tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New Research on Influenza: Studies with Normal Volunteers
Authors: Vernon Knight, Julius A. Kasel, Robert H. Alford, Frank Loda, J. Anthony Morris, Fred M. Davenport, Roslyn Q. Robinson, Edward L. Buescher
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Excerpt Dr. Vernon Knight: Today's conference will consist of a description of three investigations of influenza in normal volunteers at the Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health. Dr. Juli...
ARE ENDOSCOPISTS GOOD AND CONFIDENT AT ERCP FLUOROSCOPIC IMAGE INTERPRETATION?
Authors: T Keen, M Wright, P Patel, B Stedman, N Tehami
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims The aim of this audit was to determine whether there was discordance between reporting of ERCP fluoroscopic images by endoscopists and radiologists. Objectives included gauging endoscopists confidence and training at image interpretation.
Leukemia in Man Following Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
Authors: A. Bertrand Brill, Masanobu Tomonaga, Robert M. Heyssel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Excerpt The occurrence of leukemia in an individual with a history of previous exposure to ionizing radiation was first noted in 1911. Between that year and 1939 a total of 18 cases was reported, a...
Comparative Accuracy of Focused Cardiac Ultrasonography and Clinical Examination for Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Valvular Heart Disease
Authors: Jeffrey A. Marbach, Aws Almufleh, Pietro Di Santo, Richard Jung, Trevor Simard, Matthew McInnes, Jean-Paul Salameh, Trevor A. McGrath, Scott J. Millington, Gretchen Diemer, Frances Mae West, Marie-Cecile Domecq, Benjamin Hibbert
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

This meta-analysis examines the comparative accuracy of clinical assessment alone versus clinical assessment plus focused cardiac ultrasonography for diagnosing left ventricular dysfunction or valv...
A Staphylococcal Isolation Service
Authors: Ward E. Bullock, James W. Hall, Wesley W. Spink, Leon J. Damsky, Velvyl W. Greene, Donald Vesley, Henry Bauer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Excerpt An acknowledged essential for the control of staphylococcal cross-infections within a hospital environment is strict isolation of the patient with staphylococcal sepsis. This requirement is...
Plasma Cortisol, Aldosterone, and Ascorbic Acid Concentrations in Patients with Septic Shock Do Not Predict Treatment Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality. A Nested Cohort Study
Authors: Jeremy Cohen, Rinaldo Bellomo, Laurent Billot, Louise M. Burrell, David M. Evans, Simon Finfer, Naomi E. Hammond, Qiang Li, David Liu, Colin McArthur, Brett McWhinney, John Moore, John Myburgh, Sandra Peake, Carel Pretorius, Dorrilyn Rajbhandari, Andrew Rhodes, Manoj Saxena, Jacobus P. J. Ungerer, Morag J. Young, Balasubramanian Venkatesh
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)

Rationale: Whether biomarkers can identify subgroups of patients with septic shock with differential treatment responses to hydrocortisone is unknown.Objectives: To determine if there is heterogeneity in effect for hydrocortisone on mortality, shock resolution, and other clinical outcomes based on baseline cortisol, aldosterone, and ascorbic acid concentrations.Methods: From May 2014 to April 2017, we obtained serum samples from 529 patients with septic shock from 22 ICUs in Australia and New Zealand.Measurements and Main Results: There were no significant interactions between the association with 90-day mortality and treatment with either hydrocortisone or placebo for total cortisol (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.16 vs. OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.00-1.13; P = 0.70), free cortisol (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.04-1.38 vs. OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.02-1.32; P = 0.75), aldosterone (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97-1.05 vs. OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.98-1.04; P = 0.99), or ascorbic acid (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.89-1.39 vs. OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.91-1.22; P = 0.70), respectively. Similar results were observed for the association with shock resolution. Elevated free cortisol was significantly associated with 90-day mortality (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.00-1.27; P = 0.04), but total cortisol, aldosterone, and ascorbic acid were not.Conclusions: In patients with septic shock, there was no heterogeneity in effect of adjunctive hydrocortisone on mortality, shock resolution, or other clinical outcomes based on cortisol, aldosterone, and ascorbic acid concentrations. Plasma aldosterone and ascorbic acid concentrations are not associated with outcome.
EUS-GUIDED RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION OF RECURRENT PANCREATIC NON-FUNCTIONAL NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS AFTER DISTAL PANCREATECTOMY IN A PATIENT WITH MEN1
Authors: T Greener, A Dancour
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

A 48-year-old man with a history of MEN1 syndrome that underwent distal pancreatectomy for multiple pancreatic non-functional neuroendocrine tumors, was referred for EUS after a new lesion in segment 3 of the liver was detected on a 68-Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT scan, 18 months after surgery, while receiving Lanreotide. On EUS another 5 mm lesion was detected in head of pancreas.
ENDOSCOPIC FULL THICKNESS RESECTION OF A GASTRIC GIST
Authors: P Cecinato, S Grillo, F Bassi, G Sereni, M Lucarini, R Tomba, R Sassatelli
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

We report full thickness endoscopic resection of a 30mm gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the gastric body on the greater curvature in an asymptomatic 48-year-old man. Endoscopic ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration shown GIST without lymph node involvement. The resection was done with the patient under general anesthesia with orotracheal intubation. An Hybrid Knife T-type by Erbe was used. A complete full thickness resection was obtained and the muscular defect was closed with QuickClip Pro by Olympus. The procedure took place uneventfully, the patient was discharge the day after and the GIST resulted entirely removed.
Erratum: Genome variation and evolution of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (Nature Genetics (2007) 39, (120-125))
Authors: D C Jeffares, A Pain, A Berry, A V Cox, J Stalker, C E Ingle, A Thomas, M A Quail, K Siebenthall, A C Uhlemann, S Kyes, S Krishna, C Newbold, E T Dermitzakis, M Berriman
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
Reply to Suri <i>et al.</i>: COVID-19 Real-Time RT-PCR: Does Positivity on Follow-up RT-PCR Always Imply Infectivity?
Authors: De Chang, Guoxin Mo, Xin Yuan, Yi Tao, Xiaohua Peng, Fusheng Wang, Lixin Xie, Lokesh Sharma, Charles S. Dela Cruz, Enqiang Qin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)

We really want to thank Suri and colleagues for their interest in our study (1) and for indicating that similar observations were made by other studies (2).However, as pointed out by them regarding erroneously citing the paper in which transmission occurred after symptom resolution, we want to clarify.In the cited study, the authors indicated that the transmission between index patients and other patients happened before symptom onset and not after the resolution of the symptoms, which is indeed correct (3).However, in the same study, the transmission was also reported between patient 1 and other patients (3, 4) who had no contact with the index patient.Patient 1 returned to work after the resolution of symptoms but was unaware of his infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).After confirmation of infection in the index patient upon return to China, patient 1 presented to the Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine in Munich for further assessment.Patient 1 was found to be well with no signs of fever but had a very elevated viral load (.10 8 copies).Our citation referred to the transmission from patient 1 to patients 3 and 4 rather than from the index patient as was suggested by authors.Another major point raised by the authors is the comparison between coronavirus and influenza infections.In the ferret model, the infective viral shedding time is limited to 5 days, whereas quantitative PCR (qPCR) positivity remains until Days 11-13.However, there are stark differences between influenza infection and coronavirus disease .Patients succumbing to COVID-19 remain positive for the virus until their death, even if it occurs 30-40 days after symptom onset, suggesting the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to persist in the body for prolonged times (4).However, we agree with the need to find a better way to ascertain the shedding time in infected patients, as resources have been scarce to test all patients, especially multiple times, before being discharged from hospitals.In these conditions, patients are suggested to remain in isolation to avoid any spread of infection.However, we agree with the authors that it is possible that many of these patients do not shed the active virus despite being positive on qPCR.These findings need to be confirmed by large-scale studies in which throat swabs are indeed tested in a sufficient number of patients to determine if viral positivity on qPCR represents infective virus or just viral remnants that are unable to transmit along with the time kinetics.
Ipilimumab and Nivolumab in Rare Tumors S1609: Neuroendocrine—Response
Authors: Sandip P. Patel, Megan Othus, Young Kwang Chae, Razelle Kurzrock
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

As Sonbol and Halfdanarson kindly point out, the lack of central pathology review with utilization of local pathology reports necessitated use of the 2010 WHO criteria for the neuroendocrine cohort in the S1609 DART study. We agree that central pathology review for these rare tumors would be best. In addition, MSI-status was not required, but will be tested on archival specimens as part of our translational objectives and is a focus of the dedicated high-grade neuroendocrine cohort currently underway within S1609.See the original Letter to the Editor, p. 2433M. Othus is an employee/paid consultant for Merck, and reports receiving other remuneration from Celgene and Glycomimetics. Y.K. Chae reports receiving commercial research grants from Abbvie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Freenome, Lexent Bio, and Biodesix, and speakers bureau honoraria from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lilly Oncology, AstraZeneca, Genentech, Pfizer, Foundation Medicine, Biodesix, and Guardant Health. R. Kurzrock is an employee/paid consultant for Gaido, LOXO, X-Biotech, Actuate Therapeutics, Roche, NeoMed, Soluventis, Pfizer, and Merck, reports receiving commercial research grants from Incyte, Genentech, Merck Serono, Pfizer, Sequenom, Foundation Medicine, Guardant Health, Grifols, Konica Minolta, DeBiopharm, Boerhringer Ingelheim, and OmniSeq, speakers bureau honoraria from Roche, and other remuneration from IDbyDNA, CureMatch, Inc., CureMetrix, Inc., and Soluventis. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed by the other authors.
Abstract 13545: Blunted 'Peak Oxygen Pulse' Response to Exercise on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Stress Test is a Determinant of Diastolic Dysfunction
Authors: Oluwaseun A Akinseye, Aradhana Pathak, Muhammad Shahreyar, Olatunde I Falaiye
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and its variables such as peak oxygen uptake (VO2max), ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT), and minute ventilation/carbon dioxide output (VE/...
Electronic Patient Portals: Evidence on Health Outcomes, Satisfaction, Efficiency, and Attitudes
Authors: Caroline Lubick Goldzweig, Greg Orshansky, Neil M. Paige, Ali Alexander Towfigh, David A. Haggstrom, Isomi Miake-Lye, Jessica M. Beroes, Paul G. Shekelle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Patient portals tied to electronic health record systems give patients secure access to health information and methods for communication and information sharing. This systematic review found mixed ...
Mature Analysis of the Prospective Oxford Down Syndrome (DS) Cohort Study: Timing and Clinical Impact of Preleukemic GATA1 Mutations and Lessons for Management of Newborns with DS
Authors: Irene Roberts, Neha Bhatnagar, Amelie Chaussade, Laure Nizery, Helen Richmond, Natalina Elliott, Gemma Buck, Marlen Metzner, Alison Kennedy, Catherine Garnett, Kelly Perkins, Paresh Vyas
Journal: Blood (2017)
Impact of ALK Rearrangement on Venous and Arterial Thrombotic Risk in NSCLC
Authors: Hanny Al-Samkari, Orly Leiva, Ibiayi Dagogo-Jack, Alice Shaw, Jochen Lennerz, Anthony J. Iafrate, Pavan K. Bendapudi, Jean M. Connors
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2020)
Statins and Cognitive Function
Authors: Karl Richardson, Marisa Schoen, Benjamin French, Craig A. Umscheid, Matthew D. Mitchell, Steven E. Arnold, Paul A. Heidenreich, Daniel J. Rader, Emil M. deGoma
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

This systematic review examined the association between statin therapy and cognitive function. Low-quality evidence suggests no increased incidence of Alzheimer disease and no difference in cogniti...
Pulmonary fibrosis and COVID-19: the potential role for antifibrotic therapy
Authors: Peter M George, Athol U Wells, R Gisli Jenkins
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2020)

In December, 2019, reports emerged from Wuhan, China, of a severe acute respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). By the end of April, 2020, over 3 million people had been confirmed infected, with over 1 million in the USA alone, and over 215 000 deaths. The symptoms associated with COVID-19 are diverse, ranging from mild upper respiratory tract symptoms to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. The major risk factors for severe COVID-19 are shared with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), namely increasing age, male sex, and comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes. However, the role of antifibrotic therapy in patients with IPF who contract SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the scientific rationale for their continuation or cessation, is poorly defined. Furthermore, several licensed and potential antifibrotic compounds have been assessed in models of acute lung injury and viral pneumonia. Data from previous coronavirus infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome, as well as emerging data from the COVID-19 pandemic, suggest there could be substantial fibrotic consequences following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Antifibrotic therapies that are available or in development could have value in preventing severe COVID-19 in patients with IPF, have the potential to treat severe COVID-19 in patients without IPF, and might have a role in preventing fibrosis after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
HIV-Protease Inhibitors
Authors: Charles Flexner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–encoded protease, combined with nucleoside analogues with antiretroviral activity, cause profound and sustained suppression of viral replication, reduce morbidity, and prolong life in patients with HIV infection.13 Recent guidelines recommend that initial treatment of all HIV-infected patients include the administration of an HIV-protease inhibitor.4 The HIV-Encoded ProteaseThe HIV protease, encoded in the 5' end of the pol gene, is expressed as part of the gag–pol polyprotein (Figure 1A, Figure 1B, and Figure 1C). This gene encodes a 99-amino-acid protein. Homodimers of this protein have the aspartyl protease activity that is typical of retroviral proteases; monomers . . .
69P TGFBI promoter methylation validation as an epigenetic biomarker for trastuzumab resistance in HER2+ breast cancer patients cohort
Authors: H. Pla, Á. Díaz-Lagares, A. Hernandez, G. Oliveras, F. Pérez-Bueno, M. Esteller, T. Puig, S. Palomeras, G. Viñas
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
99P Association of gut microbiome diversity and composition with pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: G. Vernaci, E. Cumerlato, G. Griguolo, D. Massa, A. Menichetti, F. Miglietta, G. Tasca, E. Savarino, P.F. Conte, V. Guarneri, M.V. Dieci
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
The Karen Ann Quinlan Case
Authors: Dennis J. Horan
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It is somewhat surprising to see a thinker of the stature of Richard A. McCormick, SJ, compound the confusion that already exists about the Karen Ann Quinlan case. The tone of his editorial (234:1057, 1975) indicates that something occurred in her case that has very reprehensible overtones for the medical profession. For example, he speaks about the fear of malpractice, outmoded homicide laws, and intrusion into the patient-family-doctor relationship, all of which, he says, forebode great catastrophes for the medical profession. It is not clear what aspect of the case he is relying on to support this parade of horrors, but the opinion written by Judge Muir does not substantiate Fr McCormick's thesis. Father McCormick complains that the case did not belong in the courts in the first place. With this I would agree, with one caveat, which<i>supports</i>and enhances that relationship. In his 50-page opinion,
A better-quality alternative. Single-payer national health system reform. Physicians for a National Health Program Quality of Care Working Group
Authors: G D Schiff, A B Bindman, T A Brennan
Journal: JAMA (1994)

MANY MISCONSTRUE US health system reform options by presuming that "trade-offs" are needed to counterbalance the competing goals of increasing access, containing costs, and preserving quality.<sup>1,2</sup>Standing as an apparent paradox to this zero-sum equation are countries such as Canada that ensure access to all at a cost 40% per capita less, with satisfaction and outcomes as good as or better than those in the United States.<sup>3,4</sup>While the efficiencies of a single-payer universal program are widely acknowledged to facilitate simultaneous cost control and universal access, lingering concerns about quality have blunted support for this approach. See also p 797. Quality is of paramount importance to Americans. Opponents of reform appeal to fears of diminished quality, warning of waiting lists, rationing, and "government control."<sup>5</sup>Missing from more narrow discussions of the accuracy of such charges is a broader exploration of the quality implications of a universal health
Late-Onset Relapsing Hepatitis Associated with Yellow Fever
Authors: Luciana Casadio, Ana C Nastri, Fernanda M Malta, Jordana Araujo, Julia B Silva, Jorge Salomao, Juliana Yamashiro, Ana P Salles, Michele G Gouvea, Cristina Kanamura, Fabiana R Lima, Ryan Y Tanigawa, Evandro S Melo, Roque Lima, Débora Terrabuio, Eduardo Cançado, Yeh-Li Ho, Ester C Sabino, João R Pinho, Flair J Carrilho, Venancio A Alves, Anna S Levin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Late-Onset Hepatitis with Yellow Fever Brazil has had 2585 confirmed cases of yellow fever during the past 2 years. In this report, investigators from Sao Paulo describe cases of hepatitis occurrin...
Re: Robert A. Huddart, Emma Hall, Rebecca Lewis, et al. Patient-reported Quality of Life Outcomes in Patients Treated for Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer with Radiotherapy ± Chemotherapy in the BC2001 Phase III Randomised Controlled Trial. Eur Urol 2020;77:260–8
Authors: Wei Liu, Xiaoping Liu, Sheng Li
Journal: European Urology (2020)
Offline: Health in the unhappy time of COVID-19
Authors: Richard Horton
Journal: The Lancet (2020)

It was a tragedy for anyone hoping to see COVID-19 become a catalyst for international solidarity. On the first day of the first-ever virtual World Health Assembly, held during the worst acute global health crisis since WHO's creation in 1948, Alex Azar, US Secretary of Health and Human Services, further damaged the credibility of the US Government as a constructive member of the international community. "We must be frank", he began. What followed was an astonishing series of unsubstantiated allegations.
Dimethyl fumarate modulates the Treg–Th17 cell axis in patients with psoriasis*
Authors: J. Sulaimani, D. Cluxton, J. Clowry, A. Petrasca, O.E. Molloy, B. Moran, C.M. Sweeney, A. Malara, N. McNicholas, C. McGuigan, B. Kirby, J.M. Fletcher
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is the active ingredient of Skilarence™ and Tecfidera™, which are used for the treatment of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis, respectively. Various immunomodulatory mechanisms of action have been identified for DMF; however, it is still unclear what effects DMF exerts in vivo in patients with psoriasis.In this study we examined the effects of DMF, both in vivo and in vitro, on T cells, which play a key role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.The frequency of T-cell subsets was examined by flow cytometry in untreated patients with psoriasis or those treated with DMF. The effects of DMF in vitro on T-cell survival, activation and proliferation, and cell-surface thiols were assessed by flow cytometry.In patients with psoriasis treated with DMF we observed an increase in the frequency of T regulatory (Treg) cells and a decrease in T helper (Th)17 lineage cells and the associated cytokines interleukin-17, interleukin-22 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. T cells cultured in vitro with DMF exhibited reduced viability, and inhibition of activation and proliferation in response to stimulation due to the oxidative effects of DMF. However, the frequency of Treg cells increased in the presence of DMF due to their heightened ability to resist DMF-induced oxidative stress.DMF enhanced the ratio of Treg cells to Th17 cells in patients with psoriasis, in patients with multiple sclerosis and in vitro. Furthermore, our data suggest that this is at least in part as a result of the differential effects of DMF on Treg cells compared with conventional T cells.
An international multicenter study of protocols for liver transplantation during a pandemic: A case for quadripartite equipoise
Authors: Claire Alexandra Chew, Shridhar Ganpathi Iyer, Alfred Wei Chieh Kow, Krishnakumar Madhavan, Andrea Sze Teng Wong, Karim J. Halazun, Narendra Battula, Irene Scalera, Roberta Angelico, Shahid Farid, Bettina M. Buchholz, Fernando Rotellar, Albert Chi-Yan Chan, Jong Man Kim, Chih-Chi Wang, Maheswaran Pitchaimuthu, Mettu Srinivas Reddy, Arvinder Singh Soin, Carlos Derosas, Oscar Imventarza, John Isaac, Paolo Muiesan, Darius F. Mirza, Glenn Kunnath Bonney
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Favourable outcomes for high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (IPI 3–5) treated with front-line R-CODOX-M/R-IVAC chemotherapy: results of a phase 2 UK NCRI trial
Authors: A.K. McMillan, E.H. Phillips, A.A. Kirkwood, S. Barrans, C. Burton, S. Rule, R. Patmore, R. Pettengell, K.M. Ardeshna, A. Lawrie, S. Montoto, S. Paneesha, L. Clifton-Hadley, D.C. Linch
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)

Outcomes for patients with high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with R-CHOP chemotherapy are suboptimal but, to date, no alternative regimen has been shown to improve survival rates. This phase 2 trial aimed to assess the efficacy of a Burkitt-like approach for high-risk DLBCL using the dose-intense R-CODOX-M/R-IVAC regimen.
The Nephrotic Syndrome Due to Pre-eclamptic Nephropathy
Authors: Harry E. Sarles, Maurice E. Herring, Trevor F. Watson, Raymond L. Gregory, August R. Remmers
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Excerpt The development of the nephrotic syndrome during pregnancy is an uncommon occurrence (1, 2). We have recently observed a young primigravida who developed severe pre-eclampsia with massive p...