tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cases in Precision Medicine: The Role of Pharmacogenetics in Precision Prescribing
Authors: Bohan Lin, Wendy K. Chung
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

Pharmacogenetics may help physicians deliver individualized treatments based on how a person's genes affect a drug's effects and metabolism. This information can help prevent adverse events or improve drug efficacy by enabling the physician to optimize dosage or to avoid a medication with adverse reactions and to prescribe an alternative therapy. This article discusses the current clinical utility of pharmacogenetic testing in the context of a patient who requires anticoagulation with warfarin.
Abstract 113: ECLS Implementation by Emergency-Intensivist Physician for Refractory Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Lionel Lamhaut, Romain Jouffroy, Wulfran Bougouin, Michaela Soldan, Thibaut Deluze, Pascal Phillipe, Christelle Dagron, Kim An, Pierre Carli
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction -Refractory cardiac arrest (RCA) is defined by a persistant cardiac arrest after 20 to 30 minutes of ALS. ExtraCorporeal Life Support (ECLS) is an alternative therapy in selected situa...
PATIENT SATISFACTION AFTER THE REALIZATION OF AN ENDOSCOPY: A QUALITY CRITERIA IN OUR UNITS
Authors: N Fernández, L Amelia Cid, JA Arroyo Alonso, MJ Rial Fernández, MJ Hermida Perez, A Salgado, P Estevez, JI Rodríguez Prada
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

To determine the satisfaction level and to know the main quality problems that patient perceives after a endoscopy in gastrointestinal endoscopy unit, through a satisfaction test.
THE EFFECT OF SMALL BOWEL TRANSIT TIME ON THE DIAGNOSTIC YIELD OF PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED SMALL BOWEL CROHN'S
Authors: H Ahmed, A Al-Rifaie, B Uddin, K Kapur, E Said
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Small Bowel capsule endoscopy has a mentionable role in diagnosing and confirming small bowel crohn's disease. Small bowel transit time varies from minutes to hours between different individuals. We aimed to assess capsule endoscopy (CE) diagnostic yield (DY) and it's relation to small bowel transit time (SBTT) among patients undergoing the test for suspected small bowel (SB) crohn's.
Current Status of MRI and PET in the NCCN Guidelines for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Brandon R. Mason, James A. Eastham, Brian J. Davis, Lance A. Mynderse, Thomas J. Pugh, Richard J. Lee, Joseph E. Ippolito
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2019)

Prostate cancer (PCa) represents a significant source of morbidity and mortality for men in the United States, with approximately 1 in 9 being diagnosed with PCa in their lifetime. The role of imaging in the evaluation of men with PCa has evolved and currently plays a central role in diagnosis, treatment planning, and evaluation of recurrence. Appropriate use of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and MRI-guided transrectal ultrasound (MR-TRUS) biopsy increases the detection of clinically significant PCa while decreasing the detection of clinically insignificant PCa. This process may help patients with clinically insignificant PCa avoid the adverse effects of unnecessary therapy. In the setting of a known PCa, patients with low-grade disease can be observed using active surveillance, which often includes a combination of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, serial mpMRI, and, if indicated, follow-up systematic and targeted TRUS-guided tissue sampling. mpMRI can provide important information in the posttreatment setting, but PET/CT is creating a paradigm shift in imaging standards for patients with locally recurrent and metastatic PCa. This article examines the strengths and limitations of mpMRI for initial PCa diagnosis, active surveillance, recurrent disease evaluation, and image-guided biopsies, and the use of PET/CT imaging in men with recurrent PCa. The goal of this review is to provide a rational basis for current NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology for PCa as they pertain to the use of these advanced imaging modalities.
CORRELATION BETWEEN ENDOSCOPIC FEATURES AND HISTOLOGICAL SUBTYPES OF SMALL INTESTINAL LYMPHOMAS
Authors: Y Ueno, M Fukushima, S Morita, S Inoue, T Inokuma
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

A small intestine is a common involved site of malignant lymphomas. With the development of double-balloon endoscopy (DBE), we can evaluate features and take biopsy from small intestinal lymphomas (SIL) less invasively. We investigated the correlation between endoscopic features and histological subtypes of SIL.
Trends in global health financing
Authors: Marco Schäferhoff, Sebastian Martinez, Osondu Ogbuoji, Miriam Lewis Sabin, Gavin Yamey
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Three recent reports give us a good picture of global health spending.In December 2018, the World Health Organization updated its global health expenditure database, providing country expenditures up to 2016. 1 In the same month, the development assistance committee of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) released new data on official development assistance for health, which are now available up to 2017. 2 In January 2019, Policy Cures Research published its latest g-finder survey, tracking global spending on product development for neglected diseases up to 2017. 3 These three data sources allow us to examine trends in domestic and donor financing for health and assess whether the world is on track to mobilise the financing needed to reach the health targets set out in the third sustainable development goal (SDG 3), which includes achieving universal health coverage.
CELIAC DISEASE AND DOUBLE-BALLOON ENTEROSCOPY: WHAT WE NEED FOR?
Authors: G Sirin, A Erkan Duman, S Hülagü
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Indications to double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) are currently not standardized in celiac disease (CD). We aimed to investigate the role and value of this modality in the diagnosis and treatment of CD and resistant celiac disease (RCD) prospectively.
HIGH DEFINITION WHITE-LIGHT COLONOSCOPY VERSUS CHROMOENDOSCOPY FOR SURVEILLANCE OF LYNCH SYNDROME. A MULTICENTER, RANDOMIZED, PARALLEL, AND NON-INFERIORITY STUDY (ENDOLYNCH STUDY)
Authors: L Rivero-Sánchez, C Arnau-Collell, J Herrero, D Remedios, V Alvarez, E Albéniz, P Calvo, J Gordillo, I Puig, J López-Vicente, A Huerta, M López-Cerón, I Salces, B Peñas, S Parejo, M Herraiz, A Gimeno, E Saperas, C Álvarez, L Moreno, C Rodriguez de Miguel, M Díaz, T Ocaña, L Moreira, M Cuatrecasas, S Carballal, A Sánchez, G Jung, O Ortiz, A Gavric, J Llach, F Balaguer, M Pellisé
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Adenomas in Lynch syndrome (LS) have an accelerated progression to colorectal cancer. Despite low evidence, clinical guidelines recommend using high-definition and pan-chromoendoscopy (CE) for surveillance in LS. We aimed to compare the adenoma detection rate (ADR) between high-definition white-light endoscopy (WLE) and CE in individuals with LS.
Knockdown of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha by tumor targeted delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 system suppressed the metastasis of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Man Li, Hanbing Xie, Yingke Liu, Chunyu Xia, Xingli Cun, Yang Long, Xiaoxiao Chen, Miao Deng, Rong Guo, Zhirong Zhang, Qin He
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2019)
UTILITY OF DOUBLE BALLOON ENTEROSCOPY FOR THE EVALUATION OF OBSCURE GI BLEEDING IN PATIENTS WITH SURGICALLY ALTERED UPPER GI TRACT ANATOMY
Authors: A Martinez-Alcala, S Peter, K Mönkemüller
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

To evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic utility of double balloon enteorscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with surgically altered upper GI tract anatomy.
Effect of the PCSK9 Inhibitor Evolocumab on Total Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Sabina A. Murphy, Terje R. Pedersen, Zbigniew A. Gaciong, Richard Ceska, Marat V. Ezhov, Derek L. Connolly, J. Wouter Jukema, Kalman Toth, Matti J. Tikkanen, Kyungah Im, Stephen D. Wiviott, Christopher E. Kurtz, Narimon Honarpour, Robert P. Giugliano, Anthony C. Keech, Peter S. Sever, Marc S. Sabatine
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2019)

The PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and first cardiovascular events in the Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research With PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects With Elevated Risk (FOURIER) trial, but patients remain at high risk of recurrent cardiovascular events.To evaluate the effect of evolocumab on total cardiovascular events, given the importance of total number of cardiovascular events to patients, clinicians, and health economists.Secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. The FOURIER trial compared evolocumab or matching placebo and followed up patients for a median of 2.2 years. The study included 27 564 patients with stable atherosclerotic disease receiving statin therapy. Data were analyzed between May 2017 and February 2019.The primary end point (PEP) was time to first cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina, or coronary revascularization; the key secondary end point was time to first cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. In a prespecified analysis, total cardiovascular events were evaluated between treatment arms.The mean age of patients was 63 years, 69% of patients were taking high-intensity statin therapy, and the median LDL-C at baseline was 92 mg/dL (to convert to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0259). There were 2907 first PEP events and 4906 total PEP events during the trial. Evolocumab reduced total PEP events by 18% (incidence rate ratio [RR], 0.82; 95% CI, 0.75-0.90; P < .001) including both first events (hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.79-0.92; P < .001) and subsequent events (RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.65-0.85). There were 2192 total primary events in the evolocumab group and 2714 total events in the placebo group. For every 1000 patients treated for 3 years, evolocumab prevented 22 first PEP events and 52 total PEP events. Reductions in total events were driven by fewer total myocardial infarctions (RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.65-0.84; P < .001), strokes (RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64-0.93; P = .007), and coronary revascularizations (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.71-0.87; P < .001).The addition of the PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab to statin therapy improved clinical outcomes, with significant reductions in total PEP events, driven by decreases in myocardial infarction, stroke, and coronary revascularization. More than double the number of events were prevented with evolocumab vs placebo as compared with the analysis of only first events. These data provide further support for the benefit of continuing aggressive lipid-lowering therapy to prevent recurrent cardiovascular events.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01764633.
Abstract 16741: Treatment of Metabolic Acidosis in Chronic Kidney Disease Improves Cardiovascular Risk Profile and Reduces Overall Health Care Costs
Authors: Nim Goraya, Yolanda Munoz-Maldonado, Jan Simoni, Donald E Wesson
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk that is further elevated by metabolic acidosis. Nevertheless, it is unknown if treatment of metabo...
ACHALASIA: ENDOSCOPIC DILATATION RESULTS AND PREDICTIVE FACTORS OF FAILURE
Authors: A Ouni, L Hamzaoui, B Hasnaoui, A Khsiba, M Medhioub, M Mahmoudi, M Msadak Azouz
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Achalasia is a primary motor disorder of the esophagus. Its treatment consists of decreasing the pressure at the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Pneumatic dilatation is an efficient therapeutic method compared to surgery. The aim of our work is to study the results of endoscopic dilatation and to identify the predictive factors of failure.
EUS-GUIDED LOCATION AND REMOVAL OF A BURIED LUMEN-APPOSING METAL STENT WITHIN THE GASTRIC MUCOSA
Authors: M Bozhychko, C Mangas-Sanjuan, L Compañy, FA Ruiz, J Martínez Sempere, JA Casellas, J Ramón Aparicio
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) placement has become the first-line management of pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) at many centers. LAMs has also shown to be safe and effective for endoscopic transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts (PP) and walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WON). However, its long-term safety profile is not fully established. Our aim was to describe a clinical case of a LAMS buried within the gastric mucosa that was located and removed by EUS.
Abstract 18846: Heart Rate Reserve, a Prognostic Marker for Heart Failure Hospitalizations and Adverse Outcomes
Authors: Shivank A Madan, Nadav Nahumi, Luis Garcia, Kevin Gentile, Jimmy Duong, Mohammed Algodi, David Sweet, Andrea Mignatti, Gabriel Sayer, Paolo C Colombo, Sunu S Thomas, Nir Uriel, Ulrich Jorde
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Heart Failure hospitalization (HFH) is a major clinical event and economic burden. Heart Rate Reserve (HRR), a marker of chronotropic incompetence is associated with mortality, but its prognostic value in HF progression is unknown. Methods: In this multi-center study, HF patients with NYHA class 2-3, in sinus rhythm, on stable medical therapy underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) from 2008-2013 at Columbia University Medical Center and were prospectively followed for 3 endpoints: HFH, inotrope dependence or worse, and heart replacement therapy or death (HRT-D). Various clinical variables including HRR were evaluated and included in risk score models. The models with highest significance were validated in an independent cohort from Montefiore Medical Center Results: In the derivative cohort of 135 patients, low pVO2, HRR, and LVEF were significantly associated with all 3 endpoints. Using ROC analysis, HRR&lt;45% was equivalent to pVO2&lt;14 ml/kg/min in predicting all outcomes. The model using LVEF&lt;30%, pVO2&lt;14 ml/kg/min and HRR&lt;45% as binary cut-offs (total score: 0-3) was able to stratify patients into different risk strata for freedom from HFH (p&lt;0.001, Fig-1), freedom from inotrope dependence or worse (p&lt;0.001) and from HRT-D (p&lt;0.001, Fig-2) at 1 year. A simpler model using LVEF&lt;30% and HRR&lt;45% (total score: 0-2) was also able to risk stratify patients (p&lt;0.001). These results were validated in an independent cohort of 294 patients. Conclusions: HRR is a strong predictor of outcomes in advanced HF. If a metabolic cart is unavailable, a simple risk score using HRR&lt;45% and LVEF&lt;30% alone can help clinicians identify patients at highest risk for HFH.
Cost-effectiveness of intrapleural use of tissue plasminogen activator and DNase in pleural infection: evidence from the MIST2 randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ramon Luengo-Fernandez, Erika Penz, Melissa Dobson, Ioannis Psallidas, Andrew J. Nunn, Nick A. Maskell, Najib M. Rahman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2019)

The MIST2 (Second Multicentre Intrapleural Sepsis Trial) trial showed that combined intrapleural use of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and recombinant human DNase was effective when compared with single agents or placebo. However, the treatment costs are significant and overall cost-effectiveness of combined therapy remains unclear. An economic evaluation of the MIST2 trial was performed to assess the cost-effectiveness of combined therapy. Costs included were those related to study medications, initial hospital stay and subsequent hospitalisations. Outcomes were measured in terms of life-years gained. All costs were reported in euro and in 2016 prices. Mean annual costs were lowest in the t-PA–DNase group (EUR 10 605 for t-PA, EUR 17 856 for DNase, EUR 13 483 for placebo and EUR 7248 for t-PA–DNase; p=0.209). Mean 1-year life expectancy was 0.988 for t-PA, 0.923 for DNase, and 0.969 for both placebo and t-PA–DNase (p=0.296). Both DNase and placebo were less effective, in terms of life-years gained, and more costly than t-PA. When placebo was compared with t-PA–DNase, the incremental cost per life-year gained of placebo was EUR 1.6 billion, with a probability of 0.85 of t-PA–DNase being cost-effective. This study demonstrates that combined t-PA–DNase is likely to be highly cost-effective. In light of this evidence, a definitive trial designed to facilitate a thorough economic evaluation is warranted to provide further evidence on the cost-effectiveness of this promising combined intervention.
Surrogate Decision Making for Incarcerated Patients
Authors: Sara Scarlet, Erin S. DeMartino, Mark Siegler
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2019)

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A MULTICENTER STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE OF EOSINOPHILIC ESOPHAGITIS IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AMONG ADULTS UNDERGOING UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY
Authors: V Kaibysheva, S Kashin, S Pirogov, Z Galkova, A Gasanov, E Mayat, E Fedorov, R Kuvaev, N Vidyaeva, S Shapovaliantc, E Nikonov
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in the central region of the Russian Federation among adult patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal (UGI) due to upper gastrointestinal symptoms.
Pittsburgh Compound-B Uptake in Meningioma With Histopathologic Correlation
Authors: Shuhei Doi, Nobuo Kashiwagi, Takao Satou, Hayato Kaida, Kazunari Ishi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Abstract Previous studies have reported increased Pittsburgh compound-B (PiB) uptake in meningiomas; however, histological correlation to elucidate the underlying mechanism has not yet been done. We report a case of an 82-year-old woman with an incidental intracranial tumor that showed focal increased PiB uptake. Because of tumor growth, surgical resection was performed, yielding a histological diagnosis of meningioma. Any special and immunochemical staining for amyloid did not reveal amyloid deposition in the tumor. Our findings suggest that increased PiB uptake was not associated with amyloid in this instance.
Breaking a taboo: why the International Olympic Committee convened experts to develop a consensus statement on mental health in elite athletes
Authors: Brian Hainline, Claudia L Reardon
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2019)

Mental health symptoms and disorders are ubiquitous in society and are too often underdiagnosed and undermanaged—or worse, ignored. We speak of mental health symptoms and disorders as if they are somehow separate from other ‘physical’ symptoms, injuries and illnesses. Mental health symptoms and disorders and other physical symptoms, injuries and illnesses are intertwined yet artificially separated by diagnostic criteria that perpetuate a mind–body dualism. This dualism ignores brain circuits and the human being. Although clinicians are constrained to work within the current established criteria for mental health symptoms and disorders, they must also be mindful of a broader interconnectedness: mental health symptoms and disorders increase the risk of injury, delay recovery following injury and impair athletic performance, while injury and poor athletic performance often trigger mental health symptoms and disorders, especially depression and anxiety.1–10 Physiology and perception are one.

Even though elite athletes live in a culture of being ‘tough’ and ‘looking fit’, they suffer from many mental health symptoms and disorders at rates similar to those of the general population.11 12 The incidence of eating disorders and some substance use disorders in elite athletes exceed those in the general population.13–23 Sport-specific stressors and environmental factors, including psychological, physical or sexual abuse,24 injury,25 barriers to mental …
Abstract 1860: DNA-PK-mediated transcriptional regulation drives tumor progression and metastasis
Authors: Jonathan F. Goodwin, Vishal Kothari, Justin M. Drake, Shuang Zhao, Emanuela Dylgjeri, Jeffry L. Dean, Matthew J. Schiewer, Christopher McNair, Michael S. Magee, Robert B. Den, Ziqi Zhu, Nicholas A. Graham, Ajay A. Vashisht, James A. Wohlschlegel, Thomas G. Graeber, R Jeffrey Karnes, Mandeep Takhar, Elai Davicioni, Scott A. Tomlins, Nima Sharifi, Owen N. Witte, Felix Y. Feng, Karen E. Knudsen
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Emerging evidence demonstrates that the DNA repair kinase DNA-PK exerts divergent roles in transcriptional regulation of unsolved consequence. Here, in vitro and in vivo interrogation demonstrate that DNA-PK functions as a selective modulator of transcriptional networks that induce cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Accordingly, suppression of DNA-PK inhibits tumor metastases. Clinical assessment revealed that DNA-PK is significantly elevated in advanced disease, and independently predicts for metastases, recurrence, and reduced overall survival. Further investigation demonstrated that DNA-PK in advanced tumors is highly activated, independently of DNA damage indicators. Combined, these findings put forth new paradigms for DNA-PK function, identify DNA-PK as a potent driver of tumor progression and metastases, and nominate DNA-PK as a therapeutic target for advanced malignancies. Citation Format: Jonathan F. Goodwin, Vishal Kothari, Justin M. Drake, Shuang Zhao, Emanuela Dylgjeri, Jeffry L. Dean, Matthew J. Schiewer, Christopher McNair, Michael S. Magee, Robert B. Den, Ziqi Zhu, Nicholas A. Graham, Ajay A. Vashisht, James A. Wohlschlegel, Thomas G. Graeber, R Jeffrey Karnes, Mandeep Takhar, Elai Davicioni, Scott A. Tomlins, Nima Sharifi, Owen N. Witte, Felix Y. Feng, Karen E. Knudsen. DNA-PK-mediated transcriptional regulation drives tumor progression and metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1860. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1860
ENDOSCOPIC TRANSORAL FUNDOPLICATION WITH MUSE FOR GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE: RESULTS OF A SINGLE CENTER STUDY
Authors: F D'Aversa, P Familiari, R Landi, F Mangiola, V Bove, V Perri, A Gasbarrini, G Costamagna
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

This retrospective, chart review of prospectively collected data evaluates the clinical outcomes of patients who were treated with MUSE for GERD in a single center.