tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Resistance to antiangiogenic therapy is directed by vascular phenotype, vessel stabilization, and maturation in malignant melanoma
Authors: Iris Helfrich, Inka Scheffrahn, Sönke Bartling, Joachim Weis, Verena von Felbert, Mark Middleton, Masahi Kato, Süleyman Ergün, Hellmut G. Augustin, Dirk Schadendorf
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2010)

Angiogenesis is not only dependent on endothelial cell invasion and proliferation, it also requires pericyte coverage of vascular sprouts for stabilization of vascular walls. Clinical efficacy of angiogenesis inhibitors targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway is still limited to date. We hypothesized that the level of vessel maturation is critically involved in the response to antiangiogenic therapies. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the vascular network in spontaneously developing melanomas of MT/ret transgenic mice after using PTK787/ZK222584 for anti-VEGF therapy but also analyzed human melanoma metastases taken at clinical relapse in patients undergoing adjuvant treatment using bevacizumab. Both experimental settings showed that tumor vessels, which are resistant to anti-VEGF therapy, are characterized by enhanced vessel diameter and normalization of the vascular bed by coverage of mature pericytes and immunoreactivity for desmin, NG-2, platelet-derived growth factor receptor β, and the late-stage maturity marker α smooth muscle actin. Our findings emphasize that the level of mural cell differentiation and stabilization of the vascular wall significantly contribute to the response toward antiangiogenic therapy in melanoma. This study may be useful in paving the way toward a more rational development of second generation antiangiogenic combination therapies and in providing, for the first time, a murine model to study this.
DO ADVANCED COLONOSCOPISTS PERFORM BETTER?
Authors: S Afify, T Archer, E Eldesoky, M Thoufeeq
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Colonoscopy is the ‘gold standard’ investigation for assessment of the large bowel which detects and prevents colorectal cancer, as well as non-neoplastic conditions. The Joint Advisory Group (JAG) on GI Endoscopy suggests monitoring key performance indicators such as CIR and the ADR. There has been a drive to increase utilization of endoscopy units nationwide in the UK by offering extra endoscopy lists during weekends and evenings to deal with increasing service demands. Our aim was to investigate the quality of colonoscopies carried out during Saturdays and evening lists in our unit and compare against JAG standards of quality for colonoscopies.
Blood Culture Results Before and After Antimicrobial Administration in Patients With Severe Manifestations of Sepsis
Authors: Matthew P. Cheng, Robert Stenstrom, Katryn Paquette, Sarah N. Stabler, Murtaza Akhter, Adam C. Davidson, Marko Gavric, Alexander Lawandi, Rehman Jinah, Zahid Saeed, Koray Demir, Kelly Huang, Amirali Mahpour, Chris Shamatutu, Chelsea Caya, Jean-Marc Troquet, Greg Clark, Cedric P. Yansouni, David Sweet
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

This prospective investigation evaluated whether the sensitivity of blood cultures was altered when they were obtained after antibiotic administration in patients with severe manifestations of sepsis.
LUMEN APPOSING METAL STENTS RELATED ADVERSE EVENTS. RESULTS FROM A NATIONWIDE PROSPECTIVE REGISTRY
Authors: S Bazaga, JR Aparicio, V Sanchiz, J Gornals, C Loras, R Pedraza, A Terán, E Vazquez-Sequeiros, J Vila, A Guardiola, C Guarner, C Huertas, F Garcia-Fernandez, B Bernad, A Perez, R Villanueva, F Gonzalez-Huix, I Pinto, A Vilella, JL Castro, J Colán, J Nuñez-Otero, JC Subtil, L Pérez-Carazo, I Couto, E Sanchez, F Uceda, B Martinez, FJ Garcia-Alonso, C de la Serna, M Perez-Miranda
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Describe the number, type and severity of adverse events associated to lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) in a real-life setting.
Outcomes Following Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment of Patients With Microsatellite Instability-High Cancers
Authors: Fausto Petrelli, Michele Ghidini, Antonio Ghidini, Gianluca Tomasello
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

The mismatch repair (MMR) pathway plays a crucial role in repairing DNA replication errors in normal and cancer cells. Defects in DNA MMR proteins that determine the microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) condition lead to the accumulation of mutations and the generation of neoantigens, which may stimulate the antitumor immune response. Clinical trials have demonstrated that MSI-H status is associated with long-term benefit in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).To evaluate the activity of ICIs in terms of overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with MSI-H cancers.Published articles that evaluated ICIs in the treatment of advanced MSI-H tumors from inception to December 2019 were identified by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases.Prospective or retrospective studies, published in the English language, providing outcome data with ICIs in patients with MSI-H cancer were selected.Author and year of publication, type of studies, diseases included, median follow up, type of ICI, median OS ,and PFS, ORR, DCR and 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS were retrieved. Analysis was performed in December 2019.The primary outcome of interest was ORR. Secondary end points were median PFS, median OS, pooled rate of patients alive at 1, 2 ,and 3 years, and pooled rate of patients that attained disease control rate ([DCR] calculated as the sum of stable disease rate and ORR).Overall, 939 patients (14 studies) were analyzed mainly in pretreated settings. The pooled ORR was 41.5% (95% CI, 34.9%-48.4%). The pooled DCR was 62.8% (95% CI, 54.5%-70.3%). Pooled median PFS was 4.3 months (95% CI, 3-6.8 months). The pooled median OS was 24 months (95% CI, 20.1-28.5 months). The pooled 1- and 2-year OS were 75.6% (95% CI, 61.8%-85.5%) and 56.5% (95% CI, 46%-66.4%), respectively. Because only 1 study provided 3-year OS data, a formal pooled analysis for 3 years was not possible.In this meta-analysis of patients with pretreated MSI-H cancer, ICIs were associated with high activity independent of tumor type and drug used. Among molecular biomarkers for selection of treatment, MMR proteins may have a predictive value for the activity of immunotherapy.
THE SIERRA LEONE ENDOSCOPY PROJECT, USING SOCIAL MEDIA TO ENGAGE WITH PATIENTS AND PHYSICIANS IN A RESOURCE POOR SETTING
Authors: J Catlow, B Campbell, R Bevan, D Nylander
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Sierra Leone is a resource poor country in Subsaharan Africa. Medical services are rudimentary, with no previous adult endoscopy. Since 2016 our team of UK endoscopists and endoscopy nurses have developed a sustainable endoscopy service model in Freetown, providing training to international quality standards.
Three Methods of Opioid Detoxification in a Primary Care Setting
Authors: Patrick G. O'Connor, Kathleen M. Carroll, Julia M. Shi, Richard S. Schottenfeld, Thomas R. Kosten, Bruce J. Rounsaville
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Opioid detoxification in a primary care setting followed by ongoing substance abuse treatment may be appropriate for selected opioid-dependent patients. Objective: To compare three phar...
Unified definition of relapse-free survival should be used for evaluating survival benefit in oesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Weizheng Li
Journal: Gut (2020)

With great interest, I read the report1 by Turkington et al and applaud their proposed DNA damage immune response (DDIR) assay, which could predict survival benefit from DNA-damaging neoadjuvant chemotherapy following surgical resection in oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). However, the definition of relapse-free survival (RFS) in their study was not widely accepted, leading to poor comparability among studies.

In the present study, RFS was defined as …
Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) of the notch-signaling pathway is expressed in endothelial cells of glioblastoma: Possible target for antiangiogenesis
Authors: M Preusser, H Breitschopf, K Roessler, T Czech, K Dieckmann, C Marosi, A L Harris, J A Hainfellner
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2006)
General Practice, Today and Tomorrow
Authors: Joseph S. Collings, Donald M. Clark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

In the first part of this report reference was made to the lack of definition of general practice. Because of this lack, with its resulting ambiguities of status, limitations and responsibilities, many young physicians are unwilling to take up what appears to be an outstandingly thankless form of medical practice. Such a situation gives rise to a vicious circle prejudicial alike to the best interests of the medical profession and the public.Is it, then, possible to define and describe what the general practitioner of the future must know and must do? This is quite possible, and can best be . . .
Glycolytic activation of monocytes regulates the accumulation and function of neutrophils in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhi-Peng Peng, Ze-Zhou Jiang, Hao-Fan Guo, Meng-Meng Zhou, Yu-Fan Huang, Wan-Ru Ning, Jin-Hua Huang, Limin Zheng, Yan Wu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Weight Loss Reduces the Risk for Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis in Women
Authors: David T. Felson, Yuqing Zhang, John M. Anthony, Allan Naimark, Jennifer J. Anderson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To evaluate the effect of weight loss in preventing symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in women. Design: Cohort analytic study. Setting: The Framingham Study, based on a sample of a defined population. Patients: Women who participated in the Framingham Knee Osteoarthritis Study (1983 to 1985): Sixty-four out of 796 women studied had recent-onset symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (knee symptoms plus radiographically confirmed osteoarthritis) were compared with women without disease. Measurements: Recalled date of symptom onset was used as the incident date of disease. Historical weight was defined as baseline body mass index up to 12 years before symptom onset. Change in body mass index was assessed at several intervals before the current examination. Odds ratios assessing the association between weight change and knee osteoarthritis were adjusted for age, baseline body mass index, history of previous knee injury, habitual physical activity level, occupational physical labor, smoking status, and attained education. Results: Weight change significantly affected the risk for the development of knee osteoarthritis. For example, a decrease in body mass index of 2 units or more (weight loss, approximately 5.1 kg) over the 10 years before the current examination decreased the odds for developing osteoarthritis by over 50% (odds ratio, 0.46; 95% Cl, 0.24 to 0.86; P = 0.02). Among those women with a high risk for osteoarthritis due to elevated baseline body mass index (> 25), weight loss also decreased the risk (for 2 units of body mass index, odds ratio, 0.41 ; P = 0.02). Weight gain was associated with a slightly increased risk for osteoarthritis, which was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Weight loss reduces the risk for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in women.
Algorithm for the classification of COVID-19 rashes
Authors: Daniel Ortega-Quijano, Juan Jimenez-Cauhe, Gerald Selda-Enriquez, Montserrat Fernandez-Guarino, Diego Fernandez-Nieto
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)

Up to 20% of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 develop cutaneous manifestations such as erythematous rash, rash with petechiae, vesicular rash, acral ischemia, livedo reticularis, and widespread urticaria.1Joob B. Wiwanitkit V. COVID-19 can present with a rash and be mistaken for dengue.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020; 82: e177Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (337) Google Scholar,2Recalcati S. Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a first perspective.J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020; 34: e212-e213Crossref PubMed Scopus (928) Google Scholar The appropriate classification of these manifestations, crucial for accurate scientific research, depends on physical examination and cannot be correctly assessed with teledermatology. To make classification easier, our suggestion is a simple algorithm that can be easily performed by patients, general practitioners, and intensive care unit professionals on the front lines who are confronting coronavirus disease 2019 and not used to dermatologic examination (Fig 1). When patients with generalized exanthem from coronavirus disease 2019 are examined, the first step is to look for the presence of vesicles or secondary erosions with crusts (Fig 2, F). If these are absent, a blanching component can be easily assessed by firmly pressing the affected area for several seconds. Nonblanching generalized rashes composed of small red macules are indicative of a rash with petechiae (Fig 2, A). An acral distribution of nonblanching violaceus lesions is indicative of acral ischemia (Fig 2, B). A reticulated vascular pattern indicates livedo reticularis subtype (Fig 2, C). For blanching rashes, the next step in our algorithm is to scratch the skin. Dermographism would manifest as linear wheals at sites of scratching and indicate a diagnosis of urticarial rash (Fig 2, D), whereas its absence indicates erythematous rash (Fig 2, E). A flashlight photograph after each step may be taken immediately afterward by the patient or medical staff so that lesions can be easily assessed by teledermatology.
Deep learning for dermatologists: Part II. Current applications
Authors: Pranav Puri, Nneka Comfere, Lisa A. Drage, Huma Shamim, Spencer A. Bezalel, Mark R. Pittelkow, Mark D.P. Davis, Michael Wang, Aaron R. Mangold, Megha M. Tollefson, Julia S. Lehman, Alexander Meves, James A. Yiannias, Clark C. Otley, Rickey E. Carter, Olayemi Sokumbi, Matthew R. Hall, Alina G. Bridges, Dennis H. Murphree
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
Authors: D. Harrison
Journal: BMJ (1992)

general managers.Aspirin and streptokinase remain the treatment of choice in myocardial infarction; there seems little justification for adding heparin."'This is not good news for those patients who, after mvocardial infarction, have to proceed to urgent or semiurgent cardiac surgery for unstable angina or other aspects of the infarc- tion.
QUALITY OF PATHOLOGY REPORT AND ADHERENCE TO GUIDELINES IN A FRENCH MULTICENTER COHORT OF T1 COLORECTAL CANCER TREATED BY ENDOSCOPIC RESECTION
Authors: F Corre, M Barret, JP Ratone, J Albouys, G Rahmi, E Chabrun, JM Canard, M Camus, T Wallenhorst, D Karsenti, M François, R Gerard, J Jacques, B Terris, R Coriat, S Chaussade
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims According to the Japanese (JSCCR) and European (ESGE) guidelines, the presence of deep submucosal infiltration (> 1000µm), poor tumor differentiation, lympho-vascular invasion, or grade 2-3 tumor budding on a T1 colorectal carcinoma (T1CRC) endoscopically resected should lead to additional surgery with lymph node dissection. The aim of this study was to evaluate practices in France concerning the quality of the pathology report (PR) and the adherence to guidelines in endoscopic treatment for T1CRC.
PERCUTANEOUS TRANSHEPATIC CHOLANGIOSCOPY (PTC) USING THE SPYGLASS SPYSCOPE SYSTEM FOR STRICTURES OF THE COMMON BILE DUCT
Authors: A Trikola, G Kranidiotis, N Tsoukalas, G Tsoukalos, D Tzavoulis, K Vasileiadis, S Sgouros, G Stefanidis
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Bile duct strictures are challenging conditions that require a multidisciplinary approach involving gastroenterologists and radiologists. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an important diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the evaluation of these strictures but is challenging in cases of gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y reconstruction. When conventional ERCP fails, common bile duct (CBD) strictures could be managed with percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC). The combination of PTC and cholangioscopy using the Spyglass system (Boston Scientific Inc., Massachusetts, USA) could provide a better tool to establish diagnosis and treatment.
Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome as a Possible Coactivator Disease
Authors: M Adachi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

The New Eng land Jour nal of Medicine reviewed behaviorally conditioned suppression of the immune system and provided strong support for the integration of the "somatic" and "psychological" aspects of immunity.The table of contents of the third edition of Psychoneuroimmunology is an indication of the depth and breadth of its subject matter.Molecular biology, genetics, the neurosciences, immunology, cell biology, endocrinology, chronobiology, pharmacology, anatomy, biochemistry, and the behavioral sciences are considered.This list demonstrates that psychoneuroimmunology constitutes a meeting ground for medicine, biochemistry, genetics, psychology, and human ethology.It emphasizes the indivisibility of somatic and psychological processes and the inseparability of immunologic and neuroendocrine processes.The first three parts of Psychoneuroimmunology deal with the pathways that bridge the brain and the immune system -namely, the neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous systems.The primary and secondary lymphoid organs are sympathetically and parasympathetically innervated, and these types of nerve fibers form neuroeffector junctions with the lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes that possess the appropriate receptors.Several chapters in the book cover the ways in which neural and neuroendocrine signals modify immune processes and the ways in which cytokines affect brain function.One of the most valuable chapters deals with how sleep influences the homeostatic regulation of the immune system.Sleep deprivation, for example, adversely affects resistance to infectious diseases.Most of the mechanisms underlying the relation between sleep and modulation of the immune system are unknown, but it seems clear that these mechanisms are important in host defenses.Parts IV and V of Psychoneuroimmunology document the effects of behavior and stress on immune function.Important topics, such as pain and the effects of early rearing experiences and social interactions, are covered.Psychoneuroimmunology ends with chapters, in part VI, devoted to the links between psychoneuroimmunology and neurologic and psychiatric diseases, infection, surgical trauma, cardiovascular disease, periodontal disease, alcoholism, and aging.These contributions discuss the influence of emotions on immune responsiveness and the ways in which personal and social support can help in the recovery from an immunemediated disease.Reading this book leaves the impression that research in psychoneuroimmunology is growing exponentially.The third edition of Psychoneuroimmunology contributes substantially to this effort.
PRACTICAL DIFFICULTIES OF MEDICAL HEALTH OFFICERS AND PHYSICIANS IN DEALING WITH SUSPECTED CASES OF DIPHTHERIA.
Authors: P. H. BRYCE
Journal: JAMA (1894)

It is within the recollection of almost all of us that it is not more than ten years since scientific investigation gave us any actual idea of the immediate cause of the disease known as diphtheria. At that time even its contagiousness was disputed by many; and while medical practitioners having experience with the disease had noted its special incidence in certain localities and still more in certain dwellings, yet the cause was by most supposed to be due to local unsanitary conditions wherein the decomposition of organic matter, whether animal or vegetable, in cellars, sewers, etc., was supposed to exert a causative influence. While to-day such conditions are readily acknowledged to exert influences favorable to the occurrence of the disease, yet actual observers of this as of other zymotic diseases give such influences the secondary place, and speak of them as exciting causes rather than as the immediate cause.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Tumor necrosis factor overcomes immune evasion in p53-mutant medulloblastoma
Authors: Alexandra Garancher, Hiromichi Suzuki, Svasti Haricharan, Lianne Q. Chau, Meher Beigi Masihi, Jessica M. Rusert, Paula S. Norris, Florent Carrette, Megan M. Romero, Sorana A. Morrissy, Patryk Skowron, Florence M. G. Cavalli, Hamza Farooq, Vijay Ramaswamy, Steven J. M. Jones, Richard A. Moore, Andrew J. Mungall, Yussanne Ma, Nina Thiessen, Yisu Li, Alaide Morcavallo, Lin Qi, Mari Kogiso, Yuchen Du, Patricia Baxter, Jacob J. Henderson, John R. Crawford, Michael L. Levy, James M. Olson, Yoon-Jae Cho, Aniruddha J. Deshpande, Xiao-Nan Li, Louis Chesler, Marco A. Marra, Harald Wajant, Oren J. Becher, Linda M. Bradley, Carl F. Ware, Michael D. Taylor, Robert J. Wechsler-Reya
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2020)
REAL-TIME DIAGNOSIS OF AN EARLY BARRETT’S CARCINOMA USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) - VIDEO CASE DEMONSTRATION
Authors: A Ebigbo, R Mendel, G Tziatzios, A Probst, C Palm, H Messmann
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Introduction We present a clinical case showing the real-time detection, characterization and delineation of an early Barrett’s cancer using AI.
ERCP USING BALLOON-ASSITED ENTEROSCOPY IN PATIENTS WITH GASTRECTOMY AND RECONSTRUCTION ROUX-EN-Y: CASE SERIES
Authors: RQ Castro, CV Lucas, JE Diez
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Gastric anatomy that is modified by surgery, is a challenge for the realization of a retrograde endoscopic cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Difficulties consist of the identification of the bile loop, the papillary orifice, cannulation of the papilla and sphincterotomy/sphincteroplasty. In the case of Roux-en-Y reconstruction, balloon-assisted enteroscopy is the best endoscopic option although the success rates of this technique are not very high.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF THE POSE PROCEDURE
Authors: AJ del Pozo-Garcia, DR de la Cruz, T Valdés-Lacasa, J Rosado, C Gómez García, M Galindo Fuentes, NP Arroyo, FS Gómez
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Primary obesity surgery endolumenal method (POSE) is an incisionless weight-loss procedure in which full-thickness suture anchors are placed endoscopically in the stomach of obese subjects modifying gastric anatomy and helping the patients to change their nutritional habits and life style. Our aim was to describe its efficacy and safety.
Cancer-Associated Hypercalcemia: Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: Stuart H. Ralston, Stephen J. Gallacher, Uday Patel, James Campbell, Iain T. Boyle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Abstract Study Objective:To review the effects of antihypercalcemic treatment on morbidity and mortality in cancer-associated hypercalcemia. Design:Retrospective study of 126 consecutive patients w...