tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Centenarian longevity is positively correlated with IgE levels but negatively correlated with C3/C4 levels, abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome
Authors: Shihui Fu, Yulong Li, Fu Zhang, Fuxin Luan, Faqin Lv, Juelin Deng, Yali Zhao, Yao Yao
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2020)
Abstract 11531: Beneficial Effects of Renal Sympathetic Denervation on Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling and Left Ventricular Function in Experimental Pulmonary Artery Hypertension
Authors: Qingyan Zhao, Zixuan Dai, Xiaozhan Wang, Jinping Xiao, Xule Wang, Zongwen Guo, Congxin Huang
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: The sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) have been reported to be activated in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Hypothesis: This study tested the hypothesis that renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) decrease RAAS activity and inhibit pulmonary vascular remodeling in experimental PAH. Methods: Nineteen beagles were randomized into control (n=6), PAH (n=7) and PAH[[Unable to Display Character: ]]RSD (n=6) groups. Animals underwent percutaneous pulmonary artery catheterization to measure pulmonary hemodynamics before and 8 weeks after injection of 0.1 ml/kg dimethylformamide (Control dogs) or 2 mg/kg dehydromonocrotaline (PAH and PAH[[Unable to Display Character: ]]RSD dogs). The dogs in the PAH[[Unable to Display Character: ]]RSD group received double renal artery ablation before injection. Eight weeks after injection, levels of Angiotensin II (Ang II), pulmonary arterial tissue morphology and cardiac function were measured. Results: The levels of Ang...
Medical Education Takes a Step in the Right Direction
Authors: Matthew A. Crane, Howard A. Chang, Razvan Azamfirei
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Stability of regulatory T cells in T helper 2–biased allergic airway diseases
Authors: Feng Lan, Nan Zhang, Claus Bachert, Luo Zhang
Journal: Allergy (2020)

Regulatory T (Treg) cells potentially suppress the deleterious activities of effector T cells and maintain a state of tolerance against antigens in the airway mucosa. A decrease in the number and function of Treg cells is observed in T helper 2 (Th2)-biased allergic airway diseases. However, adoptive transfer of naturally occurring Treg (tTreg) cells or peripherally derived Treg (pTreg) cells in asthmatic mouse models did not yield satisfactory results in any previous studies. Here, we review the recent progress in the identification and plasticity of tTreg and pTreg cells in Th2-biased airway diseases and summarize the factors affecting the stability and function of Treg cells. This review may serve as foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the stability of tTreg and pTreg cells and development of effective strategies for treating allergic airway diseases.
SARS-CoV-2 induced diarrhoea as onset symptom in patient with COVID-19
Authors: Y Song, P Liu, X L Shi, Y L Chu, J Zhang, J Xia, X Z Gao, T Qu, M Y Wang
Journal: Gut (2020)

We read with great interest the recent publication by Kumar et al , concerning gastrointestinal tract (GIT) symptoms (vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain) among hospitalised children admitted with H1N1 influenza A virus infection.1 They have concluded that patients with GIT symptoms should not be ignored for the virus infectivity, especially during the outbreak period. Now the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) beginning in Wuhan has rapidly spread around China and other countries.2 According to the latest reports, the most common symptoms at onset of illness included fever, fatigue, dry cough, myalgia and dyspnoea, and the less common symptoms were headache, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting.3 Few patients initially presented with only GIT symptoms were reported.

On 29 January 2020, a 22-year-old man presented himself to the local fever clinic, with a 4-day history of diarrhoea and low-grade fever. The highest temperature was 38.3°C, and diarrhoea was …
Abstract P147: Genome Wide Assessment of Shared Genetic Architecture Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Cardiovascular Diseases Using the UK Biobank Data
Authors: Yanjun Guo, Wonil Chung, Zhilei Shan, Liming Liang
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Patients with RA have a 2-10 folds increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and CVD accounts for almost 50% of the excess mortality in patients with RA when compared with general population, but the mechanisms underlying such associations are largely unknown. Methods: We examined the genetic correlation, causality, and shared genetic variants between RA (Ncase=6,756, Ncontrol=452,476) and CVD (Ncase=44,246, Ncontrol=414,986) using LD Score regression (LDSC), generalized summary-data-based Mendelian Randomization (GSMR), and cross-trait meta-analysis in the UK Biobank Data. Results: In the present study, RA was significantly genetically correlated with MI, angina, CHD, and CVD after correcting for multiple testing (Rg ranges from 0.40 to 0.43, P&lt;0.05/5). Interestingly, when stratified by frequent usage of aspirin and paracetamol, we observed increased genetic correlation between RA and CVD for participants without aspirin usage ( Rg increased to 0.54 [95%CI: 0.54, 0.78] for angina; P value=6.69х10 -6 ), and for participants with usage of paracetamol ( Rg increased to 0.75 [95%CI: 0.20, 1.29] for MI; P value=8.90х10 -3 ). Cross-trait meta-analysis identified 9 independent loci that were shared between RA and at least one of the genetically correlated CVD traits including PTPN22 at chr1p13.2 , BCL2L11 at chr2q13 , and CCR3 at chr3p21.31 ( P single trait &lt;1х10 -3 and P meta &lt;5х10 -8 ) highlighting potential shared etiology between them which include accelerating atherosclerosis and upregulating oxidative stress and vascular permeability. Finally, Mendelian randomization analyses observed inconsistent instrumental effects and were unable to conclude the causality and directionality between RA and CVD. Conclusion: Our results supported positive genetic correlation between RA and multiple cardiovascular traits, and frequent usage of aspirin and paracetamol may modify their associations, but instrumental analyses were unable to conclude the causality and directionality between them.
Gefitinib (ZD-1839) with concurrent docetaxel and conformal three-dimensional thoracic radiation followed by consolidative docetaxel/gefitinib for patients with stage III NSCLC: A phase I study
Authors: A. Blackstock, J. Petty, T. Oaks, M. Porosnicu, H. Clark, J. Lovato, A. Miller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

18165 Background: The safety of 3-dimensional (3D) conformal thoracic radiation delivered with concurrent gefitinib/docetaxel chemotherapy in patients with inoperable stage III NSCLC has not been evaluated. Methods: Patients with inoperable stage III NSCLC received weekly intravenous (i.v.) docetaxel starting at a dose of 15 mg/m 2 escalating to 30 mg/m 2 in 5 mg/m 2 increments and daily gefitinib (250 mg given orally). Patients recieved concurrent thoracic radiation to a dose of 70 Gy utilizing 3-D techniques. The chemoradiation therapy was followed by 2 cycles of consolidative docetaxel (75 mg/m 2 ) given q 21 days and gefitinib 250 mg p.o. for 1 year or until disease progression. Results: Beginning December 2003, 15 patients have been entered to date to this IRB approved phase I trial to determine the maximum tolerated dose of weekly docetaxel when given concurrent with gefitinib and thoracic radiation. The dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) observed were primarily non-hematologic and occured at dose level 3 (25 mg/m 2 ). One patient experienced grade III esophagitis that resulted in a grade III dehydration, a second patient experienced grade III diarrhea while a third patient suffered a grade V interstitial pneumonitis, believed to be related to the gefinitib. While 14 of 15 patients completed the chemoradiation portion of the study and 2 patients completed all planned therapy, 4 patients progressed during therapy, 3 patients discontinued treatment due to toxicity, and 2 patients refused to continue treatment. The median and 1-year survival thus far is 21 months and 56%, respectively. Conclusions: 70 Gy conformal thoracic radiation and concurrent gefitinib/docetaxel thus far appears feasible but with modest toxicity. The study is currently enrolling patients at the weekly 20 mg/m 2 docetaxel dose level concurrent with 250 mg of daily gefitinib. This study was supported in-part by Sanofi-Aventis and Astra Zeneca. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract P162: Different Types of Health Insurance are Associated With Varying Levels of Glycemic Control and Insulin Resistance: The Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Rebecca Gold, Jonathan Unkart, Robyn McClelland, Todd Gilmer, Alain G Bertoni, Matthew A Allison
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Health insurance may influence patient access and care, and thereby glycemic control. In this study, we assessed associations of insurance status with measures of glucose regulation and whether these associations varied by different insurance types, diabetes status, and/or diabetes medication use. Methods: We used baseline data (2000-2002) from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis ( N = 6,627), a cohort study of adults from four racial/ethnic groups without clinically apparent cardiovascular disease. Using multivariable linear regression to adjust for confounders (age, race, sex, study site, usual site of medical care, alcohol and tobacco use, education, income, dyslipidemia, hypertension, BMI), we measured associations of insurance status and insurance type with fasting glucose and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results: Approximately 50% of the cohort were female and the mean age and BMI were 62y and 28 kg/m 2 , respectively. Overall, 598 (9%) participants were uninsured, while 6,029 (3,343-Private, 830-Medicare, 104- Medicaid, 77-Military, 1,675-Multiple) had insurance. Fourteen percent of the total cohort had diabetes. The proportion of undiagnosed diabetes was higher in uninsured (5%) compared with insured (3%). Compared to the uninsured, insured participants had significantly lower fasting glucose (Table 1). This association persisted only among participants with diabetes. Private, Medicare, and Multiple insurance types were associated with lower fasting glucose, and only among participants with diabetes. Notably, Medicaid was associated with higher HOMA-IR. Conclusion: In this large multiethnic cohort, health insurance was associated with significantly lower fasting glucose. These findings demonstrate insurance coverage is relevant towards improving glycemic control in patients with diabetes. However, our study also highlights nuances and limitations to this relationship, suggesting that all types of insurance may not be equivalent.
Personalized surveillance and prognostication of patients undergoing kidney cancer surgery: The 15-year UCLA experience
Authors: A. S. Belldegrun, S. Riggs, N. Zomorodian, A. J. Pantuck, T. Klatte, F. F. Kabbinavar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

5045 Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a heterogeneous disease with varying biology, clinical manifestations, and outcome. An evolving understanding of prognostic factors for patients is leading toward individualized surveillance as well as treatment. We reviewed our large single center experience trying to maximize prognostication and surveillance for each patient. Methods: The charts of 1,825 patients with renal masses from 1989–2006 were reviewed and 263 variables/patient were recorded. 1,492 underwent partial or radical nephrectomy with the final histology being RCC. Statistical analysis was performed via Cox regression and concordance models. This enabled us to investigate the Surveillance &amp; Prognosis University of California Integrated Staging System (S&amp;P-UISS), a 3-tiered group system for based on low (LR), intermediate (IR) and high risk (HR) categorization separately for both non-metastatic (NM) and metastatic (M) patients, and to compare its prognostic accuracy with the current TNM classification. Results: Of all patients analyzed 66% were male. A Fuhrman grade of 1, 2, 3 and 4 was assigned to 179 (12.3%), 675 (46.5%), 485 (33.4%), and 114 patients (7.8%), respectively. ECOG performance status was 0, 1, 2 and 3 in 768 (52.1%), 652 (44.3%), 51 (3.5%), and 2 (0.1%), respectively. The disease-specific survival (%) for NM LR (n=326, 22%), IR (n=464, 32%), and HR (n=121, 8%) patients was, respectively, 97, 81, 62 at 5 years; 92, 46, 41 at 10 years; 92, 45, 20 at 15 years. For M LR (n=78, 5%), IR (n=406, 28%) and HR (n=58, 4%) survival was 41, 18, 8 at 5 years; 31, 7, 0 at 10 years; and 31, 0, 0 at 15 years, respectively. Based on concordance statistics, S&amp;P-UISS predicted disease-specific survival better than the 2002 TNM system. Conclusions: The S&amp;P-UISS system is a highly reliable and reproducible predictor of mortality following surgical therapy for localized and metastatic RCC. Surveillance and personal treatments should be individualized for a particular patient based on risk group categorization following surgery for their primary tumor. Accurate prognostication allows personal tailoring for treatments as well as allocation into clinical trials. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract P509: Olive Oil Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Marta Guasch, Gang Liu, Yanping Li, Laura Sampson, Joann E Manson, Jordi Salas-Salvado, Miguel A Martinez-Gonzalez, Meir J Stampfer, Walter Willett, Qi Sun, Frank B Hu
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Olive oil intake has been associated with lower risk of cardiometabolic risk factors in Mediterranean populations, but little is known about these associations in the U.S. population, where olive oil intake is relatively low. Objectives: To examine whether olive oil intake is associated with total Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke risk. Methods: We included 63,867 women from the Nurses’ Health Study (1990 to 2014) and 35,512 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1990 to 2014) who were free of cancer, heart disease, and stroke at baseline. Diet was assessed using food frequency questionnaires at baseline and then every 4 years. Cumulative average of intake was used in the primary analysis. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results: During 24 years of follow-up, we documented 10,240 incident cases of CVD, including 6,270 CHD cases and 3,970 stroke cases. After adjusting for major diet and lifestyle factors, compared with non-consumers, those with higher olive oil intake (&gt;1/2 tablespoon/d or &gt; 7g/d) had 15% lower risk of total CVD [pooled hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.85 (0.77, 0.93)] and 21% lower risk of CHD [pooled hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.79 (0.70, 0.89)]. No significant associations were observed for total stroke or ischemic stroke. We estimated that replacing 5g of margarine, butter, mayonnaise, or dairy fat with the equivalent amount of olive oil was associated with 5-7% lower risk of total CVD and CHD. No significant associations were observed when olive oil was compared with other plant oils combined (corn, safflower, soybean and canola oil). Conclusions: Higher olive oil intake was associated with a lower risk of CHD and total CVD in two large prospective cohorts of U.S. men and women. The substitution of margarine, butter, mayonnaise, and dairy fat with olive oil might lead to a lower risk for CHD and CVD.
Sit-stand endoscopic workstations with wobble stools for the endoscopist, assistant, and endoscopy nurses in an endoscopy unit
Authors: Mafu Tsunemi, Ippei Matsuzaki, Masashi Hattori, Takeshi Ebara, Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

A high prevalence (37 % – 89 %) of endoscopy-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), partly due to sustained standing during endoscopy, has been reported [1] [2]. The endoscopist, assistant, and endoscopy nurses often spend a long time standing during endoscopic examinations and procedures ([Fig. 1 a]). Optimizing ergonomics may protect the well-being and improve the performance of endoscopy staff [3].
Comparing the 5-Year Diabetes Outcomes of Sleeve Gastrectomy and Gastric Bypass
Authors: Kathleen M. McTigue, Robert Wellman, Elizabeth Nauman, Jane Anau, R. Yates Coley, Alberto Odor, Julie Tice, Karen J. Coleman, Anita Courcoulas, Roy E. Pardee, Sengwee Toh, Cheri D. Janning, Neely Williams, Andrea Cook, Jessica L. Sturtevant, Casie Horgan, David Arterburn
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

Bariatric surgery can lead to substantial improvements in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), but outcomes vary across procedures and populations. It is unclear which bariatric procedure has the most benefits for patients with T2DM.To evaluate associations of bariatric surgery with T2DM outcomes.This cohort study was conducted in 34 US health system sites in the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network Bariatric Study. Adult patients with T2DM who had bariatric surgery between January 1, 2005, and September 30, 2015, were included. Data analysis was conducted from April 2017 to August 2019.Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG).Type 2 diabetes remission, T2DM relapse, percentage of total weight lost, and change in glycosylated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c).A total of 9710 patients were included (median [interquartile range] follow-up time, 2.7 [2.9] years; 7051 female patients [72.6%]; mean [SD] age, 49.8 [10.5] years; mean [SD] BMI, 49.0 [8.4]; 6040 white patients [72.2%]). Weight loss was significantly greater with RYGB than SG at 1 year (mean difference, 6.3 [95% CI, 5.8-6.7] percentage points) and 5 years (mean difference, 8.1 [95% CI, 6.6-9.6] percentage points). The T2DM remission rate was approximately 10% higher in patients who had RYGB (hazard ratio, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.04-1.16]) than those who had SG. Estimated adjusted cumulative T2DM remission rates for patients who had RYGB and SG were 59.2% (95% CI, 57.7%-60.7%) and 55.9% (95% CI, 53.9%-57.9%), respectively, at 1 year and 86.1% (95% CI, 84.7%-87.3%) and 83.5% (95% CI, 81.6%-85.1%) at 5 years postsurgery. Among 6141 patients who experienced T2DM remission, the subsequent T2DM relapse rate was lower for those who had RYGB than those who had SG (hazard ratio, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.67-0.84]). Estimated relapse rates for those who had RYGB and SG were 8.4% (95% CI, 7.4%-9.3%) and 11.0% (95% CI, 9.6%-12.4%) at 1 year and 33.1% (95% CI, 29.6%-36.5%) and 41.6% (95% CI, 36.8%-46.1%) at 5 years after surgery. At 5 years, compared with baseline, hemoglobin A1c was reduced 0.45 (95% CI, 0.27-0.63) percentage points more for patients who had RYGB vs patients who had SG.In this large multicenter study, patients who had RYGB had greater weight loss, a slightly higher T2DM remission rate, less T2DM relapse, and better long-term glycemic control compared with those who had SG. These findings can help inform patient-centered surgical decision-making.
Microbiome alterations in IBS
Authors: Ian B Jeffery, Eileen O'Herlihy, Fergus Shanahan, Paul W O' Toole
Journal: Gut (2020)

We commend the editors of Gut for publishing the article by Hugerth et al 1 given that negative results are conspicuously missing from the microbiome literature. The paper reports that in a randomly recruited Swedish cohort of individuals meeting Rome IV criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), there was marked heterogeneity of the gut microbiota, but no distinct ‘signature’ was evident. However, some qualifying caveats for future research are worth highlighting.

First, while the overall pool of study subjects was drawn from a large population of volunteers, the actual numbers studied by Hugerth et al 1 with respect to IBS were modest: 63 sigmoid biopsy samples from confirmed IBS cases, and 32 …
Integrated Drug Reviews at the US Food and Drug Administration—Legal Concerns and Knowledge Lost
Authors: Matthew Herder, Christopher J. Morten, Peter Doshi
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal