tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Estimated Rates of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Border Counties in Iowa Without a Stay-at-Home Order and Border Counties in Illinois With a Stay-at-Home Order
Authors: Wei Lyu, George L. Wehby
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Iowa is 1 of 5 states in the US that have not issued a stay-at-home order during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. There is no empirical evidence on whether issuing a stay-at-home order in Iowa could have been associated with a reduced rate of COVID-19 infections in the state.To compare COVID-19 cases in border counties in Iowa, which did not issue a stay-at-home order, with cases in border counties in Illinois, which did issue a stay-at-home order.This cross-sectional study with a difference-in-differences design compared daily changes in COVID-19 cases per 10 000 residents in 8 Iowa counties bordering Illinois with those in the 7 Illinois counties bordering Iowa before and after Illinois issued a stay-at-home order on March 21, 2020. Additional sensitivity analyses were conducted to account for differences in timing of closing schools and nonessential businesses between the 2 states and differential trends in COVID-19 cases by county population density and poverty rates.Issuing a stay-at-home order.Comparison of cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 10 000 residents in border counties in Iowa and Illinois.The total populations were 462 445 in the Iowa border counties and 272 385 in the Illinois border counties. Population density was higher in the Iowa counties (114.2 people per square mile) than in the Illinois counties (78.2 people per square mile). Trends of cumulative COVID-19 cases per 10 000 residents for the Iowa and Illinois border counties were comparable before the Illinois stay-at-home order, which went into effect at 5:00 pm on March 21 (March 15 to March 21: 0.024 per 10 000 residents vs 0.026 per 10 000 residents). After that, cases increased more quickly in Iowa and more slowly in Illinois. Within 10, 20, and 30 days after the enactment of the stay-at-home order in Illinois, the difference in cases was -0.51 per 10 000 residents (SE, 0.09; 95% CI, -0.69 to -0.32; P < .001), -1.15 per 10 000 residents (SE, 0.49; 95% CI, -2.12 to -0.18; P = .02), and -4.71 per 10 000 residents (SE, 1.99; 95% CI, -8.64 to -0.78; P = .02), respectively. The estimates indicate excess cases in the border Iowa counties by as many as 217 cases after 1 month without a stay-at-home order. This estimate of excess cases represents 30.4% of the 716 total cases in those Iowa counties by that date. Sensitivity analyses addressing differences in timing of closing schools and nonessential businesses and differences in county population density and poverty rates between the 2 states supported these findings.This cross-sectional study with a difference-in-differences design found an increase in estimated rates of COVID-19 cases per 10 000 residents in the border counties in Iowa compared with the border counties in Illinois following a stay-at-home order that was implemented in Illinois but not in Iowa.
RADIATION DOSE IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH THE SEVERITY OF ANASTOMOTIC STENOSIS AFTER NEOADJUVANT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY AND SURGICAL RESECTION IN ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION CARCINOMA
Authors: FS Verheij, B Stam, FEM Voncken, W Koemans, RT van der Kaaij, WHM Verbeek, KJ Hartemink, A Cats, AAFA Veenhof, JW van Sandick, Monique E van Leerdam, JM van Dieren, TR de Wijkerslooth
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims In the Netherlands, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) has become standard treatment for non-metastic resectable esophageal cancer as it increases survival compared to surgery alone. Stenosis of the cervical anastomosis is a common postoperative complication after gastric tube reconstruction requiring endoscopic dilations. We hypothesized that radiation dose on the future anastomotic region (FAR) was related to the occurrence and severity of the anastomotic stenosis. We evaluated the incidence of stenosis and analyzed risk factors associated with severity of the stenosis.
Effectiveness of aerobic exercise and mind-body exercise in cancer patients with poor sleep quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Naomi Takemura, Denise Shuk Ting Cheung, Robert Smith, Wen Deng, Ka Yan Ho, Jingxia Lin, Jojo Yan Yan Kwok, Tai-Chung Lam, Chia-Chin Lin
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (2020)
ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND-GUIDED SAMPLING OF MEDIASTINAL LYMPHADENOPATHY: 19-GAUGE TRUCUT BIOPSY VERSUS 22-GAUGE ASPIRATION BIOPSY
Authors: TY Park
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided transesophageal fine needle biopsy has been used as a method for histologic evaluation of mediastinal lymph nodes (LNs). This study aimed to compare the outcomes of EUS-guided sampling with mediastinal lymphadenopathy using a 19-gauge trucut needle and 22-gauge fine needle aspiration (FNA) needle.
Artificial Intelligence Will Not Replace Health Professionals, but the Proper Use of Artificial Intelligence Will Make Health Professionals Better
Authors: Carlos Rodriguez-Antolin
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Deep learning has enabled great advances to be made in cancer research with regards to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The study by Wang and colleagues in this issue of Cancer Research develops a deep learning algorithm with the ability to digitally stain histologic images, achieving reliable nuclei segmentation and cell classification. They use this tool to study the tumor morphologic microenvironment in tissue pathology images of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. On the basis of the image features, they develop a prognostic model and find correlations with the transcriptional activities of biological pathways. See related article by Wang et al., p. 2056
POLYSACCHARIDE HEMOSTATIC POWDER TO PREVENT BLEEDING AFTER ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION: A PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: JC Park, DH Jung, CH Park, HS Moon
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Endoscopists have a chance to face an increasing number of patients with high risk of post-ESD bleeding (PEB) due to antithrombotic agents. In order to verify the efficacy for prevention method of PEB, we designed the first randomized controlled trial (RCT) on the efficacy of the hemostatic powder (HP) for the prevention of PEB.
ENDOSCOPIC DIAGNOSIS OF HUMAN INTESTINAL SPIROCHETOSIS: A CASE SERIES
Authors: T Takezawa, H Sakamoto, M Okada, H Okada, Y Okada, T Okada, K Okada, AK Lefor, H Yamamoto
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims: Human intestinal spirochetosis (HIS) is defined by the presence of a layer of spirochetes attached by one end ofthe cell to the colorectal epithelium. Brachyspira pilosicoli and Brachyspira aalborgi are the etiologic agents of HIS. While many patients with HIS have no symptoms, some have symptoms such as chronic diarrhea and bloody stool. There is little known about pathogenicity of HIS, and awareness is still low. We investigated the characteristics of patients treated for HIS.
Rural-Urban Differences in Cardiovascular Mortality in the US, 1999-2017
Authors: Sarah H. Cross, Mandeep R. Mehra, Deepak L. Bhatt, Khurram Nasir, Christopher J. O’Donnell, Robert M. Califf, Haider J. Warraich
Journal: JAMA (2020)

This study used data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER database to examined temporal trends in cardiovascular disease age-adjusted mortality rates overall and across subgroups stratified by rural-urban area designation in the US.
ASSOCIATION OF PLUMMER VINSON´S SYNDROME AND CANCER
Authors: F Lamarti, IBE Barhdadi, ME Mountassir, S Zertiti, C Berhili, N Lagdali, M Borahma, FZ Ajana
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims To describe the epidemiological profile of patients with cancer-associated plummer Vinson´s syndrome(PVS)and to show the interest of endoscopic surveillance in them.
An outbreak of severe Kawasaki-like disease at the Italian epicentre of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: an observational cohort study
Authors: Lucio Verdoni, Angelo Mazza, Annalisa Gervasoni, Laura Martelli, Maurizio Ruggeri, Matteo Ciuffreda, Ezio Bonanomi, Lorenzo D'Antiga
Journal: The Lancet (2020)

BackgroundThe Bergamo province, which is extensively affected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic, is a natural observatory of virus manifestations in the general population. In the past month we recorded an outbreak of Kawasaki disease; we aimed to evaluate incidence and features of patients with Kawasaki-like disease diagnosed during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.MethodsAll patients diagnosed with a Kawasaki-like disease at our centre in the past 5 years were divided according to symptomatic presentation before (group 1) or after (group 2) the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. Kawasaki- like presentations were managed as Kawasaki disease according to the American Heart Association indications. Kawasaki disease shock syndrome (KDSS) was defined by presence of circulatory dysfunction, and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) by the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation criteria. Current or previous infection was sought by reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR in nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, and by serological qualitative test detecting SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG, respectively.FindingsGroup 1 comprised 19 patients (seven boys, 12 girls; aged 3·0 years [SD 2·5]) diagnosed between Jan 1, 2015, and Feb 17, 2020. Group 2 included ten patients (seven boys, three girls; aged 7·5 years [SD 3·5]) diagnosed between Feb 18 and April 20, 2020; eight of ten were positive for IgG or IgM, or both. The two groups differed in disease incidence (group 1 vs group 2, 0·3 vs ten per month), mean age (3·0 vs 7·5 years), cardiac involvement (two of 19 vs six of ten), KDSS (zero of 19 vs five of ten), MAS (zero of 19 vs five of ten), and need for adjunctive steroid treatment (three of 19 vs eight of ten; all p<0·01).InterpretationIn the past month we found a 30-fold increased incidence of Kawasaki-like disease. Children diagnosed after the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic began showed evidence of immune response to the virus, were older, had a higher rate of cardiac involvement, and features of MAS. The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic was associated with high incidence of a severe form of Kawasaki disease. A similar outbreak of Kawasaki-like disease is expected in countries involved in the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.FundingNone.
School Reopening—The Pandemic Issue That Is Not Getting Its Due
Authors: Dimitri A. Christakis
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

The outcomes of pandemics are best understood in retrospect.Years from now, historians, epidemiologists, psychologists, and economists will provide extensive explanations of the damage done, mistakes made, and lessons learned.While in the thick of it, decisions must be made without the benefits that hindsight will provide, and those decisions can have considerable and lasting implications.It is also clear that certain vulnerable subpopulations have been asked to make greater sacrifices, as noted by Dooley et al 1 in this issue of JAMA Pediatrics.Elderly people in institutions have given up all in-person visits; many adults in the workforce have been asked to forego their livelihood, together with all of the attendant hardships that brings; and millions of children have been kept home from school and transitioned rather abruptly to distance learning that no child, school district, or teacher was adequately prepared for.The decision to close schools was among the first action that many states took to stave the impending pandemic and was based on a strong theoretical foundation.Children are typically at greatest risk of infectious diseases, and they transmit them to each other and their families with considerable speed.Many drew parallels to the 100-year-old influenza epidemic, in which it was true that children played a central role in transmission.But in the 6 to 8 weeks since most schools in the US have closed, we have gathered new evidence about both children's risks from the virus and their likelihood of transmitting it, as noted by Esposito and Principi 2 in this issue of JAMA Pediatrics.We know only what we know today about the benefits and harms associated with school closure.However imperfect these data are, they must inform a critical decision that many states and school districts will be making in the very near future.Notably, even as states provisionally plan on opening workplaces, most are giving no consideration to opening schools.Many have already canceled the
ABDOMINAL ABSCESS EUS-GUIDED DRAINAGE USING LUMEN-APPOSING-METAL STENT
Authors: M Manno, S Deiana, L Ottaviani, S Vavassori, T Gabbani, P Soriani
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Here the case of a71-year-old-man affected by head pancreatic cancer,carrying on uncoveredSEMS in CBD. During chemotherapy, septic shock occurred. CT-scan revealed abdominal abscess adjacent to major gastric curve.The collection was punctured obtaining purulent liquid for microbiological evaluation to target antimicrobic therapy. A 15mm x 10 mmLAMS was deployed with subsequent flowing of purulent fluid in the gastric lumen. Clinical scenario rapidly improved. Ten-days laterCT-scan control confirmed resolution of the collection. The stent was removed with retrieval forceps and OTSC was placed to completely close the gastric hole. The patient remained in satisfying clinical condition;he was discharged home the day after and was referred to restart oncologic treatment.
Nosocomial Pneumonia in Mechanically Ventilated Patients Receiving Antacid, Ranitidine, or Sucralfate as Prophylaxis for Stress Ulcer
Authors: Guy Prod'hom
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Objective: To assess three anti-stress ulcer prophylaxis regimens in mechanically ventilated patients for bacterial colonization, early- and late-onset nosocomial pneumonia, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Patients: Consecutive eligible patients with mechanical ventilation and a nasogastric tube. Of 258 eligible patients, 244 were assessable. Setting: Medical and surgical intensive care units. Intervention: At intubation, patients were randomly assigned to receive one of the following: antacid (a suspension of aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide), 20 mL every 2 hours; ranitidine, 150 mg as a continuous intravenous infusion; or sucralfate, 1 g every 4 hours. Measurements: Using predetermined criteria, the incidence of gastric bleeding, gastric colonization, early-onset pneumonia, and late-onset pneumonia was assessed in patients intubated for more than 24 hours. Results: Of 244 assessable patients, macroscopic gastric bleeding was observed in 10%, 4%, and 6% of patients assigned to receive sucralfate, antacid, and ranitidine, respectively (P > 0.2). The incidence of early-onset pneumonia was not statistically different among the three treatment groups (P > 0.2). Among the 213 patients observed for more than 4 days, late-onset pneumonia was observed in 5% of the patients who received sucralfate compared with 16% and 21% of the patients who received antacid or ranitidine, respectively (P = 0.022). Mortality was not statistically different among the three treatment groups. Patients who received sucralfate had a lower median gastric pH (P < 0.001) and less frequent gastric colonization compared with the other groups (P = 0.015). Using molecular typing, 84% of the patients with late-onset gram-negative bacillary pneumonia were found to have gastric colonization with the same bacteria before pneumonia developed. Conclusion: Stress ulcer prophylaxis with sucralfate reduces the risk for late-onset pneumonia in ventilated patients compared with antacid or ranitidine.
Medical Management Decisions in Nursing Home Patients
Authors: Richard F. Uhlmann, Hugh Clark, Robert A. Pearlman, Joseph C. M. Downs, John H. Addison, Robert G. Haining
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Abstract The ethical principles of medical decision making are inherently the same for nursing home residents, who represent an increasingly large segment of the population, as they are for other a...
Trends in Drug Use–Associated Infective Endocarditis and Heart Valve Surgery, 2007 to 2017
Authors: Asher J. Schranz, Aaron Fleischauer, Vivian H. Chu, Li-Tzy Wu, David L. Rosen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

The opioid epidemic has led to an increase in hospital admissions for drug use-associated infective endocarditis (DUA-IE). The authors used a statewide database to examine 10-year trends in the cha...
Which patients are SaPHe in sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary hypertension?
Authors: Daniel Vis, Athénaïs Boucly, Marc Humbert, Jason Weatherald
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>Pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension is a rare and heterogenous complication in sarcoidosis. 6-min walking distance is a robust and consistent prognostic factor, but the role of pulmonary arterial hypertension-targeted treatments remains controversial.</b>http://bit.ly/2J27Yps
Covid-19: Cases of inflammatory syndrome in children surge after urgent alert
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2020)

There has been a surge in cases of an inflammatory syndrome in children, believed to be linked to covid-19, following an alert to doctors in the UK at the end of April.1

The syndrome, which in the UK is referred to as the “paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome which is temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2,” has also been seen in Italy and the US and has been compared with both Kawasaki disease and toxic shock.

Experts have said that the condition may be an “antibody mediated or delayed response” to covid-19 that happens several weeks after the infection. They also stressed, however, that while doctors must know what to look out for, the syndrome is rare and has good outcomes.

Kawasaki disease is a rare condition which mainly affects children under five and is characterised by a high temperature that lasts for five days or more, a rash, and swollen glands in the neck. It can cause the blood vessels to become inflamed and swollen, and can lead to complications in the coronary arteries.

In the province of Bergamo, Italy, researchers …
Single-cell transcriptional landscapes reveal HIV-1–driven aberrant host gene transcription as a potential therapeutic target
Authors: Runxia Liu, Yang-Hui Jimmy Yeh, Ales Varabyou, Jack A. Collora, Scott Sherrill-Mix, C. Conover Talbot, Sameet Mehta, Kristen Albrecht, Haiping Hao, Hao Zhang, Ross A. Pollack, Subul A. Beg, Rachela M. Calvi, Jianfei Hu, Christine M. Durand, Richard F. Ambinder, Rebecca Hoh, Steven G. Deeks, Jennifer Chiarella, Serena Spudich, Daniel C. Douek, Frederic D. Bushman, Mihaela Pertea, Ya-Chi Ho
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2020)

Single-cell transcriptome analysis by HIV-1 SortSeq identifies HIV-1–driven aberrant host gene transcription as a mechanism of HIV-1 persistence.
APPLICABILITY OF COLON CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY AS PAN-ENDOSCOPY: FROM BOWEL PREPARATION, TRANSIT TIMES AND COMPLETION RATE TO RATING TIMES AND PATIENT ACCEPTANCE
Authors: FER Vuik, S Moen, SAV Nieuwenburg, EJ Kuipers, MCW Spaander
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Despite its noninvasive character and its potential to explore the entire gastrointestinal tract, implementation of colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) as pan-endoscopy has not yet been achieved. The applicability of CCE as pan-endoscopy is highly dependent on several quality parameters. The aim of this study was to evaluate these parameters to determine which factors need optimization.
RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY DEMONSTRATES BIOMOLECULAR CHANGES AND PREDICTS RESPONSE TO BIOLOGICAL THERAPY IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD)
Authors: S Smith, C Banbury, D Zardo, R Cannatelli, OM Nardone, U Shivaji, S Ghosh, PG Oppenheimer, M Iacucci
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Aims Biological therapy in IBD is increasing however, response rates remain modest. Raman Spectroscopy describes the scattering of inelastic light giving spectra that is highly specific for individual molecules revealing tissue biochemistry. Our aim was to establish spectral changes in IBD following biological therapy and whether Raman Spectroscopy can predict response.
Replicating patterns of prospect theory for decision under risk
Authors: Kai Ruggeri, Sonia Alí, Mari Louise Berge, Giulia Bertoldo, Ludvig D. Bjørndal, Anna Cortijos-Bernabeu, Clair Davison, Emir Demić, Celia Esteban-Serna, Maja Friedemann, Shannon P. Gibson, Hannes Jarke, Ralitsa Karakasheva, Peggah R. Khorrami, Jakob Kveder, Thomas Lind Andersen, Ingvild S. Lofthus, Lucy McGill, Ana E. Nieto, Jacobo Pérez, Sahana K. Quail, Charlotte Rutherford, Felice L. Tavera, Nastja Tomat, Chiara Van Reyn, Bojana Većkalov, Keying Wang, Aleksandra Yosifova, Francesca Papa, Enrico Rubaltelli, Sander van der Linden, Tomas Folke
Journal: Nature Human Behaviour (2020)
To compare the incomparable: COVID-19 pneumonia and high-altitude disease
Authors: Giacomo Strapazzon, Matthias P. Hilty, Pierre Bouzat, Lorenza Pratali, Hermann Brugger, Simon Rauch
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>COVID-19 pneumonia is a viral infection; high-altitude pulmonary oedema is a non-cardiogenic oedema. Some clinicians have found the clinical features similar. It is important to clarify such misconceptions to prevent erroneous treatment strategies</b>https://bit.ly/2KOBi3F
Annals Graphic Medicine - Hear for You
Authors: Georgianna Stoukides
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Web Exclusives19 May 2020Annals Graphic Medicine - Hear for YouFREEGeorgianna Stoukides, MA, BScGeorgianna Stoukides, MA, BScBrown University, Providence, Rhode Island (G.S.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/G19-0064 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Download figure Download PowerPoint Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (G.S.)Acknowledgment: “Hear for You” was created in the Medical Comics Project at Brown University, funded by the Warren Alpert Medical School and the Arnold P. Gold Foundation to engage premedical students in reflective exercises and the development of original graphic narratives.Disclosures: The author has disclosed no conflicts of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=G19-0064.Author/Illustrator Information: A graduate of Brown University, Georgianna Stoukides is currently conducting research at the Brown School of Public Health, and she will be attending medical school in New York in the fall of 2020. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 May 2020Volume 172, Issue 10Page: W126-W127KeywordsConflicts of interestDisclosureExerciseFallsGraduate medical educationHealth careHealth information technologyPrevention, policy, and public health ePublished: 19 May 2020 Issue Published: 19 May 2020 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2020 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Therapy in Febrile Granulocytopenic Patients
Authors: Drew J. Winston, Winston G. Ho, David A. Bruckner, Richard E. Champlin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Abstract ▪Objective:To compare the efficacy, toxicity, and cost-effectiveness of double beta-lactam therapy with monotherapy. ▪Design:A randomized, controlled trial. ▪Patients:Febrile, granulocytop...
Foodhandler-Associated Outbreak of Hepatitis Type A
Authors: Jules L. Dienstag, John A. Routenberg, Robert H. Purcell, Richard R. Hooper, William O. Harrison
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Abstract Immune electron microscopy, which can detect hepatitis A antigen and antibody (anti-HA), was used to study a foodhandler-associated outbreak of hepatitis among 136 naval recruits. In stool...