tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Left Ventricular Scars at Autopsy in Persons Dying Suddenly of Coronary Artery Disease With or Without Earlier Myocardial Infarction
Authors: William C. Roberts
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Ramucirumab plus merestinib in previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: safety, pharmacokinetic, and preliminary efficacy findings from a Phase 1 study
Authors: M. Saleh, P. Cassier, L. Eberst, G. Naik, V. Morris II, S. Pant, C. Terret, L. Gao, A. Long, H. Mao, S. McNeely, R. Carlesi, S. Fu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Efficacy and safety of PEG-rhG-CSF in primary and secondary prevention of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.
Authors: Jun Zhu, Huiping Li, Zhengfu Fan, Yunong Gao, Meifeng Tu, Bin Shao, Tian Gao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

e19051 Background: This study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PEG-rhG-CSF (brand name:jinyouli) in primary and secondary prevention of CIN(chemotherapy-induced neutropenia). Methods: This is a single-center,one-arm clinical study.Patients with non-myeloid malignant tumors were enrolled. PEG-rhG-CSF was given subcutaneously at 24-48h after chemotherapy. The indicator was febrile neutropenia(FN) and IV grade absolute neutrophil count. Results: From January 2016 until June 2018,217 patients were enrolled including 119 lymphoma patients, 50 breast cancer patients, 30 bone tumor patients,18 gynecologic oncology patients, and While146 with primary prevention and 71 with secondary prevention. The incidence of FN was 5.0% (35/692), which was 4.3% (21/478) in the primary prevention patients and 6.5% (14/214) in the secondary prevention patients ( p= 0.233).Logistic regression analysis showed that the longer the treatment cycle, the lower the incidence of FN. Comparison of the indicators of different chemotherapy cycles showed that the IV grade absolute neutrophil count (ANC) reduction was significantly lower in the primary prevention patients than in the secondary prevention patients in the first cycle of chemotherapy[17.1%(25/146) vs.46.5%(33/70),p = 0.000],the incidence of FN and IV grade ANC reduction were significantly lower in the second cycle of treatment than in the first cycle(p &lt; 0.05).The adverse event were mainly bone pain, the incidence of 1/2 grade bone pain was 3.7% (8/217) and the incidence of grade 3/4 bone pain was 1.8% (4/217). Conclusions: The prevention of CIN with PEG-rhG-CSF after chemotherapy can effectively reduce the incidence of FN.For the first chemotherapy cycle, primary prevention is more effective than secondary prevention in preventing the incidence of IV grade ANC reduction. Clinical trial information: NCT02905916.
Pineal gland dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease: relationship with the immune-pineal axis, sleep disturbance, and neurogenesis
Authors: Juhyun Song
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2019)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a globally common neurodegenerative disease, which is accompanied by alterations to various lifestyle patterns, such as sleep disturbance. The pineal gland is the primary endocrine organ that secretes hormones, such as melatonin, and controls the circadian rhythms. The decrease in pineal gland volume and pineal calcification leads to the reduction of melatonin production. Melatonin has been reported to have multiple roles in the central nervous system (CNS), including improving neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, suppressing neuroinflammation, enhancing memory function, and protecting against oxidative stress. Recently, reduced pineal gland volume and pineal calcification, accompanied by cognitive decline and sleep disturbances have been observed in AD patients. Here, I review current significant evidence of the contribution of pineal dysfunction in AD to the progress of AD neuropathology. I suggest new insights to understanding the relationship between AD pathogenesis and pineal gland function.
Estimation of the global prevalence and burden of obstructive sleep apnoea: a literature-based analysis
Authors: Adam V Benjafield, Najib T Ayas, Peter R Eastwood, Raphael Heinzer, Mary S M Ip, Mary J Morrell, Carlos M Nunez, Sanjay R Patel, Thomas Penzel, Jean-Louis Pépin, Paul E Peppard, Sanjeev Sinha, Sergio Tufik, Kate Valentine, Atul Malhotra
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2019)
Heritable variation at the chromosome 21 gene ERG is associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk in children with and without Down syndrome
Authors: Adam J. de Smith, Kyle M. Walsh, Libby M. Morimoto, Stephen S. Francis, Helen M. Hansen, Soyoung Jeon, Semira Gonseth, Minhui Chen, Hanxiao Sun, Sandra Luna-Fineman, Federico Antillón, Verónica Girón, Alice Y. Kang, Ivan Smirnov, Xiaorong Shao, Todd P. Whitehead, Lisa F. Barcellos, Kent W. Jolly, Jasmine Healy, Caroline Laverdière, Daniel Sinnett, Jeffrey W. Taub, Jillian M. Birch, Pamela D. Thompson, Maria S. Pombo-de-Oliveira, Logan G. Spector, Andrew T. DeWan, Beth A. Mueller, Charleston Chiang, Catherine Metayer, Xiaomei Ma, Joseph L. Wiemels
Journal: Leukemia (2019)
New approach to adjuvant therapy in high-risk melanoma patients.
Authors: E. George Elias
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e13129 Background: Cutaneous melanoma is relatively chemoresistant, but it is an immunogenic tumor. However, it is very heterogenetic. As a result, the present adjuvant therapy has been met with limited success due to non-specifity of therapy. GM-CSF administration in cutaneous metastatic melanoma increases the number and activation of naive dendritic cells which are antigen presenting cells that can process tumor antigens, while IL-2 stimulates and activates mainly T cells. Hypothesis: The consequential administration of a single short course of both agents intradermally at the primary site, prior to its excision, can result in high tumor cell kill and forms a triad of autologous tumor cells, dendritic cells and and T lymphocytes. This triad can be capable of inducing cytotoxic cells that can be taken up by the lymphatics to regional lymph nodes (LN). Methods: Newly diagnosed high risk patients, each is to receive a single injection of GM-CSF: 500 microgram at the primary (biopsy) site on day # 1, followed by IL-2: 11 million IU/day injected at the same site on days 2 and 3, one week before the definitive surgery. Postoperatively, the patient is to receive low dose GM-CSF at 250 microgram twice/week, self-administered subcutaneously, to maintain the initial response. Results: In a pilot study, the pathological examination of rsected tissues from treated patient revealed complete tumor necrosis with massive histiocytosis at the primary site. Immunohistochemical studies showed overexpression of CD4+, CD8+, CD25+ and CD83+ both at the primary and LN. Conclusions: This non-toxic outpatient program is safe and well tolerated. It can initiate patient-specific and tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells that can overcome heterogeneity of the tumor and confers therapeutic specificity. It also establishes the lymphatic route of administration. Postoperative subcutaneous administration of GM-CSF is to systemically maintain the initial response. The beneficial effect of this approach on survival has to be evaluated in a prospective controlled randomized clinical trial.
Entry of glucose- and glutamine-derived carbons into the citric acid cycle supports early steps of HIV-1 infection in CD4 T cells
Authors: Isabelle Clerc, Daouda Abba Moussa, Zoi Vahlas, Saverio Tardito, Leal Oburoglu, Thomas J. Hope, Marc Sitbon, Valérie Dardalhon, Cédric Mongellaz, Naomi Taylor
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2019)
Isolated Small Bowel Metastasis From Gastric Cancer Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Qiuping Fan, Minggang Su
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Abstract Small bowel metastasis is rare. Most patients are diagnosed after presenting serious complications. The primary tumors generally arise from breast, lung, and melanoma, but rarely from the stomach. Here we present a case of a gastric cancer patient with asymptomatic small bowel metastasis diagnosed at staging using 18 F-FDG PET/CT. The bowel lesion could not be found on the full-dose CT component of PET/CT. Previous staging contrast CT also made a missed diagnosis. This case reminds us that PET/CT can be used to detect unsuspected metastasis. It may be suitable for routine initial staging, especially on a patient with poor prognosis.
Comparing nonverbal synchrony in racially concordant and racially discordant oncology interactions.
Authors: Lauren M. Hamel, Robert Moulder, Susan Eggly, Terrance Lynn Albrecht, Steven Boker, David W. Dougherty, Louis Penner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

11525 Background: Communication in racially discordant (Black patient, non-Black physician) oncology interactions, which constitute about 80% of Black patients’ interactions, is generally poorer than in racially concordant interactions, and likely contributes to treatment disparities. However, the nonverbal behaviors that contribute to this problem are largely unknown. We examined nonverbal synchrony, or the nonconscious coordination of movement, which can reflect relationship quality. We hypothesized that racially discordant interactions will have lower levels of nonverbal synchrony. Methods: Data include video recordings of 68 Black patients and 163 White patients discussing treatment with their non-Black oncologists. Recordings were submitted to motion detection software to measure nonverbal synchrony. This software measures global synchrony (all correlated motion), peak synchrony (all positively correlated motion), who is leading the interaction (similar to who is leading in ballroom dancing), and how much synchrony occurs based on who is leading the interaction. Using multi-level models, we investigated whether nonverbal synchrony differed in racially concordant and racially discordant dyads. Results: Findings showed greater levels of global synchrony (p &lt; .05) and greater peak synchrony (p &lt; .05) in racially discordant interactions compared to racially concordant interactions. Global synchrony was the same in racially concordant interactions regardless of who was leading, but greater global synchrony occurred in racially discordant interactions when the patient was leading (p &lt; .05). Conclusions: This is the first study to use a dynamic jointly determined measure of behavior to assess oncology interactions. Contrary to our hypothesis, nonverbal synchrony was greater in racially discordant interactions than in racially concordant interactions. It appears patients are driving more of the synchrony in racially discordant interactions. This may suggest that patients in racially discordant interactions adapt to their physicians to bridge racial differences. Findings could contribute to physician training to enhance coordination and outcomes in oncology interactions.
Tubular GM-CSF Promotes Late MCP-1/CCR2-Mediated Fibrosis and Inflammation after Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Leyuan Xu, Diana Sharkey, Lloyd G. Cantley
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2019)

Significance Statement Clinical evidence suggests that monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) may be a useful biomarker to identify patients at risk for kidney fibrosis and CKD progression. Using a mouse model of unilateral ischemia/reperfusion injury (U-IRI), the authors show that sustained GM-CSF expression by renal tubular cells markedly increases Mcp-1 expression in macrophages during the transition from normal kidney repair to maladaptive fibrosis. Eliminating CCR2, the receptor of MCP-1, by using genetic engineering or a drug that blocks CCR2 decreases the accumulation and persistence of macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells in the kidney, and reduces fibrosis and inflammation after a U-IRI. The results highlight the role of GM-CSF/MCP-1 signaling during the transition from AKI to CKD and suggest that therapeutic inhibition of MCP-1/CCR2 signaling may suppress kidney fibrosis. Background After bilateral kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), monocytes infiltrate the kidney and differentiate into proinflammatory macrophages in response to the initial kidney damage, and then transition to a form that promotes kidney repair. In the setting of unilateral IRI (U-IRI), however, we have previously shown that macrophages persist beyond the time of repair and may promote fibrosis. Methods Macrophage homing/survival signals were determined at 14 days after injury in mice subjected to U-IRI and in vitro using coculture of macrophages and tubular cells. Mice genetically engineered to lack Ccr2 and wild-type mice were treated ±CCR2 antagonist RS102895 and subjected to U-IRI to quantify macrophage accumulation, kidney fibrosis, and inflammation 14 and 30 days after the injury. Results Failure to resolve tubular injury after U-IRI results in sustained expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by renal tubular cells, which directly stimulates expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ( Mcp-1 ) by macrophages. Analysis of CD45 + immune cells isolated from wild-type kidneys 14 days after U-IRI reveals high-level expression of the MCP-1 receptor Ccr2 . In mice lacking Ccr2 and wild-type mice treated with RS102895, the numbers of macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cell decreased following U-IRI, as did the expression of profibrotic growth factors and proimflammatory cytokines. This results in a reduction in extracellular matrix and kidney injury markers. Conclusions GM-CSF–induced MCP-1/CCR2 signaling plays an important role in the cross-talk between injured tubular cells and infiltrating immune cells and myofibroblasts, and promotes sustained inflammation and tubular injury with progressive interstitial fibrosis in the late stages of U-IRI.
Antisynthetase antibodies in clinical laboratories: the importance of clinical correlation and indirect immunofluorescence. Response to: Comment on: ‘Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and antisynthetase syndrome: contribution of antisynthetase antibodies to improve current classification criteria’ by Greco <i>et al’</i> by Knitza <i>et al</i>
Authors: Martin Greco, Mª Jesus García de Yébenes, Inmaculada Alarcón, Anahy María Brandy-García, Íñigo Rúa-Figueroa, Estibaliz Loza, Loreto Carmona
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

classification criteria.
Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke Treated in Clinical Practice
Authors: Christopher C. Muth
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Reza Jahan, MD; Jeffrey L. Saver, MD; Lee H. Schwamm, MD; Gregg C. Fonarow, MD; Li Liang, PhD; Roland A. Matsouaka, PhD; Ying Xian, MD; DaJuanicia N. Holmes, MS; Eric D. Peterson, MD; Dileep Yavagal, MD; Eric E. Smith, MD, MPH
Association of residency work hour reform with long term quality and costs of care of US physicians: observational study
Authors: Anupam B Jena, Monica Farid, Daniel Blumenthal, Jay Bhattacharya
Journal: BMJ (2019)

Abstract Objective To determine whether 30 day mortality, 30 day readmissions, and inpatient spending vary according to whether physicians were exposed to work hour reforms during their residency. Design Retrospective observational study. Setting US Medicare. Participants 20% random sample (n=485 685) of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or more admitted to hospital and treated by a general internist during 2000-12. Main outcome measures 30 day mortality, 30 day readmissions, and inpatient Medicare Part B spending among patients treated by first year internists who were fully exposed to the 2003 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) work hour reforms during their residency (completed residency after 2006) compared with first year internists with partial or no exposure to reforms (completed residency before 2006). Senior internists not exposed to reforms during their residency served as a control group (10th year internists) for general trends in hospital care: a difference-in-difference analysis. Results Exposure of physicians to work hour reforms during their residency was not associated with statistically significant differences in 30 day mortality, 30 day readmissions, or inpatient spending. Among 485 685 hospital admissions, 30 day mortality rates during 2000-06 and 2007-12 for patients of first year internists were 10.6% (12 567 deaths/118 014 hospital admissions) and 9.6% (13 521/140 529), respectively, and for 10th year internists were 11.2% (11 018/98 811) and 10.6% (13 602/128 331), for an adjusted difference-in-difference effect of −0.1 percentage points (95% confidence interval −0.8% to 0.6%, P=0.68). 30 day readmission rates for first year internists during 2000-06 and 2007-12 were 20.4% (24 074/118 014) and 20.4% (28 689/140 529), respectively, and for 10th year internists were 20.1% (19 840/98 811) and 20.5% (26 277/128 331), for an adjusted difference-in-difference effect of 0.1 percentage points (−0.9% to 1.1%, P=0.87). Medicare Part B inpatient spending for first year internists during 2000-06 and 2007-12 was $1161 (£911; €1024) and $1267 per hospital admission, respectively, and for 10th year internists was $1331 and $1599, for an adjusted difference-in-difference effect of −$46 (95% confidence interval −$94 to $2, P=0.06). Conclusions Exposure of internists to work hour reforms during their residency was not associated with post-training differences in patient mortality, readmissions, or costs of care.
Hamartoma of Mature Cardiac Myocytes Mimicking Malignancy on 18F-FDG PET/CT Images
Authors: Yang Jiang, Xiaowei Ma, Yanlin Tan, Qingqing Lu, Yunhua Wang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Hamartoma of mature cardiac myocytes is an extremely rare type of benign cardiac tumor with a slow growth rate and generally occurs in adults. We report a case with hamartoma of mature cardiac myocytes of the right auricle demonstrating intense F-FDG uptake and a large amount of pericardial effusion on PET/CT mimicking malignancy in a 41-year-old man. Hamartoma of mature cardiac myocytes should be considered among the differential diagnoses when an F-FDG-avid primary focal cardiac mass is found in patients with malignant features on PET/CT imaging.
Incidental Detection of Ovarian Thecoma by 99mTc-MDP Whole-Body Bone Scan
Authors: Linqi Zhang, Qiao He, Tao Zhou, Rusen Zhang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Abstract Ovarian thecoma is a benign and rare neoplasm that accounts for 0.5% to 1% of all ovarian tumors. A 55-year-old woman with known breast cancer underwent a metastatic workup before surgery. The 99m Tc-MDP whole-body bone scan revealed intense uptake in the left pelvic region. Hybrid SPECT/CT imaging showed that the elevated 99m Tc-MDP activity was in a tumor with calcification in the left adnexa. Dynamic enhanced MRI revealed marked enhancement of the tumor. Resection of the tumor was subsequently performed, and pathologic analysis confirmed the diagnosis of an ovarian thecoma.
Outcomes of nivolumab (NIVO)-treated patients (pts) with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) in United States community oncology practice.
Authors: Eric Nadler, Janet Espirito, Thomas Wilson, Komal Gupte-Singh, Sumati Rao, Beata Korytowsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

119 Background: The phase 3 Checkmate 017 and 057 trials demonstrated improved survival of NIVO vs. chemotherapy in pts who progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy for aNSCLC, regardless of histology (squamous [SQ]/non-squamous [NSQ]) and PD-L1 expression. Real-world (RW) long-term effectiveness data with PD-1 inhibitors are limited. This study evaluated RW adoption of I-O and outcomes of NIVO-treated pts with aNSCLC in community practices, overall and by histology. Methods: This retrospective observational study of US Oncology Network electronic health records and supplemental chart abstraction followed a cohort of pts with aNSCLC receiving PD-1 inhibitors for ≥17 months, from initial FDA approval, 03/2015 through 10/2017. Pts in clinical trials or receiving treatment for other malignancies were excluded. Demographic and clinical features were characterized. Duration of therapy (DOT) and overall survival (OS) were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Of 217 included pts, 203 received NIVO; outcomes for 14 receiving pembrolizumab are not presented. NIVO was administered as first-line (1L) therapy in 15 pts, 2L+ therapy in 188 pts (n = 134 LOT2, n = 54 LOT3-4). For all 2L+ pts treated with a PD-1 inhibitor, median age was 70 years, 57% were male, 73% had NSQ histology, and 82% had ECOG performance status of 0-1. All pts with biomarker data were ALK negative and 5% were EGFR positive. Approximately 13% of pts had PD-L1 testing, of whom 6% were positive (expression &gt; 1%). For 2L+, DOT (median months [mos], 95% CI) was 3.5 (3.0, 4.1) in the overall population, 3.3 (1.9, 4.2) with SQ, and 3.6 (2.3, 4.6) with NSQ histology. Of all 2L+ pts, 30.3% (95% CI 23.9%, 37.0%) remained on treatment at 6 mos. For 2L+, OS (median mos, 95% CI) was 8.7 (7.6, 11.0) overall, 7.0 (3.8, 9.1) with SQ, and 10.5 (8.4, 13.3) with NSQ histology; 1-year OS was 35%. Conclusions: RW DOT and OS for 2L+ NIVO treatment of aNSCLC were similar to outcomes reported in the phase 3 Checkmate 017 and 057 trials, with longer DOT and greater OS in patients with NSQ histology. Few RW pts had PD-L1 testing in this 2L+setting. Future analyses are needed to assess the uptake of PD-1 inhibitors for 1L treatment of aNSCLC.