tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sex, gender, and sports
Authors: Cara Tannenbaum, Sheree Bekker
Journal: BMJ (2019)

New regulations challenge the evidence based, benevolent ethos that underlies medical practice In 2018, the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) introduced new eligibility regulations for female athletes with differences of sex development, including those with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen insensitivity syndrome, and 5α-reductase deficiency (box 1).1 The regulations are based on the contention that women with high levels of endogenous testosterone and androgen sensitivity have a performance advantage over their peers. Athletics South Africa and Mokgadi Caster Semenya, the South African runner who won Olympic gold medals in 2012 and 2016, are contesting the legality of the new regulations. Box 1 ### IAAF eligibility regulations for female athletes with differences of sex development1RETURN TO TEXT
Chemotherapy Costs and 21-Gene Recurrence Score Genomic Testing Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Early-Stage Breast Cancer, 2005 to 2011
Authors: Michaela A. Dinan, Lauren E. Wilson, Shelby D. Reed
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2019)

Background: This study examined whether associations between 21-gene recurrence score (RS) genomic testing and lower costs among patients with early-stage, estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer are observable in real-world data from the Medicare population. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using SEER-Medicare data for a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed from 2005 through 2011. The main outcomes were associations between RS testing and overall and chemotherapy-specific costs. The primary analysis was restricted to patients aged 66 to 75 years. Results: The primary analysis comprised 30,058 patients. Mean costs 1 year after diagnosis were $35,940 [SD, $28,894] overall, $51,127 [33,386] for clinically high-risk disease, $33,225 [$27,711] for intermediate-risk disease, and $26,695 [$19,532] for low-risk disease. Chemotherapy-specific costs followed similar trends. In multivariable analyses, RS testing was associated with significantly lower costs among high-risk patients in terms of both relative costs (cost ratio, 0.88; 99% CI, 0.82–0.94) and absolute costs ($6,606; 99% CI, $39,223–$9,290). Higher costs among low-risk and intermediate-risk patients were mainly caused by higher noncancer costs. In sensitivity analyses that included all patients aged ≥66 years (N=64,996), associations between RS testing and costs among high-risk patients were similar but less pronounced because of lower overall use of chemotherapy. Conclusions: RS testing was associated with lower overall and chemotherapy-related costs in patients with high-risk disease, consistent with lower chemotherapy use among these patients. Higher overall costs for patients with intermediate-risk and low-risk disease were driven largely by non–treatment-related costs.
David Oliver: The revolving door to the NHS lobby
Authors: David Oliver
Journal: BMJ (2019)

In January the chief digital officer for NHS England, Juliet Bauer, left to take up a role at a Swedish digital start-up company. The company, called Kry (Livi in the UK), has developed a video consultation app and has partnered with general practices in England.1

That same month the Financial Times reported that Bauer had written a national newspaper article extolling the virtues of Kry’s app without disclosing that the company had already hired her (the piece was eventually amended to clarify the matter).23 Meg Hillier, chair of the House of Commons Public Accounts Committee, described Bauer’s action in writing the article as “brazen” and “jaw-droppingly inappropriate.”3 Bauer was then “reminded” that she could not lobby government agencies for six months after leaving NHS England.4 Before her appointment …
Brexit: GP leaders plead for government to “sort it out” to protect patients
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2019)

The UK government must take immediate steps to mitigate the “devastating” effect that Brexit may have on delivering healthcare in the UK and particularly the unique situation in Northern Ireland, local medical committee (LMC) leaders have urged.

The call was made in a motion passed unanimously by the annual conference of UK LMCs, held in Belfast on 20 March. It was proposed by a Northern Ireland GP, Frances O’Hagan, who highlighted the particularly serious problems facing GPs in the province. …
Care After Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma—Reply
Authors: Hao Xing, Xin-Fei Xu, Tian Yang
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Phage therapy: What factors shape phage pharmacokinetics and bioavailability? Systematic and critical review
Authors: Krystyna Dąbrowska
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2019)

Abstract Bacteriophages are not forgotten viruses anymore: scientists and practitioners seek to understand phage pharmacokinetics in animals and humans, investigating bacteriophages as therapeutics, nanocarriers or microbiome components. This review provides a comprehensive overview of factors that determine phage circulation, penetration, and clearance, and that in consequence determine phage applicability for medicine. It makes use of experimental data collected by the phage community so far (PubMed 1924‐2016, including non‐English reports), combining elements of critical and systematic review. This study covers phage ability to enter a system by various routes of administration, how (and if) the phage may access various tissues and organs, and finally what mechanisms determine the courses of phage clearance. The systematic review method was applied to analyze (i) phage survival in the gut (gut transit) and (ii) phage ability to enter the mammalian system by many administration routes. Aspects that have not yet been covered by a sufficient number of reports for mathematical analysis, as well as mechanisms underlying trends, are discussed in the form of a critical review. In spite of the extraordinary diversity of bacteriophages and possible phage applications, the analysis revealed that phage morphology, phage specificity, phage dose, presence of sensitive bacteria or the characteristics of treated individuals (age, taxonomy) may affect phage bioavailability in animals and humans. However, once phages successfully enter the body, they reach most organs, including the central nervous system. Bacteriophages are cleared mainly by the immune system: innate immunity removes phages even when no specific response to bacteriophages has yet developed.
Notice of Retraction and Replacement: Ecker et al. Association between the probability of autism spectrum disorder and normative sex-related phenotypic diversity in brain structure. <i>JAMA Psychiatry</i>. 2017;74(4):329-338
Authors: Christine Ecker
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2019)

Notice of Retraction and Replacement: Ecker et al. Association between the probability of autism spectrum disorder and normative sex-related phenotypic diversity in brain structure. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017;74(4):329-338
Assessment of Sleep Disturbances and Exhaustion in Mothers of Children With Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Faustine D. Ramirez, Shelley Chen, Sinéad M. Langan, Aric A. Prather, Charles E. McCulloch, Sharon A. Kidd, Michael D. Cabana, Mary-Margaret Chren, Katrina Abuabara
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2019)

<h3>Importance</h3> The well-being and development of children is strongly influenced by parents’ physical and psychosocial health. Data from small, clinic-based studies suggest that sleep loss may be common in parents of children with atopic dermatitis (AD), but longitudinal population-based studies are lacking. <h3>Objectives</h3> To compare sleep disturbances over time between mothers of children with and without AD and to determine whether these disturbances are associated with the child’s disease severity and the child’s sleep disturbances. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> In the ongoing Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, all pregnant women residing in Avon, United Kingdom, with an expected delivery date between April 1, 1991, and December 31, 1992, were recruited. Analyses for this study, a secondary analysis of this cohort, were performed from September 2017 to September 2018. Mother-child pairs were followed up with a time-varying measure of child AD activity and severity and self-reported maternal sleep measures repeated at multiple time points between child ages 6 months and 11 years. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Time-varying binary measures of maternal sleep duration (&lt;6 vs ≥6 hours per night), difficulty falling asleep, early morning awakening, subjectively insufficient sleep, and daytime exhaustion. <h3>Results</h3> The study followed up 13 988 mother-child pairs from birth for a median duration of 11 (interquartile range, 7-11) years. Among the cohort, 11 585 of 13 972 mothers (82.9%) were aged 21 to 34 years and 12 001 of 12 324 (97.4%) were of white race/ethnicity; 7220 of 13 978 children (51.7%) were male. Sleep duration (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.09; 95% CI, 0.90-1.32) and early morning awakenings (AOR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.93-1.46) were similar between mothers of children with and without AD. In contrast, mothers of children with AD were more likely to report difficulty falling asleep (AOR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.01-1.83), subjectively insufficient sleep (AOR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.24-1.66), and daytime exhaustion (AOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.12-1.78) independent of the child’s comorbid asthma and/or allergic rhinitis. For all measures, worse child AD severity was associated with worse maternal sleep outcomes. The magnitude and significance of the associations were largely unchanged after adjustment for child sleep disturbances. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Mothers of children with AD reported difficulty falling asleep, subjectively insufficient sleep, and daytime exhaustion throughout the first 11 years of childhood. However, child sleep disturbances did not fully explain maternal sleep disturbances, and future research should investigate other mechanisms. In caring for children with AD, clinicians should consider maternal sleep disturbances and caregiver fatigue.
Shear-Induced CCN1 Promotes Atheroprone Endothelial Phenotypes and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Pei-Ling Hsu, Jheng-Sin Chen, Chin-Yung Wang, Hua-Lin Wu, Fan-E Mo
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Atherosclerosis occurs preferentially at the blood vessels encountering blood flow turbulence. The matricellular protein CCN1 is induced in endothelial cells by disturbed flow, and is expressed in advanced atherosclerotic lesions in patients and in the Apoe-/- mouse model. The role of CCN1 in atherosclerosis remains undefined.To assess the function of CCN1 in vivo, knock-in mice carrying the integrin α6β1-binding-defective mutant allele Ccn1-dm on the Apoe-/- background were tested in an atherosclerosis model generated by carotid artery ligation. Additionally, CCN1-regulated functional phenotypes of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, or primary mouse aortic endothelial cells isolated from wild-type and Ccn1 dm/dm mice, were investigated in the in vitro shear stress experiments under unidirectional laminar shear stress (12 dyn/cm2) versus oscillatory shear stress (±5 dyn/cm2) conditions.We found that Ccn1 expression was upregulated in the arterial endothelium 3 days after ligation before any detectable structural changes, and intensified with the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Compared with Apoe-/- controls, Ccn1 dm/dm/ Apoe-/- mice were remarkably resistant to ligation-induced plaque formation (n=6). These mice exhibited lower oxidative stress, expression of endothelin-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and monocyte homing. CCN1/α6β1 critically mediated flow-induced activation of the pleiotropic transcription factor nuclear factor-κB and therefore the induction of atheroprone gene expression in the mouse arterial endothelium after ligation (n=6), or in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells or primary mouse aortic endothelial cells exposed to oscillatory shear stress (n=3 in triplicate). Interestingly, the activation of nuclear factor-κB by CCN1/α6β1 signaling prompted more production of CCN1 and α6β1. Blocking CCN1-α6β1 binding by the Ccn1-dm mutation or by T1 peptide (derived from an α6β1-binding sequence of CCN1) disrupted the positive-feedback regulation between CCN1/α6β1 and nuclear factor-κB, and prevented flow-induced atheroprone phenotypic alterations in endothelial cells or atherosclerosis in mice.These data demonstrate a causative role of CCN1 in atherosclerosis via modulating endothelial phenotypes. CCN1 binds to its receptor integrin α6β1 to activate nuclear factor-κB, thereby instigating a vicious circle to persistently promote atherogenesis. T1, a peptide antagonist selectively targeting CCN1-α6β1, can be further optimized for developing T1-mimetics to treat atherosclerosis.
Genome-Wide Interrogation of Human Cancers Identifies EGLN1 Dependency in Clear Cell Ovarian Cancers
Authors: Colles Price, Stanley Gill, Zandra V. Ho, Shawn M. Davidson, Erin Merkel, James M. McFarland, Lisa Leung, Andrew Tang, Maria Kost-Alimova, Aviad Tsherniak, Oliver Jonas, Francisca Vazquez, William C. Hahn
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract We hypothesized that candidate dependencies for which there are small molecules that are either approved or in advanced development for a nononcology indication may represent potential therapeutic targets. To test this hypothesis, we performed genome-scale loss-of-function screens in hundreds of cancer cell lines. We found that knockout of EGLN1, which encodes prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 (PHD2), reduced the proliferation of a subset of clear cell ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro. EGLN1-dependent cells exhibited sensitivity to the pan-EGLN inhibitor FG-4592. The response to FG-4592 was reversed by deletion of HIF1A, demonstrating that EGLN1 dependency was related to negative regulation of HIF1A. We also found that ovarian clear cell tumors susceptible to both genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of EGLN1 required intact HIF1A. Collectively, these observations identify EGLN1 as a cancer target with therapeutic potential. Significance: These findings reveal a differential dependency of clear cell ovarian cancers on EGLN1, thus identifying EGLN1 as a potential therapeutic target in clear cell ovarian cancer patients.
Serving Individuals and Populations Within Integrated Health Systems
Authors: Hamilton Moses, David H. M. Matheson, George Poste
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Correlations between p16 Protein Expression and Genomic Profile in Mantle Cell Lymphoma and Impact on Survival, a Lyma-Genomic Project Conducted on Behalf of the Lysa Group
Authors: Yannick LE Bris, Danielle Canioni, Barbara Burroni, Anne Moreau, Benoit Tessoulin, Florence Magrangeas, Marie-Helene Delfau, Catherine Thieblemont, Lucie Oberic, Krimo Bouabdallah, Emmanuel Gyan, David Chiron, Catherine Pellat-deceunynck, Mary Callanan, Stephane Minvielle, Marie C Bene, Olivier Hermine, Steven Le Gouill
Journal: Blood (2018)
Maternal and perinatal mortality and complications associated with caesarean section in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Soha Sobhy, David Arroyo-Manzano, Nilaani Murugesu, Gayathri Karthikeyan, Vinoth Kumar, Inderjeet Kaur, Evita Fernandez, Sirisha Rao Gundabattula, Ana Pilar Betran, Khalid Khan, Javier Zamora, Shakila Thangaratinam
Journal: The Lancet (2019)
Abstract 15385: Exosomes Derived From Bioengineered Stem Cells Have a Major Impact on Regeneration of Ischemic Myocardium
Authors: Min Gong, Min Wang, Jiapeng Wang, Yigang Wang, Muhammad Ashraf, Meifeng Xu
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Hypothesis: We hypothesized that exosomes (EXO) released from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) engineered with GATA-4 (MSCGATA-4) have superior ability to regenerate ischemic myocardium through nature of their contents. Methods and results: EXO were isolated from MSCGATA-4 (ExoGATA-4) and from MSCs transfected with vector-empty controls (Exonull). 1) Co-culture with EXO under hypoxia significantly protected cardiomyocytes (CM) against hypoxic (48 h) injury and reduced CM senescence caused by serum free medium for 3 wks (Fig. A1). Mature CM proliferation was markedly increased after 7 days co-culture (Fig. A2). 2) The formation of tube-like structure in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was prominent after being treated with EXO for 16 h (Fig. B1). 3) Blood flow and the number of CD31 positive cells were increased in Matrigel containing EXO which were subcutaneously transplanted into mice for 7 days (Fig. B3). 4) Left ventricular function was improved and infarct size was reduced after intra-myo...
US county bars unvaccinated children from public spaces amid measles emergency
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2019)

In the face of a six month measles outbreak, Rockland County in New York has declared a state of emergency and banned unvaccinated children under 18 from schools, stores, restaurants, and houses of worship. Outdoor spaces such as playgrounds are not included.

County executive Ed Day announced the ban at a press conference on 26 March “to prevent any more children from falling ill with this dangerous disease. Anyone who is under 18 years of age and is unvaccinated against measles will be barred from public places until the declaration expires in …
Plaque control and reduction of gingivitis: The evidence for dentifrices
Authors: Cees Valkenburg, Fridus A. Van der Weijden, Dagmar E. Slot
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2019)

This paper focuses on plaque control and the management of gingivitis in adults and summarizes the evidence of commercially available dentifrices as gathered from existing systematic reviews. Three internet sources were used to search for appropriate papers (up to and including February 2017). The search strategy was designed to include any systematic review published on dentifrices that also included an evaluation of plaque and gingivitis scores. Characteristics of the individual reviews, such as methodological aspects, quantitative data and conclusions, were extracted. The potential risk of bias was estimated and the acquired evidence was graded. Independent screening of 205 unique reviews resulted in 10 published and eligible systematic reviews. One publication evaluated the mechanical contribution of dentifrice to plaque removal. Eight papers were identified that evaluated the efficacy of a proposed single active ingredients, of which two reviewed more than one potentially active ingredient. One study compared two active ingredients. This meta-review appraised the current state of evidence and found that toothbrushing with a standard fluoride dentifrice does not provide an added effect for the mechanical removal of dental plaque. Evidence suggests that compared with a standard dentifrice, those containing triclosan or stannous fluoride have benefits with respect to gingival health and control of dental plaque.
Tibial growth plate diameters in X-linked hypophosphatemic mice Effects of 22-oxacalcitriol and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3
Authors: K. Latta, J. C. M. Chan, A MeyerRalph, S. Hisano, A. L. Friedman, M. C. Chobanian
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1993)
Abstract 20490: Outcomes of Left Main Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Infarct-Related Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Uwe Zeymer, Mathias Hochadel, Ralf Zahn
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: An early invasive strategy with subsequent revascularization is recommended for patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. Little is known about the frequency, success rate and clinical outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the left main stem in patients with cardiogenic shock. We therefore analysed a large data base of consecutive patients with PCI for cardiogenic shock. Methods: We used the data base of the ALKK-PCI registry with consecutive interventions of 41 hospitals. Baseline characteristics, procedural features, antithrombotic therapies and hospital outcomes were prospectively collected and centrally analyse. Patients with STEMI or NSTEMI and cardiogenic shock undergoing PCI were divide into three groups: unprotected left main PCI, protected left main PCI and PCI of other coronary arteries. Results: Between 2009 and 2014 a total of consecutive 2405 PCIs for cardiogenic shock were performed in 41 hospitals. Of these 280 (11.6 %) were d...
Screening for atrial fibrillation: one size does not fit all
Authors: Robert J MacFadyen
Journal: BMJ (2019)

The association between atrial fibrillation and thromboembolism is not as simple as portrayed.1 Labelling epiphenomena of heart ageing as illness is risky when causality in a complex confounded statistical association (stroke with chronic atrial fibrillation) is linked to defining the point at which anticoagulation reduces or defers recurrent injury and death. Stroke in chronic atrial fibrillation is not always thromboembolic, and anticoagulation reduces but does not eliminate stroke. Anticoagulation also causes death due to bleeding in a minority of cases, which are not reliably …
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is an important growing indication for liver transplantation in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Luis C. Bertot, Gary P. Jeffrey, Luc D. Delriviere, Geoff McCaughan, Michael Crawford, Peter W. Angus, Robert M. Jones, Edward J. Gane, Stephen Munn, Graeme A. Macdonald, Jonathan Fawcett, Alan J. Wigg, John Chen, Leon A. Adams
Journal: Hepatology (2017)