tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tackling covid-19: are the costs worth the benefits?
Authors: John Appleby
Journal: BMJ (2020)

It is hard to write about the economics of covid-19 while we are grappling with such an unprecedented global emergency.But questions are being voiced-from presidents and commentators to health economists 1-3 and the German Council of Economic Experts 4 -about the cost effectiveness of the measures being used to tackle the disease.In short: are the costs worth the benefits?This may seem an outrageous question.Surely, we must do all we can to minimise mortality and morbidity from covid-19?But the cost-benefit question is one that all health systems face every day-is drug X better than drug Y (or doing nothing)?Should stroke services be centralised?How long should treatment continue for a particular patient?Or more specifically, which patients with covid-19 should be prioritised for ventilation? 5though there is no simple fix to many of these wicked choices, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) was set up in the UK in an attempt to make what were previously somewhat opaque decisions more transparent and more consistent.The weighing up of costs and effects to be judged against a threshold value of the effects (benefits) is at the heart of NICE's decision making.
Line Treatment of Adult Ph+ Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Patients. Final Results of the GIMEMA LAL1205 Study
Authors: Robert Foà, Antonella Vitale, Anna Guarini, Maria Sefania De Propris, Loredana Elia, Giuseppe Cimino, Mario Luppi, Carlo Castagnola, Simona Sica, Rosa Nieddu, Maria-Novella Piersantelli, Felicetto Ferrara, Francesco Nobile, Renato Fanin, Francesco Fabbiano, Marco Vignetti, Paola Fazi, Simona Soverini, Franco Mandelli, Giovanni Martinelli, Giovanna Meloni, Michele Baccarani
Journal: Blood (2008)
Incident Chronic Kidney Disease Risk among Hispanics/Latinos in the United States: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Authors: Ana C. Ricardo, Matthew Shane Loop, Franklyn Gonzalez, Claudia M. Lora, Jinsong Chen, Nora Franceschini, Holly J. Kramer, Stephanie M. Toth-Manikowski, Gregory A. Talavera, Martha Daviglus, James P. Lash
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Significance Statement Although the incident rate of ESKD is higher among Hispanics/Latinos living in the United States compared with non-Hispanics, less is known about incident rates of CKD. The authors report that this community-based prospective cohort study of more than 8000 Hispanics/Latinos in the United States found the overall rate of incident CKD to be 10.6 per 1000 person-years, with the highest rate observed among Puerto Ricans (15.0 per 1000 person-years). Important risk factors for new-onset CKD included elevated BP and glycated hemoglobin, as well as lower baseline eGFR and higher baseline albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Culturally tailored public heath interventions among Hispanics/Latinos focusing on prevention and control of risk factors, including diabetes and hypertension, might help decrease their burden of CKD and ESKD. Background Although Hispanics/Latinos in the United States are often considered a single ethnic group, they represent a heterogenous mixture of ancestries who can self-identify as any race defined by the U.S. Census. They have higher ESKD incidence compared with non-Hispanics, but little is known about the CKD incidence in this population. Methods We examined rates and risk factors of new-onset CKD using data from 8774 adults in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Incident CKD was defined as eGFR &lt;60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 with eGFR decline ≥1 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 per year, or urine albumin/creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g. Rates and incidence rate ratios were estimated using Poisson regression with robust variance while accounting for the study’s complex design. Results Mean age was 40.3 years at baseline and 51.6% were women. In 5.9 years of follow-up, 648 participants developed CKD (10.6 per 1000 person-years). The age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates ranged from 6.6 (other Hispanic/mixed background) to 15.0 (Puerto Ricans) per 1000 person-years. Compared with Mexican background, Puerto Rican background was associated with 79% increased risk for incident CKD (incidence rate ratios, 1.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.33 to 2.40), which was accounted for by differences in sociodemographics, acculturation, and clinical characteristics. In multivariable regression analysis, predictors of incident CKD included BP &gt;140/90 mm Hg, higher glycated hemoglobin, lower baseline eGFR, and higher baseline urine albumin/creatinine ratio. Conclusions CKD incidence varies by Hispanic/Latino heritage and this disparity may be in part attributed to differences in sociodemographic characteristics. Culturally tailored public heath interventions focusing on the prevention and control of risk factors might ameliorate the CKD burden in this population.
Quercetin: A Novel Targeted Chemoprevention for Patients with Fanconi Anemia (FA)
Authors: Parinda A Mehta, Tsuyoshi Fukuda, Junfang Zhao, Cancelas-Perez Jose, Sara Loveless, Kenneth Setchell, Alexander A. Vinks, Qishen Pang, Deborah Elder, Susan Rose, Kasiani C. Myers, Adam S. Nelson, Stephanie Edwards, Adam Lane, Stella M Davies
Journal: Blood (2017)
Differentiation-Chronology Specific Function of DNMT1 and Selective Anti-Leukemia Stem-Cell Therapy
Authors: Soledad Negrotto, Zhenbo Hu, Kevin A Link, Hien Duong, Andrew E. Schade, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski, James C. Mulloy, Yogenthiran Saunthararajah
Journal: Blood (2008)
Double Induction Containing Two Courses Versus One Course of High- Dose AraC/ Mitoxantrone (HAM) and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation Versus Prolonged Maintenance for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).
Authors: Thomas Buchner, Wolfgang E. Berdel, Claudia Schoch, Torsten Haferlach, Hubert L. Serve, Joachim Kienast, Susanne Schnittger, Wolfgang Kern, Joelle Tchinda, Albrecht Reichle, Peter Staib, Wolf-Dieter Ludwig, Carlo Aul, Maria-Cristina Sauerland, Achim Heinecke, Bernhard Woermann, Wolfgang Hiddemann
Journal: Blood (2005)
Inhibition of TET1 prevents the development of osteoarthritis and reveals the 5hmC landscape that orchestrates pathogenesis
Authors: Piera Smeriglio, Fiorella C. Grandi, Spoorthi Davala, Venkata Masarapu, Pier Francesco Indelli, Stuart B. Goodman, Nidhi Bhutani
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2020)

Modulating cytosine hydroxymethylation by inhibiting TET1 activity prevents osteoarthritis in mice.
Abstract 12094: Associations Between Plasma Talin-1 Levels and the Presence and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Masayuki Aoyama, Yoshimi Kishimoto, Emi Saita, Yukinori Ikegami, Kazuo Kondo, Masato Nakamura, Yukihiko Momiyama
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Talin-1 is a cytoskeletal protein expressed in most tissues including vessel walls and plays a major role in the integrity of focal adhesions and the interaction between cells and extracellular mat...
Not a luxury: a call to maintain sexual and reproductive health in humanitarian and fragile settings during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Nguyen Toan Tran, Hannah Tappis, Nathaly Spilotros, Sandra Krause, Sarah Knaster
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2020)

About 1·8 billion people live in fragile contexts worldwide,1 including 168 million individuals in need of humanitarian assistance. Approximately a quarter of those in fragile contexts are women and girls of reproductive age.2 Experience from past epidemics in these settings has showed that discontinuing health-care services deemed unrelated to the epidemic response resulted in more deaths than did the epidemic itself.3 Issues related to sexual and reproductive health are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among women of childbearing age, with countries affected by fragility and crisis accounting for 61% of maternal deaths worldwide.
Endoscopic vacuum therapy versus stenting for postoperative esophago-enteric anastomotic leakage: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pasquale Scognamiglio, Matthias Reeh, Karl Karstens, Eugen Bellon, Marcus Kantowski, Gerhard Schön, Antonia Zapf, Seung-Hun Chon, Jakob R. Izbicki, Michael Tachezy
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Abstract Background Esophageal anastomotic leakage still represents a challenging complication after esophageal surgery. Endoscopically placed self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) are the treatment of choice, but since the introduction of endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) for esophageal leakage 10 years ago, increasing evidence has demonstrated that EVT might be a superior alternative. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness and related morbidity of SEMS and EVT in the treatment of esophageal leak. Methods We systematically searched for studies comparing SEMS and EVT to treat anastomotic leakage after esophageal surgery. Predefined end points including outcome, treatment success, endoscopy, treatment duration, hospitalization time, morbidity, and mortality were assessed and included in the meta-analysis. Results Five retrospective studies including 274 patients matched the inclusion criteria. Compared with stenting, EVT was significantly associated with a higher rate of leak closure (odds ratio [OR] 3.14, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.23 to 7.98), more endoscopic device changes (pooled median difference of 3.09; 95 %CI 1.54 to 4.64]), a shorter duration of treatment (pooled median difference –11.90 days; 95 %CI –18.59 to –5.21 days), and a lower mortality rate (OR 0.39, 95 %CI 0.18 to 0.83). There were no significant differences in short-term and major complications. Conclusions Owing to the retrospective quality of the studies with potential biases, the results of the meta-analysis must be interpreted with caution. However, the analysis indicates the potential benefit of EVT, which should be further investigated with standardized and prospectively collected data.
Automated Coronary Plaque Characterization With Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography and Smart-Algorithm Approach
Authors: Vikram Baruah, Aydin Zahedivash, Taylor Hoyt, Austin McElroy, Deborah Vela, L. Maximilian Buja, Andrew Cabe, Meagan Oglesby, Arnold Estrada, Piotr Antonik, Thomas E. Milner, Marc D. Feldman
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2020)
Simultaneous skin biome and keratinocyte genomic capture reveals microbiome differences by depth of sampling
Authors: Mariana L. Stevens, Tammy Gonzalez, Eric Schauberger, Asel Baatyrbek kyzy, Heidi Andersen, Daniel Spagna, Mehak K. Kalra, Lisa J. Martin, David Haslam, Andrew B. Herr, Jocelyn M. Biagini Myers, Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2020)
Access to water and toilet facilities as a predictor of adherence to antiretroviral treatment in women living with HIV/AIDS in Zambia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jerry J Nutor, Isaac Agbemafle
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2020)

BackgroundMother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV is a major problem in sub-Saharan Africa despite increasing availability of free antiretroviral treatment (ART). Early diagnosis and continuous engagement in HIV care are essential for the elimination of MTCT and improvement of a mother's quality of life. MTCT risk can be reduced from 45%, with no intervention, to below 5% with the administration of an effective antiretroviral regimen. An important but less explored area is how access to potable water and adequate sanitation influence women's adherence to ART. WHO estimates are that around 319 million people lack access to potable water and 695 million people do not have adequate sanitation in sub-Sharan Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate how access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) influence ART adherence in women living with HIV/AIDS in Zambia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in women living with HIV/AIDS attending prenatal and postnatal clinics in Lusaka and Sinazongwe Districts, Zambia. We used a questionnaire to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics, WASH, quality of health care, disclosure and support, and other factors. Associations between categorical and continuous variables were assessed with Pearson's χ2 and correlation, respectively. Factors influencing ART adherence were determined using logistic regression models.FindingsWe included data from 150 women in analysis; mean age was 29 years (SD 6). In all, 64% of respondents reported that they lacked access to potable water and 70% reported having inadequate toilet facilities. There were significant associations between ART adherence and access to toilet facilities (p=0·01) and women's perception about access to water and importance of clean water (p=0·01). There was a significant association between ART adherence and belief about effectiveness of the antiretroviral drugs (p=0·01). Participants who were worried about their access to water were less likely to adhere to ART (adjusted OR=0·36 [95% CI 0·13–0·98]; p=0·046) and women who were worried about lack of a toilet facility in their house were less likely to adhere to ART (0·11 [0·03–0·39]; p=0·001).InterpretationAccess to water and toilet facilities influence ART adherence in women living with HIV or AIDS. Interventions aimed at improving ART adherence should include access to WASH facilities.FundingNone.
Decreased Hospital Readmissions for Vaso Occlusive Crisis with Implementation of a Sickle Cell Pain Action Plan (SPAP)
Authors: Kerry A Morrone, Deepti Kalluri, Jennifer G. Davila, Gifty Edusei, Basirat Shoberu, Janna Rosario, Lisa M. Figueiredo, Veronica P. Carullo, Meagan Weiss, Michael Rinke, Deepa Manwani
Journal: Blood (2017)
Clinical and functional characterization of telomerase variants in patients with pediatric acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Christopher G. Tomlinson, Ghadir Sasa, Geraldine Aubert, Bailey Martin-Giacalone, Sharon E. Plon, Tracy M. Bryan, Alison A. Bertuch, Maria M. Gramatges
Journal: Leukemia (2020)
Breast intraductal nanoformulations for treating ductal carcinoma in situ I: Exploring metal-ion complexation to slow ciclopirox release, enhance mammary persistence and efficacy
Authors: Firas Al-Zubaydi, Dayuan Gao, Dipti Kakkar, Shike Li, Derek Adler, Jennifer Holloway, Zoltan Szekely, Zichao Gu, Nancy Chan, Shicha Kumar, Susan Love, Patrick J. Sinko
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2020)
Physiological expression and function of the MDR1 transporter in cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Authors: Mei Lan Chen, Amy Sun, Wei Cao, Amber Eliason, Kayla M. Mendez, Adam J. Getzler, Shanel Tsuda, Huitian Diao, Clever Mukori, Nelson E. Bruno, Sang Yong Kim, Matthew E. Pipkin, Sergei B. Koralov, Mark S. Sundrud
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)

Multidrug resistance-1 (MDR1) acts as a chemotherapeutic drug efflux pump in tumor cells, although its physiological functions remain enigmatic. Using a recently developed MDR1-knockin reporter allele (Abcb1aAME), we found that constitutive MDR1 expression among hematopoietic cells was observed in cytolytic lymphocytes—including CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer cells—and regulated by Runt-related (Runx) transcription factors. Whereas MDR1 was dispensable for naive CD8+ T cell development, it was required for both the normal accumulation of effector CTLs following acute viral infection and the protective function of memory CTLs following challenge with an intracellular bacterium. MDR1 acted early after naive CD8+ T cell activation to suppress oxidative stress, enforce survival, and safeguard mitochondrial function in nascent CTLs. These data highlight an important endogenous function of MDR1 in cell-mediated immune responses and suggest that ongoing efforts to intentionally inhibit MDR1 in cancer patients could be counterproductive.
Academic oncologists’ attitudes and practices regarding the care of cancer patients at the end of life
Authors: L. Dias, E. Lamont
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

8572 Background: Despite the fact that cancer is the second leading cause of death in the US and represents the most frequent diagnosis among hospice patients, little is known about the factors that influence oncologists in their decision making around end of life care. Methods: We surveyed all clinically active medical oncology attending and fellow physicians at two affiliated academic medical centers eliciting oncologists’ attitudes and practices regarding care of cancer patients at the end of life. Included in the survey were a series of randomized vignettes describing patients with advanced solid tumors. Oncologists were asked to describe their next treatment recommendations. Results: Of the 181 oncologists contacted for survey participation, 116 (64%) returned completed questionnaires. Sixty six percent (77/116) of respondents were attending physicians and 34% (39/116) were fellows. Sixty-five percent favored concurrent treatment with third-line chemotherapy and hospice if insurance would allow. Eighty percent (93/116) agreed that patients with advanced cancer should be able to receive hospice care even if they are receiving anti-tumor therapies. Results of randomized scenarios suggest that advanced patient age was positively associated with earlier referral to hospice care and that prior treatment on a clinical trial, although not statistically significant, was modestly associated with delayed referral to hospice (1.49, 95% CI 0.71–3.11). Conclusions: Among oncologists at two academic centers, chemotherapy is an important modality for management of advanced cancer patients at the end of life. Therefore, insurance policies that prohibit chemotherapy for hospice patients may constrain oncologists in their management of such patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Relationship between impulsive sensation seeking traits, smoking, alcohol and caffeine intake, and Parkinson's disease.
Authors: AH Evans, AD Lawrence, J Potts, L MacGregor, R Katzenschlager, K Shaw, J Zijlmans, AJ Lees
Journal: BMJ (2006)

BACKGROUND: An inverse relation exists between smoking and coffee intake and Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study explored whether this is explained by low sensation seeking, a personality trait believed to characterise PD. METHODS: A total of 106 non-demented patients with PD and 106 age and sex matched healthy controls completed a short version of Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS), the Geriatric Depression Scale, and the Trait Anxiety Inventory. Data were collected on past and current cigarette smoking, and participants also completed food frequency questionnaires to estimate current caffeine and alcohol intake. RESULTS: Patients with PD had lower sensation seeking and higher depression and anxiety scores. They were also less likely to have ever smoked, and had lower caffeine and alcohol intakes. Analysis of the data using conditional logistic regression suggested that the inverse association of PD risk with sensation seeking was independent of smoking, and caffeine and alcohol intake. Moreover, low sensation seeking explained some of the apparent effect of caffeine and alcohol intake on PD. However, the effect of smoking was weakened only slightly when SSS was included in the regression model. CONCLUSION: This study raises the possibility that there is a neurobiological link between low sensation seeking traits--which might underlie the parkinsonian personality--and the hypothetical protective effect of cigarette smoking and caffeine consumption on PD.
A phase 3 study of rituximab biosimilar HLX01 in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Yuankai Shi, Yongping Song, Yan Qin, Qingyuan Zhang, Xiaohong Han, Xiaonan Hong, Dong Wang, Wei Li, Yang Zhang, Jifeng Feng, Jianmin Yang, Huilai Zhang, Chuan Jin, Yu Yang, Jianda Hu, Zhao Wang, Zhengming Jin, Hang Su, Huaqing Wang, Haiyan Yang, Weijun Fu, Mingzhi Zhang, Xiaohong Zhang, Yun Chen, Xiaoyan Ke, Li Liu, Ding Yu, Guo’an Chen, Xiuli Wang, Jie Jin, Tao Sun, Xin Du, Ying Cheng, Pingyong Yi, Xielan Zhao, Chaoming Ma, Jiancheng Cheng, Katherine Chai, Alvin Luk, Eugene Liu, Xin Zhang
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2020)

Abstract Rituximab in combination with chemotherapy has shown efficacy in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) for more than 15 years. HLX01 was developed as the rituximab biosimilar following a stepwise approach to demonstrate biosimilarity in analytical, pre-clinical, and clinical investigations to reference rituximab. With demonstrated pharmacokinetic similarity, a phase 3 multi-center, randomized, parallel, double-blind study (HLX01-NHL03) was subsequently conducted to compare efficacy and safety between HLX01 plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (H-CHOP) and reference rituximab plus CHOP (R-CHOP) in a total of 407 treatment-naïve, CD20-positive DLBCL patients aged 18–80 years. The primary efficacy endpoint was best overall response rate (ORR) within six cycles of treatment in the per-protocol set (PPS). Secondary endpoints included 1-year efficacy outcomes, safety, and immunogenicity profile. The results showed difference in ORRs [H-CHOP 94.1%; R-CHOP 92.8%] between two treatment groups was 1.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], − 3.59 to 6.32, p = 0.608) which falls within the pre-defined equivalence margin of ± 12%. The safety profile was comparable between the treatment groups, with a similar overall incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (H-CHOP 99.5%, R-CHOP 99.0%, p = 1.000) and serious adverse events (H-CHOP 34.0%, R-CHOP 32.5%, p = 0.752). This study established bioequivalence in efficacy and safety between HLX01 and reference rituximab. The trial was registered at http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn on 26 August 2015 [#CTR20150583].