the growing microtubules and therefore arresting cells at G2/M phase. 2ME effects were equivalent in ERa positive and negative human ovarian cancer cells. Also, the selective GPR30 agonist and antagonist, G1 and G15, did not modulate the effects of 2ME. Therefore, the anticancer actions of 2ME are not dependent on or mediated through the estrogen receptors. (NIH RO1AT005295) Citation Format: Purab Pal, Karen Hales, Dale Buchanan Hales. Dietary flaxseed supplementation in ovarian cancer: Elucidating the molecular actions of its biologically derived active compounds [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 13-16, 2019; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(13_Suppl):Abstract nr B35.
Sensing of ATP via the Purinergic Receptor P2RX7 Promotes CD8+ Trm Cell Generation by Enhancing Their Sensitivity to the Cytokine TGF-β
Authors: Henrique Borges da Silva, Changwei Peng, Haiguang Wang, Kelsey M. Wanhainen, Chaoyu Ma, Sharon Lopez, Alexander Khoruts, Nu Zhang, Stephen C. Jameson
Journal: Immunity (2020)
Rammya Mathew: We must let patients choose how to access primary care
Authors: Rammya Mathew
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The doors are shut, and the waiting rooms are nearly empty. Passers-by would be forgiven for thinking that general practice has shut up shop during the pandemic. The reality is that, behind the closed doors, staff are going to great lengths to maintain and even enhance access to general practice. How you access it, however, now looks very different.

Practices have almost unanimously switched to a total telephone triage model, whereby a clinician assesses you by phone or video link and determines whether to bring you in for a face-to-face appointment. Some surgeries have taken it a step …
Early morning off in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a Chinese nationwide study and a 7-question screening scale
Authors: Chao Han, Wei Mao, Jing An, Lifei Jiao, Piu Chan
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2020)

Abstract Background Early morning off (EMO) is a common feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aimed to characterize its clinical features and develop a convenient and pragmatic self-assessment instrument in a Chinese nationwide population. Methods This study was conducted on 942 PD patients admitted to 55 clinic centers for movement disorders between June 2018 and May 2019 in China. Stepwise logistic regression analyses were performed to determine potential risk factors and the most predictive symptoms of EMO, as well as whether EMO was an independent risk factor of functional dependency in daily life. Based on this, a 7-question scale was derived for EMO screening. Diagnostic accuracy of this scale was assessed from the area under the receiver operative characteristic curve (AUROC) and its 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We further calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for the optimal cutoff point. Results EMO occurred in 49.2% of PD patients across all disease stages. We identified 7 symptoms most predictive of EMO, including bradykinesia or rigidity, excessive sweating or salivation, difficulty in turning on or getting out of bed, muscle cramp, fatigue or sleepiness, frozen state or freezing gait, and tremor. The resulting 7-item scale was confirmed to be of good discrimination with a relatively large AUROC of 0.83, a relatively high sensitivity of 75.7%, specificity of 77.5%, PPV of 76.5%, and NPV of 76.7%. Nonideal nighttime sleep, long PD duration, advanced H&amp;Y stages, posture instability gait difficulty-dominant or mixed subtypes, and high levodopa dose were independently associated with increased risk of EMO. EMO patients were at 87% higher (OR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.07–3.32) risk of experiencing functional dependency in daily living compared with their counterparts. Conclusions We demonstrated that EMO is a common feature for PD patients across all disease stages and put forward an EMO-specific screening card of sufficient accuracy and brevity. Meanwhile we have thrown some light upon potential determinants and negative health effects of EMO. Our findings may exert great impact on improving the awareness, recognition and management of EMO in PD patients.
Feasibility of Remote Video Assessment of Jugular Venous Pressure and Implications for Telehealth
Authors: Samuel A. Kelly, Kevin B. Schesing, Jennifer T. Thibodeau, Colby R. Ayers, Mark H. Drazner
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2020)

Guideline-directed management of heart failure includes assessment of volume status, 1 for which estimation of jugular venous pressure (JVP) is the most reliable bedside marker. [2]][4] Whether JVP can be assessed remotely, as would occur during a telemedicine visit, is unknown.Given the dramatic increase in telemedicine visits during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, this question has gained further importance.We conducted a prospective observational study comparing JVP estimates performed at bedside and over video chat with invasively measured right atrial pressure (RAP).
Hemolysin BL from novel <i>Bacillus toyonensis</i> BV-17 induces antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Jiajia Chen, Shoukui Hu, Dengbo Ji, Zhaoya Gao, Hanyang Wang, Yong Yang, Yongkang Chen, Jin Gu
Journal: Gut Microbes (2020)

The gut microbiota plays an important role in cancer development and immunotherapy. Bacterial toxins have enormous antitumor potential due to their cytotoxicity and ability to activate the immune system. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we compared the gut microbiota composition of fecal samples from healthy individuals and patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and observed that the genus Bacillus was common in the healthy donors but was absent in the CRC patients. Further, we isolated a novel Bacillus toyonensis BV-17 from the fecal samples of the healthy individuals. Our results showed that the supernatant of the Bacillus toyonensis BV-17 cultures could quickly kill various tumor cell lines within minutes in vitro, by causing cell membrane disruption, blebbing, and leakage of cytoplasmic content. Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) and mass spectrometry analysis identified hemolysin BL (HBL) as the effector molecule, which exhibits a different cytotoxicity mechanism compared to previous studies. Intra-tumor injection of low dose HBL inhibited the growth of both treated and untreated tumors in mice. The outcomes of this pioneer study suggest that HBL exhibits antitumor activity and is a potential chemotherapeutic agent that could be engineered to target only tumor cells in future.
Clinical course, severity and mortality in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 with rheumatic diseases
Authors: Laura Nuño, Marta Novella Navarro, Gema Bonilla, Karen Franco-Gómez, Pilar Aguado, Diana Peiteado, Irene Monjo, Carolina Tornero, Alejandro Villalba, Maria-Eugenia Miranda-Carus, Eugenio De Miguel, Patricia Bogas, Ana Castilla-Plaza, Miguel Bernad-Pineda, Elena García-Lorenzo, Tamara Rodríguez-Araya, Alejandro Balsa
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The recent global expansion of routine adolescent vaccination programmes has the potential to protect young people against the acquisition of infectious disease and improve their health. Although in many countries the legal framework supports young people to provide consent for medical interventions if they are considered competent, written parental consent can act as a barrier to uptake as it is frequently a condition of adolescent vaccination programmes. The aim of this systematic review protocol is to document the methods which will be used to identify, appraise and synthesise the available qualitative and quantitative evidence to address: (1) whether implementation of adolescent self-consent procedures can increase vaccination uptake and (2) the barriers and facilitators to implementation of adolescent self-consent procedures. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> Comprehensive search strategy of all relevant electronic databases for both qualitative and quantitative studies using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. At least two authors will independently review titles and abstracts, extract data and assess the methodological quality of eligible primary studies, resolving disagreements by consensus. Quantitative studies will be reported narratively and where possible pooled in a meta-analysis using a random-effects model. The findings of qualitative primary studies will be extracted, interpreted and synthesised to identify overarching themes as well as similarities and differences within those themes. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> As this systematic review involves analysis of secondary data, the study does not require ethical approvals. We will use our findings to assess whether the evidence supports the hypothesis that self-consent procedures can increase coverage of adolescent vaccination programmes. We will identify barriers and facilitators to the implementation of adolescent self-consent for vaccination and make recommendations for policy makers and practitioners in relation to consent procedures within vaccination programmes for young people. <h3>PROSPERO registration number</h3> CRD42017084509.
GP who missed case of fatal Addison’s disease has suspension cut short after pleas from colleague
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

A GP who wrote misleading notes to minimise her error in failing to investigate a boy’s signs of deadly Addison’s disease has seen her suspension from the UK medical register cut short after a tribunal heard evidence that patients and colleagues missed her presence during the pandemic.

Joanne Rudling took the second of two calls that 12 year old Ryan Morse’s mother made to her Blaenau Gwent surgery on a Friday in December 2012, reporting high temperature, extreme drowsiness, and involuntary bowel movement. His genitals had turned black, the GP was told.

On the Monday she came to the office to learn that he …
Low recurrence rates for challenging squamous cell carcinomas using Mohs micrographic surgery with AE1/AE3 cytokeratin immunostaining
Authors: Leora Aizman, Christopher J. Miller, Allison M. Perz, Tess M. Lukowiak, Olivia G. Cohen, Eric Bean, Michaela K. Hitchner, Jeremy R. Etzkorn, Thuzar M. Shin, H. William Higgins, Cerrene N. Giordano, Justine V. Cohen, John T. Miura, Joseph F. Sobanko
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)