tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cross-sectional study of the educational background and trauma knowledge of trainees in the “China trauma care training” program
Authors: Hao Tang, Dong Liu, Dong Yang, Jia-Xin Tan, Xiu-Zhu Zhang, Xiang-Jun Bai, Mao Zhang, Lian-Yang Zhang
Journal: Military Medical Research (2020)

Abstract Background Since the trauma knowledge of trauma providers correlates with the outcomes of injured patients, this study aims to assess the socio-demographic characteristics and levels of trauma knowledge of trainees in the China trauma care training (CTCT) program in addition to their post-course test results to provide support for the development of trauma care training programs and trauma systems in China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted by collecting demographic information, hospital-related information and trauma knowledge of the trainees from 19 regions in China. All participants were assessed by questionnaires collecting the socio-demographic data, the trauma care knowledge levels and the information of the hospitals. Results There were 955 males (78.9%) and 256 females (21.1%) enrolled. Among them, 854 were physicians (70.5%), 357 were registered nurses (29.5%). In addition, 64 of them also played an administrative role in the hospitals (5.3%). The score of the trainees who were members of the emergency department staff (72.59 ± 14.13) was the highest among the scores of all the personnel surveyed, followed by those of the trainees from the intensive care unit (ICU) (71.17 ± 12.72), trauma surgery department (67.26 ± 13.81), orthopedics department (70.36 ± 14.48), general surgery department (69.91 ± 14.79) and other departments (69.93 ± 16.91), P = 0.031. The score of the professors (73.09 ± 15.05) was higher than those of the associate professors (72.40 ± 14.71), lecturers (70.07 ± 14.25) and teaching assistants (67.58 ± 15.16), P &lt; 0.0001. The score of the individuals who attended experts’ trauma lectures (72.22 ± 14.45) was higher than that of individuals who did not attend the lectures (69.33 ± 15.17), P = 0.001. The mean scores before and after the training were 71.02 ± 14.82 and 84.24 ± 13.77, respectively, P &lt; 0.001. The mean score of trauma knowledge after the training of trainees from different provinces and with different educational backgrounds was higher than that before the training, with a statistically significant difference ( P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions The level of trauma knowledge of trauma care providers was associated with their department, professional position and previous participation in related academic conferences. Trauma care experience and participation in academic lectures and training program including CTCT may effectively improve individuals’ level of trauma knowledge.
Abstract P516: A Traditional Mexican Diet Score is Not Associated With Increased Risk of Hypertension and is Comparable to Other Diet Scores Among U.S. Adults of Mexican Heritage in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Cohort
Authors: Martha Tamez, Eric Rimm, Bernard Rosner, Daniela Sotres-Alvarez, Martha L Daviglus, Linda Van Horn, Krista Perreira, Sheila F Castaneda, Cecilia Castro-Diehl, Sylvia Smoller, Robert Kaplan, Josiemer Mattei
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Little is known about whether prevailing diet quality scores apply to Hispanics/Latinos when assessing hypertension risk or if a diet score applied to a traditional diet would be more relevant. Objective: To compare a traditional Mexican diet score (tMexS) against three prevailing diet quality scores (Mediterranean Diet Score [MeDS], Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 [AHEI-2010], and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension [DASH]) in association with risk of hypertension and change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) in adults of Mexican heritage in the U.S. Methods: Data were analyzed from 3,542 U.S. adults of Mexican heritage in the multicenter population-based Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) cohort with baseline (2008-2011) and follow-up (2014-2017) visits, and without CVD and hypertension at baseline. Diet quality scores were calculated from the average of two 24-h recalls. Higher scores of MeDS, AHEI-2010, and DASH indicate a healthier diet, while a higher tMexS indicates a more traditional Mexican diet. Hypertension was defined as an average of ≥140 systolic or ≥90 mmHg diastolic BP from triplicate measurements, or self-reported use of antihypertensive medications. Logistic regression models tested the association of four dietary scores with incident hypertension, and linear regression models tested the association of dietary scores and changes in systolic and diastolic BP by hypertension status. Multivariable models with complex survey procedures were adjusted for confounders, and the final model included all dietary scores simultaneously. Results: After an average 6y of follow-up, there were 553 incident cases of hypertension. Mean (±SE) total score was 5.8 ± 0.05 for tMexS (range: 0-12), 5.3 ± 0.04 for MeDS (range: 0-9), 51.4 ± 0.19 for AHEI-2010 (range: 0-110), and 48.5 ± 0.22 for DASH (range: 0-90). The tMexS, MeDS, and DASH were not associated with risk of hypertension. A 10-unit increase in the AHEI-2010 was associated with a lower risk of hypertension (OR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.98). Among normotensive adults, diastolic BP decreased by 0.24 ± 0.11 mmHg per one-unit increase in tMexS (p-value=0.02). No significant changes were noted for systolic BP nor among adults with hypertension. Conclusions: In this prospective cohort, the AHEI-2010, but not DASH, MeDS, or tMexS, was associated with lower hypertension risk among U.S. adults of Mexican heritage, while the tMexS reduced diastolic BP among normotensive adults. To decrease hypertension risk, adults of Mexican heritage should adhere to AHEI-2010 dietary recommendations, while consuming traditional Mexican foods for modest benefits on blood pressure.
Primary cytoreductive surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A retrospective analysis of 214 patients with stage IIIc and IV ovarian, tubal and peritoneal cancer from the Norwegian Radium Hospital
Authors: I. Silins, M. B. Elstrand, B. Davidson, C. Tropé
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

16035 Background: We evaluated clinical prognostic factors in ovarian carcinoma for their association with upfront treatment in advanced stage ovarian cancer patients with effusions. Methods: Our study consists of a retrospective analysis of 214 patients with stage IIIc and IV primary ovarian cancer, primary peritoneal carcinoma and tubal cancer, treated at the Norwegian Radium Hospital (NRH) in the period 1998–2003. One-hundred and thirty-eight patients underwent primary cytoreduction, 51 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by delayed debulking and 25 patients received only chemotherapy. Results: Residual disease of less than 1 cm was achieved in 31.9 % of primary surgery patients and in 47.1 % of delayed surgery patients. Standard taxane/platinum treatment was given to 79.7 % and 67.1 % patients in the surgery and neoadjuvant treatment group, respectively. Hazard ratio for relapse was significantly higher for upfront treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (1.69, CI 95 % 1.12–2.55) compared to primary surgery and for suboptimal debulking surgery and/or suboptimal chemotherapy (1.66, CI 95 % 1.14–2.41) compared to optimal treatment. The incidence of disease-related death was also significantly higher for the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group (1.83, CI 95 % 1.21–2.79) and for patients treated suboptimally (1.50, CI 95 % 1.03–2.19). Median cancer-specific survival was 31 months for the primary surgery group and 15 months for the neoadjuvant treatment group. Conclusions: In this retrospective analysis, the two most important prognostic factors for advanced ovarian, tubal and peritoneal cancer with malignant pleural and/or abdominal effusion were surgical treatment as first-line therapy and combination of optimal tumor debulking (&lt;1cm) and taxane/platinum chemotherapy. The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is still controversial. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Evidence-Based Solutions to Pediatric Firearm Deaths—The Need for Out-of-the-Box Answers
Authors: Megan L. Ranney, April M. Zeoli, Rinad Beidas
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Illness-related suffering and need for palliative care in Rohingya refugees and caregivers in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Megan Doherty, Liam Power, Mila Petrova, Scott Gunn, Richard Powell, Rachel Coghlan, Liz Grant, Brett Sutton, Farzana Khan
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2020)

Background Despite recognition that palliative care is an essential component of any humanitarian response, serious illness-related suffering continues to be pervasive in these settings. There is very limited evidence about the need for palliative care and symptom relief to guide the implementation of programs to alleviate the burden of serious illness-related suffering in these settings. A basic package of essential medications and supplies can provide pain relief and palliative care; however, the practical availability of these items has not been assessed. This study aimed to describe the illness-related suffering and need for palliative care in Rohingya refugees and caregivers in Bangladesh. Methods and findings Between November 20 and 24, 2017, we conducted a cross-sectional study of individuals with serious health problems (n = 156, 53% male) and caregivers (n = 155, 69% female) living in Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh, using convenience sampling to recruit participants at the community level (i.e., going house to house to identify eligible individuals). The serious health problems, recent healthcare experiences, need for medications and medical supplies, and basic needs of participants were explored through interviews with trained Rohingya community members, using an interview guide that had been piloted with Rohingya individuals to ensure it reflected the specificities of their refugee experience and culture. The most common diagnoses were significant physical disabilities (n = 100, 64.1%), treatment-resistant tuberculosis (TB) (n = 32, 20.5%), cancer (n = 15, 9.6%), and HIV infection (n = 3, 1.9%). Many individuals with serious health problems were experiencing significant pain (62%, n = 96), and pain treatments were largely ineffective (70%, n = 58). The average age was 44.8 years (range 2–100 years) for those with serious health problems and 34.9 years (range 8–75 years) for caregivers. Caregivers reported providing an average of 13.8 hours of care per day. Sleep difficulties (87.1%, n = 108), lack of appetite (58.1%, n = 72), and lack of pleasure in life (53.2%, n = 66) were the most commonly reported problems related to the caregiving role. The main limitations of this study were the use of convenience sampling and closed-ended interview questioning. Conclusions In this study we found that many individuals with serious health problems experienced significant physical, emotional, and social suffering due to a lack of access to pain and symptom relief and other essential components of palliative care. Humanitarian responses should develop and incorporate palliative care and symptom relief strategies that address the needs of all people with serious illness-related suffering and their caregivers.
A randomized phase 2 trial of combretatstatin A4 phosphate (CA4P) in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin to evaluate safety and efficacy in subjects with advanced imageable malignancies
Authors: W. L. Akerley, M. Schabel, G. Morrell, E. Horvath, M. Yu, B. Johnsson, K. Arbogast
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

14060 Background: CA4P is the lead compound in a class of agents termed Vascular Disrupting Agents. Phase I studies of CA4P demonstrated toxicities that do not overlap those of chemotherapy. In vitro studies show synergistic cytotoxicity for CA4P and chemotherapy. This study was designed to assess safety, toxicity and tumor perfusion of CA4P at 2 doses when combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin at fixed doses. Methods: A one stage, randomized trial for subjects with imageable tumors by DCE-MRI for perfusion. Subjects received either 45 or 63 mg/m 2 CA4P IV on Days 1, 8, and 15, then 200 mg/m 2 paclitaxel and AUC 6 carboplatin on Day 2 of each 21 day cycle. After completion of 6 cycles, subjects could continue with CA4P alone. DCE-MRI was measured prior and 24 hours after the first dose of CA4P. Results: 13 subjects were accrued from 3/05–11/05. 78 cycles were administered and 1 subject continues active therapy on cycle 19. The median number of cycles administered was 6. Both 45 and 63 CA4P with paclitaxel/carboplatin were well tolerated. The most frequent adverse events are listed in Table 1 . Grade 3–4 AEs were similar between the two dose groups. Table 1 : Most Frequent AEs by CA4P Dose DCE-MRI data showed a mean reduction in blood flow for both dose groups (46% vs. 19% respectively) confirming CA4P’s tumor vascular disrupting capabilities. Tumor responses were observed and were similar between both dose groups. Best overall response through cycle 6 was 3 PR, and 6 SD. Two subjects with thyroid cancer were randomized to the low dose group and completed cycle 6. The 1 st had SD and progressed after cycle 6. The 2 nd achieved PR and progressed after 8 cycles. These subjects also had the greatest reduction in tumor blood flow. Ktrans was reduced by 73 and 79% 24 hours post CA4P. Conclusion: These doses of CA4P in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin were well tolerated, demonstrated anti-tumor activity and reduction of tumor blood flow. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract P461: Genome-wide Analysis in Sedentary Adults of Non-completion of a Controlled Exercise Intervention
Authors: Rong Jiang, Kim M Huffman, Elizabeth Hauser, Monica Hubal, Cris Slentz, Johanna Johnson, Michael Babyak, Redford Williams, Ilene C Siegler, William E Kraus
Journal: Circulation (2020)

A wide range of health benefits of exercise have been documented in clinical lifestyle medicine. However, many individuals fail to complete or maintain an exercise program. We hypothesized that this behavior has biological underpinnings. Thus, we conducted analyses of multi-omic data obtained from genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic data specific to subjects (n=603) initiating a well-characterized exercise training trial (STRRIDE-Study of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention through Defined Exercise) to understand the biology of non-completion. GWAS detected the strongest evidence of association with non-completion was at SNP rs722069 (P = 2.2 х 10 -7 , OR=2.23, T/C, risk allele =C) on chromosome 16, with other 8 SNPs in a linkage disequilibrium block (pairwise R 2 &gt; 0.74). These SNPs were eQTLs of the EARS2, COG7 and DCTN5 genes in skeletal muscle tissue in GTEx portal. In a subset of the STRRIDE sample, the C allele of rs722069 was associated with lower pre-exercise skeletal muscle expression of EARS2 (P &lt; 0.016) using Affymetrix platform (n=37). This was further replicated (P=0.017) in another set of skeletal muscle expression data using the Illumina gene expression array (n=67). The C allele was associated with lower pre-exercise skeletal muscle concentrations of C2- and C3-acylcarnitines (P &lt; 0.03) - the incomplete oxidation products of fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. Lower EARS2 skeletal muscle expression was also related to the lower C2- and C3-acylcarnitine concentrations in skeletal muscle ( P &lt; 0.05) before exercise. Rs722069 variants were not related to maximal oxygen uptake and insulin sensitivity in the individuals completing the exercise intervention. The tests of glucose and lipids levels associated with the genetic variants in this LD block are ongoing. To further understand the systemic genetics and biology of non-completion, in silico functional analysis for the genes in this region such as UBFD1, NDUFAB1, PALB2 is also under way. Our results imply that non-completion is genetically moderated through differential gene expression and metabolic pathways in skeletal muscle. Impaired mitochondrial energetics in skeletal muscle may be partly responsible for non-completion. Individual genetic traits may allow development of a biomarker-approach to identify individuals that would benefit from more intensive counseling to maintain exercise programs.
MIG(CXCL9)ケモカイン遺伝子療法と抗体-サイトカイン融合蛋白質の併用はマウス結腸癌の増殖と播種を抑制する | 文献情報 | J-GLOBAL 科学技術総合リンクセンター
Authors: Ruehlmann J M, Xiang R, Niethammer A G, Ba Y, Pertl U, Dolman C S, Gillies S D, Reisfeld R A
Journal: Cancer Research (2001)
Diet, nutrition, and cancer risk: what do we know and what is the way forward?
Authors: Timothy J Key, Kathryn E Bradbury, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Rashmi Sinha, Konstantinos K Tsilidis, Shoichiro Tsugane
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Timothy J Key and colleagues describe the evidence linking diet and nutrition to cancer risk, concluding that obesity and alcohol are the most important factors
Abstract P231: Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Trajectories During Pregnancy and Postpartum Blood Pressure
Authors: Abbi Lane-Cordova, Melissa Jones, Janet M Catov, Bethany Barone Gibbs
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Pregnancy influences longer-term vascular health for women. Moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SED) have been associated with blood pressure (BP) in non-pregnant adults. Self-reported pregnancy MVPA has been associated with less risk of hypertension during pregnancy, but associations of MVPA and SED patterns during pregnancy and postpartum BP have not been investigated. Methods: MVPA and SED were measured objectively in women in each trimester of a singleton pregnancy using triaxial and positional accelerometers and defined using established cut points. Systolic and diastolic BP obtained at the 6-week postpartum clinic visit were abstracted from medical charts. Latent class trajectory modeling was used to assign women to one of three MVPA and SED trajectory groups: low, medium, and high. Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to evaluate differences in systolic and diastolic BP between trajectory groups and linear regression was used to test for associations of MVPA and SED trajectory group assignment with BP. Adjustment variables included age, race, and postpartum BMI. Results: Of the 101 women in the study, 23 were African American, mean age = 31±0.5 years and mean postpartum BMI = 27.6±0.7 kg/m 2 . Mean postpartum systolic and diastolic BP were 114±1 and 71±1 mmHg. Systolic BP was similar among MVPA and SED trajectory groups. Diastolic BP differed between MVPA (low: 76±2, medium: 70±1, high: 70±2 mmHg, p&lt;0.05) and SED (low: 71±3, medium: 69±1, high: 74±1, p&lt;0.05) trajectory groups. In adjusted analyses, SED, but not MVPA, trajectory assignment was significantly associated with postpartum diastolic BP, b=3.1, 95% CI: 0.6, 5.6, p&lt;0.02. Compared to the low SED trajectory, assignment to the high SED trajectory was associated with 4.9 (95% CI: -0.2, 10.0) mmHg higher diastolic BP in the adjusted model. Conclusions: SED trajectory across three trimesters of pregnancy was associated with postpartum diastolic BP, even after accounting for biologic covariates and MVPA. Results suggest avoiding high SED during pregnancy might help improve diastolic BP after delivery.
A multicenter phase II study of erlotinib and bevacizumab in patients with metastatic melanoma
Authors: K. Wyman, D. Spigel, I. Puzanov, J. Hainsworth, M. Kelley, P. Krozely, D. Sturgeon, J. Sosman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

8539 Background: Erlotinib and bevacizumab have demonstrated activity in a number of malignancies by virtue of interrupting interdependent signaling pathways thought important in tumorigenesis. Melanoma may be an appropriate target based on its expression of EGFR and VEGF. We conducted a phase II multi-institutional trial evaluating erlotinib and bevacizumab in advanced melanoma patients. Methods: Eligibility included measurable disease, ECOG PS = 0–1, adequate organ function, no more than one prior therapy for metastatic disease, and CNS metastases were allowed if limited and controlled. Patients received oral erlotinib 150 mg/day and bevacizumab 10 mg/kg IV Q 2 weeks with tumor evaluation every 8 weeks. The primary outcomes were response rate (RR), response duration, and frequency of PFS &gt;6 months. Secondary outcomes included overall survival, safety, and tolerability. A two-stage accrual design was employed ensuring that = 3/21 patients had PFS &gt;6 months before additional patients were accrued. Results: As of Nov 2006, 29 patients with metastatic melanoma were enrolled. A total of 23 patients were evaluable for response. The majority was male 19/29 (65%) and had a median age = 62 yrs (range 35–78 years). Fifteen of the 29 had stage M1c disease (51.7%) and 18/29 (62.1%) had a PS = 1. Ten patients (34%) had prior adjuvant therapy and 6 patients (21%) prior therapy for metastatic disease. There were 2/23 (9%) partial responses lasting &lt; 6 months and 5/23 (22%) had stable disease lasting &gt; 6 months. The median progression free survival of evaluable patients was 96 days (95% CI: 50 - 142 days). A total of 25 grade III toxicities were observed with the most common being rash/pruritis (n=4), pain (n=4), fatigue (n=3), hypertension (n=2) and diarrhea (n=2). Two grade IV toxicities were observed (myocardial infarction and bowel perforation) both thought to be due to bevacizumab. Conclusion: The combination of erlotinib (150 mg/day) and bevacizumab (10 mg/kg) appears potentially active in patients with metastatic melanoma with largely tolerable toxicities. Accrual of a total of 41 patients will be completed shortly. [Table: see text]